Introduction: Research into parenting programmes has typically found that parental wellbeing, parenting practices and child wellbeing are linked, with increased parental wellbeing and supportive parenting practices resulting in better wellbeing and outcomes for children. As such, parenting programmes have focussed on supporting parents in how to best manage their child's behaviour. However, these programmes have been largely based on professional opinion and ignore parental perspective. Research has suggested that what parents want and need from a programme may be different to what is being offered (Hill et al., 2007).
Aims: The research aimed to understand what a group of parents thought about elements within current parenting programmes.
Method: A q-sort methodology was used to elucidate parental opinion about the parts of a programme that would have the most impact on their ability to parent effectively.
64 parents were asked to sort a number of statements about current parenting programmes on offer using an online tool.
Results: A principal components analysis was undertaken with 60 statements and 64 q-sorts. This yielded three factors that were interpreted to represent three different understandings of parenting programmes. "A parenting toolkit of skills", "Fix me first" and "Nurture the nurturer". The factors shared some similarities of what parents report with current programmes on offer (e.g. therapeutic relationship, universal, childcare provision) but also highlighted areas where parents wanted different things. The results are discussed in light of the demographics of the individuals assessed and how this may impact on future parenting programmes.

Conclusion: the results indicated that the main theme overlapped with the typical concepts embedded in well-established programmes in services. There are however a small group of parents where these concepts did not meet their needs. Consideration needs to be given to more mature parents, single parents and fathers.


Objective To find out the target genes or sequences possibly regulated by transcription factor LYL1 in myeloid leukemia cells.Methods Gene expression profile of leukemia cells over-expressing LYL1 was analyzed with human whole genome cDNA chips.Results Four hundred and forty-four genes or expressed sequence tags(EST) were possibly regulated by LYL1,including 335 up-regulated and 109 down-regulated.Some up-regulated or down-regulated genes such as transcription factors,protooncogenes,tumor suppressor genes,growth factors or receptors,signal transduction molecules and apoptosis-related proteins were listed.Noticeably,up-regulated genes included LMO2 and GATA1,transcription factors involved in erythroid differentiation and many proto-oncogenes including RAS family members,EHM2,Pin1,PAX8,RAF-1,GRAP-2 and WNT5A.Down-regulated genes included tumor suppressor p53.Conclusion These results may help to explain the possible roles of LYL1 in myeloid leukemia.


The author analyzes the trade regime of the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation and its possible changes after the official accession of the Russian Federation to the WTO. The foreign trade, export opportunities and risks in agricultural trade with the SES countries are examined. Also, the author estimates the impact of the introduction of restrictions on imports of cheese and confectionery products from Ukraine and provides recommendations to mitigate negative consequences and reduce risk in trade with the SES countries.


Adolescence is an age of opportunities for children. It can also be described as the threshold from childhood to adulthood. It is a critical time where elders are required to help the children in their adolescence and guide them correctly. According to a recent survey it was observed that India has the largest population of young adolescents. The purpose of this project is to identify which why teenagers today suffer from mental diseases like depression, anxiety, stress, mood disorders etc. We believe that based on a certain dataset and with the help of data science we can figure out the cause of the same.


This paper aims to reassess estimates of trends oxygen content in the Baltic taking into accounts the past 60 years, split into periods of different physical and biological dynamics. The authors interpolate data using an interpolation scheme which attempts to account for variable data density in the hopes of being able to compare more datasparse periods to the rest of the dataset. Overall, I agree fully with and would reinforce the comments made by S. Konovalov (C7404–C7407, 5/11/2015).


Abstract Parapsyllus magellanicus largificus subsp. n. (Siphonaptera: Rhopalopsyllidae) is described from specimens found in nests of Salvin's mollymawk, Diomedea cauta salvini (Roths-child), on the Bounty Islands, New Zealand. This is the first record of a flea from this host.


An optical material which is reduced in coloration due to an ultraviolet absorber, is highly colorless and transparent, and has an excellent balance among material properties required of optical materials; a process for producing the optical material; a lens; and a composition to be used as a raw material for these optical materials. The composition comprises one or more monomers including a diallyl compound and additives including an ultraviolet absorber and an alcohol compound (1) represented by the formula (1): (1) wherein R1 is phenyl or substituted phenyl; and R2 and R3 each represents C1-3 alkyl or hydrogen.


Emerging adulthood affords an important developmental context for adaptive and maladaptive trajectories with regard to sexual development. This concluding chapter of the volume "Sexuality in Emerging Adulthood" provides an overview of the key ways in which previous chapters have identified opportunities for positive experiences and outcomes related to sexuality in emerging adulthood as well as those that are associated with less successful navigation of this domain of development. Beginning with a brief overview of several theories that provide useful frameworks for understanding the vast body of literature on these topics, we then review how early anticedents to sexuality in emerging adulthood, certain sexual behaviors, and the presence of positive social forces may all contribute to greater sexual well-being. We next review factors associated with lower sexual health and mental health outcomes during emerging adulthood, including experiences in childhood and adolescence, sexual risk behaviors, and various social forces. Lastly, we suggest future directions for the field, which include additional longitudinal work, especially with non-college attending participants, and research that can account for the complexity and diversity in lived experience.


The task of chemical spraying has been seriously considered as an irritating and annoying job for Korean rice farmers. An agricultural unmanned helicopter was suggested to solve this problem so as the farmers to have more decent farming condition. The objectives of this study were to analyze the adoptability of an experimental rotor blade (SW05) using the CFD simulation and also to compare the simulation results with experimental results. The simulation results showed that the induced power of this rotor reached to of total power and the profile power was about of total power. Therefore it can be concluded that this rotor`s performance characteristics were not so efficient for the size of unmanned helicopter due to the low induced power and high profile power relatively compared with ones of conventional rotors. The comparison with experimental results showed that the tested lifts were less than 70% of simulated ones at the grip pitch of and decreased to 40% at the grip pitch. Therefore, it can be concluded that the rotor was too oversized to be used for a 15.4 kW (21 PS) engine.


Internodal cells of a brackish water charophyte, Lamprothamnium succinctum, regulate turgor pressure in response to changes in external osmotic pressure by modifying vacuolar concentrations of KCl. An increase in cytosolic concentration of free Ca 2 + ([Ca 2 + ] c ) is necessary for the progress of turgor regulation induced by hypotonic treatment. Initial changes in membrane potential and [Ca 2 + ] c upon hypotonic treatment were measured to examine the temporal relationship between the two parameters. Fura-dextran (potassium salt, M r 10,000, anionic) that had been injected into the cytosol was used to measure [Ca 2 + ] c . Membrane potential and membrane conductance under a current-clamp condition were also measured. Decrease in external osmotic pressure by 0.16 Osm induced a simultaneous increase in [Ca 2 + ] c with both depolarization of the membrane and increase in the membrane conductance. Decrease in external osmotic pressure by 0.05 Osm induced a simultaneous increase in [Ca 2 + ] c with membrane depolarization but the increase in membrane conductance started later than the other two processes. There was a close temporal relationship between the increase in [Ca 2 + ] c and membrane depolarization on the initial response of turgor regulation induced by hypotonic treatment.


This paper deals with biological afterreactions in the water distribution net A model of the biocenosis and a measuring method are presented, which serves to obtain process information, to control macroscopic visible organisms (asellus, nematoda etc.), and to control the biological situation in the water distribution net. The model of the biocenosis gives a certain understanding about the structure and the complex interactions within the biocenosis.


An efficient multi-wavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser in a ring cavity is presented. Up to 31 Brillouin Stokes lines with SNR of more than 20 dB could be generated from the experimental setup which utilizes a broadband fiber Bragg grating filter as the cavity feedback. Only 0.2 dBm of Brillouin pump and 70 mW of the 980 nm LD powers were consumed to generate the output channels with constant spacing of 0.088 nm.


The increasingly electric energy demand, owing to the widespread of use heat pumps and electric vehicles in urban contexts, in the next few years will require a strong employment of renewable energy systems and appropriate storage systems. The coupling of more renewable systems with storage systems allows mitigation of the high uncertainty and intermittence of the renewable resources and, therefore, the achievement of greater reliability in satisfying the load and reducing energy in excess. This work presents a dynamic and energy reliability analysis of a renewable hybrid trigeneration system (RHTS) consisting of a photovoltaic generator, a wind micro-generator and an electric storage battery (electric renewable hybrid system ERHS) used to supply a heat pump, electric office devices, and an electric vehicle charging station. The heat pump is employed for heating and cooling air-conditioning of an office building environment. The RHTS and subsystem grid-connected ERHS considered are employed to satisfy the reference office building energy demand in a Mediterranean area. The dynamic simulation results are employed to study the dynamic interaction between the ERHS with the three electric loads in different characteristic weeks. Different indices are defined and evaluated, in the absence and presence of a battery storage system, to identify the most contemporary load compared with the renewable sources availability and to determine the system energy reliability.


In this work, a stabilized characteristic finite volume method for the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations is investigated based on the lowest equal-order finite element pair. The temporal differentiation and advection term are dealt with by characteristic scheme. Stability of the numerical solution is derived under some regularity assumptions. Optimal error estimates of the velocity and pressure are obtained by using the relationship between the finite volume and finite element methods.


Continuous low gate insulator field (1 MV/cm) electron injection in insulated gate field effect transistors using a pulsed injection technique (PIT) was conducted in the dose range 10 -3 to 10 17 e/cm 2 over the range of current densities from 1.5 x 10 -7 to 3.4 x 10 -5 A/cm 2 . PIT enables independent control of insulator fields and injection current densities, while not causing optically induced shallow trap depopulation. As is generally the case, the threshold voltage shift, AV D varies monotonically with dose, and can be modeled using a defect generation power law requiring fewer adjustable parameters than is necessary using a first order trapping model. It was also found that for a given dose the injection current density has a profound effect on the observed magnitude of trap generation. Previously, the total dose and insulator field were thought to be the only determining factors in trap generation. Based on these results, it appears that when the intrinsic defect concentration(s) is to be determined, a very low current density (injection rate) should be used to minimize trap generation effects which would confuse the issue. It is reported also for the first time that the expected in-use lifetime of the devices, calculated from the injection data, also exhibits a power law dependency on the injection current density. These results raise serious questions about the validity of aggressive injection techniques (such as avalanche injection and Fowler-Nordheim approaches), of the existence of ultrasmall cross section electron traps based on such methods, and of aggressive accelerated aging conclusions, based on the extrapolation of high injection current density data to end-of-life threshold voltage shifts.


The effectiveness of the advance warning in-vehicle system was evaluated by reviewing drivers' abilities to respond appropriately to unsafe conditions in real-time driving scenarios. A probe vehicle was used to collect individual vehicle speed as well as its speed change rates. The probe vehicle was also equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) that generated the individual vehicle trajectory. The driver's response was evaluated under two different types of warning system, emergency warning and general warning, using various combinations of modalities that include text, digital tones, voice messages, and graphics. Study results show that for emergency alert, warning information transmitted by integrating' voice, graphic and text' or 'repeated computer tone and text' was most effective. In the case of a general warning alert, 'repeated computer tone, voice, graphic, and text' combination was found to be most effective. This study provides an overall guideline for designing an effective in-vehicle warning system.


Surface microfluidics can be of potential use in a variety of emerging applications, including biological and chemical analysis, cellular detection and manipulation, and high-throughput pharmaceutical screening. In comparison with the conventional closed-channel microfluidic system, surface microfluidics shows the distinct advantages of simple construction, direct fluidic connection, no cavitation or interphase obstruction, no optical barrier, and reusability. In this paper, we present the first surface microfluidic networks microfabricated by a single-step photolithographic process using a novel superhydrophobic photosensitive nanocomposite. The superhydrophobic photoresist incorporates PTFE nanoparticles into a photosensitive SU-8 matrix, in which superhydrophobicity (contact angle of 160°) is primarily contributed by the extremely low chemical energy and nanotopology of PTFE nanoparticles, while the SU-8 matrix offers photopatternability (lithographic resolution of 10µm) and substrate adhesion. Furthermore, surface microfluidic pumps self-propelled by surface tension force have been fabricated and characterized to demonstrate the applicability of the novel nanocomposite material.


Juvenile delinquency that is happening is bullying. In 2015, 84% of Indonesian students experienced difficulties in school. One of the problems of bullying is disrupt social abilities. In Bandung's X Vocational School, most of the adolescents claimed to have corrected bullying by their peers. This study aims to find the relationship of bullying with the social abilities of adolescents in X Vocational School in Bandung. This type of research uses descriptive research through cross-sectional research. The sample consisted of 83 students taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection uses a Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale questionnaire for bullying variables and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) for social ability variables. Data analysis was performed by non-parametric statistics using the Spearman Rank valuation method. Results: Research shows that most adolescents have high rates of bullying (88%) and most adolescents have moderate social abilities (56.6%). Statistical test results using the Spearman rank test (p-value = 0.023) with a value of r = 0.249. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a weak relationship between intimidation and social ability. Based on this, it is expected that for other parties, SMK X should pay more attention to develop adolescents through routine development activities by activating counseling.


Alteration in glucose homeostasis by the drugs acting on CNS in euglycemic or diabetic patients may pose problems for treating physicians while interpreting the data on blood sugar levels. The problem may be further aggrevated in diabetic patients maintained on antidiabetic agents because this may adversely affect the course of the disease especially in persons on long term therapy with CNS active drugs. Since this is a group of drugs with diverse chemical structure and varied pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties, no single mechanism can be ascribed in each of the reported cases. This article is an attempt to discuss the available literature and probable mechanisms involved in modification of glucose homeostasis by CNS active agents and their interaction with antidiabetic drugs.


So last September, Ms. Zhang decided to take over where nature left off. She checked herself into a hospital here and a doctor cut her shinbones in two, applied a medieval-looking brace to her legs and taught her how to turn its screws so that metal pins would pull her bones apart nearly a millimeter a day, or around four-hundredths of an inch. Today, Ms. Zhang is three and a half inches taller than she was six months ago, though she can not yet walk.


Started with the research on the unification of material source and pre-stage thermal history of Tertiary sedimentary rocks, the authors firstly analyse and discuss the plaeo-geotherm and its gradient of the representative drilling well, identifies the temperature which the strata experienced at different period and the geologic factor that controls the geothermal field with fission track dating; then comprehensively analyse the plaeo-geotherm field and its history in the concerned area after restoring the sedimentary and burying history; finally proposed some suggestion for oil-gas exploration in this area and for plaeo-geothermal study method.


Abstract
Refugee healthcare professionals are a particular subset of refugees whose education and training requirements are specific to regulatory bodies in host countries. This chapter will use a UK-based organization (Refugee and Asylum Seeking Centre for Healthcare Professionals Education (REACHE) North West) as a case study to demonstrate the process of requalification, return to work, and integration. There are a variety of strands in this process which include language, clinical knowledge and practice, cultural influences, and experience of the asylum and refugee process. In this chapter, there is a model of education and training for working with refugee healthcare professionals which can be adapted to work with staff trained internationally to support the development of education and training material for successful integration into work.


Introduction: Magnetization preparation sequences provide a practical means to acquire T2-weighted images rapidly [1,2]. By scanning different parts of k space within a series of small-tip angle excitations, T2-weighted images can be acquired in less than a second. Due to this method's utility and the clinical importance of accurate T2 contrast in a T2-weighted image, the magnetization preparation sequence is now included as a stock sequence on many whole-body MR imagers. However, most implementations of magnetization preparation sequences rely on a 90x/90-x pulse pair for excitation and tip-up. Self-compensation for RF field offsets (AB1) when using this pulse pair introduces a T1 contribution into the longitudinally stored T2 contrast. This effect is inherent to all ±O/:FO magnetization preparation sequences and cannot be addressed easily using phase-cycling methods. Within a T2 measurement, the resultant T2 measurement error is greater than 5% for AB1 > 12%. With AB1 in vivo typically on the order of 15 20% [3], there is significant room for improvement in current T2-weighted magnetization preparation sequences. We have demonstrated that the implementation of relatively simple composite 90° pulses for both excitation and tip-up provides an appropriate solution to this problem. Method: T2-weighted images were acquired using the following pulse sequence. The excitation pulse was followed by a MLEV pattern of 90x18Oy90x, composite refocusing pulses [4]. The T2 contrast was then tipped up to the longitudinal axis and imaged using a spectral-spatial excitation pulse followed by a spiral readout gradient. The refocusing interval was 24 ms. T2 contrast was preserved following the preparation interval using an RF cycling scheme [5]. TR was long (4 seconds). The accuracy of the T2 contrast was evaluated using simulated and experimental T2 measurements from a MnCl2-doped water phantom (T2 = 160 ± 2 ms). The simulation is described elsewhere [4]. Experimental measurements were performed on a 1.5 T GE Signa using the body coil to transmit. T2's were calculated as a weighted-least squares fit to the mean signals within each region of interest, using T2-weighted images acquired at four echo times (TE = 11, 57, 104, and 197 ms). The echo times were shifted to account for T1 signal decay effects during each composite refocusing pulse [4]. To verify the effects of the excitation and tip-up pulses during the preparation interval, T2 error was mapped to AB1 and static field offsets (ABo) using three excitation and tip-up pulse pairs: 1) 90x excitation/90_x tip-up; 2) 45_y909O0y45x excitation/45_x90_y90_x45y tip-up; and 3) 360x270_x90y excitation/45_x90_y90_x45y tip-up. The first pulse pair represents the simplest possible sequence design and the most common one in current T2-weighted magnetization preparation sequences. The latter two designs implement relatively simple composite 90° pulse pairs which have better AB1 and/or AB0 properties than the 90x/90_ pulse pair [6]. The 45_y90x90y45x pulse compensates for AB1 at the cost of a three-fold increase in pulse duration. The 360x270_x90y pulse provides dual AB0 and AB1 compensation at the cost of an eight-fold increase in pulse duration. For comparison, T2 error mapping was also performed using a T2 measurement with the same refocusing train and data acquisition method, but without the tip-up pulse [4]. This sequence avoids the problems associated with storing T2 contrast in Mz at the cost of reduced flexibility. The effects on T2 of imperfections in the excitation pulse were addressed using RF cycling. All studies were performed over ABo0 to ±2 ppm and AB, to ±25% of the ideal RF amplitude (7Bl,nom = 616 Hz). Results: We display the maps of T2 error as contour plots (Fig. 1). Each point on these plots depicts the T2 error which results at a given ABo0 and AB1 corresponding to a voxel in the reconstructed images. 90x excite, 90x excite, no tip-up 90(x) tip-up


According to the particularities of high-rise buildings in construction quality,safety and other aspects and combined with practical experiences key points for strength control,verticality control,axis control and control of elevation line of high-rise buildings are elaborated,at the same time from two aspects,design and construction cracks' control measures are proposed for buildings.


This study examined the validity of a Chinese version of the Social Achievement Goal Orientation Scale (C-SAGOS), a measure testing the trichotomous framework of achievement goal orientations in a social domain. A total of 208 college students (51% female) aged 18 to 23 participated in the study. Factor analyses showed that the three-factor model best fits the current sample and is invariant across gender groups. Results indicate that the C-SAGOS has acceptable psychometric properties, and the framework of social achievement goal is applicable to a Chinese culture.


Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with relatively good prognosis in women, but tumor recurrence and distant metastasis is the important cause of death in patients with breast cancer[1]. Micro RNA (microRNA, miRNA) is a kind of non-coding RNA, and it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor, and plays a regulatory role of a wide variety in tumor biological behaviors[2-4]. Luo et al[5] reported that miR-14 may play the role of tumor suppressor genes and could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. There are few researches about miR-149 in the breast cancer at home and abroad, therefore, this study investigate the effects and possible mechanism of MicroRNA (miR)-149 expression and over-expression in breast cancer cells on their invasion and migration.


Background: Modifications in LMA design could alter the pressure characteristics on the pharyngeal structures resulting in sore throat and hoarseness.
Methods: We studied the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice in the first 24 hours with LMA Classic, LMA Proseal and LMA Unique in 153 adult patients posted for elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia after taking care of the confounding factors that could contribute to sore throat and hoarseness.
Results: LMA insertion was successful in first or second attempt in all patients. Mean surgical duration was 45.08 min, 51.55 min, and 51.25 min in LMA Classic, LMA Proseal and LMA Unique groups respectively. Incidence of sore throat at 6- 8h post LMA removal was 5.9%, 1.9% and 1.9%; at 18- 24h was 3.9%, 1.9% and 0% in LMA Classic, LMA Proseal and LMA Unique group respectively. Incidence of hoarseness of voice at 6- 8h was 3.9%, 0% and 9.8%; at 18- 24h was 0%, 0% and 3.9% in LMA Classic, LMA Proseal and LMA Unique group respectively. The incidence, severity of sore throat as assessed using VAS, and hoarseness of voice was comparable in all groups of patients.
Conclusions: LMA Classic, LMA Proseal or LMA Unique produces a low yet comparable incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice in the first 24 hours following general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation provided that the confounding factors are strictly identified and addressed.


The organization of the Transparent data encryption protocol designed for the data transmission via the secure «surface-to-board» channel is described in this paper. This protocol determines the place of key information generation, testing location, key information selection and change procedures while data-processing operation.


This study aims to find out how the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) snacks during the Covid-19 pandemic. Does the Covid-19 pandemic affect the continuity of the MSME Snack business? To see the performance of MSMEs is measured based on the Balance Score Card, however in this study, research is limited to only looking at the financial side (income). This study uses a qualitative method with two informants, namely dodol and snack MSMEs in Garut, West Java and kemplang (baked crackers) MSMEs in Palembang, South Sumatra. As a result, it turns out that the Covid-19 pandemic has not affected snack MSMEs. Turnover (gross income) of MSMEs snacks actually increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Anticipating the limited human travel during the Covid-19 pandemic, MSME entrepreneurs also sell through online stores and market places. However, the sales turnover is not as big as direct sales in stores. There are still more buyers who come to buy snacks at the shop.


The mural tomb found in Wangshang Village of Dengfeng is an octagonal brick tomb with one chamber, in which relatively complete murals are preserved. Because of the absence of unearthed objects, the tomb was formerly designated as a tomb of the Jin Dynasty according to the structure of the tomb, the shape as well as glaze color of the porcelain bowl, and the contents of murals. Through analyzing the distribution of murals and figures' costumes, this paper estimates that the tomb should be built at the beginning of Yuan Dynasty.


Energy security is of key importance for states and international organizations. An important issue in energy security is the assessment of current and future energy security methods. While the assessment of the current methods is relatively easy, since it is based on recent information, the assessment of the future methods is burdened with uncertainty and is therefore much more difficult. Therefore, the aim of the article is to develop a new approach for assessing current and future energy security issues based on a complex security index, supported by the computationally transparent fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method. The use of the fuzzy MCDA methods allows one to capture the uncertainty of assessments and forecasts, and the forecasts themselves were based on the Holt's method; the international energy security risk index (IESRI) was used as the source of the data to generate the forecasts. The research compared two data sources for forecasts (IESRI categories and metrics) and two methods of forecast fuzzification. As a result, the forecasted assessments and rankings of energy security for the 2020–2030 period were obtained. On the basis of these forecasts, general trends shaping energy security were also indicated.


This research investigated the English teachers' perception toward the use of authentic materials in teaching English at school. It aimed at analyzing the evolved information regarding the use of authentic materials in teaching English at school, to investigate why the English teachers use authententic materials in teaching English, and to find out significant information on any challenges of using authentic materials in teaching English. This research employed a qualitative research approach in which its data were qualitatively collected through interview and observation process. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Tapaktuan, and three English teachers of the school were chosen as participants who participated in the process of collecting data via semi-structured interview and classroom observation by taking field notes. This research found that the English teachers showed positive perceptions and awareness toward the use of authentic materials in teaching English. All of them had used authentic materials in their teaching. The reasons they used authentic materials were due to the materials are real materials, interesting materials, and enjoyable materials that could increase students' interest, motivation, and enthusiast in learning English. Besides, the majority of the teachers found some challenges in using authentic materials such as the lack of students' vocabularies mastery, technical problems, a lot of time consuming of using authentic materials, and the lack of teacher's IT skills in finding any types and sources of authentic materials.


The method of determination of serum drug concentration in phenobarbital was established.RP-HPLC was adopted for the determination.By this method,the linear ranges of PB,DPH and CBZ were 1.6~12.8 μg/mL,1.6~12.8 μg/mL and 0.8~6.4 μg/mL,respectively.The average recovery rate of PB and CBZ were 99.95% and 99.65%,respectively.The relative standard deviations(RSD) of within a day and inter-day were less than 5%.The calibration curve presented good linearity.This method was simple,economical,accurate and sensitive,and suitable for clinical application.


This paper discusses human interface between a human operator and a vision-based mobile robot used under office automation floors. First, we explain the hardware of tele-operation system of the mobile robot, and the display system of the measured information of the robot. There are many supporting poles in the under floor, and the robot should estimate the self-location according to the layout of the surrounding poles. We apply a K-means algorithm and a steady-state genetic algorithm (SSGA) for extracting poles from an image. Next, we apply the proposed method for the control of a mobile robot used under an office automation floor. Furthermore, we propose an attention mechanism to the human operator. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective To evaluate the effects of protein kinase C activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) and inhibitor staurosporine(SP) on cell adhesion of large bowel carcinoma HT-29 cells.Methods The homogeneous adhesion abilities of HT-29 cells were observed by phasecontrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,the heterogeneous adhesion were studied by means of an adherent to human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) model.Some types of adhesive molecules(E-cadherin(E-Cad),laminin receptor(LnR),α-catenin and α-catenin) expressions of cancer cells were analysised by western blot assay.Results 100 nmol/L PMA treatment for 4 hours could induce cellular morphological changes from round shape to fibroblast-like shape,the ability to shift outside from the cell-island was found.The ability of cell-cell adhesion was reduced and cell-HUVECs adhesion was increased(P0.05).However,100 nmol/L SP plus 100 nmol/L PMA treatment could induce the ability of cell-cell adhesion to increase and cell-HUVECs adhesion to decrease(P0.05).The expressions of E-Cad and LnR were much high than α-catenin and α-catenin in HT-29 cell.100 nmol/L PMA treatment for 4 hours could induce LnR expression to increase and induce the E-Cad expression to down-adjust lightly,but no effects on α-catenin and α-catenin expressions.However,SP could inhibit the effects of PMA and induce the LnR expression to decrease markedly and the E-Cad expression to up-adjust obviously,but also no clear effects on adjusting the expressions of α-catenin and α-catenin.Conclusion PMA could decrease the ability of homogeneous adhesion of HT-29 cells and increase the ability of heterogeneous adhesion of cell-HUVECs,PMA could also increase the LnR expression and decrease the E-Cad expresson of HT-29 cells.However,SP could inhibit the effects induced by PMA and induces reverse effects.The results speculate that the homogeneous adhesion and heterogeneous adhesion of HT-29 cells may be mediated by adhesive molecules E-Cad and LnR,respectively.The above effects of PMA and SP on cell adhesions may be charged of PKC.


"Xin,Da,Ya"are interpreted as "faithful,clear,literary graceful"by Chinese traditional translation theory,and are regarded as the standard of translation. But nowadays,"creative treason"becomes more and more popular. Some scholars even hold the view that translation is equivalent to creation. Faithful translation is the core of"Xin,Da,Ya",and it is the fundamental part of literature translation. But because of the untranslatability of language and culture,and the translators' cultural misunderstanding and filtering,it is inevitable to apply creative treason in the process of translation. The relationship of "Xin,Da,Ya"and "Creative Treason"is not separable and conflicting,but dual.


We propose an efficient single-photon router comprising two resonator waveguide channels coupled by several sequential cavities with embedded three-level atoms. We show that the system can operate as a perfect four-way single-photon switch. We also demonstrate that an incident single photon propagating in one of the waveguides can be routed into one or the other output channels; such routing can be controlled by the external classical electromagnetic field driving the atoms. We argue that, under appropriate conditions, the efficiency of such routing can be close to 100% within a broad operational bandwidth, suggesting various applications in photonics.


The water-soluble polysaccharide CC1-1 was separated and purified from the polysaccharides of Cordyceps militaris by the method of HPLC.The molecular structure of the CC1-1 was determined through methods of ion chromatography(IC),infrared spectrometer(IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry(NRM).The experimental results showed that the CC1-1 was an acidic polysaccharide,and consisted of D-galactopyranose,D-glucopyranose and D-mannopyranose,which were linked by β-bond at mole ratio of 1∶2.81∶1.28,respectively.There also existed the radicals of —OSO3 and C—N whose —OH formed the inner hydrogen bond in the molecule.The above results will be helpful for further investigating the pharmacological action of polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris.


We present Keck Interferometer observations of TW Hya that spatially resolve its emission at 2 μm wavelength. Analyzing these data together with existing K-band veiling and near-infrared photometric measurements, we conclude that the inner disk consists of optically thin, submicron-sized dust extending from ~4 AU to within 0.06 AU of the central star. The inner disk edge may be magnetospherically truncated. Even if we account for the presence of gas in the inner disk, these small dust grains have survival times against radiation blowout that are orders of magnitude shorter than the age of the system, suggesting continual replenishment through collisions of larger bodies.


This study aims to identify the process by which firms venture into the information, technology and communication (ICT) services global value chain and the obstacles they face. We analyse the prevailing mode of governance of the global value chain (GVC) taking into consideration the degree of complexity of transactions, the ability to codify information, customer-supplier interrelations, and suppliers' capabilities to meet buyers' demands. Our enquiry on the mode of governance could not be as precise as we might have expected. We found a group of firms in transition between captive and relational modes of governance. We identified three clusters with different strategies. We show that complexity of services is associated with the mode of governance. Low added value is associated with captive governance. Outsourcing is especially relevant in firms with captive or hierarchical governance, and a substantial part of exports are from firms with relational governance, characterised by their high capabilities, with more complex services.


The internet development brings negative effects on the undergraduates and the investigation shows that the Communist Youth League needs to expand its work and finds a new way to develop the undergraduates'thoughts.


The classic coefficient of variation (CV) is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean and can be used to compare normally distributed data with respect to their variability, this measure has been widely used in many fields. In the Social Sciences, the CV is used to evaluate demographic heterogeneity and social aggregates such as race, sex, education and others. Data of this nature are usually not normally distributed, and the distributional characteristics can vary widely. In this sense, more accurate and robust estimator variations of the classic CV are needed to give a more realistic picture of the behaviour of collected data. In this work, we empirically evaluate five measures of relative variability, including the classic CV, of finite sample sizes via Monte Carlo simulations. Our purpose is to give an insight into the behaviour of these estimators, as their performance has not previously been systematically investigated. To represent different behaviours of the data, we considered some statistical distributions -- which are frequently used to model data across various research fields. To enable comparisons, we consider parameters of these distributions that lead to a similar range of values for the CV. Our results indicate that CV estimators based on robust statistics of scale and location are more accurate and give the highest measure of efficiency. Finally, we study the stability of a robust CV estimator in psychological and genetic data and compare the results with the traditional CV.


The purpose of this research is to know the influence of receivable turnover and inventory turnover on Net Profit Margin (NPM) in the food and beverage companies listed in  IDX year 2016-2020. This research uses purposive sampling technique, so that the company sample data obtained are 8 food and beverage companies listed on IDX year 2016-2020. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the company financial statements that have been published in IDX. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using a tool in the form of IBM SPSS version 25 software. The results of this research indicate that receivable turnover and inventory turnover  partially has a negatively and significant effect on NPM, inventory turnover partially has a negatively and significant effect on NPM. Simultaneously account receivable turnover and inventory turnover have a significant influence on NPM.


CONTEXT
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 is produced in bone, and circulating levels are markedly elevated in patients with end-stage kidney disease, but the relationship between plasma levels of FGF-23 and bone histology in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between plasma levels of FGF-23 and bone histology in pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease who display biochemical evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

DESIGN
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between plasma FGF-23 levels and bone histomorphometry.

SETTING
The study was conducted in a referral center.

STUDY PARTICIPANTS
Participants consisted of forty-nine pediatric patients who were treated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis and who had serum PTH levels (1st generation Nichols assay) greater than 400 pg/ml.

INTERVENTION
There were no interventions.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Plasma FGF-23 levels and bone histomorphometry were measured.

RESULTS
No correlation existed between values of PTH and FGF-23. Bone formation rates correlated with PTH (r = 0.44; P < 0.01), but not with FGF-23. Higher FGF-23 concentrations were associated with decreased osteoid thickness (r = -0.49; P < 0.01) and shorter osteoid maturation time (r = -0.48; P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
High levels of FGF-23 are associated with improved indices of skeletal mineralization in dialyzed pediatric patients with high turnover renal osteodystrophy. Together with other biomarkers, FGF-23 measurements may indicate skeletal mineralization status in this patient population.


© Toward Robust Categorical Color Perception Giordano Beretta, Nathan Moroney, John Ludd Recker HP Laboratories HPL-2009-146 color difference; language; color naming When implementing a software service for printing on commercial presses, it may be necessary to allow a casual user to modify the color rendering to remove a colorcast. In variable data printing, colored text on a colored background may no longer readable when the colors change or the text overflows. A high dynamic range photograph may require a large gamut mapping operation. These are examples where color matching and colorimetry are not adequate and a lexical color metric is more appropriate. We report on an experiment in progress to build a color name thesaurus. In particular, since lexical color is an acquired skill varying substantially from observer to observer, we present techniques we developed to increase robustness External Posting Date: June 21, 2009 [Fulltext] Approved for External Publication Internal Posting Date: June 21, 2009 [Fulltext] To be published and presented at 11th Congress of the International Colour Association (AIC) 2009, Sydney, Australia, September 27th to October 2nd 2009. Copyright 11th Congress of the International Colour Association (AIC) 2009.


Sunspots are caused by the eruption of magnetic flux tubes through the solar photosphere: current theories of the internal magnetic field of the Sun suggest that such tubes must rise relatively unscathed from the base of the convection zone. In order to understand how the structure of the magnetic field within a buoyant flux tube affects its stability as it rises, we have considered the quasi-two-dimensional rise of isolated magnetic flux tubes through an adiabatically stratified atmosphere. The magnetic field is initially helical; we have investigated a range of initial field configurations, varying the distribution and strength of the twist of the field.


There are quasi-ideals of an ordered semigroup which cannot be expressed as an intersection of a left ideal and a right ideal. A quasi-ideal with this intersection property is called strong quasi-ideal. We show that strong quasi-simplicity is equivalent to t-simplicity of an ordered semigroup; and hence it turns out to be the case that the ordered semigroups which are complete semilattices (chains) of t-simple subsemigroups can be characterized by their strong quasi-ideals. An ordered semigroup S is complete semilattice (chain) of t-simple subsemigroups if and only if every strong quasi-ideal of S is a completely semiprime (prime) ideal. Also we introduce and characterize the minimal strong quasi-ideals.


The exchanger (1) has a set of stacked plates (2), and a sensor (20) evaluating clogging state of fluid circuits. The sensor includes an electric resistor which is thermally connected to a plate (10) located at an end of the stack. Thermocouples provided in the sensor measure temperature at close proximity of the resistor. The resistor is interposed between the plate (10) and a base (8) of the exchanger. An independent claim is also included for a method of evaluating a clogging state of a plate heat exchanger.


Five known compounds tormentic acid(1),uracil(2),skimmin(3),glycerin(4)and N (N benzoyl L phenylalanyl ) O actyl L phenylalanol(5) were isolated from Dichondra repens Forst Their structures were determined by spectral analysis These compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time


Critical reading does not receive the given text at it's the apparent worth, but engages an intense, relatively deep inspection of the argument for the possible identification of author's intended reasoning. "Reading critically" is a fairly conceptual. "Critical reading" implies teaching the students the way to think while reading. It is described as "learning to evaluate, draw inferences, and arrive at conclusions based on evidence"(Collins, 1989). Teaching critical reading is finding its way into the curriculum of English as ELT pedagogy. Martin & White (2005) advocates the efficacy of Appraisal system in developing the quality of teaching "critical reading". This study, engaging appraisal framework as a tool to enhance the teaching of reading comprehension skills, experimented 25 advanced level English language learners at International Islamic university, Islamabad. Pre-tests and post-tests in general reading and critical reading were administered in fall 2018. Critical reading tests and observation sheets were developed for the study. The comparison of pre and post evaluation of the group suggested that the use of appraisal system enhance reader's capability to understand interpersonal aspect of written text and facilitate reader's competence to decode semantics of discourse with reference to fact and opinion.


The seismic retrofit design of large cable-supported bridges in Tokyo, namely, Rainbow Bridge, Yokohama Bay Bridge, and Tsurumi Fairway Bridge, is described. The site-dependent far-field ground motion due to a possible maximum credible earthquake was calculated by using a fault rupture model together with the wave propagation technique. The nonlinear seismic responses of the bridges, including the soil-structure interaction, were computed, and it was found that all three bridges may suffer considerable damage. A careful retrofit design was prepared for the structural elements that would receive severe damage. Because large bridges are complex structural systems, an increase in the structural redundancy and the use of the fail-safe concept in the retrofit design are emphasized.


Despite diverging in sequence and size, the polypurine tract (PPT) primers of retroviruses and long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposons are accurately processed from (+) U3 RNA and DNA by their cognate reverse transcriptases (RTs). In this paper, we demonstrate that misalignment of the Ty3 retrotransposon RT on the human immunodeficiency virus-1 PPT induces imprecise removal of adjacent (+)-RNA and failure to release (+)-DNA from the primer. Based on these observations, we explored the structural basis of Ty3 PPT recognition by chemically synthesizing RNA/DNA hybrids whose (–)-DNA template was substituted with the non-hydrogen-bonding thymine isostere 2,4-difluoro-5-methylbenzene (F). We observed a consistent spatial correlation between the site of T → F substitution and enhanced ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity ∼12–13 bp downstream. In the most pronounced case, dual T → F substitution at PPT positions –1/–2 redirects RNase H cleavage almost exclusively to the novel site. The structural features of this unusual base suggest that its insertion into the Ty3 PPT (–)-DNA template weakens the duplex, inducing a destabilization that is recognized by a structural element of Ty3 RT ∼12–13 bp from its RNase H catalytic center. A likely candidate for this interaction is the thumb subdomain, whose minor groove binding tract most likely contacts the duplex. The spatial relationship derived from T → F substitution also infers that Ty3 PPT processing requires recognition of sequences in its immediate 5′ vicinity, thereby locating the RNase H catalytic center over the PPT-U3 junction, a notion strengthened by additional mutagenesis studies of this paper.


An Evaluation of Degradable Protein and Nonprotein Nitrogen on Intake and Digestion by Dohne Merino Sheep fed Wheat Straw by Joubert van Eeden Nolte Supervisor: Dr. A. V. Ferreira Co-supervisor: Dr. H. H. Koster Department: Animal Sciences University of Stellenbosch Degree: M.Sc. (Agric.) South Africa, like many other developing countries throughout the world, has a rapidly growing human population, resulting in a consequent increased demand for food. Ironically, this increased food supply has to be produced on a smaller area of available agricultural land, which means that agricultural production processes have to become more efficient. Furthermore, the majority of the people in these countries are unschooled and poverty is a common phenomenon. Therefore, animal scientists are faced with the challenge and the responsibility to provide affordable, high quality food to these people. One way of reaching this objective is to improve the utilisation of low-quality, high roughage feedstuffs like crop residues and dry natural grass pastures. In the winter rainfall area of South Africa alone, about 460 000 ha of wheat straw are annually available. The ruminant animal has the ability to utilise the relatively unavailable energy (cellulose, hemi-cellulose and pectin) in the fibre component of these low-quality forages. Unfortunately, various factors, of which a N deficiency is the pre-dominant one, limit the utilisation of these feedstuffs. If the ability of the ruminant to utilise low-quality, fibrous energy sources is improved, these abundantly available and relatively inexpensive crop residues and natural pastures can be converted into high quality protein food for human consumption. 11 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


We present further observational evidence in support of our earlier proposal for detecting the presence of the magnetic field in molecular clouds by comparing spectra of molecular ions with those of neutral molecules. The ion lines tend to be narrower and do not show the wings due to flows, when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong. We obtained spectra for the optically thin lines of the H13CN and H13CO+ species in a sample of 10 molecular clouds and found the results to be in agreement with our previous observations of the main isotopic species, HCN and HCO+, made in OMC-1, OMC-2, OMC-3, and DR 21(OH), thus eliminating the possibility of optical depth effects playing a role in the ion line narrowing. HCS+ was also detected in four of these star-forming regions. We also discuss previously published results by Benson et al. of N2H+ detections in a large sample of dark clouds. We show that the similarity in line widths between ion and neutral species in their sample is consistent with the relatively small amount of turbulence and other flows observed in these clouds.


We evaluate collection theory as the set of universal closure of sentences in a schema equation. It is not tautologous. This refutes Collection as the conjectured schema. Therefore collection theory is a non tautologous fragment of the universal logic VŁ4.


In the process of optical second-harmonic generation an X-wave, travelling at the group velocity of the fundamental frequency, spontaneously forms. Its parameters, as well as the angular spectrum, are directly correlated to the group velocity mismatch and to the wavevector mismatch between the two harmonics. A novel mechanism for spatio-temporal localized waves generation is thus proposed. ∗Electronic address: firstname.lastname@example.com


Morphologies and crystal structures of a series of even−even polyamides X 18 have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), where X varies from 2 to 12. It is shown that solution-grown crystals of these polyamides are lath-like lamellae, which consist of chain-folded hydrogen-bonded sheet. Selected-area electron diffraction reveals that both αp phase and βp phase present in these samples except for polyamide 2 18, while the latter only shows αp crystal structure. Moreover, the unit cell parameters of all polyamides under consideration are obtained based on electron diffraction and WAXD results.


This research questions the concept of hospitableness so as to specify its role and its importance in tourism consumption. It is pre-scientific in the sense that its conclusions yield questions instead of recommendations. Two literature reviews and two qualitative field researches have led first to link hospitableness to the social representation concept and then to raise questions about the richness of hospitableness as a social representation. This work draws four issues, that call for discussion and further validation.


BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis is a global problem affecting children, and its prevalence in Korea is steadily increasing. Since it is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease, caregiver management of young children's atopic dermatitis is crucial for positive treatment outcomes. A factor that contributes to adherence to recommended prescriptions is parents' self-efficacy. However, accurate measurements of parental self-efficacy in relation to disease-specific task management are scarce.

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean language version of the Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index (K-PASECI).

METHODS
One hundred twenty five mothers of children younger than 13 years old who had atopic dermatitis were recruited from three tertiary hospitals across Korea. The K-PASECI was developed in accordance with the published guidelines. Psychometric testing included factor analysis, internal consistency testing, and concurrent validity analysis by comparing K-PASECI domains with parenting self-efficacy subscales.

RESULTS
Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure that explained 69.4% of the variance. The four factors were as follows; managing a child's symptoms and behaviour, communicating with medical staff, managing medication, and using moisturizer as part of routine management. The findings showed acceptable internal consistency (α=.94) and a moderate positive correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=.48, p<.001).

CONCLUSION
The K-PASECI, a reliable and valid scale for measuring self-efficacy in parents caring for children with atopic dermatitis, may be used in clinical and research settings to measure parents' self-efficacy in Korea, as well as in other English-speaking countries.


The study scoring is one of the important considerations to evaluate sport specialized students' effectiveness.Scoring is influenced both by non-intelligence factors and the common factors,and intelligence determine the growing level of sport specialized students in company with non-intelligence factors.Sport specialized students had past the unitive test of the college entrance examination.Theoretically speaking,there is few differences between the intellectual factors on the impact of the students' study results.But their non-intelligence factors as the level of in-depth learning and the effectiveness of the manifestation of the differences between individuals is obvious.This paper attempts to use non-intelligence factors theory to discuss the problem of lacking of training on sport specialized students of non-intelligence factors and make some proposals from the discussion.


Identify risk factors associated with airway foreign bodies in children in the United States and report observed trends over time.


BACKGROUND
Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are effective for preventing unintended pregnancy. Whether patients in primary care settings receive physician counseling regarding ECPs has not been evaluated.

METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of reproductive-age women who sought care at a university-based general internal medicine clinic regarding receipt of physician counseling about ECPs, knowledge and experiences with ECPs, and attitudes toward using ECPs.

RESULTS
One hundred forty-nine women aged 18-45 completed the survey. Eighty percent of respondents (n = 119) were at risk for unintended pregnancy. Although all women in the sample had seen an internist in the previous 12 months, only 10% had received physician counseling about ECPs. There was little difference in the proportion of women who received counseling about ECPs comparing those who received care from an obstetrician/gynecologist and an internist with women who received care from an internist alone (13% vs. 8%, p = 0.529). Receipt of ECP counseling was not associated with the consistency of current contraceptive use. No women who were married or over the age of 40 were counseled about ECPs. The majority of participants (92%) had heard of ECPs, although most (54%) had learned about them through the media. Fifty-four percent of women would be likely to use ECPs to prevent unintended pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS
Only a fraction of women seeing internists for their primary care are receiving counseling about ECPs, irrespective of receiving care from an obstetrician/gynecologist. As primary care physicians, internists should determine risk for unintended pregnancy, assess patients' knowledge and attitudes toward ECPs, and provide counseling about this effective therapy.


The pursuit of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and cost‐effective perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has spawned many innovative device structure designs. Compared with the traditional NIP type PSCs, electron transport layer (ETL) free PSCs have attracted growing attention due to their enormous potential in large area, low‐cost flexible application. However, there is still a lack of in‐depth understanding of the energy level arrangement indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface, resulting in poor device performance. Here, a metal/insulator/n‐type perovskite/p‐type spiro‐MeOTAD (MINP) structure is proposed to elaborate on the influence of the apparent work function and contact barrier change of the metal–semiconductor (MS) and metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) junction on the carrier transfer and collection. Common and easily available 5‐amino‐valeric acid is inserted into the ITO/perovskite interface to form an insulating dipole layer and to ensure quasi‐ohmic contact at the front interface. Consequently, the device changes from Schottky/PN cascade heterojunction type to a single PN heterojunction device with its ideal factor decreasing from 3.35 to 2.05. Accordingly, the champion device achieves 19.37% PCE with significantly increased Voc and FF compared to the pristine device. This work provides a facile and effective method to improve the application potential of novel ETL‐free PSCs.


Building upon the audiovisual project on a Tallinn shopping mall, the article outlines the conceptual resources vital to the ethico-aesthetic agenda of sensory ethnography, and links them with the ambitions of an emerging post-humanist cinema. By doing so it tells the story of a personal struggle for the embodiment of a non-representative and objectoriented stance and challenges the main premises of humancentered observational filmmaking style. Finally, the article argues that by provoking the experience of disorientation and more-than-human closeness, sensory ethnography can contribute to the birth of a post-human awareness and an ontological reconstitution of our being-in-the-world in the Anthropocene era.


Chassis of a motor vehicle (1), comprising: two lateral sides of the side frame (2), two lateral side frame comprises a horizontal side portion (2b) for attachment at two lateral sides ( a central floor between 2) (3); means for receiving a plurality of seats (6) at least one horizontal beam (5), at least one horizontal beam is mounted on a raised central floor of the vehicle (3) ; and a housing for an energy store (4), the housing at (3a) below the central floor (3) to a horizontal main surface and the side frame (2) of the horizontal sections (2b) and the central floor (3) the main surface (3a) have a difference in height (Z). The chassis (1) comprises a plurality of connecting elements (10), these connecting elements are arranged on each side of the chassis (1) and secured to the central floor includes a flat portion (11) (3) and is fixed to the an inclined portion (12) on one end of the horizontal beam (5), the portion (12) and the inclined flat portion (11) being coupled together and formed as a single member, and the connecting element (10) by welding and correspondingly secured to the upper horizontal beam (5) and fixed to (3) to the central floor.


We address the question of description of qubit system in a formalism based on the nilpo- tent commuting η variables. In this formalism qubits exhibit properties of c omposite ob- jects being subject of the Pauli exclusion principle, but ot herwise behaving boson-like. They are not fundamental particles. In such an approach the classical limit yields the nilpo- tent mechanics. Using the space of η-wavefunctions, generalized Schrodinger equation etc. we study properties of pure qubit systems and also properties of some composed, hybrid models: fermion-qubit, boson-qubit. The fermion-qubit system can be truly supersymmetric, with both SUSY partners having identical spectra. It is new and very interesting that SUSY transformations relate here only nilpotent object. The η-eigenfunctions for the qubit-qubit system give the set of Bloch vectors as a natural basis. Then the η-formalism is applied to the description of the pure state en tanglement. Nilpotent commuting variables were firstly used in this cont ext in (A. Mandilara, et. al., Phys. Rev. A 74, 022331 (2006)), we generalize and extend approach presented there. Our main tool for study the entanglement or separability of states are Wronskians of η- functions. The known invariants and entanglement monotones for systems of n = 2,3,4 qubits are expressed in terms of the Wronskians. This approach gives criteria for sepa- rability of states and insight into the flavor of entanglemen t of the system and simplifies description.


The company Ilha do Sol Agencia de Viagens Ltda. operates in the Iguaçu National Park in Foz do Iguaçu / PR for about 30 years offering boat trips that cover the rapids of the Iguaçu. This company had until 2010 a contract with IBAMA, which managed the Conservation Unit. As of 2010, through a new contract, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation ICMBio starts to manage the National Parks, so the need specified in Public Tender arises that the company will have a Environmental Management certified EMS.Thus, the Macuco Safari tour became NBR ISO 14001 certified in 2016, and like any organization certified by the standard, there are benefits and difficulties in maintaining the system.Intrinsic to the certification is the need for SAG improvements, in this sense, this experience reports the work developed with the objective of identifying improvements in the project's Environmental Management System, aiming at fulfilling the requirements of NBR ISO: 14001: 2015, For this purpose , Participant, Bibliographic and Documentary research was carried out based on the needs presented by the management team of the existing system in the company. At the end, lowinvestment, practical actions that have the potential to improve the EMS were identified, as well as giving visibility to the company, such as: holding meetings and training, exchanging unsustainable products for sustainable products, promoting environmental campaigns and publicizing company's EMS.


Polymorphism in object-oriented languages, while increasing expressive power and reusability of code, sacrifices manifest concrete type information. In turn, application delivery suffers: lacking concrete type information, it is impossible to compile as efficiently, to check as thoroughly, and to eliminate dead code as effectively. The delivery problem exists for dynamically-typed languages like Smalltalk and, since type-declarations should be abstract, for statically-typed languages like C++.
We have designed, implemented, and evaluated an algorithm, the cartesian product algorithm, that can infer concrete types of object-oriented programs. It applies the cartesian product to break the analysis of each polymorphic send into a case analysis; each case represents a monomorphic combination of actual arguments and can be analyzed precisely. The cartesian product algorithm improves precision and efficiency over previous algorithms and deals directly with inheritance, rather than relying on a preprocessor to expand it away. Our implementation handles most of the dynamically-typed Self language, including dynamically-dispatched messages, dynamic and multiple inheritance, lexically-scoped blocks, and non-local returns, although it supports the reflective features of Self only partially.
Using the inferred concrete types, a compiler can statically bind and inline message sends, a browser can follow control-flow through message sends, an extractor can identify the essential objects for an application and discard the rest, and a checker can statically guarantee the absence of message-not-understood errors. Collaborating with other researchers, we have implemented proof-of-concept versions of these type-based application delivery tools.
Measurements indicate that type inference performs well. For example, on a 167 MHz UltraSPARC our type inferencer can analyze the DeltaBlue constraint solver in 10 seconds (DeltaBlue consists of 500 lines of source code and uses an additional 900 lines from libraries). Subsequently, our extractor takes 4 seconds to produce a shrink-wrapped DeltaBlue application comprising 350 Kb, a 96% size reduction over the original 10 Mb image. Moreover, the inferred types enable static compilation of Self program, while sustaining performance comparable to that of Holzle's state-of-the-art dynamic Self compiler. Thus, concrete type inference enables delivery of object-oriented applications.


Based on differences of labor from other factors of production and theory of value, Marxist economic theory of the source of profit holds that commodity value created by labor is the sole source of profit, its essence being "putting people first". Based on the homogeneity of various factors of production and theory of wealth, mainstream western economic theory of the source of profit deems that labor and other factors of production are the common sources of profit, its essence being "putting material first". As both theories are tenable, theories of the source of profit are in a dilemma. Profit embodies the antagonist and united relations between laborers and investors. Because the special essence of market economy in dual reproduction of utility and profit determines the necessity for the existence of profit, we cannot consider all for-profit investment activities as exploiting. In the present stage, only profit or revenue made by taking advantage of special monopolies, including through such non-labor means as taking advantage of monopolies in labor market excessively, is exploiting in nature.


Synopsis Alzheimer's disease is currently considered to be one ofthe most pervasive forms ofsenile dementia. But the acceptance of the dise as a routine cause ofwhat has generally been termed "senility," is a relatively recent occurrence. The development of conceptions not only of Alzheimer's disease, but of senile dementia in general, have shifted significantly throughout history and have been influenced as much by notions ofwhat constituted "normal aging" as by scientific research concerned with understanding ageassociated neurological diseases. This paper outlines the historical evolution of concepts of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease and suggests that the evolution of conceptions ofthe disease have been


This study investigates volatility spillovers between two stock markets, Turkish and Brazilian, located in different regions of the world. Using a misspecification robust causality-in-variance test, we found strong evidence supporting volatility spillovers from Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) to Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA). The results imply that financial crises may change the size and the direction of volatility spillovers between markets.


The goal of this study was to identify characteristics of caregivers that contribute to differences in psychological distress and physical health in family caregivers to elderly relatives. It was hypothesized that hardiness would predict caregiver's distress and physical health beyond what could be accounted for by the demands of caregiving (relative's cognitive impairment and functional/behavioral impairment, and caregiver's level of responsibility for needed care); that hardiness would decrease distress and increase physical health; and that the effect of hardiness would be mediated by appraisals of caregiving. In a sample of 53 caregivers to relatives age 65 or older, results indicated that both hardiness and appraisals predicted psychological distress (depression and life satisfaction). Neither predicted physical health. Appraisals partially explained the relationship between hardiness and psychological distress, but it appears that both general personality characteristics and situation-specific perceptions determine the impact on the caregiver.


This study explores the relationship between eight distinct brokerage roles of middle managers and their involvement in achieving different strategic goals. The authors argue that each role contributes to different aspects of middle managers' strategic goals and that some roles are more likely to realize brokerage advantages than others. They further suggest that bridging structural holes may not be an optimal strategy in all situations. Important implications of their model are discussed and several future research directions are proposed.


Extreme temperature can adversely affect the durability of asphalt. Over the last few winters Irelands weather has become more extreme with December 2010 being the coldest month recorded in the last 100 years with a mean temperature of -0.6 Celsius and a new regional minimum temperature of -18.7 deg C. Although summer temperatures generally do not exceed 25 deg C there are more instances of these higher temperatures occurring. This paper considers whether this greater range of annual temperature is a significant contributing factor to the premature failure of asphalt surfacing materials. The paper considers an investigation into the effect of temperature on the strength characteristics of a range of Irish rock types including Silurian greywacke, Tertiary basalt and Carboniferous limestone. The test temperatures assessed were -20, 20, 60 and 100 deg C. Strength was assessed using the Aggregate Impact Value test as this method is quick and simple to carry out. Post-test grading analysis was used to determine the effect that test temperature had on this measurement of aggregate strength.


The issues of multilevel training future experts for tourism industry at physical education university are reviewed. The training is based on vocational training modularity principles with step up levels. The realization of the model lets organize vocational lifelong education in the network of university complex "college-university" at the expense of rendering elementary, high, higher and postgraduate education services with issuing documents of state and determined pattern.


This work is the result of a doctoral thesis; this is the introduction of an adaptive hypermedia system in the training process of Information systems for accountant. Part of a diagnosis of this technology, from these items, defines the procedures for incorporation via the Moodle platform; adaptation criteria for the design of courses are presented; and general pedagogical guidelines for the development of courses arise. Finally, we proceed to the development of an experimental application; to assess the functionality of research results are proposed.


AbstractThe number of children with speech and language impairments (SLI) in Nigeria is unknown. Twenty four percent are affected in the U.S.A. Nigerian Speech and language pathologists (SLPs) are few hence, alternative means are required to facilitate these children. This study explores the effectiveness of informal communicative base intervention with an SLI child facilitated by her father. It aims to stimulate her speech development indirectly by modifying the manner in which her father communicates with her. Data was obtained by videotaped recordings of father child-interaction. Baseline language strategies were analyzed this was followed by six, one hour training sessions aimed at modifying Mr. A's communicative strategies to include language enhancers. A one year unsupervised intervention period followed. Mr. A. employed designated strategies with his daughter within his domestic routines. A second set of recordings were then made and analyzed to determine if the target strategies had been sustained. His daughter's speech was also reassessed. The results adduced that some of the modifications made during training were still in place by the termination of the study. The child's speech had improved appreciably. The study has significance for countries with a shortage of SLPs indicating that non-professionals with limited training, money and leisure time may be utilized in schools and homes to facilitate SLI children. It was suggested that further research explore how this informal interactive language stimulation model could be adapted to provide speech stimulation in the classroom by teachers when SLPs are absent.Keywords: father-child interaction, language intervention, SLI, Nigeria.INTRODUCTIONIn the U.S.A. SLPs serve 24% of the children in schools, 7% which have specific language impairments SLI (ASHA, 2009). About 61% of school based SLPs manage children with SLI (ASHA, 2009). The incidence of SLI in Nigerian children is unknown and SLPs very few (Abiodun et al, 2012 & Nwanze, 2012). The Nigerian educational policy embraces inclusion but there are very few SLPs to serve schools. A solution may lie in training relatives and non-professionals. Research adduced that trained parents are as effective language stimulators as are SLPs (Law et al, 2003, Balkom et al, 2010). Children appear to acquire language within the frame work of social transactions with significant others, particularly parents (Snow 1984 & Levy & Nelson 1994). The interface between the nature of parental speech to language learning children and the quality of the child's subsequent output has been examined. Enhancing features of in-put language to children are as follows. Commenting on their child's line of regard along with simplified redundant speech and an interrogative mode of communication. An authoritarian communicative mode has been related to slower language development (Petersen & Sherrod 1982; Noel et al, 2008 & Lee et al, 2010). Parent- based intervention packages for children with SLI have drawn on this information. Fey et al (2003) indicated the need for language stimulation within a conversational context. Tomkins & Jeffrey (2011) found that when prompted by their mothers, the narrative produced by SLI children was more elaborate than that produced when prompted by a professional. Allen & Marshall (2011) utilized a conversational model with parents to stimulate language in SLI children. These parents maintained the target strategies 4 months after training had terminated, with significant improvements in their children's speech. Nwanze (2012) also reported sustained modifications in the elocutionary force of mothers trained to stimulate speech in SLI children with significant outcomes. Fathers are underrepresented as participants in most parent intervention models, giving this study relevance (Porter, 1995; Flippin & Crais, 2011). It is peculiar in Nigeria for a father to be his child's primary caregiver, even as a single parent. …


A split-anion solvent extraction process was developed for the separation of precious metal ions Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(II) and Rh(III) from aqueous chloride media using water-saturated ionic liquids. The metal extraction and stripping behavior of the chloride form [A336][Cl], bromide form [A336][Br] and the iodide form [A336][I] of the quaternary ammonium ionic liquid Aliquat 336 were compared. The three ionic liquids extracted Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) quantitatively in most cases, whereas the co-extraction of Rh(III) was strongly dependent on the acidity and the chloride concentration. Among the studied ionic liquids, [A336][I] achieved the highest separation factors between Pd(II)/Rh(III), Pt(IV)/Rh(III), and Au(III)/Rh(III) at 6 mol L−1 Cl−. Additionally, the selective stripping of the individual metal ions Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) was only possible from loaded [A336][I] using ammonia solution (NH4OH), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), and thiourea ((NH2)2CS), respectively. A closed-loop flow sheet was designed for the recovery of the precious metals from chloride media using split-anion extraction with [A336][I]. The integrated process was demonstrated to be suitable for the purification of Rh(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from a complex metal feed such as the leachate of spent automotive catalysts. The ionic liquid-based split-anion extraction process is simple, selective and effective for the sustainable separation of the precious metals, using only one green extractant [A336][I], which can be regenerated for consecutive extraction-stripping cycles.


Using a novel three‐pulse technique, essential information about the density, optical effective mass, and kinetics of laser‐generated plasmas in silicon has been obtained.


This study presents punching shear behavior of two-way slabs strengthened with prestressed or non-prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Four two-way slabs (2360 × 2360 × 150 mm3) with a steel reinforcement ratio of 1.44% are tested under concentric load. All slabs exhibit a punching shear failure mode. The strengthened slabs show an increase of up to approximately 20% in load-carrying capacity and an increase of up to 25% in cracking load with respect to the unstrengthened control slab. A detailed stress analysis in reinforcement is conducted along the loading span of the slabs, including the critical shear perimeter surrounding the column stub. The effective strain zone near the slab—column connection, where a sudden increase of strains in the reinforcement is observed, is also studied. The development of shear stresses in the vicinity of the slab—column connection is examined. A non-linear 3D finite element analysis is conducted and analytical predictive models for the punching shear failure are evaluated as well.


India has had a long fascination for the story of Devdas (1917). This tragic novella created by the Bengali author Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has always evoked dominant emotions of pity and sympathy. The story has been made into countless movies and newer versions never seem to stop. The story of this doomed love has gained an iconic status and identification in India, equivalent to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, and Devdas's character is recognized as a popular young tragic hero like Romeo. The tragic hero derives from the Greek drama, as elucidated by the criticism of Aristotle in particular. The fourth century Greek philosopher defined tragedy in his Poetics, and laid forth a blueprint for what he saw to work as the perfect, successful tragedy and what makes an ideal tragic hero. In his work Aristotle gives some criteria and specific characteristics that the tragic hero in a successful tragedy should meet. In this paper the character points and the specific characteristics of the hero will be discussed for the case of Devdas, to prove that the character of Devdas in the novella matches the archetype of the tragic hero introduced by Aristotle in his famous literary work Poetics.


ABSTRACT The egg, larval, and pupal stages of the plusiine moth Autographa pseudogamma (Grote, 1875) are discussed and illustrated based on a laboratory iso-female rearing of a wild moth collected near Big Sky, Montana, in mid-July 2016. Eggs, larval coloration and pattern, and pupae are very similar to those already known from close relatives in the genus Autographa Hübner, [1821]. DNA sequence data from the COI barcode region were used to generate a phylogenetic tree showing the position of A. pseudogamma amongst other North American members of the genus and to help confirm the identification of field-collected moths. Genetic analyses indicate that A. pseudogamma is most closely related to A. sansoni Dod, 1910, contrary to relationships previously generated based on morphology.


In this paper,we introduces a gradient filter arithmetic based on major filter In order to improve quality of image transportation,also introduces the principle and applied effect of the arithmetic.


Evaluation of the resilient modulus of granular material as used in design and structural evaluation of flexible pavements is addressed. It is shown that the well-known equation relating the modulus to the sum of principal stresses does not properly describe granular behavior: the predicted response is not compatible with laboratory test results that show a strong dependence of the modulus on the stress ratio from which the equation is derived. A general law that includes the effects of shear strains is shown to be in good agreement with test results. The response of nonlinear materials is sensitive to their state of stress during loading. A literature review covers case histories of full-scale retaining wall models with compacted backfill, where residual stresses induced by compaction were measured. A proposed theory based on limit equilibrium is reported to give good estimates of residual stresses. It is found that granular base and subbase materials, compacted with heavy rollers, may develop relatively high residual horizontal stresses. The general law for characterizing granular materials is used with different postulated residual stresses in pavement analyses. The results obtained appear to be in good agreement with all aspects of granular material behavior, provided that a residual stress of the order of 1 to 2 psi is assumed to be induced by compaction.


From the "Fifth" we've been invited To talk long about the tiple And each one started telling  His own feelings and his thoughts; If you really want to know, That's what I said right away About my wanderings with it Through sixty Aprils, even more.


The University of Melbourne actively supports the development of initiatives that provide students with a range of learning opportunities which embrace electronic technologies. This paper reports on the development and implementation of FLIP ‐ a studentcentred online flexible learning environment that supports and enhances lectures and tutorials, and can readily be adapted to individual subject requirements. FLIP was adapted from a pedagogical and technical framework (OCCA), and developed to support Bachelor of Early Childhood Studies students' understanding of concepts related to physical development. The site maintains progressive summaries of student work completed, ongoing evaluation, feedback in the form of annotations by tutors, and subject overviews containing status of submissions and messages from tutors. Students work individually and in groups to undertake a range of learning activities combining online structured tasks, reflective activities, collaboration, and tutor feedback. Tutors are able to access a selection of pages providing optimised summaries of students' responses. In addition, they are able to adapt learning materials in response to observed student needs and annotate student work online. This paper summarises the development of FLIP and describes the learning and teaching features from the perspectives of students and tutors. Background


Accepted 29 March 1996 A 56-year-old man was admitted to his local hospital complaining of pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. He was known to the regional renal unit with stable chronic renal failure of unknown aetiology (bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound examination) and hypertension. Two months before admission his creatinine had been 775 ,umol/l and serum potassium 5.6 mmol/l. He was taking the following medication: erythropoietin, alfacalcidol, calcium carbonate, isosorbide mononitrate, aspirin and atenolol. Pulmonary embolism was felt to be the most likely diagnosis and he was commenced on intravenous heparin at 1000 units/h after a bolus dose of 5000 units. This was continued during his 10 days in hospital. A 'renal' diet was ordered. Serum potassium and creatinine during his admission are shown in the table. He received three doses of a potassium exchange resin (Calcium resonium) on day three, this was repeated on day eight. Fluid intake and urine output were good throughout the hospital stay.


The microstructures of Cu/diamond interfaces prepared by surface-activated bonding at room temperature are examined by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A crystallin...


The present invention provides a light emitting diode package including: a package mold having a first cavity and a second cavity with a smaller size than that of the first cavity; first and second electrode pads arranged on the bottom surfaces of the first cavity and the second cavity, respectively; an LED chip mounted on the first electrode pad; a wire for providing electrical connection between the LED chip and the second electrode pad; and a molding material filled within the first cavity and the second cavity.


Objective:To explore the influence of high dose flush fluid on pulmonary function and blood gas indexes of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anesthesia.Methods:A total of 86patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy underwent general anesthesia in our hospital from June 2011to May 2013were selected as research object,and they were divided into control group(routine dose group)and observation group(high dose group)by half according to the dose of flush fluid.Pulmonary function and blood gas analysis indexes of two groups before the operation and at 2hand 12hafter the operation were compared.Results:The pulmonary function and blood gas analysis of observation group at 2h and 12hafter the operation were all worse than those of control group,those detection indexes of observation group at 2hafter the operation were worse than those at 12hafter the operation and those before the operation(all P0.05).Conclusion:High dose flush fluid has great effect on the pulmonary function and blood gas analysis of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anesthesia,so its dose should be effectively controlled.


AbstractIn a study of tooth cleaning, photographic techniques are used to assess the performance of toothpastes and to study brushing habits. Intra-oral camera sysems have been developed as well as methods for evaluating the photographs.


The anomeric effect associated with the nitrogen atom in the isocyano group was investigated by using 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis of an anomeric pair of xylopyranosyl isocyanides 8 and 7. We found that β-anomer 7 prefers to exist in the 1 C 4 conformation in which the nitrogen atom in the isocyano group adopts an axial orientation. This observation, coupled with the results of X-ray crystallographic analysis establishes that the nitrogen atom in the isocyano group displays the anomeric effect. Furthermore, xylopyranosyl isocyanides 8 and 7 were transformed into the corresponding xylopyranosyl ureas 10 and 11. In the case of the urea group, a normal sterically determined preference is observed in which the bulky urea substituents at the pyranose anomeric position occupy the equatorial position.


In computational vision, visual tracking remains one of the most challenging problems due to noise, clutter, occlusion, and dynamic scenes. No one technique has yet managed to solve this problem completely, but those that employ control- theoretic filtering techniques have proven to be quite successful. In this work, we extend one such technique by Niethammer et al. in which implicitly represented dynamically evolving contours are filtered using a geometric observer framework. The effectiveness of the observer hangs upon the solution of two major problems: (1) the calculation of accurate curve velocities and (2) the determination of diffeomorphic correspondence maps between curves for geometric interpolation. We propose the use of novel image registration techniques such as image warping and optimal mass transport for the solution of these problems which increase the performance of the framework and reduce algorithmic complexity. One major drawback to the original scheme, as it relies on PDE solutions, is its computational burden restricting it from real time use. We show that the framework can, in fact, run in near real time by implementing our additions to the framework on the graphics processing unit (GPU) and show better execution times for these algorithms than reported in recent literature.


"Life·Practice"pedagogy provides counter-measures to the major malpractices in current education.Firstly,it gives prominence to enlightenment as the ultimate goal of education by putting forward the idea of "teaching about the heaven,the earth,men and all things in the world,and cultivating life consciousness".Secondly,it highlights the interwoven nature of "teaching"and"learning".Lastly,"Life·Practice";pedagogy brings changes to school life.


One method of river closure is by end-dumping loose rockfill from one or both banks progressively into the flow. Determination of stable closure material size by correlation with either mean velocity through the gap or velocity near the boundary as done in the past is not realistic. In this study the closure material stability is defined numerically by a parameter efficiency of closure material, which denotes the ratio of the volume of the material remaining in the body of the dam to the volume dumped at any stage. Analysis of all the relevant parameters indicated the Froude number of approach flow, the contraction ratio, the ratio of the closure material size to the approach flow depth and the efficiency of closure material to be the essential inter-related nondimensional variables describing stability. The functional relationship was established by the results of a laboratory study and practical design curves to directly determine the stable size of closure material, are presented.


New μSR measurements of Ho‐ion dynamics in HoxLu1−xRh4B4 are reported for x=0.02 and 0.005. These compounds are superconducting below Tc≂11 K. The measured concentration dependence of the Ho3+ spin‐lattice relaxation rate Γ0 is consistent with single‐ion, conduction electron scattering (the Korringa mechanism) as the dominant process. Above about 10 K, Γ0 is activated with an energy of 66 K, about 1/2 of the overall crystal‐field splitting. Below about 10 K (in the superconducting state) a more gradual temperature dependence is observed, as reported previously for x=0.70 and x=0.02. This temperature dependence is not consistent with the usual exponential decay in the superconducting state. Using a model of conduction‐electron‐exchange scattering which includes the full crystal‐field potentials, we show that a reasonably quantitative understanding of the overall temperature dependence can be achieved.


DR MIKIO SHODA, the director of the Institute of Snow and Ice Studies, Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, died suddenly at Nagano City on 9 June 1974. Two days before his death he had climbed Mt. Goryu and Mt. Happo-one to advise on the construction of avalanche prevention structures at these famous ski areas in central Japan. On his return to Nagano City, the usually vigorous and active snow scientist experienced an onset of extraordinary fatigue which was soon followed by a fatal heart attack. Mikio Shoda was born in Tokyo on 27 February 1924 to an old Japanese family prominent in the national affairs of that country. H e graduated from Hokkaido University on 30 September 1946, where he studied quantum mechanics and at the same time developed his life-long love for snow and snow crystals. Following the late Professor Ukichiro Nakaya's advice, the young Shod a found a post at the Technical R esearch Institute of the Japanese National Railway in Tokyo. When a small experimental station for snow studies was established at Shiozawa, Niigata Prefecture, h e became the chief scientist and b egan his life-long study of snow. At that time the National Railway was undertaking the electrification of the rail lines in the heavy snowfall regions of Japan. Little was known about the effects of wet


This article examines the new content of profit in the socialist economy; the place of profit in the system of economic categories of socialism; shortcomings which restrict the possibilities of using the index of profitability; and ways of enhancing the role of profit as a means for improving the operation of socialist enterprises.


The major instability problem in Nb3Sn ribbon superconductors is known to be due to flux jumps caused by magnetic field components perpendicular to the face of the ribbons (H$$_\perp$$). Likewise, techniques which are intended to prevent this instability are also well known and include (1) reducing the width of the ribbon, (2) using low current rated material in regions of large H$$_\perp$$), (3) paralleling the ribbon with good electrical conducting material, and (4) providing as much cooling as possible. The decision, in 1968, to employ Nb3Sn ribbon in IMP, a large plasma physics research facility, was made without full knowledge of how bad the instability really was. While difficult force problems and machining and assembly problems were being solved, experiments were performed to determine the best way to reach the IMP quadrupole design point. The stability question was answered by performing experiments with relatively large test coils called ''cusp coils'' which showed that stabilization could be achieved by cowinding 0.006 in. aluminum ribbon along with the Nb3Sn ribbon


The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical data and analyze the effect of the teaching methods and the motivation to learn through the reading skills of students overall population of class X SMA and SMA Kharismawita Mother bladder. Total sample of 30 students, or 20-25% of the population. The samples were divided into 2 groups, the first group of 30 students taught using Contextual Teaching and Learning Motivation and 30 students taught by conventional methods. This research was conducted with descriptive statistics, test Liliefors as normality test, Barlett as the homogeneity test, and ANOVAdua direction as hypothesis testing. The collection of data to test reading skills through field tests and as many as 20 multiple-choice questions, and tests for learning motivation through a questionnaire of 20 items was given to class X SMA and SMA Kharismawita Mother Bladder South Jakarta. The results of this study there was no significant interactive effect between teaching methods and motivation to learn through the reading skills of students (0755> 0:05). Keywords: reading skills, Methods of Teaching, Learning Motivation