Sustainability is essential for environment and this allows the businesses to stay competitive in the global market. In recent days, importance of constructing energy efficient building is increasing day to day to foster sustainable business practice and reduce environmental impacts. With the help of green technology and alternative energy source firms ensure greater success in terms of less energy consumption and greater profit. All the aspects related to the traits of energy efficient build has been discussed here. The study has been depicted the principle and practices of the energy efficient building practices. Optimization methods also have been discussed over here. Implication of renewable energy technologies in the energy efficient building practices also has been depicted in this study that focuses on the impact of energy efficient buildings in reducing environmental pollution. CSR initiatives of globalized organizations have been impacted with the effect of energy efficient building practices. Renewable energies, reuse of energies and recycling of energies also have been influenced by the energy efficient building practices that also have been focused here. Keyword : Energy Efficient Building, Renewable Energy, Sustainability.


Construction law gave birth to a policy aimed at realizing the substantive criminal policy. Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics is a substantive criminal policy, which is accompanied by a variety of national and international cooperation agreements, as well as the enforcement of criminal law as a policy does not make the reduction in the number of empirical narcotic crime statistics kriminal. Terbukti, in the Annual Report of the Supreme Court of the Republic Indonesia Year 2014 and 2015 in narcotic cases are the first in the qualification cassation cases. State criminal policy does not formulate substantive philosophical convictions, sentencing guidelines and the formulation of criminal sanctions principal alternative character, as well as the absence of a social kind of criminal sanctions. In the criminal policies empirical application of criminal sanctions are likely to be low and can not be used as a deterrent factor and shock therapy


The article describes the problems of existing approaches to the collection, processing andanalysis of data from the information and communication sector of the enterprise. The threatsof abnormal internal and external influences on its objects and systems are considered. An original method for forming a decentralized registry of the enterprise information infrastructureevents is reviewed. The scientific novelty of the proposed solution lies in the automatic management of local and network information processes of technical objects based on data from adecentralized blockchain storage with a trust management system for recorded events. Decision making is based on objective and verified information. Another aspect of innovation is theprofiling of access to information and the protection of the data transfer process based ongroup as well as iterative multilayer encryption. The article is a logical continuation of the authors' work on a decentralized approach to the collection and processing of data from the enterprise information infrastructure. The development and research of the system for detecting,preventing intrusions and falsifying the event register based on the proposed approach for integration as a module of the system of intelligent adaptive management of the enterprise network infrastructure is reviewed.


Arjasa Health Center is a health center in a remote area in the Kangean Islands, Sumenep Regency. The distance from the Arjasa health center to the referral hospital is 88 miles (142 km). The only access to the referral hospital is by sea. The length of the sea journey to the referral hospital from the Arjasa health center is 9-10 hours. Cases of penetrating trauma at the Arjasa Health Center in 2021 were eight patients. All the penetrating trauma patients after the primary and secondary surveys at the Arjasa Public Health Center were then referred to a referral hospital in Sumenep Regency. This study aims to explain nurses ' experience in treating and referring penetrating trauma patients at the Arjasa Public Health Center. The method in this study uses qualitative research with a hermeneutic phenomenological study approach which is analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results of the study found nine themes: 1) feeling afraid that the patient's condition would worsen when referred, 2) limited advice and infrastructure at the puskesmas, 3) the situation and condition of the patient who had to be referred, 4) weather conditions when referring, 5) the distance from the referring hospital, 6) the presence of surgeon specialists at the puskesmas, 7) the completeness of supporting facilities and infrastructure, 8) improving the status of the puskesmas and 9) increasing the skills of nurses. The theme explains the feelings, challenges and hopes of nurses working at the Arjasa Public Health Center.


The object of this paper was to investigate the evaluation of intensive use of urban land.The authors hold that intensive use of urban land is the core of urban land management.It is necessary to establish a scientific intensive evaluation system for effective management of urban land.Based on the definition of urban land intensive use,and utilizing index data of urban land use in Urumqi City,the paper selects the corresponding evaluation index system to make a quantitative analysis of intensivism extent of urban land use and expects a comparative exact conclusion through the comparative appraisal among many cities.According to the practical land use of Urumqi City as well the result of appraisal,the paper offers measures to improve intensive use of urban land.


The invention discloses a method for extracting nickel and molybdenum from nickel-molybdenum ore, comprising the following steps of: (a) in the presence of an oxidizing agent, leaching the finely-ground nickel-molybdenum ore from an acid solution and filtering to obtain a leachate, wherein the oxidizing agent is sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate; (b) adding a first alkaline compound in the leachate, adjusting the pH value of the leachate to be 1.5-3.5 and filtering to respectively obtain a precipitation and a supernate; (c) adding a second alkaline compound in the supernate, adjusting thepH value of the supernate to be 5-7 and filtering to obtain a nickel-containing compound; and (d) leaching the precipitation in an alkali liquor, filtering to obtain a molybdenum-containing leachate,and extracting and re-extracting the molybdenum-containing leachate to obtain a molybdenum-containing compound. By using the method, the sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate is used as the oxidizingagent, the higher leaching rate of the nickel and molybdenum and the higher recovery rate of the nickel and molybdenum can be obtained.


From Campbell College, Belfast, Robert Darragh Montgomery won a scholarship to study Medicine at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and later at the Middlesex Hospital, London. He developed an interest in tropical medicine during his short service commission with the Royal Air Force (1951-54,) when he was stationed with the Rhodesian Air Training Group in Bulawayo. This he developed in Kingston, Jamaica, where in 1956 he was appointed to the scientific staff at the Medical Research Council in the tropical …


Fat Graft Enrichment Strategies: A Systematic Review Sir: W read with great interest the recent systematic review by Vyas et al.1 in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery that provides surgeons with some strategies for fat graft enrichment. We compliment the authors on the excellent results shown, and would also like to express some considerations regarding the strategies of platelet-rich plasma and growth factors. Actually, platelet concentrates, mostly represented by platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and concentrated growth factor, have been known as autologous blood-derived therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine. Platelet-rich plasma preparation is complicated with a two-step centrifugation and are not standardized because of variability in blood sample collection, centrifugation tube materials, centrifuges, and centrifugation force/time. Animal-derived thrombin additives are required in platelet-rich plasma preparation. However, without any additives, the preparation of platelet-rich fibrin or concentrated growth factor is simplified with one step and is standardized. Different from platelet-rich plasma, both platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor contain porous fibrin scaffolds that provide temporal nesting matrix for platelets and leukocytes. Fibrin scaffolds also protect growth factors from proteolysis and ultimately prolong bioactive duration, helping deliver growth factors "on demand" and reducing risks of inflammatory responses. Furthermore, platelet-rich fibrin or concentrated growth factor might contain higher levels of growth factors than platelet-rich plasma. Some preclinical and clinical studies3,4 have also demonstrated that both platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor were more effective for improving fat graft survival compared with platelet-rich plasma. Considering the merits listed above, both platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor are potential strategies for fat graft enrichment. Therefore, we recommend that platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor should also be included to achieve a thorough review and to popularize use of platelet concentrates. Second, the authors thought platelet-rich plasma had the strongest evidence to support efficacy, possibly by means of a dose-dependent effect. However, in this review, there were two studies reporting conflicting results. We are concerned that the management of platelet-rich plasma use might be difficult. The functions of recombinant growth factors are clear and their concentration is controllable and manageable in clinical practice, avoiding side effects caused by supraphysiologic concentration. Platelet-rich plasma is just a concentrated pool combining various growth factors with platelets and leukocytes. The concentration of each growth factor within platelet-rich plasma is little known. Excessive platelet concentration might cause desensitization and down-regulation of growth factor receptors and apoptosis. Leukocytes are known to stimulate proinflammatory and catabolic effects by releasing inflammatory factors. We want to know whether the function of platelet-rich plasma listed in Table 1 is the simple sum of each function of growth factors, platelets, and leukocytes. Besides, the studies included in the review had some variabilities in platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols, which consequently caused heterogeneity in the components of platelet-rich plasma. It is doubtful whether the conflicting results of plateletrich plasma use demonstrated in this review were attributable to adverse functions of leukocytes and excessive platelet concentration or the heterogeneity in the components of platelet-rich plasma. We thank the authors for summarizing some strategies for fat graft enrichment. To make best use of platelet concentrates, we anticipate that both plateletrich fibrin and concentrated growth factor will also be considered as enrichment strategies. The integrated functions of platelet-rich plasma and the reasons for conflicting results are worth further investigation.


Abstract : ATC attrition rates have been investigated recently for sex differences in the proportion of trainees completing FAA Academy training; the percentage of women who subsequently left ATC work was twice that of men. In the present comparison, questionnaires concerning aspects of job-related attitudes were given to 56 male and 56 female former trainees (attritions) who were matched on several variables, and also to a sample of controllers (63 women and 63 matched men) who entered training at the same time as the attritions, but who were still in ATC work (Retentions). The results are reported.


Sweden uses pure drinking water for all household areas such as flushing toilets, watering the lawn and so on. This can be seen as a waste and stormwater can therefore be used instead to save resources. When rainwater is going to be used, different possibilities exist. A rainwater tank can be used to collect water from roofs and store it in a sealed tank. A stormwater pond can be used which collects water from a large area, where the water comes from roofs, drainage, and other surfaces. Rainwater tanks is often used abroad but the use of a stormwater pond for the use of rainwater is rare. A literature study with descriptions of both the use and design has therefore been analysed and it has been discovered that there are no technical obstacles and no laws or regulations that could be an obstacle for using either a rainwater tank or a stormwater pond for the use of rainwater in toilets. The study has concluded that the rainwater tank have environmental advantages but is not financially viable in a reasonable time period. The stormwaterpond on the other hand have more environmental advantages and the investment can become viable within a reasonable time period which can show decision-makers and politicians that it can be a good idea to install this system for the use of stormwater to save water and, by extension, money. (Less)


Significance Structural studies of membrane proteins by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) often require antibody fragments (Fabs) to facilitate particle alignments and achieve high resolution. While conformational nanobodies have been developed to lock specific states of many membrane proteins, they only add 15 kDa of mass to the complex. We developed a synthetic Fab (NabFab) that rigidly binds the conserved scaffold of nanobodies, providing a universally applicable fiducial for cryo-EM studies of protein–nanobody complexes. We demonstrate the concept by determining two high-resolution structures of membrane proteins bound to specific nanobodies and NabFab. As the structural epitope for NabFab can be incorporated into the scaffold of virtually any nanobody, this raises the prospect of facile structure determination of many nanobody–protein complexes. With conformation-specific nanobodies being used for a wide range of structural, biochemical, and cell biological applications, there is a demand for antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) that specifically and tightly bind these nanobodies without disturbing the nanobody–target protein interaction. Here, we describe the development of a synthetic Fab (termed NabFab) that binds the scaffold of an alpaca-derived nanobody with picomolar affinity. We demonstrate that upon complementary-determining region grafting onto this parent nanobody scaffold, nanobodies recognizing diverse target proteins and derived from llama or camel can cross-react with NabFab without loss of affinity. Using NabFab as a fiducial and size enhancer (50 kDa), we determined the high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of nanobody-bound VcNorM and ScaDMT, both small membrane proteins of ∼50 kDa. Using an additional anti-Fab nanobody further facilitated reliable initial three-dimensional structure determination from small cryo-EM test datasets. Given that NabFab is of synthetic origin, is humanized, and can be conveniently expressed in Escherichia coli in large amounts, it may be useful not only for structural biology but also for biomedical applications.


Apart from the scientific unknowns and techno‐ logical barriers that complicate the development of medical neuroimaging applications, various relevant actors might have different ideas on what is considered advancement or progress in this field. To this end we conducted 17 semi‐ structured interviews to identify visions of socie‐ tal actors in the Netherlands regarding future medical neuroimaging applications. We show how the contextual aspects of potential applica‐ tions and underlying features of the ideal health system determine their desirability. Neuroimag‐ ing developments are perceived as innovations that will optimise the current health system or as opportunities to change existing structures and practices of the current health system more radi‐ cally. Insights into and understanding of these visions, which guide actions in practice, showed incongruence between visions of societal actors regarding desirable clinical neuroimaging use and potential conflicting visions regarding the embedding of neuroimaging applications. We conclude that it is possible to prospectively identify incongruent visions and analyse when these visions will most likely come into conflict with each other. Such an analysis might provide a relfective space, beyond personal and poltical interest, suitable as a starting point for joint reflection and mutual learning in order to manage clinical neuroimaging innovations towards more responisble applications.


A TLC method for the analysis of tetracycline hag been used to dertermine the main component and impurities of several commercial samples of the drug on eight types of silica gel plate. Analysis of variance showed the absence of between-layer bias and consistent layer-sample interactions.


Biomass as a sustainable and renewable energy source is starting to gain momentum, especially as more economical energy extraction methods prevail. Supercritical water biomass gasification (SCWBG) is one of the more promising methods to extract energy from biomass in a gaseous form due to its lower temperature and simpler setup. In this work, two biomass samples (considered livestock feed) and two biomass waste samples are gasified in supercritical water (SCW). To compare the gasification of the real biomass samples (beat skin and straw) to previous works on model biomass compounds, two temperature states (hence different water densities) were used during gasification. An increase in temperature and decrease in water density was found to have similar effects on real biomass compared to that of model compounds. As temperature increases and water density decreases, combustible gas yields tend to increase due to changes in reaction pathways and reaction rates. In this work an analytical comparison is also made between the four different types of biomass in terms of which produce the most combustible gases and of which will generate the most energy. As a result of this analysis beet skins produce the most methane and corn silage yields the most hydrogen. It is the two bio-waste products, however, that generated the largest higher heating values (HHV).© 2014 ASME


Multiculturalism, as a demographic fact, is not something one can be for or against; cultural differences exist (as do similarities) and they shape and are shaped by the contexts they inhabit. One could, on the other hand, be for or against theoretical multiculturalism — that is, one could be for or against the idea that demographic multiculturalism can (or should) be translated into a philosophical problem and considered from the perspective of principles and values. Pragmatists are not against theoretical multiculturalism per se, but we are against the idea that this kind of social knowledge has direct consequences for the practices that are its subject. Faith in theory's ability to have an unmediated impact on practices located elsewhere, or theory hope as Stanley Fish aptly calls it, belongs to philosophers who believe that theory exists prior to practice and that it enters practice from without to regulate behavior within. To assume that academic theory has uninterrupted access to practices elsewhere is to assume that theory travels without the aide of interpretation. Pragmatists reject this idea because, in our view, all practices are interpretative. When and where an idea emigrates, therefore, its consequences will necessarily be indirect because it will be viewed through the evaluative lens of those who occupy its new community.


This report focuses on extending the object-oriented world model by a behaviour model for its representatives. The world model in general is used as a foundation for fusing multiple sensor sources into one coherent picture. It should enable other services to access the stored information for further processing, e.g. for recognizing suspicious situations in surveillance tasks. While the base model is able to capture the real world entities by translating them into representatives while incorporating background-knowledge in form of concepts, it is not able to predict the behaviour of these representatives. Here, a concept based on intelligent rational agents is introduced.


On the basis of a brief introduction to the origins and development trends of copyright protection,this paper lists some potential copyright risks in the service of library,and puts forward some measures for defusing these copyright risks.


The study investigates what any relationship between R&D and GDP exists under frequency domain instead of time domain. We use the empirical methods of co-spectra analysis for providing exact relationship between R&D and economic activity. The study contributes empirical evidence for theoretical connection of R&D based economic growth and business cycle. Our study results are such as: (i) during the business cycle, there exists high positive relationship among three countries. (ii) Compared with U.S. and Japan, our economy experiences the low positive relationship in all economic frequency bands. (iii) Our country evidence, however, shows the similar to that of U.S. (iv) All mentioned results are different according to what kinds of filtering methods are used. We, therefore, suggest that R&D management system be changed to implement a close connection with all R&D component process.


PURPOSE: A fluid treatment system is provided to secure a high-efficiency fluid system making use of a treatment medium having a large particle size to permit a high flow rate in normal layer depth. CONSTITUTION: A fluid treatment system comprises at least two cylindrical vessels. Each vessel contains at least one treatment medium selected from ion exchange resins, polymeric adsorbents, inorganic adsorbents and activated carbon. Each vessel has at each end a flat head and a fractal liquid transfer manifold and the fluid treatment system comprises at least one membrane deaeration unit.


This contribution summarises the standard methodologies used to assess meat quality characteristics as applied at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria. It also compares the utility and validity of the various approaches to measure sensory quality of fresh meat in scientific experiments and indicates where major references for further consideration can be found.


ObjectiveTo investigate the effective nursing strategy on various psychological problems of patients with head and face chemical burn.MethodsVarious psychic reactions of 52 patients with head and face chemical burn were analyzed and mental nursing was taken to these patients.ResultsThe depression and anxious scores of patients at time of discharge were significantly declined compared with time of hospitalization(P0.01).ConclusionThe mental nursing can not only benefit to the improvement of patients' mental status but also make them optimum to accept treatment and nursing.


Every year, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) organises the Lung Science Conference (LSC) in Estoril, Portugal, to discuss basic and translational science. The topic of the LSC 2020 was "Metabolic alterations in lung ageing and disease". In addition to an outstanding scientific programme, the LSC provides excellent opportunities for career development and inclusion of Early Career Members (ECMs). All scientific and poster sessions are chaired by an ECM who is paired with a senior faculty member to allow ECMs to become acquainted with session chairing. In addition, 40 travel bursaries are made available to abstract authors and all bursary recipients are invited to take part in a mentorship lunch. Moreover, there is a session organised by the Early Career Members Committee (ECMC) dedicated to career development. Here, we describe the scientific highlights of LSC 2020 for those who could not attend. The Lung Science Conference 2020 brought together leading experts in the field to discuss the latest cutting-edge science, as well as various career development opportunities for early career members https://bit.ly/2XZ5YGQ


The shortcomings of conventional separate placement and global routing becomes more prevalent for analogue integrated circuits that often involve complex constraints. The paper presents a novel two-stage placement technique to solve the analogue macro-cell placement problem. The entire placement procedure is divided into global placement and detailed placement. During the global placement, a hybrid genetic placement approach using a half-perimeter net-length estimator is employed. It performs a rough and quick search to locate the region of the optimum. In the detailed placement, a very fast simulated re-annealing placement approach and a minimum-Steiner-tree-based global routing are performed simultaneously. In this way, the optimum can be found by searching a relatively small region. The experiments show this promising algorithm, which provides the satisfactory results comparable to expert manual placements, can help generate higher quality layouts than conventional approaches.


Soil (pedosphere) is a natural, terrestrial body (sphere), a thin surface layer placed between the parent rock (lithosphere) and the atmosphere. The mineral component of soil is generated by processes of soil genesis: destruction and synthesis, removal and accumulation through the combined influences of water, air, temperature and different microand macro-lifeforms (flora and fauna). As all the factors of soil genesis in Croatia are highly varied in space and time, the soils of Croatia are very heterogeneous. The distribution of various soils depends on geomorphology—relief and topography, physical properties and chemical composition of parent rock, climatic conditions—daily and annual temperature variations, quantity, distribution and form of precipitation (leaching or accumulation of salt). A great influence on the distribution of soil types is plant cover, and to a greater or lesser extent sometimes the decisive influences are anthropogenic ones (Bašić 1976, 1982, 2009; Resulović et al. 2008). In soil as a natural, terrestrial milieu, plants as autotrophic organisms originate and it is where the life of all organisms, including heterotrophic organisms, ends. As a natural body, soil is a more complex medium than the other members of the ''ecological triad''—air and water. It may indeed be the most complex and dynamic system known to science. According to one theory the word ''chemistry'' is derived from ''al-kı̄mı̄ā,'' the ancient Egyptian name for Egypt (khem, khame, or khmi), meaning ''black soil'' of the Nile River, in contrast to the surrounding sandy desert (Zgorelec et al. 2012). Composed of mineral and organic, solid, liquid, and gaseous components, it contains large numbers of living organisms and plant roots and it is the medium which supports life in its broadest sense. Soil produces and contains all of the elements necessary to life, including air and water, which are movable systems, but the pedosphere is site-fixed and specific, and more stable than the other spheres. However, soil is a living system and it shows great variability in space and time (evolution) (Bašić and Franić 2003). Soil genesis is a very slow process. The slowness of soil genesis reflects the fact that, as it says in Montanarella (2007), the formation of 2-cm layer of soil in nature needs 500 years. The formation of a 30-cm-thick soil layer requires 1,000–10,000 years—for example chernozems, Croatia's most fertile soil around Ilok in western Syrmium so soil should be considered nonrenewable. A substrate widespread in Croatia is limestone and this is the slowest in terms of soil formation. Durn (2003) states that the formation of a 50-cm layer of red soil (terra rossa) around Umag in Istria takes up to 2 million years, while in that time 50-mhigh cretaceous limestone cliffs are dissolved. One can lose this layer if it is exposed to torrential rain for only one day! Compared to water, air or biota, soils are not known to humans, because they are hidden under their feet and they cannot use them in the way they use air, water, or biota. Soil is a very complex, living system, which has all the characteristics of an organism: it emerges, develops from stage to stage, and is therefore subject to evolution (soil evolution), whose speed depends on the lithological conditions— the parent material from which the mineral soil is derived and is generally faster on loose, but slower on hard rocks. As current users of the land, we actually find different stages of soil evolution on different parent materials. Although the soil is a renewable natural resource because it is constantly produced, due to its slowness of formation it is conditionally renewable, so Varallyay (2000, 2005) tentatively classified it as a renewable resource. Confirmation of the value and importance of soil is deeply engrained in the minds of Croatian men. Photo 2.1 shows the karst landscape near Primošten city in Dalmatia, which can be seen today at the UN headquarters in New York.


Abstract : This EA describes the potential environmental consequences resulting from a proposal to construct a consolidated communications facility in the North Base Support Area of Langley AFB. Nine resource categories received a thorough evaluation to identify potential impacts. During work, minor and temporary negative impacts would be seen in air quality, noise, and safety. Minor impacts would also be felt in the biological (wildlife), hazardous waste, and water resources. The placement of the communications facility at the proposed site would be consistent with the base General Plan, and the action is expected to improve the roads and transportation use in the area in the long-term. The action will lead to a temporary improvement in socioeconomics due to job creation, and this action and other related work would improve the aesthetic quality of the area. No long term environmental consequences are anticipated.


R van Kessel, O Stenvers, C Swaan Municipal Health Service Utrecht, Zeist, The Netherlands Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands Contact: email@example.com As Dutch travellers increasingly require rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of a series of five vaccinations plus administration of scarce and expensive human anti-rabies immune globulin (HRIG), we questioned the need for PEP after contact with rodents in rabies endemic areas. We performed a literature study on rabies identified in rodents and human cases related to contact with rodents. Rodents, lagomorphs and shrews do not function as a reservoir for classical rabies virus (RABV) or other Lyssaviruses (with the possible exception of Mokolavirus). Rodents are however, like all mammalian species, susceptible to infection with Lyssaviruses (spill-over) and theoretically might pass the virus onwards to other hosts. RABV has been found in various rodent species. In the USA, a country with an extensive surveillance system for wildlife rabies, RABV infection has been demonstrated in groundhogs, rats, squirrels, beavers and other rodents. Rabies in rodents has been reported in various other countries of the world, as in Czechoslovakia, Thailand, South Africa, Uganda, Russia and Zimbabwe. Therefore, we assume that rabid rodents may be found in any country where rabies is endemic. The transmission risk to humans by a rodent bite is extremely small. Literature reports only three rabies cases where the source of infection probably could be ascribed to a rodent bite or perhaps scratch. The fact that an association between human rabies and rodent bites has only very rarely been reported, while at least an estimated 2,000,000 cases of human rabies occurred worldwide from 1960 until now, is a clear indication that in practice rodents only very rarely or never form the source of rabies in people. Moreover, people who have been bitten by a rodent only rarely seek medical attention because of the minor nature of the injury, and thus, do not receive rabies PEP. In spite of at least 24.000 persons in the US being bitten by rodents annually, rodents have never been found to be a source of human rabies. An explanation can be that RABV in rodents, being an heterologous or 'dead end host' for rabies, cannot adequately replicate and transmit virus. Based on these findings, and after a consultation of international rabies experts, we conclude that rabies PEP is indicated only in rabies endemic areas if the biting rodent is sick of attacks spontaneously. Key messages Rabies risk after a rodent bite is extremely small. Rabies PEP after a rodent bite is seldom indicated. 7th European Public Health Conference: Saturday 22 November 2014 13:10-14:10 355


There is a real need for more clinician-friendlyscreening tools. In one of our programs, the coun-selors have combined the most effective and efficientparts of several instruments into our own hybridscreener. We also have tried CAAPE, the ComprehensiveAddictions and Psychological Evaluation developedby Dr. Norman Hoffman, which is designed specifically to diagnose co-occurring disorders, and it looks promising. Dr. Hoffman's screens, whichalso include one for adolescents, are available at


Following a damaging earthquake, "business interruption" (BI)—reduced production of goods and services—begins and continues long after the ground shaking stops. Economic resilience reduces BI losses by making the best use of the resources available at a given point in time (static resilience) or by speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction (dynamic resilience), in contrast to mitigation that prevents damage in the first place. Economic resilience is an important concept to incorporate into economic loss modeling and in recovery and contingency planning. Economic resilience framework includes the applicability of resilience strategies to production inputs and output, demand- and supply-side effects, inherent and adaptive abilities, and levels of the economy. We use our resilience framework to organize and share strategies that enhance economic resilience, identify overlooked resilience strategies, and present evidence and structure of resilience strategies for economic loss modelers. Numerous resilience strategies are compiled from stakeholder discussions about the ShakeOut Scenario (Jones et. al. 2008). Modeled results of ShakeOut BI sector losses reveal variable effectiveness of resilience strategies for lengthy disruptions caused by fire-damaged buildings and water service outages. Resilience is a complement to mitigation and may, in fact, have cost and all-hazards advantages.


This paper computes a quality adjusted price index for the personal computer CPU from 1996 to 2000. The index is based on the pure characteristics demand model. I first compute the quality adjusted price index for the whole market, and show that it is very comparable with the hedonic price index but more sensitive to changes in product quality. Two types of the hedonic index are considered. One is the dummy variable index and the other is the formulation in Pakes (2003). When I group consumers by their willingness to pay for attribute improvement, the index shows consumer groups are differently affected by their product choices.


Geometric distortion associated with underwater flat port housings considerably affects the accuracy of scene depth and visual pose estimation. To compensate for this, a new solution for the forward projection is proposed based on the refractive camera model and Taylor expansion. This allows for an easy integration of the flat refractive camera model into non-linear optimization problems like bundle adjustment.


Itiswell knownforalong timethat oscillation inacircuit canbesustained byusing aparametric action instead ofaconventional amplifier. Inthat case, theresonant circuit loss iscompensated byaperiodic change ofanoscillation loop parameter atanappropriate frequency (pumpaction). Themodulated parameter should be,forinstance, theseries capacitance ofaRLCresonant circuit byusing avaractor diode. Infact, this component basically operates asanoiseless reverse-biased junction expected tobeagoodcandidate foralow noise oscillator circuit design. Parametric amplifiers widely usedinthemicrowave domain aremuchless usedin theRFoscillator circuits, probably because their development leads toamoreinvolved circuitry andthelack of suitable simulation tools. Thepaper recalls theprinciple oftheparametric oscillator anexample ofwhich using a quartz resonator (PXO) will bepresented. Various methods usedtoanalyse thebehaviour ofthePXOarede- scribed, andcomparison between theory, simulation, andexperimental results arediscussed. Encouraging power spectral density ofphase noise fluctuations obtained sofar aredemonstrated.


English language has come to denote 'confusion,' 'ircomprehensibility,' 'impenetrability'. The examples of such a usage are many and varied: a Chinese puzzle (an intricate maze), Chinese revenge (doing a mischief to oneself to spite another), a Chinese flush in poker (a hand with no discernible sequence of pattern), a Chinese screwdriver (Australian slang for a 'hammer') and the ever popular Chinese firedrill (a college prank: stopped at a traffic signal, students leap from an automobile, run around in circles, and then as the light changes, they re-enter the automobile in an utterly different order, much to the perplexity of other motorists). The degree of difference between the western dominant sense of order and that prevalent in the Chinese world-view has plagued our encounter with this antique culture from the start. With Eurocentric savants seeking corroboration for our own universal indexes in the seventeenth century, we idealised China as


This paper proposes an active-clamp fly back dc-dc converter using an isolated transformer. This converter consists of two switches namely auxiliary and main switch. The auxiliary switch is mainly added to reduce the voltage ripples especially on the primary side of the isolated high frequency transformer. This in turn will reduce the voltage stress present at the main switch. Active clamping is done for the recycling of stored energy in the HT and also to ensure the ZVS operation. The voltage spikes during transistor turn off time are clamped by active clamping. The Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of the main switch is obtained mainly using the auxiliary switch and the clamp capacitor. Analysis of active clamped fly back converter is done for 120W. The analysis is done for various switching frequencies and delay values for proper core reset.


The purpose of the present invention is to easily determine resolution by which an image can be displayed on displays (31 to 33) connected to an information processing device using a function extension unit (20). Provided is an information processing device capable of connecting to a display using a function extension unit, wherein the device comprises: a calculation unit for calculating a data transfer rate from the resolution to be displayed on the display; and a display control unit for visibly displaying the ratio of the data transfer rate used within the permissible range of data transfer rate when the resolution is displayed on the display on the basis of the calculated data transfer rate.


. In this paper, we study the existence of infinitely many solutions to N − Kirchhoff type equation (cid:2) where N ≥ 2 , f ( x, u ) = λh ( x ) | u | m − 2 u + g ( u )(1 < m < N ) and g ( u ) behaves like exp( α 0 | u | NN − 1 ) when | u | → ∞ . The potential function V ( x ) > 0 is continuous and bounded in R N , λ is a nonnegative real parameter, h ( x ) ∈ L σ ( R N ) with σ = NN − m . Using variational methods and some special techniques, we prove that there exists λ 0 > 0 such that problem (0.1) admits infinitely many nonnegative high-energy solutions provided that λ ∈ [0 , λ 0 ). Also, we prove that problem (0.1) has infinitely many nonnegative solutions for f ( x, u ) = h | u | m − 2 u, (1 < m < N ). Mathematics Subject Classification. 35J50, 35J75, 35J92.


who are portrayed in previous tales presented in the book. The selected folktales show that emphasizing binary categories contributes to creating strong emotions, thus conveying the desired message. The fourth chapter includes six tales focused on kosher food and Jewish identity. Four tales portray Jews and Christians eating together with restrictions. The remaining two tales deal with kosher issues in a Jewish kitchen. The tales expose reasons given for the strict rules and the challenges of keeping a kosher diet. With her choice of tales, PintelGinsberg shows that when it comes to kosher food, the "other" may be Christians or Muslims, but they may also be Jews, either men or women who commit a critical mistake during food preparation. The fifth and last chapter focuses on the connection between food and sacred times, as well as its role related to ritual observance and Jewish identity. The tales deal with the tension caused by Shabbat and Holy Day meal preparation. Celestial beings or men's rules help loosen this tension. While three tales focus on identity, two other tales offer etiological explanations for the connection between a special dish and Jewish law. Such is the tale "Wherefore the Custom of Eating Dairy Products on Shavuot," which blames women's rebelliousness for a transformation of tradition, eating simple dairy dishes instead of festive meat dishes on a central Holy Day. PintelGinsberg's excellent choice to end the book with a tale that combines food, gender, hunger, and satisfaction during a sacred time allows her to bring to the reader's attention the biblical and Talmudic roots underlying countless Jewish folktales. Supported by a rich bibliography and additional folktales, PintelGinsberg's indepth discussions create a meaningful dialogue between the storyteller, the author, and the reader. Thus, The Angel and the Cholent is a good reference for anyone interested in the correlation between food and folktales in specific cultural and comparative contexts. Cajun Music: A Reflection of a People. Volume II. Compiled and written by Ann Allen Savoy. (Eunice, LA: Bluebird Press, 2021. Pp xvi + 440, introduction, discography resources/ song titles, using this book, acknowledgments, bibliography, recordings used, song index, selective index.)


A review is presented of the method of spectral hole-burning and its application to data and image storage. This spectroscopic method is at present at the stage of a possible future technology and promises extremely high data storage capacities through its wavelength multiplexing property. Fundamentals such as supramolecular photochemistry, inhomogeneous line broading, energy selection and holography are outlined


The problem of robust H(subscript ∞) control for uncertain singular systems with time-delay in state is considered. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be norm bounded. In the light of the notions of robust stability with H(subscript ∞) performance index and generalized quadratic stability with H(subscript ∞) performance index, and using the relationship of them, the problem is addressed to find robust H(subscript ∞) state feedback controllers such that the resulting closed-loop system is generalized quadratic stable, as well as satisfying a prescribed H(subscript ∞) norm bound constraint for all admissible uncertainties, and therefore, the system is robustly stable, as well as satisfying a prescribed H(subscript ∞) norm bound constraint. Furthermore, the robust H(subscript ∞) state feedback control law can be constructed in terms of solutions to a certain linear matrix inequality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Let us assume we are given a continuous functional Y (Z). Recent interest in anti-intrinsic, orthogonal functors has centered on study-ing hyperbolic equations. We show that F (n) 6 = ? ?. Recent interest in ordered, Maxwell, continuously regular categories has centered on de- scribing freely additive hulls. Next, it is not yet known whether ? ? U , although [6] does address the issue of uniqueness.


Relative emission yields of Balmer lines as functions of the dwell time ( t D =0.97–12.3 fs) in thin carbon foils are measured with beams of H + , H 2 + , and H 3 + impinging on thin carbon foils at 0.5 and 0.8 MeV/amu. Large molecular enhancements of emission yields of Balmer lines are observed for H 2 + and H 3 + beams, where (i) the molecular enhancements for H 2 + and H 3 + depend on the principal quantum number ( n =3–6), (ii) the molecular enhancement for H 3 + is higher than that for H 2 + , and (iii) the molecular enhancements decrease very rapidly in the red regiem (\(t_{\text{D}}\lesssim 2\) fs) and slowly in the blue regiem (\(t_{\text{D}}\gtrsim 2\) fs) with increasing t D .


A recent meeting entitled ''IFN Lambda: Disease Impact and Translational Potential'' was held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD on October 25–26, 2018 (NCI 2018). The meeting highlighted work being done to understand the mechanisms and importance of the interferon lambda (IFNL) family members in regulating immune responses. Although the role of IFNL in cancer is not yet fully appreciated, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that this interferon is important in cancer. Genetic associations of the IFNL3/IFNL4 locus with mucinous ovarian carcinoma (Kelemen and others 2015), aggressive prostate cancer (Minas and others 2018), and altered proliferation in liver cancer cells (Onabajo and others 2015) were discussed.


As THE 1930 CHRISTMAS SEASON APPROACHED, EDITOR HENRY SEIDEL Canby counseled readers of the Saturday Review of Literature not so much to buy books as to discard them. "There are not, as so many complain, too many good books," Canby announced. Rather, he fumed, there are "too many books published only to be bought" (and, he might have added, bought only to be owned), "too many books used as a 'color note,' books as paper weights, books for the baby to sit on, books kept as feeble proof that someone has been educated, books that are everything but good books." He declared the bookshelves of the typical American living room, glutted with books retained for such dubious purposes, a "depressing spectacle." Not even a few books that seemed to have been thoughtfully selected for the value of their contents could redeem the collection from his scorn or, he urged, from the incinerator: "a civilized family should be ashamed to live in such company!" Canby thus catalogued the resentments many booklovers and intellectuals shared in the 1920s, a sense that "good" books and their owners had been betrayed in the era's preoccupation with frivolous and pretentious uses


The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydrogen cyanide by reacting ammonia on methane which comprises adding a minor amount of at least one sulfur compound having the general formula R - S - (S) x - R 'wherein R and R', identical or different, represent an alkyl or alkenyl radical, linear or branched, containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and x is a number from 1 to 5, the reactant gas mixture prior to its passage on the catalyst. The method of the invention provides improved yields HCN.Un Another object of the invention relates to the use of hydrocyanic acid thus obtained to produce methionine, acetone cyanohydrin, in the adiponitrile or sodium cyanide.


The invention relates to a thin film transistor, a production method thereof and a pixel structure. The production method comprises the steps of providing a base plate, wherein a grid electrode, an insulating layer and a channel layer are formed on the base plate, and a conducting layer is formed on the base plate to cover the channel layer and the insulating layer; forming a photoresist layer onthe conducting layer; arranging a photo mask above the photoresist layer, wherein the photoresist layer comprises a data line pattern, a source electrode pattern and a drain electrode pattern, a first width (W1) is reserved between the source electrode pattern and the drain electrode pattern, the data line pattern has a second width (W2), the first width (W1) and the second width (W2) meet the conditional that if W1-1(um), then W2+a(um), and a is larger than 0.3 and less than 0.7; carrying out an exposure program and a development program to pattern the photoresist layer by utilizing the photo mask; and patterning the conducting layer to form a source electrode, a drain electrode and a data line by utilizing the photoresist layer as an etching mask.


Let G be a finite group. We denote BGa classifying space of G, which has a contractible universal principal G bundle EG . The stable type of BGdoes not determine G up to isomorphism. A simple example [due to N. Minami] is given by Q4 p Z= 2a nd D 2 p Z=4 where p is an odd prime, Q4 p is the generalized quarternion group of order 4 p and D2 p is the dihedral group of order 2 p. However the paper [6] gives us a necessary and sufficient condition for BG1 and BG2 to be stably equivalent localized at p. The local stable type of BG depends on the conjugacy classes of homomorphisms from the p-groups Q into G. This classification theorem simplifies if G has a normal sylow p-subgroup. Then the stable homotopy type depends on the Weyl group of the sylow p-subgroup. DEFINITION1.1. Two subgroups H; K < G are called pointwise conjugate in G if there is a bijection of sets H ! K such that .h/D g 1 h hgh for


Population aging causes financial imbalance in pay-as-you-go public pension programs. To remedy this problem while ensuring the adequacy of retirement savings for employees, many countries complement or substitute for public pensions by regulating workplace pensions. This paper exploits a pension reform in Taiwan that has mandated, since 2005, that all private-sector employers contribute at least 6% of wages to employees' individual pension accounts monthly. I use the workers in the unaffected sector as a comparison group and employ a difference-in-differences method to estimate the impact of the reform on the household saving rate. My estimates suggest that making private pensions mandatory significantly reduces the household saving rate by between 2.06 and 2.45 percentage points and imply that the degree of substitutability between workplace pensions and saving is about −0.50 to −0.60.


Business activities using social media are currently growing and its development has intrigued practitioners and academics. The purpose of doing this present research is to build a conceptual model, which connects the concepts of customer perceived value and customer experiences with the concept of customer relationship quality to produce sustainable customer intention in social media commerce. Considering the results of two exogenous constructions, namely customer perceived value and customer experience, it can be concluded that both have an impact on relationship quality and customer sustainable intention. In this study, there are six hypotheses, consisting of five accepted hypotheses and one rejected hypothesis. After doing a deeper analysis, it is revealed that good relationship quality determines the significance of sustainable customer intention. In addition, this conducted research examines and experimentally confirms the role of customer perceived value and the customer experience in determining relationship quality and sustainability of customers founded in social media commerce. The novelty shown in this study lies in the integration of two exogenous variables, namely customer perceived value and customer experience, with the variables of relationship quality and customer sustainability intention. Finally, the findings provide theoretical, managerial, and social value and impact for academics, practitioners, and society.


In most items of high voltage equipment a mineral or synthetic oil is still used in conjunction with paper as the dielectric medium. However, the environmental impact, lack of natural oil reserves and the difficulties associated with the disposal of used oils, have prompted researchers to direct their focus onto renewable and biodegradable materials. Originally used in capacitors, these oils are now finding usage in some transformer installations particularly in the United States. Of course a degree of processing is required to make these oils into a form suitable for use in high voltage equipment, including the removal of water and solid matter and the addition of antioxidants. At present at least two commercial products are available; namely Biotemp (ABB) and Envirotemp FR3 (Cooper Industries). With increasing pressure towards renewable and biodegradable materials, such oils are likely to find increased use in the future. Therefore it seems prudent to begin investigations of the ageing behaviour of a variety of vegetable based oil systems in the laboratory and assess their potential for application as high voltage insulation oils.


The role of three-particle effective operators in the theory of f↔f transitions in rare earth ions in crystals is analysed. The relative important of these operators is established through calculations performed for Eu3+ ion in hosts of C2v and C3v symmetry. The radial and angular terms of all the effective operators analysed are evaluated ab initio, while the matrix elements of the unit tensor operators are obtained with symmetry adapted wavefunctions of 4f6configuration. The approach is based on the alternative formulation of second-order theory where instead of the length formula of the electric dipole radiation operator its velocity version is taken as an approximation. The various effective operators contributing to the f↔f transition amplitude are reviewed.


Based on the systematic analysis of the risk factors of new product RD,aiming at the interactive relationship of risk factors and the consequences that cann't be exactly represented,the fuzzy influence diagram method is applied in the evaluation process.According to qualitative analysis,the influence diagram of a new product RD project risk was drawn.Then,the probability of the risk occurrence is calculated through fuzzy influence diagram evaluation algorithm.The conclusion indicates that the key to apply the method is to confirm the fuzzy relations.


Genital‐based gender affirmation surgery is a physically demanding procedure requiring extensive postoperative pain management. However, perioperative opioid use for these procedures is relatively understudied.


The prospect of an international agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) resulting in a common response to carbon pricing, such as a global cap-and-trade scheme, can for now only be seen as a long-term goal. In the meantime, it is realistic to operate within a world of unilateral climate policies, which are eventually loosely coordinated among a limited number of countries. Two key considerations need be addressed in the design of these policies: equity for emerging countries according to the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities', and competitiveness within carbon-intensive, internationally traded sectors. The need to address both concerns has generated a renewed interest in the use of sectoral approaches. This article proposes a new sectoral framework approach using the case of the cement industry, within which equity and efficiency requirements are addressed. The proposed approach combines basic components put forward by industry, such as the use of absolute caps for industrialized countries and intensity targets for emerging countries, the introduction of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) on imports from those countries that do not adopt the sectoral approach, and the use of financial transfers collected through CO2 revenues in industrialized countries. Notwithstanding the political and legal challenges associated with implementing a BCA, how such an approach would involve 'sticks' as well as 'carrots' incentivizing participation within the proposed scheme is described, and some key implementation issues are discussed.


We show unexpected drag reduction as solvent flows past polymer-coated surfaces in solution. Adsorbed polymer layers of two types, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) homopolymers in deionized water and poly(vinylpyridine)−polybutadiene diblock copolymers (PVP−PB) in tetradecane, were placed at variable spacings larger than twice the layer thickness within a modified surface forces apparatus, and the hydrodynamic forces owing to flow of solvent past these layers were measured as a function of surface spacing, pumping frequency, and pumping velocity (product of frequency and amplitude). When the flow rate was below a critical level, which depended on the system, the findings agreed with a simple hydrodynamic picture in which the solvent appeared to flow past surfaces of defined spacing, the solid−solid spacing less twice the "hydrodyamic radius" (RH). The value of RH was not always constant, however. In the PVA system it tripled as frequency was raised from 1 to 50 Hz though it was frequency-independent in the PVP−P...


This study aims to define the quantitative, qualitative and spatio-temporal parameters of atmospheric precipitation and the surface runoff of rivers within Dnipropetrovsk region using the example of Samara River. The specified goal is achieved taking into account the problems of keeping and development of the water resource potential in Dnipropetrovsk region. At the first stage the survey analyzes the features of precipitation formation in Dniproperovsk region. The analysis is based on climate data base which includes fifty-six years of measurements by nine meteorological stations. The entire monitoring period was divided into two parts in order to find the trends of precipitation formation. The initial processing allows to confirm that there is a rising of moistening at researched region, spatially from southwest to northwest, and according to the annual statistics the max precipitation shifts to warm seasons of the year. The winter season is characterized by longer period of precipitation, contrary to winter, there is no changes in summer. Moreover, there are the torrential rains in summer and the average rain intensity does not exceed 1 mm per min. The probability of events when the rain intensity is more than 1 mm per min is about 3%. It was taking into account during the simulation. Nevertheless, one can see that rain type formation transformers into tropical one. The next main task of the research was to simulate the surface runoff of Samara River using the tool of QGIS- r.sim.water. The accuracy and reliability of the result correctness were confirmed by actual parameters of Vishnevy stream that placed in the territory of water-balance station Balzata (Moldova). As a result, the series of themes were created. It reflects the distribution of surface runoff parameters within Samara river basin during the warm season. In order to optimize the analyze the authors developed an estimation score system which is based on the influence of anthropogenic factors. Such solution allows to determine that the most problematic (from the "anthropogenic factors influence" point of view) regions are placed in the main river valley and at the southeast part of the Samara River basin. The rest part of the basin is characterized by minor or inessential influence of anthropogenic factors. The main anthropogenic factor that has the highest level of influence on the river runoff is an agricultural activity in the territory of Samara River basin. It affects the transformation time. The highest level of anthropogenic influence is determined in the middle of summer season, the lowest – in spring and autumn.


The non-isospectral symmetries of a general class of integrable hierarchies are found by generalizing the Galilean and scaling symmetries of the Korteweg-de Vries equation and its hierarchy. The symmetries arise in a very natural way from the semi-direct product structure of the Virasoro algebra and the affine Kac-Moody algebra underlying the construction of the hierarchy. In particular, the generators of the symmetries are shown to satisfy a subalgebra of the Virasoro algebra. When a tau-function formalism is available, the infinitesimal symmetries act directly on the tau-functions as moments of Virasoro currents. Some comments are made regarding the role of the non-isospectral symmetries and the form of the string equations in matrix-model formulations of quantum gravity in two dimensions and related systems.


In Korean, most morphological analyzers have suuered from lack of ordering restrictions as morphotactics in many cases. To alleviate this problem, we use linguistic knowledge called subsumption relation. In this paper, we propose a method for reducing morphological ambiguities using the subsumption relation and for automatically inferring some rules, called subsumption conditions, from the part-of-speech tagged corpus. The conditions are represented by nite-state automata. Using the conditions, we eeciently examine whether two morphological structures are in the subsumption relation. Our experiment shows very promising results. We expect that the results might be positively reeected to probabilis-tic part-of-speech tagging systems, which have some diiculties in incorporating lecical contextual information.


The aim of our work was to analyse the tendencies of hospitalization in the palliative care wards and trends in the consumption of analgesics prescribed by geriatrics. Analysed was the consumption of 21,302 most common diagnoses in the hospitalized patients at palliative care wards in the period from 1/2016 to 12/2017. The data were based on the request provided by Všeobecnázdravotnápoisťovňa, a.s. (health insurance company). In the trend analysis was used APC (annual percentage change indicator), and for statistic analysis was used IBM SPSS Statistics. Further was analysed the consumption of 12,888 of the most commonly prescribed analgesics by geriatrics in the period from 1/2016 to 12/2017. In 2017 was found the significant decrease in hospitalized patients in palliative care wards with the diagnoses as follows: tumours (APC -22.9 %), mental and behavioural disorders (APC -4.6 %), disorders of nervous system (APC -26.3 %), skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (APC -35.1 %), respiratory disorders (APC -35.4 %), shoulder and arm fractures (APC -25.6 %), multiple area injuries (APC -54, 5 %) and later consequences of lower limb injuries (APC -58.3 %). The aging of the population brings a great challenge to ensure the adequate financial, human and other material resources to ensure the sufficient economic productivity and promote the status of active aging in the context of human dignity and fundamental principles of humanism that should not disappear from our society. Key words: demography; noncommunicable diseases; palliative care; population ageing; public health.


Coccidiosis is such a disease which is a danger to the intestinal parasitic of poultry.And Halofuginone is rather an effective drug against coccidian.But its high cost is really a block for its wide application in clinical practice.7-bromo-6-chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinone is an important intermediate for the synthesis of the anti-coccidiosis drug-halofuginone.This work has a new idea.The research applies inter-chlorotoluene as the primary materials.And after the reaction of brominating,oxidation,ammo-niation and cyclization,then 7-bromo-6-chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinone was synthesized.The total yield will reach 50.61% and the structure was confirmed via MS and 1HNMR.


In order to amplify the entire open reading frame of NS1 gene,the specific primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of NS gene of A/ Puerto Rico/ 8/ 34 Influenza virus were designed.The PCR product of NS1 gene was inserted into pMX vector and PET30a vector,and recombinant plasmids pMX-PR8-NS1 and PET-PR8-NS1 were generated.After being expressed in E.coli,NS1 protein was purified and injected into BALB/c mice for preparation of NS1 specific polyclonal antibody.Meanwhile,to produce retrovirus-like particles,plasmids pMX-PR8-NS1,pCI-NF-KB,PMDSV and MDSV were co-transfected into 293T cells.Then the retrovirus-like particles which produced and released into culture supernatants from 293T cell transfected were used to infect MDCK cells.The cells inserted with expected exogenous gene were selected by puromycin.After analyzed by PCR(using cell genome as template),RT-PCR(using total cell RNA as template) and immuno-fluorescence assay,a cell line(MDCK-PR8-NS1) was obtained with can express NS1 protein stably.This cell line may provide a useful tool to study the function of NS1 gene or protein.


Dictionary learning is a cornerstone of image classification. We set out to address a longstanding challenge in using dictionary learning for classification; that is to simultaneously maximise the discriminability and sparse-representability power of the learned dictionaries. Upon this premise, we designed class-specific dictionaries incorporating three factors: discriminability, sparsity and classification error. We integrated these metrics into a unified cost function and adopted a new feature space, i.e., histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), to generate the dictionary atoms. The rationale of using HOG features for designing the dictionaries is their strength in describing fine details of crowded images. The results of applying the proposed method in the classification of Chinese handwritten numbers demonstrated enhanced classification performance $(\sim98\%)$ compared to state-of-the-art deep learning techniques (i.e., SqueezeNet, GoogLeNet and MobileNetV2), but with a fraction of parameters. Furthermore, combination of the HOG features with dictionary learning enhances the accuracy by $11\%$ compared to the case where only pixel domain data are used. These results were supported when the proposed method was applied to both Arabic and English handwritten number databases.


To determine positivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glyco-protein (MOG-Ab) and aquaporin-4 antibod- ies (AQP4-Ab) in children with Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes


Reproductive Health and Family Planning Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Egypt Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Algezeerah Hospital, 12524 Giza, Egypt Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 12624 Cairo, Egypt Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 12624 Cairo, Egypt Urology Department, Cairo University, 12624 Cairo, Egypt Anesthesia Department, Cairo University, 12624 Cairo, Egypt


Parallel computing was introduced into the computer science curriculum at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY-Buffalo) in the mid-1980s. Over the past 30 years, modern computing systems have been the focus of efforts in courses at the freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior levels, as well as at introductory and advanced graduate levels. This paper reports on the impact of these efforts, including quantitative results and inferences of courses based on modern compute systems versus traditional versions of these courses based on the sequential model of computation.


To accurately describe and predict the overall strength and residual life of selective repair bonded structures, an integrated simulation model of crack propagation including bonding strength is established. Based on two methods, an integrated simulation model including a cohesive zone method model for predicting the residual life of a selective repair structure is established. By comparing the computational efficiency and accuracy of both the stress intensity factor and residual life of selective repair structures using different calculation methods, the modelling scheme is optimised. Based on this optimised scheme, the effect of adhesive thickness on the stress intensity factor and residual life of the repair structure is analysed. FM94 adhesive measuring 0.2–0.4 mm thickness is used to decrease the stress intensity factor and improve the remaining life such that material utilisation efficiency is guaranteed.


Due to the seriouseness of the adverse drug reactions,more and more countries had put emphasis on adverse drug reactions monitoring.Spontanous reporting system is the most commonly used method in each country.This paper introduce and analysis the present situation of spontaneous reporting system in the adverse drug reaction monitoring.


Software evolution is a process that is needed in order for software to remain useful. Thus, software evolution should be properly planned and controlled to prevent its negative impact from affecting any organization. Software adaptation concept is one of the promising ways to control software evolution. In this approach, software is made adaptable to minimize the impact of change. A lot of researches on software adaptation focus on adaptability of mobile based and network application due to its context sensitivity and quality-of-service requirements. However, there is still lack of work in enterprise system domain with multiple delivery channels, which focus on adaptability of its context environment such as the changes introduced to its devices. Hence, the purpose of this research is to develop a middleware and policy-based, adaptation framework to manage negative effects of software evolution in an enterprise system. The main research focus is on the changes introduced at the device layer. The concept of policy is used to specify adaptations requirements. This research provides a framework called Middleware and Policy-Based Framework to Manage Software Evolution (MiPAF), which can be used to develop adaptive software, allowing parameterized and compositional adaptation. Furthermore, the framework can be used by client-server and web-based application. A policy language called MiPAF Policy Language (MPL) is created to be used with the framework. MiPAF is formally specified using Z Notation and the policy language is described using pseudo code. A tool is provided to assist developers in creating the policy. For evaluation of the framework, a set of runtime components were developed and implemented for Unit Trust System (UTS) Front-end and web-based UTS, two industrial-based case studies. The evaluation result shows that MiPAF excellently fulfil all the evaluation criteria described in this thesis.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of cation types on the rust resistance performance of new nucleic acid corrosion inhibitors in simulated concrete pore solution. Four common chlorinated ice salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2) are selected to study the corrosion behavior of chloride ions by linear polarization resistance method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the cationic type will affect the thickness of the passivated film on the steel surface and the compactness of the passivated film formed by iron oxide and nucleic acid rust inhibitor. The type of cations affects the critical chloride concentration of nucleic acid inhibitor, following Na+≈K+>Ca+>Mg+.


Objective This study explores the impact of the COVID 19 lockdown measures on the mental health and well-being of unpaid carers, who make up the largest number of the carer population in England. Study design A systematic review research protocol was designed and used to conduct the review along with the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of Qualitative Research - ENTREQ statement [43]. Pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. EndNote X9 reference management was used and the search process was represented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram [76]. Appraisal of the included research was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) [57]. Line by line coding was done using inductive thematic synthesis and EPPI Reviewer 4 software [60]. Results Four themes emerged; immediate worries or fears, adapting to change, post pandemic fears and use of technology. Conclusion The measures put in place during the first lockdown period have had detrimental impacts on unpaid carers, putting them at greater risk of burnout. However, use of digital platforms could have a positive impact on well-being. Recommendations for further research are provided. Keywords: unpaid carers; caregivers; mental health; COVID 19; qualitative; systematic review


Objective To obtain gastric cancer cell-de nd ritic cell fusion vaccine by using the cell fusion technology and to observe the morphological characteristics of the fusion cells. Methods T he gastric cancer cells and dendritic cells were fusioned by PEG and selected by the HAT/HT culture systems. The morphological characteristics of the fusion ce lls were examined under light and electron microscopes. Results The fusion cells became much larger than their parental cells, but the cell nu mber decreased remarkably. The fusion cells less in suspended in the culture medium and the protuberances on the surface of the cells became short and sparse . Conclusion The gastric cancer cell-dendritic cell fusion ce lls kept the growth feature of suspension as their parental dendritic cells, bu t were much larger and less in number. These morphological characteristics are typical and different from their parental cells.


Contemporary surgical practice relating to Tetralogy of Fallot is shifting towards earlier correction; however, a recent large study proposes later correction to increase event free survival. Surgery aims to improve the quantity and quality of life at minimal risk to the patient. Surgical outcome and risk assessment requires a comparison of externally valid studies of natural history and surgical outcome. The authors reviewed the literature to identify the most externally valid natural history and surgical outcome data and used it to develop a composite survival graph to help clinicians determine when surgery would offer the greatest survival advantage. The composite graph suggests that, for symptomatic patients, the greatest survival advantage occurs when corrective surgery is performed within the 1st week of life.


Three related diol host compounds have been employed to separate lutidine isomers. Thirteen equimolar mixtures of the isomers were enclathrated by each of the host compounds in turn, and the results monitored by NMR. When the selectivity was poor, crystal structures of the host compounds with each of the single isomers and their mixture, were elucidated. By appropriate use of the three host molecules, it proved possible to separate each isomer. The selectivity trend is 2,3-LUT ≈ 3,4-LUT > 2,5-LUT > 2,4-LUT > 2,6-LUT.


Objective To generate evidence for the association between different types of mass media and antenatal care (ANC) visits in India. Design A cross-sectional study design, analysing data from India's National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4), 2015–2016. Setting Rural and urban India. Participants From NFHS-4, women who had given birth in the last 5 years before survey administration were included in this study. Women with missing information about their number of ANC visits and their caste were excluded, leaving 187 894 women in the final analytical sample. Primary outcome measures Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of ANC utilisation with mass media exposure. Results Overall, our study showed that high exposure to all four types of mass media was positively associated with making at least eight ANC visits. In rural India, women who had high exposure to newspaper/magazine (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.43; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.57), radio (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.37), television (aOR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.94 to 2.2) and movies (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.47) were more likely to make at least eight ANC visits. In urban India, women who had high exposure to newspaper/magazine (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.24), radio (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.65), television (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.55) and movies (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.38) were more likely to make at least eight ANC visits. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need for increased awareness about adequate ANC visits in India, to improve maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. Our study highlights that television penetration is broader than other forms of media and has the potential to create awareness about health in both urban and rural populations. These findings can inform ANC-related health awareness campaigns in the country to allocate resources to appropriate media sources to encourage healthy behaviours.


The Sierra de Gador is a mountain range to the west of the town of Almeria (SE Spain). It reaches 2242 m a.s.l. and consists of a thick series of Triassic carbonate rocks, mainly dolomites, resting on impermeable metapelites of Permian age. The Sierra de Gador is connected through a zone of extensive fault systems to the coastal plains of the Campo de Dalias. The Sierra de Gador is the most important recharge area for the aquifers of the Campo de Dalias where water demands are progressively increasing due to expansion of agriculture and tourism (Pulido-Bosch et al., 1993). Previous studies (Vallejos et al., 1997, Frot et al., 2002; Vandenschrick et al., 2002) using water stable isotopes to characterize the sources of the karstic aquifer system indicate that though the annual dominant precipitation is from Atlantic fronts, only shallow groundwater has this origin, while a few intense events with Mediterranean signature, are the main water source of deep aquifers (main groundwater in the coastal plain). According Pulido-Bosch et al (1993), main channels would be the main input places for aquifer recharge from such Mediterranean precipitations. However it is known that in arid and semiarid areas most runoff generated by moderate events do not reach ephemeral streams because runoff water infiltrates along hillslopes as shown by Yair & Lavee (1985) in Israel and VanWesemael et al (1998) and Puigdefabregas et al (1999) in SE Spain. Within this framework, an instrumented area was set in the Llano de los Juanes, central high plain of structural origin in the Sierra de Gador, assuming its potential as recharge area from minor events, with the aim to assess its infiltration capacity. An hydropedological characterization is being carried out along with the monitoring of the runoff produced by a small catchment area, as well as the evaluation of actual evapotranspiration (AET). The first results after one year are presented. Infiltration data could validate the drainage assessments (potential aquifer recharge) made from precipitation and AET evaluation.


In examining what role privatization should serve in California criminal justice reform, this article approaches privatization as a structural tool for systemic improvement, rather than simply a way to replicate existing structures more cheaply. In addition to making several policy suggestions, the article identifies the most significant aspects of the California criminal justice system upon which privatization would bear.


In this letter, a fully synthesizable injection-locked phase-locked loop (IL-PLL) is presented. The proposed PLL employed a nonmodified digital standard cell library, and enable fast design migration to other processes. To minimize the reference spur, a self-clocked nonoverlap update scheme is proposed to reduce the reference spur caused by digital logic clocking. Besides, a slope-balanced fully symmetrical multiplexer (MUX) and subsampling bang–bang phase detector (SS-BBPD) is proposed. With constraint-directed automatic layout synthesis, the delay offset is greatly reduced. Implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, the PLL achieved a 0.4-ps integrated jitter at 1-GHz output frequency with −52-dBc reference spur. The power consumptions are 1.2 mW, corresponding to figures of merit of −247.2 dB.


The effects of gonyautoxins (GTXs) on the neuromuscular system in rabbits were examined. M waves were evoked by electric stimulation on the tibial nerve and recorded mainly from the plantar interosseous muscle. Intravenous administration of GTXs decreased the amplitude and prolonged both latency and duration of M waves, while showed little effect on the motor nerve conduction velocity. These results suggest that GTXs have inhibitory effects on the peripheral neuromuscular system, mainly on the neuromuscular transmission.


We report the design of a sub-millimeter Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Martin Puplett type (FTS-MP here after). The instrument will be installed on Sierra La Negra, and will operate from ~215 GHz to 1 THz approximately with a moderate resolution of 500 MHz. The main motivations of the work are the development of basic instrumentation for characterizing the LMT site (Large Millimeter Telescope) as well as optical components and to provide a portable broadband system for site testing. The collected data will be used for transmission model validation. The data also will influence the design of the new generation of sub-millimeter and millimeter cameras for the LMT. In the present work we emphasize cryogenic detector system design (bolometer detector and coupling optics) and the optical system layout for the FTS-MP. Test measurements in the laboratory are reported in this work.


We investigate a nonatomic game (NG) on top of whose more or less conventional setups there is also a random state of the world. Every player receives only a signal of the state's realization upon which her decision is based. The state of the world, her own action, and the external environment formed by other players taking their actions may all influence a player's payoff. Not knowing the true state, the player would strive for a higher average payoff conditioned on her received signal. We demonstrate that equilibria can be reached for the game under reasonable conditions. Not only are they in existence, these equilibrium points are also useful. When the state space is finite, each of them would become ever more likely to help an $n$-player Bayesian game whose player profile is randomly generated from the original NG's player distribution to reach ever nearer equilibrium as n tends to +∞. More important, pure E-equilibria would likely emerge even though the NG equilibrium might well be mixed to start with. Pure versions of the latter would exist when the NG is anonymous.


At least one hearing aid (10, 11) having a memory to store personal settings for alleviating a hearing loss of the user data system and a hearing aid for processing user data for the hearing aid user is remotely accessible by the Internet is a computer device, and a server (25). Personal communication device 13 may act as a gateway to the Internet for at least one hearing aid and can be the Internet. A user can create a user account on the remote server, and the input personal data to the user account, and stores the personal information input to the remote server and the Gateway entering information into the user account. A personal communication device and the at least one hearing aid, the individual transceiver for establishing a radio connection under the guidance of the application software is provided. To alleviate hearing loss to the remote server through the gateway for storage of user accounts, at least one of the hearing aids to upload your personal settings.


Although the traditional use of intravenous (IV) thrombolytics is restricted to within 3 hours of stroke onset, the use of intra-arterial (IA) therapy is proving to be more flexible, with the ultimate time window yet to be determined. Anecdotal evidence suggests that thrombectomy may be effective beyond the 6-hour window in properly selected patients.1 Clinical success and the incidence of complications may be more dependent on the results of perfusion-imaging and the presence of large-vessel occlusion and less on an arbitrary time window. Multimodality strategies are becoming more popular. A combination of mechanical clot retrieval and adjunctive thrombolytic therapies in 111 patients participating in the Multi MERCI trial resulted in successful recanalization in 69% of vessels versus 54% with the retriever alone.2 The preliminary results of the IMS II trial indicate that the MicroLysus ultrasound device (EKOS Corp) may improve recanalization rates compared with standard microcatheter techniques.3,4 Multimodal therapy combining IV or IA abciximab and intracranial angioplasty has been reported to achieve high recanalization rates,5 and preliminary experience with intracranial stenting in acute stroke suggests that this may be an attractive adjunct to IA thrombolytics.6,7 A retrospective review of 168 patients treated with a combination of IA thrombolytics and mechanical interventions reported recanalization in 63% and improvement in NIHSS of at least 4 points in 21% of patients at 24-hour follow-up,8 with the highest recanalization rates seen in patients in whom 3 or more IA modalities were used. Not surprisingly, however, the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 14%.8 The high morbidity and mortality rates that continue to complicate IA therapies may be attributable to the inherent selection bias toward large-vessel occlusions and the resultant initial severity of these strokes.


Even-mass W isotopes are studied in the interacting boson-plus-fermion-pair-model. The energy spectra of the ground-state bands and the side bands can be reproduced quite well. The effective moments of inertia and B(E2) values can be reproduced qualitatively.


This author says that he has written this book in the manner in which the subject appeals to him. He has certainly produced a very practical volume which will be a valuable addition to every medical library, and especially useful to the increasing number of Indian doctors who are taking an interest in diseases of the stomach. The word gastroenterology does not come easily to us, but the subject as presented by Professor Rehfuss is very fascinating and his method has resulted in one of the most readable medical books we have perused for some time.


Background and purpose: Iron metabolism was found to be implicated in Breast Cancer (BC). Although dietary iron showed inconsistencies regarding its possible associations with BC risk, its source might be important. We have reported that an animal/plant ratio of dietary iron was directly associated to this risk. Based on estimates of heme and nonheme iron contents in representative foods, we carried out the present study, with the aim of more accurately reanalyzing dietary iron and its role on BC risk. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 572 BC cases and 889 controls, using a specific multi-topic questionnaire including a food frequency questionnaire. Controls were age-frequency matched to cases. Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. Total dietary iron was calculated according its heme or non-heme source, additionally adjusted by energy. Odds Ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Total iron intake was not associated with BC risk. Heme iron was positively associated among postmenopausal women and for the overall sample. Non-heme iron showed an inverse association among premenopausal women and the overall sample. Regarding heme/non heme ratio, risks tended to increase in all analyzed groups. Conclusions: Although total dietary iron showed no association with BC risk, heme and non-heme iron actually did and a high heme/non-heme ratio was associated with a risk increase in both menopausal strata. Therefore, the source and the proportions of the available iron might be of importance as a link to breast carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to clarify this point. ISSN: 2638-1370


Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with numerous health-promoting properties. The feeding industry widely use flavonoids as ʽgreen' feed supplements even scientific evidence of their value are often hypothetical. Due to their high susceptibility to diseases, the use of flavonoids in neonatal calves might be especially useful. However, to determine biological effects in vivo, flavonoids must be systemically available in calves, but this is not known yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine BV and their biological effects of the most abundant flavonoids quercetin and catechin in neonatal calves.
In part one of the study, calves (n = 7 per group) were fed quercetin as aglycone or as glucorhamnoside rutin or no flavonoid (control group) on d 2 and 29 of life. Blood samples were taken in defined time intervals before and until 48 h after flavonoid administration via jugular vein catheters. Quercetin and its methylated (isorhamnetin, tamarixetin) and dehydroxylated (kaempferol) metabolites were analyzed in blood plasma using HPLC with subsequent fluorescence detection. It was shown that quercetin is systemically available both as aglycone and as rutin in neonatal calves, but BV of quercetin aglycone was higher than BV of rutin as previously shown in monogastric species. Furthermore, BV of quercetin and its metabolites was greater on d 2 than on d 29 of life and the proportion of quercetin metabolites differed greatly between the two d, which possibly can deduced to maturation of the gastrointestinal tract.
In part two of the study effects of a three-wk administration of quercetin aglycone, rutin or a green tea extract containing mainly catechins, on performance, health, and the antioxidative capacity and oxidative stress in neonatal calves were evaluated. A fourth group was used as control group (n = 7 calves per group) and did not receive any flavonoid sopplementation. No group differences were found for zootechnical parameters, but a slight benefit in health status when catechins were fed. Effects of flavonoid feeding on metabolic status were not seen in this study, but total protein, albumin, urea, lactate, glucose, NEFA, insulin, and cortisol reflected typical time changes during postnatal calf development. Markers of the antioxidative capacity in blood plasma (TEAC, FRAP) showed incisive differences in time, seen in a sharp increase of TEAC and in a decrease of FRAP plasma concentrations postpartum. However, oxidative stress markers (TBARS, F2-isoprostanes) did not illustrate distinct group and time effects due to great interindividual variances.
Taken together, this study clearly demonstrated that the bioavailability of quercetin is determined by its chemical form and depends to a major extent on physiological processes of digestion and gastrointestinal maturation in calves. In contrast, the influence of flavonoids on the antioxidative status did not show clear results, thus an improvement of the antioxidative status in neonatal calves by flavonoid administration cannot be confirmed by this study.


Today I resigned from my job. Nothing very unusual about that. People are constantly resigning and moving on to pastures new. But what is a bit more unusual is that I'm resigning from a jobshare post that I enjoy.


This article focuses on the work of four Algerian émigré directors working in France since the early 1980s: Merzak Allouache, Abdelkrim Bahloul, Okacha Touita and Mahmoud Zemmouri, in order to address questions of transnational cinema(s) in a specifically postcolonial context. It considers how selected films by these directors borrow from the traditions of French (European) cinema and combine them with the specificities (and difference) of the Algerian diaspora in France. In the process, it explores how such transnational representations bring into question the validity of both national cinema and cultural identity as rigid and fixed concepts in contemporary (postcolonial) France.


The paper describes how to create and deploy a low cost platform for remote control of experiments via web page and a PIC microcontroller from Microchip. Thus we have a tool easily applied, by plug-and-play method, to optimize the learning and possibly spanning several types of students and institutions.


An experimental simulation is described as a method for measuring and training decision-making by groups under complex conditions and intergroup competition. The method employs a simulation-game including selection of goals, relevance of strategy, risk-taking, consistency, competition, and other potential components. Similarities to a previously described simulation as well as the additional dimensions of the adapted simulation-game are discussed.


Catalan President Artur Mas appeared in court on 15 October in relation to the symbolic referendum on independence from Spain held on 9 November 2014. Zoran Oklopcic writes that with Mas and his Junts pel Si coalition committed to setting Catalonia on the path toward a declaration of independence following elections in September, the eyes of the international community are on how the Spanish government chooses to respond. He argues that the strategy of the Catalan independence movement now rests on bringing international pressure on to Madrid by highlighting the government's unresponsiveness to peaceful demands for a referendum.


Methanol is a promising renewable energy carrier that can be used as a favourable substrate for biotechnology, due to its high energy efficiency conversion and ease of integration within existing infrastructure. Some acetogenic bacteria have the native ability to utilise methanol, along with other C1 substrates such as CO2 and formate, to produce valuable chemicals. Continuous cultures favour economically viable bioprocesses, however, the performance of acetogens has not been investigated at the molecular level when grown on methanol. Here we present steady-state chemostat quantification of the metabolism of Eubacterium limosum, finding maximum methanol uptake rates up to 640±22 mmol/gDCW/d, with significant fluxes to butyrate. To better understand metabolism of acetogens under methanol growth conditions, we sampled chemostats for proteomics and metabolomics. Changes in protein expression and intracellular metabolomics highlighted key aspects of methanol metabolism, and highlighted bottleneck conditions preventing formation of the more valuable product, butanol. Interestingly, a small amount of formate in methylotrophic metabolism triggered a cellular state known in other acetogens to correlate with solventogenesis. Unfortunately, this was prevented by post-translation effects including an oxidised NAD pool. There remains uncertainty around ferredoxin balance at the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and at the Rnf level.


Metal organic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs on standard nominal 300 mm Si(001) wafers was studied. Antiphase boundary (APB) free epitaxial GaAs films as thin as 150 nm were obtained. The APB-free films exhibit an improvement of the room temperature photoluminescence signal with an increase of the intensity of almost a factor 2.5. Hall effect measurements show an electron mobility enhancement from 200 to 2000 cm2/V s. The GaAs layers directly grown on industrial platform with no APBs are perfect candidates for being integrated as active layers for nanoelectronic as well as optoelectronic devices in a CMOS environment.


This paper shows how to solve some nonlinear wave equations as perturbation expansions in powers of a parameter that expresses the degree of nonlinearity. For the case of the Burgers equation ut+uux=uxx, the general nonlinear equation ut+uδux=uxx is considered and expanded in powers of δ. The coefficients of the δ series to sixth order in powers of δ is determined and Pade summation is used to evaluate the perturbation series for large values of δ. The numerical results are accurate and the method is very general; it applies to other well‐studied partial differential equations such as the Korteweg–de Vries equation, ut+uux =uxxx.


The aim of this paper is to test and apply techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing to megageomorphologic studies of large fluvial basins. The study areas is the Araguaia River basin which spread on 2 375000 km along Central Brazil. A DEM (digital elevation model) was obtained from a Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar-IFSAR sensor, obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-SRTM. The main objective was to identify the potential of that kind of tools for geomorphologic studies. The main performed products were shady relief map, hipsometric map, identification of structural lineaments, slope map and drainage network as well as transverse cross sections and the longitudinal profile of the Araguaia river. Our results shown that, in general, the 3D models or DEM are a very efficient tool for macrogeomorphological analysis in large fluvial basins. However the low vertical resolution produce some relatively poor results in flat areas.


A substrate, and the low thermal conductivity of the organic layer has a low thermal conductivity of the inorganic laminate, a jacket is provided for vacuum insulation panels. Low thermal conductivity of the inorganic laminate, will contain a low thermal conductivity non-metallic inorganic materials and / or low thermal conductivity of the metallic material.


A multi-function online melting cast iron measuring analyzer was researched and designed.This device combined the function of thermal analysis for the quality analysis of melting iron and ultrasonic measuring for modularity.The system composed by PC104 and single chip microcomputer SPCE061 and other peripheral circuits.The temperature collection and ultrasonic measuring module was designed,the software of data analysis and manage was programmed with VB6.0 based on PC104 and windows operation system.


The present invention relates to a reversible thermal discoloration aqueous ink composition, a writing instrument using the ink composition, the writing instrument from the writing instrument package and the friction member thereof. The reversible thermal discoloration aqueous ink composition of water, a water-soluble organic solvent, a reversible thermal discoloration microcapsule pigment, a comb-type polymer dispersant having a carboxyl group on a side chain, an organic nitrogen sulfur compound and a water-soluble resin, the said reversible thermal discoloration microcapsule pigment contents of (a) an electron donating coloring organic compound, (B) an electron accepting compound and (C) determines the reaction temperature (a) and the color reaction (B), reversible thermochromic composition of the medium is formed.