a representation of the world in which nower and laboir relations were separate. The factory system could thus be Dortrayed as the Droduct of a free social contract. Indeed, liberal ideology opposed the state, presenting it as restrictive of individual freedom (Spencer 1969; Gramsci 1955: 390). According to classical liberal ideology, a fairly strict 'division of labour' existed between the world of power relations the state and that of labour relations the enterprise. While this division was more ideological than real, it led to a conceot of separate and distinct 'rationalities' in the entrepreneurial and political worlds. The industrial bourgeoisie thus created the impression that they did not need the direct intervention of the state and that such an intervention into the autonomous realm of labour relations would even constitute an intrusion.


In this paper,the rational dissolvant which can be used to remove the paint advertisement on stone walls of buildings was chosen according to the rule of similarity.The sorts of the dissolvants,their concentration and temperature were experimented to find out the rational technology conditions.The result showed: to single dissolvant,the best was the ester and the ketone follows;to compound dissolvants,the mixture of the ester and ketone turned out to be the fastest,especially the mixture of the α-ester and the cyclohexanone.If the volume ratio of them was 1∶1,it only needed one minute.Besides,when the temperature got higher,the reaction turned much faster.Taking various factors into consideration,30~35℃ was the rational temperature.


Injections of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine give rise to multiple effects in the gastrointestinal tract such as vomiting (Borison & Wang 1953), relaxation of the stomach (Valenzuela 1976, Lefebvre, Willems & Bogaert 1981), vasodilation in the splanchnic region (Goldberg 1972) as well as a release of gastrin, insulin and somatostatin (Uvnas-Wallensten, Lundberg & Efendic 1978, Uvnas-Wallensten & Goiny 1981). Some of the effects exerted by dopaminergic agents on the gastrointestinal tract are mimicked by injections of the peptide VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). VIP occurs in neurons in the gastrointestinal tract (Larsson et al. 1976) and VIP, like the dopaminomimetics, relaxes the stomach and dilates blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract (Eklund et al. 1979).


(i.c.v.) injection ofbradykinin (BK)andrelated peptides was tested on thedental pulpelectrical stimulation threshold (DPEST)inrats. 2 BK (4,8and16nmol)induced a dose-dependent increase ofDPEST,indicative ofan antinociceptive effect. 3 I.c.v. injection ofequimolar doses ofBK-related peptides, Lys-BKandMet-Lys-BK, alsoinduced an increase ofDPEST,butthemagnitude oftheeffect was notasintensive asthatinduced byBK,whenthe maximumincrease ofDPESTwas considered. Thepeptide T-kinin induced a short lasting andweak antinociceptive effect. 4 TheB,agonist, des-Arg9-BK (8nmol)induced a significant antinociceptive effect, butthis was notas intensive asthatinduced byBK. 5 TheB2 antagonist D-Arg0-Hyp3-Thi5'8-D-Phe7-BK (D-Argo) competitively antagonized theBK-induced antinociception. Likewise, Hyp3-Thi5'8-D-Phe7-BK (Hyp)alsoantagonized BK effect. However, the compound Thi5'8-D-Phe7-BK (Thi), initially considered a pureBK antagonist, induced an antinociceptive effect, supporting previous observations thatthis peptide can also actas a partial agonist. 6 Itisconcluded thatthedose-dependent antinociceptive effect induced byi.c.v. injection ofBK is mediated bythestimulation ofbrain B2receptors.


Platelets play a critical role in pathogenesis and procession of cardiovascular diseases.The effect of exercise on platelet function is two?way.Strenous,acute exercise activates platelets whereas regular,aerobic exercise suppresses platelet function.Platelet activation during exercise may be related to several mechanisms,the most possibility is that exercise?increased catecholamine exerts biological influence via adrenergic receptors(α 2?AR).Exercise may suppress platelet function through the increase in endogenous NO and the elevation of guanosine 3,5?cycli?monophsphate(cGMP)content in platelets.


Purpose: Increased placenta growth factor (PlGF) level was discovered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Autophagy was emerging importance in pulmonary disease, exp COPD. However, underlying mechanism between PlGF and autophagy was still unknown. Materials and Methods: In this study, the stimulated concentrations of PlGF were 25, 50, 100 pg/ml respectively for apoptosis detection in human lung epithelial cells (S-cells). Quantification with autophagy was measured by the Fluorescein microscope for GFP detection and LC3B II expression. Besides, signaling pathways with different kinases were also assayed with ELISA and Western Blotting. Besides, in vivo with animal study with instillation procine pancreatic elastase (PPE) from trachea was also performed for evaluation. Results: In cultured human bronchial epithelial cells, PlGF (dose: 100ng/ml) induced LC3B II expression by over 3-fold (p Conclusion: Our findings revealed that PlGF induced autophagy with LC3B II over-expression in vitro and vivo study and underlying mechanism was via JNK and p38 MAPK signaling cascades. Further studies should be performed in human lung tissue for confirmation.


The COVID‐19 pandemic has forced surgeons to adapt their standard procedures. The modifications introduced are designed to favour minimally invasive surgery. The positive results obtained with intracorporeal resection and anastomosis in the right colon and rectum prompt us to adapt these procedures to the left colon. We describe a 'don't touch the bowel' technique and outline the benefits to patients of the use of less surgically aggressive techniques and also to surgeons in terms of the lower emission of aerosols that might transmit the COVID‐19 infection.


Devan is a reading specialist and Klein and Murphy are classroom teachers of United States history. All three work at Lafayette High School, Williamsburg, Virginia. ■ In September of 1974, an exercise originally designed to provide differentiated assignments (Herber, 1970) resulted in an intriguing class in which low and high achieving pupils competed as intellectual equals. The surprising results of the assignment might serve as a model for any teacher of heterogeneously grouped children.


The electric field distribution in converter transformer outlet device under complex voltages is nonuniform.To solve this problem,on the basis of a numerical model established according to practical outlet device structures,we calculated electric field distributions under AC,DC,and polarity reversal voltages,and analyzed the influence of operating temperature on the distribution.Then we homogenized the distribution through shape optimization and using non-linear insulating materials.The research shows that,the maximal electric field intensity of the outlet device is in the oil gap near the tulip surface and the insulation coating on the tulip surface under AC voltages and DC voltages,respectively.Under polarity reversal voltages,transformer oil undertakes great electric field intensity due to the accumulation of space charge.The electric field distribution in oil and insulating paper trends to be more inhomogeneous as temperature decreases,while the electric field distribution in outlet devices can be effectively improved in uniformity by adopting non-linear insulating materials.


The analysis of operation of booster pumping station is fulfilled for the cases, when water content is very high and number of stations is more than one. It is shown, that: the increase of viscosity of liquid from 1 to 30 mPa,s leads to reduction of fluid pumping rate by 25 %; self-regulation of pumping stations - pipeline system occurs, mainly, by changes in fluid pumping rate; viscosity of emulsion after it has passed through the pump is increased 2-5 times.


originate from (or to be triggered in susceptible individuals by) difficulties encountered in everyday life in the community. To acknowledge depression means, therefore, to acknowledge major shortcomings in contemporary Chinese society and to face the task of reducing them. Even if the Chinese leadership is not yet ready to address some of these macro-social problems, Kleinman points out that such human misery is mediated through the individual's social network and that mental health interventions, especially in the area of prevention, could do much to alleviate the impact of contemporary stressors on the individual.


The paper presents a simple and effective CMOS MOCCII circuit with HF compensation. For voltage transfer function VX/VY,source capacitively coupled amplifier is introduced to achieve HF compensation. For current transfer function Iz/Ix and Iz-/Ix,adding a tunable resistor in current mirrors is adopted,which makes the first order system of current transfer function of the current mirrors become second order system with adjustable poles. Controlling the resistance,lets the poles keep away from the origin in the plane S,consequently improves the bandwidth of the current mirrors. The simulation results show that the corner frequency of VX/VY has been improved from 92.690MHz before compensation to 184.127MHz after compensation,and the corner frequency of IZ/IX and Iz-/Ix has separately been improved from 66.708MHz and 58.780MHz before compensation to 272.965MHz and 279.042MHz after compensation,and the-3dB cut-off frequency reach separately 871.936MHz and 814.185MHz. Finally current mode filters composed of MOCCII before and after compensation are presented.


In order to investigate the influence factors of content of alcohol,ketone aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco,in five tobacco-growing areas of Kunming: Baoshan,Honghe,Wenshan and Qujing in Yunnan province,samples are taken for the unit with three kinds of ecological factors: planting area,soil texture and altitude range,simultaneous distillation extraction method,the internal standard method and GC-MS analysis technology are used to analysis aroma components and content of ketones and alcohols in K326.The results showed that(1) tobacco-planting area is the main factor effecting the content and the total amount of alcohol and ketone,Baoshan among the five regions is the most favorable to the formation of two kinds of aroma components of tobacco alcohol and ketone for K326,while there is no obvious differences in other four regions.(2) From soil texture,loamy soil was best for ketone formation of aroma components in tobacco leaves,the light and heavy loam clay followed,and contents of alcohols in tobacco was hardly affected by soil texture.(3) From altitude level,the altitude of 1 500 — 1 800 m range is more conducive to formation of alcohols and ketones of aromatic substances in tobacco leaves,and 1 100 — 1 500 m or 1 800 — 2 300 m of the elevation above sea level ranges are followed.


This article discusses the literature on the business model approach to highlight its contributions to the fields of innovation and entrepreneurship. First, we trace back the development of this concept and its theoretical underpinnings. Then, we argue that the business model is more than a concept and provides an original view of organizations. This view enables us to reinterpret some classical notions in entrepreneurship and innovation and to reintroduce the crucial issue of value capture in order to understand performance in entrepreneurial activities. Finally, after discussing the theoretical, conceptual, and pragmatic contributions of this approach, we propose some further avenues of research. In particular, we believe that the implementation of business models and its relationships with design activities, along with the concrete entrepreneurial work undertaken to legitimate a business model are both areas that would merit further exploration.


Banyuwangi has many banana-based food product, so everyday producing abundant of banana peels waste. Therefore to utilize the peels waste can use in making soft candy. The aim of this study was to know the effect of banana peels extract addition of soft candy on quality (chemical and hedonic) of soft candy and to determine the comparison between banana peels and gelatin in making the best soft candy. This research evaluated the comparison of banana peels and gelatin in producing soft candy. Experimental design used was completely randomized design with 4 treatments in comparison of banana peels and gelatin namely banana peels : gelatin (0:1) (K1), banana peels : gelatin (1:1) (K2), banana peels : gelatin (1:2) (K3), banana peels : gelatin (2:1) (K4).


Two Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Si-Y (M14 and M19) coatings with different Al and Cr contents were deposited onto DD32 Ni-base superalloy substrate using arc ion plating (AIP) method. The microstructures, isothermal oxidation behaviors at 1000 and 1100 and cyclic oxidation behaviors between room temperature and 1000 of the both coatings were investigated. The results show that these two coatings are composed of ' /, �-NiAl and some �-Cr precipitate phases. The only difference is that there are more �-NiAl phase precipitates in M19 coating with high Al content. M19 coating, in contrast to M14 coating, can not only repair destroyed alumina scales effectively during isothermal oxidation, but also resist further cracking and spalling of alumina scales during cyclic oxidation. High Al content in M19 coating can be kept under long time oxidation, making M19 coating long-term service.


The present invention relates to a coding method, coding apparatus, decoding method and a decoding apparatus. An encoding apparatus includes an identification unit and a coding unit. A first document structure identification unit identifies structured document. Using a specific coding unit using hierarchical document structure corresponding to the hierarchical encoding rules of the particular first structured document encoded string.


Project management includes the consideration of complex decision modes used in modern decision support techniques. The aim of this paper was to prioritize such factors and evaluate their effects on project management and optimal control. Their effect on management and optimal project control are evaluated in frame of a statistical hypothesis. A new algorithm, "IPICEA-g" is proposed for the assessment. A questionnaire is used for data collection distributed between 56 employees of the CALCIMINE Company. T-test, two-sentence test, ANP method, FUZZY SEAMATEL and the IPICEA-g hybrid algorithm, are employed for data analyzing. Results are further discussed and conclusions are drawn.


Wireless traffic and packet-based traffic in general possess heavy-tail marginal distributions and long-range dependence (LRD). The tail parameter /spl alpha/ of a heavy-tail distribution controls the variability of its realizations. Several traffic models, statistical test and resource management algorithms rely on the accurate estimation of the tail parameter. Conventional estimators for the tail parameter only work well when the data is short range dependent. In this paper we propose a new method to estimate the tail parameter from LRD data. This is achieved by utilizing the wavelet transform and extreme value theory. The algorithm is then applied to two stochastic processes that possess both heavy-tail marginal distributions and LRD. Results from our simulation show that the proposed method gives good estimates of /spl alpha/. We then estimate the tail parameter from a recently collected IEEE 802.11b traffic trace.


A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.


Transfer learning refers to the process of conveying experience from a simple task to another more complex (and related) task in order to reduce the amount of time that is required to learn the latter task. Typically, in a transfer learning procedure the agent learns a behavior in a source task, and it uses the gained knowledge in order to speed up the learning process in a target task. Reinforcement Learning algorithms are time expensive when they learn from scratch, especially in complex domains, and transfer learning comprises a suitable solution to speed up the training process. In this work we propose a method that decomposes the target task in several instances of the source task and uses them to extract an advised action for the target task. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach in the robotic soccer Keepaway domain. The results demonstrate that the proposed method helps to reduce the training time of the target task.


Although guitar tablature is the most prevalent musical score format on the internet, score following programs are only made for traditional musical scores or MIDI. The following work demonstrates a score following method for guitar tablature (tabs). In this method, a guitar tab parser interprets the score from HTML or ASCII text tabs which is then synthesised with guitar-like parameters. Finally, real-time audio to audio synchronisation methods are then used to accurately track the musicians position within the tab. A prototype application has been made to demonstrate this technique.


Data on 3 elderly patients with neurological manifestations of vitamin‐B12 deficiency, without anemia, are presented. In one case the appearance of peripheral neuropathy preceded the onset of speech disturbances and mental changes and the onset of the common syndrome of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. In the other 2 patients, lateral sclerosis in one case and pseudotabes in the other case were the presenting features. Several months after the beginning of cyanocobalamin therapy, the patients were almost cured.


The SVDD method, one of the most popular one-class classifiers, could use training samples of the interest class to derive accurate classification and thus is adopted in this paper. However, the penalty parameter C and the kernel width s should be tuned carefully to construct an optimal hypersphere. This research developed a single window flexible pace search method to select optimal parameters. First, 120 edge pixels were acquired from parcel boundary and PCA image. Then a 3*3 window was applied to the training samples to obtain the buffer training set. Then optimal parameters were select through the flexible pace search method. Under optimal parameters, the buffer training set yielded an accurate classification with an overall accuracy of 89.70%, which differed slightly with that derived from the SVM classification. Thus, we conclude that our proposed method could be used to select optimal parameters for the SVDD method.


The invention relates to a tuneable optical grid-assisted add-drop filter in codirectional mode of operation, which has the structure of a directional coupler filter with at least two adjacent wave guides having different refraction indices. The inventive filter must exhibit a spectral bandwidth of the filter transmission curve in the range from 50 GHz to 400 GHz for a high resolution in order to be tuneable and it must be producible in a more straightforward and more cost-effective manner, with dimensional tolerances higher than that of InP based add-drop filters. For that purpose, the material of the two wave guides is composed of two different classes of materials having different optical parameters. The thermal refraction index coefficient dn/dT, the electrooptical coefficient dn/dE or the dispersion dn/d lambda of these two materials differentiate from each other in such a way that, in case of an action carried out upon the two wave guides with the same technical means in a view to changing the temperature, the electric field or the wavelength, effects with different strength occur and therefore, means for changing these parameters are provided. A polymer and silica are used as wave guide materials arranged vertically or horizontally relatively to each other. For changing the optical parameter dn/dT, a device for modifying the temperature is used to influence the whole surface of a chip which contains the filter, said device being possibly identical to a device for stabilising the chip temperature.


OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi/ Author Timo Asikainen Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted January 10, 2008 Manuscript revised June 24, 2008 Date of the defence August 1, 2008 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor


This contribution is focused on the analysis of dynamic behavior of elastic continuum moving in liquid. The method of solution is demonstrated on the non-stationary movement of a bar in a real, incompressible liquid. The principle of the solution is based on the modal transformation of the bar and discrete process using the finite element method (FEM). The problem is in general non-linear. However, the method introduced in this contribution allows the solution of the problem in time steps. The solution is based upon a certain substitution which provides gradual separation of the movement of liquid and the movement of the bar. This substitution is entered analogously on the finite element and is dependent on the normal coordinates. The result is a tensor of additional effects.


3D animation entitled "Dental Care for Children" is a short animation with
duration of three minutes using colorful environment and animation techniques.
Serious tooth decay if not treated early can cause disease because everything a
human consumed is through their mouth. Therefore, a good hygiene of oral health is
important especially to those growing up children. Since there are few awareness
advertisements in the market thus this project created in 3D animation will teach
children how tooth can decay and the ways to prevent it. The character in this
animation had been modified so that the animation will become more interesting.


This paper presents the results of a research-action project carried out in Rivera (Uruguay) and the Binational Conurbation that integrates with Livramento (Brazil). The research aimed to strengthen a university region in this Conurbation, a pole of attraction for students from various adjacent areas. The study analyzes the institutional relations in the higher education system between 2020 and 2021 and proposes actions that can become territorial economic development. Relevant actors were identified through in-depth interviews. The actors analyzed are institutional (universities, trade and business associations, municipalities, and others). These actors are then interpreted as nodes of an institutional network through social network analysis (SNA) using Gephi software. Relationships between the institutions of the higher educational system in Rivera were identified (for example, joint careers, agreements, and research). The nodes were georeferenced (using GeoLayout), creating a dynamic institutional mapping. However, both in the local imaginary and the discourse of the authorities, Rivera and Livramento must work to consolidate themselves as a university region. In this research, it was observed that there are still no complete and agreed strategic lines in this regard. In this sense, the application of social network analysis also makes it possible to think about and encourage the application of public policies from a network and collaboration perspective between institutions to achieve complex community objectives.


This article relates discussions from a recent Road User Charging seminar. Since the congestion pricing program in London has proven to be successful, the possibility of different systems operating in different parts of the U.K., as well as throughout Europe, has opened up concerns regarding the need to establish interoperability between technologies. The article looks at the DIRECTS research project which is directed at demonstrating interoperable road-user end-to-end charging and telematics systems, with the goal of deliver an interoperable specification for road pricing in the U.K. It describes plans for a DIRECTS trial site in Leeds, as well as other trials in Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, Norway, France, that are focusing on road pricing and automated toll collection systems.


Resiliency is the ability to survive and thrive despite exposure to negative circumstances. This study compared 4 models of resiliency (compensatory, risk-protective, protective-protective, and challenge) in the context of adolescent aggression. Each model proposes a different relationship between risk and protective factors. The risk factor was exposure to violence. Protective factors were closeness to an adult, importance of religion, selfesteem, relationship competence, constructive communication, and constructive anger. Data for testing the models came from a survey of 1,747 8th and 9th graders in a rural county. Results suggest that the most appropriate model of resiliency varies by gender of the adolescent. The protective-protective and challenge models were supported for females. None of the models were supported for males. Gender differences in socialization and development may explain study findings.


The utility model relates to a dual-rotating non-linear drive piston-typed internal combustion engine. Two pairs of rotary pistons are arranged in a cylinder of the utility model to divide the cylinder into four spaces, wherein, one pair of pistons is connected with a crankshaft. The other pair of pistons is fixed to a hollow rotating shaft which can be rotated freely on the crankshaft. The two pairs of pistons are sheathed together, which can be rotated in the same directions. Each of the crankshaft and the rotating shaft is provided with a non-circular gear. The non-circular gears are respectively engaged with two non-circular gears which are connected and arranged on a transmission shaft rod. When a transmission shaft does uniform rotation, both of the two sets of non-circular gears are transmitted according to a nonlinear method. The four working spaces divided by the two pairs of pistons complete a stroke of suction, press, burst and discharge one after another through the transmission. So transduction form the heat energy to the mechanical energy is realized.


Adolescence is a time of discoveries, characterized by changes and conflicts, filled with uncertainties and questions. It is the time when young people leave childhood and enter the adult world. During this process, the teenager is in development, physically and morally, since birth to adulthood, in a daily and continuous dynamic. In this part of life, relationships become priorities to the teenager, who wishes to be accepted and to feel loved. To achieve these goals, the teenager gets into the criminality. From this data, nowadays, one of the issues lived by our country is to avoid the recurrence of the adolescent in conflict of laws to criminality when they fulfill their time with correctional measures applied to them. This study intends to show the psychologist's role on these children's life, as well as their families', so that they can perform their role in resocialization, providing the teenager a new chance to insert themselves in society and avoiding their relapse into criminality.


Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence has prompted a shearexplosion of new research initiatives and applications, improving notonly existing technologies, but also opening up opportunities ...


Non-destructive testing is one of the most used methods to control the quality and properties of materials, namely in the metal industry. Eddy current testing is an electromagnetic testing method. The principle is to induce an electric current in a conductive material and analyze its response. This allows superficial and depth flaw detection, conductivity measures and more. This work presents the development of a modular instrument that is able to perform online eddy current testing, implement signal detection and classification, operate autonomous and provide monitoring information while being accessed remotely through Ethernet communication. The developed system incorporates eddy current testing front-end modules to analyze the eddy currents response, a processing core to process the data from the frontend ECT modules and allow the remote access functionalities Keywords—Non-destructive techniques, eddy current testing, electromagnetic testing method, signal detection, remote access.


The case study research of five early childhood teachers drew upon the theoretical framework of social constructivism to investigate what keeps early childhood teachers working in long day care. Examining the ecology of long day care in light of the national reform agenda for Early Childhood Education and Care, the research identified the individual and contextual factors that enabled and challenged the teachers' work in long day care. The study contributes empirically-based insights and offers practical strategies to support the recruitment and retention of early childhood teachers in long day care.


Experimental results on the influence of electrodes on electrical breakdown along exploding W and Al wires in vacuum are presented. It is shown that insulation of any electrode (anode or cathode) leads to a significant increase in both the breakdown delay time and the energy deposited into the wire. The obtained experimental data are compared with the results of the experiments on electrical wire explosion in water and vacuum without surface insulation. It is shown that insulation of one of the electrodes prevents from shunting of the anode-cathode gap both when using an electrical explosion of a single wire and that of a wire array.


As the extension of globalization and the development of the society,code-switching becomes a prevailing social phenomenon. It is employed by different social classes and fields. Different kinds of code-switching have different social functions. This paper analyzes the code-switching in Finding Mr. Right based on ostensive-inferential model and identity theory through data collection. It aims to explore the motivation for people employing code-switching. The paper summarizes that communication intension decides language form. Code-switching is the reflection of identity and is helpful to fulfill communication intensions. People should use language appropriately and respect Chinese.


The V(V) complex VO2(acac)(1,10‐phen) (1) has been obtained by the reaction of VO(acac)2 with 1,10‐phenanthroline. The complex (1) was characterized by IR, elemental analyses and X‐ray diffraction studies which reveal that it crystallizes in the space group P21/c, a = 8.052(4) Å, b = 16.140(6) Å, c = 12.153(4) Å, β = 90.69(15)°, V = 1579.2(11) Å3, Z = 4. It is a monomeric neutral oxovanadium(V) complex containing 1,10‐phenaroline and acac as mixed ligands and possessing a disordered octahedron geometry around the vanadium atom.


Evaluation of educational resources from the perspective of stakeholders is an important means to evaluate education resource construction quality in Higher Vocational colleges. This paper analyzes the quality standard for information resources appropriate to t each stakeholder of Higher Vocational education. Then,it takes students, teachers, parents, enterprise, industry, government as the subject of evaluation, takes industry resource, enterprise resource, policy resource, course resource, employment resource as the evaluation object, combines qualitative and quantitative evaluation, takes layout and design of resource, content quality, ease to use and access performance as the main criterion, construct the relation model and evaluation table accord with different stakeholders through the method of mathematical statistics, and then forms evaluation system.


This study aims to analyze the Marketing Communication of PT. International Halal Network Alwahida Indonesian Herba Bidder (HNI HPAI) In Increasing People's Purchase Interest. The research method used is qualitative research. The data collection technique was carried out by interviewing, after which data analysis was carried out with the stages of reducing, categorizing the data, presenting the final data to draw conclusions. The results of this study found that BC 3 Medan HNI HPAI did not make marketing communication plans as mentioned in the marketing communication planning theory but they put forward real work rather than just plans. In the implementation of marketing communications carried out by BC 3 Medan HNI HPAI they did by holding events such as Home Sharing (HS), seminars on HNI HPAI, whether it contains motivation, introduction to companies and their products, to education about thibbunnabawi. During the implementation of marketing communications, of course the BC 3 HNI HPAI experienced obstacles. The obstacles they experience are of course the rejections that come from consumers and potential consumers. to increase this self-confidence, leaders can attend seminars held by HNI HPAI. The seminars that are held contain motivations that can inspire enthusiasm, as well as inspire the spirit and spirit of the leader himself.


Abstract : Ukraine is a very young independent state in the post Soviet space with a many centuries-old history. Its foreign policy and national strategy were not definitely clear and precise during the 1990s. Ukrainian foreign policy and strategy had a lot of mistakes problems and misunderstandings. With such a favorable and unique geopolitical position in Europe it could play a more important role in the European and world system of safety. During the last two months of 2004 the Ukrainian people made a new choice in the direction of democracy protection of human rights and the European (western) orientation. They rejected principles of corruption and infringement of freedom and human rights which were inherent to the old regime. Events on September 11, 2001 have forced all the world to shudder before the threat of world terrorism and to be united in a struggle against this evil. The purpose of this paper is to examine the emergence of a dear Ukrainian geo-political strategy and argues for the strategic logic of a continuing US-Ukraine partnership in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) the West's policy toward Ukraine during the years preceding Operation "Iraqi Freedom". All of those factors advantages and disadvantages directly or indirectly have enabled Ukraine to participate as a friendly, non-NATO country in this operation. The participation of Ukraine in this operation became one more acknowledgement of Ukraine's commitment to world democratic values its obligations to world society and an attribution of good will of all Ukrainian people in the struggle against terrorism.


Modern design technology is used to perform structural design and strength calculation of SWL550 type cross shaft universal coupling.The load boundary conditions of important parts are obtained by using of the mechanical analysis of cross shaft universal coupling.The models of important parts are built based on CATIA,CATIA finite element analysis module is applied to perform finite element analysis of the important parts.Von Mises stresses of the dangerous sections are basically coincident with theoretical calculated values.Replacing the traditional physical coupling experiments with digital models,it simplifies design process of shaft coupling to a large extent.


The paper presents the method to create anti-seepage screens by hydraulic fracturing with three-component polyurethane mixture. The proposed working fluids and their pumping circuits allow creation of a fracture and an adjacent insulation layer. Gas permeability of porous medium is determined at limit consumption of reagents per insulating screen unit area.


Fragmentation processes describe phenomena of random splitting, with possibly infinite activity, according to certain rules that give rise to a close relation of these processes to branching processes and L´evy processes. In this thesis we study some asymptotic properties of fragmentation processes. More specifically, we prove certain strong laws of large numbers for self–similar fragmentations and we deal with the existence and uniqueness of solutions ofthe one–sided FKPP travelling wave equation for homogenous fragmentation processes. In addition to being concerned with standard fragmentation processes we also consider fragmentation processes with immigration, fragmentations stopped at a stopping line as well as killed fragmentation processes.


The new photosensitizers, monomethine, dimethine, trimethine, styryl and mixed cyanine dyes incorporating pyrazolo/oxazole(thiazole) nuclei are prepared; the visible absorption spectra for all the synthesized cyanines were examined in 95% ethanol; structural confirmation is carried out by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.


Science and art belong to different fields, and represent wisdom of two different types of human civilization. The paper, by analyzing their common roots and supplementary interactions, simply and deeply shows that physical science is full of aesthetic elements and the aesthetic features can be found everywhere in physical science.


In order to address zero-sum game problems for discrete-time (DT) nonlinear systems, this article develops a novel event-triggered control (ETC) approach based on the deterministic policy gradient (PG) adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. By adopting the input and output data, the proposed ETC method updates the control law and the disturbance law with a gradient descent algorithm. Compared with the conventional PG ADP-based control scheme, the present controller is updated aperiodically to reduce the computational and communication burden. Then, the actor-critic-disturbance framework is adopted to obtain the optimal control law and the worst disturbance law, which guarantee the input-to-state stability of the closed-loop system. Moreover, a novel neural network weight updating law which guarantees the uniform ultimate boundedness of weight estimation errors is provided based on the experience replay technique. Finally, the validity of the present method is verified by simulation of two DT nonlinear systems.


Abstract. Practical and reliable measurement of pasture intake by individual animals will enable improved precision in livestock and pasture management, provide input data for prediction and simulation models, and allow animals to be ranked on grazing efficiency for genetic improvement. In this study, we assessed whether pasture intake of individual grazing cattle could be estimated from time spent exhibiting behaviours as determined from data generated by on-animal sensor devices. Variation in pasture intake was created by providing Angus steers (n = 10, mean ± s.d. liveweight 650 ± 77 kg) with differing amounts of concentrate supplementation during grazing within individual ryegrass plots (≤0.22 ha). Pasture dry matter intake (DMI) for the steers was estimated from the slope (kg DM day–1) of the regression of total pasture DM per plot on intake over an 11-day period. Pasture DM in each plot, commencing with ≤2 t DM ha–1, was determined by using repeatedly calibrated pasture height and electronic rising plate meters. The amounts of time spent grazing, ruminating, walking and resting were determined for the 10 steers by using data from collar-mounted, inertial measurement units and a previously developed, highly accurate, behaviour classification model. An initial pasture intake algorithm was established for time spent grazing: pasture DMI (kg day–1) = –4.13 + 2.325 × hours spent grazing (P = 0.010, r2 = 0.53, RSD = 1.65 kg DM day–1). Intake algorithms require further development, validation and refinement under varying pasture conditions by using sensor devices to determine specific pasture intake behaviours coupled with established methods for measuring pasture characteristics and grazing intake and selectivity.


In 1973, Nezelof et al. reported that the lesion cells in histiocytosis X represented either local or disseminated proliferation of Langerhans' cells. Therefore, the name of this disease has been changed from histiocytosis X to Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). Recently, we encountered a patient harboring a solitary LCH lesion in the mandible. Approximately 1 year after segmental resection of the mandible, disease recurred in the same region. To treat the recurrent lesion, radiotherapy was employed. In addition, LCH lesions were detected in the 12th thoracic vertebra by bone scintigraphy, radiography, computed tomographic scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. This lesion was orthopedically treated. Thirteen months after treatment, neither recurrence nor emergence of new lesions has been detected.


Osteochondral fracture of patella is a painful disabling condition. Astute clinical appreciation and precise radiological evaluation is mandatory to arrive at a correct diagnosis. The treatment in the face of severe disabling pain, remains surgery. Here lies the controversy, what surgery? We try to suggest a simple yet effective surgical technique as yet unreported. A case of undisplaced Ostcochondral fracture involving medial articular facet of Patella is reported which remained symptomatic despite adequate conservative management. Partial medial patellectomy was very rewarding.


To study the dependence of the forward flux of creatine kinase (CK) on its substrates and products we designed an acute normoxic model of steady-state depletion of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenylate in the isovolumic acetate-perfused rat heart. Various concentrations of PCr and ATP were induced by prior perfusion with 2 deoxy-d-glucose in the presence of insulin. The apparent rate constant ( k f) and the forward CK flux were measured under metabolic and contractile steady state by progressive saturation-transfer31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). At high adenylate content CK flux was constant for a twofold reduction in PCr concentration ([PCr]); CK flux was 6.3 ± 0.6 mM/s (vs. 6.5 ± 0.2 mM/s in control) because of a doubling of k f. Although, at the lowest ATP concentration and [PCr], CK flux was reduced by 50%, it nevertheless always remained higher than ATP synthesis estimated by parallel oxygen consumption measurement. NMR-measured flux was compared with the flux computed under the hypothesis of CK equilibrium. CK flux could not be fully predicted by the concentrations of CK metabolites. This is discussed in terms of metabolite and CK isozyme compartmentation.


Attracting and keeping talent is one of the biggest challenges confronting the nursing and healthcare profession. Three people management skill areas must be addressed: improving leadership; stimulating knowledge exchange; and overcoming burnout. Addressing these three factors can lead to notable changes in staff motivation, performance and enthusiasm. (non-author abstract)


AbstractA theoretical study is made concerning the relation between the basic structural properties of an idealized model photodetector and its imaging characteristics. In particular, a relationship is developed between the sensitivity distribution of the detector elements and the Equivalent Quantum Efficiency.


[Objective] to investigate self-protective ability against needle stick injury of medical staff with different working years,survey existent problems and explore effective measures to reinforce the protective consciousness of them to avoid cross infection.[Methods] The questionnaire investigation that contained the knowledge of protection,the types of needle sticks,the level of concern of the hospital pay and psychological responses after needle stick was performed among 631 urban and rural medical staffs from 9 provinces.[Results] Among the 631 medical staffs,406(64.34%) persons were injured in the past year.The ones with longer working years pay more attention to self-protection(P﹤0.05),and the total times of needle stick injuries in the past year had an inverse correlation with the working years(P﹤0.05).The main obstacles of improving self protection ability were: different focus on the problem due to different working years,lack of the knowledge of protective methods,procedure,and protective materials.[Conclusion] Hospitals should pay more attention to the occupational protection education,improve the ability and consciousness,popularize the standard of protective management and basic technology,and enhance the hospital's positive attitude towards needle stick injure,which are the most important and basic ways to improve the medical staffs' ability of self protection and cut down the number of injure.


Controlled synthesis of calcium silicate nanostructures with morphologies of spheres and whiskers were successfully achieved by cationic surfactant-CTAB-microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method.Various comparison experiments showed that the molar concentration ratio between water and CTAB and the concentration of reactants play important roles in the morphological control of calcium silicate nanostructures.A mechanism was proposed for the selective formation of various morphologies.A higher molar ratio and increased concentration of reactants favor more reactants aggregating in the water pool,leading to larger size of the products and accelerate the crystallizing process,resulting in whiskers in the nanostructures.On the contrary,a lower molar ratio favors spherical products.


Development has been variously defined by different actors to mean different things to different people. While western economists define development in terms of economic growth and income per capita, the politician may define the same as the provision of roads, hospitals, schools and so forth. In the context of a Ghanaian community, development is usually described in terms of the well-being of the individual and the community or opportunities for improving livelihoods. Whatever the differences may be among these definitions, the underlying fact is the need for effective leadership and organizational cohesion, be it at national or community level, to be able to initiate and sustain the processes that lead to development.


Given n piles of tokens and a positive integer k ≤ n , the game Nim 1 n, = k of exact slow k - Nim is played as follows. Two players move alternately. In each move, a player chooses exactly k non-empty piles and removes one token from each of them. A player whose turn it is to move but has no move loses (if the normal version of the game is played, and wins if it is the mis`ere version). In Integers 20 (2020), #G3, Gurvich et al. gave an explicit formula for the Sprague-Grundy function of Nim 14 , =2 , for both its normal and mis`ere versions. Here we extend this result and obtain an explicit formula for the P-positions of the normal version of Nim 15 , =2 and Nim 16 , =2 .


Abstract We estimated the external phosphorus load (EPL) between 1960 and 2015 in Lake Pusiano, a mid-sized subalpine lake that reached its maximum trophic state in the mid-1980s. Using historical data we also estimated the internal phosphorus load (IPL) between 1972 and 2015. EPL reached its maximum in the mid-1980s with phosphorus (P) values ~21 t yr−1 compared to the current value close to 6 t yr−1. IPL was one order of magnitude less and ranged between 0.25 t yr−1 (2015) and 3.6 (1985) t yr−1. The strong reduction of the P load determined a marked decrease of both P (from 200 to 23 μg L−1) and chlorophyll a (from 18 to 8 μg L−1) in-lake concentrations. The process of eutrophication and subsequent recovery, however, showed hysteresis between P load and in-lake P concentrations. In recent years, in particular, the P concentrations at winter overturn seem to be independent from the P load, related to modifications in the hydrological management of the lake that favored P flush-out in October–November, when the EPL is maximal. This process led to a marked decrease of the total P concentrations at winter overturn (23 μg L−1), which recently resulted in lower-than-target concentrations (30 μg L−1) established by the Lombardy Region. The lake, nevertheless, suffers from the presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens, and eradicating this species and further improving water quality will likely require an additional abatement of the EPL.


W The Price of Government appeared in the spring of 2004, the book's timing could not have been better. The fi scal stresses experienced by governments during the previous three years were vivid, and the recent postrecession growth in revenues did little to abate deepening concern about inexorable increases in health care costs and unfunded mandates and growing service demands. As he did in 1992 with publication of Re inventing Government, Osborne (together with coauthor Peter Hutchinson, a partner in the Public Strategies Group based in Minneapolis) issued a warning that resonated with many government offi cials: American government has entered a permanent and perfect "fi scal storm" that requires profound changes in the way government functions in order to get the results that citizens demand at a price they are willing to pay. Osborne and Hutchinson's 370-page treatise places equal blame on the "bankrupt ideologies" of the left and the right for this terrible state of fi scal affairs. The authors take great pains to articulate what amounts to a manifesto for change that targets traditional incremental budgeting practices and accounting gimmicks that they believe have contributed to growing debt and defi cits as well as increasing political alienation among citizens. What the authors propose to substitute involves a distinctly different approach to budgeting that focuses on buying results for citizens rather than making incremental changes to last year's spending levels. Based on their consulting experiences with governments in Minnesota and Washington, among others, the authors suggest a fi ve-stage budget process whereby offi cials (1) defi ne the nature of the problem, (2) determine what citizens are willing to pay for services, (3) establish government priorities, (4) allocate available resources across priorities, and (5) develop a purchasing plan for each desired result or outcome. Once these decisions are made, "smarter sizing, spending, management, and work processes" will result and make it possible to produce the desired outcomes for the set price. Chief among these approaches are creating ongoing review processes outside the budget process; consolidating funding streams and policy organizations; rightsizing management; buying services competitively; rewarding performance, not just good intentions; letting customers choose between service providers; creating employee teams to engender trust; injecting fl exibility in rules to get greater accountability for results; modernizing staff functions; and adapting smarter work processes used by industry. David Osborne and Peter Hutchinson The Price of Government: Getting the Results We Need in an Age of Permanent Fiscal Crisis (New York: Basic Books, 2004)


Today, although Blu-ray, DVD, CD, hard disk drive, solid state drive, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) are available, the lifetime of stored data is short. To store large amounts of data longer than 100 years, long-term data storage media are necessary. Moreover, systems designed for use in space require highly radiation-tolerant memory. As long-term data storage media this study demonstrates that a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal holographic memory has a high radiation tolerance by using a cobalt 60 gamma radiation source. Results show that the holographic memory radiation tolerance is more than 667 times higher than EEPROM radiation tolerance.


In Network Function Virtualization, in order to improve the utilization of the underlying resources and effectively deploy the service chain dynamically, we will use the management and orchestration to monitor the network resources and virtual function status in real time, but real-time monitoring will result in a certain communication overhead. In this paper, a resource state agent monitoring strategy is designed. The improved label propagation algorithm divides network to subnet and selects the agent monitoring node, which realizes the real-time monitoring of resource status and minimizes the monitoring information communication overhead. Simulation results show that the monitoring strategy proposed in this paper reduces the overhead of monitoring information communication about 15%.


A Akustikoberflachenwellenresonator comprises a piezoelectric substrate on which an interdigital transducer region is formed having a plurality of electrode fingers which have pi a period that a is equal to be excited surface acoustic wave, in essence, and at least one reflector which is arranged adjacent to the interdigital transducer region, to the excited by the interdigital transducer region surface acoustic wave to reflect in a direction parallel to a propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave. The interdigital transducer region has three or more electrode fingers within the period pi, and the reflector has a plurality of grids or bars, which have a period p, which is equal to half a wavelength of a propagating in the reflector surface acoustic wave.


Background Vitamin A has anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and its deficiency results in impaired specific and innate immunity. Vitamin A is essential for inducing the gut‐homing specificity on T cells.


Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the determination of linarin and luteolin in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici.Method: Anzlyses were carried out on Thermo Hypersil BDS C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column with CH_3OH-THF-H_2O(50∶4∶46) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min~(-1) and the UV detection wavelength was set at 350 nm.Result: Linearities of linarin and luteolin were good in the ranges of 0.015 2-0.152 mg·mL~(-1)(r=0.999 8) and 0.001 8-0.018 mg·mL~(-1)((r=0.999 4)),respectively.The average recoveries of linarin and luteolin were 98.9% and 97.2% with RSD less than 3.0%.Conclusion: The method can be used to control the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici.


This research was carried out to study the effect of time on the compound layer of AISI 4140 steel in salt bath nitriding. The nitriding process were implemented on AISI 4140 steel in salt bath component for different times (from 1 h to 10 h) at 580 °C. Samples of AISI 4140 steel were treated and characterized (at surface and core of samples) through the following technique: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness tester. Shows that thick compound layers are formed during continuous salt bath nitriding. The thickness of the compound layer and surface hardness increases with increasing time.


This community service is aimed at developing children's character so that they are willing to caretoward their environment (social awareness), to actively involved in activities, and improve their creativity. The method used in this community service is by doing assistance and giving accompanying to school-age children who willingly join the activities for a month which is held once in a week. The accompanying is conducted through 'Learning is Fun' approach.  The target of this community service activity is school-age students of 7 up to 10 years old who willingly join activity for a month. The results of the activity are children willingly behave and care that cover sharing together, helping others in need, and actively involving in various activities. The results of the activity are the success of this community service activity that is reflected from the activities and the enthusiasm of children who attend which are 12 school-age children. They come and join each session orderly and carry out the activities well. Based on the communication to some parents, children have started helping simple household core, such as making the bed, sweeping, and washing. This succeed can also be seen from the children's spirit in joining each activity. This activity is expected to be able to improve character of social care in children, foster children's creativity and improve children's learning experience.


We study the electronic transport in lightly phosphorus-doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon ($\mu$c-Si:H) and nominally undoped hydrogenated silicon carbide ($\mu$c-SiC:H) by temperature-dependent Hall measurements. The material properties cover different crystallinities and doping concentrations. For$\mu$c-Si:H samples, the carrier concentration is altered by electron bombardment and subsequent step-wise annealing of defects. We describe the behavior of conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration in terms of the Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR) and anti-MNR. We present the first sample switching between them. A theoretical examination leverages the anti-MNR to describe electronic room temperature properties, and it expands the statistical shift model.


University students are special individuals with certain professional knowledge and innovative thoughts and capability.EQ plays a vital role and it is a key in their career success.Communicative English requests students to take an active and cooperative part in teaching activities which helps to cultivate their emotional quotient.


: The paper examines the service indicators of the newly implemented hybrid bus in Lanzhou city, China, which has not been rigorously studied yet. The bus transport in the city is the only way of mass transportation, which was considered as one of the most polluted cities in the world. It was a big challenge for the policymakers to develop a better transportation system by not hindering the environment. A newer transportation facility always needs to be analyzed if the passengers are accepting this well. Comprehensive exploratory factor analysis has been used to identify the vital service indicators which are finally packed into key factors by the confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis. Our study suggests that the mass level people care more about their riding experiences than environmental concerns. Transport policymakers can use this information while implementing the new mode of buses.


The project, a bench-scale hybrid electric powertrain system, is designed, analyzed and fabricated by students in six modules, starting in their sophomore year and culminating in their final semester as seniors. This complex project has been selected in order to integrate the core mechanical engineering courses: Mechanical Design, Thermodynamics, System Dynamics and Control, and Fluid Mechanics. A bench-scale hybrid-electric vehicle powertrain has sufficient complexity to involve all Mechanical Engineering disciplines and the simplicity to be built by students over the course of five semesters. The work is designed to test two hypotheses: 1. A long-term design project that integrates knowledge from multiple courses strengthens student knowledge retention. 2. A large-scale design project requiring tools from many courses improves student problem-solving and design skills. By integrating five semesters of the mechanical engineering curriculum into a cohesive whole, this project has the potential to transform the way undergraduate education is delivered. Before and after testing is being conducted to assess: a) Change in retention between courses and b) Change in student problem-solving and design skills. Students at Rowan University have built almost all of the "hardware" for the HPT (air engine, planetary gearset, tachometer, etc.) in earlier semesters. The control system is the "capstone" for the five-semester design project, which has been described in an earlier publication [1]. This paper describes the development of the "faculty prototype" of the control system, and gives preliminary results of implementing the control system design project in the classroom. Introduction Toyota has been recognized for developing cutting-edge hybrid systems. Specifically, they have developed and implemented the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) which combines a gasoline engine and an electric motor, with the advantage of not requiring external charging. According to the Toyota [2] the THS II system achieves nearly twice the fuel efficiency of conventional gasoline engines. This system was included in the Toyota Prius. The THS uses a gasoline engine, electric motor, and electric generator to achieve better fuel efficiency which results in reducing exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). A simplified diagram of the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Diagram of the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) [3] Electric Motor Air Engine Planetary Gears Generator Load Motor/ Generator Load Box Battery Box Power Supply


Research demonstrates that out-of-school STEM experiences can influence career development and STEM persistence [1]. However, helping students engage with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts and practices in out-of-school settings can be particularly challenging since youth are often able to choose to drop in or out and inconsistent attendance is the norm. Studying and documenting student learning becomes even more complex when facilitators of out-of-school time activities have limited experience and/or comfort with STEM concepts and practices. This paper explores how tablet-based technologies that support Knowledge Integration (KI) and informed design can support out-of-school STEM learning. The paper presents a case study of a program implemented in a mid-Atlantic chapter of the Boys and Girls Clubs of America. Ten different blended engineering design activities (i.e., combining hands-on and virtual components) were completed by youth. Completion rates suggest the potential for tablet-based environments designed to support KI to both facilitate and capture out-of-school STEM learning opportunities. This case study is part of a larger initiative supported by NSF through the AISL funding stream.


Let the nth partial sum of the Taylor series e = ∑∞ r=0 1/r! be An/n!, and let pk/qk be the kth convergent of the simple continued fraction for e. Using a recent measure of irrationality for e, we prove weak versions of our conjecture that only two of the partial sums are convergents to e. We also show a surprising connection between the An and certain prime numbers, including 2, 5, 13, 37, and 463. In the Appendix, K. Schalm gives a conditional proof of the conjecture, assuming a certain other conjecture he makes about the An and qn modulo powers of 2. He presents tables supporting his conjecture and discusses a 2-adic reformulation of it.


Cardiac injury, regardless of etiology, typically leads to an increase in wall stress, decreased compliance, reduced systolic function, and progressive chamber dilation. This process is termed "remodeling" and is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with heart failure. Several drugs have been shown to have an effect on inducing reverse remodeling or reducing ventricular dilatation, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers and, most recently, aldosterone inhibitors. Two mechanical interventions have also been associated with reverse remodeling: biventricular pacing (so-called cardiac resynchronization therapy) and mechanical ventricular assist devices (VADs). Left VADs (LVADs) induce the most complete reverse remodeling by far, returning the ventricle to nearly normal chamber size within days to weeks. The use of VADs has evolved over the last 25 years and, currently, a significant number and type of devices with improved sophistication, durability, and reliability are available. The device most commonly used today is a pulsatile pump that is placed internally, either preor intraperitoneally, such as the HeartMate (Figure 1) or Novacor devices. These devices are able to fully support the circulation by draining nearly all the blood normally entering the left ventricle and pumping it back into the circulation by pusher plate compression of a blood reservoir in the pump. This support or output is pulsatile and synchronous with the intrinsic cardiac rate and rhythm. More recently, VAD technology has evolved to include axial or continuous flow pumps such as the Micromed-DeBakey (Figure 2) or Jarvic pumps. These pumps are able to almost totally decompress the cardiac ventricle, but use axial (continuous) rather than pulsatile flow. There is significant evidence to suggest that the total reduction in wall stress that is achieved via mechanical unloading with VADs is able to induce significant structural, cellular, molecular, and functional reverse remodeling of the myocardium. This issue of Cardiology Rounds reviews the data regarding reverse remodeling and the potential for meaningful recovery of ventricular function associated with these devices.


The demand of freshwater is constantly increasing due to population growth. Desalination, the process of converting salt water to freshwater, is a common technology. This study investigates the effect of different parameters on the potable water productivity of solar still under the climatic condition of Zagazig, Egypt in order to determine the numerical parameters and to be used for design of solar still for small and rural communities. The impact of varying water depths (2–12 cm), salinities (2,500–12,000 ppm) and angles of inclination (20°–40°) on the performance of the still were examined. The results showed that productivity of the solar still increases with decreasing water depth and salinity of water, while increasing the cover angle in winter enhances productivity and efficiency. The still produced water suitable for drinking and met World Health Organization standards with removal efficiency of 99.5% and 99.9% for total dissolved solids (TDS) and chloride for seawater. The study also includes a theoretical study that predicts the thermal behavior of the still and the predicted results were compared with the experimental results. Results show that there are slight differences between the experimental and predicted outputs within the acceptable range. Finally, seawater with total dissolved solids of 33,000 and 2,500 ppm was tested using the optimum conditions of the experimental work and the results showed a good agreement with synthetic water and also with the theoretical results. The maximum daily output was recorded as 850 mL/m 2 per 10 h for 2,500 ppm unfiltered seawater, 800 mL/m 2 per 10 h for 33,000 ppm unfiltered seawater, 790 mL/m 2 per 10 h for 2,500 ppm filtered seawater, 304 mL/m 2 per 10 h for 33,000 ppm filtered seawater. The maximum daily output was recorded as 710 mL/m 2 per 10 h for synthetic water of TDS of 2,500 ppm. The economic analysis revealed that solar still is cheaper than market water with a cost of 0.08142 $/L. The obtained results are of particular importance for small and rural communities, as they can be used to design simple solar still unit that does not require preliminary or post-treatment steps, with low operating and maintenance costs, and moreover does not require skilled labor.


Objective/Hypothesis: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination is performed in cases of rebound nystagmus to elucidate the responsible site for rebound nystagmus.


The principal activities of the lithium--iron sulfide battery program include negative and positive electrode development, preparation and testing of lithium-resistant ceramic components and cell design, construction and operation. In the period covered in this report, positive electrode research and operation of a 100 Wh cell were conducted; a 150-Wh sealed cell employing four electrode pairs, each with a surface area of 110 cm/sub 2/, was designed, built, and placed in operation; and negative electrode research was performed. (GRA)


The exponential growth of information on the World Wide Web makes it increasingly difficult to discover relevant data about a specific topic. In this case, growing interest is emerging in focused crawler, a program that traverses the Internet by choosing relevant pages to a predefined topic and neglecting those out of concern. A new focused crawler based on Naive Bayes classifier was proposed here, which used an improved TF-IDF algorithm to extract the characteristics of page content and adopted Bayes classifier to compute the page rank. Then the crawler developed was compared with a BFS crawler and a PageRank crawler, and the results show that our crawler has better performance than the PageRank crawler and BFS crawler in harvest ratio.


According to the characteristics of the COMPASS,research of pseudorange single- point positioning principle,the papers designed the pseudorange single- point positioning algorithms of COMPASS,verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the method,which can provide reference for popularization,application and scientific research in the field of navigation and positioning.


Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight, caused at least by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a devastating disease of pistachio. Although the disease was discovered in 1984 causing tremendous damage in one of the oldest pistachio orchards in Butte Co., it took about 12 years for the disease to become widespread in the pistachio industry and reach epidemic levels in the late 1990s. Initially there were no fungicides registered in pistachio and the disease caused 40 to 100% yield losses in some of the orchards. In fact, in some cases, the disease became so severe that growers removed pistachio orchards and planted other crops that seemed not to be susceptible to Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. Over the years, research supported by the California Pistachio Industry discovered a large number of fungicides, particularly anilinopyrimidines, strobilurins, carboxamides, and mixtures of carboxamides and strobilurins that showed good to excellent efficacy in controlling the disease. However, because of the magnitude of damage this disease causes, growers started applying multiple sprays that in some cases seemed not to be necessary. Data collected for 15 years for leaf wetness duration, temperature, and disease levels enabled us develop a model that separated rain events into high, medium, and low risk for Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight in California pistachio orchards. Disease risk can also be determined by the BUDMON (bud monitoring) technique. Briefly, 100 buds are collected randomly from a field, surface sterilized and plated on APDA plates (10 buds per 9-cm plate). The plates are incubated at 27°C for about 4 to 6 days and the colonies of Botryosphaeria are recorded. Incidence of the pathogen in the buds correlates with disease in fruit clusters and shoots at harvest. The Leaf Wetness Model (LWM) was very successful in determining the risk of infection by B. dothidea and optimizing application of fungicides. In 2010, the two sprays, predicated when the LWM thresholds were exceeded ,essentially controlled the disease and resulted in control that was comparable to control achieved by eight commercial sprays. Pre-mix fungicides Merivon® (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) and Pristine® (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) were the two most effective fungicides for controlling Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight. Other effective fungicides included Luna PrivilegeTM (fluopyram), Quadris TopTM (difenoconazole + azoxystrobin), Luna SensationTM (fluopyram + trifloxystrobin) alternated with Scala™ (pyrimethanil), and AdamentTM (tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) alternated with ScalaTM. The LWM was also tested in the Butte Co. orchard in 2011 and it was very effective in discriminating between the highest and moderate risk infection events from rain events of low risk. MerivonTM and Pristine® were the most effective fungicides for controlling Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight. Other effective fungicides included Luna SensationTM, Luna ExperienceTM (fluopyram + tebuconazole), Quilt XcelTM (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) and Quadris TopTM. Also effective were Ph-DTM (polyoxin D), ScalaTM, and Quash174; (metaconazole).


This study analyzed the ways of expressing materials to create visual perception spaces in "commercial spaces". The result is as follows. First, it has been discovered that expressing materials in commercial spaces plays an important role in creating various visual perception spaces as well as discriminative spaces, in commercial spaces. Hence, it will be necessary to make a multilateral study on how you can express materials to create visual perception spaces. Second, by referring to earlier studies, four types of space have been deduced as visual perception spaces. These are: "expansion", "central", "borderline" and "decoration" spaces. Third, by considering the space types and characteristics as well as the expressing materials, the criteria for the ways of expressing materials to create visual perception spaces in commercial spaces. Finally, looking at these expression methods, images of "expansion" spaces have most commonly been expressed indistinctly by using the materials and patterns. The profound images of "central" spaces were displayed using the materials and their symbolic images have been shown using the materials and colors. In the "borderline" spaces, the areas have been distinctly segmented or expressed in limited spaces by using the materials and colors. Visual designs were displayed in the "decoration" spaces by using materials from other space fields. All these phenomena have demonstrated that various new materials are being used to create various distinctive designs in commercial spaces. The result of this study shall act as basic reference materials in devising visual designs needed in creating various visual perception spaces.


Diploma thesis Comparative analysis of King Matjaž in slovenian and hungarian literature and his popularisation beyond literature consists of several chapters.
In the initial chapters I present characteristics of literary folklore and King Matjaž in slovenian and hungarian folk tradition and literature. The latter is theoretical starting point for understanding the fundamental chapter of the first part of diploma thesis, namely the comparison of King Matjaž motifs in slovenian and hungarian folk tradition and literature.
The following chapters focus on the frequency of the King Matjaž motif in the curriculum for the slovenian language and its presence in readers, textbooks and workbooks from 1st to 9th grade.

The last chaper is devoted to popularization and canonization of King Matjaž motifs beyond literature. It presents motif of King Matjaž in art, naming institutions, societies, events, projects and locations after him and other denominations that do not belong in these categories.


Proposed geothermal power plants utilizing hot dry rock in Australia are all located in remote areas which are characterised with scarce water and frequent dust storm. Fouling on air-cooled heat exchangers is a major concern for these power plants planning to use dry cooling systems. The paper presents dust monitoring systems installed in the Innamincka geothermal power plant to collect continuous real time dust data for the maintenance planning of the Geodynamics' power plant and for future research on air-side heat exchanger fouling by Queensland Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence (QGECE), especially for the fouling study on metal foam heat exchanger.


Knowing when a process has changed would simplify the search for and identification of the special cause. Consequently, having an estimate of the process change point following a control chart signal would be useful to process engineers. Much of the literature on change point models and techniques for statistical process control applications consider processes well modelled by the normal distribution. However, the Poisson distribution is commonly used in industrial quality control applications for modelling attribute-based process quality characteristics (e.g., counts of non-conformities). Some commonly used control charts for monitoring Poisson distributed data are the Poisson cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts. In this paper, we study the effect of changes in the design of the control chart on the performances of the change point estimators offered by these procedures. In particular, we compare root mean square error performances of the change point estimators offered by the Poisson CUSUM and EWMA control charts relative to that achieved by a maximum likelihood estimator for the process change point. Results indicate that the relative performance achieved by each change point estimator is a function of the corresponding control chart design. Relative mean index plots are provided to enable users of these control charts to choose a control chart design and change point estimator combination that will yield robust change point estimation performance across a range of potential change magnitudes.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of BCRP gene and drug resistance in patients with AML.Methods The expression of BCRP gene in 54 AML and multidrug resistence transporter P-glycoprotein(MDR1) gene in 8 AML patients were examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).MCF7 cell lines and HL60 cell lines were used as reference standard for BCRP and MDR1 respectively.β-actin were used as the internal control.Results The positivity rate of BCRP gene expressed in patients with AML was high.The variation of expression level was observed.The magnitude order of expression level was as follows: the control group,complete remission(CR) group,newly diagnosed/drug-sensitive group and relapsed group.The expression level of BCRP mRNA and the positive rate of BCRP in relapased group was significantly higher than that in the control group and in the CR group(P0.01 and P0.05 respectively). Conclusion AML patients are of elevated expression of BCRP gene which are no linear relation with that of MDR1.The excessive expression of that might induce drug resistance and might be an unfavorable factor for AML patients.


David Cameron has pledged to hold a referendum on the UK's EU membership if his Conservative party wins a majority at the British general election in May. Jo Murkens writes on the impact an EU referendum would have on the UK's place in Europe and on the UK as a whole. He argues that the EU referendum debate highlights the extent to which the UK has failed to contribute to the EU's political goals in key areas like the Ukraine crisis, and that the net effect of the referendum could be to weaken the unity of the United Kingdom itself.


1 DEVICE IS INTENDED FOR FIXING A WINDOW ON A HARD PART 2 3. THIS INCLUDES 2 GLASS TO ITS PERIPHERY CORD 5 CONCERNING MELT. DEVICE INCLUDES 1 PROFILE 9 PLASTIC WHICH IS STILL A STRONG AND HEATING ELEMENT 10 METAL ELASTIC sUBSTANTIALLY IN SECTION U ONE 10A WINGS OF THIS ELEMENT 10 IS SET AT 9 PROFILE AND ONE WING 10B IS FREE IN RELATION TO THIS PROFILE IN ORDER TO FORM WITH IT A CLAMP CAN ENGAGE ELASTICALLY ON THE WALL OF RIGID FRAME 3 8. USE PARTICULARLY FOR BONDING THE WINDSHIELD AND REAR GLASSES OF AUTOMOBILES.


The plasma display panel (PDP) as a medium of large format TV is gaining attention due to its high performance and scalability. The performance and life, or stability, of a PDP is strongly related to the nature of phosphors. Life and persistence are the main concerns in Mn-activated zinc silicate and barium-aluminate-based green phosphors. The preparation and characterization of terbium-activated-yttrium borate (YBO 3 :Tb 3+ ), gadolinium borate (Y,GdBO 3 :Tb 3+ ), lanthanum phosphate (LaPO 4 :Tb 3+ ), yttrium phosphate (YPO 4 :Tb 3+ ), and their blends with Mn-activated zinc silicate and barium aluminate phosphors are presented. Despite high quantum efficiency, Mn-activated phosphors have a higher persistence (>10 ms). The persistence (10%) of Tb 3+ -activated phosphors ranges from 8 to 10 ms, required for typical TV operation. AC PDPs (42 in.) were made with conventional zinc silicate- and Tb-activated borate phosphors. Their optical characteristics, as well as the life of the phosphors, were studied over 2 years of continuous operation. The data reveals that borate-based phosphor is stable and also improves the uniformity of discharge characteristics in ac PDPs. To overcome the blue peak and take advantage of higher lifetime and lower persistence of yttrium borate, blends of zinc silicate and yttrium borate or barium aluminate and yttrium borate phosphors are studied and their luminescent characteristics are presented. The advantage of using these blends in PDPs is discussed.


Thank you for downloading the world on one leg. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this the world on one leg, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. the world on one leg is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the world on one leg is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Volodymyr Starosolsky's walk of living was traditional for many people of the Polish-Ukrainian border, who lived at the end of the XIX and early XX century. Oftentimes they «discovered» their nationality, whether it was Polish or Ukrainian, only in the forthcoming century. That happened by virtue of motivation that arose from the reminiscence of family traditions or was influenced by the environment, often while studying at school or university. What were the consequences of such choice? How did people treat the past of their predecessors and the nation which their ancestors were identified to? Did they separate at last becoming anti-Polonists, or becoming to be Ukrainian patriots, did they try to save the legacy and respect to people, whom they consciously separated from? Except the choice of Ukrainian nationality and undeniable Ukrainian patriotism Volodymyr Starosolsky had never showed his anti-Polonism views. For this reason he had a considerable respect in the Polish governmental, political and intellectual environment. Volodymyr Starosolsky was a typical representative of border communities. Such people often coming from mixed families at a particular moment of their lives faced a dilemma what nationality to choose. Some like Starosolsky, chose the Ukrainian one (which was generally not against Polish nationality of his sister Jadwiga), others like Yevheniush Barvinsky chose Polish nationality. Starosolsky always believed that dialogue is the best form of solutions to mutual conflicts in the Polish-Ukrainian relations. Consequently, also in the second half of the thirties (of XX century) he visited informal meetings on Ukrainian issues in Poland, organized by the Polish politicians.


The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between emotion work (emotional labour), emotional intelligence, organisational factors (job autonomy, supervisor and co-worker support) and well-being (burnout and engagement) of secondary educators. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A non-probability convenience sample (n=257) was taken from educators in high schools from the Pretoria Region in the Gauteng Province. The Schune Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS), The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (English version) (OBLI), Scales from the Frankfurt Emotion Work Scales (FEWS), and the Organisational Factor Scale (OF) were administered. The Product-Moment regression coefficients showed exhaustion to be positively correlated to negative emotion work and mental distance, and negatively correlated to engagement, job autonomy and supervisor support. Engagement was positively related to mood regulation/optimism, emotion managementlsocial skills, supervisor support and co-worker support. The regression analysis showed that in the education profession, the presence of emotion work, supervisor support and mood regulationloptimism can predict a level of engagement. The presence of negative emotion work without supervisor support and a lack of job autonomy can predict exhaustion and without support from the environment or job resources negative emotion work reinforces mental distance.


Abstract In the immediate post-war period of Italian cinema, Anna Magnani emerges as icon of a nation struggling with its recent past. Unlike most cinematic divas, however, Magnani is not lauded or cast for her great beauty. It is mainly her voice that directors mobilize to represent Rome, the working class, and a culture in transition. This article argues that Magnani's skilled manipulation of her own authorial voice also outlines the struggles inherent to female identity as shaped by the cinema. Specifically addressing Magnani's role in Bellissima (Visconti, 1951), the article identifies the diva as a disruptive force, particularly in the realm of sound, contending that Visconti employs Magnani's powerful vocal presence to articulate his disappointment with the increasing superficiality of Italian cinema in the 1950s. More broadly, the article encourages a reinterpretation of the cinematic diva that would lead to a shift in feminist film criticism: the prioritization of female vocal presence above visual lack in order finally to project authentic representations of female identity in film.


This paper introduces the two newly emerged patent search platforms in America and their obvious characteristics,and expounds the PCT patent applications of commonly used free WIPO patent database and the functional improvement of the European Property Rights Bureau's patent database Esp@cenet.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to the fibers treated to enhance the permeability of the absorbent structure that is prepared from the fiber. Furthermore, the present invention is, fibers treated with a polyvalent metal ion-containing compound for use in the produced absorbent structure in such fibers, and to absorbent products containing such absorbent structures. In particular, the present invention is to provide a fiber coupled with polyvalent cations containing compounds exhibiting ion extraction factor of at least 5%, the absorbent structure comprising a superabsorbent polymer particles, said fibers, at least 25 % of indicates ion extraction factor, the polyvalent cation is present in an amount of up to at most 5 wt% than 0.25% by weight of the fibers, the transition metal ions, the group in particular made of aluminum, iron, tin, and mixtures thereof It is selected from.


The Nymphaeales (water lilies) clade has diverged as the second branch in the tree of angiosperms and is composed of the three families Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae and Hydatellaceae. Extant species diversity is constituted by 82 species, about half of which belong to the nearly globally distributed genus Nymphaea. DNA sequence datasets of multiple non-coding and rapidly evolving regions from all three genomic compartments (ca. 8 kb of sequence per taxon) for a dense sampling of Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales and Amborella were examined. In an attempt to review the literature on water lilies of the past decades a matrix comprising 62 morphological characters was generated. The crown group of extant Nymphaeales is supported by a series of synapomorphies, several of which have evolved in line with the acquisition of herbaceous habits and adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle such as the loss of cambium and sclerenchyma. Further innovations evolved subsequently within the diversification of the water lily crown group such as hydropotes, or an aril as floating device for the seeds in core Nymphaeaceae that have evolved fruits ripening under water. Both Hydatellaceae and Cabombaceae exhibit many derived features that in part may be explained as adaptations to anemophily. The Nymphaeaceae are supported as monophyletic by most character partitions, including morphology, as are Nuphar and Barclaya as successive sisters to the core Nymphaeacae (Nymphaea, Ondinea, Euryale, Victoria). Parsimony analysis of the morphological dataset alone yielded a well resolved and statistically supported tree. Ondinea appears as a close relative of the Australian subg. Anecphya clade within Nymphaea by all genomic compartments and morphology. Earlier hypotheses of Nymphaea being paraphyletic to the Euryale-Victoria clade are inferred in nuclear trees, albeit with low support. Different morphological characters equivocally support a position of the Euryale-Victoria clade as sister to the subg. Hydrocallis-Lotus clade within Nymphaea or as sister to all species of Nymphaea. The diversification of the water lily clade is further characterized by a trend towards increased complexity in floral architecture.


In this report we evaluate, for the first time, the surface of a complete set of rocks use by Boojum in two exposure periods of the Waste Rock Experiment (WRD) in order to gather more basic information for the passivation concept comprehension.


Annual unification production evaluation is one of the most important problems in the procession of economic growth in China.Based on field investigation and data selection of the impact factors to the land quality and benefit,this paper gets yearly unification production in Bazhou district of Sichuan Province,P.R.China,and subregional yearly unification production by using the geographical information system(GIS) method.The obtained result indicates that the units with 60-80 points are predominant in yearly unification production.And this well showed the spatial distribution of yearly unification production on farming land use in Bazhou,also it supports the official management of land use and land imposing.


The majority of Member States have implemented the European Directive on Private Damages Actions for Breach of Competition Law, into their respective law, albeit with some delay. In particular,…


Efficient computing algorithms based on division of an electromagnetic process in the stream R/spl tau/ grids in two independent processes are analyzed. It is shown that on the basis of the 12-parametric algorithm one can generate 2 variants of the 6-parametric algorithms: with usage of a half of the nodes or a half of the ports. A new more efficient 3-parametrical algorithm is found on the basis of combination of ideas of the mentioned algorithms, where a half of the ports and a half of the nodes are used.


Problem statement: A worm is a malicious piece of code that self-prop agates, often via network connections, to exploit security flaws in c omputers connected through the network. In general, worms do not need any human intervention to propagate and are considered a real threat to network assets and the properties of organizations. An Intr usion Detection Systems (IDSs) are employed to detect the presence of the worms in the network. Approach: This study proposed a new behaviour- based worm detection and signature automation approach that consists of scanning characteristics to find vulnerable hosts and indicate the correlation between an infected host and potential destination hosts. Results: This approach can be distinguish between network s canning (random and sequential TCP and UDP worm scanning) triggered by infected and non-infected hosts. In addition, the ability to detect the worms based on its behaviours. Conclusion: Identifying network worms at an early stage can increase the protection of network services and vulnerable hosts.


This paper examines the influence of steel fibres on the blast performance of normal-strength concrete and high-strength concrete columns. As part of the study, four normal-strength and high-strength concrete columns built with and without steel fibres are tested under simulated blast loads using the shock-tube facility at the University of Ottawa. The specimens include two columns built with plain concrete and two columns built with steel fibre-reinforced concrete. The results show that the addition of steel fibres in reinforced concrete columns leads to important enhancements in blast performance, with improved control of mid-span displacements at equivalent blasts and increased damage tolerance.


Bio-sludge cakes are products of a Sludge Drying Plant (SDP). It is considered as the final processing facility of Effluent Treatment System (ETS) before it is sent out for final disposal. Process disturbances can contribute to the amount of dry solid produced. The resultant of the dry solid produced can tremendously affect the overall process costs. Suitable sludge management can indeed reduce the overall process costs through improvement of the processing capability of the plant. This paper focuses on how cost and sludge management correlates in which improvement on the process capability can affect the cost of the plant. Parameter optimization for the SDP through identification on the current performance through actual process data analysis and identification of the subsystems are factors that contribute to the overall performance. On disposal, Kualiti Alam, a body appointed for disposal purposes, will charge the dried cake sludge based on the weight, however, not on the content. Therefore it is only sensible to export the dried cake at maximum dryness.


NST is increasingly being used to introduce a graft-versus-malignancy (GVM) effect with reduced regimen related toxicity. The first NST protocol, which accrued patients (pts) between 9/01 and 7/04, 39 pts with high risk/relapsed/refractory hematopoietic malignancies who were not candidates for full intensity allogeneic SCT underwent NST using Pentostatin/TBI. Their median age was 52 years (range 22–70). The median number of prior therapies was 4 (range 0–8) including prior autologous SCT in 22 pts. Conditioning consisted of Pentostatin 4 mg/m2 daily on day -21, -20, and -19, followed by 200 cGy TBI on day -1. The second protocol, between 10/04 and 6/06, 24 pts received the same conditioning regime on days -10, -9, and -8, and TBI on day -1. The median age of these pts was 59.5 years (range 36–70) and the median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 0–6). Post-grafting immunosuppression was cyclosporine (CsA)/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In the both protocols CsA 2.0 mg/kg IV q12 hrs was administered on days -1, 0, and +1 and then converted to oral 5 mg/kg PO BID with a taper beginning on day +70. In the second protocol pts with unrelated donor transplants remain on CsA until day + 100. MMF at 15 mg/kg PO BID was administered on days 0–27 for related donor transplants in both protocols and in the second protocol this was extended until day +40 for the unrelated donor transplants. Results: In the day -21 protocol SCTs were from matched related (n=14) or unrelated (n=25) donors. The cumulative incidence of all grades of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day 100 was 40% and was more common in unrelated donor transplants (60% vs. 15%). In the day -10 protocol, SCT was performed with products from matched related (n=8) or unrelated (n=16) donors. The cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD was approximately XX% (XX% in related versus XX% in unrelated donors). In both protocols, the median chimerism values for CD3+ cells and WBC at day 28 were >80% and 90% donor cells, respectively and T, B and NK lymphocyte frequency and numbers were identical at protocol entry. One day following TBI conditioning there was a 32% depression in CD3+ cells in the day -21 protocol that was partially recovered on days 28 and 70 post transplant (27% and 16% respectively). In the day -10 protocol there was a 45% depression in the frequency of CD3+ cells (p Conclusions: There appears to be a trend for a lower incidence of acute GVHD in the day -10 protocol, which can be associated with a reduction in the frequency of circulating T cells. This significantly greater reduction in T cell frequency, observed one day following TBI and 28 days post transplant, is directly associated with the timing of transplant relative to pentostatin conditioning as the post-grafting immunosuppression was similar between the two protocols at these time points.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an age‐related neurological disease, characterized by neurofilament (NF) accumulation in primary axons followed by degeneration of motor neurons. To elucidate age‐related factors that might lead to pathological NF accumulation, NFs were compared between young and aged rats. Electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve axons revealed that NFs were more than twice as densely packed in aged rat axons (542 ± 180 NFs/mm2) as in young adult rat axons (211 ± 73 NFs/mm2). The NFs isolated from aged rats also appeared to be more aggregated than those from young rats. Phosphorylation at the head or tail domains was studied as a possible candidate affecting NF organization. Western blotting with phosphorylation‐dependent antibodies showed higher phosphorylation of NF‐H in the tail domains of aged rat spinal cord NFs, but dephosphorylation did not diminish the differences in aggregation between aged and young rat NFs. On the other hand, when NFs were phosphorylated by A‐kinase on their head domains, the extent of phosphorylation in NF‐M of aged rat NFs was only one‐third of young rat NFs. We found that aged rat NFs contained only 60% of the NF‐M of young rat NFs in molar ratio compared to NF‐L. These results raise a possibility that the decreased amount of NF‐M induces the aggregates of isolated NFs and the higher packing density of NF in aged rat axons. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:337–348, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.