Objective To examine the association of sedentary behaviors with visual acuity among primary
 school children, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of
 poor vision.
 Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 4 969 students in grade
 1–4 were selected from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou in 2017, and then were followed
 up in 2019. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on children's sedentary
 behaviors, including doing homework, watching TV, playing computer/video games, and
 taking the bus/car between home and school. Visual acuity was measured in the baseline
 and the follow-up using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Multiple linear
 regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the relationship between
 sedentary behaviors and visual changes.
 Results The two-year cumulative incidence of poor vision was 48.74%. Homework time was inversely
 associated with visual acuity of left eye (
 β = −0. 012, 95% CI = −0.023–−0.002). Homework time was positively correlated with poor vision (
 OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05–1.27). However, total sedentary time, screen time and bus/car time were not
 statistically associated with changes in visual acuity (
 P>0.05).
 Conclusion Increased homework time was associated with poorer vision in primary school students.
 Interventions to reduce the academic burden should be taken.
 【摘要】 目的 探究小学生静态行为与视力变化的关联性, 为学生视力不良防控工作提供参考依据。
 方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法, 于 2017 年抽取广州市 5 所小学, 纳入一至四年级学生 4 969 名, 并于 2 年后进行随访。采用经信、效度检验的《广州市小学生体质健康监测系统问卷》收集小学生基线放学后做作业、看电视、用电脑/玩游戏、往返交通等静态行为时间。使用
 5 m 标准对数视力表分别测量基线和随访的视力。分别采用多重线性回归和 Logistic 回归分析小学生静态行为与视力变化值以及视力不良的关联性。
 结果 2 年期间, 一至四年级学生视力不良的累积发病率为 48.74%。放学后做作业时间与左眼视力变化值呈负相关 (
 β = −0.012, 95%
 CI = −0.023~−0.002)。放学后做作业时长与视力不良的发生正性相关 (
 OR = 1.16, 95%
 CI =1.05~1.27)。静态行为总时长、视屏时间、往返交通时间与视力变化相关均无统计学意义 (
 P 值均>0.05)。
 结论 静态行为中的放学后做作业时间增加与小学生视力降低相关, 合理减轻课业负担有利于视力保护。


In the modern world, wireless communications have been developed very rapidly and demand for multimedia services is growing day by day. Higher bandwidth over wireless network is requirement of communication systems. These systems are implemented using multi carrier frequencies for providing higher data transmission rate and mobility of user and these systems are implemented with use of MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique. The MIMO OFDM have limitations of high PAPR and carrier frequency offset sensitivity. Integration of STBC with MIMO OFDM over frequency selective channel is implemented to improve further PAPR performance. In this frequency selective channel is converted to several flat fading channels thereby eliminating ISI. This technique STBC MIMO-OFDM has high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) also. To achieve better performance this PAPR also has to be reduced. In this paper, variation of different parameters like number of subcarriers, OFDM symbols and its effect on PAPR has been presented. Simulation Results show that reduction of PAPR is possible with increase in phase factor with four transmitting antennas.


The paper deals with differences between rhetoric as a science and ora- tory as a practice, as well as the difference between oratory and public speeches. It is concluded that oratory implies a highly aestheticized speech with the possibility of prior preparation, delivered in solemn circumstances, while oratory implies improvised, prepared and learned public speech.


We report on a systematic method for the port‐wise decomposition of electrical networks. Our method exploits the SPQR‐tree decomposition as an algorithmic way for decomposing a given circuit into a maximal set of one‐port and multiports. We provide a solution for representing multiports by suitable replacement graphs, such that they are encapsulated not decomposed or processed by the SPQR‐algorithm. Contrary to current methods, our replacement graphs are not sophisticated but rather simple, which, in general, enhances the performance of the algorithm, when it comes to decomposing large electrical networks containing multiports. Some electrical devices, such as transistors or op‐amps, are commonly described in terms of their terminals rather than their ports. Thus, we cover the application of the template‐based approach to three‐terminal devices. Lastly, we make use of the new decomposition method for the emulation of a wave digital filter.


This paper introduces a modular testbed to simulate AC/DC microgrids. The testbed is implemented in Matlab Simulink and is based on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) formalism. It is designed to be a tool to evaluate energy management strategies in AC/DC microgrids. The microgrid simulation model includes a photovoltaic generator, a fuel cell system, ultracapacitors, and batteries on the DC side. It includes voltage source converters (VSC) to couple the DC side with the AC side of the microgrid, which includes a variable AC load and a synchronous generator. Two case studies illustrate the use of the testbed. The model is implemented in Matlab Simulink and made openly available for the scientific community. Using this model, researchers can develop and evaluate energy management strategies in AC/DC microgrids.


Energy intensive activate sludge treatment is the most utilized technology for municipal wastewater treatment. However, an innovative way to harvest part of the energy contained in municipal wastewater is offered by the utilization of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). In an MEC, through the utilization of electro active microorganism, is possible to couple the oxidation organic matter with the generation of value-added reduced products, such as methane, similar to the anaerobic digestion process. MECs typically consist of a bio-anode and a (bio)-cathode separated by an ion exchange membrane (IEM). The addition of external energy usually is required to make the cathodic reaction thermodynamically feasible. Here, a continuous flow methane- producing MEC equipped with an anion exchange membrane was operated in a continuous flow mode for over 60 d at two different poised anode potentials (+ 0.20 and -0.10 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) and with a fixed organic load rate (1.08 gCOD/Ld). The MEC showed a high COD removal efficiency (92 ± 1%), with a net energy recovery (122 ± 3 %, at -0.1 V) and low sludge production (0.09 gCOD/gCOD), making its utilization attractive in the frame of low strength wastewater treatment.


This study was conducted to evaluate effect of geogrid and fabric, which are used underneath the overlaid asphalt pavement for retarding reflection cracking by simulated laboratory test. In this study, an interlayer at the interface between old concrete pavement surface and overlaid asphalt mixture, and polymer-modifier were used as an effort of retarding reflection crack initiation and for strengthening mixture. Five products were used in preparation of asphalt concrete beam specimen which was tack coated on top of jointed concrete block. Simulated Mode I and II fracture test were conducted under wheel loading and results were compared among those products. From the test results, several material and reinforcement combinations were observed to have a significant retardation effect against reflection cracking. The most effectively strengthened pavement against reflection cracking was found to be the LDPE-modifier asphalt mixture with a grid reinforcement at the bottom.


A 1973 survey conducted in Sri Lanka to study the determinants of labor force participation was reexamined. The sum of the employed and the unemployed was the measure of participation used. Almost all adult men in Sri Lanka were in the labor force. A much higher average rate of employment among women was observed in the estate areas; women have traditionally played a predominant role in estate production. In Sri Lanka observed differences between the participation rates of married and single women were not as great as is frequently found elsewhere. Currently married women in the estate-dominated areas had a higher rate of participation but the difference was substantial in urban areas. More educated women than relatively uneducated women had higher participation rates although the reverse was true in the estate areas. Participation rates of males showed less variability than those of females and apart from age the variables examined were only weakly related to male participation. Currently married men had the highest participation rates. Family income was only weakly related to male participation. Female participation in Sri Lanka was found to be related to marriage fertility and education. Declines in fertility level may be expected to increase the extent of female labor force activity while rising educational levels could be expected to lead to greater female activity.


Abstract : Electrostatic field effects in high pressure discharges which provide physical insight into the problem of electrode design are derived. The coupled set of charge transport equations and Poisson's equation have been analytically studied using perturbation theory techniques. Our study reveals that the homogeneous field must be supplemented by the inhomogeneous contributions of space charge and polarization effects which arise from nonuniform plasma ionization and local nonconservation of each species current. The validity of a commonly used boundary condition is examined and found untenable. Implications for the computational design of electrodes are presented.


Objective To investigate the clinical feature of aspirin resistance(AR) and its correlation with C-reactive protein and thromboxan B2(TXB2)in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods 256 CHD patients who have been on aspirin(100 mg/d) for at least 7 days were recruited.Platelet aggregation function induced with adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid,and the correlation between AR and C-reactive protein,TXB2 levels was investigated.Results 5.86% of the patients showed AR and 24.22% of the patients showed ASR.The fibrinogen levels and the amounts of platelet were significant higher in patients of AR or ASR than in patients of AS(P0.05).And the ratio of female was significant higher in patients of ASR than in AS(P0.05).Meanwhile the levels of TXB2 was significantly higher in patients of AR or ASR than in patients of AS(P0.05).There was no significantly difference with CRP in patients of AR or ASR or AS.Conclusions There is definitely AR phenomenon in patients with CAD.Patients who have higher fibrinogen levels and more amounts of platelet are more easily generate AR.TXB2 can be used as predictor of AR.


By using glass fiber 120 twill fabric/epoxy 5224 as the panel and Nomex honeycomb as the core,the ability of resisting the lateral distortion of honeycomb cores was investigated.For cocuring process with the vacuum bag,a gas pressure measuring method was established and was used to study the influence factors of core internal pressure and the relationship between core internal pressure and core crush.It is found that the ability of the honeycomb core to avoid core crush is limited,especially for large core grid length and core thickness.Core internal pressure has close relation with the expansion of core gas and permeability of prepreg stack,so core internal pressure is affected significantly by the temperature cycle,the number of prepreg plies and adhesive film.Moreover,the core internal pressure plays an important role in avoiding core crush.Larger internal core pressure before prepreg gelation is helpful to preventing core crush.


Abstract China is charged with around 7.5% of the ITER toroidal field (TF) conductor fabrication. In total about 6000 km of Nb3Sn strands need to be supplied for Chinese Domestic Agency (CNDA), and now the TF procurement arrangement (PA) for CNDA is in the last phase, i.e., production. According to the PA, the Domestic Agency (DA) has to verify on a regular basis the room and low temperature measurements carried out by the strand suppliers. The verifications shall be performed by the reference laboratories on the strand verification samples adjacent to the samples used by the strand suppliers for critical current measurements. As the reference laboratory of CNDA, the superconducting strand test laboratory of Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) is undertaking the task of Nb3Sn strand verification. The verifications include diameter, chromium plating thickness, twist pitch direction and length, copper-to-non-copper volume ratio, residual resistance ratio (RRR), critical current (IC) and resistive transition index (n), and hysteresis loss. The verification level was based on the requirements of the ITER PA. From the results, the supplied strands for the TF conductors fulfill well the requirements of the ITER PA.


The technique for using the carbon dioxide laser in the vaporization mode to treat multiple lesions of syringoma of the face without adverse scarring, textural changes, or recurrence is described.


Numerical model for DNA separation using nanostructure was proposed. By the model calculation, we can predict the migration time of the molecule that passes through the molecular sieve. In the numerical model, we assumed the DNA molecule to be a sphere with radius Rg, which is a gyration radius, and modeled its Brownian motion by a random walk. Calculation results showed good agreement with those of experiments and we confirmed the validity of the proposed model.


A number of coordination complexes of zirconium tetrachloride with phosphoryl ligands of the type (RO)3PO, (RO)2P(O)R?, ROP(O)R?2, and R3PO have been prepared and characterized as complexes of the type ZrCl4,2L. The shifts of the phosphoryl stretching frequency in the infrared on complex formation have been measured and are discussed with reference to the electronegativity of the substituents on the phosphorus atom.


As the carrier of cloud service delivery,network performance plays a significant role in cloud service provisioning.In this paper,we develop an analytical model for cloud service provisioning based on network calculus.Then,the quantitive expressions with regard to the end-to-end delay and backlog upper bounds are obtained.Also,the impact of cloud service type,network service rate,flow distribution,and number of path on end-to-end delay and backlog upper bounds are discussed through the quantitive expressions.Finally,the numerical experiments show that the model developed in this paper can guarantee the performance to the different types of cloud service delivery,which in turn validates the correctness and effectiveness of that model.


This study aims to explore to what degree Korean primary and secondary school students perceive a self-regulated learning in their study and examine...


Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for modeling of a system. UML is used to visually specify the structure and behavior of a system. The system requirements are captured and then converted into UML specification. UML specification uses a set of rules and notations, and diagrams to specify the system requirements. One of the diagrams that is used in specifying the system requirements is an activity diagram. In this paper, we present a tool for generating test path from an activity diagram. Deriving manually all test scenarios from an activity diagram is a very time consuming. Therefore, an automation of test path generation based on UML activity diagram is developed to generate possible test paths automatically from an activity diagram. From the generated test paths, the test plan can be produced. With the test plan, the software developers would be able to compare the activity flows in actual system developed with the generated paths to ensure the system behaved properly. The tool can be used to check the consistency between the program execution traces and behaviour of activity diagram as defined in analysis phase.


Objective To investigate drug resistance and distribution characteristics in clinical departments of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB), so as to provide evidence for the control of the dissemination of drug-resistant AB and reasonable clinical use of antibiotics.Methods 162 strains of non-repetitive AB were separated between April 2012 and June 2014. Bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test were carried out with automatic microorganism analyzer(BDPHOENIX100). And the data were analyzed with chi square test. Results Of 162 AB strains separated, the resistance rate to ampicillin was the highest, the resistance rate to polymyxin was the lowest(1.9%), and there was resistance of different levels to other antibiotics. As for their distribution in departments, ICU was the most common department for AB(43.2%), followed by Department of Hematology(19.1%). The resistance rate to various antibiotics in ICU was the highest, the resistance rate to cefoperazone/tazobactam in ICU was significantly higher than that in other departments(P0.05), and the resistance rate to meropenem and cotrimoxazole in Department of Hematology was significantly higher than that in other departments except for ICU(P0.05). Conclusion There is a serious situation for the drug resistance of AB, and there is obvious trend of multi-drug resistance, especially in ICU.


The Internet has changed how scholars perform their research. With more and more content available online that is fully searchable (often even for free), it is not surprising that students and others may turn there first before coming to the library. This study aims to identify the utility of three of the largest free access points to print materials online—Google Book Search, the Internet Archive, and Google Scholar—for use in conducting music research. This study discovers that there are print music materials represented in all three of these tools and that they should not be eschewed by music librarians and others researching music topics.


This paper starts with a description of the main features of the current Mexican tax system and of a (minor) tax reform that took place in 2010, when the government tried to correct for a drastic fall in its revenues because of the economic collapse in 2009. It then describes in a detailed way a microsimulation model, which is made of three modules: for direct taxes, for indirect taxes, and for welfare indexes. Subsequently, it exemplifies the use of the model by examining the welfare and revenue impacts of the 2010 reform.


Archaic Style in English Literature, 1590-1674 By Lucy Munro Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013 In the introduction to Archaic Style in English Literature, 1590-1674, Lucy Munro issues a challenge of sorts: "in exploring the uses of not only archaic vocabulary but also outmoded grammatical and metrical forms, I attempt ... to take seriously the cultural work that literary and linguistic style can do" (7). With this claim, Munro lays bare not only her own aims for the work, but also the stakes for the sometimes clashing modes of inquiry that characterize early modern literary scholarship. In her promise to take questions of style seriously, Munro exposes how often these elements are elided. This valuable book shows why style matters, and it also effectively demonstrates how stylistic and linguistic analysis supports the kind of contextualizing "cultural work" that it has long been suspected of ignoring. As Munro maintains, "paying close attention to the self-aware deployment of archaic linguistic and literary forms in early modern poetry and drama does not merely illuminate the individual works in which they appear." Rather, "archaism is a crucial barometer of writers' broader engagements with two forms of temporal process: the history of the nation and the development of literary style" (4). Munro thus embraces a formidable task: tracking and analyzing literary archaism across a broad swath of early modern English literary history, and linking the use of archaism to questions of the English nation and language as well as to the evolution of a distinctive English literary tradition. In this book, "archaism" is understood as a surprisingly roomy category, encompassing the strategic resurrection of musty English words as well as the calculated deployment of outmoded or historically marked meter, genre, and style. In other words, what we tend to think of when we think of literary archaism in the Renaissance--likely something along the lines of "A Gentle Knight was pricking on the plaine / Y cladd in mightie armes"--represents only a small part of Munro's study here. Less obvious forms of archaism include the use of common measure, an outmoded and distinctively English meter, the Skeltonic, a rhyme pattern named for the early Tudor poet John Skelton and considered dated by the late Elizabethan period, and fading syntactic forms such as auxiliary "do." Archaic Style in English Literature takes as its focus poems and plays that deliberately engage with archaism as part of their design, positioning these works as "snapshots" of the archaic style in different contexts. Munro suggests that the book is not meant to offer an exhaustive survey of early modern literary archaism, but instead to build a case for the ways in which the use of archaism by early modern writers points to their desire both to lay claim to and to reconstitute their literary and national heritage. This method of presenting an array of snapshots works well, in large part because of Munro's commitment to exploring the impact of literary archaism in canonical and non-canonical works alike. Just as the book aims to normalize the study of style, so does it strive to present a variety of literary works as worthy of analysis. By featuring household names (Spenser, Shakespeare, Jonson, Milton) together with those requiring a back story (such as the radical Protestant poet Morgan Llwyd and the Caroline prophet Jane Hawkins), Munro invokes a refreshingly expansive catalogue of early modern literature. In its inclusion of non-canonical literary works, the book "insists on both the literary interest of such texts--some periodically dismissed as doggerel or hackwork--and the value of examining works such as Hamlet or The Faerie Queene alongside texts that do similar aesthetic work or aim for a similar imaginative impact" (7). Like its scope, the book's conceptual terrain is broad. Its approach emerges from recent studies that have also attempted to take seriously questions of language and style--such as Paula Blank's Broken English, Carla Mazzio's The Inarticulate Renaissance, and Russ McDonald's Shakespeare's Late Style--while also building on much historicist work of the past several decades, especially that which considers English nationalism through the lens of early modern literature. …


Metaphor is widely used in economic discourses. It is a cognitive model for people to recognize economic phenomena. Those metaphors root in our physical and social experience,and they are different and conditioned by cultural background. Understanding metaphors,we can decrease pragmatic failures in the crosscultural communication.


Based on nine climatic factors which affect the growth of Alnus formosana, the adaptive regions forintroduction of the species were investigated using the fussy resemble priority ratio method (FRPR). The nineclimatic factors are mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the coldest months, mean temperature of the hottest months, extreme minimum temperature, extreme maximum temperature, mean annual cumulativetemperature ≥10℃, mean annual precipitation, the number of months with monthly precipitation 50 mm in a year, and mean annual sunshine hours. The results show that the adaptive regions cover over 10 provinces along the Yangtze River and its southern areas. The most adaptive regions are in southern subtropical and tropical zones, and followed by middle subtropical zones. The conditions that suitable for the growth of A. formosana are: meanannual temperature above 15℃, extreme minimum temperature above -10℃, mean annual precipitation exceeds1 000 mm, and the number of months with precipitation less than 50 mm not exceed 5 months. Climatic factor analysis indicates that the temperature is the first principal component affecting the survival and the distribution of this species, while comprehensive effects of temperature and precipitation are the second and third components which affect the growth of the plant.


Religiosity and spirituality are inseparable.Religiosity in Islam characterized by true submission which can only be built on the connerstone of knowledge about the nature of God and that of man.


The genome DNAs of five pathogenic Vibrios were extracted by kit method,including Vibrio cholerae,V. parahaemolyticus,V. vulnificus,V. alginolyticus and V. mimicus,and their five pairs of special primers were composed,respectively. The MPCR-DHPLC detection methods among the five vibrios were developed after the PCR reaction systems were optimized. The detection sensitivity of duplex PCR-DHPLC is 100 CFU/ml. The developed MPCR-DHPLC method has good application merit on detecting the Vibrios in foods.


This review is based on the debates held in Barcelona from 3 July 2012 to 4 July 2012 with the active participation of all authors. The debates were organized by B-Debate (an initiative of Biocat and Obra Social 'La Caixa') and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona). The event was held within the framework of the European INBIOMEDvision project (funded by the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) under grant agreement no. 270107). In addition, we received support from EU FP7 project no. 200754 (GEN2PHEN) and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115002 (eTOX) and no. 115191 (Open PHACTS), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the EU FP7 and in kind contributions from companies of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. L.I.F received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III Fondo Europeo de Desarollo Regional (CP10/00524).


The effect of very small crystal sizes on the average coordination number (ACN) was evaluated by computer calculations. For well ordered materials, the experimentally measured ACN is often very near the theoretical maximum, i.e. the infinite lattice limit. However, even in perfectly ordered crystals the coordination number has a significantly lowered value if the crystals are nanosized. For very small nanocrystals, the ACN drops down to 70–80% of the infinite lattice limit and such variation can be detected experimentally. A quick and accurate way of estimating the theoretical ACN from the first four coordination shells of simple cubic, face-centred cubic, body-centred cubic and hexagonal close-packed spherical nanocrystals is introduced.


rights. Part Seven, which concludes the collective volume, includes a disparate group of three chapters relating to comparative international law in investment and law of the sea. This section also contains some of the most captivating chapters in the volume. Tomer Broude, Yoram Z. Haftel, and Alexander Thompson begin with a chapter entitled "Who Cares About Regulatory Space in BITs? A Comparative International Approach" (p. 527). Makane Moïse Mbengue and Stefanie Schacherer then elaborate on the Pan-African Investment Code (PIAC) as an example of comparative international law (p. 547). The authors take PIAC as an example to identify similarities and differences between the Pan-African approach and what is considered the norm in international investment law and also with the new reform process that investment law is undertaking. They identify some of the novelties of the treaty—for example the requirement that an investor has substantial business activity in the host state, its take on the mostfavored nation and national treatment standards, and the absence of a provision on fair and equitable treatment. This contextualization of PIAC within the larger framework of international investment law is an apt demonstration of the advantage of the comparative international law approach. In the book's last chapter, Emilia Justyna Powell presents a fascinating study of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in Islamic Law states (p. 571). She observes that while Islamic Law states are generally skeptical of international law, they have mostly ratified UNCLOS. She then uses a comparative international law approach to explain why that occurs, and concludes that the substantive and procedural congruence of Islamic law with the UNCLOS regime, as well as the possibility of adding stipulations, including declarations and restrictions. The chapter is particularly novel and makes an interesting contribution to the volume. Overall, this is noteworthy and valuable volume. It makes a significant case as to the important learning available from the understanding of how and why nations' approaches of international law are different.


Hoffe et al. (2002) provide a thorough and instructive analysis of the benefit of using receiver arrays for P-P and P-S data acquisition. Their conclusion that "geophone groups are unnecessary for P-P data acquisition and detrimental to P-S data quality" applies to data acquisition in "the Blackfoot area, given the source configuration and the 24-bit recording instrument." The question may be asked: In how far is this conclusion applicable to acquisition in other areas than Blackfoot? Intuitively, one might say that the conclusion would apply to areas with low levels of ground roll and with rapid variations in shear-wave statics. In areas with a low level of ground roll, suppression of this noise by stacking and migration may be adequate. In other areas, described for instance in Newman (2000), the severe ground roll requires arrays for its suppression. Yet, at the same time there may still be rapid variations in shear-wave statics. The detrimental effect of intra-array shear-wave statics is clearly shown in the paper and likely applied in many other areas. The only way of satisfying the requirement to suppress severe ground roll while not harming the P-S waves is by reducing the group interval, not using arrays, but suppressing noise in prestack processing, stacking, and migration (i.e., in the computer rather than in the field).


A personal digital assistant includes an input section for designating, when a user requests information based on positional information, whether user desires to acquire wide-area information or narrow-area information. If acquisition of narrow-area information is desired, a managing server removes noise by a noise removal processing section which makes a check to determine whether or not the wide-area information is noise. Hence, information desired by the user is preferentially displayed.


In recent years, the development of the artificial intelligence is changing with each passing day. Artificial intelligence has more and more application scenarios in modern production and life, generating more value and sparking numerous discussions. The epoch-making significance of the launch of ChatGPT (and its successive version GPT4) in late 2022 cannot be overstated. In just two months, it became the fastest application in human history to exceed 100 million registered users worldwide and is considered the core digital product of the next-generation technological revolution, with great potential for development. ChatGPT's high intelligence can efficiently solve many problems faced by the European small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, providing more possible approaches for their growth. To explore growth strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, semi-structured interviews have been conducted (n=24) and a qualitative methodology is used to analyze the role that ChatGPT can play. The optimization and assistance that ChatGPT can bring to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector is analyzed in a structured way from the aspects of human resource management, strategy decision making, fund raising, service research and development, finance, marketing, sales, administration and operation. Based on findings and existing research on the role of artificial intelligence in SMEs' development, the authors propose development paths and implementation strategies for ChatGPT technology to assist small and medium-sized enterprises in optimization and growing.


Hydrogenation of butadiene was conducted at 473K on Co, Mo and Co-Mo sulfide catalysts supported on NaY and Al2O3 as a probe-reaction to characterize the active metal species in the binary sulfide catalysts at a relatively high temperature. The distributions of butene were considerably different as compared among Mo and Co sulfides; Mo sulfide catalysts providing almost an equilibrium-distribution of butenes, and Co sulfide catalysts showing 1-butene-rich compositions. With NaY-supported Co-Mo binary sulfide catalysts, prepared by using metal carbonyls as precursors, the butene distribution was Co-like, clearly indicating that the hydrogenation occurred on the Co sites, in spite of the simultaneous presence of the same amounts of the Co and Mo sulfide clusters. In the case of an Al2O3-supported Mo sulfide catalyst decorated with Co sulfide species, using Co-carbonyl, it is suggested that most of the Mo sulfide sites are modified by the Co species, although some Mo sites are used for the reaction. Comparing the distributions of butene in the hydrogenation of butadiene with that in the isomerization of 1-butene, it is concluded that the isomerization of butenes takes place on Mo sulfide sites in the presence of butadiene, while the isomerization on Co sites is significantly retarded by the presence of butadiene.


In the present article there is a short presentation of the historical backdrop of the social partner calling globally and in our nation. Accentuation is set on network social help and the improvement of this arrangement of social assurance in the interwar period, the socialist time frame, and after the upheaval of December 1989. The phases of the improvement of the advanced education of social help with the area of Arad after the unrest are stamped. The paper presents the cause exercises completed by understudies at the UAV Arad under the direction of their educators and the media inclusion of these activities (by press and TV). Media inclusion has prompted a superior information on the calling and an expansion in the quantity of understudies who wish to take up this calling.


Abstract
 This paper proposes a method for estimating transportation supply requirements when the suppressed demand of the transportation disadvantaged (TD) can be calculated and added to existing demand for travel. The underlying assumption is that the travel conditions of these TD groups must be equal to the 'conventional' demand, known as 'full release'. Utilising the modelling approach for TD, suppressed demand analysis, diagnosis of difficulties and equity between conventional and disadvantaged groups were realised, while elaborating special cases for the most vulnerable TD groups (such as elderly and disabled persons) and simultaneously identifying areas of difficulty. From the early virtual results, it is concluded that, for the full release of suppressed trips (only a 5% increase), policy makers must be ready to face some financial burdens, requiring coordination of effort to both standardise these TD groups and reduce the costs incurred by operators.


Introduction Swedish public entities will from the beginning of next year be prevented from engaging in business activities that distort competition. This is the implication of a legislative…


We answer a question posed by Tibor Gallai in 1969 concerning criticality in Sperner's lemma, listed as Problem 9.14 in the collection of Jensen and Toft [Graph coloring problems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995]. Sperner's lemma states that if a labelling of the vertices of a triangulation of the d -simplex ∆ d with labels 1 , 2 , . . . , d +1 has the property that (i) each vertex of ∆ d receives a distinct label, and (ii) any vertex lying in a face of ∆ d has the same label as one of the vertices of that face, then there exists a rainbow facet (a facet whose vertices have pairwise distinct labels). For d ≤ 2, it is not difficult to show that for every facet σ , there exists a labelling with the above properties where σ is the unique rainbow facet. For every d ≥ 3, however, we construct an infinite family of examples where this is not the case, which implies the answer to Gallai's question as a corollary. The construction is based on the properties of a 4-polytope which had been used earlier to disprove a claim of Theodore Motzkin on neighbourly polytopes.


The stability of extracellular matrices is in general ensured by cross-linking of its components. Previously, we had shown that the integrity of the layered Drosophila cuticle relies on the presence of a covalent cuticular dityrosine network. Production and composition of this structure remained unstudied. In this work, we present our analyses of the schlaff (slf) gene coding for a C-type lectin that is needed for the adhesion between the horizontal cuticle layers. The Slf protein mainly localizes between the two layers called epicuticle and procuticle that separate from each other when the function of Slf is reduced or eliminated paralleling the phenotype of a cuticle with reduced extracellular dityrosine. Localisation of the dityrosinylated protein Resilin to the epicuticle-procuticle interface suggests that the dityrosine network mediates the adhesion of the epicuticle to the procuticle. Ultimately, compromised Slf function is associated with massive water loss. In summary, we propose that Slf is implied in the stabilisation of a dityrosine layer especially between the epicuticle and the procuticle that in turn constitutes an outward barrier against uncontrolled water flow. Summary statement Extracellular matrices adopt a stereotypic organisation for function during development. The lectin Schlaff assists adhesion reactions to ensure compactness of the epidermal cuticle in Drosophila.


Adolescents and young adults have the highest rates of sexually transmitted disease (STD) due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and residents of juvenile detention centers are at particularly high risk. In this study, investigators …


The application of air-acetylene fl ame atomic absorbing spectral method to measure the content of Cu、Fe trance quantity in silver-magnesium salt membrane of zine-silver pow der was studied.The optimum measuring conditions for Cu,Fe and p otency in which a fine liner range pre sents were introduced,and the interference factors were considered.The method had the advantages of high sensitivity,less interference and good selectivity and reappearan ce.The relative standard deviation s were all less than 1.0%in ten sample measures,and the standard ad ding recovery was in the range of 97.0%~103.0%,the practice showed that the method was fully suit ed to measure the content of Cu,Fe tra ce quantity in silver-magnesium salt membrane.The proposed method w as proved to be an useful and tinishes the requirement of all-round achieving laboratory analysis quality control.


This paper presents a horizontal vibration isolator with electromagnetic planar actuator using multi hall-effect sensor network. The horizontal vibration isolator under study consists of two main parts: a passive vibration isolator and an electromagnetic planar actuator using multi hall-effect sensor network. A model of a planar actuator consists of 1D Halbach magnet array and a set of 3 phase coils is derived based on DQ decomposition and the muti hall-effect sensor is built to achieve the relation position of the magnet array and coil. Simulations and experiment model are performed to verify horizontal disturbance rejection of the vibration isolator.


Abstract Typical flow problems, like arching or bridging, of ultrafine cohesive powders are caused by undesired particle adhesion, poor flowability and large compressibility and intensified by poor permeability. Thus, the physical understanding of micromechanics of ultrafine particle flow and permeation is very essential to design properly the product quality and to improve the process performance in particle technology.A force balance at a homogenously assumed, dynamic bridge is formulated at the hopper outlet that includes the dead weight, inertia, wall and drag forces. The permeation resistance is calculated as sum of a microscopic flow-around resistance of single particles plus the macroscopic bed resistance of the moving cohesive powder bridge. The resulting differential equation is shown for turbulent flow-through conditions of air. The first integration gives analytical discharge velocity-time function, steady-state discharge velocity and the characteristic discharge time of incipient (accelerated) flow. The second integration results in analytical height-time and velocity-height functions, discharge and residence times. This method results in physically consistent, analytical models that are comfortable to handle and easy to prove. The steady-state discharge velocity is compared with measurements of full-scale silos at Coperion and Zeppelin companies. This publication describes the results of a closed collaboration between university and industry. The practical objective of the project was to solve the serious discharge problems of ultrafine, compressible, hardly permeable, cohesive powders by applying mechanical vibrations during their gravitational flow.


On the 0000--0800 shift, September 30, 1959, the delayed neutron monitor on KER Loop 3 gave a high coolant activity signal. Events occurred rapidly that tended to substantiate the possibility of a fuel element failure in this loop. KE reactor was shut down immediately thereafter. This report is being written to summarize the sequence of events prior to and those following the KE reactor scram and to discuss the results and significance of data from analyses on coolant and coupon samples taken from KER Loop 3.


As digital signal processors become more advanced, many real-time recognition problems will be solved with completely integrated solutions. This research presents a methodology which is designed for today's DSP architectures and is capable of addressing applications in real-time color object recognition. The methodology is based on a processing structure called raster scan video processing (RSVP) which requires a small amount of memory for both single and multiple processor implementations. The small amount of memory required enables the entire recognition system to be implemented on a single DSP. The RSVP structure is presented along with an example relation and object oriented processing mode. The system is applied to the problem of road-sign recognition with video and individual frame recognition results presented.


These days, I can't calm myself down. I have thought a lot about my younger sister dropping out of school.


Subtelomeres are dynamic regions oCthe genome found at chromosome extremities. These rcgions are gene rich and highly susceptible to chromosomal rearrangements. Ciyptic subtelomeric rearrangcmcnts have bcen rcportcd prcviously in approximately 6% of patients with mental retardation and dysmorphism/congenital malformations. Subtelomere analysis is now part of the routine investigation of mental retardation. Congenital fetal malformations are diagnosed through ultrasound in 3-4% of pregnancies and their etiology remains unclear in most cases. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the role of cryptic subtclomeric rearrangements in the development of fetal malformations which had neyer been donc before. We first had to determine the technical feasibility of multi subtelomere fISI-i analysis in the prenatal period. We did so by adapting a multiprobe subtelomcrc assay designed for lymphocyte chromosomes to amniocyte chromosomes. We then used the assay to study 49 fetuses with major malformations and a normal karyotype at a minimal resolution of 400 hands. We identified six subtelomeric abnormalities: two inherited dcrivativc chromosomes, one signal amplification of undctermined clinical significance, two known polymorphisms as well as one novel family variant. These resuits show a 4-6% frequency of clinically significant subtelomeric rearrangements in our population of fetuses with major malformations. This study reports the technical feasibility of multi-subtelomere FISI-I analysis in the prenatal period on a single siide of metaphase sprcads as well as the relevance of routine subtelomere screening in the investigation of fetal malformations.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of jhum crop under the Slush-mulch condition for sustainable crop production in Chittagong hill tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. The experiments were conducted during March 2015 to February 2016 at Bandarban in Chittagong under the AEZ 29 (Northern and Eastern Hills Tract). The experiment was designed on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experiment had three treatments as T1 Control T2 Application of 100% chemical fertilizers on STB (N37 P15 K14 S8 kg ha-1) and T3 Application of 125% chemical fertilizers on STB along with mulch (about 50 kg natural weed per 20 m2 plot) and no mulch conditions. Fertilization under slush-mulch condition had a positive role on the yield of Jhum rice and that of other Jhum crops. Under sole application of fertilizer, the highest grain yield of rice (4.27 t ha-1) was obtained from the application of 125%of RDF on STB, the lowest value (2.65 t ha-1) being noted in control. On the other hand, mulching favored the yield of rice grain, the highest grain yield (4.44 t ha-1) being obtained from the combination of mulching along with the application of fertilizers @ 125%RDF on STB, the lowest grain yield (1.89 t ha-1) was recorded from the absolute control. The yield of jhum other crops also significantly influenced in mulch condition. The negative balance of soil nutrient was increased with the rates of fertilizer application under both mulch and no-mulch conditions.


In [8] (Nakagawa,et.al., IEEE Trans. IT, 2021), we investigated the convergence speed of the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm. In [8], the convergence of the order O (1 /N ) was analyzed by focusing on the second-order nonlinear recurrence formula consisting of the first- and second-order terms of the Taylor expansion of the defining function of the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm. However, in [8], an infinite number of inequalities were assumed as a "conjecture," and proofs were given based on the conjecture. In this paper, we report a proof of the convergence of the order O (1 /N ) for a class of channel matrices without assuming the conjecture. The correctness of the proof will be confirmed by several numerical examples.


To what extent do clinical record data vary as a function of differences in institutional data collection practices? Fifty records of learning problems, ten of which were gathered in each of five clinics, were transcribed into computer-acceptable form using a generalized information processing system, the Psychiatric Case History Event System, so that comparative studies of their structure and content could be undertaken.


Biopreservation refers to the use of antagonistic microorganisms or their metabolic products to inhibit or destroy undesired microorganisms in foods to enhance food safety and extend shelf life. In order to achieve improved food safety and to harmonize consumer demands with the necessary safety standards, traditional means of controlling microbial spoilage and safety hazards in foods are being replaced by combinations of innovative technologies that include biological antimicrobial systems such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and/or their metabolites. Bacillus spp. have an antimicrobial action against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, as well as fungi, can therefore be used as a potential biopreservative in food processing due to its wide antimicrobial spectra. Bacteriocins are peptides or complex proteins biologically active with antimicrobial action against other bacteria, principally closely related species. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have received particular attention in recent years due to their potential application in food industry as natural preservatives. Bacteriocin production in Bacillus spp. has been studied over the past few decades which include Subtilin from B. subtilis, Megacin from B. megaterium and Thermacin from B. stearothermophilus. Biopreservation may be effectively used in combination with other preservative factors (called hurdles) to inhibit microbial growth and achieve food safety. Using an adequate mix of hurdles is not only economically attractive; it also serves to improve microbial stability and safety, as well as the sensory and nutritional qualities of a food.


Following the success of The Gondoliers (1889), Gilbert wrote to Sullivan: 'It gives one the chance of shining right through the twentieth century.' However, while this prophecy was largely fulfilled, clouds of cultural disapproval have darkened over the Savoy operas since the start of the present century, especially with regard to the mockery of women's education at the heart of Princess Ida (1884) and, most pointedly, the demeaning and ostensibly racist depiction of the Japanese in The Mikado (1885). On the other hand, the largely overlooked Utopia, Limited (1893) has experienced a boom in productions over the last decade, seemingly due to its subject matter, which, as one recent critic put it, make it 'an anti-colonialist, anti-capitalist comic opera'. He also argues that, while some of the traditional performance practices associated with The Mikado ought to be re-evaluated, recent objections to the spirit of the opera as a whole are not entirely justified, and that a re-evaluation of the validity of some (but not all) of the performance practices traditionally associated with The Mikado is both just and timely. Alan Fischler is a Professor of English at Le Moyne College, Syracuse. He is the author of Modified Rapture: Comedy in W. S. Gilbert's Savoy Operas (University of Virginia Press, 1991) and 'Drama' in the Blackwell Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture (2014), among many other articles on Gilbert and nineteenth-century theatre.


Using canonical transformations we diagonalize approximately the Hamiltonian of a gaussian wire with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. This proceedure allows us to obtain the energy dispersion relations and the wavefunctions with good accuracy, even in systems with relatively strong Rashba coupling. With these eigenstates one can calculate the non-equilibrium spin densities induced by applying bias voltages across the sample. We focus on the z-component of the spin density, which is related to the spin Hall effect.


We examine the energy spectra of H, He, O, and Fe ions on the temporal intensity plateau region in large solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, where intensities may be ''streaming limited.'' Upstream of shock waves near the Sun, equilibrium may occur when outwardly streaming protons amplify resonant Alfvén waves that then scatter subsequent protons sufficiently to reduce the streaming. In the largest SEP events, the so-called ground-level events (GLEs), we find proton energy spectra that are peaked near ∼10 MeV with the energy of similar peaks decreasing for heavier ions and for smaller events. These spectra contrast sharply with spectra near the time of shock passage which rise monotonically above the plateau spectra with decreasing energy. We suggest that strong suppression of upstream ion intensities near ∼1 MeV amu−1 on the plateau occurs when those ions resonate with waves amplified earlier by streaming protons of ∼10 MeV and above. GLEs with much lower intensities of 10–100 MeV protons on the plateau show spectra of ions that rise monotonically toward low energies with no peaking and no suppression of low-energy ions. Wave amplification by streaming protons and the pitch-angle dependence of the resonance condition are essential factors in our understanding of the limiting behavior.


Long-term moisture performance is a critical consideration for design and construction of building envelopes in energy-efficient buildings, yet field measurements of moisture characteristics for highly insulated wood-frame walls in mixed-humid climates are lacking. Temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content of wood framing and oriented strand board (OSB) structural panel sheathing were measured over a period from mid-November 2011 through March 2013 in both north- and south-facing orientations in test structures near Washington, DC, USA. Wall configurations varied in exterior cladding, water-resistive barrier, level of cavity insulation, presence of exterior continuous insulation, and interior vapor retarder. The combination of high interior humidity and high vapor permeance of painted gypsum board led to significant moisture accumulation in OSB sheathing during winter in walls without a vapor retarder. In contrast, wintertime moisture accumulation was not significant with an interior kraft vapor retarder. Extruded polystyrene exterior insulation had a predictable effect on wall cavity temperature but a marginal impact on OSB moisture content in walls with vinyl siding and interior kraft vapor retarder. Hygrothermal simulations approximately captured the timing of seasonal


Semantic segmentation has been a core learning task in the autonomous driving technology stack. However, current deep learning-based models do not perform well at nighttime due to the low illumination. In this study, we present an instance-level data augmentation method to increase the quantity and diversity for the low-resource classes to feed more instances of these classes to the training algorithm, with an aim to encourage the model to learn more features and patterns to better distinguish the low-resource classes presented in the original training set. We validate the method on the Dark Zurich dataset, a typical dataset that contains driving scene images taking at daytime e, twilight, and nighttime. We take the ``person'' class as an example and apply the instance-level data augmentation method. Experimental results have shown significant improvement compared to the SOTA, lifting the IoU by 4.52%. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, indicating that the augmenting low-resource classes at the instance level is a promising strategy and can be an effective complement alongside other performance boosting methods.


This scienti c writing describes the making of an Admin- istration Application programs using Microsoft program- ming languages Motel Visual Basic 6.0 is accompanied by a  owchart ( owchart). In scienti c writing is used as a database by using the technology of Data Access Ob- ject (DAO) 3.6 has been integrated in the visual basic 6.0 program itself. Consists of 6 fruit table, namely Admin, CheckIn, CheckOut, Room Reservation, User.


Measuring water in surface irrigation systems is critical for peak efficiency management. Without knowing the amount of water being applied, it is difficult to make decisions on when to stop irrigating or when to irrigate next. A good irrigation manager should know the flow rate of the irrigation water, the total time of the irrigation event and the acreage irrigated. From this, the total amount of water applied can be determined, which will help determine whether the irrigation was adequate and when the next irrigation should be. Irrigation management decisions should be made based on the amount of water applied and how this relates to the consumptive use demands of the plants and the soil water holding capacity.


The unique metal to insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it receiving extensive attention in the application of smart window. As for VO2-based smart window, the critical transition temperature (Tc) is required to be reduced to near room temperature for practical applications. In this paper, we fabricated VO2 films on ITO glass by hydrothermal method and applied voltage to ITO, therefore, the joule heat generated by ITO triggered the complete MIT of VO2 at room temperature in very short time ~3 s with applied voltage of 12 V. The VO2 film on ITO substrate shows obviously widened hysteresis behavior in the reversible transition process with a thermal hysteresis width of ~33 °C. The widened hysteresis loop makes it possible to stabilize the rutile phase (R) of VO2 at room temperature via applying a low holding voltage of 6 V. The proposed VO2/ITO film exhibits promising application in active smart window, and possesses advantages of simple structure, easy-fabricated and low-cost.


Abstract Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was oscillated to accelerate hydrolysis. Hydrolysed TEOS reacted with hexamethydisizane to form hydrophobic sol–gels from which hydrophobic antireflection films were fabricated by spin coating. Enough solvent, such as ethanol, must be added to help the reaction proceed smoothly. Atomic force microscopy was employed to investigate the effect of the proportion of ethanol added on the nanostructure, water contact angle (WCA) and transmission of the spin coating film. A molar ratio of ethanol/TEOS of 12 is optimal for obtaining a uniformly nanoporous film. The average transmission, average and maximum WCA are 93·02%, 111·58 and 119·04° respectively. When silica sol was dispersed by both water and ethanol, trimethyl modified silica repelled water and aggregated to form submicrometre columnar structures after spin coating. Its performances on WCA and transmission are worse than silica sol dispersed by ethanol only. The hydrophobic functional group of silica sol influences WCA stronger than roughness does.


With the transition from laboratory-controlled to daunting in-the-wild conditions of facial Emotion recognition (FER) and the recent popularity of deep learning strategies in various fields, deep neural networks[1], [2] have rapidly been leveraged to train discriminatory representations for automated FER. The FER will allow us to recognize the Emotion of the human face that is a major blow to recent technological development. Recent FER programmers are typically concentrating on two critical issues: overfitting due to lack of appropriate training evidence and emotion-related differences such as lighting, head posture and identification bias. It encourages to improve the other innovations, such as incorporating FER into the robotic device in order to provide the robot feelings. A systematic survey of deep FER including datasets and algorithms that offer insight into these inherent issues. First, the FER scheme with the relevant context information and recommendations for the implementations to be applied at each level. Introducing the relevant datasets that are commonly used in the literature and including agreed data collection and assessment criteria for these data sets. Competitive results on commonly used metrics that can be used to develop the project to the maximum degree that, in essence, helps more developments and the environment. The main motivation to work is to improve the accuracy for the following model statement which could make an impact on the future work. Along with that a comparative analysis between the used model and transfer learning model will provide a proper novelty for the research work.


Hybrids between Blaps gibba (distributed in Southern Europe) and B. mucronata (widely distributed in Europe and imported to North America) from some small Italian islands are described. This is the first ascertained case of natural hybridization in tenebrionid beetles. Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications are discussed.


Nishida, G.M. 1992. Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. Second edition. Honolulu: Bishop Museum, pp. 287. References Assembly of the genes resulted in close similarities. Bp numbers varied from 387 to 690 but for all samples the genetic variability was around 99% (Appendix I, Table 3). When generating contigs, each gene resulted in a single contig with relatively high quality ranging from 85%-98%. There were no distinctions between populations or species. Two outliers were persistent in all analysis processes; OD543 and OD547. Both had bp numbers under 200, which may have resulted in their exclusion.


This study deals with the impact of the daily practice of an oral tradition first language (Gabonese of Bantu) upon the learning French language. Three groups of pupils in the fifth year in primary school, one composed of French native speakers and the two others of Gabonese native speakers differing by the frequency of their use of the French language, have been given two experimental hand-written tasks related to the insertion of three pronouns (that, whose, where) in French. The analysis of their performances expressed in terms of number of errors, shows that the group of Gabonese native speakers rarely using French significantly makes more mistakes than the other two groups while using "that" (F(2,189)= 6,15, p < .0001) and "whose" (F(2,189)= 5,05, p < .05). However, the three groups show nearly identical performances when it comes to the use of "where" (F(2,189)= 0,23, n.s.). On the whole, this study gives an account of the possibilities of knowledge transfer between two languages of a very different nature because, among other things, of the existence of a means of expression which is basically oral for one whereas the other is both oral and written. This difference is particularly reinforced in this study insofar as it deals with the use of cohesion markers often used in written discourse but less frequent in oral discourse.


Recent developments in the field of business process management have made it possible to effectively deal with large collections of process models that exhibit many similarities but also context-dependent differences. In this paper these developments are exploited in the domain of screen business. In particular, different processes in audio editing are described in an integrated artifact, called reference process model, capturing their context-dependent variation points. This model can then be configured by domain experts, who are asked to select the process variants that best suit the needs of a specific audio editing project, via the use of a questionnaire. It is argued that configurable reference process models provide a structured basis for communicating the state-of-the-art in this rapidly evolving field.


Optimization is the process of selecting the best possible results among many possible results under given circumstances. Mathematically it is finding the global maxima or minima of a function. This paper concerns with the optimization of a cantilever beam. The governing idea is to reduce the mass of the beam for a given strength. The cross section under consideration is a rectangular one. A Graphical Approach has been adopted to plot SOM equations on Matlab to obtain a common acceptable domain. A traditional method, Johnson's method was considered to account for fatigue strength of the material and obtain optimum dimensions. Finally COMSOL software was used to topologically optimize the beam. Keywords— Structural Optimization, Cantilever Beam, Johnson's method, topological optimization, COMSOL.


We present a new form of Kalman filter that allows the size of the state vector estimated by the filter to vary in an arbitrary way. The state vector is structured as a single global state vector and any number of local state vectors. The local state vectors are allowed to be coupled by the system plant equations to the global state vector, but not to each other. This means that the inverse covariance matrix contains mostly zeroes, and this allows the Kalman filter to be formulated such that the time complexity is a linear function of the number of local states, rather than cubic as would be the case with the normal Kalman filter. Local states may be added to or removed from the state vector at any time. The filter does not strictly allow state dynamics, but approximate methods are available under certain assumptions. We have implemented an active camera calibration algorithm for a high performance head/eye platform, Yorick, using the filter. This uses the trajectories of an arbitrary and changing number of tracked image features to update the calibration parameters over time. The algorithm is fully integrated into a parallel real-time vision system for gaze control.


Objective\ To assess the efficacy of t ra nscranial stereotactic aspiration for hypertensive intracerebral hematoma. \ Methods\ The target point was localized by CT three dime nsional scanning. After repeated transcranial aspiration or suction and irrigation with NS, a drainage tube was inserted in place and urokinase was pu t through the tube. 82 patients were treated with this technique. The outc ome was compared with another 82 cases treated with conventional therapy.\ Results\ The overall response rate for the treated group was 70.73 %, and 47.56% for the controls; the difference was significant ( χ 2=9.10, P 0.01 ). For the scores of recovery of neurological deficiency, the treated group got higher than those for the controls on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 af ter aspiration; the difference was also significant ( t=3.77-8.02, P 0.05).\ Conclusion\ The efficacy of slightly traumatic aspiration for hypertensive intracerebral hematoma is evident. [


1. The effect of cell density on chemotaxis in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has been examined by placing attracting and responding populations of washed myxamoebae at various densities on a hydrophobic agar surface. Aggregations in the former populations attracted cells out of neighboring responding populations which were deposited a few hours later. Attracting populations of 400-5000 cells, confined in droplets with a diameter of 0.5- 0.7 mm., all induced a similar chemotactic response.2. The period between early aggregation in the attracting populations and its completion was unchanging at the various cell densities.3. Smaller populations with a diameter of ca. 0.35 mm. and containing ca. 500 cells gave a maximal secretion of attracting substance per cell when compared with cells at higher densities. At lower densities, the attraction by the whole aggregate was decreased. The results show that very small groups of cells optimally spaced are able to attract all myxamoebae within an ar...


State-of-the-art term structure models of commodity prices have serious difficulties extrapolating the prices of long-maturity futures contracts from short-dated contracts. This situation is problematic for valuing real commodity-linked assets. We estimate a nonlinear four-factor continuous time model of commodity price dynamics. The model nests many previous specifications. To estimate the model, we use crude oil prices and inventories. The inventory data and nonlinear price dynamics have a large impact on oil price forecasts. The additional factor in our model compared with current three-factor models has a significant impact on model-implied long-maturity futures prices.Received November 23, 2015; editorial decision September 12, 2016 by Editor Geert Bekaert.


In order to promote the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilusL 101 (LAL101),six growth promoters (tomato juice,carrot juice,cap fungus juice,soybean sprout juice,beer and isomaltooligosaccharide) were selected and applied to basal medium (MRS) with different ratios. The effect of each promoter on the growth of LAL101was evaluated in single factor tests and the optimal combination of these growth promoters were optimized by orthogonal tests. The results showed that when LAL101 is incubated at 38 ℃ for a period of 14 h under non-pH-controlled condition,the better growth of LAL101 is observed in basal medium supplemented with 10% (V/V) soybean sprout juice,which shows the best promotion effects among the selected ones,with the viable count being 4.034×109 CFU/ml. The maximum growth of LAL101 is observed,when basal medium is supplemented with the best combination of four growth promoters,soybean sprout juice 5% (V/V),cap fungus juice 10% (V/V),tomato juice 10% (V/V) and isomaltooligosacharide(10g/L),and when LAL101 is incubated at 38℃ for a period of 14 h under non-pH-controlled condition,the viable count reaches 5.25×1010 CFU/ml. The results of this study can provide the necessary technological parameters for the growth of LAL101 in production.


The article is devoted to the saturation of building materials industry personnel in the Mari, Mordovia and the Chuvash Autonomous Republic. The quantitative and qualitative composition of workers in the industry.


A machine (10), which is configured to travel on the surface. Material removal mechanism (15) configured to remove material from the surface. The frame (14) supporting the material removal mechanism. Conveyor (18) configured to receive the material and the material is conveyed to a position away from the machine. Pivotal connection (50) comprises a connecting portion (60, 66) respectively to said frame and connected to the conveyor, said connecting portion (60, 66) configured to mate with one another to permit relative to the conveyor the rack pivot.


Solid tumors account for approximately 70% of malignant neoplasms in children younger than 15 years of age. The 5‐year survival of children with solid tumors increased from 27% to 70% between 1960 and 1990. The slope of the curve that describes the change in survival over this period is remarkably constant, reflecting the nature of progress made through clinical trials.


Silicon suboxides (SiOx, x < 2) have been recognized as a promising anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs), especially when the O content is relatively low. To better understand the lithiation behavior in partially oxidized silicon at the atomistic level, we perform density functional theory calculations to examine the structural evolution, bonding mechanism, mechanical property, and voltage profile of lithiated a-SiO1/3. With lithiation, the a-SiO1/3 host matrix gradually disintegrates as Li atoms are accommodated by both Si and O atoms. Interestingly, we find that the Si–Li coordination number (CN) monotonically increases up to CNSi–Li ≈ 10 in a-Li4SiO1/3, whereas CNO–Li tends to saturate far before full lithiation at CNO–Li ≈ 6; the formation mechanism of such intriguing Li6O complexes with Oh symmetry is investigated via detailed electronic structure analyses. Li incorporation in the a-SiO1/3 matrix is predicted to be highly favorable with a capacity comparable to that of fully li...


In the following, I explore the idea of psychology as a science in Barbara Held's (2020) reading of Thomas Teo's (and Klaus Holzkamp's) distinction of research for and from versus about people. Held argues convincingly that research about people entails aspects for people and vice versa. In her view, to equate mainstream psychology research with research from above and critical/Indigenous research with research from below is an oversimplification. She concludes that Teo's distinction is fuzzy and thus exhibits limited applicability. I want to argue that Teo's distinction is useful in a political sense and under the premise of research from the standpoint of the subject.


This paper reviews assessment of financial market infrastructures (FMIs) and authorities' responsibilities in Canada. The report shows that the FMIs have operated normally under a well-established legal and oversight framework that is distinct for Canada. The Bank of Canada (BOC) has issued a Guideline that defines the criteria for identifying FMIs. Recognition of a clearing agency is also required under provincial securities legislation where terms and conditions and the clearing rule would apply. The current oversight approach can benefit from stronger enforcement powers available to the BOC. Provincial securities regulators are encouraged to train FMI oversight staff in advanced quantitative skills to support risk assessment. Further enhancement in managing liquidity and operational risks will help ensure the robust functioning of FMIs. Improvements in cyber resiliency continue in line with international guidance, including industry-wide exercises carried out by FMI operators and participants. However, compliance to endpoint security needs to be tightened by self-attestations and audits of FMI participants. The categorization and reporting of operational incident severity levels could be further coordinated.


There has been great progress towards the development of new agents for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). New therapeutic avenues have become possible, including the development of agents that target specific genetic pathways found to be relevant in patients with IBD. Moderate-to-severe IBD patients have required an infusion or subcutaneous injection therapies in the past, but there is an influx of new oral medications in development and a promising one is already approved by the FDA, tofacitinib. We will summarize this progress in this editorial.


An advanced static VAr generator (ASVG) of 20 MVAr rating capacity will be installed in the Chinese Henan electric power system to improve its transient stability in 1998. The ASVG will be composed of an 18-pulse voltage source inverter using gate turn-off thyristors (GTO). A dynamic model of the ASVG is deduced in this paper. The installed site of the ASVG has been selected by an eigenvalue sensitivity method, and how the stability degree of Henan electric power system will be affected by the inverter capacitor and additional control signal is investigated by eigenvalue analysis. Furthermore, the optimal controller of the ASVG is designed by large-scale system decentralized optimal output feedback control theory. The digital simulation results of the large disturbance show that the ASVG with the optimal controller will obviously improve the transient stability.


By introducing the polar material with high absorption into one dimensional photonic crystal,we construct one dimensional photonic crystal microcavity.With the help of transfer matrix methods,the transmission、reflection and absorption properties of one dimensional photonic crystal containing SiC microcavity are studied.The results show that the structure has a total absorption peak at the wavelength λ=12.6 μm,that the absorption peak is insensitive to incident angle and polarization between 0 to 50 degrees.The structure can be used to fabricate total absorber with wide angle and may find potential application in thermal emission and photovoltaic cells.


Objective To evaluate the effects of sinomenine on neuronal apoptosis in the spinal dorsal horns in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods One hundred and eight male Wistar rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups with 36 animals in each group:sham operation group (group S),NP group and sinomenine group (group SIN).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.In groups NP and SIN,NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury.The sciatic nerve was exposed and four ligatures were placed on the right sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 chromic catgut.In group S,the right sciatic nerves were exposed,but not ligated.In group SIN,sinomenine 40 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day starting from the end of operation until one day before the rats were sacrificed.In groups NP and S,the rats received the equal volume of normal saline instead of sinomenine.Twelve animals in each group were randomly chosen at 1 day before operation (T0) and 3,7 and 14 days after operation (T1-33) to measure mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL).The rats in each group were sacrificed at T1-3 after measurement of pain threshold and the lumbar segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were removed for determination of caspase-3 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA expression (by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR) and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) in the spinal dorsal horn.Apoptosis rate (AR =the number of apoptotic cells/the total number of cells examined) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,MWT and TWL were significantly decreased,the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA was up-regulated,and AR was increased at T1-3 in NP and SIN groups (P < 0.05).Compared with group NP,MWT and TWL were significantly increased,the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA was down-regulated,and AR was decreased at T1-3 in group SIN (P < 0.05).MWT and TWL were significantly lower,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA and AR were higher at T2,3 than at T1 in groups NP and SIN (P < 0.05).Conclusion Sinomenine can attenuate NP through inhibiting the expression of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway and reducing neuronal apoptosis in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.

Key words:
Sinomenine;  Neuralgia;  Apoptosis;  Spinal cord


Results of fire experiments in two important rangeland types in central Australia showed that a winter fire was effective in reducing fuel and was easily controlled. Composition of pasture plants palatable to cattle was either maintained or improved. A summer fire significantly decreased the grass component white increasing the proportion of forbs, particularly unpalatable species. Rainfall, season of burning and reduction of cover appeared to be important factors in controlling the composition of post-fire herbage. There was no important effect of fire on nutrients in either season of burning.


Many reasons may be presented to support the fact that the specialty of anesthesiology at the present time is an accepted and expanding field within medical practice. It is also true that many controversial aspects still exist within it. Well founded, scientific differences of opinion are healthy and thought stimulating. On the other hand, conceptions held through lack of information or experience usually prove detrimental to any movement. This is particularly true of anesthesiology, which, representing one of the more recent comprehensive branches of medicine, has not had sufficient time to fulfil more than a small portion of the possible opportunities for service. Consequently there are today more instances of inefficient application of anesthesia perhaps than of correct management. Therefore any measure which disseminates knowledge of proper anesthesiologic thought, particularly among those not actively engaged in the application of modern anesthesiology, would appear valuable to those concerned, including the profession


Understanding the breakdown mechanisms in FETs is a key factor in designing high power MMICs. The breakdown can be improved by reducing the electric field at the drain, and the gate leakage current. For MESFETs the drain field can be reduced by increasing the distances between the drain and gate contact. This leads to asymmetric source-gate and gate-drain spacings. For MODFETs with recessed gates, asymmetric designs are not successful in increasing the breakdown voltage because there is a low potential drop in the highly doped cap. Therefore wide etched gate recesses are required, but because of the symmetric etch processes, the source resistance is enhanced leading to a degradation in extrinsic transconductance. An other possibility for improving MODFET breakdown behaviour, is the use of surface depleted caps. However these MODFETs result in source current saturation in the 2DEG leading to an increase of the source and drain resistances at high currents.


A programmable temperature controller is shown, built up with commercially available parts and suitable for ESR measurements. Short- and long-term stabilities of about 0.01 degrees C are measured and the absolute temperature is programmable with a resolution greater than 0.01 degrees C. The requirements for this performance are demonstrated by an ESR experiment in a thermotropic mesophase near the critical point.


We are mapping an image clustering algorithm onto an FPGA- based computer system. Our approach processes raw pixel data in the red, green, blue color space and generates an output image where all pixels are assigned to classes. A class is a group of pixels with similar color and location. These classes are then used as the basis of further processing to generate tags. The tags, in turn, are used to generate queries for searching libraries of digital images. We run our image tagging approach on an FPGA-based computing machine. The image clustering algorithm is run on an FPGA board, and only the classified image is communicated to the host PC. Further processing is run on the host. Our experimental system consists of an Annapolis Wildforce board with four Xilinx XC4000 chips and a PCI connection to a host PC. Our implementation allows the raw image data to stay local to the FPGAs, and only the class image is communicated to the host PC. The classified pixels are then used to generate tags which can be used for searching a digital library. This approach allows us to parallelize the image processing on the FPGA board, and to minimize the data handled by the PC. FPGA platforms are ideally suited for this sort of initial processing of images. The large amount of image data can be preprocessed by exploiting the inherent parallelism available in FPGA architectures, keeping unnecessary data off the host processor. The result of our algorithm is a reduction by up to a factor of six in the number of bits required to represent each pixel. The output data is passed to the host PC, thus reducing the processing and memory resources needed compared to handling the raw data on the PC. The process of generating tags of images is simplified by first classifying pixels on an FPGA-based system, and digital library search is accelerated.


Abstract The present research proposes a standard nomenclature for mesoscale meteorological concepts and integrates existing concepts of atmospheric space scales, flow assumptions, governing equations, and resulting motions into a hierarchy useful in categorization of mesoscale models. New dynamically based mesoscale time- and space-scale boundaries are proposed, consistent with the importance of the Coriolis force. In the proposed flow-class classification, the starting point is the complete (no approximations) set of mesoscale equations for non-Boussinesq flows. In the subsequent scale analysis. the deep and shallow Boussinesq flow divisions of Dutton and Fichtl are kept, as is the shallow-flow subdivisions of Mahrt In addition, the scale analysis approach of Mahrt is extended to deep Boussinesq motions. Limits of applicability of each derived flow-class equation set (with respect to atmospheric phenomena that can be simulated) are also discussed. The proposed hierarchy of atmospheric motions is organiz...


A novel tri-mode ultraprecision positioning system for machine tools and measuring machine is proposed. The basic coarse mode uses a Twist-roller Friction Drive (abbr. TFD), and controls several tens of millimeters of the machine-table travel with nanometer order of positioning resolution. The fine mode also utilizes the TFD with a fine adjusting mechanism. The resolution of the fine mode is in the range of sub-nanometer. For realizing picometer positioning, the ultra-fine mode is executed by using an active aerostatic guideway. On the bearing surface of this active guideway, several Active Inherent Restrictors (abbr. AIRs) are embedded for controlling the table position. An AIR unit consists of a piezoelectric actuator having a through hole, one end of the hole on the bearing surface acts as an inherent restrictor. Owing to the aerostatic mechanism of the AIR, the deformation of the piezoelectric actuator in the AIR unit causes much reduced table displacement. Such motion reduction is effective for ultraprecision positioning. Current positioning resolution of the ultra-fine mode is 50pm, however the final goal of the positioning resolution is expected to be in the order of picometer.


Abstract The extensive promotion of Internet of Thing (IoT), provides assorted opportunities and benefits in wide aspect of our life but unfortunately, the IoT is associated with various kinds of vulnerability attacks and anomaly exploits. Security experts indicate voluminous risks enforced by the IoT devices in different aspects. So, the attacks and anomaly detection become a growing concern in this sector. Disparate attacks allied Malicious Control, Denial of Service, Malicious Operations, Scan, Data Type Probing, Wrong Setup and spying becomes the severe cause of IoT system failure. The main objective of these attacks has to steal the confidential information from the system and generates unavailability of the system for authorized users. As compulsion of IoT security, we proposed a novel ensemble hyper-tuned model that automatically and effectively detects IoT sensors attacks and anomalies. This robust model is built on the basis of feature selection and ensemble technique of Machine Learning. The virtual IoT sensor's environment generates a dataset by Distributed Smart Space Orchestration System (DS2OS), that is used for performing the experiments of attack detection by hyper-tuned Gradient Boosting ensemble algorithm. First, the feature selection process is applied for reducing the dimensions of the dataset, which enrich the environment for attacks and anomaly detection. After that, Gradient Boosting ensemble algorithm is applied with little hyperparameter tuning for getting the best results. Our model is outperformed for detecting the attacks on IoT sensor's environment and effectiveness of this model is measured in terms of Accuracy = 99.40%, Precision = 99%, Recall = 99%, F1-Score = 99%. whereas, the ROC-AUC curve and confusion matrix is also generated for predicting the efficiency of our ensemble model.


PDF 978-0-7766-2174-6 ePUB 978-0-7766-2173-9 $29.99 In 2013, the government abolished the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), which had been Canada's flagship foreign aid agency for decades, and transferred its functions to the newly renamed Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD). As the government is rethinking Canadian aid and its relationship with other foreign policy and commercial objectives, the time is ripe to rethink Canadian aid more broadly.


The purpose of the article is a linguistic-stylistic analysis of literary versions of two texts which are part of the so-called canon of central prayers: The Decalogue and Pater Noster. The author of poetic paraphrases of these prayers is Wincenty Byrski – an unknown writer from Podbeskidzie, who created his work at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The conducted analyses demonstrate to what extent the author remained faithful to the canonic shape of both texts as for the range of linguistic means of expression, as well as what kind of innovation he introduced in the area of inflection, syntax, and – above all – lexis and phraseology.


This study examined the effects of multitasking on persuasion, including comprehension andcounterarguingofpersuasivemessages,whichwerepresentedinthreedifferentcontexts: (a) nonmultitasking with full attention paid to the message, (b) multitasking with primary attention paid to the message, and (c) multitasking with secondary attention paid to the message. Consistent with predictions, the results suggested that multitasking reduced the actual and perceived levels of comprehension and also reduced counterarguing. The implications for research on persuasion are further discussed.


Vitamin D is an endogenous product of mammalian organisms from which an active agent of a steroid hormone nature is synthesized. These hormones participate in a variety of key metabolic processes in every nuclear cell, whether on endocrine, paracrine and autocrine or subcellular level. Vitamin D represents a very interesting molecule which participates in a great deal of body processes. This review summarizes the findings about the metabolism of vitamin D focusing on pathophysiology of malignant diseases.


Abstract The tidal stress formulation is used to investigate the dynamics generating and governing tidally induced meso-scale recirculations in wide coastal sea straits for an idealized barotropic tidal wave. Particular attention is paid to the Lagrangian aspects of the residual dynamics and we present a first-order estimate of the Lagrangian tidal stress field in terms of a quasi-Eulerian field. The strength of the Lagrangian tidal stress may be related in a simple expression to the gradient of the bottom friction strength and the area swept out by the principal tidal current ellipse. We apply the analysis to the rectification processes active over a strongly sloping escarpment within an idealized representation of a wide coastal sea strait. It is demonstrated that the residual circulation for each of the Eulerian, Stokes'and Lagrangian cases is essentially governed by forced quasigeostrophic dynamics with source term being the curl of the relevant tidal stress. When the spatial dimension of the source t...


Located along the southern coast of China, Hong Kong possesses a large number of buildings erected between the 17 and early 20 centuries in the style of Pearl River Delta vernacular architecture. These buildings come in different scales and of different building types. In a village, it is common to see large ancestral halls with a complicated timber structural system at one end of the scale as well as common houses with simple construction at the other end of the scale. There are also temples erected in locations away from the villages serving the fishing and merchant communities. Monumental architecture in traditional China followed a well defined modular system in determining sizing of structural members, spatial composition and constructional method. Was there a similar modular system adopted in vernacular buildings in Hong Kong? This paper seeks a structural understanding of the construction of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong by comparing between the building types, sites, and scales. It will suggest a system for analyzing the timber structural system and the construction of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong.


According to the basic principles of earned value analysis, combined with current advanced information technology, modeling of earned value analysis based on ERP business intelligence (BI) system is researched and discussed. The research provides a feasible train of thought for the realization of comprehensive project progress and cost control and refined management. It is possible to control the progress and cost precisely by using the advanced ERP information system and the work breakdown structure, and reduce the users' workload as much as possible.


The Exxon Research pressurized fluidized bed coal combustion pilot plant, known as the miniplant, has been in operation since 1974. Constructed under EPA contract, this facility operates at pressures to 10 atm, bed velocities to 10 ft/sec and temperatures to 1800 F. It can burn 400 lb of coal per hour and has operated for over 2500 test hours. Under a program sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, the Exxon pressurized fluidized bed coal combustion miniplant provided a test site and environment for the exposure of specimens of potential PFBCC fireside heat exchanger alloys and gas turbine materials. The intent of these PFBCC exposure tests is to compile a suitable engineering data base for the characterization of the corrosion/erosion behavior of a number of commercially available alloys when exposed to a pressurized fluidized bed coal combustion environment. These PFBCC exposures will provide corrosion/erosion data and comparisons of materials for application to advanced gas turbine/combined cycle type power systems using coal.Copyright © 1979 by ASME


Allergenic activity was reduced compared to the wild-type allergen, a method for producing derivatives of wild-type protein allergen PhI p 1, comprising: providing a wild-type protein allergen PhI p 1, at least 3 of the above wild-type protein allergen comprising the steps of fragmenting the one fragment, comprising at least a fragment of at least one T cell epitope of the three fragments the at least, the at least three fragments, or allergenic activity allergenic activity is reduced a step of fragmenting the fragments have lost, said at least three fragments, characterized in that it comprises a step of recombining in a different order than the fragments of the wild-type allergen.


The two fundamental functions of secondary education are integration and differentiation. The first has been served, to the extent, at least, that common content has been prescribed for all pupils in all the secondary schools of the land; the consensus-of-practice method of writing secondary-school courses of study has adequately-too adequately-taken care of that. One might well question the value of the content-even for the integrating function-but the present purpose is to discuss the deadening effect which such courses of study have on the attempt to differentiate the opportunities offered to the pupils.


Two ways of control have been implemented for the automatic room temperature regulation in the model room prototype. Simulink models were made based upon this type of control, and they were implemented and compared to the real measurements from the model room.
First and less complicated way is the ON-OFF control with a relay. The (more) advanced type of controller uses a continued regulation with a PID regulator. Advantages of using a PID regulator are that current room temperature deviates less from the referent temperature. There is also a lower energy consumption, and a faster response time to the conditions that were set in advance. The PWM signal controlled by the PID controller regulates the heater temperature continuously.
This project is made using Matlab program package and its tools - Identification Tool for the mathematical process model, PID Tuner was used for making the regulator, and the Arduino development platform was used for implementing the developed algorithms. The PCB's were designed with the Eagle application, and an AVR Atmel Atmega328P was the microcontroller embedded on the Arduino platform.


Four improved indica varieties adapted to high altitude regions namely K 39-2, IET 11988, Himdhan and IET 11990 were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate, sodium azide and gamma rays with the objective of determining the most efficient mutagen and most responsive genotype for induction of mutations affecting predominantly reproductive parts and their functioning in rice. Frequency and spectrum of mutations affecting floral traits computed on M1 plant progeny and M2 population basis revealed the combination of the efficient sodium azide and the most responsive variety IET 11990 to be ideal for recovering highest number of selectively male sterile mutations. Among three kinds of male steriles viz., typical abortive, sporogenous and deformed male sex types recovered, critical study of abortive type helped identify several temperature sensitive genic male steriles, two of which are being improved for commercial exploitation in two-line hybrid breeding.


A reducing the structural volume of the IC after encapsulation, to improve the heat dissipation and the transmission speed of the chip, to provide a compact was sealed structure of the chip to achieve even a reduction of the encapsulated cost. A chip 2 is bonded mounted on the lead frame 1 of a plurality of block-shaped pointer 11, to choose metal lead portion by installing a metal lead 3 having a respective electrical conductivity between the block-shaped pointer and the chip of the lead frame in by encapsulating, structural volume constitutes a compact molding, the molding 4 constitutes a seal in the bonding site, the pointer bottom has left Shirubese' surface of outer conductive. .The


Introduction: Herpes zoster of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve is a disease that often challenges oral and maxillo-facial surgeons and dentists trying to make the proper diagnosis


Obesity is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an experimental state of HCC can quickly be created by induction of  2-Nitropropane (2-NP). This causes an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. MnSOD is a first-line antioxidant that works by catalyzing the breakdown of two superoxide anion molecules (O 2 - ) to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and oxygen molecules (O 2 ), changing superoxide anions which initially had dangerous potential to become less dangerous. Moringa leaves are rich in polyflavonoids and polyphenols which are potent antioxidant and anticancer compounds. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Moringa leaves extract and infusion on MnSOD levels of obesity mice's liver induced by 2-NP. In the analysis of liver MnSOD levels after treatment, there was a significant decrease in MnSOD levels in mice's liver (p<0.05). MnSOD levels in the 2-NP induced group is higher than the group given Moringa leaves extract and infusion because MnSOD in this group has experienced an upregulation mechanism as a sign of abnormal cell growth, whereas in the group given Moringa leaves extract and infusion there is a slowing upregulation mechanism.


Hypertension and subclinical alterations of blood pressure (nondipper pattern) increase the risk of chronic diabetes complications. In spite of this risk, there are few studies that analyze this problem in type 1 diabetic patients. Because of this, we have made an exhaustive search about this item in bibliographic databases (PubMed, Ovid). Prevalence of hypertension and non-dipper pattern is different depending on the methodology and population characteristics (hypertension: 8-58%; non-dipper pattern: 1878%). Non-dipper pattern increases significantly the risk of microalbuminuria and retinopathy. Although there is evidence about the beneficial effect of a strict control of hypertension, at the moment we do not know exactly the beneficial effect of treating subclinical alterations of blood pressure in patient with values at normal range during standard measurement.