Three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations of propagating interplanetary flux ropes are presented and compared with "in‐situ" spacecraft measurements. Flux ropes are injected near the Sun with various inclinations. Specific features followed from simulations, as double‐peak magnetic field profiles or a possibility to observe one flux rope two times by the same spacecraft, are searched in observational data.


Based on a 1988–91 sample of 826 drug-using arrestees in Los Angeles, this study compares the sexual behaviors of users whose preferred injection drug is cocaine and users with a preference for heroin or no preference between the two drugs. Sex with multiple partners is more common among users whose preferred injection drug is cocaine after variables such as age, gender, and crack use are controlled. Condom use and frequency of sex while high are not related to injection cocaine preference in this sample. These results suggest that preventive outreach to injection drug users in Los Angeles might be more effective if tailored to sexual behavior patterns that vary by injection drug.


Abstract : Creep and tensile data of pure metals above 0.45 times the melting temperature are correlated by using the equations epsilon = f(t e -DeltaH/RT, delta) and delta = f(epsilon sub s e DeltaH/RT) where epsilon is the creep, t is the test time, DeltaH is the creep-activation energy, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, delta is the applied stress, and epsilon s is the secondary creep rate). These parameters were applied successfully to creep and tensile data for Pt, Ni, Cu, Au, Al, Pb, Fe, and Zn as well as to solid-solution alloys. The quantity DeltaH was a constant for a given metal and was equal to the self-diffusion activation energy for a given metal. In addition, DeltaH was a periodic function of the atomic number.


Many early studies on penicillin and cephamycin biosynthesis were carried out in Streptomyces clavuligerus, but because of the commercial importance of clavulanic acid, most recent studies have focused on that compound. In particular, genetic engineering to generate improved clavulanic acid producer strains has been a main interest. S. clavuligerus grows and produces secondary metabolites optimally at 28 to 30°C, but it is unusually sensitive to elevated temperature and will not grow above 31 to 32°C. Liquid media employed by research groups studying the production of the various types of β-lactam metabolites produced by S. clavuligerus vary widely. Numerous bioprocess-type studies examining growth medium optimization as a means of improving production of clavulanic acid have appeared in recent years, typically reinforcing the association of soy-based growth medium constituents with high productivity. In S. clavuligerus, biosynthesis begins with the amino acids L-lysine, L-cysteine, and L-valine and proceeds through the synthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin intermediates to give the final cephamycin product. While improvements in productivity can be achieved by increasing production of pathway enzymes, another approach to achieving this is to identify genes encoding critical regulatory proteins and increase their expression levels. More global approaches to improvement of antibiotic production could also be coupled with strategies aimed at the pathway-specific regulators. Effects of greater magnitude are seen when pathway-specific regulators are targeted for overproduction, and combination approaches targeting both global and specific regulators along with individual pathway enzymes for overproduction, together with elimination of competing pathways, will likely yield even greater results.


This study is motivated by the fact that the software application and content industry advancement in Indonesia especially in the educational domain is rather limited. This has resulted in the deployment of low quality Information System (IS) for education management due to a poorly adopted system development approach. The statement is supported by many references including an example of a student registration IS (i.e. e-PSB) which did not focus on user evaluation; therefore has recorded many errors plus failed to provide a quality service; and was found to not practice a proper system development life cycle. Moreover,
literature reviews indicate that studies on the evaluation of IS have yet to determine the correlation between user satisfaction, perception and service quality factors. In regard to the above, the aim of this study is to propose a IS development approach model that pivots on user satisfaction, perception and service quality as the internal and external evaluation factors. In accomplishing the aim, three objectives are formulated; (1) develop a student registration IS prototype as a case study in Indonesia, (2) implement the internal and external evaluation of the prototype in a real setting, and (3) identify influential relationship between the user satisfaction, perception and service quality factors.
Quantitative and design research are the two main approaches followed through in this study. There are mainly three phases, (1) planning and analysis, (2) model and artefact development, and (3) implementation, data collection and evaluation. Data are collected using internal and external evaluation instruments. The internal evaluation is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS). The external is rooted on the Service Quality (SERVQUAL). Altogether 471 respondents participated where 462 are from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, lndonesia and 9 are experts. T-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis are utilized to prove 11 hypotheses. The internal evaluation factors are divided into perceived usefulness (PK), perceived ease-of-use (PKG) and user interface satisfaction (KAP). Whereas, the external factors are divided into quality service (KS), overall perception of
quality service (PKS), and overall satisfaction of quality service (KKS). The hypotheses testing show that (i) PKG and PK are significantly correlated, (ii) PK and KAP are significantly correlated, (iii) PKG and KAP are significantly correlated, (iv) PK and PKG together influence KAP significantly, (v) KS influences PKS significantly, (vi) PKS and KKS are significantly correlated, (vii) KS influences KKS significantly, (viii) KS and PKS together influence KKS significantly, and (ix) KAP influences KKS significantly. The proposed IS development approach model, which can be utilized by fellow developers and researchers to develop an IS that focuses on the internal and external evaluation factors, is the main contribution of this study. Furthermore, the prototype, that is named as PSB Terpadu and the identified relationships between the internal and external factors contribute to the software application industry, specifically in Indonesia.


CONTEXT
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in young infants, yet there is no guidance on the optimal duration of intravenous (IV) treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if shorter IV antibiotic courses (≤7 days) are appropriate for managing UTIs in infants aged ≤90 days.

METHODS
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase (February 2021) were used as data sources. Included studies reported original data for infants aged ≤90 days with UTIs, studied short IV antibiotic durations (≤7 days), and described at least 1 treatment outcome. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed. Studies were screened by 2 investigators, and bias was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool.

RESULTS
Eighteen studies with 16 615 young infants were included. The largest 2 studies on bacteremic UTI found no difference in the rates of 30-day recurrence between those treated with ≤7 vs >7 days of IV antibiotics. For nonbacteremic UTI, there was no significant difference in the adjusted 30-day recurrence between those receiving ≤3 vs >3 days of IV antibiotics in the largest 2 studies identified. Three studies of infants aged ≥30 days used oral antibiotics alone and reported good outcomes, although only 85 infants were ≤90 days old.

CONCLUSIONS
Shorter IV antibiotic courses of ≤7 days and ≤3 days with early switch to oral antibiotics should be considered in infants aged ≤90 days with bacteremic and nonbacteremic UTI, respectively, after excluding meningitis. Further studies of treatment with oral antibiotics alone are needed in this age group.


The invention discloses an immersion-type hollow fibrous membrane component and complete equipment thereof and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing a membrane component through water treatment. The immersion-type hollow fibrous membrane component consists of membrane silk bundles, membrane end sockets and a central supporting tube; the membrane silk bundles have at least four bundles and are distributed on the periphery of the central supporting tube; two ends of the membrane silk bundles are provided with one membrane end socket respectively, wherein one membrane end socket is a gas inlet end socket; and the other one is a water producing end socket. A plurality of membrane components can be combined into a small unit and a large unit till membrane stacks on the equipment so as to improve service life of the membrane silk and the membrane component; and the structural design of the membrane component concentrates the advantages that the prior strip curtain-type membrane component is uneasy to pollute and the prior columnar membrane component has large membrane filtering area into a whole and has the advantages of large membrane filtering area, convenient mounting of the membrane component, convenient maintenance and the like.


Anxiety impairs evacuees' ability to select appropriate routes during building fire and smoke evacuations. Understanding anxiety is thus essential to provide proper guidance to evacuees. However, it is challenging to model how anxiety affects evacuees' decision-making process, and how to validate the resulting approach with very limited available data. In addition, mimicking anxiety in existing simulation packages is not easy because of the lack of appropriate features in simulators. This paper captures the impacts of anxiety on route choices and the interaction with other psychological features such as responses to guidance and herding. This is achieved by using an optimization framework where the number of planning steps and values of psychological parameters are affected by anxiety. To validate our approach, the levels of anxiety were manipulated by hazardous conditions and lengths of planning horizon are evaluated by comparing derived route choices against the data in virtual reality experiments. Impacts of anxiety on large crowds were also mimicked in Fire Dynamic Simulator + Evacuation with and without effective guidance. Testing results demonstrate that effective guidance help reduce negative impacts of anxiety on route choices.


Aiming at providing an efficient hardware architecture for generalized spatial modulation (GSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, in this paper a COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) -based symbol detector is proposed. In the proposed detector, several CORDIC-based Givens rotation modules are conducted in parallel for the transmit antenna combinations (TACs) to facilitate QR-decomposition. After that, the proposed detector uses adders, shifters, and backward substitution mechanisms to currently estimate symbols for the corresponding TAC. At last, the estimated symbols and corresponding TAC index with the smallest distance measurement are chosen as the final solution. In particular, to achieve efficient hardware implementation, the architecture of the proposed detector has several features, including multiplication-free ranking mechanism, parallel CORDIC-based architectures, and shorter-bit-length multipliers. In addition, the overall architecture is pipelined to speed up the processing of the hardware. At last, computer simulations and hardware implementation are conducted under the configuration of four transmit, two active transmit, and four receive antennas. Simulation results reveal the proposed detector performs near to the optimal maximum likelihood (ML), but uses lower computational complexity. Additionally, the VLSI implementation results under the TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology show that the proposed hardware architecture requires 266K gates (KGEs), provides detection throughput 2.008 Gbps, works with pre-processing latency of 47 clock cycles, and has the hardware efficiency 7.54 (Mbps/KGEs) while operating at frequency 200.8 MHz. Moreover, implementation comparisons show the proposed architecture provides high throughput rate as well as hardware efficiency, and works with low pre-processing latency.


18 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFICIENCY OF 30-MG FLUROGESTONE ACETATE INTRAVAGINAL SPONGE (FGA-30) AND CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRUG RELEASE (CIDR) TO SYNCHRONIZE OESTRUS IN EWES A. Swelum, A. Al-Owaimer, and M. Abouheif Vol. 27, No. 1 (2015) p. 101. doi:10.1071/RDv27n1Ab18 In the text, the term 'Key Square' should be replaced by 'Chi Square'. CSIRO PUBLISHING Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2015, 27, 427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RDv27n1Ab18_CO


The invention relates to an Internet of things household appliance, a system, a wireless intelligent terminal and a data transmission and configuration method. The internet of things household appliance comprises a wireless network communication module and a first NFC module. The wireless network communication module receives a first control signal, and searches for a connectable wireless router list around the Internet of things household appliance. The first NFC module receives a second control signal sent by first equipment beyond the Internet of things household appliance, and the surrounding connectable wireless router list is acquired from the wireless network communication module. The first NFC module further acquires the corresponding identify information of one router in the surrounding connectable wireless router list from the first equipment, and the identify information is sent to the wireless network communication module. The wireless network communication module is further in network connection with the router corresponding to the identify information. According to the Internet of things household appliance, the system, the wireless intelligent terminal and the data transmission and configuration method, network configuration can be conducted on the household appliance without a display, and the household appliance is made to be access to a home network.


A method based on nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) has been used to interpret the data for the adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K within the pores of three different commercial fluid cracking catalysts (FCCs) before and after their use in a refinery catalytic cracking unit. The integral equation of adsorption was inverted by a regularization method to yield the micropore and mesopore size distribution over a wide range of pore widths. The results obtained are compared with the results of more traditional data treatments and indicate that the NLDFT model can provide a realistic pore volume and surface area estimation in commercial FCCs irrespective of their chemical composition and pore width distribution. Both BET and Langmuir methods grossly underestimate the FCCs surface area, and only the NLDFT method yields reliable surface area and pore volume measurements over the entire micro−meso porosity range present in the cataysts under study. Adsorption microcalorimetry results using ammonia as a probe ...


Compilers and authors of this book at the very beginning clearly articulated goal of that rich - almost 450 pages - work («Africa. History and historians.» (Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics. M., 2014): ".to pursue an aim to figure out how peoples and countries in sub-Saharan and South Africa (once said - Sub-Saharan Africa) see their past, see the place of their past in the history of mankind. Published work is an attempt to explain the phenomenon of the birth of the African historical thought and its national branches in their conflict and interaction with the Western historical tradition. Analysis of African forms of historical thought is held in a wide cultural and historical, socio-political and intercivilizational contexts.


This paper describes a new induction motor secondary resistance identification based on the theory of Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS). The identifier proposed in this paper can identify the secondary resistance under any condition even if the motor generates no torque. In this paper the necessity to add an alternating component into the primary current which direction corresponds to that of secondary interlinked flux is described. And the system is translated into the equivalent nonlinear feedback system. So the identification algorithm is lead in,· order to make it stable. The experimental results show the availability of this identifier.


In this work which consists of the passage from a patrimonial syste to a nation state, we have tried to show the structural characteristics of a specific form of transition of a political order named as "theocratical authority" -which corresponds to a model of ottoman patrimonial system defined by max weber as "sultanic power" or "sultanism" - to a new order named "democratic authority" (i. E. Passage to a limited democracy placed under the control of the military elite). We have taken the opportunity to analyse in details the concrete mechanism of this specific transition method to a "capitalism which we have qualified and named as "centralist transition mode". This work shows the genesis and dynamics of an etatist systeme and puts into evidence the tensions and contradictions in its applications.


Post prints of a one day conference held on Thursday 14th June 2007 at The Oakdale Institute, St Fagans: National History Museum, Cardiff. Conference organised by the Federation of Museums and Art Galleries of Wales and National Museum Wales, supported by CyMAL.


A novel compound [Mn(bip)2Cl2·4H2O] (1) [bip = 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline] has been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, infrared spectrum (IR), XRD spectra (X-ray powder diffraction), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group pbcn with a = 1.4820, b = 0.8961, c = 2.8105 nm, β = 90°. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that compound 1 is zero-dimensional (0D) architecture, and the existence of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions lead the 0D to 2D novel frameworks. Hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions are powerful interactions for directing supra-molecular architectures. TG analysis shows clear courses of weight loss, which corresponds to the decomposition of different ligands. The luminescent properties for the ligand bip and compound 1 are also discussed.


This invention discloses a method for preparing 9-fatty-amino-substituted berberine derivative used as an anti-tumor agent. A fatty-amino side chain is introduced to 9-site of berberine frame. The berberine derivative can react with telomere DNA or proto-oncogene c-myc DNA, and inhibit the activities of telomere/telomerase in tumor cells and expression of proto-oncogene c-myc DNA. Experiments show that the berberine derivative can inhibit several tumor cell lines, and has low toxicity on normal cells. The berberine derivative can thus be used to prepare anti-tumor drugs.


Charged skyrmions or spin-textures in the quantum Hall ferromagnet at filling factor nu=1 are reinvestigated using the Hartree-Fock method in the lowest Landau level approximation. It is shown that the single Slater determinant with the minimum energy in the unit charge sector is always of the hedgehog form. It is observed that the magnetization vector's length deviates locally from unity, i.e. a bag is formed which accommodates the excess charge. In terms of a gradient expansion for extended spin-textures a novel O(3) type of effective action is presented, which takes bag formation into account.


Are aliens transdimensional entities?, By this I have meant to say those beings rather living beings that are existent on different dimensions greater than our 4 that is our normal space-time dimensions. We have enough evidence from the Lorentz generators of the string theory that the maximum space-time dimensions can take the value upto 10, if time is considered as a singular dimension. However, in certain theories like the M-theory where there exists the 11th dimensions as SUGRA or supersymmetric gravity (graviton with gravitino) which on F-theory the dimensional regularization has been taken to 12 by splitting time into 2 dimensions with a higher degrees of freedom. It is very much possible and probable that in a higher dimensions d≫4 time can take the form of 2D where the local nature of 1D time would behave as a singular loop of various multiplicities as a non-local 2D element. In our 4 dimensions also, if we are sustained to believe time being a non-local element with the Einstein's principle of "spontaneously happening past, present and future then we ought to believe that 1D local time itself acts as a 2D non-local time. Considering the dimensional range of spatial and temporal factor ~ 3+1 it can be said that there are higher ~ 6 additional spatial dimensions which are connected with the lower ~ 3+1 co-dimensions in the form of various inter-dimensional tunnels that specifies the initial and final positions from a lower dimensions to a higher dimensions. Without considering, in this paper, the respective size of the dimensions, if all those space-time dimensions ~ 6+1 are there, then it's probable that there exists some particular creatures over those various dimensions. However, just as 4D consists of all the 3, 2, 1D's, similarly the higher order dimensions like 10D would also contains 9, 8, 7, 6, 5…. 1D's, therefore it can be said that 10D is very unstable and chaotic because of the intersections of various lower co-dimensions that exists in reality. There must be an inter-dimensional membrane that protects one dimensions from the other and those inter-dimensional tunnels, that exists in between (connecting) those dimensions must have an unstable mouth wandering unpredictably from one hyper-surface to another where if anyone gets caught in any of those tunnels mouth' devoid of any singularities and horizons, then they ought to travel to the other dimensions that will always be >4 as permitted by the laws of physics standing on the 4D universe. Now, analyzing the vehicles that they used to transport from one point in spacetime to other, A detailed analysis on the engineering and phenomenology with respect to mechanisms of the unidentified aerial objects has been carried out extensively on the paper depicting why they are more advanced and on what mechanisms are they capable of the interstellar & intergalactic travel by virtue of electrohydrodynamics and semi-quantum kinetics.
KEYWORDS – Hyper-surfaces; Hyper-membranes; Inter-dimensional tunnel, Cauchy horizon, Singularity, Cross-sections, Monodromy, Time slices, Co-dimensions; String theory; Average null energy conditions; f(R,T) gravity.


Handwritten Mathematical Expression
recognition and grading system is a challenging task in the
field of pattern recognition. A lot of researchers have
already worked on Handwritten Mathematical Expression
recognition and have used various classifiers. In past,
Convolutional Neural Network, also called CNN, has been
highly used for recognizing patterns. In this paper, We
propose an idea to recognize HME and evaluate offline
using CNN for classification. The steps included are, first
the worksheet is scanned and is sent to the work-spaces
detection module where it will return all the rectangular
work-spaces from the given worksheet, then the workspaces are sent to the line extraction module to extract all
the lines. The extracted lines are then passed to the
character segmentation module where it will segment the
character and then characters will be classified using deep
learning model DCCNN. Finally, the evaluation module will
assess the line and draw a green/red bounding box
depending on whether the line is correct or not.


Since apheresises and blood collection systems were acknowledged by the Ministry of Public Welfare in Japan in April 1986, a lot of plasma or platelet products have been collected from volunteers by these systems. Among these platelet products, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet concentrate (PC) have an apparent weak point which is the contamination of many leukocytes (107-109/bag). Therefore we studied the removal of leukocytes from the apheresis' platelet products by the following two methods and the following results were obtained.1) The centrifuging method:The recovery of platelets: 78.9%, The removal of leukocytes: 88.4%.2) The Imugard filter method:The recovery of platelets: 89.0%, The removal of leukocytes: 96.0% or more, Thefunctions of platelets: normal.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neuroinflammatory disease and one of the leading reasons for neurological disability among young people in the Western World. MS patients commonly experience neuropsychiatric symptoms including depression and cognitive dysfunction. The aims of this thesis were to (study I-III) epidemiologically study the occurrence of common psychiatric diagnoses and their consequences, such as disability pension (DP) and suicide, among MS patients, and (study IV) examine the association between inflammatory biomarkers, depression and stressful events in a clinical cohort of MS patients. For studies I-III, Swedish national and clinical registers were used to identify patients with MS from the 1960s to 2012 (n=10,75029,617) and non-MS comparison subjects, as well as several covariates including sociodemographic data, disability pension, psychiatric diagnoses, prescriptions of psychiatric drugs, and attempted and completed suicide. Statistical analyses estimated the adjusted risks for a) having psychiatric diagnoses, b) the risk for being granted DP if having a psychiatric diagnosis, c) the prescription patterns of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines and sleeping medications in the years around DP, and d) the risk for attempted and completed suicide. For study IV, 47 patients with MS in a clinical setting were assessed using self-rating scales and clinical interviews regarding symptoms and diagnosis of depression, and exposure to violence in childhood or adult life. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels were analyzed and compared with results from the psychiatric ratings. In study I-III, MS patients were at higher risk for having most psychiatric diagnoses and medications compared to non-MS subjects. MS patients with psychiatric diagnoses or medications had a higher risk for DP compared to those without. MS patients with DP had a higher risk for prescription of SSRIs and benzodiazepines than non-MS subjects with DP. MS patients had a nearly doubled risk for both attempted and completed suicide. In study IV, higher IL-6 levels were associated with depressive symptoms and exposure to violence in adult life, while IL-8 levels were not associated with any investigated parameters. We conclude that MS patients are at risk for psychiatric comorbidity, with increased rates of serious consequences such as DP and attempted and completed suicide. Furthermore, DP is not associated with a decrease in psychiatric drug prescription, as in non-MS patients. Also, both depressive symptoms and exposure to violence were associated with an inflammatory biomarker in CSF in MS patients, further establishing the association between neuroinflammation, psychiatric symptoms and exposure to stress. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Brenner P, Alexanderson K, Bjorkenstam C, Hillert J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Tinghög P. Psychiatric diagnoses, medication and risk for disability pension in multiple sclerosis patients; a population-based register study. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104165 II. Brenner P, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Jokinen J, Alexanderson K, Hillert J, Tinghög P. Prescribed psychiatric medication among multiple sclerosis patients before and after disability pension: a register study with matched controls. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2016 Jul;51(7):1047-54. III. Brenner P, Burkill S, Jokinen J, Hillert J, Bahmanyar S, Montgomery S. Multiple sclerosis and risk of attempted and completed suicide a cohort study. European Journal of Neurology. 2016 Aug;23(8):1329-36. IV. Brenner P, Granqvist M, Königsson J, Al Nimer F, Piehl F, Jokinen J. Cerebrospinal fluid immunomarkers in multiple sclerosis; relationship with stress exposure and severity of depression. Manuscript. CONTENTS 1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Multiple sclerosis ................................................................................................... 7 1.1.


Objectives: The Coronary Revascularisation Outcome Questionnaire (CROQ) is a patient reported outcome measure. It is used to measure health related outcomes from the patient's perspective before and after coronary revascularisation procedures (PTCA and CABG). This study involved the translation and validation of the Coronary Revascularisation Outcome Questionnaire into Hindi language (CROQ-H). Methodology: The English version of the CROQ was translated into Hindi version; some terms were revised to, adjust for the sociocultural status of the Indian environment. Ten patients completed the questionnaire in a pilot to check for comprehension and, face validity. In the field study, subjects were recruited from Geetanjali Cardiac Centre (GCC), Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Geetanjali University, Udaipur, India. Questionnaires were self-administered. Analysis included acceptability, reliability (internal consistency and test–retest), validity (factor analysis, known-groups and responsiveness testing. Results: A total of 470 patients gave informed consent to participate and 391(83%) of these participated in field study. All versions were met pre-specified criteria; (1) acceptability of items (low missing data)); (2) reliability: internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.70, item total correlations >0.30) and test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.70); (3) construct validity based on within-scale analyses (internal consistency (Cronbach's α >0.70).


The relationship of inoculum concentration, determined by partially dried mycelial weight, to pathogenicity on germinating soybean seeds demonstrated that concentrations between 4 and 10g of mycelium per 2 liter of vermiculite were sta tistically equal and superior to concentrations lower than 4g. Studies on the effect of inoculum age upon pathogenicity on soybean showed that as the fungus aged, the pathogenicity decreased. (Fitopatologia Brasileira 3: 193204, 1978)


A comparative study was performed with juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from three stocks in Western Norway that differ in their natural conditions. One is from warm, lowland river conditions (Årdal), one is from cold glacial river conditions (Stryn) and the last one (Suldalslågen) is from a hydropower‐regulated river. The salmon parr were tagged and reared at 4, 5.5 and 7 °C and simulated natural water temperature (SNT) for river Suldalslågen. Size distribution was unimodal at 4 °C, with a change to a bimodal distribution, representing potential 1+ and 2+ smolts, at the other temperature regimes. The relative biomass of 1+ smolts varied between the stocks as Stryn (cold glacial river) stock had the highest number of smolts at 7 °C and the Suldalsågen stock (hydropower‐regulated river) displaying the highest number at the SNT regime. Overall, the Stryn stock, originating from cold river conditions, seemed to be well adapted to growth and smoltification at cold temperatures, whereas salmon parr from river Suldalslågen seem to be better adapted to the natural temperature regime (SNT) of this river than the other two stocks. This was reflected in the gill Na+,K+‐ATPase as the Suldalslågen stock showed increasing activity from 16 April (4.2 µmol ADP mg protein−1 h−1) to 10 May (9.2 µmol ADP mg protein−1 h−1), and at the end of the experiment, enzyme activity in Suldalslågen stock was significantly higher than both Stryn (5.7) and Årdal (5.9 µmol ADP mg protein−1 h−1) stock. In contrast, the warm lowland stock, Årdal, fish had low Na+,K+‐ATPase activity with no distinct peak at any of the sampled dates from March through May. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Based on the compare of voltage source and current source PWM rectifier,designed a three Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier by the thread of modular design.The design included main circuit,driving circuit,detection circuit and protective circuit.the whole system is emulated by MATLAB/ SIMULINK,experiment and simulation results verify this design can attain the goal of improveing power factor.


BackgroundIn a previous study, binding of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 to the dopamine transporter (DAT) was found to be higher in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to healthy controls. AimTo determine whether the degree of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 binding to the striatal DAT may have a predictive role on the response to methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with ADHD. MethodsTwenty-two adult patients suffering from ADHD underwent a brain SPECT scan with 99mTc-TRODAT-1. After the scan patients received MPH, individually medicated up to 60 mg·day−1. Severity of illness was estimated using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI-S) Scale before treatment. Ten weeks after the beginning of MPH treatment the improvement in global symptoms was rated by the Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I). ResultsBefore treatment 17/22 patients with ADHD presented with higher striatal DAT binding as compared to age-matched healthy controls (+23.8%; P<0.01). After treatment with MPH a significant improvement of ADHD symptoms was demonstrated by the CGI-I in 16 of these 17 patients (CGI-S before: 4.8; CGI-I after MPH: 1.9; P<0.01). Five patients showed reduced DAT binding prior to therapy (−14.4%; P=0.04); these patients did not respond to MPH therapy (CGI-S before: 4.5; CGI-I after MPH: 4.2; P=0.40). ConclusionOur findings suggest that ADHD patients with primarily elevated binding of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 to the striatal DAT responded better to therapy with MPH as compared to those with normal or low DAT binding. Consequently, our results – even if obtained on a small collective indicate that measurement of DAT may be an important prognostic predictor for therapy response to MPH.


Objective
To explore the effect of group psychological intervention based on positive psychology theory in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with depression.

Methods
A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes with depression were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. 30 patients in each group received hypoglycemic treatment.The control group was treated with routine nursing methods, while the intervention group was treated with positive psychological theory for 3 times per week, 10 weeks.Before intervention, 10 weeks after intervention, 3 months after discharge, and 6 months after discharge were assessed for self-rating depression scale(SDS)and self-management ability scale(SDSCA) scores of patients with diabetes and FPG, 2 h PG and HbA1c.

Results
The SDS score and FPG, 2 h PG and HbA1c of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group at 10 weeks, 3 months after discharge, and 6 months after discharge, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After 10 weeks of intervention, SDSCA scores of patients in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after discharge and 6 months after discharge, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). SDSCA score of the two groups increased with time extension, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The SDSCA score in the intervention group increased more than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Based on positive psychology theory, group psychological intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with depression is helpful to cultivate positive psychology, improve depressive symptoms, lift daily life self-care ability and control blood sugar level.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes; Depression; Positive psychology


The 1986 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement award went to Chicago's Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) Mainstream Tunnel and Pumping Station. The $975 million project is part of the larger TARP project that intercepts stormwater in deep tunnels, stores it, then sends it through an existing treatment plant. In the first year of operation, the Mainstream Tunnel eliminated 80% of the combined sewage pollution proble ms throughout Chicago and 15 nearby suburbs, a 204 sq mile area. The 31 mile long Mainstream Tunnel, 13 to 33 ft in diameter, is the largest hardrock system on record. The pumping station is the largest ever built underground, with twin chambers 270 ft long, 64 ft wide and 90 ft high. Phase II of TARP will further solve water problems by controlling the flooding that occurs during heavy storms, channeling the water into surface reservoirs. TARP is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago. Harza Engineers are principal consultants.


This paper analyses the characteristics and principles of the public library office work in the new situation, points out some problems that the effect of office staff to improve their comprehensive quality, summed up the office staff several effective ways to improve their comprehensive quality.


A filter assembly comprising a conditioning apparatus, the upstream of an air mass meter conditioned air flow. The filter assembly includes a support frame. The filter assembly further includes a filter medium which is connected to the support frame, wherein the filter medium has a dirty, configured for receiving an air flow side and a clean, configured for outputting a filtered through the filter medium the air flow side. The filter assembly includes a conditioning device which is connected to the support frame, wherein said conditioning device is positioned in a downstream direction from the clean side of the filter medium with respect to the air flow, wherein the conditioning is offset from the clean side of the filter medium by a separation distance.


Mycobacterium rhodochrous was isolated from the skin of a knee lesion that was acquired following horseback riding. The location of the patient's lesion and the finding of similar lesions in the horse suggest the possible transmission of the disease from the horse to the patient. Clinical history and bacteriological data are discussed. The suggestion is made that M rhodochrous could be a pathogen in this case.


The light speed paradoxon which was until now explained by the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) and was not understood according to classic physics, is now freely explained by the laws of classic physics. The explanation is extended on all other kinds of oscillations without or with medium. Complex approaches like Einsteins space time continuum and SRT miss their basis and therefore are unnecessary.


was decorated. The seventh stratum introduces us to what appear to have been the earliest occupants of Billah. Again it will be necessary to penetrate further inside the mound before we can uncover the buildings of the period. The edge of the mound, where the excavated area lies, corresponded to the outskirts of the earliest city. The section was used for storing grain and, as was usual in all the later strata, for burials. The grain was kept in deep silos of hard-packed clay. Five of them were opened, yielding numerous fragments of plain, painted and incised pottery. The painted ware was mostly of the chalice type, which must have been very characteristic of the age, and which provides a valuable criterion for dating. The burials are different from those of the later strata in that the body is laid invariably in a crouching position. The funerary pottery of this level consists generally of squat bowls with unusually broad rims. As a rule, small bowls are employed as lids for larger ones. A number of them have been brought up in an excellent state of preservation. Generally, a cylinder seal was placed with the dead. The material is ivory, and the style for the most part geometric, but not exclusively so. One seal shows a row of ibexes rendered in a distinctly stylized manner, strikingly similar to the painted ibexes of early Susa. Does it mean that we have here a deposit of the fourth millennium B. c.? For the answer to this interesting question we must wait till next season. Work at Billah will close in a few days. Our first season has provided us with specimens of the several cultures represented at Billah. The area excavated represents a very small part of the mound; a section close to the edge and used as a necropolis for three millennia. For better insight into those successive and little known civilizations excavation is necessary nearer the heart of the site. Future seasons at Billah are sure to contribute important chapters to the early history of Mesopotamia, which is in many important aspects the early history of civilization as well.


Overview According to a survey conducted by the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry in early June during the novel coronavirus pandemic, 67 3% of small- and medium-sized enterprises based in Tokyo have implemented teleworking (remote working) Companies that have not yet introduced teleworking have cited changing internal systems and ensuring security as issues preventing implementing teleworking and have asked the government for support (relaxation of requirements for subsidy programs, expansion of target costs covered by such programs, etc ) and to provide usage examples of teleworking We interviewed Teruyuki Kishimoto, executive vice president of NTT WEST, about how the company should respond to these needs and the outlook and attitude of the company, which has reached a turning point since its founding 20 years ago © 2020 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp All rights reserved


Solving errors that occurred in some system used in today's companies takes a lot of time. Thanks to different internet sources developers and system vii administrators can easily share solutions to these errors. This bachelor thesis aims to find a solution to such error if the solution exists. To make this possible this bachelor thesis firstly analyses information retrieval systems and their properties. Secondly it analyses existing methods for key phrase extraction from text, specifically from error messages. Finally, it analyses systems that provide solutions to different errors. In the implementation part of the thesis the implementation of system which is designed based on previous analysis is described. Created system should primarily save time spent solving an error by minimizing the time needed to find a solution on the Internet.


The article considers a concrete example of the historical experience of the North Caucasian Scientific Center of Higher Education in social cognition and science. The authors rely on the position of the universality of the principle of historicism in the study of nature and society. Despite the regional limitations of the functioning of the North Caucasus Scientific Center of Higher Education, he illustrated the unifying creative impact on the course of scientific, educational, and cultural life of the North Caucasus region. This is not the only experience of overcoming obstacles, within the framework of rigid social bureaucratic obstacles and barriers to the unification and creative interaction of scientists, teachers, cultural workers, but it is vivid and noticeable


This study assessed the quality of groundwater in south of Basrah governorate from three regions (Zubair, Safwan and um-Qaser), as well as its expediency for drinking purposes and irrigation. Fifty groundwater specimens from various locations were, whereas their physical and chemical parameters were assessed. The WQI was used to measure overall water quality, and the results were displayed using GIS. The calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) took twelve physiochemical parameters into account, including pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Na + , K + , SO 4-2 , Cl - , HCO 3-and NO 3. The groundwater in Basrah was found to be of generally low quality, with significant levels of salinity, hardness, and TDS. The groundwater in the research region was not fit for human consumption, according to (WHO, 2011) standards for drinking water. Applying WQI revealed that, with the exception of two wells, the ground water in the research area was classed as very poor-unsuitable type. The GIS analysis assisted in identifying the places with the best water quality and those with the most serious issues. The groundwater of research region was used for irrigation purposes. The indices considered included SAR, SSP AND MH%. The groundwater from the study area is generally in good condition and may be utilized for irrigation, as shown by the estimated water indices when compared to the accepted standards.


Technological developments facilitate payment transactions. In 2020, Bank Indonesia issued a regulation that supports QR payments using the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS). PT ABC is one of the banks that launched a QR payment feature on mobile banking with QRIS standards to make it easier for customers to make payment transactions at various merchants. In its implementation, the interest of QR payment users still tends to be small, so an analysis of the interests of QR payment users is carried out. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence user interest by using a modified UTAUT model. The UTAUT model was modified by adding variables to perceived trust, perceived risk, perceived regulatory support, and promotional benefits. The population taken is the company's customers in the DKI Jakarta area and it takes 403 samples for this case study. The results of empirical analysis show that 8 out of 12 hypotheses are considered proven where business expectations, social influence, perceived trust, perceived risk, perceptions of regulatory support, promotion benefits, age-moderated performance expectations, and age-moderate effort expectations have a significant effect on behavioral intentions, while performance expectations, facilitation conditions, business expectations are moderated by experience and social influence.


Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. More than 20 Leishmania species infect humans and the disease is endemic in several areas of the Old and New World. Existing therapies for leishmaniasis are inadequate due to resistance, safety and cost, underscoring the necessity for safer therapies with alternative modes of action. The entry of molecular biology with its elucidation of the genomics and proteomics of these organisms has provided increasingly sophisticated explanations of their unique mechanisms to adapt to intense environmental pressures. An interesting feature of the Leishmania (and other trypanosomatids) genome is the unusual nature of transcription and RNA processing. Protein-coding genes are organized into long gene clusters, and the resulting polycistronic RNAs are post-transcriptionally processed into mature mRNAs by concomitant trans-splicing and polyadenylation. These and other unique features are not shared with its host, thus offering new and exciting new avenues for therapeutic intervention.


Friction stir processing (FSP) is an alternative way to produce the surface composites of aluminium alloy in order to modify the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties. In this experiment, Al6061 aluminium alloy has been chosen to be used as the matrix base plate for the FSP. Al606 has potential for the use in advanced application but it has low wear resistance. While, the reinforced used was rice husk ash (RHA) in order to produce surface composites which increased the micro hardness of the plate composites. The Al6061 was stirred individually and with 5 weight % of RHA at three different tool rotational speeds of 800 rpm, 1000 rpm and 1200 rpm. After running the FSP, the result in the distribution of particles and the micro hardness of the specimens were identified. The result showed that Al6061 plate with the existing 5 weight % of RHA reinforced at the highest of tool rotational speeds of 1200rpm has the best distribution of particles and the highest result in average of micro hardness with 80Hv.


The peak of the mass flux of impactors striking the lunar surface is made up of objects approximately 200 micrometers in diameter that erode rocks, comminute regolith grains, and produce agglutinates. The effects of these micro-scale impacts are still not fully understood. Much effort has focused on evaluating the physical and optical effects of micrometeorite impacts on lunar and meteoritic material using pulsed lasers to simulate the energy deposited into a substrate in a typical hypervelocity impact. Here we characterize the physical and chemical changes that accompany natural micrometeorite impacts into lunar rocks with long surface exposure to the space environment (12075 and 76015). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations were obtained from cross-sections of approximately 10-20 micrometers diameter craters that revealed important micro-structural details of micrometeorite impact processes, including the creation of npFe (sup 0) in the melt, and extensive deformation around the impact site.


Japanese flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus, is a temperate marine species cultured in coastal areas of Japan, Korea, and China. Recent annual production is roughly estimated to be 28,000 metric tons (MT) in these areas. Flounder culture is totally dependent on the supply of artificially produced juveniles, and is mostly done in flowthrough systems. Japan developed and established the seed production technology of this species. Until the 1980s, flounder was cultured only in Japan, but through the transfer of technologies from Japan to Korea, and then China, production has increased rapidly. Products are distributed as live fish and consumed as raw fish, or "sashimi", at a relatively high price. Flounder culture has suffered from the outbreak of various diseases, together with a decreased demand in its niche market. Closed recirculating systems and deep seawater utilization should be considered as countermeasures to reduce the cost and improve the quality in the future.


Background: Novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than three and half million deaths worldwide as of June 6, 2021. The role of aspirin in prevention of COVID-19 mortality has not been much studied. We aimed to study the relationship between aspirin use and covid-19 mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database for studies from January 2019 till June 6, 2021 with inclusion criteria of RCT, Cohort study, studies reporting mortality, and comparison studies on aspirin versus non-aspirin. Statistical analysis was done with Review Manager 5.4 statistical software using the inverse variance method. We assessed the pooled hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval using the random effect model and I-squared test was used to determine statistical heterogeneity. Results: We included five retrospective cohort studies which met our inclusion criteria with total of 14065 participants in both groups. There were 6797 participants in the aspirin group and 7268 participants in the non-aspirin group. Our results show that the use of aspirin was associated with 53% decrease in mortality compared to non-aspirin in patients with COVID-19 (adjusted HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.63, P< 0.001, I2= 47%). In the analysis restricted to patients hospitalized for COVID-19, the use of aspirin was associated with a 49% reduction in the risk for in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33-0.80, P = 0.004, I2= 39%). Conclusions: Our results show that aspirin is associated with decrease in both overall mortality and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.


The measurement of subsurface thermophysical parameters is an important part of extraterrestrial exploration. Because the contact thermal resistance cannot be accurately estimated in thermal problems, it is often difficult to have an accurate solution for thermal probe models. In this work, we develop a robotic thermal probe based on the transient hot wire method to measure the thermophysical parameters of the lunar soil, and a data-driven analytic method to interpret the temperature data of the formation through the active heating. This device is conveyed by a drill pipe and penetrated into the sidewall of borehole by a piercing mechanism. In this way, the contact thermal resistance is minimized in the regolith. A finite element model is built to create the training dataset. In addition, a vacuum vessel is built to simulate the probe under the lunar environment. An inversion model based on enhanced machine learning algorithm with Newton iterative method is proposed to obtain the accurate prediction of thermal physical parameters. Especially, for the lunar regolith simulant with a low thermal conductivity, the accuracy of this improved neural network model is more than 92%. Overall, it provides a novel technique to measure the thermophysical parameters of regolith on the moon.


Research on humanoid robots for use in servicing tasks, e.g. fetching and delivery, attracts steadily more interest. With "Rollin' Justin" a mobile robotic system and research platform is presented that allows sophisticated control algorithms and dexterous manipulation. This video gives an overview of the mobile humanoid robotic system "Rollin' Justin" with special emphasis on mechanical design features, control issues and high-level system capabilities such as human robot interaction.


6o8. No supposition seems to me more natural than that there is no process in the brain correlated with associating or with thinking; so that it would be impossible to read off thought-processes from brain-processes. I mean this: if I talk or write there is, I assume, a system of impulses going out from my brain and correlated with my spoken or written thoughts. But why should the system continue further in the direction of the centre? The case would be like the followingcertain kinds of plants multiply by seed, so that a seed always produces a plant of the same kind as that from which it was produced-but nothing in the seed corresponds to the plant which comes from it; so that it is impossible to infer the properties or structure of the plant from those of the seed that comes from it-this can only be done from the history of the seed. So an organism might come into being even out of something quite amorphous, as it were causelessly; and there is no reason why this should not really hold for our thoughts, and hence for our talking and writing. 609. It is thus perfectly possible that certain psychological phenomena cannot be investigated physiologically, because physiologically nothing corresponds to them. 6io. I saw this man years ago: now I have seen him again, I recognize him. I remember his name. And why does there have to be a cause of this remembering in my nervous system? Why must something or other, whatever it may be, be stored up there in any form? Why must a trace have been left behind? Why should there not be a psychological regularity to which no physiological regularity corresponds? If this upsets our concept of causality then it is high time it was upset.


In advanced technology nodes, detailed routing becomes the most complicated and runtime consuming stage. To spur detailed routing research, ISPD 2018 initial detailed routing contest is hosted and it is the first ISPD contest on detailed routing problem. In this contest, the benchmarks synthesized by industrial tool and library are released, which consider the design rules like spacing table, cut spacing, end-of-line spacing, and min-area rules. In addition, the global routing guide is provided associated to each benchmark, and detailed routers are required to honor the routing guides as much as possible meanwhile minimize design-rule-checking (DRC) violations. The biggest benchmark released in this contest has near-millions of nets, so the runtime and memory scalability for detailed routers need to be well addressed. To reduce routers' runtime, the deterministic multithreading framework is encouraged but optional in this contest.


A few years ago I wrote a paper that was published in this journal (Kilsby 2002) titled 'How can Menorca progress towards sustainable transport?'. At the time, the focus was on Menorca and sustainability. The paper pointed out the very high car usage of the island, the similarities with Australia despite the great difference in size, and the concentration of cardependency-related problems it brought. It reviewed the main modes of transport on the island, and concluded that none of the conventional alternatives would shake the stranglehold of the internal combustion engined vehicle. It briefly suggested three unconventional alternatives: car sharing, the Segway 'human transporter', and personal rapid transit (PRT) - referred to as a type of 'Ultra-Light Rail' in the original paper - as being worth trying and evaluating.


Retinal blood vessels analysis from colour fundus images is conducted by ophthalmologists for retinal diseases diagnoses, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, maculopathy as well as macular oedema. This study applies the combination of 2D Gabor wavelet with morphological reconstruction on fundus images for obtaining segmented retinal blood vessels. The proposed approach is validated on sixty colour retinal images taken from two database, i.e. DRIVE and STARE. The performance of this study is evaluated by measuring sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. On DRIVE database, the accuracy which is obtained by the proposed approach is up to 95.87%. While on STARE database, the accuracy obtained is 89.46%. These results show that the proposed approach has successfully performed in segmenting retinal blood vessels on colour retinal images.


COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. By J. Eugene Haas and Thomas E. Drabek. New York: The Mac‐millan Company, 1973; pp. v+416. $10.95. ORGANIZATIONS, STRUCTURE AND PROCESS. By Richard H. Hall. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1972; pp. xi+354. $9.95. THE CREATION OF SETTINGS AND THE FUTURE SOCIETIES. By Seymour B. Sarason. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass Inc., 1972; pp. ix+295. $10.50. THE LIMITS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. By Herbert Kaufman. University: The University of Alabama Press, 1971; pp. 124. $5.75. MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY. By Anant R. Negandhi. Edited Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 1973; pp. 404. $10.00. ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS: A TEXT READER IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS. By Koya Azumi and Jerald Hage. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath and Company, 1972; pp. v+582. $10 95. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION. By Gerald M. Goldhaber. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Company, Publishers, 1974; pp. v+391. $6.95.


This thetis engages in market of corporate benefits for employees and business partners. It analyse competition and potentional customers of this market and the founded information was a basis for a project that enables better use of cheque of Baťa on the market.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standardized seton therapy combined with the counterparts drainage improved surgical approach on the treatment of high anal fistula,and to form the technical specifications and application programs.Methods 120 patients of high anal fistula (simple and complex) from three centers were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,60 cases in each group.SPSS 16.0 was used to make a statistical analysis on actual enrolled patients,fall off and excluded patients.Demographics,distribution of cases and baseline data were also compared between the two groups to determine the efficacy and safety.The treatment group was treated with a modified hanging line with their counterpart drainage; while the control group was treated with traditional low cut high hanging line method.The length of healing time,hung off times,healing time,postoperative pain,anal and manometry were observed in both groups.Results Among 120 cases,118 eases were effective and 2 eases excluded off Healing time of the treatment group (29.87±3.93)d was less than the control group(35.32±8.61)d,P<0.05.Hang off time of the treatment group (13.73±3.15)d was less than the control group (14.98±6.84) d,P<0.05.Although the postoperative pain scores of the treatment group was lower than the control group,but with not statistical significance.Anal manometry was within the normal range,and anal function was not affected.Conclusion The quantitative hung up with the improved counterparts drainage surgical methods were safe and effective in the treatment of high anal fistula.

Key words:
Standardization of seton therapy;  High complex anal fistula


Virtual simulation testing is becoming indispensable for the intelligence testing of intelligent vehicles. However, even the most advanced simulation software provides rather limited test conditions. In the long run, intelligent vehicles are expected to work at SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) level 4 or level 5. Researchers should make full use of virtual simulation scenarios to test the visual intelligence algorithms of intelligent vehicles under various imaging conditions. In this paper, we create realistic artificial scenes to simulate the self-driving scenarios, and collect a dataset of synthetic images from the virtual driving scenes, named "ParallelEye-CS". In the artificial scenes, we can flexibly change environmental conditions and automatically acquire accurate and diverse ground-truth labels. As a result, ParallelEye-CS has six ground-truth labels and includes twenty types of tests, which are divided into normal, environmental, and difficult tasks. Furthermore, we utilize ParallelEye-CS in combination with other publicly available datasets to conduct experiments for visual object detection. The experimental results indicate that: 1) object detection algorithms of intelligent vehicles can be tested under various scenario challenges; 2) mixed dataset can improve the accuracy of object detection algorithms, but domain shift is a serious issue worthy of attention.


Disruptive behavior problems in children represent a serious, highly prevalent, and costly public health problem (Klein & Mannuzza, 1991). Early intervention is critical to prevent negative developmental trajectories and outcomes. To date, research efforts have yielded a number of efficacious treatments for childhood disruptive behavior. One such intervention is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT; Eyberg & Boggs, 1998). Based on Baumrind's construction of authoritative parenting and emphasizing both attachment and social learning theory principles (cf. Foote, Eyberg, & Schuhmann, 1998), PCIT focuses on changing ineffective parent-child interaction patterns. In the first of two phases of treatment, Child-Directed Interaction (CDI), parents engage their child in a play situation. CDI aims to restructure the parent-child relationship and provide the child with a secure attachment to his or her parent. The development of a secure, stable attachment relationship and healthy parent-child interactions are key to the development of a healthy self-concept, optimal emotional/behavioral regulation, and the ability to be empathic to others (see Grossmann, Grossmann, & Zimmermann, 1999; Hobbs, 1982; Kazdin, 1985). Attachment theory asserts that sensitive and responsive parenting leads the infant to develop a cognitive-affective working model that he or she will be responded to when necessary. Thus, young children whose parents show greater warmth, responsiveness, and sensitivity to the child's signals are more likely to develop a secure working model of their relationship and more effective emotional regulation (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). Maladaptive attachment is consistently linked to children's aggressive behavior, low social competence, poor coping skills, low self esteem, and poor peer relationships (Coie et al., 1993; Earls, 1980; Jenkins, Bax, & Hart, 1980; Richman, Stevenson, & Graham, 1982; Rutter, 1980). The second phase of treatment, Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI), introduces specific behavior management techniques to address disruptive behavior. Patterson's (1982) coercion theory also provides a transactional account of early disruptive behavior (cf. Foote et al., 1998) in which child disruptive behavior disorders are inadvertently established and/or maintained by the parent-child interactions. While not disputing the importance of either the biological underpinnings of behavior or positive parent responsiveness, social learning theorists emphasize the contingencies that shape the dysfunctional interactions of disruptive children and their parents. PDI specifically addresses these processes by establishing consistent contingencies for the child's behaviors that are implemented in the context of the positive parent-child relationship established through the CDI interactions. Treatment is guided by assessment and continues until parents master the interaction skills and child behavior problems fall within the normal range (Neary & Eyberg, 2002). PCIT outcome research has demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in the disruptive behavior of preschool age children (Eyberg & Robinson, 1982; Schuhmann, Foote, Eyberg, Boggs, & Algina, 1998). These studies have documented the superiority of PCIT to wait-list controls (McNeil, Capage, Bahl, & Blanc, 1999; Schuhmann, Foote et al., 1998), classroom controls (McNeil, Eyberg, Eisenstadt, Newcomb, & Funderburk, 1991), and to parent group didactic training (Eyberg & Matarazzo, 1980) and have compared standard treatment to a PCIT treatment in which the PDI phase of treatment preceded CDI (finding minimal differences) (Eisenstadt, Eyberg, McNeil, Newcomb, & Funderburk, 1993). PCIT outcome studies have specifically demonstrated important changes in parents' interactions with their child, including increased reflective listening and prosocial verbalization, and decreased criticism and sarcasm at treatment completion (Eisenstadt et al. …


The invention relates to a monitoring system and method for street tree ecology landscape based on information surveying and collecting on the spot through the combination of interactive modes of database processing health monitoring, mouse and keyboard operation and the like. The monitoring system comprises three big modules, namely the information collecting module, the health monitoring module and the query and display module. The method is achieved through the processes of collecting monitoring information, analyzing the monitoring information, revising monitoring standards, surveying on the spot to collect the material which is related to map development and include a database managing system, organizing and analyzing data and drawing an electronic map through a software technology and software operation. The monitoring system and method can provide information real-time correcting and browsing and querying functions and provide more visual and graphic digital images timely and rapidly to supply more effective and reliable references to planning and design, monitor and management of street trees, and working efficiency is improved.


Colloidal particle size is an important characteristic to consider when choosing a radiopharmaceutical for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes in nuclear medicine. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the particle‐size distribution of 90Y‐ and 99mTc‐labelled antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) and tin colloids (Sn‐colloid). 90Y‐Sb2S3 and 99mTc‐Sb2S3 were found to have a diameter of 28.92 ± 0.14 and 35.61 ± 0.11 nm, respectively, by PCS. By TEM, 90Y‐Sb2S3 particles were measured to be 14.33 ± 0.09 nm. 90Y‐labelled Sn colloid were found to exist with a dv(max1) of 805 nm and a dv(max2) of 2590 nm, by PCS, whereas 99mTc‐Sn colloid was shown to have more than 80% of radioactive particles of approximately 910 nm by PCS. For 90Y‐labelled Sb2S3 and Sn colloid, a comparison of TEM and PCS indicates that these techniques found significantly different mean diameters. TEM has an excellent resolution necessary for radiocolloid particle‐sizing analysis, and it is a desirable size‐measuring technique because it is more reliable than PCS.


The fermentation process is reformed by distribution control system so that the energy consumption of fermentation process reduces by 8.8% and the average fermentation unit increases by 1.8%.


The preparation of enatiomerically enriched homoallylic alcohols through asymmetric addition of chiral allylic transfer reagents and allylating reagents with chiral catalysts to the carbonyl functionalities represents an important chemical transformation. Excellent progress has been made over past decade in the development and application of catalytic asymmetric allylic transfer reactions. In this account, our efforts for the various intermolecular allylic transfer reactions such as allylation, propargylation, allenylation, and dienylation utilizing accelerating strategy and sequential allylic transfer reactions to achieve multiple stereoselection mainly using transition metal catalysts are described.


Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverages namely tella, tej and areki are very common drinks in the country. Ten (10) alcohol vending houses were considered in the study by considering two from each five sub-cities, purposely for 'filtered' tella sampling and five for the unfiltered tella, tej and areki samples. The alcoholic contents of filter-tella, tej and areki were measured and found in the range of 3.84 to 6.48, 8.94 to 13.16 and 33.95 to 39.9% v/v ethanol, respectively. Difference in pH values and ethanol levels among all samples was significant (p 10%) among all samples were significant, though the variation in pH of the alcohols studied were analyzed and found at drinking range or according to European Brewery Convention. Finally, sensory responses which were taken from the community (people drinking these alcohols), indicated that they are high in aroma (bitterness for tella than other drinks reported).


it is incurred or inflicted and how absolution from it may be obtained. \\-lien dealing with the difference between a iure and cb homine censures, Father Cappello begins by stating the principle that both a law and a precept given to an individual can constitute either an ips0 facto or a ferendae seiztentiae penalty. He teaches that, if the penalty is an ips0 facto one, it remains a i w e after it has been incurred, whether it had been previously constituted by a law or by a precept given to an individual. I t follows that the intention of a Superior to reserve such a censure cannot be presumed and must be expressly enunciated in the law or precept if the censure is to bc reserved. On the other hand, he holds that, if the censure is ferendae senteiztiae, it becomes ab homine once it has been inflicted and, as such, is aIways and necessarily reserved in accordance with c. 2245, 5 2. Nevertheless, he defends the probability of the view that a person on whom an ab homine censure has been inflicted and who afterwards acquires a new domicile or quasi-domicile, may be absolved from this censure by his new superior. This vew was also advocated by Father Cappello in previous editions of his work, but it has not been generally accepted by other authors and, as he himself admits, the opposite view, which denies such power to the new superior, is more probable. In the second section of the book, the three specific censures, excommunication, suspension and interdict, are considered and explained in detail, together with the crimes which are punished by these censures in the general law of the Church. The treatment of these crimes is perhaps the most valuble part of the work under review, for it gives us a very useful and exhaustive commentary on many of the canons in the third part of the last book of the Code. Father Cappello devotes nearly half of the entire work to an explanation of the various crimes which are to-day punished by excommunication, and, though this may seem an excessive proportion of space to give to them, it is in keeping with the character of the whole work which is practical rather than speculative. JOHN AHERN


Abstract Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have the ability to optimize fuel consumption by recovering thermal energy from the prime mover of the power generation unit (PGU). Design of a CCHP system requires consideration, among other variables, of CCHP system components size and type. This study focuses on the analysis of hybrid-cooling, heating, and power (hybrid-cooling CCHP) systems that have an absorption chiller (CH) and a vapour compression system to handle the cooling load. The effect of the size of both cooling mechanisms is analysed in conjunction with the PGU size and efficiency. For better energy performance analysis simulations, results are presented based on the building-CCHP system primary energy consumption (PEC). Hybrid-cooling CCHP systems yield higher primary energy reduction than CCHP systems with an absorption CH alone. To account for the effect of climate conditions, hot and cold climates were considered by performing simulations for Tampa and Chicago weather conditions. The results are presented in tabular form to show the value of the PEC reduction as a function of the PGU size and efficiency, and the size of the absorption CH.


The subject for analysis is «positive synergies» advantageous strategies for environment and mankind development. The authors underline highly in being, existential sense of the mankind development concept, supported by the UN Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20.


The boron heterocyclic compound dipottasium trioxohydroxytetraflourotriborate, K2[B3O3F4OH] has been listed as a promising new therapeutic for the epidermal changes treatment. In order to elucidate its free radical scavenging activity, several appropriate thermodynamic molecular descriptors were calculated with the help of quantum-chemistry methods and their values were compared with the data obtained for ascorbic acid, trimethlyboroxine and trimethoxyboroxine. Considering the results, it may be suggested that the single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) is more favourable reaction pathway than hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for the halogenated boroxine K2[B3O3F4OH]. Experimental support is provided by evaluating the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the investigated compounds in terms of their ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Our study reveals that all three examined boroxines are extremely weak antioxidants.


Sensor networks consist of autonomous nodes with limited battery and of base stations with theoretical infinite energy. Nodes can be sleep to extend the lifespan of the network without compromising neither area coverage nor network connectivity. This paper addresses the area coverage problem with equal sensing and communicating radii. The goal is to minimize the number of active sensors involved in coverage task, while computing a connected set able to report to monitoring stations. Our solution is fully localized, and each sensor is able to make decision on whether to sleep or to be active based on two messages sent by each sensor. The first message is a "hello" message to gather position of all neighboring nodes. Then each node computes its own relay area dominating set, by taking the furthest neighbor as the first node, and then adding neighbors farthest to the isobarycenter of already selected neighbors, until the area covered by neighbors is fully covered. The second message broadcasts this relay set to neighbors. Each node decides to be active if it has highest priority among its neighbors or is a relay node for its neighbor with the highest priority.


An enzyme component that hydrolyzes PNP-G2but not CMChas been isolated from a culture broth of Cellvibrio gilvus by a multi-step procedure involving Butyl-Toyopearl, DEAE-Toyopearl, and CM-Toyopearl chromatographies. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on native, SDS-, and IEF-PAGE. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 40,000, an isoelectric point of 5.0, an optimum pH of 6.5, and an optimum temperature of 55°C. It was stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0 at 37°C for 1hr and below 50°C for 30min. It hydrolyzed agluconic bonds not only of PNP-G2 but also of PNP-G3, PNP-G4, and PNP-G5. Cellooligosaccharides with D.P. of 3 to 5 were not hydrolyzed at all. Instead, the enzyme hydrolyzed xylan 4 times as fast as PNP-G2. Both HgCl2 and />-chloromercuribenzoic acid inhibited the two activities completely. Xylan inhibited the hydrolysis of PNP-G2 competitively. From these results, the purified enzyme was considered to be a unique xylanase that hydrolyzed the agluconic bonds of PNP-GM.


The conflict between the WTO system and human rights is typically presented as a technical problem, chiefly attributable to the parallel development of the two regimes. To resolve conflicts between the two fields, commentators propose a broader definition of 'norm conflict'. This article advances a different account of the issue. It argues that contrary to the prevailing assumption, the conflict between the WTO and human rights is not primarily technical in nature. The conflict fundamentally arises from deliberate policy choices, and it is so systemic that it cannot be adequately addressed through judicial techniques of conflict resolution. The problem is not one of specific WTO rules directly clashing with human rights norms; it is rather the WTO as a system undermining human rights because its rules are disjoined not only from human rights values but also from the organisation 's own goals. Therefore, without fresh political negotiations, there is only so much that can be done at the judicial level to ensure coherence between the two fields no matter how liberally pertinent terms are defined.


The broadcasting world has evolved very quickly towards the digital technology supported by a digital video broadcasting (DVB) European consensus for the harmonisation of technical specifications for satellite digital TV distribution, as well as for SMATV, cable, terrestrial and microwave based systems. This paper describes the DVB interaction channel solution for satellite master antenna television (SMATV ) systems based on the concatenation of coaxial and satellite sections, which are being discussed at the DVB-RC. The satellite section is based on inexpensive low power Ku band satellite terminals known as interactive TVRO terminals. The coaxial section can be implemented following the DVB-RC-CATV system, but selecting an adequate subset of options with the aim of getting nearly consumer type SMATV headend equipment. The DIGISAT ACTS project has developed system specifications as well as prototypes in order to demonstrate the technical and commercial feasibility of the interaction channel for SMATV based on satellite interactive terminals and the corresponding coaxial section.


Background: Labor productivity is a measure of the success of the workers producing a product in a certain time unit (Hafner et, al., 2007). Food consumption and nutritional status of workers considered quite important in improving the productivity of labor. Disadvantages of energy and protein intake cause low energy production so that the body will be weakened as immune system, physical labor activity, and thinking power. Workers with abnormal nutritional status would work slowly and inactive so the productivity of work decreases. Purpose : Purpose research is determine rrelation between energy intake, protein intake and nutritional status with work productivity of the female workers in section Finishing 3 PT. Hanil Indonesia NepenTeras Boyolali. Methods : The research cross sectional design study with ervational study. Total sample is 45 people. The sampling technique using simple random sampling. Data of energy and protein intake using food recall 24 hours, nutritional status by measuring weight and height, and labor productivity was obtained sheet observation weighing yarn. Statistical analysis using Spearmean Rank test. Results : The survey results that 53.3% of respondents have less energy intake, 64.4% had less protein intake, 44.4% had a normal utritional status and 68,9% have a high work productivity. The results of bivariat test, correlation for protein intake with labor productivity value of p =0.988; correlation for energy ntake with labor productivity value of p ,048,correlationnutritional status with labor productivity value of p =0.005. Conclusion : Nothing correlation for protein intake with labor productivity. There is a correlation energy intake, nutritional status with labor productivity of female workers in section Finishing 3 PT. Hanil Indonesia Nepen Teras Boyolali. Key Words : energy intake, female workers, labor productivity, nutritional status, protein intake.


A fuzzy control scheme is presented in this paper according to the coal quantity in the mine coal bunker, this method has a good dynamic response characteristic and is suited for complex nonlinear systems. The designation of self-adopting fuzzy controller, the working principle and functions of this system are also proposed, with the hardware of this system introduced in this paper. The fuzzy control method is very suitable in automatically controlling the mine electric locomotive systems.


Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a condition in which there is failure to improve satisfactorily after back surgery. It is characterized by intractable pain and various degrees of functional disability after lumbar spine surgery. Object: The purpose of this study is to evaluate technique, outcome, and complication after a redo spinal surgery. Patients and Methods: We prospectively studied 36 patients with failed back surgery from October 2006 to September 2012 in Suez Canal University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopedic. All patients complained of either back pain, radiculopathy, claudication or a combination of these three symptoms. All patients had proper radiological examination and diagnosis before surgery. Redo surgery was targeted at correcting the underlying pathology: Removal of recurrent or residual disk, release of adhesions with neural decompression, and fusion with or without instrumentation. The patients had filled out a questionnaire that included a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry low back pain disability index (ODI). Questionnaire was done at baseline up to one year. Results: The mean age was 39±11.69. History of the recurrent symptoms after previous surgeries; 30% occurred within 6 months and 50% within 2 years after primary surgery. After surgery, most of fenestration surgeries associated with disc recurrence 12/15 while most of laminectomy cases associated with instability or in adequate decompression 17/19. It was statistically significant p<0.001. Most of the recurrent discs (24/36) required no fusion or instrumentation (23/36). Instability was treated with instrumentation and fusion. Complications were limited and properly managed. Most patients (70%) attained maximum improvement at 3 months. Successful outcome (at least 80% pain relief and patient satisfaction with ODI mean score = 14.43) was obtained in 85% of the patients at 1 year. Conclusion: The current study shows that successful management of patients with FBSS could be achieved with proper patient selection, correct preoperative diagnosis, and adequate surgical procedure targeting the underlying pathology. Correspondence to: Dr. Ayman E.A. Galhom, The Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University


Summary.-The location of genes corresponding to soluble RNA on the B.subtilis chromosome was studied by employing the techniques of synchronization of the chromosome and specific hybridization between labeled soluble RNAandDNA. Theresults indicate that sRNA genes are clustered in the region close to ribosomal RNAloci between two adenine markers on the proximal part of thechromosome. * This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants GB-154S and GB-3064 and USPHSgrant GM10923-04. 1 Oishi, M., H.Yoshikawa, andN.Sueoka, Nature, 204, 1069 (1964). 2 Oishi, M., and N. Sueoka, these PROCEEDINGS, 54, 483 (1965). 3Giacomoni, D., and S. Spiegelman, Science, 138, 1328 (1962). 4 Goodman, H. M., and A. Rich, these PROCEEDINGS, 48, 2101 (1962). GOishi, M., and N. Stieoka, Genetics, 52, 464 (1965). 6 Dubnau, D., I. Smith, andJ. Marmur, thesePROCEEDINGS, 54, 724 (1965). 7 Meselson, M., F. W. Stahl, andJ. Vinograd, these PROCEEDINGS, 43, 581 (1957). 8 Anagnostopoulos, C., andJ. Spizizen, J. Bacteriol., 81, 741


The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) budget for Fiscal 1990, a record $7.4 billion, calls for additional personnel, discretionary use of airport grant funds and an increase of $1 billion. The agency is seeking congressional approval for a change in the legislative formula by which grants from the Aviation Trust Fund are allocated. Under the requested formula, which is influenced by enplanement figures, $1.35 billion in grant money would be distributed--$810 million for primary airports and $540 million for discretionary uses. Under the 1990 budget, operations funding would rise 14% to $3.923 billion, funding for facilities and equipment would increase 41.3% to $1.955 billion, and research funding would rise by $5.1 million to $165 million. The authorized workforce would increase by 1,940 positions, or 4%, for a total of 50,465 positions. An additional 80 positions would be created for National Airspace System logistics support. An increase of 727 positions is requested in the aviation standards area, including 300 safety inspectors, 100 enforcement attorneys and support personnel. Allocations per program for the major Fiscal 1990 programs are listed.


The algorithms for inertial/geomagnetic integrated navigation were discussed.The theory of inertial/ geomagnetic navigation was analyzed.Concerning the cruise phase of cruise missile,the filter model of the integrated navigation system was established.Using scalar and vector information of geomagnetic field as observation separately,the simulations were calculated with the employment of Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) algorithm.The results show that the effect of UKF is slightly better than that of EKF when the measurement information is the geomagnetic data of three components,and the positioning accuracy of the two algorithms could both achieve 50 m within the last 30 s.Taking scalar information as observation,EKF are not so much astringency and accuracy,but UKF can give a better performance.


Amorphophallus coudercii is reported as a new record from Nakhon Phanom Province, North-Eastern Thailand. The species is characterized by having a long tuber, a male floral zone contiguous to the female zone, the absence of an appendix, and the presence of warts on the adaxial side near the base of the spathe. Detailed descriptions based on recently collected plant materials, as well as notes on the distribution and ecology, and photographs are presented.


Bez Ziewania Fest 2012 took place at Estrada in Bydgoszcz, Poland on September 15th/16th. Loads of amazing place showed up. Check out the amazing line-up ...


Laura Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Dr. Laura Hahn is a specialist in education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She consults with faculty in the College of Engineering on curriculum, instruction, teaching assistant development, and learning outcomes assessment. She has helped develop two project-abroad programs for students in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.


ERCOT has been experiencing an increase in installed wind capacity over the past several years. At present, there is approximately 7500MW of installed wind capacity in the ERCOT Interconnect and there are observed instances of significant wind generation variation (approximately 27% of installed wind capacity over two hour periods). Additionally, the rapid rate of wind generation installation has easily outpaced the up-gradation of transmission facilities in the region. These things, along with the high variability in wind generation, have imposed several challenges to ERCOT Operations. Voltage regulation utilizing inductive generators is a new experience for ERCOT, and new requirements have been placed on frequency control and ancillary service in the ERCOT system. This paper will address current operational challenges observed by ERCOT during high wind output and extreme wind variation conditions and will share some of the experience gained by ERCOT Operations during such scenarios.


In management science research, a large number of cases analysis often requier from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis, differential equation and differential equations are often used in quantitative analysis. The core of quantitative analysis of a case is to build a corresponding mathematical model. The differential equation models are widely used mathematical models. In particular, linear differential equation models with constant coefficients are often used mathematical models in the quantitative analysis of cases in management science research. In practice, the particular solution of linear differential equation model with constant coefficients often been found by Laplace transformation. Follow this way, a method to get the general solutions of linear differential equation with constant coefficients based on Laplace transformation be given. In this method, it is easy to find the general solution of homogeneous linear differential equation, of non-homogeneous linear differential equation and of linear differential equations with constant coefficients based on Laplace transformation. Key words : Management; Mathematical model; Linear differential equation; Laplace transformation


Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) was initially thought to have had osteogenesis imperfecta. However, following the description of pycnodysostosis as a new genetic skeletal dysplasia, Maroteaux and Lamy concluded that this was Toulouse-Lautrec's affliction (Figure1). He, in fact, presented all the clinical features suggestive of this diagnosis, in addition to parental consanguinity. Toulouse-Lautrec had bone fragility leading to fractures with minor trauma, a receding chin and possibly open fontanelles, explaining the artist's insistence on wearing a hat most of the time.


In this work, we theoretically study the electronic structure, topological properties, and interaction effects of the low-energy Dirac electrons in band-aligned heterostructures consisted of graphene and some correlated insulating substrates. By virtue of the band alignment, charge carriers can be transferred from graphene to the insulating substrate under the control of gate voltages. This may yield a long-wavelength charge order at the surface of the substrate through the Wigner-crystallization mechanism. The long-wavelength charge order in turn exerts a superlattice Coulomb potential to the Dirac electrons in graphene, which reduces the non-interacting Fermi velocity, such that e - e Coulomb interactions would play an important role. Consequently, the Dirac points are spontaneously gapped out by interactions leading to a sublattice polarized insulator state. Mean-while, the Fermi velocities around the Dirac points are drastically enhanced to more than twice of the bare value by interaction effects, which can give rise to large Landau-level spacing with robust quantization plateaus of Hall resistivity under weak magnetic fields and at high temperatures. We have further performed high-throughput first principles calculations, and suggested a number of promising insulating materials as candidate substrates for graphene, which could realize the gapped Dirac state concomitant with low-field, high-temperature quantum Hall effects.


The invention discloses a household biological treatment device. The household biological treatment device comprises a garbage crusher and a biological treatment device. The garbage crusher comprises a crushing cavity, a cutter and a first motor. The crushing cavity is provided with a garbage inlet and a garbage outlet. The cutter is arranged in the crushing cavity in a matched manner. The first motor drives the cutter to rotate. The garbage outlet is communicated with the biological treatment device. The biological treatment device comprises a shell, a drain tank, a garbage treatment mechanism and a sewage pump. A water outlet is formed in the bottom of the drain tank. The garbage treatment mechanism and the sewage pump are both installed in the drain tank. Cultures facilitating decomposition of garbage are arranged at the bottom of the drain tank. The sewage pump pumps accumulated water at the bottom of the drain tank and conveys the accumulated water into the garbage treatment mechanism again.


AFTER A BRIEF PERIOD of promise about ten years ago/ interest in air-mass climatology waned rapidly in this country and little subsequent effort has been made to cultivate this neglected phase of climatology. Whether too much was expected of this new and more rational approach to the study of climate or whether it had in fact relatively little to offer is still open to reasonable question. If it proved disappointing in some instances, only to be discarded in favor of other more practical approaches, the fact remains that airmass climatology seems hardly to have had a fair chance to reveal all its possibilities because the necessary preliminaries were not convenient. To that extent at least, it still merits attention. The primary intent of this paper is not to analyze the possibilities and limitations nor to attempt to justify the cultivation of. air-mass climatology but rather to call attention to the problem of providing data suitable for constructing the air-mass calendar, a necessary adjunct in undertaking almost any investigation in air-mass climatology. The air-mass climatologist studies climate analytically and synthetically with reference to air masses. Obviously his first need is to know, at any given station, the sequence of air masses and fronts during the period under consideration. To give a fragmentary example, he may wish to know that from the first of the month through mid-afternoon of the fourth a mass of cP air was present at the surface; that a warm front passed on the ground at that time; that from mid-afternoon of the fourth until


In 1976, Robert Lucas published a devastating critique of the then current practice for quantifying the effects of alternative policies. He argued that, in formulating plans, economic agents necessarily look into the future, and thus the decision rules guiding their actions depend on parameters describing the expectations of future variables, as well as parameters of taste and technology. Lucas viewed economic policy as the selection of rules that generate the values of policy variables, rather than the selection of arbitrary sequences of policy variables. Thus, "any change in policy will systematically alter the structure of econometric models" (1981, p. 126), and the estimated coefficients in (the then current) consumption, wageprice, or investment models could not be considered structural, that is, invariant to alternative policy regimes. The important and damning implication for policy analysis is that these econometric relationships will prove unstable in precisely those situations in which they are called upon to analyze proposed policies. This paper seeks to exploit the substantial variation in business tax policy during the 1980's to shed some light on the quantitative importance of the "Lucas Critique" (LC) and to evaluate the ability of explicit theory to enhance econometric analysis. In August of 1981, the economic agenda of the "Reagan Revolution" began to be put in place with the passage of the Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA). This was followed by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, and the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Other changes -such as the increase in defense spending and growth of and restrictions on the federal deficit-indicate that expectations of the current and future course of fiscal policy were altered radically during the Reagan Administration. Maintained in this paper is the assumption that these changes in tax and other aspects of fiscal policy can be viewed as an unanticipated change in policy regime. In regard to the 1981 legislation, the Economic Report of the President claimed that "[T]his tax policy is a sharp break from the policies of the recent past. It reflects a different understanding of the way tax policy affects the U.S. economy" (1982, p. 109). Under the assumption that the 1980's witnessed a fundamental change in the stochastic process characterizing fiscal policy, econometric equations susceptible to the LC should become temporally unstable. Those models that successfully address the LC by isolating expectation parameters should remain stable. The quantitative importance of the LC is evaluated by examining the stability of four different econometric models of business investment that to varying degrees are vulnerable to the LC: the "Neoclassical" model studied extensively by Robert Hall and Dale Jorgenson (1967), Robert Eisner and M. Ishaq Nadiri (1968), and their numerous collaborators, the Q model associated with James Tobin, the Vector Autoregressive model (VAR-S) -advanced by Christopher Sims (1982), and a Hybrid VAR model (VAR-H) used to study investment by Robert Gordon and John Veitch (1986). Since the four models differ in the extent to which they are guided by explicit theoretical frameworks, these results will also be useful in assessing the impact of economic theory on econometric performance. *University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. I thank Charles Hulten, Robert Lucas, and Allen Sinai for critical comments on a preliminary draft. All errors, omissions, and conclusions remain my sole responsibility.