In order to improve environmental protection, save energy and raw materials, efforts in reduction of vehicle weight and consequently the strength increment of TRIP steel are urgently required. Application of the quenching-partitioning-tempering (Q-P-T) process, instead of the usual heat treatment for TRIP steel can raise the ultimate tensile strength to as high as above 2000 MPa and elongation above 10% but the required amount of retained austenite cannot be ensured. This article suggests preliminarily a unified technology combining Q-P-T process and plastic forming to TRIP steel that may exhibit not only markedly high mechanical properties, e. g., ultimate tensile strength of 1500 2000 MPa with 10%~15% elongation and contain suitable amount of retained austenite, through an optimum process determined according to the principle of phase transformation under stress, but also further energy saving as well as improve environmental protection.


From an institutional perspective and previous to the analysis of French legislation, this paper defines the conscience clause as a legal clause which is implicit in the contracting of work in the field of journalism. According to the clause, the economic effects of the cessation of the previously existing work relation in that field stemming from the unilateral will of the worker are equivalent to those that stem from the extinction of the relationship due to the will of the employer. This takes into account certain presuppositions which are typified by Law with reference to the conscience of the informer. From a historical perspective this notion belongs to the three stages which have been produced with regard to the juridical understanding of the realm of information: enterprisalistic, professionalistic and universalistic stages.
After these preliminary considerations, the author then analyses the juridical nature of the clause which -although it proceeds from a legal origin and has an application which is both necessary and identified within the informative labor relation- does not belong to the structural framework of a fictio iuris as is claimed by the majority of writers, but rather defines an intellectual and moral right in terms of the nexus between a particular cause and some juridical effects. That particular cause is the very conscience of the informer, the nexus is the professional ethos of the field of information (whose central duty is precisely that of informing), and the effects are more complex than those which arise with regard to simple compensation, since they have repercussions bearing upon the very efficacy of the right to information. The paper then concludes with the utilization of the ideas clearly expressed before, in order to intepret systematically the Spanish juridical framework as it applies to contracting in the field of information.


Software engineers have a responsibility to add sustainability as a consideration while developing a software system because of the critical role of software-intensive systems in society. When sustainability composed of strongly dependent sustainable development dimensions is considered, a possibility to have conflicting requirements cannot be avoided. A decision-making process for solving the conflict with sustainability consideration should have the capability to address multiple requirements and objectives. Unfortunately, there is an inadequate study on sustainability trade-offs assessment. One of the challenges in sustainability engineering is the abstractness and complexity nature of sustainability. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the impact of each decision in the sustainability dimension results in an unreliable outcome. By utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process, we propose a multi-criteria sustainability trade-offs analysis for the decision-making process. We aim to analyze the trade-offs between conflicting sustainability requirements based on the domain knowledge represented as quantified importance of stakeholders and domain-specific sustainability criteria. This approach helps to decide which alternative can remove the conflicts and minimize negatives impacts in the sustainability dimension.


Abstract Seismic measurements along a profile, which runs across an almost linear contact between Mesozoic greywackes and Upper Tertiary sediments exposed in the eastern foothills of the Tararua Range, have shown that the contact is a sedimentary contact.


Every year disasters take lives, cause significant damage, inhibit development and contribute to conflict and forced migration. Unfortunately, the trend is an upward one. In May 2017, policy-makers and disaster management experts from over 180 countries gathered in Cancun, Mexico, to discuss ways to counter this trend. In the middle of the Cancun summit, news arrived that large parts of Sri Lanka were devastated by floods and landslides, killing at least 150 and displacing almost half a million people. Email Twitter68 Facebook52 LinkedIn21 Print Every year disasters take lives, cause significant damage, inhibit development and contribute to conflict and forced migration. Unfortunately, the trend is an upward one. In May 2017, policy-makers and disaster management experts from over 180 countries gathered in Cancun, Mexico, to discuss ways to counter this trend. In the middle of the Cancun summit, news arrived that large parts of Sri Lanka were devastated by floods and landslides, killing at least 150 and displacing almost half a million people. It was a stark reminder of the summit participants' challenging task of paving the way towards reducing disaster losses "significantly" by the year 2030 based on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Adopted in 2015, the Sendai Framework outlines seven targets and four priorities for action to prevent new, and reduce existing, disaster risks to economic, physical, social, cultural, health or environmental assets and lives of persons, businesses, communities and countries. Since then, in China, a village in the Sichuan province has been devastated by a landslide and rescuers are still looking for missing people.


In terms of lifetime risk, one in three women will die of heart disease and one in six of stroke; in contrast, one in nine women will develop breast carcinoma, and only one in 25 will eventually die of it (1). It is, therefore, clear that a successful therapeutic intervention to improve death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), however modest, will have a disproportionately large benefit on women's health. Lipid-lowering drugs produce clear-cut benefits in the primary prevention of CHD (2). Although the population currently being evaluated is primarily male, the successful treatment strategy is invariably for 5–7 years. Duration of therapy is an important consideration for a successful intervention. Women have less heart disease than men up to the age of 50 years but catch up to men after menopause, so there has been a tendency to ascribe an elevated risk for women to a loss of sex steroids, notably estrogen. For 50 years, estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy (HRT)—i.e., a combination of estrogen and a progestin (to avoid a modest increase in endometrial cancer risk)—have been prescribed to protect against a number of diseases associated with advancing age. The evidence to support estrogen use for the prevention of osteoporosis is good; however, in the case of CHD, the benefit from estrogen was inferred from observational studies [reviewed in (3)]. It is now clear that observational studies are misleading and only randomized prospective clinical trials can provide evidence for or against the benefit of HRT without bias. High-risk women must be recruited to record a statistically valid result, with sufficient events in a short period. Long-term (5–10 years) therapy is also necessary to stop or reverse existing CHD pathology. This issue is extremely important, since only 40% of the women


Methods of transmission characteristics control for dielectric traveling wave resonator filters are proposed. Methods are based on using of filters metallic screens and absorption materials for design.


The rapid development of lighting technologies, which has been observed in recent decades, is definitely connected with the widespread introduction of LED light sources. At the same time, if in the early days the energy efficiency of LEDs was noted, now the use of certain spectral characteristics of such sources is on the agenda. At the same time, methods and means of photometry are expanding, in addition to photopic and scotopic, mesopic photometry is also developing. Lighting standards based on the photopic function of light efficiency do not fully cover visual perception. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the characteristics related to twilight photometry, which is considered in the paper. In fact, we are talking about a new lighting paradigm - a transition from the use of a single function of light efficiency - photopic, to a multifunctional one, when one or another function of light efficiency is used, which is dictated by a specific lighting task and at the same time is regulated by the corresponding light standards. Thanks to this methodology, it is possible to increase efficiency not by literally reducing power consumption, but by taking into account the spectral characteristics of light sources. If we also take into account the emergence of a new distribution - the response curve of melatonin suppression, which has become the basis of circadian photometry, then this approach will contribute to solving the current problem of human-centric lighting. It is important to regulate light sources according to the S/P factor in order to minimize the consumption of electrical energy and increase visual efficiency. The S/P ratio is a convenient and simple way of characterizing the spectral composition of the radiation provided by various light sources. It is the influence of any spectral distribution of brightness on mesopic photometric values that can be characterized by the S/P value. The ability to calculate the S/P factor for any light source, as well as to conduct a survey of widely distributed light sources, is very important.


The government is moving the NHS from being a provider to a purchaser of care by taking advantage of market forces (news april 25).


Many carbonate reservoirs are the result of cave-forming processes. The origin and recognition of fractures, breccias, and sediment fills associated with paleocaves were determined through the study of modern and paleocaves systems. Cave formation and destruction are the products of near-surface processes. Near-surface processes include solutional excavation, clastic and chemical sedimentation, and collapse of cave walls and ceilings. Cave sediment is derived from inside and/or outside the system. Depositional mechanisms include suspension, tractional, mass-flow and rock-fall. Collapse of ceilings and walls from chaotic breakdown breccias. These piles can be tens of meters thick and contain large voids and variable amounts of matrix. Cave-roof crackle breccia forms from stress-and tension-related fractures in cave-roof strata. As the cave-bearing strata subside into the subsurface, mechanical compaction increases and restructures the existing breccias and remaining cavities. Fracture porosity increases and breccia and vug porosity decreases. Large cavities collapse forming burial chaotic breakdown breccias. Differentially compacted strata over the collapsed chamber fracture and form burial cave-roof crackle breccias. Continued burial leads to more extensive mechanical compaction causing previously formed clasts to fracture and pack closer together. The resulting product is a rebrecciated chaotic breakdown breccia composed predominantly of small clasts. Rebrecciated blocks are often overprintedmore » by crackling. Subsurface paleocave systems commonly have a complex history with several episodes of fracturing and brecciation. The resulting collapsed-paleocave reservoir targets are not single collapsed passages of tens of feet across, but are homogenized collapsed-cave systems hundreds to several thousand feet across.« less


A key component of targeted drug delivery using liposome-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound is the ability to track these drug vehicles in real time to guide payload release locally. As a uniquely identifiable emission from microbubbles, the subharmonic signal is of interest for this purpose. Acoustic characterization of liposome-loaded microbubble populations confirmed the decreased pressure threshold for subharmonic emissions (50 kPa vs. 200 kPa for normal microbubbles). This study proved the feasibility of subharmonic plane wave imaging of liposome-loaded microbubbles with improved subharmonic sensitivity especially at depth compared to their counterpart of bare (unloaded) microbubbles.


We have recently demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-22, mainly produced by T-helper 17 effector cells, natural killer (NK)p44+NK cells and epithelial cells, may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).1 The IL-22/IL-22R pathway is known to play a role in the emergence of T and B-cell lymphoma2 ,3 and pSS is considered a risk factor for the development of lymphoma.4

Rituximab, which has historically been used for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma,5 has also been considered to be effective in the therapy of pSS.6

Ten consecutive patients with pSS (eight women and two men, with a mean duration of disease of 48±18 months), diagnosed according to the American–European Consensus Group criteria for pSS,7 who were treated with two courses of intravenous infusions of 1000 mg rituximab (Roche, Woerden, The Netherlands) at days 1 and 15, at baseline and then after 6 months, were considered for this study. After 48 weeks the patients again underwent salivary gland biopsy. The demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of …


A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol among final year general nursing and midwifery students at selected schools of nursing sciences Bengaluru. The objectives of the study were to: a) to assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol among general nursing and midwifery students..b) to assess the post-test level of knowledge regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol among final year general nursing and midwifery students c) to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol d) to determine the association between pre-test level of knowledge with selected socio – demographic variables. an evaluative approach was used with one group pretestposttest only design. non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. sample size was 50. the investigator assessed final year general nursing and midwifery student's knowledge using structured knowledge questionnaire regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol. after conducting the pre-test, structured teaching programme was introduced to the final year general nursing and midwifery students. post-test was conducted on seventh day using the same research tool. It is found that the calculated t value is greater than table value. There is significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of knowledge of final year general nursing and midwifery students. There is significant association between the pre-test knowledge scores and demographic variable source of information and there is no significant association between selected demographic variables like age, religion, family member with cancer and previous knowledge. The finding of the study suggests that structured teaching program is effective in increasing the knowledge offinal year general nursing and midwifery students regarding chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration protocol.


Abstract. Following the discovery of four cases of African human trypanosomiasis, an entomological survey was conducted along the Mouhoun river in southwest Burkina Faso to collect Glossina palpalis gambiensisand G.tachinoides.Among 226 flies dissected, 4.87% (eleven individuals) were infected in midgut or proboscis, but never in the salivary glands. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was undertaken, and was able to characterize all the proboscis infections, and half of the midgut infections. Only Trypanosoma simiaeand T. vivaxwere found in the organs of infected flies, in single or mixed‐species infections. Ten more flies, negative with parasitological examination, were tested with Trypanozoonprimers and remained negative. The epidemiological significance of the absence of T.bruceigroup infections in wild tsetse populations and the presence of T.simiaein G.p.gambiensisare discussed.


Image retrieval (IR) is one of the most exciting and fastest growing research domains in the field of multimedia technology. And in the industrial ecosystems, images of products, activities, marketing materials etc are needed to be managed and fetched in an efficient way to support and facilitate business processes. Current techniques for IR including keyword based, content based and ontology based image retrieval have several unsolved issues. We promote the ontology based IR approach and focus on two issues: firstly, the difficulty in constructing ontologies of images for those industries without ontology professionals, and, secondly, none of the existing approaches consider image content ranking in search results. In this paper, we propose a practical framework to tackle these issues by introducing an abstract image ontology that serves as a blueprint of image ontologies and by incorporating a concept instance ranking scheme to allow ranking of each of the contents expressed in images, thus providing extra information for IR process. An application scenario in the tourism industry area is also presented.


This paper aims a macro-level analysis of the phenomenon of over-education among young Romanian university graduates. The macro-level approach has its starting point in the growth of the graduate labor supply. Here we need to differentiate two acting models. One is the decision of the high school graduate to pursue a higher education. The other model is the decision of the leaders of higher education institutions regarding the numbers of new students accepted. The consequence of these two decision-models is the growing number of graduate labor supply. To explain the effects that the growing number of highly educated labor supply has on the job matching I use the neoclassical model (Freeman, 1975), filtering/signaling approaches (Arrow, 1973; Spence, 1973; Stiglitz, 1975), the job-competition model (Thurow, 1975) and the assignment theory (Rosen, 1978; Sattinger, 1993). Based on the analysis – accepting Boudon's statement (cited by D. Horvath, 1991) – it can be concluded that the equalization of inequalities in accessing higher education does not solve the problem of social or economical inequity, it only pushes it to a higher level. If more and more people take individual decisions to pursue higher education, such decisions may have unwanted side effects – so-called perverse effects – such as over-education and/or graduate unemployment.


The papers carry out theory analysis and empirical study on economics efficiency,scale efficiency,market structure,market performance and the relationship among the structure,efficiency and performance based on the banking data from 2003 to 2006 in our banking industry.The result is that the economics efficiency and the scale efficiency are improving;the market structure situation has greatly improved;the competition is becoming fiercer and the performance has notable advanced in our country banking industry.But on the banking relationship theory among the structure,efficiency and performance the SCP hypothesis,RMP hypothesis,ESX hypothesis and ESS hypothesis are unsuitable to our country banking industry.


Provided are a full light path aberration correction system and a full light path aberration correction method based on double Hartmann sensors. The correction system comprises an efficient laser, a wavefront corrector, a spectroscope, a optical quality evaluation system, an inner light path Hartmann sensor, a first Hartmann sensor, a second Hartmann sensor, a data combining assembly and a high voltage amplifier. The correction method based on the correction system uses two Hartmann sensors to simultaneously measure reflection and transmission aberration of the spectroscope and uses a data combining method not relying on response arrays to transmit aberration of the spectroscope to the inner light path Hartmann sensor to control the wavefront corrector to correct the full light path aberration. The full light path aberration correction system and the full light path aberration correction method based on double Hartmann sensors has the advantages of being simple in principle, convenient to achieve, capable of resolving the problem of limit of component structure process in the prior art, capable of improving data combing rate between multiple sensors and capable of effectively promoting outlet light beam quality of the efficient laser system.


Objective: To study the effect of folic acid and compound vitamin B (VitB) on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and in patients with stroke. Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients with stroke were randomly assigned to folic acid and compound Vit B intervention group (n=67) and routine therapy group (control, n=67). The plasma levels of Hcy, D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (FIB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured to observe intervention effects at admission and discharge. After 12-month follow-up, all patients were evaluated by the stroke impairment assessment method (SIAS) to determine the progno sis. Results: After adding the folic acid and compound Vit B, the level of plasma Hcy was significantly lower in both groups [(13.59±3.84) μmol/L and (14.78±4.32) μmol/L] than that before the treatment (P 0.05). Levels of D-D, TC, TG, LDL-C and FIB reduced significantly in intervention group, and the therapeutic effect was significantly better in the intervention group than that in control group (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The rate of stroke recurrence was significantly lower in intervention group (22.4%) than that of control group (44.1%, P = 0.021). The SIAS score was significantly higher in intervention group (20.72±2.33) than that of control group (12.70±1.77, P 0.01). Conclusion: Folic acid and compound Vit B can reduce the plasma Hcy level, which plays a key role to prevent and treat for stroke.


The wireless power transfer (WPT) system via coupled magnetic resonance (CMR) is an efficient and practical power transmission technology that can realize medium- and long-distance power transmission. People's requirements for the flexibility of charging equipment are becoming increasingly prominent. How to get rid of the "flitch plate type" wireless charging method and enhance the anti-offset performance is the main research direction. Directional characteristics of the system can affect the load receive power and system efficiency in practical applications. In this paper, the power and efficiency of the WPT system via CMR were analyzed according to the principle of near-field strong coupling at first. The expression of the mutual inductance between the transmitting and the receiving coils under angular offset was derived from the perspective of the mathematical model, and the influences of angular deviation were analyzed. Second, simulation models were established under different distance between coils, different coil types, and different coil radius ratios in symmetrical and asymmetrical systems. Afterwards, the directional law was obtained, providing reference for the optimal design of coupling coils. Finally, an experimental system was built, and directional characteristic experiments were carried out under different conditions. Experimental results were consistent with simulation results, which verified the theoretical analysis.


Use of tame animals, particularly mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), in food habits studies has become a widely used technique. Major advantages include the opportunity to identify forage species and plant parts eaten and better control of experimental design (Wallmo and Neff 1970). The main disadvantage is the unquantified relationship between tame and wild ungulate forage choices. Evidence supporting correlation between them is mostly empirical, based on observations of the 2 feeding together or separately on the same or similar areas (Buechner 1950, McMahan 1964, Healy 1967, Neff 1967, Arthur 1977). However, Markgren (1966) reported tame moose (Alces alces) calves ate little juniper (Juniperus sp.), an important winter food for wild moose, and Neff (1974) conceded that winter stress conditions could force wild deer to eat some forages not readily acceptable to tame deer. From a quantitative assessment of tame deer performance, Regelin et al. (1976) concluded artificial feed had little effect on selection of major forage species by tame mule deer fawns on a pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) range during fall. Since forage availability is much greater during fall than winter, it was desirable to expand evaluations to include critical midand latewinter periods. The study objective was to determine if forage selections by tame deer maintained on artificial feed in a pen environment are similar to those of tame deer subsisting on native forage on pinyon-juniper range during winter. STUDY AREA AND METHODS


Objective: To identify the environmental factors essential for infection control in senior-living facilities. Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are more likely to be infected and develop serious outcomes than young people. Worldwide, senior-living facilities face a battle to protect their residents. Compared with age-related declines, the built environment is more modifiable and can be used for infection control. Methods: This research conducted content analysis of the guidelines on COVID-19 control issued by the State Council of China in February 2020 for senior-living facilities. Six senior-living facility managers in China were interviewed and shared their experiences using these guidelines. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to identify the essential environmental factors for infection control. Results: Environmental factors suggested in the guidelines were analyzed for three groups of infection-control strategies: keep COVID-19 from entering the facility, prevent COVID-19 spread in the facility, and manage infection and illness. Key topics of experience using the guidelines were identified, including residents' needs for social interaction and the difficulties of providing dedicated air-conditioning and circulation systems. Based on these analyses, from the perspective of environmental design, environmental factors essential for COVID-19 control in senior-living facilities were summarized at the site, building, and room levels. Conclusion: Proper planning and design of the built environment promote strategies for infection control in senior-living facilities. Findings can be used to guide the new design, renovation, and modification of senior-living facilities for COVID-19 control and future public health emergencies.


The pseudopotential method within the local density approximation is used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the most covalent of the III-V semiconductors, BAs. Results are given for the bulk modulus, lattice constant, cohesive energy and frequency of the TO phonon mode at Gamma . The electronic band structure and charge density are also discussed and shown to have features that differ from those of the other III-V compounds. In particular there is evidence for a reversal of the usual charge transfer between cation and anion.


[1] The effects of exopolymers on the particle size distributions (PSDs) of suspended cohesive sediments were investigated in laboratory using four abundant clay minerals, kaolinite, illite, Na-montmorillonite, and Ca-montmorillonite, and two exopolymers, xanthan and guar, at six different exopolymer to clay ratios (E/C; i.e., 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 wt %) to represent the compositional variability of cohesive sediments in natural waters. Results show that the clay-exopolymer suspensions possess multimodal PSD. Statistical deconvolution of the PSD curves indicates that the suspensions consist of four discrete particle groups, primary particles, flocculi, microflocs, and macroflocs, all of which exhibit a unimodal lognormal distribution. Furthermore, such deconvolution quantifies the mean size and fraction of each particle group, leading to a more quantitative understanding of PSD kinetics of these sediments. Both clay surface charges and exopolymer polarity as well as the E/C affect the PSD kinetics. While neutral guar causes flocculation for all four clay minerals, anionic xanthan only induces flocculation for kaolinite with very low surface charges, but not for the other three clay minerals with relatively high charges. The fraction of each particle group also varies with the E/C, and such complex changes depend upon the interfacial interactions between clay particles and exopolymer molecules. For each exopolymer, critical E/C exists that can lead to a maximum or minimum fraction of microflocs or macroflocs. The role of exopolymer bridging, Coulomb force, and hydrogen bond in affecting the PSD kinetics of cohesive sediments is also discussed.


BackgroundHopeful future expectations have been linked to positive developmental outcomes in adolescence; however, the association between future expectations and bullying perpetration has received less attention. ObjectivesWe examined the relationship between future expectations and physical and relational bullying perpetration and tested a mediation model that linked future expectations with bullying through attitude toward violence. MethodsStructural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between future expectations and bullying perpetration (relational and physical) and to test whether these relationships were mediated by attitude toward violence in a sample of U.S. seventh-grade students (Mage = 12.86 years, N = 196, 60% female, 46% African American). ResultsAttitude toward violence fully mediated the relationship between future expectations and physical bullying (indirect effects = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.01], R2 = .17). The relationship between future expectations and relational bullying was partially mediated by attitudes toward violence (indirect effects = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.002], R2 = .20). DiscussionOur findings suggest that future expectations can play a role in reducing attitude toward violence and physical and relational bullying perpetration among youth. Interventions that help support the development of future goals and aspirations could play a vital role in bullying prevention efforts.


The Jiangyin Yangtze Bridge is the earliest larger suspended steel structure bridge over 1 000 meters span.The main cable leaks when it operates,the administration bureau repainted the main cable with slur-rubble way and solved the problems.So as to provides experience and reference for anti-corruption of suspended bridge main cable system.


In order to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic cells,it is necessary to track the maximum power point of photovoltaic array.Aiming at shortages of traditional PSO algorithm for multi-objective optimization,multi-objective PSO algorithm based on minimal particle angles is proposed.The global optimal particle is updated by comparison of angles among different particles in objective space.The method of updating local optimal particle and swarm is presented based on comparison of particle densities.The maximum power point tracking method is established and simulated with Matlab/Simulink.Simulation results show that the algorithm can rapidly and accurately track the maximum power point when the external environment changes and it ensures the stability of PV system.


Signal-to-noise enhancement is achieved by use of a time-variant superconductive filter. The photodielectric effect of a semiconductor within the high-Q superconductive cavity acts as the perturbing mechanism which allows the narrow-band cavity to track the instantaneous signal modulation.


A guide to library and web resources relevant to the study of Theatre Arts. Free or low-cost software for useful for the study of music


Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Master of Health Sciences (Nursing), Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.


Using a transient calorimetric technique, the total hemispherical emissivities ∈h of very pure copper, aluminum, and silver have been measured at various temperatures in the range 335-1100°K. By carrying out measurements on a sphere, a thin circular disk, and a thin square plate all made of the same copper sample, it is shown that the measured ∈h is practically independent of the shape of the specimen. Measured ∈h values of Cu, Al, and Ag show considerable departure from the theoretical predictions of Davisson and Weeks and the data of previous investigators. ∈h data are presented in tabular form at 20°K intervals for all three materials in the range 400-1000°K.


In view of the existence of quite a few house cracks in villages and periphery of the surveyed area,the authors tried to find out whether there exists a goaf and whether the cracks are caused by the goaf.Data obtained by transient electromagnetic method were used in combination with geological and digging conditions of the mining district to infer the influence range of the goaf.It is held that the cracks in houses in villages and periphery are caused mainly by the goaf.


Objective To explore a better bowel preparation method for intravenous pyelography(IVP).Method 128 patients who were undergoing IVP test were randomly divided into two groups: one group of 64 patients being given oral polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder before IVP test,while the other group of 64 patients being given oral mannitol for bowel preparation.Result Both methods were effective for bowel cleaning,however,the method of polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder was more simple with less side-reaction.The difference was statistically significant comparing with the method of orally mannitol(P0.01).Conclusion Polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder is an effective,safe,rapid and acceptive drug to patients for bowel preparation.


Tin mining activities carried out in parts of plateau state from the beginning of this century have left behind a post mining environment scarred by numerous mine pond and uncontrolled heaps of mine. This has devastated vast portions of its land mass. Tin mining and processing constitute a source of environmental pollution due to its associated minerals which pose harmful threats in low concentration to humans and animals. The samples used for this researched work was collected from Kapang, Selebirom and Sabon Angwa all in Dorowa District mining area of Barkin Ladi, Nigeria. The experiment was designed to ascertain the concentration of some heavy metals Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn. in soil used for cultivation of vegetable. The samples were analyse using EDX3600B-Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer, Jiangsu Skyray information Technology Co. Ltd. The result obtained shows the range of concentrations of heavy metals in the soil as: Cr 50.00±0.02 to 16.20±0.43mg/kg, Co 902.70±0.14 to 125.20±0.21mg/kg, Ni 79.20±0.31 to 70.01±0.12mg/kg, Pb 67.10±0.23 to 10.10±0.02mg/kg, Zn 2080.00±0.67 to 1244.50±0.45mg/kg, Mn 145.40±0.11 to 53.10±0.01mg/kg, Cu 65.70±0.08 to 54.30±0.23mg/kg respectively. The result shows that the soil are contaminated with the heavy metals. Thus, the soil around the area will not be good for the cultivation of crops and vegetables. Keywards: heavy metals, soils, vegetables, ED-xrf. INTRODUCTION Barkin Ladi Local Govt. Area of Plateau State, Nigeria, is located in the northern senatorial district of the state. It is known for the mining of Tin and columbite. Tin mining has devastated vast portions of its land mass. This is evident by the presence of mounds and ponds scattered all over the local government (Daniel et al, 2014). Tin mining and processing constitute a source of environmental pollution due to its associated minerals which pose harmful threats in low concentration to humans and animals (oresegun and Babalola, 1993). Soil is unconsolidated minerals and organic material found on the immediate earth surface that serves as a natural medium for plants growth and other developmental activities (Haliru et al, 2014). Soil is composed of mineral constituents, organic matter (humus), living organisms, air, and water, and it regulates the natural cycles of these components (Keesstra et al 2012 and Keesstra, et al 2016). Heavy metals are hazardous contaminants in food and the environment and they are nonATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE); Vol. 7(1), March, 2019 ISSN: 2277-0011 Shibdawa, A. M., Lubis, S. Adamu, H. & Ibejekwe, S. J. Copyright © 2019 JOSTE. All Rights Reserved (www.atbuftejoste.com) 302 biodegradable having long biological half-lives (Heidarieh et al 2013). The implications associated with metal (embracing metalloids) contamination are of great concern, particularly in agricultural production systems (Kachenko and Singh, 2006) due to their increasing trends in human foods and the environment. Environmental contamination by heavy metals has become a worldwide problem during recent years due to the fact that heavy metals unlike some other pollutants are not biodegradable (Bazrafshan et al, 2015). Consequently, they are not detoxified but are bio accumulated in the environment. Heavy metals are released into the environment through man's industrial, domestic and commercial activities, industrial effluents, pesticides and fungicides as well as manure from poultry farms (Ukpong, et al, 2013). Soil pollution by heavy metals has serious health implication especially with regards to crops/vegetables grown on such soils (Steffana, et al 2017). Heavy metals occupy a special position in soil chemistry because they play very important physiological roles in nature (Akpoveta,et al, 2010). Generally, topsoil layer contain the largest amount of pollutants. The contaminant concentration in soil mainly depends on the adsorption properties of soil matter. The solubility of heavy metal ions in soil is mainly influence by many factors such as pH, conductivity, moisture content. (Rakesh, and Raju, 2013). As a result of increasing anthropogenic activities, heavy metals pollution of soil, water, and atmosphere represents a growing environmental problem affecting food quality and human health. Heavy metals may enter the food chain as a result of their uptake by edible plants (Shaapera, et al 2013). This research work is therefore aim at the determination of heavy metals, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu. in soil around three different tin mining areas of Kapang, selebirom and Sabon angwa all of dorowa district of Barkin Ladi Local govt Area of Plateau State. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials that were used for the research work are: EDX3600B-Energy Dispersive Xray Fluorescence spectrometer, Jiangsu Skyray information Technology Co. Ltd. China. Oven Galle ham England. Hanna pH 209 and Conductivity meter, Beakers, Mortar and Pestle. The sampling was done in Dorowa, a village in BarkinLadi Local Government area of plateau state located on Latitude 9.5333 and Longitude 8.9000 where localize tin mining activity is presently ongoing, soil from Kapang, Selebirom and Sabon angwa were collected. At each sampling point, about 0.5kg of the Soil sample was collected from between 020cm from the surface of the soil, using soil auger at a distance of 1m away from each other, and within an area of one square meter. The composite samples collected from the sampling area, were put into polythene bags and then transported to the Laboratory for further treatment. The pH measurement of the sample was determined with Hanna pH meter 209 using the method describes by Kumar et al. (2008). Where 20g of the dried sampled was weighed and transferred into a 20cm 3 of distilled water in a 50cm3 beaker. The mixture was stirred with a glass rod and allowed to stand for 30mins. A pre calibrated HANNA pH meter electrode was then inserted into the solution and the pH was then recorded. The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured using the modified method of Kumar et al. (2008) were 25.00g of the dried sample was placed in a 250cm3 beaker. Distilled water was added slowly drop by drop on the soil sample until it appeared wet. A stirrer was used to homogeneous the soil paste. 50cm3 of distilled water was added to the beaker, covered with a ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE); Vol. 7(1), March, 2019 ISSN: 2277-0011 Shibdawa, A. M., Lubis, S. Adamu, H. & Ibejekwe, S. J. Copyright © 2019 JOSTE. All Rights Reserved (www.atbuftejoste.com) 303 petri-dish and the mixture shaken for 1hr. 40cm3 of the extract was transferred into 100cm3 beaker. The electrode of the conductivity meter was inserted into the solution to measure the electrical conductivity in μS/cm The use of ED-XRF was employed in the analysis of the solid samples ED-XRF spectrometry is an elemental analysis technique with broad application in science and industry. XRF is based on the principle that individual atoms, when excited by an external energy source, emit x-ray photons of characteristics energy or wave length. By counting the number of photons of each energy emitted from a sample, the elements present may be identified and quantitated. Fig 1: Map of Barkin Ladi Showing Location of the Sampling Area RESULT Table 1: pH and Electrical Conductivity value obtained for soil sampled in mining ponds of Dorowa district of Barkin Ladi LGA Area pH Conductivity (μS/cm) K 2.57 1342 S 6.24 12.42 SA 5.10 20.90 Control 6.60 2.80 ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE); Vol. 7(1), March, 2019 ISSN: 2277-0011 Shibdawa, A. M., Lubis, S. Adamu, H. & Ibejekwe, S. J. Copyright © 2019 JOSTE. All Rights Reserved (www.atbuftejoste.com) 304 Table 2: The result of some heavy metals concentration in Soil around Dorowa District of Barkin Ladi Local Govt. using XRFspectrometer (mg/kg) Metal K S SA C Max. safe limit in soil (FAO/WHO,2001) Cr 50.00±0.20 40.011±0.11 16.2±0.43 0.05±0.01 60 Co 902.70±0.14 125.20±0.21 397.60±0.17 0.03±0.00 50 Ni 79.20±0.31 70.01±0.12 76.10±0.11 ND 40 Pb 27.10±0.14 10.10±0.02 67.10±0.23 0.12±0.01 100 Zn 1693.10±0.18 1244.50±0.45 2080.00±0.67 2.50±0.12 100 Mn 145.40±0.11 78.4±0.22 53.10±0.01 18.32±0.17 2000 Cu 65.70±0.08 54.30±0.23 61.40±0.06 2.55±0.05 100 n=3 Key: K= Kapang, S= Selebirom, SA= Sabon angwa C= control pH pH is an important factor that influences the bioavailability and transport of heavy metals in soil. The mobility of heavy metals decreases as soil pH increases because hydroxides and carbonates are precipitated or insoluble organic complexes are formed (Archer, 1987). Electrical conductivity is a factor that gives an indication on the amount of dissolve mineral in the soil. Table 1, Summarizes the pH of Soil in k, S, SA and C as 2.57, 6.24, 5.10and 6.60 respectively. All the pH are weakly acidic, except for k which is more acidic. This is a strong indication that the heavy metals in the soil of k may be bioavailable. Cobalt The result in table 2, reveals that the concentrations of Co, range from 902.70±0.14mg/kg, to 125.20±0.21mg/kg. The maximum value was recorded in k, with the lowest in S, respectively. The levels of Cobalt in this study in all the sampling sites were higher than Ewers, (1991), and Akpoveta et al, (2010). The recommended limit of Co in soil is 50mg/kg. Anthropogenic or wide application of pesticides and fertilizer may contribute to the increase in availability of Co in the soil, Ewers, (1991). Nickel is a poisonous heavy metal. The concentration of Nickel in the soil range from 79.20±0.31 mg/kg to 70.01±0.12 mg/kg table 2, these values are higher compared to those reported by Daniel, et al (2014) and Akpoveta, et al, (2010). According to Rana (2006), in Alshaebi et al (2009), Ni contaminates the soil when the concentration of Ni is higher than 40mg/kg. This result shows that the soil is contaminated by Ni. According to Yaron (1996) in Alshaebi et al (2009), it is mentions that


The culture of Huizhou which symbolizes unique advantages of Anhui local culture should be further exploited and utilized.Based on the advantages of abundant storage of cultural resources of Huizhou,technical equipment and talented experts specializing in the culture of Huizhou in the library of Anhui University,the author of this article holds that it is necessary to exploit and utilize the cultural resource of Huizhou,and presents a train of thought to develop Chinese cultural heritage,in order to build socialist advanced culture,and promote the development of culture of Anhui in the service of the economic construction of Anhui Province.


In order to adapt to the economic development in the country and the need to geographic study,National Administration of Surveying,Mapping and Geoinformation will carry out the third-time measurement for the first order leveling network.It presents the third-time network measurement research,the engineering design goal,and the application of techniques and measures.


While the manipulation of wave polarization is commonplace in electromagnetism, the physical means to do so in homogeneous elastic media used to remain an open question. Here, we report the concept of micro-structured surfaces with inner resonance in the field of elastodynamics. Such a metasurface can tune the boundary conditions at specific frequencies and achieve the depolarization of mechanical waves without introducing heterogeneities in the medium itself. The principle relies on the anisotropic behaviour of an array of resonators with deep-subwavelength spacing: The localization of Bragg interferences in a boundary layer enables to homogenize the resonant array into an unconventional surface impedance, the frequency-dependence and anisotropy of which lead to depolarization. The concept of elastodynamic metasurfaces is put into practice experimentally and results bear testament to its efficacy and robustness to control the polarization of reflected waves. Such metasurfaces are easily realized, analytically predictable, and very adjustable, opening new possibilities in vibration control and tomography techniques, from nano- to geophysical scale.


Synopsis : The powder-gas 2 phases flow experiment using parallel packed beds was carried out in order to quantitatively analyze the powder movement and the accumulation in the lower part of blast furnace, and powder penetration to the deadman. The powder mass velocity and powder hold-up are strongly influenced by the gas velocity, the powder diameter and the injection amount. Especially, in the low gas velocity condition, the powder mass velocity decreases and powder hold --up increases . Powder accumulation is so much in the coke powder of the larger diameter, rather than the pulverized coal. The new equation of motion concerning the powder movement was derived. Which is taken into account of the friction as a interaction force between powder and coke. Furthermore, new numerical equation which can estimate powder hold-up under the blast furnace operating conditions was proposed.


The invention provides a steel wire rope antiskid device used for a horizontal type tension tester clamp. The device comprises a base plate, fastening screws, slide blocks, bolts, a pressing plate and nuts. In a steel wire rope tension test, after the tester clamp clamps a steel wire rope, the rear segment of the steel wire rope is placed in a wave-shaped shallow groove in the clamping face of the base plate, the nuts are screwed up, after being clamped by the pressing plate, the steel wire rope moves the two arc-shaped slide blocks in a T-shaped groove, the steel wire rope is clamped once again through netted wave surfaces of the slide blocks, and the fastening screws are used for fixing the slide blocks to the base plate. By means of the device, the phenomenon that a steel wire rope skids due to the fact that the tensile force is excessively large or the steel wire rope is comparatively thin can be avoided, normal operation of the test is guaranteed, and test precision is improved.


The architecture profession is moving rapidly toward a wholesale research-driven design model of practice, one not peppered with moments of brilliant discovery but saturated with widespread streams of rigorous evidence-based insights. It is a transition now widely acknowledged by firms of all sizes, in all design specialties, all over the world, forever a part of the design landscape at all scales and for all people. Some practitioners and academics see this and understand it, but more need to. Professional sea changes do not present themselves to every generation of practitioners, so for this generation, it is a reality, a privilege, and a tremendous responsibility.


Software needs to deliver acceptable levels of quality, whilst meeting the functional demands of users. This need is gaining more consideration in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and multi-tenant software. This study investigated the effect of software customization on external quality attributes via four pertinent primary studies, which were summarized, aggregated, discussed and presented through a systematic literature review. The primary studies in this review were chosen through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria to applicable articles published during the period 2000-2016; they were analysed using research questions that focused on software customization, software quality attributes and measures, approaches, and impact results. The results revealed that each primary study had been applied in the context of ERP and demonstrated that different types of customizations can have various effects on particular quality attributes. Accordingly, further research is needed to determine the impact of customization on each external quality attribute.


Based on risk evaluation techniques for network security,this paper establishes evaluation criteria system of risk evaluation on network security by Delphi method,and constructs an analytical hierarchy process(AHP) model for risk evaluation on network security.Based on this evaluation model,a software of comprehensive evaluation system is developed.Using this software the risk of a university network security is evaluated.The investigation results show that this model can be used in a comprehensive evaluation of network security risk levels effectively.


Many countries have similar technical and architectural issues linked to solar energy integration in isolated mountain dwellings nowadays. In order to promote energy policies able to improve the solar energy potential use, it is necessary to set up multi-criteria approaches for producing improved diagnostic analysis. This study, conducted in eight mountain huts located in the Beaufortain region, in French Alps, shows the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Even if analysis criteria can be easily identified, the search for data allowing an accurate assessment is often difficult for isolated mountain dwellings. The results of this original study show the importance of multi-criteria analysis for technical and architectural issues linked to solar energy integration in isolated mountain dwellings by taking into account their natural environment, the elements of their bioclimatic architecture, their solar production conditions and their energy needs.


Seedlings of Sinapis alba L. species (white/yellow mustard) were grown in nutrient solution containing different concentrations 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg Cu for 10 days. Seedlings were measured and weighed at the end of the experiment. Leaf pigment concentration (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids), tissular copper concentration and Biological Accumulation Coefficients (BAC) were determined. Copper content in Sinapis alba L. tissues reached 74.54 171.20 mg/kg dry mass, with highest values at high ambient concentration. BAC reached 1.49 at 50 mg/kg and was subunitary at higher concentrations, between 0.75 0.34. Shoot length and biomass emphasize a significant decrease at high ambient copper levels, while photosynthetic pigment concentrations did not decrease. These results indicate a limited tolerance of white mustard to high copper concentrations and a limited bioaccumulation potential of this metal.


Past researches have showed that the Rb-Sr isochron ages of felsic end member for "rhyolite-basalt" bimodal volcanic rocks of Yutian Group in the Changpu and Longnan Basin in Southern Jiangxi Province are 175 ~ 148 Ma,not only does its amplitude change more significantly,but it does not match with the Rb-Sr isochron ages ( 179 ~173 Ma) of basic end member. As a result,I choose a method of zircon U-Pb dating with a higher accuracy,to obtain the rhyolite in the bottom of bimodal volcanic rocks in the Changpu Basin and the dacite in the top of of bimodal volcanic rocks in the Longnan Basin,whose zircon SHIRMP U-Pb age are respectively ( 195. 2 ± 2. 8) Ma and ( 191 ±1. 7) Ma. What's more,they are both almost the same in the error limit. It shows that the bimodal volcanic rocks in these both two basins are the product of the same session of magma movement. Simultaneously,it explains they form in a flash during the eruption intervals. According to the the newest International Stratigraphic Chart ( Gradsrein et al. ,2004) ,in terms of geological age,the bimodal volcanic rocks in Changpu Basin and Longnan Basin,belonging to the early Early Jurassic. The zircon SHIRMP U-Pb age are distinctly older than the whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age,it is probably because of the deviation of the dating method for the wholerock Rb-Sr isochron age. The zircon SHIRMP U-Pb age of bimodal volcanic rocks are 191 ~ 195 Ma in Southern Jiangxi Province,which indicates that there had been an extensional environment. And after the bimodal volcanic activity,The zircon SHIRMP U-Pb age of felsic volcanic rocks are 145 ~130 Ma. Both of the ages shows a as long as 45 Ma quiet period between 190 Ma and 145 Ma. It is unreasonable possible to interpreted by the single pattern of pacific plate subducting to eurasian plate.


The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Science Foundation № 16-18-10083
"The Study of Religion in Social and Cultural Context of the Epoch: the History of Religious Studies and
Intellectual History of Russia in 19th — first half of 20th century".


AbstractWith the increasing societal interest in climate change, health, accessibility, and liveability and subsequent policy aims to promote active transport modes over car usage, many scholars have investigated the relationship between weather and cycling. Existing studies, however, hardly address the effects of weather on cycling durations and often lack assessments of the combined effects of different meteorological variables and potential nonlinearity of these effects. Drawing on travel diary data from a panel study of 945 Greater Rotterdam respondents (the Netherlands), this paper investigates and compares the effects of different meteorological variables, singly as well as combined, on cycling frequencies, cycling durations, and the exchange between cycling and other transport modes. Results show linear negative effects of precipitation sum and wind speed and nonlinear bell-shaped effects of thermal variables on cycling and opposite effects on car usage. Out of three thermal variables investigated,...


vendor-independent networking paradigm enabling operators to improve network efficiency, optimize application performance and respond quickly to new service requests. SDN enables network administrators to create many virtual networks with traffic isolation to support a distributed multi-tenant cloud infrastructure, without having to worry about the underlying physical network. Overview Software-defined Networking (SDN)


In a superconducting accelerator, an FPGA-based low-level RF system is adopted and a digital feedback control system is utilized to satisfy the requirement of stability in the accelerating field. A digital low-level RF system using multi-intermediate frequencies has been developed and the stability of the feedback operation is estimated using a cavity simulator based on an FPGA board. In this study, the RF system is examined and the results of estimations that are obtained using the cavity simulator are reported.


At the Lisbon Summit in November 2010, NATO leaders adopted a new Strategic Concept (SC) in order to provide the Alliance with strategic guidance over the next decade. The goal of this essay is to identify and examine the gaps between SC statements, goals, and plans and the military capabilities of NATO members concerning today's environment of defense budget cutting. In particular, this article will focus on military roles and capabilities for tackling issues such as terrorism, cyber attacks, and energy security, which as non-military threats require a more comprehensive approach. The Strategic Concept is an official and comprehensive policy document that outlines NATO's enduring purpose, nature, and the fundamental security tasks of the Alliance. It characterizes the central features of the new security environment, specifies the elements of the Alliance's approach to security, and provides guidelines for the further adaptation of its military forces in order to address new challenges. The new SC is concise, concrete, and public, and its broader purpose is to explain the Alliance's political objectives and vision for the future decade. NATO's Security Concepts are documents intended to give political guidance on NATO's role, missions, and objectives. These SCs are accompanied by documents prepared by the Alliance's Military Committee (AMC) on the military assets, capabilities, and structures necessary for carrying out the strategic objectives identified by the political authorities of the Alliance, as represented by the North Atlantic Council (NAC). According to the previous two explanations, the ―Strategic Concept‖ can be defined as a ―grand strategy‖ document in terms of political and military guidance for


If automated guideway transit is to become a significant alternative transit mode, it must foremost be cost effective compared with alternatives. It must also be safe, reliable, environmentally acceptable, and energy efficient. Based on a series of systems analysis arguments, the paper summarizes how the basic characteristics of an AGT system of maximum cost effectiveness can be derived. But the main objective of the paper is to consider the application of such a system to a central city together with its primary and secondary impacts. The process of implementation of a cost-effective AGT system is considered.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) was originally identified as an ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein (ARF-GAP) that binds G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and regulates membrane trafficking ([Premont et al., 1998][1]). Subsequent studies have


Managers of primate colonies seek to record colony data in a systematic way which will be helpful in daily management. Each colony develops individual record systems, tailored to its specific operations and budget. These diversified systems provide the base for a set of uniform record items, which enables information to be shared among institutions, and used for the overall management of a self‐sustaining captive primate population, as well as for national planning of primate resources.


We examine the splice loss occurring along a multimode fiber regenerator span and compare the results to a "standard" laboratory test condition. Large variations in the splice loss sensitivity to transverse offset of a "reference" splice were seen 1) at the ends of 5 different 8.9-km fiber concatenations and 2) at various locations along one 8.9-km path. These data indicate that significant variations in the modal power distribution exist even at the receiver end of a regenerator span. This is explained by the long coupling lengths (long compared to splice spacing) of low loss fibers and the random amount of mode coupling introduced by the concatenation splices. Splice loss measurements made with an "overfilled" launch condition and a 3-turn 20-mm mandrel wrap mode filter (commonly used in fiber loss measurements) accurately approximated the average splice loss sensitivity along the span for offsets less than 4 μm. i.e., losses less than 0.2 dB. For offsets greater than 4 μm, the mandrel wrap mode filter configuration yields a pessimistic estimate, but is within 30 percent of the average "system" loss for most cases of interest. This demonstrates the usefulness of the mode filter in establishing splice measurement conditions that yield results representative of those seen in a regenerator span.


This paper reports about results collected during the development of a scalable Information Retrieval system for near real-time analytics on social networks. More precisely, we present the end-user functionalities provided by the system, we introduce the main architectural components, and we report about performances of our multi-threaded implementation. Since sentiment analysis functionalities are based on techniques for estimating document category proportions, we report about a comparative experimentation aimed to analyse the effectiveness of such techniques.


To investigate the behavior of a response y over a specified region of interest by fitting a secondorder response surface, standard ridge analysis provides a way of following the locus of, for example, a maximum response, moving outward from the origin of the predictor variable space. Because this approach does not require one to view the fitted regression surface as a whole, this important technique may be applied even when visualization of the surface is difficult in several dimensions. The ridge trace view enables practitioners to assess and understand the typically complex interplay between the input variables as the response improves. To explore a subspace defined by a linear restriction on the predictors, a situation discussed infrequently in the literature and never in the context of mixture experiments, we show how a modification of ridge regression can be used generally to investigate second-order mixture surfaces with many ingredients, particularly when the experimental mixture space is itself limited by further linear equalities in addition to the mixture requirement. In some cases, the ridge origin need not be moved into the mixture space to achieve the desired results, and any form of the second-order fitted model, whether of Scheffé type, Kronecker type, or something in between, can be accommodated.


A female dog was presented with bilateral prolapsed third eyelid gland condition and not responded to routine medicinal treatment. Surgical correction was performed by Morgan pocketing technique in left eye and resection of prolapsed gland in right eye. Both techniques yielded good clinical outcome and no post operative complications were observed.


As the practical flight regime extends farther into the supersonic and hypersonic regimes, the interaction between shock waves and the boundary layer that forms along a body will become more significant. These interactions lead to the potential for locally separated flows and high temperature regions on the surface. Because of the limitations of high Mach number wind tunnel testing, wind tunnel tests alone will not be able to provide the information needed to design these high Mach number aircraft. This study combines supersonic (M = 3) wind tunnel test of shock-wave boundary-layer interactions with computational modeling of the same. The particular interaction chosen was the impingement of a planar shock on the boundary layer on a von Karman ogive forebody with a finess ratio of 2.3 and cylindrical aft section with diameter of 5 cm. The shock was generated by a 10 beveled wedge mounted above the ogive-cylinder to provide a shock wave impacting on the cylindrical part of the body. Schlieren photography and oil flow visualization provided details of the flowfield around the model. Time-averaged surface pressure ports and a force balance were used to measure the interaction of the shock wave with the ogive-cylinder body. In general the computational results compared well with the experimental results though several discrepancies were observed with each of the measurements. The results confirmed the existence of a shock induced horseshoe vortex around the cylindrical body, and found that the primary measurable lateral force on the ogive-cylinder body was Cy = −0.081 in the direction normal to the wedge shock generator. This normal force was primarily due to the sharp pressure rise induced near the initial point of impact of the oblique shock wave upon the receiver body.


The objective of this study is to better understand factors governing the variability and sensitivity in SRM and PRM, compared to immunoassay.


In 1970 a research study was started on a series of roadway icings near Paxson on the Richardson Highway. This area was selected after considering the icing severity, the repeatibility, and the high cost of maintenance of this site. Two cross sections approximately a half mile apart were selected as representing the worst parts of two different icings. Section One is located at the northern end of Paxson Lake at Mile 182.2 and Section Two is located 0.5 miles north of this section. This report presents a summary of subsurface explorations made in 1970 and of field studies and instrumentation made during the winters 1970-71 through 1975-76. Included in the conclusions are recommendations for correcting this icing problem based on the findings of this study.


The anisotropic local structure in a series of amorphous Tb[sub 26]Fe[sub 74] films deposited at different deposition temperatures and having different magnetic anisotropy energies have been investigated using polarization-dependent extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements. Samples deposited at temperatures [ge]300 K exhibit anisotropic pair correlations where like atomic pairs are favored in plane and unlike pairs are favored out of plane. Both the anisotropic pair correlations and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy increase with increasing deposition temperature. In contrast, a sample deposited at 77 K was found to have isotropic pair correlations, low perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and a large ([approx]1%) in-plane compression.


Tungsten (W) will be used as a plasma-facing material (PFM) in the divertor region in ITER, and its use in future fusion devices is also very likely. The use of W as a PFM is attractive due to its excellent properties as high melting point, sputtering threshold or low tritium retention [1]. Tungsten shows also adequate corrosion resistance and the highest tensile strength of all metals at elevated temperatures [2]. The major issue associated with the presently available tungsten grades, in the context of structural applications, is their brittleness at low temperatures [3] which is worsened by irradiation [4]. Surface modifications might be problematic, because they can lead to degradation of heat conductivity. These modifications may further enhance erosion, which could be problematic because tungsten cannot be tolerated in the core plasma. An obvious way to solve this problem is to alloy W with other ductile refractory metals which also present low neutron activation [5] and recently refractory W composites were pointed as a promising alternative to pure W [6]. Alloying with Re, Mo or Ta can be used to modify the mechanical behavior of tungsten but limited property variation and precipitation of brittle secondary phases restrict this approach. Reinforcement of tungsten matrices with tungsten fibers has also been investigated [7] and the behavior of these composite systems seems, to a large extent, determined by the properties of the drawn tungsten fibers. For instance, potassium doped tungsten fibers enhance the strength and ductility of the material up to 2200 K [8]. However, the fabrication process by layer deposition of the tungsten matrices with tungsten fibers revealed weak bonding between the layers which leads to a composite cracking [7]. An alternative strategy to increase the toughness of W-based materials lies in dispersing ductile Ta particles or fibers in a W matrix [9–12]. Pure tantalum shows high toughness, low activation and high radiation resistance and, moreover, transmutes to W under high energy neutron irradiation. However, Ta is a scarce commodity and its extensive use as plasma facing material cannot be envisaged for large devices. A strategy to increase the fracture toughness of W-based materials for nuclear fusion applications lies on the development of W-Ta composites. W-Ta alloys possess a higher corrosion resistance and better mechanical properties as compared to the pure tantalum. However, the obtaining of these alloys is complicated because of their high melting temperature [13]. It has been shown that nanostructure coatings from refractory metal may be obtained with the ion-plasma deposition methods [14]. Nanostructured metallic coatings, unlike the microcrystalline analogs, can have a higher hardness, strength and wear resistance. For example, magnetron nanocrystalline tantalum coatings have the hardness of ~ 11.6 GPa, and nanocrystalline and amorphous W-Ta coatings with tungsten concentration of 7.9...9.2 at.% have the hardness of 14.9 and 17.11 GPa, respectively [15]. The main changes in W-Ta composites under energetic ion bombardment could be followed by observing the induced effects in pure W and Ta plates irradiated at the same experimental conditions. The lower stiffness of Ta relatively to W results in the increase of the blistering mechanism in the Ta phase and this behavior could become magnified in the Ta component of composites due to water vapor production under D + bombardment. Hence, the enrichment of oxygen should be avoided during the alloying of the components. Blistering events and D retention highly decrease at lower incident energies and after D plasma bombardment the presence of a Ta component did not increase the fuel retention in the composite, which is promising for structural applications. Lunyov, Kuprin et al. reported that W, Ta and W-Ta coatings deposited by argon ion sputtering of targets made from appropriate metals using the gas plasma source have higher mechanical properties as compared to the singlecomponent coatings [16]. The goal of this paper is the study of the surface topography of these W-Ta coatings and deuterium retention under the influence of particles of low-energy deuterium plasma and to compare with pure W and Ta plates exposed under the same irradiation conditions.


Charles Spearman was born in London on 10 September 1863, and died there on 17 September 1945. He was survived by Mrs Spearman and their daughters; But their only son was killed in Crete in 1941. Even in his schooldays, he has told us, he was ambitious to follow an academic career. But, yielding to 'the mouthful delusion that life is long', he tried first a spell in the army as a regular officer of Engineers, went through the Burma campaign of that time, and then, mourning the lost years and fired by zeal for the developing science of experimental psychology, he resigned his commission and went to study under Wundt at his newly founded laboratory at Leipzig. There he came into contact with Krueger and Wirth, both of whom he much admired. His stay in Germany was interrupted by further military service during the Boer War. He served as the Staff Officer for Guernsey, and met there his future wife. They were married in 1901.


Every technique that experts have revealed has its advantages and disadvantages. This is a positive thing because they complement each other. Educators must have accuracy in determining the right method for students so that mistakes do not occur. Choosing the appropriate method for students is a very important first step to achieving success in teaching-learning. Conversely, errors in selecting methods by educators can be the initial cause of failure in achieving goals. The methodology in this study was to use qualitative field research conducted at the Raudhatun Najah Islamic Boarding School. In contrast, the research findings showed that at the Raudhatun Najah Islamic boarding school, students were asked to directly speak Arabic conversations without translating into their mother tongue. Although in practice, there are still many obstacles encountered. Some problems encountered at the Raudhatun Najah Islamic boarding school are the many words that need to be clarified for students, the lack of awareness of students to speak Arabic, and the lack of motivation from some teachers to create a good Arabic language environment. Arabic learning methods at the SMP/MTs level should focus on conversational aspects and everyday vocabulary mastery. This should continue to be practiced until students feel confident without having to focus too much on grammar from the start. After students feel comfortable speaking Arabic, then they are taught about grammar. It is important to remember that grammar in teaching Arabic is not an end but a tool to improve speaking and writing skills. This aspect of writing can be taught by asking students to write their everyday stories.


Most of the observations and research work carried out to date on the high country of New Zealand have been concerned with the maintenance of the existing pasture cover or of regeneration in depleted areas. This line of work is obviously a most important one, but it should go hand in hand with a study of the animals grazing those pastures. This paper is concerned with an attempt to bridge the gap between the plant and the animal, by chemical analysis of the pasture to determine its value to the grazing sheep.


Charging or discharging secondary batteries such as a lithium-ion battery is essential in the stage of production and takes long time over two hours. And the charge/discharge system is operated with high switching frequency over several tens ㎑. Therefore, to simulate such a system in the conventional way takes very long time and huge files are produced. Finally, the simulation would be unable with general PC class. In this paper, the lithium-ion battery charge/discharge system is analyzed by using state space averaging method. As a result, the simulation time is reduced dramatically and the charge/-discharge characteristics of the lithium-ion battery can be observed.


Convolutional neural networks (CNN) has made great progress in the field of object classification in the past few decades. The most frequently used CNN structure is: convolutional layers + maximum pooling layers+ fully connected layers. In the classic structure, convolutional layers and fully connected layers are used for feature map extraction and classification respectively. In the maximum pooling layers, down-sampling is used to reduce the number of calculations of the whole structure. In order to reduce the loss of information caused by down-sampling, an improved version of CNN called an all convolutional networks (ACN), replaces maximum pooling layers with convolutional layers. In this paper, a faster ACN is proposed for SAR image classification. Compared to traditional ACNs, our faster ACN is built by inserting convolutional layers with descending stride, which is helpful for improving efficiency. Finally, experimental verification is performed on the MSTAR data set. Compared with traditional ACNs, our faster ACN can reduce the training time, while maintaining the same level of accuracy.


This paper compares the economy of agropastoral Fulbe women in central Mali before and after the 1973 and 1985 droughts. The position of pastoralist women depends mainly on access to livestock, and more precisely on access to milk. Rules governing access to milk vary considerably between different pastoral societies and depend on the way social relations are defined and manipulated. For each social category, access to natural resources, labour and social relations are defined differently according to Islamic, 'ndimu' (nobleness) and 'yaage' (respect, shame) rules. The author focuses on women from the following social groups: Weheebe (elite), Jallube (herdsmen) and Riimaybe (ex-slaves). She shows that the droughts had varying effects on these women, depending on their access to and use of natural and social resources, as defined within the normative frameworks of society. The fieldwork on which the paper is based was undertaken in the period 1990-1992 in Dalla, the capital of one of the Fulbe chiefdoms, and in Serma, a village of Jallube and Riimaybe. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in French and Spanish


Transformation of D-glucosamine into the p-nitrobenzyl ester (2) of SQ 27860 is described, revealing the absolute configuration of this carbapenem antibiotic as (1).


This paper proposes an optimal design method to suppress critical harmonics and improve the power factor by using passive power filters (PPFs). The main objectives include (1) minimizing the total harmonic distortion of voltage and current, (2) minimizing the initial investment cost, and (3) maximizing the total fundamental reactive power compensation. A methodology based on teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) and Pareto optimality is proposed and used to solve this multi-objective PPF design problem. The proposed method is integrated with both external archive and fuzzy decision making. The sub-group search strategy and teacher selection strategy are used to improve the diversity of non-dominated solutions (NDSs). In addition, a selection mechanism for topology combinations for PPFs is proposed. A series of case studies are also conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method. With the proposed selection mechanisms for the topology combinations and parameters for PPFs, the best compromise solution for a complete PPF design is achieved.


Heat output measurements were taken following partial discharges or short circuit tests on Li/SOCl/sub 2/ and on Li/MnO/sub 2/ cells. The magnitude and change in heat output with time is contrasted using examples from these two basically different systems. The magnitude and duration of the heat output is related to the nature of the film that is undergoing repair and rebuilding on the lithium anode. In the case of Li/SOCl/sub 2/, the film forming reaction is the same as the normal discharge reaction, so heat output information can be used to estimate losses in lithium anode capacity attributed to film formation and repair during storage or following intermittent discharges. However, the solvent reaction with lithium is quite different from the normal discharge reaction in lithium cells using solid cathodes and organic solvent based electrolytes. The data show that heat outputs following partial discharge or short circuit are much higher for Li/SOCl/sub 2/ than for Li/MnO/sub 2/ cells. However, for both of these cell types, formation and repair data are mostly related to the secondary film layer rather than the thin, compact primary layer.<<ETX>>


An eight-year-old girl child came to our hospital with high grade fever since four days associated with generalised weakness and lethargy. Past history was suggestive of multiple similar episodes each of 4 to 5 days duration since two years of age often accompanied with severe anaemia requiring packed cell transfusion. Symptoms used to subside with antipyretics and broad spectrum antibiotics within seven days. She was started on colchicine one year back with no significant improvement based on the diagnosis of periodic fever syndrome. Then her frequency of febrile attacks increased up to once every week. Differential diagnosis like haemolytic anaemia due to various aetiologies including autoimmune were considered. Also, anaemia due to bone marrow failure was considered as differential. Subsequently she was started on prednisolone 5mg daily after which frequency of attacks were reduced to once monthly. Child was born out of 3rd degree consanguineous marriage. Multiple male relatives including elder and younger sister had died at an early age with similar symptoms. Antenatal history of mother was suggestive of oligohydramnios. Child was born of full term normal delivery with a birth weight of 1 kg. She required packed cell transfusion immediately after birth due to severe anaemia. On examination vitals were normal but there was pallor with multiple dental caries and mild prominence of jaw. Haematological examination revealed haemoglobin of 7.9 with haematocrit 25.5, White Blood Corpuscle (WBC) 5260, platelets 269, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 57.3 and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) 34.1. Her peripheral smear examination revealed Anisopoikilocytosis, Tear Drop cells, Basophilic stippling, Microcytosis, Hypochromatic red cells and stomatocytes [Table/Fig-1a]. Serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 216, serum ferritin was 634, Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) 47.8 to 51.6, serum haptoglobin 58, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 6, serum fibrinogen 248, C-reactive protein (CRP) 1.5, serum folate and vitamin B12 were 4.645 and 392 respectively. Serum copper was 27.4 and serum lead was 0.07. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed splenomegaly. Patient was evaluated for haemolytic disorder. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), haemoglobin electrophoresis and osmotic fragility tests were normal. Bone marrow examination revealed a hypercellular marrow with erythroid majority with maturing myelopoiesis and some evidence of dysplasia [Table/Fig-1b,c]. When stained with Prussian blue, bone marrow showed ring sideroblasts [Table/Fig-1d]. Enzyme levels of aminolevulinic acid synthase could not be estimated. A diagnosis of congenital sideroblastic anaemia was made. The patient was started on 40 mg oral pyridoxine per day. There was a rise in haemoglobin level from 7.9 to 9 in first three weeks of treatment and the patient is still under follow-up and is 10 years old now.


Through literature study and investigation,a systematic discussion was made on the layout and subsidiary facilities in colleges and Universities.It was concluded that the layout of sports grounds must take human as its foundation,seek a high combination of human and sports,and fit the needs of physical education and physical training of the students and the entire personnel.This paper also pointed out that in the planning,choosing and building of sports grounds,it is necessary for the environmental decorations and subsidiary facilities to embody humanistic,scientific and artistic qualities,and thereby to show individual characters.


ABSTRACTMeasuring students' English ability in most universities would be counted from their passing grade on the Test of English as A Foreign Language (TOEFL). Listening to natives is considered a complicated section to answer among the three sections. Thus, EFL learners should focus on attainment strategies to answer the TOEFL preparation test. The current study examines students' profile of attainment strategy use and how usage of this strategy differs by gender. The sixth English semester students, faculty of education at Universitas Islam Malang, were required to fill out the questionnaire of strategies used to answer the TOEFL. Utilizing the descriptive and independent t-test, the findings reveal that students deployed the strategies at a moderate level. Further, female students used all the strategies more often and significantly differently than their counterparts. This implies that the use of strategies could ease them in obtaining good scores in listening.ABSTRAKMengukur ketrampilan bahasa Inggris mahasiswa di sebagian besar universitas akan dihitung dari nilai kelulusan mereka pada tes TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Diantara ketiga bagian pada tes TOEFL, tes pada bagian I (Listening) dianggap sebagai tes yang sulit untuk dijawab. Sehingga, mahasiswa diharapkan bisa fokus dan bisa menggunakan strategi tepat ketika menjawab tes TOEFL. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil penggunaan strategi menjawab tes TOEFL dan mengidentifikasi perbedaan penggunaaan oleh mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Mahasiswa semester enam jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Pendidikan, Universitas Islam Malang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini dan mereka diminta mengisi kuesioner strategi menjawab tes TOEFL.  Dengan menggunakan analisis dan Uji T-tes, temuan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa menggunakan strategi dalam kategori sedang. Hasil selanjutnya mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa perempuan sering menggunakan strategi dan berbeda secara signifikan dari mahasiswa laki-laki. Hal ini berarti bahwa penggunaan strategi dapat memudahkan mahasiswa tersebut untuk mendapatkan nilai bagus.


The Percus-Yervick (PY) integral-equation has been extended and used to determine structural and thermodynamic properties of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid. The PY theory has been extended by calculating the coefficients, up to the third-order in density, of the tail function when the latter is expanded as a power series. For a LJ fluid, the resulting integral-equation is exact at the level of the 5th virial coefficient. The properties obtained from the new procedure have been compared with a virial equation of state truncated after the 5th coefficient, computer simulation data and two empirical closures proposed by others. Excellent agreement has been obtained with simulation data for compression factor in the entire gas-phase region, excluding the critical region. The radial distribution function calculated from the method is in very good agreement with simulation data at supercritical temperatures and a density which is greater than the critical value by almost one-third. The tail functions which result from the approximate theories, at super-critical temperatures where data are available for comparison, compare poorly with simulation data at separations within the potential core and at long- range: there is only a fair agreement at intermediate separations at the lowest density examined.


ABSTRACT The effect of compatibilization on the reciprocating frictional behavior of a polyamide 66 (PA66)/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blend was investigated. The influence of the amount of added maleic anhydride–grafted polyethylene (MAH-g-HDPE) on the phase morphology, compatibility, and viscoelasticity was explored using scanning electric microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and capillary rheometry. In addition, the effect of MAH-g-HDPE on the reciprocating friction and wear performance of the PA66/UHMWPE blend was tested. The worn surface, transfer film, and wear debris were analyzed using SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the maleic anhydride groups in the MAH-g-HDPE improved the compatibility of PA66 and UHMWPE, and the addition of MAH-g-HDPE enhanced the interface bonding strength and lowered the polar difference between PA and UHMWPE. Therefore, the improved compatibility enhanced the wear resistance of the blend. During reciprocating sliding, UHMWPE transferred to the counterface prior to PA66 for the incompatible blend. The addition of MAH-g-HDPE promoted the adhesion and transfer of PA66 to the counterface.


We present the construction of a deep neural network for solving the nonlinear inverse problem of determining an unknown piecewise smooth wave speed from boundary measurements, where wave propagation is governed by the acoustic wave equation. To achieve this, we utilize an unrolled neural network for overcoming the ill-posedness of the problem, with the novel feature that the data itself form layers in the network. We argue that this construction may apply to more general nonlinear inverse problems, as it seeks to learn optimal and minimal data acquisition when restricted to distributions of models of interest. We also reinterpret the network's architecture from the point of view of TV regularization as well as provide a conservative estimate of the depth of the network for a given specified accuracy. Lastly, we train networks with the proposed architectures in the case of piecewiseconstant wave speeds in one spatial dimension and provide evidence the resulting networks can indeed recover the wave speed.


A mere 2 nm conformal titanium dioxide overlayer coated by atomic layer deposition is shown to act as a blocking layer for high-efficiency solid-state perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) absorber-based solar cells. Surpassing the existing multilayer passivation, this ultrathin sub-nanometer layer leads to a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 11.5%.


This article seeks to analyse the performance of the leader of the French National Front, Jean‐Marie Le Pen, and that of his Party, at the Presidential and Municipal elections of 1995. The elections took place after a period of apparent stagnation in the Front's political fortunes. Le Pen's relative success in the Presidential election was followed by the Front's capture of three significant towns at the municipal elections. However, its victories were in large part facilitated by the failure of the mainstream parties to rally against it. The elections ushered in a period of organisational and ideological change within the Party, which has, none the less, firmly established itself in the French political system.


Digital images can be effectively enhanced by using histogram equalization. However the main limitations of the algorithm are the significant loss of gray levels and the lack of enough contrast enhancement ability in the processed image. In this paper, an algorithm of graylevelpreserving histogram equalization is introduced, which is performed on partially overlapped blocks. The simulation result shows that this method not only enhances the contrast, but also preserves the gray information. Furthermore, no sudden gray level changes occur between the adjacent pixels so that the processed image looks smooth and realistic. A novel method is also presented according to the image data and the human visual characteristics, which is used to effectively reduce the block effects caused by the block based histogram equalization. The simulation result shows that the improvement is obvious. To eliminate noise effects caused by overenhancement, another measure is taken to make the strength of contrast enhancement vary with the variance of subblocks. Experiments show that noise is reduced to some degree.


The feasibility of large network inertial measurement units (IMUs) are evaluated for purposes requiring feedback. A series of wireless IMUs were attached to a human lower-limb laboratory model outfitted with joint angle encoders. The goal was to discover if large networks of wireless IMUs can give realtime joint orientation data while still maintaining an acceptable degree of accuracy.


This paper presents the first results on comparisons of Scatterometer Satellite-1 (SCATSat-1) derived wind datasets with the in situ, reanalysis as well as another operational scatterometer derived winds in the Bay of Bengal during the period November 2016–March 2017. The comparisons of daily gridded wind products of SCATSat-1 with buoys show good correlations (>0.83), higher skill scores (>0.92), and lower root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0–2 m/s for wind speeds (WS) at the buoy locations. Similarly, the results corresponding to wind directions (WD) show higher correlations (>0.95), higher skill scores (>0.96), and relatively lower RMSEs (15–30°). Further, the intercomparisons of SCATSat-1 with Advanced Scatterometer and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis winds show strong correlations for both WS (>0.85) and WD (>0.94). This paper also reports the capability of SCATSat-1 to capture three tropical cyclones Kyant, Vardah, and Mora during the period of study with the highest WS of 23.5 m/s.


The explaination and illumination for the establishment process and main technical indicators of the standard of "Reflecting Film Adhesive Performance Tester" is conductive to its popularization and application.


The simplest relativistic wave equations for a particle, which in the classical limit possesses moments of inertia about more than one axis, are Dirac and Kemmer-Duffin equations containing extra terms which cause these equations to describe a variety of spin states. The classical field theory of such wave equations is developed and the generalized Dirac equation for particles of spin 1/ 2 and 3/2 is examined in detail. It is found that with the choice of two parameters, one of which merely determines the scale, this equation not only correctly describes the spin and charge states of the particles and resonances XI /sup -/, XI /sup p/, n, p, N/sup **/, N/sup **O/; it also yields their masses correct to better than 2%. The XI /sup -/ - XI /sup O/ and n-p mass differences have the correct sign but are several times their observed values. Choice of one other parameter to give the correct n-p mass difference would lead to even better agreement with experiment for the other states, but would also lead to proton and neutron isobars lying 20 Mev above the ground state. (auth)


A prototype developed to support interpretation of respiratory data for ventilated patients is described. Data are taken from standard respirators and/or monitors used in intensive care units (ICUs). An initial knowledge base was built from data given by four specialists in intensive care. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects were taken into account. Major attention was paid to different aspects of the system: monitor interface to produce valid data, user interface and time representation. The prototype, called RESPAID, runs in real-time on an IBM PC AT3 with first class shell. This shell uses the concept of learning from examples. RESPAID is currently undergoing clinical validation.<<ETX>>


The following scientists studied religiousness among the various social and professional groups in Poland: Jarmoch [1, 2, 3], and Marianski [4]. So far only few studies related to people practicing sport [5]. The Catholic Church is interested in and promotes the values that stem from it. John Paul II saw the importance and role of sport in the education of man, and in his message to the organizers and participants of the Salesian World Games XII in 2001 he recalled the words of the Second Vatican Council, saying that "exercise and sports shows (...) contribute to the maintenance of spiritual balance and to the fraternal relations between people of every state, nationality and different races" [6]. Faith in God also helps the choices and the everyday human behavior brought up in the Christian culture. So it was interesting to try to assess people practicing taekwon-do in terms of their relation to faith and God's presence, and also show the importance of faith in their daily lives on the background of similar studies conducted among other population groups in Poland.


s were received. These covered areas ranging from clinical medicine and clinical trials related to scleroderma, including clinical trial methodology, to basic laboratory investigations of microfibrillar proteins. These abstracts are reproduced here for the interest of our readers, as the subject matter may not be available elsewhere unless abstracts have been coincidentally submitted to thes have been coincidentally submitted to the American College of Rheumatology or other groups. The enormous interest in the abstracts at the workshop has led in some cases to planned collaborative ventures as well as discussion about potential clinical trials. The initiation of this kind of interaction was one of the goals of the first international workshop, held in Chicago in 1990 and cochaired by Drs Carol Black of the Royal Free Hospital and Joseph Korn of Boston University, who have remained as organizers and chairs of the workshop. The Ninth International Workshop will be held in 2006. Ideas for workshop topics or speakers and volunteers to participate in workshop organization are welcome. Please contact Kate Brennan in the United States (e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com) or Millie Williams in the United Kingdom (email@example.com) or Drs Black or


TWO methods of 'time-frequency' spectral characterisation of nonstationary random processes are the Wigner-Ville spectrum and the evolutionary spectral density. This paper compares Wigner-Ville and evolutionary spectra for a particular class of nonstationary processes, namely those that exhibit a 'frequency modulated' structure (e.g., acoustic signals for which the Doppler effect is significant). Wigner-Ville spectra for such processes are (at least in principle) easy to obtain, but in order to obtain theoretical evolutionary spectral densities for such processes the concept of 'covariance equivalence' is used. The spectra are computed for the sound perceived by an observer due to a convecting monopole source emitting a random signal.


The aim of this work is to make a simplified thermal evaporation system for the fabrication of any kind of nanostructure thin film. Zinc thin film has been deposited on bare glass substrate by the proposed thermal evaporation system with 0.05 mbar pressure, 7000C source temperature and 10 minutes deposition time. For obtaining zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure thin film, the prepared zinc film is annealed at 5000C for 2 hours. The crystal structural, optical and surface morphological properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible (UV) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. The prepared ZnO film has high crystalline wurtzite structure with uniform nanoporous structure. Optical band gap 3.00-3.14 eV which is suitable for the application of photocatalist of waste water cleaning and air purification.