That the standard of Education has fallen; that the teachers no longer posses sufficient requisite knowledge, moral integrity nor required teaching ethics and attitude; that the government do not adequately fund the educational system in which the major stake holders do not allow their children to participate in but prefers to send them abroad to study where there is better standard; that the children of the present age no longer study the way and manner their parents did; and many more, are the criticisms or rather condemnations against the Nigerian Educational system. The extent to which these criticism hold water may not be clear but that not with standing they suggest one thing; there is an immense need for a hard look and a radical review of the Nigerian educational system. The review will naturally analyze the prevalent practice and Identity the short falls as well as sources of improvement. Currently, there is craze for ICT and its facilities-the computer systems; tablets, laptops, palm tops, and others. This is with particular reference to the children and youth of the student age. One of the sources of improving the standard of our educational systems, thus could be the adoption of E-Learning as a major instructional media at all levels of the educational system. Thus this paper considers the impacts, challenges and prospects of adopting E-Learning as a major instructional media as a contribution towards the improvement of secondary school education in Enugu State. Keywords: E-learning, Information and communication technology, Instructional media, Secondary schools.


The problem of selecting processes and capacity expansion policies for a chemical complex consisting of continuous chemical processes can be formulated as a multiperiod, mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Based on a variable disaggregation technique which exploits lot sizing substructures, we propose two reformulations of the conventional MILP model. The first one is an NLP reformulation which very quickly yields good suboptimal solutions. The second is an MILP reformulation for exact solutions which leads to up to an order of magnitude faster computational results for large problems due to its tighter linear programming relaxation.


The technology that fully meets the modern requirements of the market in the Russian Federation is presented – stand technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m, both solid and caisson versions on universal stands. This technology, which combines the best solutions of prefabricated, monolithic, panel, brick and other construction technologies, competes with the latest Western developments. The advantages of the proposed technology are as follows: high factory readiness and quality, versatility and architectural expressiveness of building structures (97% of the frame), precast building; energy savings – consumption is three times less compared to existing technologies for the production of reinforced concrete products; material savings (1.5 times less than for monolithic and panel housing construction); high speed of construction (up to 5 ths. m2 of prefabricated monolithic frame per month for one tower crane; lower weight of bearing structures compared to other structures (0.146 m3 of precast concrete per 1 m2 of the total area of the building) and, as a result, lower costs for foundations and the use of mechanisms with a lower load capacity on construction sites; reliable erection without welding; usable area – more than 80% of the total area; free planning solutions; quick adjustment of equipment for the production of products necessary for the market at a given time. The bench technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m is an example of the implementation of inter-industry cooperation in the construction materials and mechanical engineering industry based on Russian scientific developments and adapted modern foreign technologies. Keywords: innovations, construction technology with high factory readiness, modernization of large-panel housing construction and construction industry plants, industrial housing construction, prefabricated monolithic frame, energy efficiency, construction speed.


Kentucky passed farmer friendly legislation in 2003 allowing farmers to process value added food products in their home kitchens with the emphasis on community economic development and farm to table concepts. A unique partnership between the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Kentucky Cabinet for Health Services, Kentucky Department of Agriculture, and Farm Bureau allows farmers to sell home canned foods from the farm, farmers market, or certified roadside stand. The value-added products must contain a fruit, vegetable, or nut grown by the Kentucky processor. Farmers processing low risk products simply register. Over 289 farms in Kentucky are selling items such as pumpkin bread, blueberry jam, and pear preserves. To produce low acid or acidified products, farmers must attend a workshop, have recipes approved by a process authority, develop a label, and make application for a fee. Over 200 farmers have been trained with 36 farmers producing diverse products such as salsa, pickled squash, and corn relish. These products allow farmers to add economic value to their raw produce, reduce waste, and use blemished but otherwise quality produce. Extending the selling season allows the opportunity to strengthen the farm to table link within the community. Without the large capital outlay of a permitted kitchen, farmers can also find which products may be successful for commercial market venues. Data indicates farmers are promoting these concepts within their communities by going beyond traditional marketing of fresh produce and participating in homebased microprocessing to promote value-added products


We describe the tadpole morphology of four species of Hylarana based on larval specimens identified by DNA barcoding. Of these, the larvae of Hylarana attigua and H. maosonensis, two species recently recorded from Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam, had not been previously described; in addition, descriptions of the tadpoles of syntopic H. guentheri and H. nigrovitatta are provided as well. The tadpoles of these four species are generalized exotrophic lentic-benthic forms of Orton's Type 4 with a depressed body shape, dorsolaterally positioned eyes and a moderate height of tail fins. In contrast to the silver-whitish H. guentheri the preserved tadpoles of H. attigua, H. maosonensis and H. nigrovittata are greenish-brown to greyish. The generalized oral discs exhibit a wide gap of marginal papillae on the upper labium and elongated papillae on the lower labium. In general, the keratodont row formulae of the Hylarana species studied herein is 2(2)/3(1) (sometimes 1/3(1) in H. guentheri). Differences between species mainly concern body shape, size in different developmental stages as well as number and shape of oral papillae. H. nigrovittata larvae from near Chiang Mai in northern Thailand mainly differ from Vietnamese specimens in the number and shape of oral papillae. In concert with adult morphological differences and molecular divergences by molecular data this indicates species-level distinctness of the Vietnamese versus the northern Thai populations.


Objective To investigate the curative effect of self-made Metronidazole-Butylamine liquor in the treatment of acne. Methods The management group was treated by the mixture of 0.5% metronidazol and 0.4g/4ml butylamine once a week, and the control group was treated with 2% chlormycetin alcohol once a day; and we analyze the curative effect after 4 weeks. Results There were 45 patients were cured of in management group, and the total effective rate was 98.28% and 72.5% and the recovery rate was 25.7% and 13.2% respectively in the management group and control group. The recovery and total effective rate in management group were significantly higher than that in control group. Conclusions Compared to the traditional 2% chlormycetin alcohol, our self-made Metronidazole-Butylamine liquor has a better effect and a good quality in the treatment of acne and has a wide space for clinical application.


PURPOSE
To observe whether optic nerve can regenerate by peripheral nerve transplantation and GDNF gene transfer.

METHODS
Optic nerve was transected about 2 mm posterior to the eye to establish experimental models of optic neuropathy. Sciatic nerve was sutured to the sheath of injury optic nerve by a 10-0 nylon, pcDNA3-GDNF was smeared to the joint and injected to the vitreous cavity. The regenerated retinal ganglion cells axons were observed by HRP. The retina and optic nerve were observed by pathohistological methods.

RESULTS
Some retinal ganglion cells with regenerated axons could be seen a week after transplantation with large cell bodies. The cells could be identified by HRP. The regenerated nerve fibers grew to the transplanted sciatic nerve. Then the number of retinal ganglion cells with regenerated axons increased with time going. Only a few regenerated retinal ganglion cells could be seen two months after transplantation. The large retinal ganglion cells were seen to have plenty of cytoplasms and be in an active state under electron microscope. Some nerve fibers could be seen in the joint. Sciatic nerve transplantation combined with GDNF gene therapy could increase the amount of retinal ganglion cells with regenerated axons compared with those without GDNF transgene.

CONCLUSIONS
Optic nerve could regenerate by peripheral nerve transplantation and GDNF gene transfer.


Friction stir welding was a promising welding technology from the same moment of its existence because of its easy use, being ecologically friendly processed and with no need for filler metal. The present paper discusses the cost analysis of pipe friction stir welding spicily aluminum 6061.cost estimation were performed on pipe with different thickness 2 to 4 mm. rotational speeds 485 to 1800 RPM and a travel speed 4 to 10 mm/min. The each cost component of joining Al 6061 aluminum pipe welding was each component cost (Labor cost, Power cost, Machine cost and Tooling cost) has been closely analyzed and major cost components have been included in the cost model. We used these cost models to predict the cost of friction stir welded pipe joints. Initial results show that the rotational speed, material thickness and travel speed increased due to increase the total cost. Keywords: Friction stir welding, Aluminum pipe, cost analysis


Nearly everyone uses the Internet, and it's a wealth of untapped potential patients for your practice. But online ads are worthless if you're marketing to the wrong audience.


Abstract : A study was made of all phases of tactical deployment of an AFAR type radar to determine the problems and solutions associated with deployment, and to develop a plan for making the radar responsive to tactical deployment. The study plan contained the following steps: (1) Define tactical radar and support equipment; (2) Develop plan for responsive 'turn-on' of manufacturing and deployment; (3) Investigate radar hardware to determine ways to shorten manufacturing time; (4) Select most promising approach or approaches; (5) Develop scheme for using modular concept with tactical radar and support equipment; (6) Perform schedule tradeoff studies to shorten deployment time; (7) Investigate application of approach(es) to KMR installation--consider what portion of the radar can be used to verify modular deployment concept; (8) Determine schedule impact on 30 month program for delivery of an operational AFAR to KMR; (9) Develop budgetary cost impact on 30 month AFAR Program.


This paper examines the attitudcs of Muslim individuals regarding some religious and social val ues, influence or perception of Ramadan fast. lt examines also the rclatiomhips between influ encc of fast and the attitudcs toward the empaty and the prosocial behaviors in the eight metro poles. The findings, or the results of statistical analyze, indicatc that peoplc (samples of cities)


This paper criticizes the abstraction of Citizens United v. FEC, and examines the ideology underpinning a fact-free understanding of politics.


In certain situations where a firm has an interest in privacy, external parties can be in a position to collude with each other in a manner that violates the firm's privacy. These external parties often have a monetary incentive to collude against the firm. The threat of collusion is discussed within the context of a simple economic model. Although a simple reward scheme can be used to deter collusion, a deterrent based on a long-term business relationship is more effective. An optimal collusion-resistant mechanism is designed with which the firm can filter out parties with low discount factors.


History of Warren -- Today's Historic Commercial District of Warren -- Recent planning, attempts at revitalization, conflicts and concerns -- Proposed design review board ordinance -- Facets of the historic preservation plan.


Increasing the energy effectiveness of buildings focuses mainly on limiting the use of heat and electricity. The benefits from such activities have an impact on the cutting of running costs and assist in environmental protection thanks to the limited demand for primary energy. It is extremely important for the whole of humanity to perform actions to improve the energy effectiveness of buildings. One of the ways of limiting the use of energy for lighting, when it comes to electricity, is to implement a control system, which would enable limiting energy consumption, while giving proper user comfort and safety at the same time. This article describes the legal aspects connected with energy effectiveness and it also deals with a lighting control system that uses daylight.


Hapsifera barbata Christoph mainly damages robinia in Shandong Province.However,after the investigation on the pest of Sophora japonica Linn.,it was found that they also seriously and widly damaged Sophora japonica Linn.In this paper,its damage to Sophora japonica Linn.,occurrence regularity,living habit,enphytotic characteristics and the relationship between its occurrence and environmental factors were introduced.


The need for the Russian Federation to reach the level of a developed economy requires improving the system of direct taxation, since the predominance of budget revenues from direct taxes acts as an indicator of the development of the economy. An effectively developed tax system always increases the authority of taxes in the eyes of the population. In the field of the formation of the revenue side of the budget at all levels, direct taxes adopted in our state are of particular interest. The predominance of the share of direct taxes in state budget revenues speaks of a highly developed economy. This dependence determines from a theoretical and practical point of view the relevance of studying the problem of direct taxation, as well as its impact on the efficiency of business entities and the accumulation of funds in the state budget. In our country, one can observe the predominance of the use of indirect taxation. Despite this, receipts from direct taxes to state revenues have recently significantly prevailed. This suggests that the Russian Federation is moving into the cohort of developed countries.


In the contemporary changing ICT environment, an increasing number of services and devices are being developed and brought to end-user market. Unfortunately, this environment is also characterized by an increasing number of failing innovations; confronting scholars, policy makers as well as industry with an explicit need for more accurate user research. Such research must result in more accurate predictions and forecasts of an innovation's potential, as a basis for more efficient business planning and strategy implementation. However, the success of a new technology is not only depending on the adoption decision and the number of people actually buying it, but relies at least as much on its actual usage. Hence, the focus of truly user-oriented acceptance or potential prediction should focus on predicting both adoption diffusion and use diffusion. Within this paper, we illustrate the added value of such an interactionist approach for the study of future adoption and usage of mobile TV by the assessment of both a large-scale intention survey and qualitative techniques such as diary studies, focus group interviews, observational and ethnographic methods.


Coordination and team work between periodontists and orthodontists plays vital role to boost clinical outcomes of mutual therapies concerning interdisciplinary. Furthermore, imprints on orthodontic therapy by reduction in usual treatment time and resisting anchorage loss. Teamwork of orthodontia and periodontia specialties can create imprints to improve periodontal health as a result of orthodontic treatment. However, equal and reciprocal important that maintenance of periodontal health boosts orthodontic treatment success. Hence, it clears that, interdisciplinary approaches of periodontology and orthodontia plays major role in existing treatment alternatives like periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). PAOO technique may defined as modified decortication with bone grafting augmentations to facilitate faster orthodontic treatment outcome than conventional approaches with least trauma to root and underlying and associate structures. This technique utilizes natural bone remodeling process i.e.( transient nature of demineralization-remineralisation process in healthy tissues). Implications of PAOO technique in healthy hard and soft (bone and periodontium) tissue leads to supplementary advantages like reduced orthodontic treatment time, increased bone volume and post-orthodontic stability.Pedestal of existing literature, our aim is to present a comprehensive knowledge and idea of PAOO technique for clinician and


Abstract Recently, a new polymorph of TiOPc with characteristic XRD peaks at 2θ = 9.5 and 27.3° has been identified as having a quantum efficiency of carrier generation in the infrared approaching unity. In this paper, we will discuss the use of electric field induced fluorescence quenching technique in investigating the photoconductivity of this highly sensitive form of TiOPc. Linear correlation found between electric field induced fluorescence quenching and carrier generation in this material indicates that the photogeneration involves the field assisted dissociation of the first excited singlet state which is typical of other phthalocyanines. However, the highly sensitive TiOPc exhibits a smaller overall field dependence of carrier generation and an efficient carrier generation is "switched on" at much lower applied fields. Furthermore photoconductive and fluorescence responses are humidity dependent indicating that water plays an important role in the photogeneration processes.


Using a numerical general equilibrium model we examine the possible production, trade and welfare effects of successful implementation of the Uruguay Round results. The model includes trade in manufactures and (some) services among industrial regions and countries; there is imperfect competition in most markets in the model, and we account for reductions in both tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Our results indicate that the welfare effects of the liberalization we consider (i.e. ignoring both agriculture and trade with developing countries) may be fairly limited. Compared with a scenario of GATT failure and global protectionism, on the other hand, the gains are significant, and we conclude that the Uruguay Round plays an important role in avoiding a trade war in manufactures. We also show that the dynamic effects through endogenous investment growth might be just as important as the static effects reported.


Abstracts Thomas Piketty's monumental Capital in the Twenty-First Century has transported us to a higher understanding of the historical evolution of inequality. This essay attempts to inventory the different avenues of research, more or less promising, that scholars might usefully pursue when building on his work. The most important path to follow is the history of inequalities in income that Piketty and his team have flagged up so well, supported by the book's history of the great shocks of the twentieth century and the political responses that they elicited. Less promising is the book's emphasis on wealth, capital, and the rate of return. The best predictions of future inequality can be achieved by merging Piketty and his team's history of those who hold the top 10 percent of income with works dedicated to the history of inequality within the lower 90 percent. It is also necessary to integrate other scholarship that has demonstrated that the sort of democratic system Piketty calls for would have positive effects on growth.


The controlling system of triple pulse vacuum sterilizer for dental use adopts PIC single-chip computer as the controller. The information related to stream temperature and pressure of the stream and liquid mixture in the hermetic vessel is acquired and controlled. Linearization measurements of the temperature and pressure and fuzzy control technology are all involved in. The experiment result shows that the controlling system makes the sterilizer free from overshoot, steady-state error and non-robustness.


Instant messaging (IM) provides real-time communication between two or more participants over the Internet. Today's instant messaging products are proliferating and playing an increasingly important role in life. However, the problem of user identity and communication data leakage is gradually revealed. To address the data privacy and security problems brought by current IM systems, this paper proposes a trusted IM model based on blockchain technology, applying IPFS technology, blockchain technology combined with data encryption technology and distributed identity (DID) to design a decentralized instant messaging model, where user identity and data cannot be unilaterally tampered with or destroyed, ensuring the privacy of communication data. The overall structure of the system and the design of each module function are also introduced to provide new ideas for the study of a secure decentralized communication model.


The objective of this article is to study the performance characteristics of the journal bearing experimentally having different geometries operating with commercial Mobil grade lubricants that are used in power plant. Three grades of Mobil lubricants (DTE 24, DTE 25, and DTE 26) have been considered during the study. TiO 2 nanoparticle additives have also been considered during the study as a lubricant additive to examine the performance of journal bearings. An analytical approach was presented in the author's earlier work to obtain pressure and temperature profile. The dynamic characteristics such as stiffness and damping properties of journal bearings are represented in this paper. An experimental test rig is developed to accommodate any geometrical type of bearing. An elliptical journal bearing shows the superior performance than that of a plain bearing. The obtained experimental results are in a very good agreement with theoretical results for pressure and temperature profile.


A novel class of chiral phase transfer catalysts was synthesized and identified.The new catalysts were further employed in enantioselective alkylation of N-(diphenylmethyene) glycine t-butyl ester with various alkyl halides in up to 93% yield and 86% ee.


Lithium‐sulfur batteries are among the promising high‐capacity candidates owing to the superior theoretical capacity of sulfur, when compared with conventional cathodes such as LiCoO2. However, several issues must be addressed before these batteries can be considered fully operational. Major issues regard the insulating nature of sulfur and the so‐called shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides, which dramatically reduces the cathode capacity upon cycling. In this work, we characterize three carbon‐containing polymer‐derived ceramic aerogels belonging to the Si‐C‐O and Si‐C‐N systems, infiltrated with sulfur to work as cathodes for Li‐S batteries. The electrochemical performances are evaluated in relation to the microstructural and chemical features of such materials. In particular, the effect of the pore size of the ceramic matrices on the shuttling behavior of polysulfides is investigated. Despite the high initial specific capacities exceeding hundreds of mAh·g‐1, all types of cathodes show stable capacities in the 60‐120 mAh·g‐1 range after 100 cycles.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The purpose of this study was to describe the science learning process and the teaching materials used by teachers in science learning. The type of research to be conducted is descriptive quantitative research. Respondents in this study were 26 students of class VIIIA MtsN 6 Sijunjung. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire filled out by students and an interview sheet with the educator. The result of the research is that the science learning process is more predominantly carried out through the lecture method compared to the experimental / practicum / inquiry labs method by 83% and the teaching materials most often used by teachers in science learning are textbooks by 85%. Science learning has not facilitated students to have scientific literacy because science learning is more often carried out by the lecture method. Thus, teachers need to develop appropriate teaching materials in order to increase students' motivation and scientific literacy.


This paper considers the problem of designing non-fragile H∞ filter for continuous-time linear singular systems. Attention is focused on the design of a non-fragile H∞ filter such that the filtering error system is admissible (regular, impulse-free and stable) and the transfer function from the disturbance to the filtering error output satisfies a prescribed H∞ noise attenuation level, where the designed non-fragile filter is assumed to have additive gain variations. Based on bounded real lemma and fisher lemma, sufficient conditions for the existence of the non-fragile H∞ filter are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.


objective To explore the clinical efficacy of onlay preputial island flap urethroplasty in treatment of hypospadias.Methods All of 52 cases with hypospadias received onlay preputial island flap urethroplasty,6 cases were of coronal hypospadias,41 cases were of penile type,the 5 cases were of penoscrotal type.The number F8 ~ F10 of silica gel were used as support in the treatment,and the urinary drainage tube was pulled out 8 ~ 10 d after operation.Results All patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years,37 cases were successfully treated,and the successful rate was 71.2%.Sixteen cases supervened with urinary fistula,no urethral stricture and urethral diverticulum occurred.Patients with urinary fistula were repaired for 6 months and cured.The appearance of penis was normal,and the urine flow rate was no statistical difference(P 0.05).Conclusion Onlay preputial island flap urethroplasty has good effect in treatment of hypospadias,which makes the appearance of penis beautiful,especially for the mild and moderate chordee of penis.


The present state-of-the art of in-situ optical particle size analyzers is reviewed, and their capabilities for the analysis of particles >0.5..mu..m in combustion exhausts is accessed. The scope of the review is further limited in that only those analyzers applicable to particles with unknown properties and size distribution are considered. These limitations on the use of the analyzer led to categorizing suitable analyzers into three types: (1) single angle scattering; (2) intensity ratio; and (3) fringe visibility. Each type analyzer is discussed in some detail. (BLM)


hani al model for MOS devices with semi-classical method is . 1) effects are neglected in the modeL In this model the e in luded. The model is valid for arbitrary distribution of Dit We have performed numerical calculation for uniform and rap charges are included in surface charges to calculate the lectric field is used to calculate the gate oltage. When we .these changes, a significant effect of interface trap density on ~"' . The doping density dependence of this effect is also studied . It is el can be used for quick estimation of the effects of the interface o ltage characteristics.


Binary alloys of chromium-iron (Cr–Fe) are no longer used in dental and orthopaedic applications, and were used only for comparative purposes in the present study. Four kinds of Cr–Fe binary alloys, namely, 10 mass%, 15 mass%, 20 mass% and 30 mass%Cr in Fe, and 100%Cr and SUS316L were prepared. These metals were subcutaneously implanted into rats for four months. There was no significant difference in body weights and organ weights among control (sham-operation) and implant-groups, and no significant accumulation of Cr and Fe in the blood, liver or kidney of the alloy implant groups. To clarify the usefulness of urinary monitoring, the Cr and Fe concentrations in rat urine after implantation were analyzed. Alloy implant groups, including the SUS316L group, intended to excrete higher urinary Cr amounts than the control group during the 3 weeks after implantation. Urinary Cr and Fe amounts of the 15%Cr-alloy group showed especially high values in comparison not only with the control level but also the other alloy groups. The visual corrosion extents of the retrieved implants showed the following order: 10%Cr > 15%Cr > 20%Cr > 30%Cr > 100%Cr, SUS316L, and did not always correlate with the levels of the urinary amounts of Cr and Fe. From these findings, monitoring of urinary metal amounts is considered to be useful to monitor the in vivo elution property non-invasively.


Effects of multipath interference (MPI) mitigation for different modulation schemes in analog IFoF link is experimentally evaluated. The results show phase-dithered and polarization- scrambled IFoF signal could tolerate 30-dB MPI for two types of external modulations.


W-band power performance is reported on an N-polar GaN HEMT for the first time, resulting in a record output power density for any GaN device on a sapphire substrate. This result is achieved using an N-polar GaN deep recess MISHEMT structure grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on the sapphire substrates. The key component in this device design is the addition of an in situ unintentionally doped GaN epitaxial passivation layer in the access regions of the transistor. This GaN layer functions both to control DC-to-RF dispersion as well as to increase the conductivity in the access regions of the HEMT. Devices with very low dispersion and a simultaneous fmax/ft combination of 276/149 GHz are demonstrated. Load pull measurements at 94 GHz give a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 20% with an associated output power density of 1.73 W/mm at VDS = 8 V. A record 2.9-W/mm maximum output power density with an associated 15.5% PAE at VDS = 10 V is achieved despite the low thermal conductivity of the sample's sapphire substrate.


A rapid method and sensitive methods for extraction of bacterial DNA from pure culture and directly from plant materiel were compared in polymerase chain reaction with specific primers VCF3/VCR3 to see the reliable method that can used in the detection of tumorigenic strain of Allorhizobium vitis causal agent of grapevine crown gall. From the three tested methods of DNA extraction from pure culture, the alkaline method is the most effective technique for the extraction presenting a high sensitivity with a detection threshold equal to 5.104 CFU/ml. Five different protocols for extracting bacterial DNA from plant tissues of infected tomato, based on the use of an extraction buffer, were tested to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic strain of A. vitisS4. Two protocols based on the use of Triton X-100 and Tween 20 were efficient for detecting A. vitis S4 directly from tomato tumors with a sensitivity of 103 CFU/ml for the both protocols. Consequently, these protocols were proposed as specific protocols for the detection of tumorigenic strain of A. vitis from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants.

https://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/45 IJEAB-JUL-2017-39-Rapid and sensitive methods for detection.pdf


DEAR SIR: During the months of September to November 1978, we encountered a previously unrecognized fatal disease of young pups in the 4 to 6 week age range. A total of25 previously healthy pups among 31 in six litters from Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories died suddenly, usually without a history or clinical evidence of disease. Slight depression occurred for less than a day in a few cases, and several became distressed and were heard to cry out immediately before being found dead. At necropsy, the major gross lesion found in all cases was pulmonary edema, which, in several instances, lead to a suspicion of interstitial pneumonia, but on histological examination, the pulmonary change could be attributed to edema resulting from cardiac failure. The outstanding microscopic lesion involved the ventricular myocardium, in which widespread, focally-intense, nonsuppurative inflammation was consistently found, although the degree of mononuclear inflammatory infiltration was variable. Intranuclear inclusion bodies of variable density were recognizable within cardiac myofibers in each of the eleven pups necropsied, but in several they were infrequent and not present in every section. However, in the most severely affected cases, several inclusions were usually evident in each high magnification microscopic field. The most dense inclusion bodies were purple on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, and were surrounded by a narrow, clear space within the nuclear envelope, but other inclusions were less densely stained and completely filled the nuclei. Inclusion bodies were not found in other tissues of affected pups. On ultrastructural examination, inclusion bodies contained large numbers of small regular particles which closely resembled parvoviruses, having both empty capsids and complete virions and being of similar size (approximately 20 nm). No bacterial pathogens were cultured, and no cytopathic agents were isolated in canine kidney cell cultures from various tissues, including myocardium. Microscopic lesions, as described in parvoviral enteritis, were not evident in any of these cases. Parvoviruses have not been recorded as a cause of myocarditis in dogs, so the recent recognition of these cases in pups, at a time when canine parvoviral enteritis has also been recognized in Canada (1), is of particular interest. We are presently attempting to isolate and identify the parvovirus-like agent observed in this disease.


OBJECTIVE To Piper wallichii(Miq.) Hand-Mazz var,Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb.Et Zucc.) Planch.,compared Trachelospermum jasminoides(Lind1.)Lem identification.METHODS The ingredients of plants,traits,microscopic three areas to identify Piper wallichii(Miq.) Hand-Mazz var,Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb.Et Zucc.) Planch,Trachelospermum jasminoides(Lind1.)Lem.RESULTS In the original Piper wallichii(Miq.) Hand-Mazz var,Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb.Et Zucc.) Planch.,compared Trachelospermum jasminoides(Lind1.)Lem plants,traits,microscopic three areas there are greater differences.CONCLUSION Piper wallichii(Miq.) Hand-Mazz var goods Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb.Et Zucc.) Planch.its confusion,Tongxinluo stone on the vine in the deployment of confusion can not be used.


Immediate and precise clinical conclusion is fundamental for viable treatment of sicknesses. It utilizes AI calculations and dependent on the consequences of research centre blood tests, we have constructed two models anticipating hematologic sickness. One prescient model uses all accessible boundaries for blood tests and another utilized just a diminished set that is typically estimated in understanding confirmation. The two sorts yield positive results, securing 0.88 and 0.86 judicious data from an overview of five no doubt infections and 0.59 and 0.57 while pondering only the most likely disease. Models it was not altogether extraordinary, showing that the diminished arrangement of boundaries can address the relating "Fingerprints" of the infection. This data upgrades the utilization of the model to be used by broad experts and it shows that the consequences of a blood test contain more data than specialists normally do. A clinical preliminary has shown, the precision of our theoretical models was reliable with hematology treatment specialists. Our examination rushes to show that the learning model is a blood-based judicious model tests alone can be used satisfactorily to expect Hematological sicknesses. This impact can likewise be opened exceptional freedoms for clinical analysis.


This paper presents part of a research that studied the Mathematics Teacher Degree program at UFSCar since its creation in 1975. Based on analysis of documents and the curriculum of the program in terms of credit hours allocated to internships, as well as the courses in specific and pedagogic fields, what is most salient is an increase in credit


As Romania has become on 1 January 2007 a member state of the European Union, it aims to access the Euro Zone, after it will have fulfilled the economical conditions; thus Romania will be completely integrated in the Economic and Monetary Union. Romania must accomplish more requirements and the preparation for the day when it will be able to adopt the unique currency – euro – is very difficult. According to the new regulations a country is allowed to access the Euro Zone only after two years from its accession to the European Union. The present situation of the Romanian economy does not allow us to be very optimistic regarding the date on which Romania will adopt euro as Romania's unique currency.


The matrix solving method with varying energy bin is employed to realize the construction of X- ray energy spectrum using the effect of energy- spectrum- widen and binding the theory analysis in this paper.For the matrix solving method,we can dispel the correlation of every vector in the matrix so as to achieving the accurate spectrum results through choosing suitable energy bins.Then,to test the matrix solving method,X-ray with uniform energy distribution and real bremsstrahlung X- ray were taken as the original incident source respectively,and the two constructed spectrum were achieved.The comparison results show that the matrix solving method is useful and the correlation parameter of the original spectrum and the constructed results is about 0.98.


The structure and growth trend of the Picea crassifolia populations on eastern Qilian Mountains were analyzed using the method of size structure and cluster. The results demonstrated that there were four types of size structure of the populations as the increasing type,the stationary type,the mature type and the declining type;the Picea crassifolia populations on eastern Qilian Mountains were mostly in middle-aged forest stage,belonging to a stationary type;the relationship between size structure dynamic of the populations and succession appeared to be linear,embodying the tendency toward steady state of the population by self-organization and self-development;some non-linear fluctuation of size structure occurred in the mature and over mature stages,embodying the relative steady-state by self-regulation and self-repair of the population.


Objective To study the role of UACR in predicting the first-ever cardio-cerebrovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods Four thousand and twenty-six hypertensive patients in our hospital were included in this study.Those with their UACR measured were divided into group A(n=100),group B(n=100),group C(n=102)and group D(n=998)with a UACR level of 0.04-3.10mg/g,3.11-9.62mg/g,9.63-18.24mg/g,18.25-30.00mg/g,respectively.The patients were followed up for 3.5±0.5years.The role of UACR in predicting the first-ever cardio-cerebrovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients was analyzed.Results The incidence of first-ever cardio-cerebrovascular events,cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction was significantly higher in group D than in group A(P0.05).Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the relative risk of first-ever cardio-cerebrovascular events,cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction was 1.68-fold,1.52-fold,2.49-fold higher in group D than in group A(95%CI:1.23-2.45,P=0.002;95%CI:1.14-2.36,P= 0.036;95%CI:1.27-3.44,P=0.004).Conclusion The baseline UACR level can predict the risk of first-ever cardio-cerebrovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients.The risk of firstever cardio-cerebrovascular events,especially cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction,is higher in those with a higher UACR


The gender gap in working conditions has barely improved in South Korea where various measures for gender equality have been in place for a relatively long time. Furthermore, the female employment rate is also the lowest in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. This study will evaluate the stratified structure of the labor market to identify the causes and will analyze changes in the gender employment distribution and mobility. This study conducted an empirical analysis of gender distribution and labor mobility in the South Korean labor market, utilizing long-term data (2005–2014) from the supplementary survey by employment type on the Economically Active Population of the Korea National Statistical Office. From the analysis, women showed a relatively smaller increase than men in the primary labor market, classified as the large and standard employment market, in 2014 compared with 2005, but showed a relatively greater increase than men in the secondary labor market, comprising the small–medium and non-standard employment market. Thus, gender skewness in employment distribution was greater in the stratified labor market. On the other hand, the non-economically active population more than doubled for women compared to men. From the analysis of labor mobility by gender, a higher proportion of women were employed in the peripheral labor market than in the core labor market and women were also more likely to be employed in the relatively weak peripheral labor market. These results imply that dichotomous gender equality policies for resolving the gender gap have a certain limitation in the stratified labor market. Thus, what is needed is a holistic approach that takes into account the labor market structure.


Submitted for the MAS17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Towards two-dimensional quantum gases of strongly dipolar molecules1 ADEN LAM, NICCOLO BIGAGLI, CLAIREWARNER, SEBASTIAN WILL, Columbia University — In recent years, ultracold atoms have been very successful in investigating strongly interacting quantum many-body systems. The experimental toolkit of atomic physics provides precise control of the interactions via external fields. Exploiting this control, ultracold atoms can be bound into deeply bound molecules that possess useful internal degrees of freedom. In particular, heteronuclear molecules in the rovibrational ground state with tunable dipolar interactions make the study of quantum systems with strong long-range interactions accessible and constitute an attractive system for quantum simulation. At Columbia, we are working towards a two-dimensional (2D) system of ultracold dipolar molecules to study novel phases in 2D quantum systems with long-range interactions. In a regime where repulsive dipolar interactions dominate, the emergence of a self-organised crystal phase is predicted. Upon reducing the interaction strength, a quantum phase transition into a dipolar superfluid is expected, as well as the possible appearance of a supersolid. In the setup under construction, we will use homogeneous electric fields created by in-vacuum electrodes to control the dipolar interactions. In addition, we will be able to observe the 2D quantum phases via high resolution imaging. 1This research is supported by the Sloan Foundation. Aden Lam Columbia Univ Date submitted: 30 Sep 2017 Electronic form version 1.4


The origin of oriented recrystallization behavior of vacuum carbon evaporated preoriented polymer thin films was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction with elaborately designed experimental setups. Through the recrystallization of HDPE in the iPP/HDPE-C sandwich layers with its original chain orientation being preserved by the coated carbon other than epitaxially crystallized on the highly oriented iPP substrate as usually happened without carbon coating, the graphoepitaxial crystallization of the polymer melts on their surface carbon replicas is ruled out of the origin of the oriented recrystallization. Through the different melt recrystallization behavior of melt-drawn 1-iPB thin films on and with vacuum evaporated carbon layers, the strong fixing effect of vacuum evaporated carbon layers on the polymer films has been recognized. This is further confirmed by the dissolution test of the vacuum carbon deposited HDPE thin films. The exact mechanism of the fixing effect of vacuum evaporated carbon layers on the thin polymer films is not quite clear yet. The recognition of the fixing effect is, however, sufficient to explain the oriented recrystallization phenomenon of the carbon coated preoriented thin polymer films. Namely, the vacuum evaporated carbon layer on the polymer thin film has prevented the surface extended macromolecular stems of the crystals from melting or at least from a complete relaxing during high-temperature annealing, and the surface fixing confined crystallization has induced the oriented recrystallization of the thin polymer molten layer.


The theme of "class identification" has been theoretically discussed in the studies on social stratification in postwar Japan, and we consider the Fararo − Kosaka Model (FK Model) as characterizing such studies. However, the FK Model did not deal with the changes in the distribution of class identification brought about by changes in occupational structure. This article aims to clarify the mechanism underlying the changes in the distribution of class identification, in order to overcome the limitations of the FK Model. As a result, it is shown that the relation between changes in occupational structure and changes in the distribution of class identification can be rationally explained under the assumption that the individual that inherited status from his/her parent tends to strongly commit to his/her social class. At the same time, it is confirmed that the mechanism for class identification is empirically supported by the Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey data.


The problem of modeling human understanding and generation of a coherent dialog is investigated by simulating a conversation participant. The rule-based system currently under development attempts to capture the intuitive concept of "topic" using data structures consisting of declarative representations of the subjects under discussion linked to the utterances and rules that generated them. Scripts, goal trees, and a semantic network are brought to bear by general, domain-independent conversational rules to understand and generate coherent topic transitions and specific output utterances.


Objective To investigage the relationship between esophageal cancer cell cycle and chemotherapy efficacy.Methods:Flow-cytometry was used to analyse the cell cycle and DNA ploidy of 43 cases of advanced esophageal cancer, and PFL chemotherapy regimen was used to treat these esophageal cancer patients, the chemotherapeutic effect and side effect were evaluated after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Results:There were significant difference between PR+SD cases and PD cases in S phase rate and PI respectively(P0.05).The DNA ploidy analysis results had significant difference when the PR and SD groups compared to the PD group(P0.05) Conclusion:Analysis of cell cycle by flow-cytometry may be used to primarily predict the chemotherapy effect of esophageal cancer patients and can be a complementary technology to the EC personal chemotherapy.


PREFACE 1. Introduction: Portraits of a Dance 2. Cuban Dance Culture 3. Cuban People and Rumberos 4. Performance of Rumba 5. Symbolic Aspects of Rumba 6. Social and Aesthetic Change in Cuba APPENDIX: LABANOTATION NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX


Abstract In this work, two high order sliding mode observers under cascade form are proposed in order to estimate the important states and inputs affecting the lateral dynamics of two-wheeled vehicles. The first observer is based on a vision system and is used to estimate the lateral velocity of the vehicle. This velocity is considered as an additional measure for the second observer which is designed to estimate the tire forces, the roll angle and torque applied to the handle-bar. The main contribution of this work is the estimation of the tire forces even with the variation of the longitudinal velocity and without the prior knowledge of the pneumatic coefficients.


Increased demand for barley has changed the proportion of crops grown in Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic USA. Winter wheat is the predominant small grain crop, but barley can be a direct substitute, although much less of it is grown. Soybean is grown full-season and doublecropped after both small grains. Historically, wheat was the primary small grain in the soybean double-crop rotation because of its greater profitability. The barley-soybean cropping system is not a new concept in the region, but the literature is outdated. New agronomic and economic data that directly compares full-season soybean, barley-soybean, and wheat-soybean systems using modern cultivars and management practices is needed. The objectives of this research were to: i) determine soybean yield and compare cropping system profitability of the three cropping systems; ii) perform a breakeven sensitivity analysis of the three cropping systems; and iii) determine the effect of planting date and previous winter crop on soybean yield and yield components. Soybean grown after barley yielded more than full-season soybean in two of six locations and more than soybean double-cropped after wheat in three of six locations. Net returns for the barley-soybean system were the greatest. These data indicate that soybean double-cropped after barley has the potential to yield equal to or greater than full-season soybean or double-cropped soybean following wheat, but its relative yield is very dependent on growing conditions. The profitability comparison indicated that the barley-soybean cropping system was generally more profitable than the full-season soybean and double-cropped wheat-soybean systems. This conclusion was supported by the breakeven sensitivity analysis, but remains dependent on prices that have been extremely volatile in recent years. In another study, soybean


—Hansenothuria benti, new genus, new species, is described and illustrated from material collected with the Research Submersibles JohnsonSea-Link I and II on bathyal slopes of the Bahama Islands at depths of 639904 m. This species was also observed at St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, at depths of 363-447 m. On several occasions, H. benti has been observed to swim in response to physical disturbance. From 1983 to 1988, in collaboration with Dr. Gordon Hendler (Los Angeles County Museum —LACM) and Porter M. Kier (Director Emeritus, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution—SI), we studied the composition and ecology of the echinoderm fauna of the bathyal slopes of the Bahama Islands using the research submersibles Johnson-Sea-Link (JSL) I and II (Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc.—HBOI). A total of 84 dives was made to depths of 200-904 m, and the diverse echinoderm fauna, comprising at least 180 conspicuous species, was sampled, photographed, and videotaped. Of the 10 bathyal holothurian species encountered, one of the most common proved to be a, new genus and species of the Family Synallactidae. In April 1989, after this paper was accepted for publication, the authors participated in a JSL expedition to the Lesser Antilles, and this new species was again observed, on seven of 10 dives conducted off the west coast of St. Vincent. It is of particular interest for it has the ability to swim when disturbed. It is a facultative swimming species (sensu Miller & Pawson 1990) whose swimming behavior is described in detail elsewhere (Miller & Pawson 1990). The Family Synallactidae has a worldwide distribution in bathyal and abyssal depths, and at present it comprises approximately 15 genera and 120 species. Synallactid genera and species are usually difficult to characterize, and the family is in urgent need of a thorough revision. Under these circumstances we are reluctant to erect a new genus for the species described here, but its unique diagnostic features preclude referral of the species to any of the existing confamilial genera.


Present-day quantum communication predominantly depends on trusted relays (e.g., quantum repeaters, low-Earth-orbit satellite) connected by optical fiber cables to transmit information. However, recent evidence supports a decades-old concept that quantum entanglement, harnessed by current quantum communication systems, does not necessarily rely on a physical relay medium. In modern quantum communication networks, this trusted relay infrastructure is (1) susceptible to security attacks, (2) limited by the channel capacity, (3) subject to decoherence loss, and (4) expensive to set up. The instantaneous and faster-than-light activities of quantum entanglement occurring in quantum communication have suggested guidance by some non-locality nature. On the contrary, neither ground nor space-relays have shown or been demonstrated to embody it. It is proposed in this paper that the non-locality nature of quantum theory governs quantum entanglement; elementary particles, components of a universal quantum body, can achieve remote entanglement regardless of a physical medium or spatial proximity. Evidence and theory supporting remote entanglement in superconducting quantum systems (entanglement fidelities for communication in particular) are presented. One such particle, the photon, representing a basic unit of quantum information, qubit |ψ ⟩ = α |0⟩ + β |1⟩, consists of real continuous values in complex numbers (α, β) with infinite precision. These values (α, β) can account for the distinctiveness of qubits and result in an identityQuID that possibly supports remote entanglement. New approaches to medium-free secure quantum communication are suggested by running simulations and actual quantum computations on a quantum circuit.


Radiant ceiling panels have been used in northern Europe for more than 20 years because of its capability to satisfy better conditions than all-air systems. The flow rate of supply air can be reduced drastically by using panels as the flow of supply air only needs to meet ventilation load requirement. This is possible due to the ability of panels to transfer heat by convection and radiation to maintain indoor temperature. The consumption of energy reduces with radiant panel as the electrical power to supply conditioned air reduces. It reduces the draft and gradient in temperature in space as well. This helps in improving the comfort level inside a space. On the other hand, the shortcoming with a radiant panel is that it is not capable of controlling the humidity of space. For a hot and humid climate this could be a key issue while accepting this kind of panel because the temperature of circulating fluid supplied to the panel is limited to avoid condensation in such a climatic condition. To overcome the limitation of radiant panel with humidity control, a novel panel is developed at the University of Saskatchewan (UOS), Canada. This panel known as heat and moisture transfer panel (HAMP) is designed in such a way that it facilitates both heat and moisture transfer to bring the humidity in a space to an acceptable level. It is a device where water or salt solution is circulated so that a relative humidity of desired level can be generated. The side of the HAMP which is exposed to the air space is covered with a semi permeable membrane which allows moisture to transfer through it but no transfer of liquid is allowed. In the present work this panel has been used inside a room for simulating air flow, temperature distribution and moisture modeling. In order to quantify the effect of the HAMP, the panel has been located at two positions, ceiling and side wall and then simulation have been done to predict its performance. Two different sizes of HAMP has also been considered to see the performance of panel.


We consider the stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equation where the dynamics can vanish at some points, the cost function is strictly positive and is allowed to be discontinuous. More precisely, we consider special class of discontinuities for which the notion of viscosity solution is well-suited. We propose a semi-Lagrangian scheme for the numerical approximation of the viscosity solution in the sense of Ishii and we study its properties. We also prove an a-priori error estimate for the scheme in an integral norm. The last section contains some applications to control and image processing problems.


Contemporary realism, with its enduring vision of conflicting states in anarchy, emphasizes the forces of continuity and the limits of ethical possibility in world politics. My dissertation argues that contemporary formulations of realism can neither account for politics nor guide political action. I engage in a genealogical reconstruction of the two most influential and primary exponents of 20th century realism (Hans Morgenthau and E.H. Carr) to retrieve an ethically robust, historically attentive realism capable of informing contemporary politics and scholarship. The project proceeds in two parts. The first part, "Systematic Normativity in Scientific Realism," traces the collapse of contemporary realism as a scientific project and ethical framework. Through immanent critique, I show that that the two progenitors of scientific realism, Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer, fail to meet their own standards of value-neutral causal theory. Through genealogical reconstruction, I demonstrate how the conceptual and analytical components of scientific realism originate in, and work to buttress, an ultimately untenable normative Realpolitk. The second part of the project, "Critical Realism: Diagnosing Crises and Transforming Society," maps out the constellation of Morgenthau's and Carr's political philosophy, retrieving what I call their "critical realism". Apprehending a world beset by economic, social, and political crises, their political inquiry sought to illuminate the radical conceptual and concrete changes required to renew political and moral life. In addition to showing the necessary trade-off between robust ethics and politics to be illusory, I contend that critical realism offers astute warnings and constructive insights for methodological controversies and substantive research in political science and political theory. This paper, entitled "To Abate, Not to Abet: Modes of Inquiry in Times of Crisis," is excerpted from the second part of the project and examines Morgenthau's and Carr's views on scientific and historical knowledge in the context of their diagnosis of crises in 20th century political, social, and economic life. I argue that their particular understanding of crisis explains 1. why they rejected dominant modes of positivist science/history and 2. why they embraced two alternatives: ideology critique and prophetic historical inquiry. I discuss how Morgenthau's and Carr's diagnosis of crisis led them to insist on radical change in political thought and practice and how their political inquiry sought to aid this task by illuminating the necessity and nature of transformation to be undertaken.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A COOLER IN A CONE GROOVES. DEVICE INCLUDES AN AREA LOCATED BETWEEN JUNCTION WAVEGUIDE AND OF Power1 radiator FLAG AND IS MADE BY SECTION GUIDE ONDES2 SMOOTH WALL If EXTENDING TO A DIVISION OF GUIDE ONDES3 WALL CROSS SECTION OF SMOOTH CONSTANT SECTION SHAPED PAVILLON4, WHICH INCREASES THE CROSS SECTION OF WAY MONOTONE AND TWO SECTIONS SHAPED FLAG TWO AREAS WITH FITNESS 5, 8 FITTED GROOVES AND FOLLOWED BY A PERIODIC STRUCTURE RAINURES10. APPLICATION IN PARTICULAR, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ANTENNA.


An accurate monitoring of the State of Charge (SoC) is mandatory for an efficient management of a Lithium-ion battery. Batteries of stationary systems barely have long resting periods when the cumulative errors can be reset. These special requirements make a robust and accurate SoC estimation algorithm necessary. A real stationary system including an experimental microgrid with renewable energy generation, home consumption and a 5.3 kWh Li-ion storage system is analyzed in this paper. Three representative SoC monitoring algorithms are applied and compared in terms of accuracy and robustness to battery aging and current measurement offset. A closed-loop method consisting of an adaptive filter and a state observer achieves best results while having a reasonable computational complexity.


DAVSON, H., and DANIELLI, J. F. 1943. The permeability of natural membranes. New York: Macmillan Co. EGGERT, B. 1931. Die Geschlechtsorgane der Gobiiformes und Blenniiformes. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 139:249-558. ELLIS, W. G., and JONES, J. W. 1939. The activity of the spermatozoa of Salmo salar in relation to osmotic pressure. Jour. Exper. Biol., 16:530-34. GRAY, J. 1920. The relation of the animal cell to electrolytes. I. A physiological study of the egg of the trout. Jour. Physiol., 53:308-19. GREENE, C. W. 1904. Physiological studies of the Chinook salmon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 24:431-


Stimuli-responsive polymers have undoubtedly been of great interest in the past few decades due to a variety of potential applications in biomedical territory but their non-degradability limits their in vivo applications. Herein, we report a novel dual-stimuli responsive pH- and temperature-responsive poly(β-amino ester). The pH/temperature sensitivities are interrelated and can be easily tuned by the PEG-diacrylate chain length and the percentage of biamines in the feed ratio. These dually-responsive polymers are very useful in drug delivery.


The present invention relates to sedimentation with improved resistance to structural fracture, wherein milky lime is carbonated in the presence of at least one gas other than carbon dioxide, or carbonation is carried out in the presence of a static cell grinding unit. The present invention relates to a method for producing calcium carbonate, and precipitated calcium carbonate obtained by such a method.


With the aim of manufacturing 42CrMo4 steel by the electroslag remelting process (ESR) with a certain Ti and Al content and uniform distribution throughout the ingot, a study has been made of the complex metal-slag reactions which take place, especially of the most reactive elements. The thermodynamic activities of the elements in the molten metal and of the oxides in the slag were calculated and theoretic oxidation equilibria of the elements with greatest affinity for oxygen were proposed, as well as their exchange equilibria. Comparison of the theoretic equilibria with experimental results permits interpretation of how the system evolves during remelting and adjustment of the slag composition and other parameters in order to manufacture a steel of a certain composition and uniform from the bottom to the top of the ingot.


Peak current measurements using high bandwidth oscilloscopes show that even small packages exhibit high amplitude FCDM currents. The effects of support templates and vacuum holes on the measured FCDM current waveform are discussed and analyzed, along with other challenges of FCDM stressing small footprint devices.


Muscle dystrophy can occur in the body's organs of human movements such as the legs, thighs, upper arms, palms and fingers of humans so that the sufferer cannot use limbs. Electric wheelchair is not effective for people with muscle dystrophy disabilities, because users have limitations such as defect of the hands. Given these circumstances, this research proposes an electric wheelchair with controlled by electromyography (EMG) which is placed on the arm muscles. This Electric wheelchair use 2-channel electrodes for sampling muscle signal. This research was conducted in Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik (BBRSPDF) Surakarta, Indonesia. The results of the first grip strength testing are less than 35.8 kgf that indicates weakness of the hand grip. The same thing in the second treatment is a weakness in the handle because of n less than 35.8 kgf. The result of robustness test, spherical movement is not robust with a value 0.756 and. 0.000. The result of cylindrical movement is fully robust with a value 0.001 and 0.000. The result of lateral movement is fully robust with a value 0.000 and 0.000. The result of tip movement is fully robust with a value 0.000 and 0.029. The result of hook movement is not robust with a value 0.109 and 0.000.


Abstract The current umprecedented time that the business environment is going trough, due to the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, has generated in the last year and a half an economic and social crisis that forced the companies to change the way they operate and even think. An economic crisis and in this case a medical crisis, is also a facilitator for change within a company and by this paper, we aim to understand the factors that generate change, the concepts of crisis and crisis management along with the dimensions of crisis, along side the presentation of Kotler's Chaotics model, applied on the current crisis. But at the same time, we are presenting some statistics and management strategies and actions that have and must be taken in order tro reduce the impact of the pandemic and also to benefit from the opportunities generated by said crisis, while concluding on the need for change and improving the business strategic objectives trough increased resilience and the implementation of actions that lead to operational and organisational resilience.


In this study, the adsorption of thiophene on the nano-sheet of pristine and the metal doped phosphorene (M=Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The results revealed that the metal doped phosphorene could be used as an efficient surface for thiophene removal. The PDOS analyses have been employed to shed light on the role of the metal dopants (in complex) and thiophene molecule during adsorption. The Sc- and Ti-doped surfaces were found to be more suitable for the adsorption of thiophene in comparison to other metal doped surfaces.


Original scientific paper In this paper an analysis of selection combining (SC) macrodiversity reception performed in correlated Gamma shadowing environment will be presented. At each microlevel maximal ratio combining (MRC) with correlated branches is observed, for mitigating effects of Nakagami-m short-time fading. First, novel closed form expressions are derived for second order statistical measures, level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD). Capitalizing on these expressions, the influence of correlation at macrolevel (shadowing correlation) will be analysed through their derivatives. Provided analysis could find application in current macrodiversity system design.


Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12,2008 in Sichuan Province.Under the circumstance of destructive land transportation and communication disruption,remote sensing technology became the crucial measure of acquiring seismic disaster information,earthquake emergency response and post-earthquake rapid assessment.This paper presents the procedure of earthquake emergency response and post-earthquake rapid assessment using high-resolution remote sensing images.The rapid assessment process involves with many technologies,including rapid remote sensing image correction,image enhancement,seismic damage information extraction,rapid seismic disaster information assessment and web publication of assessment results.Seismic damage information of Wenchuan earthquake was acquired accurately by utilizing the seismic damage recognition and rapid assessment technology of remote sensing data.Wenchuan earthquake intensity distribution map based on remote sensing data is in accordance with that based on ground investigation which is published by China Earthquake Administration.It is the very first time that accurate overall disaster information distribution and preliminary seismic damage assessment results are provided within the 2-6 hours after seismic damage remote sensing images acquired.Seismic damage recognition and rapid assessment technology based on remote sensing play an important role in Wenchuan earthquake disaster information extraction,emergency response and post-earthquake rapid assessment.


A series of 36 anilines and phenols usually used in leather and their concentrations for 50%of maximal effec(tEC50)were selected. Comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA) and Comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA) were performed on these chemicals. The 3D-QSAR of CoMFA and CoMISA models were established. In the CoMFA model, r2= 0.974, q2= 0.719; and in the CoMSIA model, r2= 0.970, q2= 0.749. These indicated that both models were effective and high predictive. The toxicity of the anilines and phenols were relevant with steric, electronic, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic field, which provided theoretical references for further understanding of their toxicity mechanism of action.


This paper highlights the politization of bureaucracy in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to explain the practices of politization in Indonesian bureaucracy. The qualitative approach is used to explore its purpose. The data of this study are gained from secondary sources. The finding of this research concludes that politicization ensues throughout the Indonesian voyage. Further, the politization will be discussed in three periods, included pre-colonial, colonial, Old Order, New Order, and post-New Order.The politization of bureaucracy is determined by liberal democracy, a multi-party system, and high-cost politics.


In quantitative research, direction of causality among the variables is often assumed without a rigorous test. In this study, the directed acyclic graph (DAG) method was used to illuminate causal relationships among fed cattle industry variables, in particular, it was shown that captive supply causes spot market price to change.


Postmodernism, and Postmodernity '' understands better than most critical work the centrality to White Noise of issues surrounding selfhood, especially with regard to Jack, and, provocatively, compares DeLillo's protagonist to Jake Barnes and Silas Lapham. On occasion, differences between US and British higher education mean that some suggestions get lost in translation. British academics may feel envious of certain contributors who refer to their third or fourth meeting with students to discuss White Noise, while they struggle to fit discussion into a single hour. Nevertheless, this book is an insightful and practical guide to its subject, which is likely to prove extremely popular.


Non-isothermal and isothermal decompositions of LiBF4 were studied via TG-DTG method.Both the apparent activation energy Ea and the reaction order n got from both ways had good coherence.Furthermore, when the preexponential factor A got from isothermal decomposition was used to calculate the molecular radius by means of collision theory,the result is in good agreement with the test data.So the conclusion r that collision theory is suitable for LiBF4's thermal decomposition could be gotten.In addition,this conclusion could validate the high reliability of ln A.


This study examined how specific guidelines and heuristics have been used to identify methodological rigor associated with single-case research designs based on quality indicators developed by Horner et al. Specifically, this article describes how literature reviews have applied Horner et al.'s quality indicators and evidence-based criteria. Ten literature reviews were examined to ascertain how literature review teams (a) used the criteria recommended by Horner et al. as meeting the 5-3-20 evidence-based practice (EBP) thresholds (five studies conducted across three different research teams that include a minimum of 20 participants) to assess single-case methodological rigor; and (b) applied the 5-3-20 thresholds to determine whether the independent variables reviewed qualified as potential effective practices. The 10 literature reviews included 120 single-case designs. This study found that 33% of the reviewed single-case designs met Horner et al.'s quality indicator criteria. Three of the literature reviews concluded that examined practices met criteria to qualify as an EBP. Recommendations related to quality indicator criteria and EBP established by the literature review teams as well as directions for future research are discussed.


Error rate performance of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) signals with centre sampling single and double differential detection (CSDD, CSDDD) is analyzed in restricted bandwidth (BW) fast Rayleigh channel. The performance of CSDD and CSDDD schemes is analyzed in the presence of carrier random frequency shift, Doppler frequency shift, co-channel interference (CCI), and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), while the receiver rejects a specified amount of adjacent channel interference (ACI). For the interference, we adopt a model which includes N statistically independent faded CCI. A formula for the error floor is also presented. It is shown that the CSDD scheme is sensitive to frequency offset and in many instances can not be used at all. However, the CSDDD scheme has a potential to combat the effect of frequency shifts and its performance is better than the CSDD scheme with about 2.6 dB when random frequency shifts are introduced into the carrier. Furthermore, the performance of these schemes is improved by utilizing the conventional decision feedback (CDF) technique.


Supervisory Committee Dr. William Carroll (Department of Sociology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Dorothy E. Smith (Department of Sociology) Co-Supervisor Using an institutional ethnographic approach, this research explores the everyday experiences of women living with Multiple Sclerosis and the work they do to understand and manage their illness. Starting with the women's own accounts of their everyday experiences with MS, this research analyzes and explicates the social relations that are involved in their everyday taken-for-granted lifework. An exploration of the ruling institutions coordinating with the everyday work of these women provides insight to some of the struggles and problems people with MS encounter. This project explicates and problematizes the disjuncture between the actual lived experience of having MS and the biomedical institution's authority over the illness.


This paper analyses the extensive reactions and intensive discussions generated by Heshang, a six‐part documentary series aired in June 1988 in China. The documentary, advocating a 'full‐scale adoption of Western ideas', and 'total abandoning of Chinese traditional culture', stirred up party leaders' displeasure. Furthermore, the paper also analyses the presentation rationale and strategy (such as use of symbols, emotional appeal, etc.) used in Heshang. The analysis suggests that the programme producers' experiment of conveying complex social, cultural and historical contents in a documentary format is successful and innovative. Additionally, Heshang has enormous implications for contemporary Chinese politics, in particular the use of television as a public forum on controversial issues. As such, this paper enhances our understanding of the role and impact of the mass media in China.


Does government size and structure adapt to changes in government's organisational environment (particularly to uncertainty and complexity) as predicted by organisational theory? We find – using a range of statistical analyses – support for each of the major theories of organisation adaptation (the contingency-based view, resource-based view, and rational choice view). We find that both government size and structure change – holding other factors constant – for changes in the uncertainty and complexity of governments' organisational environments. We find seven clusters of governments which adapt their organisational sizes differently in response to changes in the uncertainty and complexity of their organisational environments – and four clusters of governments with differing preferences for the way they adapt governmental structures. We also use the available data to divide governments according to the extent to which they adapt their organisational size and structure reactively (after changes occur in their organisational environment), contemporaneously or strategically (before these changes in their organisational environment occur).


We present quantum transport measurements of interacting parallel quantum dots formed in the strands of a carbon nanotube rope. In this molecular quantum dot system, transport is dominated by one quantum dot, while additional resonances from parallel side dots appear, which exhibit a weak gate coupling. This differential gating effect provides a tunability of the quantum dot system with only one gate electrode and provides control over the carbon nanotube strand that carries the current. By tuning the system to different states we use quantum transport as a spectroscopic tool to investigate the inter-dot coupling and show a route to distinguish between various side dots. By comparing the experimental data with master equation calculations, we identify conditions for the tunneling rates that are required in order to observe different manifestations of the inter-dot coupling in the transport spectra.


In this paper, it is pointed out that the discernibility function method based on Skowron's discernibility matrix for computing all attribute reducts of an inconsistent decision table may lead to mistakes. To improve this, a modified discernibility matrix is introduced and a discernibility function method based on this new discernibility matrix is presented. The correctness of the proposed method is proved.


Abstract The diurnal variation of precipitation across California and Nevada has been studied by means of a harmonic analysis of 35 years of hourly precipitation data for 347 stations, and a regional probability of precipitation analysis for grouped stations. Results are shown for the cool (November-April) and warm (May-October) seasons. For all measurable (>0.25 mm) precipitation events, the phase of the cool season diurnal cycle tends to peak between 0300–0900 LST along the coast, between 1000–1300 LST in the coastal mountains and the Sierra Nevada and in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and between 0800–1200 LST in most of Nevada. Similar times are found during the warm season along the coast and in the coastal mountains while there is a shift to 1400–2000 LST inland across the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, the Sierra Nevada and Nevada. For the heavier (>2.5 mm) precipitation events, the phase of the cool season diurnal cycle tends to peak from 1300–1800 LST at many locations. Exceptions in...


probably only four qualities, viz., salt, bitter, sweet, and sour. { Flavours are appreciated through the receptors of smell, as is shown by the fact that during an attack of nasal catarrh, which involves the upper meatus of the nose, the responses of the receptors, stimulated by the chemical nature of the food, are limited to the four qualities of taste. Pungency, a quality of substances, such as ammonia (although ammonia possesses also a quality of smell), is probably experienced through the


Recent non-linear shallow water (NLSW) models usually use the quadratic friction law with Manning's coefficient to describe the surface roughness of the bottom. The consideration of the effect of large roughness elements such as buildings and tree vegetation, which are too small to be resolved by the grid of the bottom topography, is still purely empirical by often using Manning's roughness estimated from previous studies. This approach, however, is not physically sound and may thus result in very large uncertainties in the assessment of inundation hazards. A more physically-based approach is to determine prediction formulae for the hydraulic resistance of large roughness elements of different shapes, sizes and configurations which can then be directly implemented in NLSW models. Such prediction formulae can be determined on the basis of systematic 3D numerical simulations and laboratory studies using a set of configurations of well-parameterized large roughness elements of different shapes and sizes. Results in this paper represent one of the first steps towards the development such an approach, as it relates numerical results to the influence of an artificial reef and an emerged cylinder on the propagation of solitary waves based the numerical simulation using a twoand a threedimensional two-phase Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. Good agreement with physical experimental data and empirical relations found in literature have been achieved.


Lubricant for constant velocity joints comprising: (A) a base oil; (B) a diurea thickening agent obtainable by reacting (i) aniline, (ii) cyclohexylamine and (iii) diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate; (C) a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate; (D) molybdenum disulfide; (E) at least one extreme pressure agent selected from (E1) and zinc dithiophosphates (E2) sulfur-nitrogen extreme pressure agents, wherein the sulfur content of the sulfur-nitrogen-pressure means 5 to 20 wt .-% and the nitrogen content of the sulfur-nitrogen high-pressure agent is 1 to 10 wt .-% weight; and (F) a phosphorus-free sulfur extreme pressure agent, wherein the sulfur content of the phosphorus-free sulfur extreme pressure agent 35 to 50 wt .-% is, wherein the lubricant, based on the total weight of the composition, 1 to 25 wt .-% of the diurea thickener (b); 0.1 to 5 wt .-% of Molybdandialkyldithiocarbamats (c); 0.1 to 5 wt .-% of the molybdenum disulfide (d); 0.05 to 3 wt .-% of the extreme pressure agent (s) selected from (e1) zinc dithiophosphates and (e2) sulfur-nitrogen extreme pressure agents; and 0.1 to 5 wt .-% comprising the phosphorus-free sulfur extreme pressure agent (f).


Rubbish rusticated is a pre-structure choice in the process of urbanization. Through intergovernmental conspiracy, it makes the rural land into a communal land where city residents process living rubbish. This kind of behavior encroached on rural land and harmed the environment of farming land. In the process, the separation between benefit circle and suffer circle, the dispersion of benefit circle, the cumulative of its effect and the impotence of struggle of suffer circle make rural land get no corresponding protection in the face of rubbish rusticated. To change this situation, it depends on the struggle of suffer circle, the support of technique and the change of policy.


During their 3–4 first years of life, triploid sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax grew in a similar fashion to diploids in fork length but more slowly than diploids (P 1 kg) sea bass. The condition factor was reduced in both ploidies during the spawning season which took place in winter when the temperature was low. These observations suggest that any growth advantage in triploids, which were functionally sterile, may be offset by unfavourable environmental conditions. Thus, the potential gain of triploid fish, because they do not direct energy to gonadal growth, could not overcome the effects of low temperature on somatic growth, which coincided with the spawning season. This suggests that the low growth of this species during winter is more a consequence of low temperature than of the energetic cost associated with reproduction. On the other hand, the lower hepatosomatic index in triploid females in contrast to diploid females might be indicative of the lack of gonadal oestradiol-mediated hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin. Also, erythrocyte and haematocrit measurements showed an increased nuclear and cellular volume in triploids, but with similar cell numbers to those of diploids, respectively.


For the development of nickel-base electrodes used for welding 9%Ni steel,it is difficult to enhance cryogenic toughness of deposited metal for meeting the requirements on strength and plasticity parameters.Influence of niobium on microstructure and properties of deposited metal for nickel-base electrodes used for welding 9%Ni steel was investigated by analysis of color microstructure observation,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques on the basis of mechanical properties analysis.The results show that addition of Nb to the deposited metal can significantly enhance its strength and plasticity.However,when the content of Nb reaches 3.5%,the strength and plasticity of deposited metal continue to increase,but the intermetallic compound Laves phases will be formed.Laves phases are brittle phase,which can lead to the decease of cryogenic toughness.


The technique of resisting stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of the inter wall of serviced liquid ammonia tank was analyzed.Practice proves that the design factors include determining the design temperature and the wall thickness of tank determining,the materials of tank selecting,and so on.The manufacturing factors include taking appropriate shaping mode,assembly welding control,post-weld heat treatment control.The operation and maintenance factors include accurate handing exposed manufacturing defects,the composition,pressure,temperature of the medium meet the requirements making.


Sago starch is the primary source of carbohydrates for many people living in lowland Papua New Guinea (PNG). In such areas communities rely on subsistence agriculture and access to health services is limited, The incidence
of gastrointestinal disease is high and a novel haemolytic syndrome with high mortality has been reportedly linked to sago starch consumption. The rapidly increasing population of PNG and environmental impact from industry are
resuulting in increased pressure on customary farming practises. This study investigated the link between traditional techniques of sago starch processing and
storage with microbial contamination in two regions of high sago consumption, Western Province and East Sepik Province. Sociological studies revealed that the proximity of the water source used during the extraction process to human faecal waste disposal might adversely affect the safety of sago starch. The majority of respondents from East Sepik Province (85 percent) had a preference for storing
sago starch in pots, saucepans or buckets with additional water, which may promote fermentation. This storage method was not observed in Western Province, where sago starch is preferentially stored wrapped in leaves. Microbiological
studies found that selected storage methods (wrapped in sago leaves, in pots and smoked) and storage duration influenced the growth and survival of total viable bacteria. lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Optimising methods of traditional sago storage may reduce food-borne pathogens and lessen the incidence of food-borne illness, thus maximising food safety and security in rural PNG.


In view of the misdiagnosed or treated improperly for TB cases, we began to experience a remarkable and unexpected increase in the number and seriousness of active cases of TB in both adult and children population and it became worse in some certain areas of Thailand where HIV/AIDS is epidemic. The author of this article incorporates ideas and recommendations informally released out by the TB Workshop which was conducted in March 1996 on behalf of the Joint Tuberculosis Comittee of Thai Thoracic Society. The issue is aimed to assist improving the provincial tuberculosis programme in formulating effective management on tuberculosis. These broad guidelines encompass at least (i) the global target of TB programme,(ii) the relevant diagnostic criteria in both groups, (iii) outlines of the wide variety of regimens in specific medical conditions notified within TB cases,(iv) the proposed agenda for multiple drug - resistance TB cases and (v) the synopsis approach to TB prevention and prophylaxis chemotherapy in children


In 1326, an entry in the Registrum communium for Barcelona records that the priest Arnau Leopart presented to the bishop of Barcelona the seven-year-old scolar Pere Pexó, to be accepted into a military order, together with a papal letter from the chancery that contained a dispensation for his illegitimate birth (defectus natalium).1 Before accepting the papal dispensation, the bishop, as a matter of form, ordered an inquiry to verify the claims of the clerical candidate. Four witnesses, including the priest Arnau Leopart, gave testimony to the bishop's notary confirming that the young scolar was the son of the priest Pere Pexó and the single woman Maria, who had been his domestic partner. The priest Arnau declared himself to be a 'close friend' (familiaris amicus) who knew the father Pere 'for a long time' since they both held benefices in the same neighbourhood of Barcelona. He knew, moreover, that Maria was 'a good woman' who had been a virgin when she became Pere's concubine. Indeed, all the witnesses, who were respectable citizens of Barcelona, confirmed that Maria had been very young when she lived with the priest and had neither a husband nor a lover before or during their relationship. They also swore that the priest's young son Pere was without any vice or faults that would prevent him from entering into the clerical orders.2 A very similar account appears in Barcelona's episcopal registers when in 1409 the tonsured cleric Ponç Madrenchs, accompanied by his father Ponç Madrenchs, presented his letter of dispensation to the episcopal curia. The following day, the young Ponç's uncle, Ramon Madrenchs, his aunt Caterina Salt and her husband, Francesc Salt, appeared before the court to give testimony in support of Ponç's candidacy. All confirmed that Ponç's parents had been unmarried at the time of his birth. The uncle Ramon stated that he knew this to be a fact because it was he who had arranged for his brother Ponç to marry the sister of Joan Ricart from the village of Granollers. As citizens of Barcelona and a family of woolen cloth producers in the city, it is not surprising that the eldest brother, acting as the patriarch of the family, contracted the marriage of his younger brother. Nor was it unusual that, like many men of the middling strata and lower nobility that appear in these records, Ponç kept a concubine before marriage. In their testimonies, family members emphasised that Sibilia, Ponç's mother,


Administration is a process carried out by a personnel (group) within an organization to achieve the goals of the organization. While students / students / students mean people who are studying (studying in school) So, it can be summed up concisely that student administration is a the process carried out by a person (group) in an effort to manage students / students to achieve educational goals. Administration is important because administration can help and facilitate other subsystems such as student affairs, curriculum, administrative personnel, and others. Next in this article will discuss relating to the notion of administrative administration, processes, office layout and the role of the teacher in administrative administration


- Geospatial Metadata standards are going international. The new standards build upon current technologies and concepts to modernize and modularize geospatial metadata into an operational data component. A quick and cogent summary of ISO metadata content, format, and transition strategies - this presentation can jumpstart your metadata program and enable you to better your GIS best practices.


In this study, the fiber optic fluoro-immunosensor was designed to detect Salmonella typhimurium positive control antigen. The fabricated system is consisted of the multimode optical fiber on which goat antiSalmonella was immobilized. And a sandwich assay is applied to the fabricated the fiber optic fluoro-immunosensor. In the 'sandwich' binding format, a primary or 'capture' antibody is immobilized on the core surface of the multimode optical fiber and a secondary or named as 'tracer' antibody was added to the bulk solution. A tracer is that an antibody is labeled Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC: /spl lambda//sub ex/=492 nm , /spl lambda//sub em/=520 nm). Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 /spl mu/g/ml Salmonella antigen were tested in different fibers. The detection limit of the manufactured system was 1 /spl mu/g/ml, 0.5 /spl mu/g/ml in nonlabeled monolayer phosphate buffered saline (NMP), nonlabeled monolayer carbonate bicarbonate buffer (NMC), respectively.


Uncertainties in the estimation of tree biomass carbon storage across large areas pose challenges for the study of forest carbon cycling at regional and global scales. In this study, we attempted to estimate the present above- ground biomass (AGB) in Alberta, Canada, by taking advan- tage of a spatially explicit data set derived from a combi- nation of forest inventory data from 1968 plots and space- borne light detection and ranging (lidar) canopy height data. Ten climatic variables, together with elevation, were used for model development and assessment. Four approaches, in- cluding spatial interpolation, non-spatial and spatial regres- sion models, and decision-tree-based modeling with random forests algorithm (a machine-learning technique), were com- pared to find the "best" estimates. We found that the random forests approach provided the best accuracy for biomass es- timates. Non-spatial and spatial regression models gave esti- mates similar to random forests, while spatial interpolation greatly overestimated the biomass storage. Using random forests, the total AGB stock in Alberta forests was estimated to be 2.26◊ 10 9 Mg (megagram), with an average AGB den- sity of 56.30± 35.94 Mg ha 1 . At the species level, three ma- jor tree species, lodgepole pine, trembling aspen and white spruce, stocked about 1.39◊ 10 9 Mg biomass, accounting for nearly 62 % of total estimated AGB. Spatial distribu- tion of biomass varied with natural regions, land cover types, and species. Furthermore, the relative importance of predic- tor variables on determining biomass distribution varied with species. This study showed that the combination of ground- based inventory data, spaceborne lidar data, land cover clas- sification, and climatic and environmental variables was an efficient way to estimate the quantity, distribution and varia- tion of forest biomass carbon stocks across large regions.


Glomus tumors are neoplasms arising from the glomus bodies, neuromyoarterial units found within the reticular dermis functioning as a specialized arteriovenous anastomosis. These rare tumors are benign and located anywhere in the body, and their cells closely resemble those of a normal glomus body. In this article, we report occurrence and administered treatment for a large glomangioma in the malar region of an 8-year-old male. Keywords: Glomus tumor, glomus body, face


Phosphorescence spectra of pure crystalline naphthalene at room temperature and at 77°K are presented. In addition to the 0, 0 transition at 4715 A, the spectra show several intense vibronic bands that correlate well with the most intense vibronic transitions observed in isotopic mixed‐crystal phosphorescence spectra at 4.2°K. The width of the 0, 0 band at half‐intensity decreases from 270 cm−1 at room temperature to about 75 cm−1 at 77°K, indicating the presence of exciton–phonon interactions in the crystal. Similar narrowing of the vibronic bands is also observed. Using incident light of sufficient intensity to permit the weak phosphorescence to be observed, the intensity ratio of delayed fluorescence to phosphorescence is found to be approximately 100:1 both at room temperature and at 77°K. The triplet state lifetime defined by the first‐order component of the phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence decays is 130 msec and shows almost no temperature dependence. The lifetime is about six times longer t...


Against the spectacle of environmental, economic, social, and institutional crises spawned by capitalism, the authors advocate the urgency of a radically new social science: the nascent field of communology. As Marxism did in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, communology challenges orthodoxy. This article presents communology's evolving terminology, historical perspective, and intersections with law, politics, technology, and social sciences. The commons are subversive to the status quo; they do not assume—as given—sovereignty, statehood, boundaries, or territorial or property structures. That is precisely why their study within the positivist approach dominant today is inadequate, often misleading, and even dangerous to projects of emancipation. Commoners constantly struggle for a different world, for a radically inclusive alternative to all patterns of capitalist exclusion, both private and public. Neither capitalism nor socialism, in any of their forms, constitutes "the end of history."