An efficient mode decision and motion search algorithm for H.264 inter-coding is proposed in this paper.The multi-resolution motion estimation scheme and an efficient rate-distortion model are adopted with early termination rules to accelerate the search process.Using the new method,the complexity of computation involved in motion estimation can be reduced sharply.Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can make the video coding process speed up by ranging from 60 to 120 times compared to full-search algorithm while the quality of video image degrade little.


A photocatalytic hydroaminomethylation of olefins with N-protected aminomethyltrifluoroborates has been developed. This methodology provides a new strategy for the introduction of a primary aminomethyl group onto electron-deficient CC bonds. This reaction constitutes a facile entry into synthetically useful γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives such as baclofen.


The increased need for speed and precision in a variety of communication networks has spurred the quest to develop high-speed, high-capacity, packet-switched, all-optical fiber networks. Networks face bottlenecks, among them the slowness of electronic switches. In a project that started in 1994, Micron Optics, Inc., a small company from Atlanta, GA, was awarded funds by the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) to develop the technology to increase the speed and accuracy of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters (FFP-TF) using ferroelectric liquid crystals. Although Micron Optics was unable to accomplish this goal, the company was able to miniaturize the FFP-TF, and this improved device is currently being used in the mechanical sensing, optical performance, and test equipment markets.


This research provides an overview of tax avoidance practices in public companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The factors studied included CSR disclosure quality, management compensation, capital intensity and financial distress. A total of 198 firm years from the 2018 to 2020 financial statements. The results show that CSR disclosure quality, management compensation, capital intensity, and company size (control variable) have a positive effect on tax avoidance. However, financial distress has no effect on tax avoidance


The content of cholesterol oxides (COPs) in foods varies between 0.1 and 294.3 mg/g. These oxides are formed by auto-oxidative enzymatic processes promoted by the heat treatment of food and/or to exposition of them to the presence of oxygen and sunlight during storage. Their importance is that they are associated with pathological processes like apoptosis, dyslipidemia and pro-oxidative states, among others. The objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, by means MTT assay, of 7-keto cholesterol (7KC), cholestane-triol (Triol), α-epoxy cholesterol (α-epoxy C), β-epoxy cholesterol (β-epoxy C) in differentiated Caco-2 cells at 120μM for 24, 48 and 72h.Triol was the most cytotoxic COP, with a percentage of cell viability among 3.2 to 3.4 at all times studied. The β-epoxy C and 7KC showed similar percentages from 65.4 to 6.9 and 67.4 to 6.5, respectively. The α-epoxy C was the least cytotoxic (83.3 to 48.7% of cell viability).COPs in the study conditions, showed a cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells due to disruption of the integrity of mitochondrial function, being the most toxic compound the triol.


Minimal Access approaches have become established in nearly all fields of surgery, gastroenterology and cardiology because of obvious advantages to the patients. The cardinal benefits include-significantly less post-operative pain, reduced requirement of postoperative analgesia, decreased hospitalization and earlier return to normal activities. Following the development of laparoscopy to treat benign surgical diseases, its role has expanded lately for the surgical management of malignancies. The use of laparoscopy in cancer patients is the subject of increasing excitement and controversy. The issues of safety of laparoscopic procedures in cancer patients have been debated and some settled (port site recurrence). Carcinoma of the gallbladder is a highly fatal disease with a overall 5-year survival rate of 5 percent -10 percent. The mainstay of therapy for gallbladder cancer (GBC) is conventional surgery. Incidental GBC has been reported following laparoscopic/open cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be therapeutic in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer of early stage (T1a). However gallbladder cancer beyond Stage 1a i.e. Ib, II, III and IV all require completion conventional surgery in the form of liver resection of segment IV and V with portal lymphadenectomy. The role of laparoscopy in the management of GBC is largely diagnostic. The diagnostic laparoscopy is being increasingly used in patients with known or highly suspected GBC to assess the resectability, staging and avoiding unnecessary laparotomy in inoperable cases.


Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is highly prevalent in athletes of all abilities and can impact on their health and performance. The majority of athletes with exertional dyspnoea will be initially assessed and managed in primary care. This report provides a practical and pragmatic approach to the assessment and management of a young athlete presenting with suspected EIB in this setting.


The COVID-19 pandemic brought into focus the crucial role of computational modeling and simulation in informing and/or advising governments and societies, demonstrating the profound influence that modelers can have, particularly in times of crisis. This global experience has (re)shaped political and public demands on science and technology and the ways in which we incorporate scientific findings in our everyday lives. Through a brief review of models developed for COVID-19, this paper discusses the urgent need to move towards 'responsible modeling' in which social, ethical, and cultural issues claim the same importance as technical aspects. This includes a new social contract between modeler and society on one hand, and science and policy on the other hand. The characteristics of modeling work under this new paradigm, however, are still not well understood and are a topic of debate. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a new research agenda that can facilitate the discussion about 'responsible modeling' and the overarching principles that underpin the concept's aims and objectives.


Techniques of computer graphics are used in various flelds; education, business, science and so on. It is di‐cult to edit a conventional manual about the computer graphics related with texts and pictures. We developed a system to make students understand the complicated concepts of computer graphics through a screen aided by themanual. Thecomputernetworkisexpectedtocommunicatewithmanydistributed peoplebytexts,pictures,sounds,etc.throughtheWorldWideWeb(WWW)[2]. JAVA [5] is one of such utilities to help the virtual machine environment on WWW that can manage computer network accessibility. In order to teach computer graphics at the departmentofcomputersciences,alocalnetworkisappliedas similarasInternet.


Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly recurrent malignancy occurring among adolescents. The goal of this research was to scrutinize the role and action mechanism of KLF3‐AS1 in OS.


Hosted within the late-Yanshanian Anjiayingzi monogranite, the Anjiayingzi gold deposit is controlled by NNE-trending faults and is characterized by altered-desseminated-type mineralization. Fluid inclusion investigations indicate that mineralizing fluid of the deposit is dominated by a CO2-H2O-NaCl-KCl system, with δD and δ18OH2O ranging from -80.0--96. 5 and 4. 5-5. 7‰, respectively, which is of a feature of magmatic source, probably from the Anjiayingzi granite. The gold mineralization can be subdivided into four stages, of which fluid inclusions have homogeneous temperatures of 340-360℃, 315-330℃, 245-285℃, and 150-170℃, respectively, with relatively lower CO2 densities and salinities of 3. 80-6. 20 wt% , 3. 5-4. 5 wt% , and 2. 0 wt% . Of the gaseous phases, the ratio of (CH4+CO)/CO2 is less than 0. 1, indicative of a weak deoxidization mineralizing condition, whereas among the liquid phases, K+ and Na+ contents are relatively high, with K+Na+ , which is favorable to form alkalic metasomatic-type mineralization. According to data obtained from CO2-type inclusions, calculated mineralizing pressure is 500-750×10 Pa, equivalent to a depth of 2. 0-2. 5 km beneath the earth's surface. The gold mineralization was controlled by water-rock reaction, immiscibility of CO2 and H2O-NaCl solutions, and decrease of sulfur concentration. Of these, the water/rock reaction is the most important one, which probably occurred during the whole metallogenic process, controlling changing of the primary mineralizing fluid from weak acid to weak alkaline in composition, and led to metasomatic metallogeny.


The present invention discloses a kind of porous particles of graphene coating material and method. Using the active metal in situ reduction of graphene oxide, the graphene oxide is achieved in an aqueous solution of graphene oxide while achieving partial reduction of particulate coating material, the coated material is a metal alloy particles and silicon ( such as aluminum, magnesium, iron, nickel, silicon alloy), and a metal element capable of reducing the graphene oxide; selectively etching through to the alloying metal alloy particles coated with graphene, the particulate material is achieved porous. The method of the invention is obtained graphene-coated porous silicon structure which not only avoids direct contact with the electrolyte to silicon, but also increase the conductivity of a silicon material, to avoid excessive formation of a solid electrolyte membrane, thereby improving the electrochemical true performance.


The incoherent emission from an undulating electron beam in the presence of metallic boundaries is analyzed. A general method of solving Maxwell's equations is used to express the field of a single particle in terms of vector waveguide modes. It is shown that the radiation characteristics depend upon a parameter involving the energy wiggler wavelength, and the waveguide transverse dimension. At some values of this parameter the energy spectrum and angular distribution will differ significantly from the analogous free-space results. The amount of energy emitted into resonator modes is also analyzed in terms of a similar expansion.


A compact wideband bandpass filter is presented in this paper. By loading the short-ended parallel-coupled-line-stub (PCLS) at the center of the uniform-impedance half-wavelength line, the tri-mode resonator is realized. Two transmission zeros, due to the PCLS, are generated at the lower and upper cut-off frequencies and sharp selectivity can be obtained. The short-ended PCLS resonator is theoretically analyzed and applied to design a bandpass filter with fractional bandwidths 45%, good in-band return loss (>12.2dB) and low insertion loss (0.9dB at the center frequency 4.0GHz).


This essay is concerned with what Lacan meant by the primacy of the signifier or 'the incessant sliding of the signified under the...


With the development of credit card market in China,consume behavior of risk prediction of credit card has been an important research area.BP algorithm is often used to solve the risk prediction problem,but it has some disadvantage,such as easily trapped into local minima value,slowly convergence,these limitations would effect risk prediction.In this paper,the author proposed a mixed BP neural network algorithm,based on BP neural network algorithm,it optimized by GA.Finally,this paper proved that the mixed algorithm is better than BP through data set test,and it could improve the test rate and correct rate of credit card consume behavior risk prediction.


Excerpt To the Editor:Hahn and colleagues (1) on the doctor-patient-family relationship are to be commended for acknowledging and discussing the dysfunctional situations that may underlie the behav...


It is often asserted in the literature that any theorem which can be proved using nonstandard analysis can also be proved without it. The purpose of this paper is to show that this assertion is wrong, and in fact there are theorems which can be proved with nonstandard analysis but cannot be proved without it. There is currently a great deal of confusion among mathematicians because the above assertion can be interpreted in two different ways. First, there is the following correct statement: any theorem which can be proved using nonstandard analysis can be proved in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with choice, ZFC, and thus is acceptable by contemporary standards as a theorem in mathematics. Second, there is the erroneous conclusion drawn by skeptics: any theorem which can be proved using nonstandard analysis can be proved without it, and thus there is no need for nonstandard analysis. The reason for this confusion is that the set of principles which are accepted by current mathematics, namely ZFC, is much stronger than the set of principles which are actually used in mathematical practice. It has been observed (see [F] and [S]) that almost all results in classical mathematics use methods available in second order arithmetic with appropriate comprehension and choice axiom schemes.


ABSTRACT Aulia, Alfin Rizqi. 2019. The Effectiveness of Project Based Learning to Teach Writing for Descriptive Text by Using Pictures of Famous People. IAIN Salatiga. Academic year 2018/2019. A graduating paper. English Education Departement. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga. Counselor: Dr. Sa'adi, M. Ag. Keywords: Project Based Learning, Writing, Picture This research focuses on the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning to teach writing skills for eighth year students of SMP Negeri 1 Kedungjati. The objectives of the research are: (1) To find out whether there is difference between using project based learning and those who are not using project based learning approach. (2) To find out the effectiveness of using project based learning approach in improving students' writing skill. This research is quasi experimental research. The technique of collecting data are test and documentation. There are two kinds of test which were used, those were pre-test and post-test. The subjects of this research are experiment class and control class of the eighth grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Kedungjati. It consist of 64 students. The data uses t-test formula by comparing the mean score of pre- and post-test from both groups. The significance level sets up 5%. The result of the research shows that, first, the students' profile are different before and after implementing Project Based Learning. The mean of pre-test is 62.37 while the mean of post-test is 75.87. The difference between pre- and post-test mean is 13.50. Second, the result shows that t-test (to) 8.59 was higher than t-table (tt) 2.04 with the degree of freedom (df) 31. Therefore, there is significance difference after implementing Project Based Learning toward students' writing skill in descriptive text. Moreover, the effect size of experiment group is 1.41 which shows that using Project Based Learning give strong effect on students' writing skill in descriptive text.


Older drivers have a high traffic crash rate. One factor that has consistently been reported as contributing to this problem is that of drivers failing to see and obey traffic signs in time. Researchers have attempted to determine the characteristics of traffic sign design that might improve their visibility and legibility, particularly for older drivers. However, much of this research has been laboratory-based or has employed simplistic on-road measurement techniques, which may not take into account the complexity of the normal driving environment. In response, the current study aimed to develop and apply a technique for the measurement of traffic sign recognition and legibility distances in an open road environment for participants of different ages and ocular status. Three studies were conducted as part of this project.

Study 1 was undertaken in order to develop a simple and inexpensive technique for the measurement of on-road traffic sign legibility distances.

The system was shown to have better than 90 percent accuracy for legibility distances up to 175m, and measurements between experimenters were consistent. The system was also easy to use and economical. This measurement system was utilised in all subsequent studies.

Study 2 was designed to investigate differences in the traffic sign legibility distances of participants acting as drivers and passengers on a closed road circuit. This study was undertaken as participants were required to act as passengers and not drivers in open road experiments due to safety issues. Eighteen participants were divided into a young, middle-aged and older group. Sign legibility distances were determined for driver and passenger runs. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the traffic sign legibility distances of participants acting as drivers or passengers. The results supported the use of participants as passengers in Study 3.

Study 3 was undertaken on the open road to investigate the effect of age and ocular status on traffic sign detection under day and night-time conditions. Thirty-nine participants were divided into five groups: young, middle-aged and older groups with normal vision and two older groups with ocular disease (cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)). Each participant undertook a series of vision assessments. On-road traffic sign recognition and legibility distances were also determined under high and low illumination conditions. Results showed that recognition and legibility distances were greater under high compared to low illumination. Although age was not significantly related to the traffic sign measures, there was a trend showing poorer performance with increasing age. The presence of ocular disease, however, did result in significantly reduced recognition and legibility distance performance, particularly for individuals with ARMD. Guide signs had the highest recognition and longest legibility distances of all sign categories while street signs showed the poorest recognition. The obtained traffic sign legibility distances were less than the predicted sign design distances used by road authorities for all of the participant groups except the young visually normal group. The greatest differences between the obtained and design distances were found among participants with ocular disease, especially those with ARMD. Of the vision measures investigated, high and low contrast static acuity, static visual fields and contrast sensitivity were the most highly correlated with sign detection. These four vision tests increased the prediction of sign recognition and legibility distances when compared to high contrast static visual acuity alone.

This research has shown that the on-road measurement of traffic sign recognition and legibility distances can be successfully achieved through a simple measurement technique. Low illumination and the presence of ocular disease appear to be influential in traffic sign recognition and legibility distances. The project has highlighted that the traffic sign designs currently used on the road system do not take into account the range of visual abilities possessed by all drivers. Such information provides a basis for further research into the improvement of traffic sign design in order to provide a safer road environment for all segments of the driving population.


In this work, we discuss a new method for calculation of extremal eigenvectors and eigenvalues in systems or regions of parameter space where direct calculation is problematic. This technique relies on the analytic continuation of the power series expansion for the eigenvector around a point in the complex plane. We start this document by introducing the background material relevant to understand the basics of quantum mechanics and quantum field theories on the lattice, how we perform our numerical simulations, and how this relates to the nuclear physics we probe. We then move to the mathematical formalism of the eigenvector continuation, which is rooted in analytic function theory and linear algebra. We then discuss how these techniques are implemented numerically, with a discussion about the computational costs. Finally, we discuss applications of this method to full, quantum many-body systems. These include neutron matter, the Bose-Hubbard model, the Lipkin model, and the Coulomb interaction in light nuclei with LO chiral forces. These systems cover two categories of interest to the field: systems with a substantial sign problem, or systems that exhibit quantum phase transitions.


A heated fuel intake system for an internal combustion engine for introducing warmed air to the engine and air to a fuel supply circuit in a carburetor comprises a heat stove from which the warmed air is introduced into an air cleaner to heat the air to a temperature equal to or higher than a first predetermined temperature. The introduction of the warmed air from the heat stove is interrupted by a first valve unit when the temperature of the air to be fed to the engine has exceeded the temperature equal to or higher than the first predetermined temperature. The introduction of the warmed air into the air cleaner is again initiated when the temperature of the air inside the air cleaner becomes a value equal to a second predetermined temperature higher than the first predetermined temperature and, simultaneously therewith, an air-fuel ratio leaner is operated to introduce an additional air to compensate for the increased richness of the combustible mixture.


Among the woody and shrubby weeds colonising non-crop areas in the Apulia Region (South Italy), Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven), an exotic invasive species, is one of the worst, because of its fast growth and root-sucker production. It reaches the heart of protected areas and spreads everywhere in urban and peri-urban areas creating dense stands. As there are no official monitoring protocols for weed mapping, a method based on real-time global positioning system (GPS) on satellite maps was set up. Due to this method, the distribution, spread, size, density and harmfulness of A. altissima were assessed across the wide urban area of Bari (South Italy) by mapping all the individual plants and areas/stands of plants. In Bari, along a total of 76 km of roads mapped, 170 very large (diameter >18 cm), 231 large (diameter 8–18 cm), 130 medium (diameter 3–8 cm), 53 small (diameter < 3 cm) single plants, and 70 high, 63 medium and 13 low density areas were detected. This indicated that A. altissima (tree of heaven) was very widespread in the study area. Moreover, 35 types of damage or potential risks were recorded covering functional, environmental, health and safety and aesthetic aspects and then classified according to frequency and location. The real-time GPS method proved to be very useful for providing a speedy and accurate record of the data.


The kinetics of the reaction of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine (1) with meta- and para-substituted anilines (2a–j) to give 2-anilino-3,5-dinitropyridine derivatives (3a–j) were studied in methanol at different temperatures. IR studies of the products (3a–j) indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding between N—H and an o-nitro group, and UV spectra showed a red shift resulting from the interaction between an amino group and aza and nitro groups. A plot of ΔH‡ versus ΔS‡ gave a good straight line with a 324 °C isokinetic temperature. Good linear relationships were obtained from plots of log k2 against σ values at all temperatures with relatively large negative ρ values (−3.75 to −3.16) indicating the formation of a Meisenheimer σ-complex intermediate. Plots of log k2 against pKa values (β = 0.85) gave good straight lines at 25 °C, except for 2f (4-COCH3), indicating that the reactions involve a significant bond formation in the transition state. An SNAr mechanism is suggested to proceed via two stages, with the first being rate determining. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Two coordination polymers with 3D supramolecular network, {[Zn(L)(bpa) 0.5 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2.25H 2 O} n ( 1 ) and {[Cd(L)(H 2 O)]·2H 2 O} n ( 2 ) (H 3 LCl=5-(4-hydroxypyridinium-1-ylmethyl) isophthalic acid chloride, bpa=1, 2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by infrared spectra (IR), elemental analyses, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Compound 1 exhibits a ladder-like chain structure, and such chains are further united together to generate a 3D supramolecular structure through the hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 2 possesses a 2D coordination network with a 1D channel that run parallel to the coordination layers. Meanwhile, their luminescent properties have also been investigated in detail.CCDC:908522, 1 ;908526, 2 .


In everyday life, it is often fooled by someone's appearance, even deceived by someone's appearance, as well as in a literary work, the character's appearance factor plays an important role in terms of the study of characterization in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado. Appearance of the character in question for example what clothes he wore or how his expression. In the literary work figure Matsumi or Keke who is looking for true love to be willing to sacrifice work that has been dreamed of since childhood. Matsumi must feel disappointed because Sujono, the man she had chosen, was not a good man. In this study, examines the characterization of the main character in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado. The theoretical study in this research is focused on characterization which includes patience, independence, aggressiveness to the main character so that they can (1) describe the characterization of the main characters in the Kembang Jepun novel, and (2) describe the needs of humanitic psychology in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that presents a special structural characterization of the main characters. Data source of the Japanese flower novel by Remy Sylado. The data of this research are in the form of crita quotations in the form of dialogue that have relevance to character characterization. Data collection is done by reading the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado, identifying, coding, selecting, data and entering the collected data into the indicator table and data filter specified in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado. The results of this study stated that in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado the results were found (1) The characterization of the main characters contained in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado was found three main character characters namely patient, independent, aggressive. (2) The needs of humanistic psychology found in the Kembang Jepun novel by Remy Sylado in this study found three main characters' needs including self-actualization, needs to be valued, social needs.


For the purpose of studying the quantity of groundwater in mountainous area, the author considered the relation betwcen precipitation and discharge of the Sozu spring which is located on the volcanic region in the northern part of Kumamoto prefecture. The Sozu spring is one of the springs found at the foot of Mt. Waita, composed of Quaternary volcanic rocks.
 The author measured total amount of discharge of above-mentioned five springs, streams, and estimated that the catchment area is 4. 10 km2 from topography. Also, the author compared five hydrologic years' precipitation data, from January 1975 to March 1980, of the area studied with records of discharge of the Sozu spring. So, the author found the estimated catchment area of the Sozu spring is 1. 90 km2 in average, based on three times' measurements of discharge and their results of ranging from 1. 85 km2to 1. 96 km2. Theauthorpointedoutinthecourseofthestudy. 1)Relationsbetweenannualprecipitat1on(P)intheareaandannualrunoffratio(R/P)ofthisspringare showninthefollowingequati◎n=


Objectives: The investigation of the process of the kerogen in situ catalytic transformation accompanied by the synthetic oil production. Methods: To develop kerogen-rich deposits, such technologies as in situ combustion and retorting, presupposing productive layers warming-up, can be employed. The intensification of the light hydrocarbon generation under the kerogen cracking is achieved while using nano-dimensional catalysts based on the transition metals. Finding: The cracking catalyst on the cobalt basis alongside with the impact on the organic substance can promote to the transformation of pyrite into mixed iron oxides, the latter also being the catalysts of the processes under discussion. Under the thermocatalytic effect on the kerogen-containing rocks, the processes of the destructive hydrogenation with the formation of liquid hydrocarbons take place. The processes above are quite catalytic, accompanied by the hydrocarbons molecules activation with power and chemical methods. Iron-containing minerals of all other ones found in the thermal transformation of kerogen. Pyrite under thermal treatment transforms into hematite which is a hydrocracking process. Conclusion: The influence of the nano-dimensional catalyst based on cobalt aims at the organic substance cracking.


Lance Island is one of a group of islands around Batam Island, most of the inhabitants are fishermen. The location of Lance Island is very strategic because it is close to several popular tourist destinations. Lance Island also has abundant marine products. Being near a tourist destination does not make this island crowded, lack of promotion and low IT mastery are the causes. Likewise, in the sale of fishermen's catch, they have difficulty finding buyers, so they sell to middlemen at low prices. The purpose of this service is to introduce tourism objects and promote the catch of fishermen through training on making websites and using social media as an alternative to promotional media besides websites and improving English language skills. The method used was to identify mastery of information technology and foreign languages, then continued with training on the creation and use of information technology in the form of web development, social media use, and foreign language training. The result of the training is an increase in tourist visits, an increase in the sale of catches, and the ability to use foreign languages.


Modes of uranium occurrence in coals and peats have been studied. It was shown by the example of different deposits in Northern Asia that the dissipate mode of uranium occurrence dominates in peats, brown and bituminous coals. Along with the dissipate mode, connected with the organic substance, the mineral modes presented by uraninite, coffinite and minerals containing uranium as isomorphous admixture (zircon, xenotime) were found out. New data on the ratio of mineral and organic modes of uranium occurrence in coals and peats were obtained. The change of uranium occurrence modes in the series peat brown coal bituminous coal was shown.


In the work presented in this thesis we use time-resolved charge detection techniques to investigate single-electron tunneling in semiconductor quantum dots. The ability to detect individual charges in real-time makes it possible to count electrons oneby-one as they pass through the structure. The setup can thus be used as a highprecision current meter for measuring ultra-low currents, with resolution several orders of magnitude better than that of conventional current meters. A singleelectron detector setup is therefore envisioned to be used as a natural definition for a current standard. In addition to measuring the average current, the counting procedure also makes it possible to investigate correlations between charge carriers. Electron correlations are conventionally probed in noise measurements, which are technically challenging due to the difficulty to exclude the influence of external noise sources in the experimental setup. Using real-time charge detection techniques, we circumvent the problem by studying the electron correlation directly from the counting statistics of the tunneling electrons. In quantum dots, we find that the strong Coulomb interaction makes electrons try to avoid each other. This leads to electron anti-bunching, giving stronger correlations and reduced noise compared to a current carried by statistically independent electrons. In our setup, the charge detector is implemented by monitoring changes in conductance in a near-by capacitively coupled quantum point contact. In a series of measurements on a double quantum dot structure, we find that the quantum point contact not only serves as a detector but also causes a back-action onto the measured device. Electron scattering in the quantum point contact leads to emission of microwave radiation. The radiation is found to induce an electronic transition between two quantum dots, similar to the absorption of light in real atoms and molecules. Using a charge detector to probe the electron transitions, we can relate a single-electron tunneling event to the absorption of a single photon. Moreover, since the energy levels of the double quantum dot can be tuned by external gate voltages, we use the device as a frequency-selective single-photon detector operating at microwave energies. The ability to put an on-chip microwave detector close to a quantum conductor opens up the possibility to investigate radiation emitted from mesoscopic structures and give a deeper understanding of the role of electron-photon interactions in quantum conductors.


This invention relates to a blood lancet device that is used to collect a small quantity of blood from a human body. More specifically, it relates to a blood lancet device that: can control the depth of the lancet needle's penetration of the skin; can push the lancet to eject; can accurately collect blood by ensuring linear motion; and can reduce the pain involved in blood collection.


The present study draws on the Esping-Andersen approach to the classification of welfare capitalist regimes to test whether the determination of managerial wages among women varies by type of welfare regime. Using a representative sample of public- and private-sector employees from five industrialized countries, the study shows that the joint effect of gender and employment sector on wages depends on the type of welfare regime and employment sector. Public-sector positions affect female managers' wages in conservative countries, whereas private-sector placement has a significant effect on female managers'wages in liberal and conservative countries. The joint gender/employment-sector effect has no impact on the determination of wages in social-democratic regimes. These findings suggest that the elaboration of models explaining gender-based differences in wages in a cross-national perspective need readjustment to control for country-level and policy-level effects with respect to women's employment and wage attainments.


Numerical simulation for temperature distibution and velocity of molten metal flow during filling stage in evaporative pattern casting (EPC) is studied. The results show that the pattern decomposition has a strong quenching effect on the flowing metal front and is the major factor which decreases the flowability of liquid metal. High permeability of coating layer can increase the metal flow velocity, meanwhile the coating layer with a small coefficient of thermal cond.uctivity can reduce the heat loss from the flowing metal to the sand, both of which are favorable to the increase of the flowability of liquid metal.


Ecological demands imposed by the 21st century standards require from the constructors optimal technical solutions, which means, in the categories of exploitation system, the use of optimal exploitation parameters. The current tendency promotes 'environmentally friendly' vehicles and machines and is realized by technical and organizational improvements such as technologies based on the recycling of materials, use of oxygenating-reducing catalysts and particulate matter filters, introduction of alternative fuels etc. The toxic contents of fumes which pollute the environment involve among others: carbon oxide CO, hydrocarbons CnHm, nitroxides NOx, sulphur oxides SOx, particulate matter – soot with hydrocarbon sediments especially from the group PAH and sulphur acid particles, carbon dioxide CO2 (having no immediate toxic effect, but causing the greenhouse effect), suspension dust etc. Soot emission is considered to be the most significant problem involved in the contamination of fumes from engines with self-ignition [2]. In recent years Poland has also become seriously engaged in the protection of environment. Reduction of pollution emission from motorization is of great interest not only for environmental and vehicle construction specialists but also for architects or road engineers.


This paper aims at the crises of 'The American Dream' and the American national identity in Shepard`s Curse of the Starving Class. 'The American Dream' can be examined from socioeconomic, economic and moral points of view. This paper will analyze which point of view of 'The American Dream' is related to the dreams of the Tate family and their outsiders and reveal that how their dreams weaken the cohesion of the American identity in Curse of the Starving Class. In Curse of the Starving Class, the dreams of the Tate family and the outsiders are all included in the deceptive ideology of 'The American Dream'. Among the Tate family, Weston and Ella respectively dream of making a fortune at a stroke by selling realty and escaping to Mexico and Europe. Emma`s dream of being a mechanic and novelist in Baja California is degenerated into that of being a criminal in America. Wesley dreams of being rich in Alaska. Among the outsiders of the Tates, Taylor, real estate agent, dreams of getting rich quick by defrauding the customers of their money. And Ellis dreams of making a mint of money by building a steak house on the former Tates` house and ranch. The common denominator of the Tates and their outsiders is to get rich quick at a stroke without any efforts. Thus, their dreams can be categorized into the degenerated and delusive forms of 'The American Dream' defined by Joseph DeVitis John Rich. In addition to 'The American Dream', the American consumer culture also fails to give Americans sense of unity and harmony in Curse of the Starving Class. The food the Tate family eat and the home appliances they use all show that they don`t make them feel happy and satisfied. First, the food is not shared among them and one member of the family refuses to take the food offered by another. Second, the table is mistakenly used as a rack on which the laundry is put and an alternate bed for Weston and Ella. Third, a Packard and a Kaiser-fraser are used as vehicles for escaping from home and immoral love. Above all, the refrigerator symbolizes the physical hunger, unsatisfied inner yearning and the sense of alienation of the Tate family. For these reasons, Cures of the Starving Class shows that inner hunger can never be satisfied only by consuming acts. Conclusively, Curse of the Starving Class, published in the mid-1970s characterized as self-absorption, can be viewed in terms of multiculturalism as a word in which not only the American consumer culture but 'The American Dream' fails to lead Americans to unity and cohesion.


Objective;To compare depression levels between the patients with various temporomandibular disorders (TMD),and to determine whether there is an association between depression levels and self-reports of pain as well as limitations related to mandibular functioning (LRMF).Methods;The 58 consecutive patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD)-defined clinical TMD in Seoul National University Dental Hospital were administered the Korean version of the RDC/TMD history questionnaire.The patients were subsequently classified into 3 groups based on the presence of the various RDC/TMD axis I diagnostic groups;group I,myofascial pain ;group II,disk displacement;group III,other joint conditions such as arthralgia,osteoarthritis,and osteoarthrosis;The depression levels,pain intensity,and LRMF were assessed with RDC/TMD.Results;The study demonstrated statistically significant differences in depression levels and pain intensity in three TMD groups,the depression level is related to the self-report of pain.In addition,the pain intensity is related to the LRMF.Conclusion;The common TMD was myofascial pain,which had highest score in depression level.It is considerable for assessment of depression level in TMD.


With the recent rise in popularity of Transformer models in Natural Language Processing, research efforts have been dedicated to the development of domain-adapted versions of BERT-like architectures. In this study, we focus on FinBERT, a Transformer model trained on text from the financial domain. By comparing its performances with the original BERT on a wide variety of financial text processing tasks, we found continual pretraining from the original model to be the more beneficial option. Domain-specific pretraining from scratch, conversely, seems to be less effective.


In this study the skin test reactions of 20 children who had recovered from cat-scratch fever, except for one in whom the disease was still active, and 20 controls who gave no history compatible with the disease were evaluated. From this appraisal it may be concluded that skin test reactions give no indication that classified or unclassified mycobacteria are the cause of cat-scratch fever.


Herein, we report synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons having one and two dimesitylborylethynyl peripherals  1  and  2 . The mono- ( 1 ) and di-boryl compounds ( 2 ) readily prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction are fairly stable to air and moisture in the solid-state. The inserted ethynediyl (C ≡C) spacer cancels steric hindrance between the bulky dimesitylboryl groups and the aromatic rings, leading to effective  π -conjugation over the B - C ≡ C -Ar linkages as revealed by cyclic voltammetry. Despite the small structural differences, photophysical properties of the benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene derivatives were different. Virtually no emission was observed for the benzene derivatives, whereas the anthracene derivatives emitted with high quantum yields both in solution and solid states. Notably, the naphthalene derivatives showed aggregation-induced emission behavior. Unlike common sterically congested triarylborane derivatives reported so far, the anthracene derivatives showed  π - π * type absorption and emission bands, which derived from the efficient intramolecular orbital interactions between the boron centers and the anthracene moieties as supported by the density functional calculations. As a result, the dimesitylborylethynyl substituents effectively lowers the LUMO levels of the aromatic hydrocarbon parts while the HOMO levels are almost unaffected, leading to materials with controllable HOMO-LUMO gaps.


The invention relates to a limited channel control circuit for minimally invasive intervention intraductal multi-channel electrical signals, which is used for the medical field of minimally invasive intervention and comprises a control unit, a power cord, a ground wire and a communication wire. The power cord, the ground wire and the communication wire are respectively connected with a miniature chip in the control unit, the control unit further comprises a set of drivers connected in parallel, one end of each driver is connected with the power cord, and the other end of each driver is connected with the miniature chip. The limited channel control circuit has the advantages that number of wires needed by the far-end multi-driver and multi-sensing function for a duct can be reduced greatly, miniature of the duct is benefited, sufficient degree of freedom is supplied for completing complex intervention operations, data channels are supplied for surgical safety and acquisition of multiple physiological parameters in blood vessel and blood environment, and technical support is provided for functions of electrode ablation and the like requiring voltage induced into a human body.


that with the additional cost of producing more anti-D immunoglobulin about £200 000 would have to be spent for each baby saved. Tovey also pointed out that the immunoglobulin must be obtained by plasmapheresis of donors injected with Rh-positive cells and that this procedure is not without risk. Moreover, about 25% of mothers given anti-D immunoglobulin develop antiglobulins, and these might possibly prove to be a long-term hazard to both mother and infant. Tovey's survey also showed that in about half the cases in the 1978 survey sensitisation was due to a failure to administer anti-D at the end of the previous pregnancy, usually the result of human error. Since only about one-fifth of the sensitisation found in Britain in 1978 occurred in primigravidae a far greater reduction in mortality could be achieved by ensuring that all Rh-negative mothers receive anti-D immunoglobulin postnatally. The extra money required for antenatal treatment would be sufficient to enable another 360 patients with end-stage renal failure to have a renal transplant. Quite reasonably, Tovey concluded that "in a world in which more consideration must be given to the cost-effectiveness of health care, it might be wiser to accept that the total elimination of Rh sensitisation is beyond our economic grasp."


Equipment that is used in coal preparation is subjected to various forms of corrosion and mechanical wear. The Kentucky Center for Energy Research Laboratory is conducting ongoing wear tests at TVA's Paradise coal preparation plant to measure the performance of typical metals of construction in various process areas of the plant. Results of a 2500 hour test are reported and compared to baseline results that were obtained from an earlier test. Comparison of data from these two tests indicate that wear results are reasonably reproducible within the operating variations of the plant. Stainless steel and high chromium cast iron samples experience low or negligible wastage rates. Low carbon steel, Cor-Ten A, Ni Hard 1 and Ni Hard 4 samples experienced significant wastage rates as a result of general corrosion attack due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in highly conductive process water. Localized corrosion was also observed in all samples except for the austenitic stainless steels. The highest wastage rates for almost all samples occurred in the location handling the largest-sized fraction of coal in the plant, indicating an added abrasive wear contribution. Long term testing in the plant continues.


Adiscontinuous pulmonary artery is one that is disconnected from the main pulmonary trunk and arises from a patent ductus arteriosus. This anomaly is not often found in conjunction with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and pulmonary stenosis. We treated an infant who had such an anomaly with impending closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Herein, we describe the treatment of this challenging case.


" . . . Given a guarantee equal to the sum sought the support, by deed of gift and transfer vouchers during donor's lifetime or by bequest after donor's painless extinction, of eminent financiers (Blum Pasha, Rothschild, Guggenheim, Hirsch, Montefiore, Morgan, Rockefeller) possessing fortunes in 6 figures, amassed during a successful life, and joining capital with opportunity the thing required was done." James Joyce, Ulystet


A CONTINUING problem in vascular surgery is the prevention and control of infection in the presence of artificial grafts. The infection rate associated with artificial grafts has ranged from 1.3%1 to 6%2 with the final outcome from this complication frequently being either death or a major amputation. The purpose of this paper is to describe an experimental study devised to prevent infection from occurring with vascular prostheses and for controlling infections, even if only temporarily, when it occurs. Material and Methods Thirty-eight dogs of both sexes, weighing between 9.5 and 22.7 kg (21 and 50 lb), were divided into two series: A and B. Series A—Potential Vascular Infection. —Twenty dogs were divided into two groups of ten each and were alternately operated upon. One group of dogs underwent laparotomy, at which time a section of their abdominal aorta between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation, approximately 4 cm


Muscle biopsy is a critical step in caring patients having variable myopathies. The differential diagnosis of neurogenic or myogenic origin is very important. Variable artifacts such as ice crystals can interfere with the exact diagnosis. To acquire an optimal section, we compared several frozen and sectioning methods. To avoid direct contact, a piece of cork covered with water or an embedded medium is used as a moving plate for muscle biopsy specimens. During the indirect method, the cork should be dropped into the gel or between liquid and solid state of isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen using a forceps. The sample must be kept in a -70 ℃ ultra low freezer untill sectioning. Prior to sectioning, leave the sample in cryostat for 20 minutes minimally in order to recover the optimal temperature. Sectioning must be done in a cryostat cooled at -20 ℃ with a new disposal knife at 7 to 10 μ m for prevention of cracking. At this time, sectioning without OCT compound embedding can avoid the ice crystal artifact. Methanol prefix should be done 3 to 5 seconds after sectioning. The muscle biopsy sample must be handled with minimal trauma and precautions in order to acquire optimal sections for direct diagnosis


In Norma Kriger's second work on this topic, Guerilla veterans in post-war Zimbabwe: Symbolic and violent politics, another dimension is added to her studies on the war of liberation in Zimbabwe. Kriger's preceding work, Zimbabwe's guerilla war: Peasant voices, highlighted exclusively the rural people's experiences of the guerilla war in Zimbabwe.


The oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide and thus to sulphuric acid in motor vehicle exhaust gases in a single-bed catalyzer takes place only with excess air. The conversion rate rises with increasing oxygen content and falling temperature. During ageing of the catalyzer the efficiency for formation of sulphuric acid in the lean range and the reduction of nitric oxide in the rich range is reduced. The emission of pollutants is a minimum in the case of a stoichiometric fuel-air mixture. /TRRL/


Link adaptation in coherent wireless communications has sparked great research enthusiasm. However, adaptive techniques are equally important for non-coherent counterparts although relatively less attention has been dedicated to. This letter studies the adaptive modulation for the energy detection (ED)-based non-coherent systems. Specifically, we consider a massive single-input multiple-output (SIMO) network, where a single-antenna user communicates with a base station (BS) with tens/hundreds of antennas. In particular, an optimization problem is formulated in order to find the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) switching thresholds that maximize the average spectral efficiency (ASE). After deriving the SNR distribution and symbol error rate (SER), this problem is solved by applying the Lagrangian method. With switching thresholds, rate and power adaptation are made based on the instantaneous SNR. Numerical results indicate for the proposed scheme, there exists a trade-off between the target SER and ASE. That is, the ASE falls if one wishes to reduce the target SER. Under this circumstance, mounting more antennas can avoid the loss in ASE.


The experiments of Dr. C. C. Guthrie who transplanted hens'ovaries to foster mothers of different plumage color from their own and was led to the conclusion that the engrafted ovaries became functional and their eggs gained certain characteristics from the foster mothers'are not at all convincing to the student of normal heredity of plumage color in poultry; indeed, they justify the opposite conclusions. To test these experiments, I transplanted ovaries from a cinnamon-colored, heavy-boot, pea-combed, four-toed, low-nostriled hen which breeds true to a white, non-boot, V-combed, five-toed, high-nostriled hen, and mated her with a cock whose characters resembled those of the hen from which the eggs had been borrowed. Had the engrafted ovary been functional, the chicks must all have been like the cock. Actually, they were exactly what expectation calls for when such a cock is mated to a hen like the so-called foster-mother. The engrafted eggs are not functional; the ovary had regenerated. Six experiments of this sort were made altogether and in no case was there evidence of a functional graft; far less of an influence on the eggs of the foster mother's soma.


Abstract The trilingual author Mikhah Yosef Berdichevsky (1865–1921) is widely known as a literary modernist and a rebel against Jewish socio-religious conventions. Yet he also developed an original dialectical way of thinking about Jewish tradition. Berdichevsky's theory of tradition is partly elaborated in his undeservedly obscure Yiddish stories. In order to reconstruct this theory, we undertake a typology and thematic analysis of their signature literary trope: the unrealized wedding.


The design of dispatching planning for the smart grid dispatching and control system is forward-looking and suitable for different dispatch patterns,including average(open,fair and impartial)dispatch,energy-saving generation dispatch and power market mechanism.For the demand of the current power marketization reform in rapid development,the specific applied model along with its analysis is developed for day-ahead market,intraday and real-time market,ancillary services,security check,accommodation of renewable energy and optimization of power for tie-line between different regions and provinces under market mechanism.The line of thought of development in the new situation is put forward.


On basis of the construction requirements of the railway works and the changes of the railway works construction markets,the author analyzes the requirements of the railway works construction market to the contractor's material supply and management and the state-of-the-art of the material supply and management.The author concludes that the material supply and management works should be continuously optimized by means of project management concepts and methods and concludes that a new material supply and management system,which,taking the project as the core,is compatible with the project management and is dynamic and process-controlled,should be established and perfected.


An environmental-friendly spray deposition is different from commercially available deposition techniques like piezo, thermal, and aerosol. Through electrostatically controlled conductive inks, patterns can be achieved on substrate by using submicron mask. In this study a novel process of selective patterning is implemented. This paper discusses an optimized system design for analysis of process variables by electro pray deposition. Colloidal solution contained in a metallic capillary head driven by electrostatic force verified mask patterning experimentally.


Although the 17th C. British Metaphysical Poetry and the Chinese Metaphysical Poetry in Dongjin Dynasty are similar in their names and turbulent historical backgrounds, they cannot be put on a par due to their remarkable differences in four aspects, namely, philosophical basis, engagement in social life and political affairs, artistic features, literary evaluation and historical position. Based on detailed enquiries to the causes of these similarities and dissimilarities, this thesis comes to a conclusion that the failure of the Chinese Metaphysical Poetry is the inevitable consequence of its violence to the nature of poetry, aesthetic criteria, and the principle of art. However, together with the British Metaphysical Poetry's success, it provides an important revelation on the contemporary poetry theory and composition as well as a helpful reference to the intrinsic integration of philosophy and religion with poetry.


Barrett's esophagus is a complication caused by Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). It is a premalignant condition with an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.  The carcinogenic sequence may progress through several steps, from normal esophageal mucosa through Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). A recent advent of functional esophageal testing (particularly multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring) has helped to improve our knowledge about GERD pathophysiology, including its complications and its neoplastic progression. Over the last few decades, the incidence of EAC has continued to rise in Western populations. Thus, major efforts in clinical and research practice are focused on new methods for optimal risk assessment that can stratify BE patients at low or high risk of developing EAC. Furthermore, the area of BE therapeutic management is rapidly evolving. Endoscopic eradication therapies have been shown to be effective, and new therapeutic options for BE and EAC have emerged. The aim of the present review article is to highlight the pathophysiology, diagnosis and the current progress of BE therapy.Moreover, we discuss the new mucosal ablative techniques that can be used in the esophagus have emerged over the past two decades.


Autonomous robotic systems can automatically perform actions on behalf of users in the domestic environment to help people in their daily activities. Such systems aim to reduce users' cognitive and physical workload, and improve well-being. While the benefits of these systems are clear, recent studies suggest that users may misconstrue their performance of tasks. We see an opportunity in designing interaction techniques that improve how users perceive the performance of such systems. We report two lab studies (N=16 each) designed to investigate whether showing physical motion, which is showing the process of a system through movement (that is intrinsic to the system's task), of an autonomous system as it completes its task, affects how users perceive its performance. To ensure our studies are ecologically valid and to motivate participants to provide thoughtful responses we adopted consensus-oriented financial incentives. Our results suggest that physical presence does yield higher performance ratings.


Part 2 is the statistical summary report of the 1970 Minnesota Lakeshore Development Study, providing guidelines for the establishment of a lake and shore management system in Minnesota. The study led to the Minnesota Shoreland Management Act. View part 1 at: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201596


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nateglinide combined with insulin glargine in patients with diabetic nephroPathy.Methods:52 patients with diabetic nephropathy(by Mogensen's stage:Ⅲ~IV) were randomly divided into two groups.26patients in the trial group were treated by repag1inide combined with insulin glargine injection.The other 26 patients in the control group were treated by premixed insulin injection twice daily.Both groups were under treatment for eight weeks as a course,and the values of fasting blood glucose(FBG) ,2h postprandial blood glucose(2hBG) ,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) ,urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) ,blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(SCr) before and after the treatment were observed.The incidence of hypoglycemia of two groups was observed as well.Results:After treatment,the levels of FBG,2hPG,HbA1c and UAER in two groups all decreased obviously(P 0.01) ,but there was no statistical significance between the two groups(P 0.05) .However,the levels of BUN,SCr had no marked difference after the experiment(P 0.05) .Patients in the trial group had fewer hypoglycemic episodes Than those in the control group(P0.05) . Conclusion:nateglinide combined with insulin glargine can control the blood glucose effectively in patients with diabetic nephropathy,and has high safety accompanied by a simple and easy way in application.


The authors describe CT signs of a thoracic empyema, developed several years after a pneumonectomy. The disappearance of the concavity of post-pneumonectomy space in contact with mediastinum, associated to the absence of retraction of the hemithorax are the main signs of the diagnosis.


The impact of industrial robots and aging on economic growth is analyzed using both theoretical and empirical models in this paper. An aging mechanism is integrated into the task model and Solow model, which integrates the existing relationship between industrial robots and economic growth. Our data come from the International Robot Federation, Penn World Table, and the World Bank, and we obtain robot usage data and macroeconomic data for 77 countries and regions between 1993 and 2019. We found that industrial robots can stimulate economic growth, but aging does not affect it. It is worth noting that aging has more adverse effects on economies using industrial robots than economies without industrial robots. Further, according to mechanism analysis, the main channel of economic growth is industrial robots replacing labor, followed by improving total factor productivity (TFP), a measure of technological change in an economy. Given endogenous problems, the results are still stable.


A partial skull of Pteranodon (Longicepid) longicepc Marsh (the taxonomy is after Miller, in press) from the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation of western Kansas was discovered associated wtth post-cranial bones; sternum, cenrical vertebrae, a dorsal vertebra, radius, ulna, pteroid, carpals7 metatarsals, ribs, phalanges, metacarpaIs, humeri, and femora. Previotlsly no described Pteranodon skulls have been found associated with postcranial bones (except for some cervical vertebrae) and some offier specimens that were found wiffi quadrate bones associated with post-cranial bones. Although senJeral specimens of a primitive pteranodont, PteranoXfvn (Nyctowvrgs) gracilis, consist of skulls associated with post-cranial bones.


This paper examines different Brownian information structures over varying time intervals. We focus on the non-limit case, and on the trade-offs between information quality and quantity when making a decision whether to cooperate or defect in a prisoners' dilemma game. In the best-case scenario, the information quality gains are strong enough so that agents can substitute information quantity with information quality. In the second best-case scenario, the information quality gains are weak and must be compensated for with additional information quantity. In this case, information quality improves but not quickly enough to dispense with the use of information quantity. For sufficiently large time intervals, information degrades and monitoring becomes mostly based on information quantity. The results depend crucially on the particular information structure and on the rate at which information quality improves or decays with respect to the discounting incentives.


The article presents results of the analysis of sustainable urban mobility implementation in Lviv in the context of the impact on urban space and providing comfort for the residents. Considering cases of major streets (Gorodotska Street and Vyacheslavа Chornovola Avenue), the positive impact of the newly created dedicated lanes for public transport and bicycle infrastructure (bicycle lanes and bicycle paths) on the transport system of the city as a whole is reflected. During the last 10 years in Ukraine, the issue of sustainable mobility and movement of residents on various types of transport within urban territorial communities has become very acute. In 2019, the city of Lviv joined the initiative of many European cities to develop a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, which defines the policy in the field of urban transportation and provides an understanding of ways to optimize the spatial development of the city. The main advantage of this document is human-centricity. Strategically, this provides a new step in the balanced development of sustainable types of movement in the city. Analysis of the results of the authors' observations on the two most active sections of public transport in the city showed the effectiveness of creating lanes for public transport. Moreover, the conducted survey of city residents confirmed that for the majority of the population, the creation of public transport lanes increased the comfort of using them and significantly relieved traffic. A study of the city's bicycle infrastructure revealed a number of shortcomings in its planning and implementation. Despite this, the latest practices of popularizing the bicycle as a form of urban transport had a positive effect on the steady growth of the number of residents for whom the bicycle became the main form of urban transport, and the development of new bicycle infrastructure. Thus, new approaches to the transformation of the Lviv's urban space on the basis of sustainable urban mobility determine the further priorities of the city's development on the way to the implementation of advanced European standards of urban planning.


e19118Background: For patients being treated for solid tumor malignancies, an unplanned hospitalization is a significant event that may help predict outcomes. Prior studies have demonstrated a 1 ye...


In this paper, based on two cascaded bidirectional Buck/Boost Dc-Dc converters, stability issue in the bidirectional converter cascaded system is revealed. With Middlebrook impedance criterion, two minor loop gain, each for one power flow direction and which is defined as the ratio of the upstream converter output impedance to the downstream converter input impedance, are introduced for the system stability analysis. Time-domain simulation and mathematic calculation are done for the verification. Based on the analysis results, two conflicts in the bidirectional converter cascaded system are proposed. One is that with the shared common part in the power stage, it cannot easily optimize the system stability in both power flow directions. The other conflict is that in many cases with the shared common compensator in control stage, it cannot optimize the system stability in both power flow directions at the same time. By revealing these two conflicts, this paper proposes that the corresponding consideration and tradeoff should be done during the design stage.


In this work, a pattern recognition algorithm was developed to process and analyze electron emission micrographs. Various examples of dc and rf emission are given that demonstrate this algorithm applicability to determine emitters spatial location and distribution and calculate apparent emission area. The algorithm is fast and only takes $\sim$10 seconds to process and analyze one micrograph using resources of an Intel Core i5.


Certain risk factors increase the probability of developing coronary artery disease and it increases the number of death all over the World. The aim of this study is to identify the various risk factors in cases among subjects with coronary artery disease and in the control population who are unaffected with coronary artery disease and aimed to estimate the odds ratio among cases and controls. A case-control Epidemiological observational study was used. Sample Case: Patients with coronary artery disease were included. Control: Matched outpatients who don't have coronary artery disease and fulfill the inclusion criteria. The sample size of this study in each group was 40. For Cases Simple random sampling technique was used and Controls are chosen randomly who were matching with the case group. Smoking acts as the strongest risk factor with p-value zero, so the odds of having CAD is 31 times in smokers than non-smokers. This is followed by anti-hypertensive Drug which has an odd of CAD with 10.5 times on patients taking anti-hypertensive drugs than those who do not take such drugs. The studied population has a high prevalence and clustering of traditional risk factors.


career was brought out thirty-six years ago, in the two volumes of Howe's Life and Letters of George Bancroft. In 1925 Darling published a detailed, accurate, carefully documented account of political activities in Massachusetts, covering the period in which Bancroft took part. The monumental history has been subjected to critical evaluation on several occasions, particularly by Bassett in 1917 and by Stewart in 1937. On the other hand, no previous writer has dealt at all adequately with Bancroft's own philosophy of life, politics, and history. This is Mr. Nye's


Subdural placement of contrast medium is anathema to the myelographer. It immediately compromises the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure and jeopardizes the success of future examination of the spinal subarachnoid space (1–6). In the literature, allusions to extra-arachnoidal injection of radiopaque oil are invariably coupled to warnings that in such instances interpretation of findings is difficult and often erroneous. The purpose of this paper is to consider the cause, appearance, effect, and possible prevention of subdural placement of contrast medium. Material A total of 140 myelographic examinations via lumbar puncture were attempted or performed between January 1959 and April 1961 at the University of Florida Teaching Hospital and Clinics. In 9 instances, the test dose was completely subdural in position, and in most of these the procedure was discontinued. In 10 cases, the instillation was in part subdural, sufficient in amount to interfere with radiologic study. In several instances, no test dos...


A new approach to non-extensive thermodynamical systems with non-additive energy and entropy is proposed. The main idea of the paper is based on the statistical matching of the thermodynamical systems with the additive multi-step Markov chains. This general approach is applied to the Ising spin chain with long-range interaction between its elements. The asymptotical expressions for the energy and entropy of the system are derived for the limiting case of weak interaction. These thermodynamical quantities are found to be non-proportional to the length of the system (number of its particle).


Given a local ring R and n ideals whose sum is primary to the maximal ideal of R, one may define a function which takes an n-tuple of exponents (a1,…,an) to the length of Tork(R/I1,…,R/In). These functions are shown to have rational generating functions in certain cases.


We demonstrate that multiple-ion-species plasmas greatly reduce stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in high-electron temperature inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. Landau damping is increased by adding hydrogen to a CO(2) gas filled hohlraum. We find that the SBS reflectivity decreases monotonically with increasing hydrogen fraction from 18% to 3% with a simultaneous increase of laser beam transmission. Detailed simulations with a 3D laser-plasma interaction code are in agreement with the experimentally observed reduction in backscattered light.


The cascade model of training involves the delivery of training through layers of trainers until it reaches the final target group like water falls from the top to the bottom of a hill. This was a model adopted by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to establish Voter Education Club (VEC) in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. The idea began with the INEC Chairman Professor Athairu Jega training his able INEC State Commissioners who in turn trained selected Principals of secondary schools covering the thirty-six states plus the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). They in turn went to train other Principals and designated (VEC) coordinators and thus (VEC) emerged as process of political enlightenment to our young political leaders of tomorrow. Other models were recommended for the perpetuity of the project. It was therefore recommended that both INEC the NOA and other stakeholders in the national electoral processes give close monitoring to these club that are ubiquitous, also be ready to monetize the activities of the club coordinators that it may not amount to a still-born project that may not see the light of the day.


The application of ultrasound(US)/Fenton reagent method to the degradation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) in water was studied. It is found that the degradation of p-nitrophenol by US/Fenton reagent method had an obvious synergistic effect. The result is better than the simple summation of Fenton reagent method and US method. The influences of initial pH value in solution, concentration of H2O2 and Fe2+ on the experimental results were studied in detail. Since the pH value will effect the p-NP existing state (in ionic state or in molecular state), with lower pH value, the p-NP will exist in a higher proportion of molecular state which is easier to be degraded by the ultrasonic cavitation. Moreover, under lower pH, the H2O2 becomes more effective. Therefore the experimental results show that the lower initial pH value will have better p-NP degradation. In addition, since the free radical ?OH does favour the p-NP degradation, increasing the H2O2 and Fe2+ concentration will increase the number of free radical ?OH, so at the same time it will make the p-NP degradation more effective.


The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment manufacturing, in particular to a self-circulation evaporation heat exchanger. The self-circulation evaporation heat exchanger comprises an evaporator, wherein a jet flow diverter is arranged at the top of the evaporator, and connected with a working medium input pipe, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the evaporator, grid plates are arranged at two ends of the heat exchange tube, a liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the evaporator, a working medium output port is formed between the liquid storage tank and the heat exchange tube, and one end of a circulation line is connected with the liquid storage tank, and the other end is connected with the jet flow diverter. According to the invention, the Coanda effect of fluid mechanics is applied to the evaporator, the working medium inside an evaporative heat exchanger is driven by using fluid kinetic energy to circularly flow, so that heat exchange is uniform, and heat exchange efficiency is improved. Because of inner circulation, the heat exchange efficiency can be greatly improved, external energy consumption is not generated, and connection and sealing problems of extra equipment do not exist, and the liquid storage tank at the bottom of the evaporator further has the function of low pressure liquid storage.


This paper studies WELDOX960 high strength steel, analysis of the welding ability of WELDOX960 high strength steel. Analyze the weld ability of WELDOX960 high-strength steel materials, and study the influence of process parameters such as welding current, welding voltage, and welding speed on penetration depth and weld width in the automated welding process. Through this test, the welding process is optimized to ensure the weld quality. The results show that WELDOX960 high-strength steel adopts multi-layer and multi-pass welding to form better welds.


Abstract The role of omega-3 (OM3) fatty acids in the reduction of elevated triglycerides is well recognized. This has prompted the development of concentrated OM3 drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, a condition that may increase risk for cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Intestinal absorption of currently available OM3 ethyl ester drugs depends on the activity of pancreatic lipases, largely stimulated by dietary fat. As many patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia are advised to minimize fat intake, there is a need for a product with high bioavailability, irrespective of meal timing and fat content. This review will discuss a novel OM3 carboxylic acid drug (Epanova®, AstraZeneca, DE, USA) that has been approved as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia.


The invention discloses a multifunctional plastic-film mulch dibbler for seeds. The multifunctional plastic-film mulch dibbler for seeds mainly comprises an outer wheel, wherein the center of the outer wheel is provided with a seed distribution center; a main shaft penetrates through the axial direction of the seed distribution center; a plurality of seed distribution pipelines are horizontally communicated to the periphery of the seed distribution center; seed outlets are formed in the free ends of the seed distribution pipelines; tongue plates are buckled on the seed outlets and are arranged on the seed distribution pipelines through tongue-mouth shafts; and compression spring plates are also integrally molded on the tongue plates and are fixedly provided with springs, and the other ends of each springs are embedded into the inner side face of the outer wheel. The multifunctional plastic-film mulch dibbler for seeds also comprises a seed storage device and a seed distributor which are arranged coaxially, wherein the seed storage device is located in the seed distribution center; the seed distributor is arranged inside the seed storage device; a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the seed distributor at intervals; a plurality of replacement parts are arranged in the threaded holes; and concave holes are formed in the replacement parts. According to the multifunctional plastic-film mulch dibbler for seeds, the seeding requirements of various crops are met by mounting different replacement parts; the row spacing is regulated by regulating the amount or lengths of the seed distribution pipelines, so that the aim that one machine serves several purposes is achieved, and the efficiency is greatly increased; and the multifunctional plastic-film mulch dibbler for seeds is simple in structure, convenient to replace and easy to operate.


The influence of the thickness of cushion materials on peak force and impact time was studied. Of test data analysis, the thickness of materials evidently influences the impact parameters, such as contact time and peak force. The regression equations have been established. The curves fitting have been made for the regression equations. The relationship between every factor and impact parameters were found. The result shoes that the thickness of cushion materials has a significant impact on the peak force and the impact time. It may provide certain reference for the processing, packaging and transporting eggs.


Monodisperse polymethyl methacrylate particles in the range of 3~5?μm with high crosslinking density were prepared by dispersion polymerizatipon of methyl methacrylate in an ethanol/water medium. The effect of the concentrations of monomer ,initiator, stabilizer and crosslinker and the ratio of the medium on the particle size and size distribution were investigated. The results showed that : particle size and polymerization rate increased with the increase of the concentration of the crosslinker and initiator; particle size decreased as the concentration of stabilizer increased; with the increase of the concentration of monomer ,particle size come to a minium at the monomer concentration of 100?g·L-1. At the same time, the effect of polymerization method on the resulting particle size, size distribution and size morphology were discussed. 


This study is based on a series of approximately 2,000 consecutive cases in which the form and function of the colon was observed roentgenologically. This series, in turn, constitutes a part of a basic group of approximately 4,000 private patients complaining of various digestive symptoms, thus furnishing a homogeneous background for the conclusions presented. The statistical method was employed throughout in the belief that this would yield results most likely to be objective in nature and most open to confirmation or refutat on by others. By way of preliminary survey 3,000 unselected cases of the basic group were analyzed for the general incidence of the more common symptoms of "indigestion." These figures are presented in Table I, and will be used throughout the paper as a standard of comparison for the anomalies about to be described. Having no preconceived notions to establish, the chief emphasis will be placed on the facts themselves, leaving the temptation to speculate on their significance in the ...


Introduction. Migrants could be at increased risk of the psychosocial and mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research is needed to assess their needs and the most useful interventions in this regard. Objective. To describe the mental health consequences of the pandemic and lockdown measures among migrants living in shelters in Tijuana, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic, barriers to mental healthcare during this period, and the key elements of psychosocial support provided by civil society organizations (CSOs), as described by shelters' staff. Method. In April-May 2020, we conducted a rapid qualitative study through interviews with persons providing services at eight migrant shelters, complementing the information with data from an ongoing ethnographic project. We situated the results within the levels of the United Nations' Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) pyramid of psychosocial and mental health support. Results. In addition to fear of contagion and economic insecurity, migrants experienced emotional distress associated with hardening migration policies, and the difficulties of having to find shelter in place in non-private spaces. Some CSOs continued or adapted previous psychosocial support activities, helping migrants navigate these issues, but other activities stopped amidst physical distancing measures and because of limited resources. Migrants themselves implemented some group activities. There was a surge of civil society initiatives of online support, but some shelters laeked the technological and other resources to benefit from them. Discussion and conclusion. Migrants require a tailor made response to their mental health needs in the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the one provided by CSOs.


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A 64-year-old patient presented with lymph node swelling and altered performance status. A diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; activated B-cell subtype) was made on histological examination of a lymph node biopsy. Examination of bone marrow smears showed no


Abstract In preparation for the first simulation of a real globular cluster with a few 105 particles and several Gyr of evolution, which will be made possible by the advent of the new GRAPE-8, the MODEST community encharged our working group (WG-9) to provide all of the needed observational constrains. The selected clusters for this experiment were NGC 6121 (M 4) and NGC 6397. We present the status of the project.


The use of mercury for gold beneficiation is still a current practice in small mining operations, mainly in underdeveloped countries, due to the low investment required and necessity of easy to operate systems. But the lack of basic protections makes unavoidable the high pollution of water streams, soils, and in fact, human bodies. Some improvements have been done at site like that related to the removal of the mercury from the amalgam, that usually was done in the open air and now have been changed to the utilization of artisan iron retorts which considerably reduce the emissions of mercury vapors to the atmosphere, but there are still high losses of mercury into the waste solids or tailings coming from the amalgamation process (nearly most of the total weight of the ore treated). In order to reduce the mercury losses into the tailings from the process, this research work has been based in the use of cheap systems, available to the isolated miners, to proof that it is feasible to get an important reduction of the losses and the pollution. The procedure has been accomplished by means of washing the ores with alkaline or detergent agents, together with the use of activated mercury purified by electrowinning in a simple device, easily manufactured in site by the own workers. It is also proven herewith that controlling the time of amalgamation and the total amount of mercury used could reduce the total pollution, and in addition, the gold recovery would be improved. This investigation reports the possibility of a reduction of mercury losses down to 2.4 g per 100 g of gold produced (case of rich ores like La Bruja), with gold recovery up to 94 %; and 8,6 g per 100 g of gold produced (from ores with average grades like La Gruesa), and gold recoveries in the range of 92 %. All that is about 20 to 100 times lower than data reported in current bibliography. The introduction of a previous step of the ore concentration in shaking tables, decreases the total amount of solids for the process of amalgamation in the range of 70 %, then reducing the contaminated solid waste. By doing so the recovery of gold is improved in the case of rich ore, but not with the ore of lower grade when comparing with direct amalgamation. In that case it would be required a combination of shaking tables and flotation of the gravity tailings, but that process is more expensive and complicated for the small miners. The described method involves a low capital investment in equipment, and the training to operate the system is not difficult.


This article surveys research on corporate governance, with special attention to the importance of legal protection of investors and of ownership concentration in corporate governance systems around the world. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DEALS WITH the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment. How do the suppliers of finance get managers to return some of the profits to them? How do they make sure that managers do not steal the capital they supply or invest it in bad projects? How do suppliers of finance control managers? At first glance, it is not entirely obvious why the suppliers of capital get anything back. After all, they part with their money, and have little to contribute to the enterprise afterward. The professional managers or entrepreneurs who run the firms might as well abscond with the money. Although they sometimes do, usually they do not. Most advanced market economies have solved the problem of corporate governance at least reasonably well, in that they have assured the flows of enormous amounts of capital to firms, and actual repatriation of profits to the providers of finance. But this does not imply that they have solved the corporate governance problem perfectly, or that the corporate governance mechanisms cannot be improved. In fact, the subject of corporate governance is of enormous practical importance. Even in advanced market economies, there is a great deal of disagreement on how good or bad the existing governance mechanisms are. For example, Easterbrook and Fischel (1991) and Romano (1993a) make a very optimistic assessment of the United States corporate governance system, whereas Jensen (1989a, 1993) believes that it is deeply flawed and that a major move from the current corporate form to much more highly leveraged organizations, similar to LBOs, is in order. There is also constant talk of replacing the Anglo-Saxon corporate governance systems with those patterned after Germany and Japan (see, for example, Roe (1993) and Charkham (1994)). But the United States, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom have some of the best corporate governance systems in the world, and the differences between * Shleifer is from Harvard University. Vishny is from the University of Chicago. Prepared for the Nobel Symposium on Law and Finance, Stockholm, August 1995. We are grateful to Oliver D. Hart for many conversations, to Doug Diamond, Frank Easterbrook, Milton Harris, Martin Hellwig, James Hines, Tor Jonsson, Steve Kaplan, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Raghu Rajan, David Scharfstein, Rene Stulz, and Luigi Zingales for comments, and to the NSF for financial support.


It is unclear whether differences exist in baseline serum galactomannan (sGM) in patients with hematologic malignancies and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) caused by non-fumigatus Aspergillus species vs Aspergillus fumigatus. We found no differences in baseline sGM positivity rates, median sGM levels, and 42-day mortality in 72 such patients (Aspergillus fumigatus in 43 and non-fumigatus Aspergillus in 29).


This article aims to heighten our understanding of community managed cultural facilities, considering that these may be key for the future of cities. The research includes observant participation, thematic analysis of group debates and in-depth interviews with activists and professionals in the domain of community action in Barcelona. I document the construction of active collaboration networks of a wide variety of organizations fostering cultural commons in Barcelona, and highlight the efforts they have made to develop performance assessment tools. The conclusions consider the issue of mutual understanding between neighborhood movements, community action professionals, and the social economy sector. I underline how public-community partnerships can use networking activities to develop a constructive and critical approach to public service delivery and enhance collective learning about economic democratization. Vital importance is given to institutionalization of regulatory tools and the indicators needed to assess the value added by these partnerships.
Experiences of local development through the management of cultural spaces (Klein and Tremblay, 2020) drive us to question the role of self-organized community actors in fostering the democratization of everyday life. Actual cases of community empowerment and, specifically, the way it develops in those environments known as the urban commons and the cultural commons, have attracted interest from both academia and the policy domain around the globe (Antonucci 2020; Feinberg, Ghorbani, and Herder 2020, 2021; Giannini and Pirone 2019; Kay and Wood 2020; Petrescu et al. 2020; Shah and Garg 2017; Steiner, McMillan, and Hill O'Connor 2022; Williams 2018). In Barcelona, over the last decade, bookended by the effects of the Great Recession and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been growing recognition for the socially innovative potential of those spaces and cultural projects set up by communitarian platforms involving committed local residents as the managers of cultural practices; at the same time, these initiatives have also gained prestige among the general public.
As a particular manifestation of spaces of hope (Harvey 2000), community-led cultural centers are one specific subtype in the vast domain of urban commons where struggles are taking place to regain citizenship governance over water, food supply, energy distribution, housing or the public sphere, among others. As initiatives promoting cultural emancipation, collective learning and autonomous creation, these centers react against austerity policies and social vulnerability. Despite the wide diversity in their focal points, in their organizational formulas and in their scales of action, they coincide in that they act upon urban economies and social relationships to push for a general move toward democratization and decommodification. Thus, in addition to promoting cultural activities, many of these centers undertake initiatives that address a large number of current societal challenges. These are initiatives that envision the construction of other imaginaries of possibility.
In Barcelona, the development of different initiatives into a political movement, with its own particular platform of associations called Xarxa d'Espais Comunitaris (Network of Communitarian Spaces), is proof of the existence of a 'community-management' model for cultural facilities. The network includes initiatives with a wide variety of organizational forms, from okupa (squatters) social centers to officially recognized platforms that run public facilities under agreements with public administrations.
… the forms of community-management are diverse (self-management of squatted or private spaces, management of municipal facilities and resources, cooperatives in rented premises, etc.) and are not based on a single model of work but are defined in a variety of ways that have to do with values, objectives and organizational models, in terms of the management of collective needs and their relationship with the shared resources of a given territory (Balanç Comunitari 2017-2020, Xarxa d'Espais Comunitaris).

In this article, I support the idea that understanding this type of management of cultural facilities may be vital in exposing how citizens can use specific demands, collective action and organizational proposals to gain the attention of policy makers and thereby claim their right to the city (Bailey and Marcucci 2013; Harvey 2014; Iveson 2013; Kemp, Lebuhn, and Rattner 2015; Novy and Colomb 2013). In this regard, this type of research includes an examination of bottom-linked initiatives as sites seeking complex equilibriums between institutionalization, community development and collective autonomy, and therefore it is essential for increasing knowledge on social innovation initiatives at the local level (Eizaguirre et al., 2012; Oosterlynck et al. 2013; Pradel, Eizaguirre, and García 2013). As for governance nodes for transforming cities and up-scaling their livability, the management of specific cultural facilities offers the opportunity to observe the limits and challenges of previous community development models that were influenced by neoliberal counter-reforms. The performance of these facilities as places where social struggles interact and where contributive democracy is put into practice is at the core of this research. But it also highlights the existence of other (or alternative) communitarian metrics than those related to enhancing individuals' social capital. With these aims, this study focuses on cultural management practices at a level close to citizens, involving them as creators and managers of cultural governance ecosystems, while rejecting the notion that their facilities are merely places for cultural consumption. At the same time, I give special attention to the relationship between these cultural environments and the realm of social economy, particularly the interactions between communitarian-led cultural management practices and forms of social economy.


The correlation coefficients are calculated between color signatures of each two conjugate pixels from two different registered images for the same area of study. The detected pixels of changes are identified based on specific correlation value. The correlation value is identified based on degree of change sensitivity which is based on the importance of detection procedure that is considered as a main part of decision making risk and crisis management systems.


This paper analyzes slum dwellers access to basic amenities and the ways in which they gain access. Mumbai city is a city of the haves and a city of the have-nots. Among these two, one is grimy (slum) and other one is neat (non-slum). They are two distinct but inter-dependent and give Mumbai a part of its character. As per 2011 census the total population of Mumbai was 12.48 Millions. The city has experienced substantial growth rate during last five decades due to high level of industrial development and growth in the suburban areas of greater Mumbai jurisdiction. According to the 2001 census, Mumbai slum population was 54.5%. Provisional data from the 2011 census shows that nearly 41.3% of the city's population lives in slums. Dharavi is a part of G north ward and its population is 5.82 lakh with nearly 60% slums. Dharavi is no longer Asia's largest slum. It's now rivalled and dwarfed by four slum clusters in Mumbai itself, some of the major slumdweller's pockets in Mumbai & suburbs are Kurla-Ghatkopar belt (70%-80% slum population), Dindoshi belt (80% slum population), Bhandup belt (70% slum population), Mankhurd-Govandi belt (95% slum population). This paper focuses more on the living environment of households and the population of major wards such as Kurla (L), Chembur (M), and Ghatkopar (N) of Mumbai city in Maharashtra. It is understood from the primary survey that around 82% people are living in one room, having drinking water facility through common connection (says 65% people) but which is not available regularly and in sufficient quantity, 84% slum population is depending on public toilets . The drainage system in slum area is open (says 85% people). On the other hand it is also observed that 82% households have mobiles and 87% households have Television sets. This paper concludes with magnitude of problems of slum population in Mumbai & provides an overview of policy options through which governments can assist in providing adequate shelter for the growing number of poor households expected to be living in cities in the future. Key words: Slum, Urban, Population, Wards