The present study was carried out with a view to assess the market and consumer acceptability of processed millet products in Hyderabad. India accounts for about 40% of the world's millet output. The total production of millets in India is around 18.6 million tonnes in 2010-11. Sorghum (Jowar) is one of the most nutritious millets, and is an important dry land crop grown in marginal lands with minimum inputs. Its grain has a nutritional profile better than that of rice, the chief staple food of majority of the human population especially for protein, minerals, fibre, calcium, phosphorous, iron, β –carotene and other essential amino acids like thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid. It is now recognized worldwide as a smart crop capable of providing food, feed, fodder and fuel especially under moderate inputs, especially in water-deficit environments. For this purpose both the consumers and retailers were interviewed personally by using separate questionnaire. About 120 consumers and 30 retailers were selected randomly from different areas of Hyderabad. The findings of the study revealed that all respondents have agreed that the jowar based products are healthy, nutritious and suitable for all members (Child, Adult and Old members) in the family. Based on the consumer acceptance survey analysis it is revealed that all the products though well received or 'liked very much' but there is a need for larger consumer acceptance to increase the consumption of the millet products. Few of the sampled households (10%) were aware on availability of targeted 5 Jowar products viz: multigrain atta, vermicelli, biscuits, flakes and suji. While most of them know about Jowar atta only. The retailers who are not in millets business are willing to sell them provided the price of millet products vis-a-vis other cereal products must be either less or on par, and they seek promotional measures for establishing this untapped market, based on nutritional merits of millets. Those retailers who are in millet business are already selling two products, Jowar atta & suji which are not of DSR's brand but other local brands like VSR. These retailers are of opinion that consumers have a loyalty on certain local brands for making purchase decisions.


The structural principle and characteristics of a new two-way flow control valve is proposed and compared with the traditional two-way flow control valve.Several typical flow control loops are introduced according to the characteristics of the new flow control valve.


Current uncertainty in the social sciences surrounding efforts to represent social reality, the cultural authority of social science, and the legitimacy and validity of its knowledge claims, is due, in part, to debate about the moral and political meaning of social inquiry practices. Although this is by no means a new debate, it has been brought to the foreground in recent years through developments in feminist philosophy, critical theory, and practical hermeneutics. To encourage further discussion of the relationship between empirical and normative aspects of inquiry practices, this article provides three readings of the landscape of values: ways of conceiving of the moral life, impediments to public discussion of values in professional practice, and treatment of values in a specific practice of social inquiry.


Aim to establish a simple and accurate method for the determinatio n of cholesterol in cream. Method O-phthalaldehyde sulphuric acid colorimetry was used. Restult max=553 nm,and standard curve was liner in the concentration rang e 1.00~1.73 mg/g,the average recovery was 95.07%,RSD=3.99%. Conclusion The mo thod was simple ,rapid and reliable.


The effects of instruction-in and supei'irision thxough acaAemic Learning Time-Physical Education (elf-pE) on the relationship between perceived and observed students' behaviors in classes taught by pre-service physical educators were investigated. The subjects for the study were 30 secondary methods students enrolled at Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York. Each subject was videotaped on t,hree separate occasions while teaching in a micro-peer settinE. The three tapes that were made of each subject were coded using the ALT-PE instrument. Prior to every videotaped class and immed.iately following these classes, each subject filled out the Teacher's Questionnaire of the Students' Activities (TQSA). This' instrument was u'sed to record the perceived students' behavior. Subjects in both the treatment and control group received conventional feedback while viewing their films. In addition, the subjects in the treatment troup received instruction in and supervision through ALT-PE whil'e viewing their films. The subjects in the treatment group were also shown a comparison of their post-class estimates from the TQSA and the observed scores from ALT-PE. The third videotape was used along with the subjectrs post-class estimate of the TQSA for analysis. In the treatment group, significant canonical correlations were found for all the variables in the context level and learner involvement IeveI. A one-tailed Fisher's z test was'then performed on.a11 the variables. This Ied to the rejection of the first hypot,hesis th:rt. there would'be no significant difference between the relationship of perceived and observed students' behaviors of those pre-service physical educators who received instruction in and supervision through ALT-PE and those' who did not. Mult,ivariate analysis of variance was used, to determine signigicant differences in the -teaching behaviors between the groups. This led to the rejection of the second hypothesis that there would be no significar,traitf"tence between the* accrued ,. ALT-PE of those students enghged in classeE taught by pre-service physical educators who received ALT-PE feedbdck and those who did not receive the ALT-PE feedback. Univariate analysis of variance was performed on each of the ALT-PE variables to identify those variables that accounted for a significant amount of between-group difference. The variable which accounted for the between-group difference in 1he context level I^Ias transition/management, and in the learner involvement level the variables that accounted for the between-group difference were waiting, on-task, cognitive, and motor appropriate (ALT-PE). From the findings it was concluded that pre-service physical educators who were instructed in and supervised through ALT-PE were signficantly more accurate in estimating observed students' bbhaviors. It was also concluded that pre-service physical educators instructed in and supervised throuth ALT-PE had students who accrued more ALT-PE than those students in the class whose teachers only received conventional feedback.


Optical metrology delivers a unique approach for the measurement of surfaces, both technical and optical, over a wide measurement range from macro to nano. Meanwhile a broad spectrum of methods that work with coherent or incoherent light is available to cope with the additional challenges caused by the increasing complexity and quality demands of modern industrial products. As the fabrication of extremely accurate surfaces has proliferated, so too has the demand for high-precision measurement technologies. It is a common insight, that one cannot produce surfaces better than it is possible to measure. We present two new approaches for measuring aspheric lenses with increased flexibility. The first is based on a modified Twyman-Green interferometer where multiple sources for the illumination of the aspheric surface with different angles are adopted to achieve a local compensation of the gradient and consequently a reduction of interference fringes. The second is based on a chromatic Fizeau Interferometer with a diffractive element as null-optic for the measurement of EUV aspheres.


Browning reaction mediated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in tobacco can form unpleasant color thus destroying the quality of tobacco leaves and cigarettes.For this reason,many researches then focused on the properties and activity control of PPOs.In view of rich economy value of tobacco produces,the recent research achievement about tobacco PPO in this paper with respect to biological development model,molecular structure,biochemical and spectral properties,resistance to pathogen and wounding and activity control were reviewed.In addition,future work and application domain about tobacco PPO were also discussed and prospected.


The victims of persecution have found here a home for which they have demonstrated their gratitude to the Nation in many ways. Their loyalty to the country has been unquestioned, and their service in the war effort was extraordinary. Far from having had a deleterious effect upon the economy and the cultural life of the country, they have proved to be an asset. Whether it be in the realm of business, industry, art, science or scholarship, their contributions have been considerable and in some cases outstanding.2


With the development of computer technology, the research and practice of computer virtual machine technology in English teaching is gradually expanding, involving the production and use of teaching courseware, the use of teaching software, the use of computer network classroom, campus network, Internet and the practicability of distance learning. These studies and practices show the future development trend of foreign language teaching. This paper focuses on the popularization of cloud computing and virtual machine teaching. By introducing VMware virtualization technology to solve the problems encountered in the process of cloud computing teaching, it fully demonstrates the extensive application of virtualization technology and its irreplaceable role.


Two novel vanadium oxide nickel(II) complexes, Ni(phen)2V4O11 (1) and [Ni(phen)2]2V6O17 (2) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), are synthesized hydrothermally. 1 has a unique two-dimensional layer constructed from the 6,14-net sinusoidal ruffling anionic layer (V4O11)n2n- and covalently bonded Ni(phen)2 fragments.


Abstract : Americans have long viewed our involvement in South Asia as peripheral to the pursuit of our vital interests. As a consequence, the region excites little interest in American policy or academic circles, and is regarded as an area of hopeless poverty, primarily important as a center of nuclear weapons and missile technology proliferation. This paper reviews U. S. national interests in South Asia, and threats and opportunities related to those interests. We present an evaluation of current U. S. strategy and develop policy recommendations. We focus exclusively on Pakistan and India, and analyze national interest from the point of view of leaders of those states. Despite the complex problems we face in structuring policies toward South Asia, we will argue that the United States can take advantage of positive trends in the region and significantly enhance its position at low cost through well-focused application of our global influence. In working to achieve U. S. policy objectives, we take into account the history of mistrust and hostility between the two major nations, marked today by on-going insurgencies fueled by covert cross-border support from both sides, and a nuclear arms race of limited, but troubling, proportions With a legacy of three wars and near-constant tension over Kashmir, India and Pakistan have expended significant diplomatic and military resources constraining each other. The legacy of domestic strife within each of these two huge, diverse populations, however, also forces leaders to devote considerable resources to maintaining internal stability, and is fostering a strong desire to spur economic growth as a means of easing internal tensions.


Objective To understand the correlated factors affecting the neonatal birth weight.Methods A total of 181 recently puerperal women were investigated among three hospitals in Fuzhou City with the questionnaire designed by us.Results One-factor analysis showed seven factors affecting the neonatal birth weight: pregnancy weeks, BMI of the father,occupation of the father,preceding pregnancy BMI of the mother,weight gain during the pregnancy of the mother,preceding parturition BMI of the mother.Through multiple stepwise regressions the significant factors affecting the neonatal birth weight were preceding parturition BMI of the mother,pregnancy weeks,occupation of the father and BMI of the father.Conclusions A good health care system should be established during the period of pregnancy,and the nourishment and appropriate sport should also be paid much attention,so as to control the weight gain normally during the pregnancy,and reduce the risk of low bearing weight neonate and high bearing weight neonate.


Introduction: Toxic optic neuropathy is defined as the damage caused by a toxin to the optic nerve fibers. There is a vast list of toxins that may lead to optic neuropathies. One of the toxins among this list is tobacco. Gutka being an oral form of tobacco, however, has not been previously related to optic neuropathy. Case presentation: We present a case of a 22-year-old male who presented with decreased far vision and gradually increasing photophobia. He had a history of gutka usage, a form of smokeless tobacco. Investigations revealed a central scotoma on FOV, a swollen optic disc on OCT and deranged Liver function tests. A diagnosis of RIGHT + LEFT optic neuropathy secondary to a chemical toxic was made, which in this case, was gutka. Conclusion: Consumption of gutka can lead to irreversible toxic optic neuropathy.


This paper is related with one of safety plans to rescue a damaged-ship whether by collision, grounding or internal accident. We discuss the problem on course stability of damaged-ship while towed under severe wind pressure. The characteristic equation to assess the stability on course, is derived from sway and yaw coupled motion of towing and towed vessels with wind effect. Through the numerical calculation on course stability of towing and towed vessels system, the relationship between the course stability of a towed damaged-ship and wind direction or towrope length, is clarified with the parameters of weather and damage conditions.


Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors (AI) (+LHRH agonists [premenopausal]) are standard of care (SOC) for hormone–receptor–positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Many HR+ MBC patients (pts) get limited benefit from adjuvant or advanced endocrine therapy (ET) and develop endocrine resistance, refractory disease. HR+ BC growth relies on cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 that promote G1–S phase cell cycle progression. Palbociclib (PAL) with ET showed efficacy in HR+/HER2– MBC (Turner et al, 2015). We report updated safety and efficacy from PALOMA3 with longer follow–up, focusing on degrees of clinically defined endocrine resistance. Methods: Pts with HR+/HER2– MBC that progressed on prior ET were randomized 2:1 to PAL (125 mg/d oral [3 wks drug, 1 wk off]) + fulvestrant (F, 500 mg, SOC) +/– goserelin or placebo (PLB)+F. One line of chemotherapy (CT) for MBC was allowed. Pt stratification: prior ET sensitivity; visceral metastases; menopausal status. Primary endpoint (EP) was investigator–assessed progression–free survival (PFS). Secondary EP: overall survival, response assessment, patient–reported outcomes, safety. Results: By March 2015, median follow–up was 8.9 mo. 521 pts were randomized (PAL+F, 347; PLB+F, 174). Baseline characteristics were balanced. Median PFS was 9.5 (95% CI 9.2–11.0) mo (PAL+F) vs 4.6 (3.5–5.6) mo (PLB+F) (HR 0.46 [0.36–0.59], P Conclusion: Mature efficacy confirmed superior PFS and demonstrated significantly improved clinical response and CBR by the combination of ET and Palbociclib. It also consistently showed therapeutic benefit irrespective of menopausal status and various degrees of endocrine sensitivity. Safety profile is favorable. PAL+F may be an effective option for HR+ MBC pts. Funding: Pfizer. Citation Format: Cristofanilli M, Bondarenko I, Ro J, Im S-A, Masuda N, Colleoni M, DeMichele AM, Loi S, Verma S, Iwata H, Huang Bartlett C, Zhang K, Puyana Theall K, Turner NC, Slamon DJ. PALOMA3: Phase 3 trial of fulvestrant with or without palbociclib in pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer that progressed on prior endocrine therapy—confirmed efficacy and safety. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-01.


Transgender (trans) experiences have greatly changed in the past few decades as Internet use has increased. However, HCI researchers have only recently examined trans technologies, and there is a need for greater understanding of the role that technology plays in gender transition. Recently, a new class of apps I term transition-tracking technologies have emerged that promises trans people increased control over their transition. However, given the diversity of the trans community, it is unknown how exactly these apps might be used and what narratives they may enforce. My dissertation studies transition-tracking technologies and how they support the needs of the trans community. As part of this, I analyze current usage of these apps to understand the usage of such apps and how they may include or exclude certain parts of the trans community. I will also facilitate co-design sessions to produce a transition timeline that challenges these normative transition narratives.


The most popular Internet live streaming technique, Apple HTTP Live Stream, which causes that users suffer from the consistency in bitrate when the bandwidth between the user and the server varies. Thus, this article solves the issue mentioned previously. The method we conduct makes use of adaptive transcoding technique and bandwidth management approach in order to achieve the goad that the video stream quality varies in according to the bandwidth change. We have the stream fluency the major consideration while the maximum bandwidth utilization the minor to assure the highest video quality.


Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein most commonly in the legs or pelvis. There are many reports about deep vein thrombosis from Western regions but few reports are from India. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to reveal the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative hip fracture patients in tertiary care hospital chitradurga. Materials and Methods: Sixty nine patients who had intertrochanteric fracture or femoral neck fracture are included. They had fixation or hemiarthroplasty performed depends upon the indications. Bilateral Venography was performed on sixth day to tenth day after the surgery. Results: The positive venography result was 50.7%. These includes 5 distal (14.2%), 28 (80%) proximal and 2 (5.7%) bilateral DVT. The incidence of combined proximal and bilateral DVT were therefore 56.5%. Of 35 patients with DVT, only 8 (22.8%) patients had signs or symptoms suggestive of DVT. Conclusion: Intertrochanteric and femoral neck fracture is a common type of hip fracture in the elderly, and the incidence of DVT after Intertrochanteric and femoral neck fracture may be underestimated. Early intervention (early admission and early surgery) might reduce the incidence of DVT. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Improvements of an awning in which the slope of the extension arms (5) is controlled by an intermediate piece (16) of the binding of each strekarm (5) to the awning box (4), and wherein the operating lever (9) consist of telescopic elements is composed, as well as of a free-moving adherent sheath (30) is provided for hooking to the input shaft.


The Iheya North Knoll is a submarine hill that is covered with pumice in the Okinawa Trough. The petrology and mineralogy of the crystal‐poor rhyolitic pumice collected from two sampling sites (T3 and T6) on the knoll were analysed in this article. The T6 pumice, which contains some mafic minerals (e.g., clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene), is slightly more crystal‐rich (<5 vol.%) than the T3 pumice (<2 vol.%). However, both types of pumice are high‐potassium rhyolites with similar Nd isotopic ratios and rare earth element patterns, as well as similar glass compositions, which indicates that they may fall along a line of descent of comagmatic evolution. The T6 pumice contains some xenomorphic clinopyroxenes that are not in equilibrium with their whole‐rock composition, which suggests that the crystal‐poor melt was extracted from a more mafic source. The T3 pumice features a flow structure, and its matrix glass records higher Cl concentrations and a lower total mass than the T6 pumice, which implies that the T3 melt has a higher volatile content and lower viscosity. The distinct petrographic characteristics but similar matrix glass compositions of the T3 and T6 pumice suggest that the extracted melt was physically differentiated during ascent, with the more crystal‐poor and volatile‐rich T3 melt reaching a higher lever in the magma chamber. Meanwhile, simulation calculations indicate that the melt experienced near‐adiabatic decompression‐driven chemical differentiation, which led to the growth of sodium‐rich plagioclase but not quartz in the pumice.


This study aims to examine how the influence of gender diversity on the board structure on the company's financial performance. Gender diversity in the board structure as an independent variable is measured by two proxies, namely the dummy variable of the existence of women in the board structure and the proportion of women in the board structure. While financial financial performance as the dependent variable is measured by looking at the value of ROA as a measure of accounting-based and Tobin's Q as a market-based measure. In this study also used control variables, including board size, board independence, company size, and leverage.
The sample used in this study was selected using a purposive sampling method in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The final sample obtained was 367 samples from 131 companies. Hypothesis testing is done using panel data regression analysis. The results of statistical tests show that gender diversity in the board structure does not significantly influence the company's financial performance.


We propose a novel, optimized design for arbitrary-order optical differentiation based on a uniform-period especially apodized long-period fiber or waveguide grating (LPG) operated in transmission. We show that the LPG solution can be optimized to utilize the entire grating resonance bandwidth for optical differentiation by properly customizing the LPG apodization profile through a discrete inverse-scattering grating synthesis technique. This strategy leads to a significantly increased processing speed and a maximized energetic efficiency as compared with previous unapodized LPG-based optical differentiator designs. As an example, optimized first-, second-, and third-order optical differentiators are designed using apodized LPGs implemented in standard single-mode fiber (SMF). The designed passive devices are practically feasible and offer an unprecedented operation bandwidth of 12 THz, which is capable of accurately processing time features as short as ~100 fs, and an optimal energetic efficiency, which reaches a peak power spectral response of nearly 100% within their operation band.


Understanding changes in the landscape pattern of built⁃up land its driving factors not only helps to solve the eco⁃ environmental problems in cities but also provides a scientific basis for urban land use optimization and landscape planning. In this study, we used multi⁃source data ( e. g., 30 m resolution Landsat images and statistical yearbooks) to analyze changes in sprawl mode, morphology and landscape pattern of built⁃up land in a rapidly urbanized medium⁃sized city— Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Furthermore, we employed the boosted regression tree method to quantify the effects of geographic and socioeconomic factors on landscape patterns of the built⁃up land, which revealed changes in the driving factors with the built⁃up land sprawl. The results showed that the area of the built⁃up land gradually increased from


Objective:To explore the relationship between proliferation,apoptosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells and clinical efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Uigur women with cervical carcinoma in Xinjiang. Methods:20 normal cervical tissue samples of Uigur women and 22 cervical tissue samples before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of Uigur women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were selected,immunohistochemical SP method and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) were used to detect Ki-67 nuclear antigen and apoptosis index. Results:The clinical effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 81.8%;Ki-67 proliferation indexes before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were(66.45.21±16.31) and(38.41±7.46),respectively,there was significant difference(t=7.33,P0.05);apoptosis indexes before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were(6.95±1.50) and(15.73±2.75),respectively,there was significant difference(t=-13.195,P0.05).The variance values of Ki-67 in effective group and non-effective group before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were(30.78±15.56) and(15.75±17.75),respectively,there was no significant difference(t=1.71,P0.05);the variance values of apoptosis index in effective group and non-effective group before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were(9.16±3.04) and(6.70±1.16),respectively,there was no significant difference(t=1.57,P0.05). Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells in Uigur women with cervical carcinoma in Xinjing;up-regulation of apoptosis index after neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be related to good prognosis of the disease.


Enterprises have to continuously act in and adapt to altered environments. They have to compete and cooperate with an increasing number of actors in their business ecosystems. These actors and their interests, processes and IT need to be considered for strategy formulation, inter-organizational process optimization or large-scale projects aiming at changing whole parts of an ecosystem. While the concept of business ecosystems is generally applicable for these altered environments, it lacks the consideration of IT phenomena. The integration of IT related concepts from other approaches is hardly possible due to major differences in the underlying ontologies. Therefore, we conducted three case studies in different industries to develop an empirically grounded ontology for analyzing IT-based interventions in business ecosystems. In an iterative and inductive-deductive approach, we developed an ontology consisting of two general perspectives (structural, dynamic) with seven concepts each.


The title compound, {Mn(H2O)4(VO)2(PO4)2}n 1, was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Mn(Oac)2, Na2VO3 and H3PO4 in aqueous solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Crystallographic data for 1: H4MnO14P2V2, tetragonal system, space group I4/mmm, a = 6.251(3), c = 13.410(9) (A), Mr = 446.79, V = 524.0(5) (A)3, Z = 2, F(000) = 434, μ = 3.320 mm-1, Dc = 2.832 g/cm3, the final R = 0.0577 for 163 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). X-ray crystal structure analysis shows that the vanadium phosphorous oxide layers are further connected by MnII(H2O)4 cations to form a three-dimensional network.


The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition of Bosentan, and dissolution rate of the composition is increased, thereby improving stability of the preparation; the invention also relates to the preparation method of the Bosentan pharmaceutical composition, and the preparation method is simple and easy to be operated, and is suitable for industrial production.


This is the first of a two-part retrospective on the role of the OMB budget examiner during the Reagan administration. Changes in the federal budget process, historical federal deficits and the inability of Congress to meet appropriation deadlines have significantly altered the role of OMB and its budget examiners, undermining the examiner's traditional role as program analyst and controler. This part focuses on the preparation of the president's budget and budget execution, and the compressed time in which OMB must respond to "top-down" budget requirements. The summer of 1987 is presented as a case study of the demands now placed on OMB.

Part Two, in the next issue, will focus on the budget examiner in the congressional budget process and in advocacy roles for the president.


Uncertain probabilistie inference is often made in Bayesian network However,for a common complicated network,accurate inference algorithm is always deserted for its unpaid high cost of computing complexity.Aiming at this problem,this paper brings forward a nearly accurate inference algorithm PPJT.Newalgorithm applies the mecha- nism of passing message to update the potentials of Join tree's cliques by steps of message collection and message dis- tribution and eventually generates a consistent join tree.Compared with another nearly accurate inference algorithm, namely likelihood weighting algorithm,the time-using performance experimentation shows that PPJT decreases the time complexity efficiently.At the same time,PPJT improves the uncertain inference accuracy.The experimentation for computing accuracy comparison shows that,under relative small samples input,PPJT can ensure much higher accu- racy for inference.PPJT provides a new theoretic tool for implementation of probabilistic inference in the common com- plicated network.


Geographic information systems (GIS) now provide accurate maps of terrain, roads, waterways, and building footprints and heights. Aircraft, particularly small unmanned aircraft systems, can exploit additional information such as building roof structure to improve navigation accuracy and safety particularly in urban regions. This paper proposes a method to automatically label building roof shape types. Satellite imagery and LIDAR data from Witten, Germany are fed to convolutional neural networks (CNN) to extract salient feature vectors. Supervised training sets are automatically generated from pre-labeled buildings contained in the OpenStreetMap database. Multiple CNN architectures are trained and tested, with the best performing networks providing a condensed feature set for support vector machine and decision tree classifiers. Satellite and LIDAR data fusion is shown to provide greater classification accuracy than through use of either data type individually.


To evaluate ocular hypotensive efficacy and the safety of sovesudil (formally known as PHP‐201), a novel Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG).


A highly-sensitive variant of flow cytometry used to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD). It makes use of an optimized combination of fluorochromes and antibody reagents for increased specificity at very low MRD levels.


Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the most troublesome herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide that interferes with rice growth and rice yield. Here we provide the data from a comparative proteomic analysis of leaves in resistant (R) and Contents lists available at ScienceDirect


Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1007II. Performance Under an Indefinite Agreement or Under an Unenforceable Contract Within the Statute of Frauds 1009III. Restitution for Diminished Capacity 1016TV. Performance Under a Contract Avoided for Mistake or Discharged by Impracticability 1017V. Restitution on Behalf of a Breaching Party 1019VI. Performances Under Protest 1020VII. Illegality 1020VIII. Breach 1021IX. Performance-Based Damages for Breach 1023X. Profit from Opportunistic Breach 1024XI. An Overview 1026I. IntroductionRestitution is frequently said to be a remedy designed to place a party "in as good a position as he would have been if no contract had been made and restore ... to plaintiff the value of what he parted with."1 If the goal of restitution is really to restore the status quo ante,2 it would lead to a definition of restitution in a contractual context somewhat similar to the following: "Restitution is a remedy for an unenforceable, void, or avoided contract that enables a party to recover costs incurred by performing or preparing to perform provided that the plaintiff did part of what was bargained for." This Restatement says: Not so! The performing party may only recover costs that have enriched the defendant. (An exception is made for restitution for breach of contract.)3 It says this often and loudly and clearly. In many cases the unjust enrichment rationale works. If, by mistake, the defendant overbills the plaintiff who proceeds to overpay the defendant by $1,000, the reliance interest of the plaintiff is exactly the same as the defendant's unjust enrichment.4 The defendant is unjustly enriched by $1,000 and the plaintiff's reliance interest is exactly $1,000. Suppose, however, that the defendant requests that a check be dispatched by overnight mail. The plaintiffs reliance interest is now $1,000 plus what was paid for the overnight dispatch of the check. In some cases the reliance interest is far greater than this simple hypothetical. The thrust of the first part of this Article is that plaintiffs reliance interest should trump the defendant's unjust enrichment.II. Performance Under an Indefinite Agreement or Under an Unenforceable Contract Within the Statute of FraudsTo prove its point, this Restatement adopts, in Section 31, the fiction that "recovery under this Section follows the familiar rule by which a requested performance is ordinarily deemed to yield a benefit to the defendant equivalent to its market value, without regard to the increase in defendant's assets attributable thereto."5 The Restatement (Third) thus adopts the fiction that a requested performance automatically enriches the requesting party whose wealth may actually be diminished thereby. Let's not overlook the history of this formulation. In 1893, Professor William A. Keener built his system of quasi-contracts based primarily on the idea of unjust enrichment.6 In his 1913 book, Professor Frederic Campbell Woodward criticized the notion that unjust enrichment explained restitution and pointed out that a requested benefit that is received under an unenforceable contract was frequently compensated even if the receiving party was not enriched by the performance.7 He substituted the "receipt of benefit" notion for the idea of unjust enrichment. …


Collective coupling between a Bose-Einstein condensate and the eld of a small-volume ultrahighnesse optical cavity is experimentally achieved and investigated for the rst time. This system opens access to a conceptually new regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics where a macroscopic matter wave strongly couples to few optical photons. The core of the experimental setup is given by an optical-transport scheme, that allows to transfer several hundred thousands of ultracold atoms into an optical resonator, which operates in the single-atom strong coupling regime. With few photons occupying the cavity mode, we explore collective phenomena both in the internal and motional degrees of freedom of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Our measurements and theoretical investigations con rm that our system realizes two fundamental model systems in quantum optics as well as cavity optomechanics. In the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics, our system constitutes an ideal realization of the Tavis-Cummings model, which describes the coherent interaction between a single harmonic oscillator andN two-level systems, all coupling identically. Single excitations are coherently shared among all atoms, and exchanged with the cavity eld at a rate which is enhanced by a factor of √ N , compared to the single atom case. To characterize the coupled system, we map out its eigenenergy spectrum, and con rm the predicted scaling behavior of the collective coupling strength. These measurements are in very good agreement with our theoretical model description which additionally takes into account the o -resonant coupling to higher-order cavity modes. In the dispersive regime, the cavity-induced dipole forces provide an optical lattice potential which is collectively sensed by the coherent matter-wave. Furthermore, due to dispersive retroaction on the cavity eld, the lattice depth dynamically depends on the atomic density distribution within the cavity mode. This causes highly nonlinear dynamics of the collective atomic motion and the cavity eld intensity. Within the scope of this thesis, it


For the past twenty-five years music educators have been urged to develop listening assignments that promote active student involvement. Milton M. Friedman stated, "The ultimate goal must become the listening experience and all other classroom music activities must be supportive of this goal."' A wealth of listening materials is available for use, but rarely have educators been given ideas or methods that would assist them in exposing the desired concepts related to those materials. The teaching of music listening through the use of program tape techniques has been shown to be an effective method of developing music concepts at all education levels. Graduate students at Boston University, under the direction of Jack Lemons, have developed literature to prove that significant improvement of understanding concepts at all scholastic levels can be achieved through the use of program tapes. This method can also be used effectively by classroom teachers, re-


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the knockdown effect and effectiveness of imidacloprid 21% + betacyfluthrin 10.5% to control bed bug in laboratory conditions. During the experiment the temperature was ± 2 27C, relative humidity 66% ± 5 and photoperiod of 12 hours. Imidacloprid 21% + betacyfluthrin 10.5% dilution was 2 ml per liter of water and applied at a flow rate of 50 ml/m on the insects that were kept in containers of 500 ml with filter paper in the base to absorb the excess during application. For each treatment four replicates were used in a total of 28 specimens. Knockdown effect was evaluated after 10, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 360 minutes after application and mortality was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours after application. Knockdown results were 53.57% after 30 minutes, reaching a peak of 82.14% at 180 minutes, in mortality assessing the results reached 100% in 24 hours and remained 48 hours after application.


We present an independent method for obtaining the three-dimensional space speed of a coronal mass ejection in the lower solar atmosphere through ray-tracing analysis of the thermal radio counterpart of its frontal loop in the metric wavelength range. The scheme was tested on the halo event observed on 1998 January 21, obtaining an estimated space speed of 580 km s-1. We also separately calculated the speed along the line of sight and in the plane of the sky, obtaining values of ≈318 and 485 km s-1, respectively.


Esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI) assesses EGJ barrier function on esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM). We assessed EGJ‐CI values in achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to determine if postoperative EGJ‐CI changes reflected surgical intervention.


Social-emotional learning (SEL) is an essential part of students' learning journey. Teachers' perceptions of SEL have been associated with teaching outcomes and the effectiveness of its implementation in classrooms. In Ontario, SEL is a mandated component of some curricular areas. It is important to consider teachers' perceptions and experiences regarding SEL because a teacher who is confident in implementing SEL strategies may contribute to positive social, emotional, and academic outcomes for their students. This study explored teachers' perceptions and experiences regarding SEL before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three elementary teachers in Ontario implementing SEL practices took part in a semi-structured interview that followed a modified version of Seidman's (2019) three-interview protocol, and was informed by the CASEL (2021b) framework. Research findings reveal for the first time in the literature elementary teachers' perceptions and experiences on SEL during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario. The benefits and barriers of teaching SEL competencies to students were discussed, as were the SEL strategies implemented by the teachers and professional development received on it. Implications for practice were also described.


We study the following pursuit-evasion game: One or more hunters are seeking to capture an evading rabbit on a graph. At each round, the rabbit tries to gather information about the location of the hunters but it can see them only if they are located on adjacent nodes. We show that two hunters suffice for catching rabbits with such local visibility with high probability. We distinguish between reactive rabbits who move only when a hunter is visible and general rabbits who can employ more sophisticated strategies. We present polynomial time algorithms that decide whether a graph $G$ is hunter-win, that is, if a single hunter can capture a rabbit of either kind on $G$.


Background Plasmid-mediated and chromosomal-mediated resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin, tetracycline, thiamphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has spread dramatically in Africa. Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is a key element in the control of sexually transmitted diseases. Goal To document antimicrobial susceptibilities of gonococci isolated during the past 15 years in Kigali, Rwanda. Study Design Minimal inhibitory concentrations of recently collected gonococcal isolates of eight antimicrobials were determined. The results were compared with data collected for isolates obtained since 1986. Results In 1986, 35% of the gonococcal isolates were penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae. Tetracycline-resistant N gonorrhoeae appeared in 1989. The prevalence of penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae and tetracycline-resistant N gonorrhoeae increased significantly to 70.5% and 89.2%, respectively. Chromosomal resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and thiamphenicol increased temporarily, then decreased significantly. Chromosomal resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appeared in 1988 and increased to 21.6%. All the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, and kanamycin. Conclusions This study illustrated the rapidly increasing frequencies of penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae and tetracycline-resistant N gonorrhoeae. Chromosomal resistance to thiamphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole excludes these drugs as alternative treatment. Programs for antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance of N gonorrhoeae should urgently be established in Africa.


Pisha sandstone region is the most vulnerable and the most dramatic area of soil erosion, and it is also the concentrated source area of the coarse sediment of the Yellow River. It is of great significance to research the anti-erosion and vegetation promotion technology in the Pisha sandstone region. Based on the review of previous research results on soil erosion control technology in Pisha sandstone area, this paper mainly introduces the anti-erosion and vegetation promotion technology in recent years, including the anti-erosion and vegetation promotion material suitable for Pisha sandstone area in the middle Yellow River Basin, the modified dam-building material of Pisha sandstone, and the stereoscopic configuration mode of binary stereoscopic anti-erosion and vegetation promotion measures in Pisha sandstone area. Field monitoring experiments showed that the runoff and sediment yield of the experimental plot were reduced by more than 70% and 91% respectively, which can provide technical support for the harnessing and development of serious soil and water loss areas of Pisha sandstone and the harnessing and development of the Yellow River.


Convection in a spherical shell under the influence of a radial force field is an important problem in the geophysical and astrophysical framework. To turn out the earth gravity field which breaks the simulated central force field, such a experiment has to be performed in a microgravity environment. The radial force field is produced by applying a voltage difference between the inner and outer spheres: the dielectrophoretic force. This last field differs from the earth's gravity one. This paper aims at simulating the bifurcated dynamics in this framework. In particular, motions with a 3D structure are presented. The most of simulation results are corroborated by the bifurcation analysis.


Understanding factors that influence mothers' beliefs about appropriate levels of supervision for their children may assist in efforts to reduce child injury rates. This study examined the interaction of child (i.e. age, gender, and injury risk behavior) and maternal perception of environmental hazard (i.e. hazard level, injury likelihood, and potential injury severity) variables in predicting mothers' beliefs about appropriate levels of supervision for their children. Participants were 58 mothers of 2- to 8-year-old community children who were interviewed about their beliefs regarding child injury risk and appropriate supervision. Results indicated that perceived environmental hazard level interacted with child age, gender, and injury risk behavior to predict mothers' beliefs about supervision. Perceived injury likelihood also interacted with child injury risk behavior to predict beliefs about supervision. Findings underscore the complexity of factors influencing mothers' beliefs about appropriate supervision and indicate the importance of environmental hazard level in such beliefs.


Using digital satellite remote sensing TM data, the monitoring of cultivated land changes in the region of Yellow River mouth were carried out by methods of classification results overlay and land use map supported visual change detection. Indices of cultivated land change as well as its related natural and human-related factors were derived from TM data. Correspondent natural environment factors and human influences were analyzed accordingly. Results show that obvious change in cultivated land occurred in Kenli County, which decreased by (5 321.8) hm~2 from 1987 to 1998, i.e. 483.8 hm~2 every year. These changes indicated the aggravation of soil salinization, and the influence of adverse human activities. The countermeasures of ecological environment security of the study area were proposed.


The arizonins, a novel complex of antibiotics related to kalafungin, were discovered in the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes sp. AB660D-122. Comparative taxonomic studies indicated that the culture is a new species and therefore has been designated Actinoplanes arizonaensis sp. nov. Two members of the complex, arizonins A1 and B1, exhibit moderate to potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive bacteria.


Based on Hirschi's social control theory and the theory of self-control developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi, this research developed a structural equation model and tested it on 527 adolescents in Southern China. The objective was to determine how adolescent social bond and self-control affect substance use and deviant behavior. Findings indicate that adolescent family attachment, parental supervision, and belief are directly and negatively related to their substance use. Adolescent educational commitment is negatively and strongly related to their deviant behaviors. However, adolescent impulsivity is not related to either substance use or deviant behavior, and their persistency is positively instead of negatively related to their substance use. The findings of this research seem to support Hirschi's social control theory. Gottfredson and Hirschi's newer theory of self-control fails to predict for the Chinese adolescents.


The essence of equity equitable doctrines equitable remedies essence of the private trust express private trusts completely and incompletely constituted trusts protective and discretionary trusts resulting trusts constructive trusts unlawful, voidable and purpose trusts charitable trusts secret trusts and mutual wills appointment of trustees and termination of appointment duties of trustees powers of trustees breach of trust new legislation.


This paper introduces the current cultivation situation of engineering master degree in the field of control engineering of China University of Petroleum.According to the characters of petroleum universities,the problems in engineering master cultivation are analyzed.Strategies are given from four aspects: curriculum provision,teaching way,research proposal and graduation paper.Based on practical experience,suggestions for engineering master cultivation are proposed from three perspectives of insisting on the idea of human-oriented,enhancing the responsibility of tutors and strictly guarding academic morality.


I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Maki Habib the director of Master program in Robotics, Control and Smart Systems (RCSS) in Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Engineering at The American University in Cairo. Thanks for his continuous support of my Master's study and research, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
I also would like to thank all the students who voluntarily participated in my thesis tests for their time and enthusiasm to try new technology and for all their supportive words and impressions after trying the proposed system they really pushed me forward.


Magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (MWPT) technology can potentially simplify the electrical cable layout and routing for indoor environment due to its relatively long transmission distance and high efficiency. Targeting at smart table applications, a series-series matching two-coil MWPT powered LED system operating at 28 cm optimal operating distance is designed and characterized. The effects of the varying operating distances and different blocking materials on the power transfer are studied. In addition, the system performances under different operating frequencies are also measured and analyzed.


Monodispersed beads of tungstic acid (5% dispersivities), which are supported in a hydrophilic poly(acrylamide) matrix, have been prepared. The diameters of the beads may be modified within the range 0.5−2 mm by changing the experimental conditions. The specific surface areas of the materials are above 100 m2 g-1, with extensive mesoporous regions. On calcination, different successive crystalline phases have been identified. Calcination at high temperature in air yields rather brittle beads of tungsten(VI) oxide. The synthesized materials are suitable for catalyzed oxidation reactions of alkenes.


An approach to addressing the problem of local path planning given acceleration constraints is presented. The concept of safety is introduced to design a planning strategy. A path which maximizes the product of safety based on local information, and attraction towards the goal, is chosen. The safety function depends on the acceleration bounds. The attraction towards the goal depends on the distance from the goal. The safety optimizing path planning technique resembles real life behavior.<<ETX>>


We show that an analogue of the Hilbert's Thirteenth Problem fails in the real subanalytic setting.Namely we prove that, for any integer $n$, the o-minimal structure generated by restricted analytic functions in $n$ variables is strictly smaller than the structure of all global subanalytic sets, whereas these two structures define the same subsets in $\mathbb R ^{n+1}$.


This paper describes the analysis and design of a multi-output power supply which employs a multi-resonant flyback converter. Due to the multiple resonances, voltage and current waveforms present in the converter are quasi-sine wave. As a result both conducted and radiated EMI associated with high dv/dt and di/dt in conventional PWM TV power supplies are reduced. Analysis of the converter circuit based on the normalized state-plane approach is presented and the design information is derived. A design example as well as computer simulations are presented. A prototype of the multi-resonant flyback converter is implemented and open-loop measurements are presented. This converter topology can be advantageously utilized where low noise performance is required as in power supplies for video, telecommunication or audio equipment. Its main advantages are related to its simple structure and control. Large voltage stresses in the switching transistor and wide range of switching frequency variation are drawbacks of the converter.


This book is analyzing deeply about voltage up gradation procedure model implemented for an effective & environment friendly power distribution power system network in urban and suburban area. Voltage up-gradation from 6.6KV to 11KV of the low cost distribution power system network has been discussed elaborately with real time examples. Voltage up-gradation of the existing cables/ transmission lines of the distribution system is the most viable solution and it stresses on the savings of power due to a reduction in system losses when the voltage is high.Implementation of Voltage Up-gradation model in substations has been explained with real time applications.Time & Equipment's requirement analysis steps for voltage upgraded distribution power systems network are discussed in detail.Through Current loss calculation method, improvement of Energy saving of the power system is proved.This book is a useful complete guide for Electrical Engineers and gives insight of voltage upgraded Distribution Power System Network.This book analyzes deeply about voltage up gradation procedure model implemented for effective & environment friendly power distribution power system network in urban area.


Carbon nanomaterials continue to amaze scientists due to their exceptional physical properties 1 . Recently there have been theoretical predictions and first reports on graphene multilayers, where, due to the rotation of the stacked layers, outstanding electronic properties are retained while the susceptibility to degradation and mechanical stress is strongly reduced due to the multilayer nature 2 . Here we show that fully turbostratic multilayer graphitic microstructures combine the


Steam reheating system is emerging as a multivariable system with steam-steam exchanger, the strong coupling and time delay characteristics. The traditional approach for the predictive control in power plant requires modeling based on accurate mathematical model, and some multivariate statistical algorithm cannot avoid falling into the over-fitting, therefore these approaches is not suitable for prediction of the reheating temperature in power plants. In this paper, we used the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) regression algorithm to predict the temperature of the steam reheating in the power plant combined with the data set of the steam reheating in a 120MW power plant. Comparing with the existing algorithms, the result shows that the LS-SVM is a robust and reliable tool for prediction in engineering application field.


For the first time, joint tropical cyclone (TC) surveillance missions by several aircraft were conducted in the western North Pacific within the framework of the THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) 2008. The collected dropsonde observations were divided into different subsets depending on their location relative to the TC to investigate which observations are most beneficial for typhoon track forecasting. Data denial experiments with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global model were performed to analyze the impact of the different dropsonde subsets. In these experiments, the largest TC track forecast improvements are found for observations in the vicinity of the storm. In contrast, observations in remote regions indicated to be sensitive by singular vectors seem to have a smaller influence with a slight positive tendency on average. Observations in the TC core and center lead to large analysis differences, but only very small mean forecasts improvements. Times prior to landfall and recurvature are affected more strongly by targeted dropsonde observations, while the impact on the track forecast after recurvature is relatively weak.


1: Introduction 1.1 Background Information on Thesis 1.2 Purpose of Research 1.3 Problem Statement 1.4 Aims of Research 1.5 Research Objectives 1.6 Research Questions 1.7 Definition of Concepts 1.8 Significance of Study 1.9 Limitations of Research 2: Literature Review 2.


The globalization of the world economy has created new opportunities for cross-border labor organizing. In this paper I examine two case studies of cross -border labor organizing. One case involves Phillips Van-Hernen (PVH) workers in Guatemala City, and the other Ford automobile workers in Cuautitlan, Mexico. The PVH case illustrates the potential for cross-border labor organizing in the highly mobile garment industry. The PVH workers' union and their cross-border allies adopted a "strategic cross-border organizing model" that included consumer and trade pressure, an active international trade secretariat, and several other strategies, to achieve an amazing victory. However, the Ford Cuautitlan case demonstrates that corporatist state-labor relations and internal union conflicts have limited cross-border organizing in the automobile industry. These two case studies and their different outcomes have many important lessons for academics and activists interested in cross-border labor organizing.


This research aim was to find out the correlation between students' interest and their English learning achievement. The research question was "Is there any significant correlation between students' interest and their English learning achievement?" This research applied correlational method. The subjects was the tenth grade students of SMKN 5 Makassar. The data was collected through questionnaire and English score documentation. In analyzed the data, the researcher used quantitative data analysis. The result of data analysis showed that there is positive significant correlation between students' Interest and their English learning achievement at tenth grade students of SMKN 5 Makassar. This was proved by the coefficience correlation score rcount 0,814 > rtable  0,344 in 5% significant degree. Based on a correlational table, the correlation index (rxy = 0,814) is in interval 0.70 – 0.90, this means that the correlation belongs to "strong correlation". Therefore, the higher the tenth grade students' interest in SMKN 5 Makassar the higher their English learning achievement will be.


The way of word formation of sexism in English examined from the angle of word formation,semantic and rhetoric can conclude that sexism not only consists in the words of sexism but also in the whole system of the female appellation.The basic features of the system of female appellation are affected by sexism without exception.


Introduction : Hypertension treatment and control results in improvement in health outcomes. However the expected benefits from antihypertensive treatment have not been elucidated in the primary care setting. Methods : In the late 1990s, the Washington DC VAMC employed a battery of recommendations to improve blood pressure (BP) control. In 42,346 patients with multiple BP measurements, systolic and diastolic BPs were averaged for each day of a mean period of 98 months of follow up and accordingly they were allocated to one of 3 groups: Always Controlled (n=8,144, 19.2%): BP controlled for all days of follow up, Partially Controlled (n=19,337, 45.7%): BP elevated up to 50% of days (28.2%±13.7) of follow up, and Not Controlled (n=14,865, 35.1%): BP elevated >50% of days (74.5%±14.8) of follow up. Results : During the follow up period 6,293 (14.9%) died. Of those 816 patients (10%) died in the Always Controlled group, 2,988 (15.5%) in the partially controlled group and 2,489 (16.7%) patients died in the Not Controlled group(p Conclusions : High rates of BP control can be achieved in the usual clinical practice setting, Sustained BP control resulted in the greatest reduction in mortality risk, Partial BP control also provided mortality reduction.


This study is aims to find out the relationship between expressive body movements with basic emotions using believable virtual human. The approach of the study is to find out the quality aspects of body movements that can represent specific emotions. Upon gathering the required movements, an animation 3D virtual human will be build to simulate the quality movements. Finally, a survey will be conducted to analyse users' acceptance of gestures and quality body movements of six basic emotions.


With only six direct references and no actual stage appearances in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Indian Boy, or changeling, emerges as an interesting anomaly for textual criticism. Due to Shakespeare's limited but careful treatment of the Indian Boy, critics struggle to isolate one unifying purpose for him. A number of scholarly opinions aim to interpret the puzzling role of the changeling in light of several matters: his relationship to parental figures, his role as both an object for gaining power and as an object of desire, his role in the natural disturbances that appear in the plot, potential reasons for his Indian descent, his characterization and representation in several stagings of A Midsummer Night's Dream, and two conflicting views as he represents situations of larger discourse—colonial imperialism and the precolonial spice trade. While these widespread and sometimes contradictory interpretations of the changeling's role seem impossible to reconcile, they overlap in their understanding of the ghost character as paramount to the plot of the play.


Ne enrichments in the surface layer of two particle- and track-free aerogel blocks C2101– 188.8.131.52 and C2017–18.104.22.168 exposed to the comet Wild-2 [1, 2]. If this enrichment is a real these findings would imply the presence of spallation-produced Ne in submicron dust released by the subliming comet. If ex-posed while part of the comet, the spallation Ne is likely due to CGR irradiation, and if irradiated as individual grains, it may be due to irradiation by energetic particles during the naked T-Tauri phase of the Sun due to the low energy is required to retain re-coiling fragments. However, the


Motivation: The set of databases where the experimental and field information on biodiversity is annotated on the basis of common ontology in compatible formats would allow (1) application of a unified program toolkit for data analysis and modelling and (2) analysis and modelling of biosystem operation at different hierarchical levels, from a gene to an ecosystem. Results: The format of GeneNet database has been optimized with regard to annotating information and portrait-based visualization of network interactions in ecosystems in terms of hierarchical levels. An example is the portrait-based description of the life cycle of the trematode Echinoparyphium aconiatum. Availability: http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/systems/genenet


Alzheimer's disease is a dementia-causing illness that damages human brain cells. The steady degeneration of brain cells results in the incapacity to perform daily tasks. The treatment for this condition is still in its early stages. In any case, its preliminary findings may aid in the prevention of disease spread. For early detection of Alzheimer's disease using cerebrum Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a mechanized location and classification framework that can recognize and arrange the person with Alzheimer should be built up (MRI). In addition to detecting Alzheimer patients, these systems must be able to discriminate between the four stages of Alzheimer. Aim of the paper is Several Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches, as well as their benefits, will be discussed and decide the future research direction for Alzheimer stage prediction in stages. There are some drawbacks of deep learning and machine learning models are discussed to decide best among all.


Limiting profiles of solutions to a 2$\times$2 Lotka-Volterra
competition-diffusion-advection system, when the strength of the
advection tends to infinity, are determined. The two species,
competing in a heterogeneous environment, are identical except for
their dispersal strategies: One is just random diffusion while the
other is "smarter" - a combination of random diffusion and a
directed movement up the environmental gradient. With important
progress made, it has been conjectured in [2] and [3]
that for large advection the "smarter" species will concentrate
near a selected subset of positive local maximum points of the
environment function. In this paper, we establish this conjecture in
one space dimension, with the peaks located and the limiting
profiles determined, under mild hypotheses on the environment
function.


1. This document is Fact Sheet ENH-52, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: June 1992. Revised: May 2000 and December 2003. Please visit the EDIS Web site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Gary W. Knox, Professor, Extension Environmental Horticulturist, Department of Environmental Horticulture, North Florida Research and Education Center, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611.


The importance of considering the effects of partial wetting on reactor performance during scale-up was demonstrated by conducting a series of experiments at one space velocity but different liquid flow rates. The hydrogenation of biphenyl was chosen as a model reaction. Conversions ranged from 36% at a liquid flow rate of 2 ml/min to 98% at 10 ml/min. Experiments were performed at 296°C and 5.2 MPa.


We show that current experimental constraints already severely restrict what might be observable at ee colliders. We identify some cases where it may be possible to probe physics beyond what might be possible at other facilities and make some remarks about physics capability of high energy ee colliders.


To assess the extent of the co-circulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in West Africa sera were tested from a sample of 64 of the 125 individuals diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) between June 1987 and March 1990 in Guinea Conakry. 93% of the 64 subjects had travelled abroad generally to other West African countries (81%). Sera were subtyped on the basis of their serologic reactions when tested by sequential assays. 41 (64%) of study subjects were infected with HIV-1 alone 10 (16%) had antibodies against HIV-2 alone 11 (17%) had a serum reactivity pattern suggestive of dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 and 2 patients had no antibodies against either infection. A steady increase of HIV-1 infection over time was also observed. These findings contradict other serosurveys conducted in Guinea Conakry in recent years that have found HIV-2 to be the most prevalent infection and little evidence of co-infection. Although HIV-2 seems to be more widespread than HIV-1 in this area AIDs patients appear to be predominantly infected with IV-1. This phenomenon may reflect either a different progression rate or the earlier introduction of HIV-1 than HIV-2 in the country. The findings of a separate serosurvey conducted by the authors involving seropositive subjects in Conakry in 1987-90 who had not yet progressed to AIDS provide support for a change in the epidemiology of HIV infection in this part of West Africa with HIV-1 now spreading faster than HIV-2. While HIV-2 was the predominant infection in sera collected from June 1987-September 1989 sera collected from October 1989 onward had HIV-1 antibodies only.


The synthesis of phosphonic acid functionalized perylene diimide (PDI) molecular architecture has been demonstrated via functionalization at imide position. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopic techniques have been employed to investigate the photophysical properties of the novel PDI derivative at different p H (2 to 11). These results demonstrate the fascinating photophysical characteristics based on change in p H from 7 to 2 and 7 to 11 in aqueous medium.


Globally, there is an increase in academic interest. Student enrollment in universities are skyrocketing, suggesting an increased need to hold academic degrees. However, the mass increase in awarded PhDs with the stagnant number of faculty positions is causing a major strain in the academic hiring process. The result of this disparity is a necessary shift from holistically considering each scientist to briefly considering a subset of applicant metrics, for example publication counts. The increased emphasis of publication count metrics in hiring has led to the expression publish-or-perish. The publish-or-perish architecture shifts the focus of scientists away from meticulous scientific practices and contributions to society in order to ensure that they are outputting as many publications as possible. I here consider how the increased strain on the academic architecture is detrimental for faculty applicants and how it is propagating scientific malpractice and neglect.


The social science research agenda is expanding in many important directions. Theoretical, methodological and empirical advances made over the last two decades are opening up new research and policy questions that go well beyond the more traditional concerns of disciplines like sociology, economics and political science. One such development is the term civil society, which (re-)entered the social sciences only a few years ago. The concept cuts across disciplinary boundaries and brings into focus some of the longstanding and nagging questions about the relationship between economy, polity and society. Indeed, civil society may well emerge among the more significant conceptual innovations of the social sciences in recent years. It is a concept strategically located at the cross-section of important intellectual strands. Yet it may well be more than that: for one, it could involve an intellectual shift away from disciplinary specialization either 'the' state, 'the' market or abstract notions of 'society' to a focus on cross-cutting issues and concern; moreover, in its transnational dimension, the term goes beyond the notion of the nation state and the national economy, and allows us to examine critical aspects of globalization and the emergence of a new social, cultural and political sphere. Civil society is also a contested concept. There is little agreement on its precise meaning, though much overlap exists among core conceptual components. Some scholars adopt an abstract, systemic view and see civil society as a macro-sociological attribute; others take on individualistic views and emphasize the notions of agency and social capital; while others yet see civil society as a set of institutions and organizations located in the public sphere, complementing what some refer to as 'political society'. Yet in its very essence, the combination of being both contested and strategically located makes civil society a very fruitful and intellectually lively concept. Journal of Civil Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 1–3, May 2005


This book is at once a strong transnational history of the Arabian Sea littoral and the distinct communities that have remained largely unnoticed and unrecognized in the written record, but that are now, through Mathew's work, made visible. In the tradition of Lincoln Paine's The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World (2015), Mathew's book promotes scholarship that "takes to the water," and, in so doing, offers and uncovers unique insights into global history and into human affairs. Early on, Mathew deploys the term "framing out" the market (p. 8), which he defines as an expulsion of certain trades, a pushing out, a division, elision, and suppression through repetition and reiteration. What emerges is arbitrage—the practice of performative and improvisational capitalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Arabian Sea. From this conceptual starting point, Mathew takes us on a wild academic journey across the Arabian Sea, and this results in a shift in our intellectual gaze in several ways. One shift in historical studies is a refocusing from land to water, "by paying attention to the blues that shade 70% of the image in the map, and letting the earth tones fade". This shift makes many trends and patterns of world history stand out in ways they simply cannot otherwise. Through this thematic shift, Mathew upends the conventional notions of capitalism and the components that constitute it, namely, land, labor and capital. The author refers to these as terrestrial capitalism (p. 6), but through the infusion of a maritime perspective, inverts it. Instead of land, labor, and capital, we have sea, piracy, trafficking, and networks. The Arabian Sea, he writes, is an immense, fierce, opaque space that was difficult if not impossible to control. At the same time, it was a site of regular and sustained trade and exchange. But this uncontrollable site yielded differences between markets, and mercantile networks exploited these differences that gave them unique advantages for profit-making. Regulation, documentation, statistics, and economic calculation were all part of the colonial administration's repertoire to modernize trade in the Arabian Sea. The mercantile networks used these to perform compliance while simultaneously engaging in reinterpretation, improvisation, and, sometimes, subversion. The book treats us to capitalism's underbelly— the traffickers, the slave traders, the currency counterfeiters, the gun runners, the arbitrageurs. Yet they are as much constitutive of, and have reshaped the contours of capitalism-at-sea. Even while they operated supposedly at the margins, they are very much an intrinsic part of capitalist formations. This shift from land to water is a highly nuanced political economy set within a colonial historical framework. The author contributes to an intellectual space that continues to spur new scholarship and redefines the field of historical studies further. So, how else might the book be further nuanced? Here are two areas to consider. A Deeper Analysis of Colonial Governance: The British Empire was so vast and massive that a coherent and comprehensive governance system would have rendered it quite impossible. Karen Barkey's Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective (2014) is instructive here. When huge portions of the world are controlled or governed from a remote and distant political center (as in the case of the Ottoman Empire), Barkey argues that inevitably, the empire


Motivation -- The motivation behind this study is to improve the programmer's coding and debugging performance by considering their moods.
 Research approach -- This study will use an empirical research approach that involves the use of un-controlled and controlled experimentation.
 Findings/Design -- The main findings suggest that there is a possible effect of moods on the performance of the programmers' coding and debugging activities.
 Take away message -- Moods may have an impact on programmer's performance. It may be possible to detect moods on the basis of information regarding the programmer's use of the keyboard and mouse, and to integrate them into development environments that can improve programmer performance.


The invention discloses a power supply control cabinet and an implementation method thereof. The power supply control cabinet comprises a cabinet body, three optical potential transformers (PT), three high-voltage switches and a control panel are arranged in the cabinet body, wherein three optical PTs are respectively connected with a three-phase electric transmission line, the three high-voltage switches are connected with the three optical PTs, and the control panel is connected with the three optical PTs through optical fibers. Three fault indicators are arranged on the three-phase electric transmission line respectively, a relay and a central processing unit (CPU) which are connected with each other in sequence are arranged on the control panel, the relay is used for controlling on-off of the three high-voltage switches, and the CPU is used for controlling the operation of the relay. When the optical PTs detect that a voltage change value of any phase of the electric transmission line exceeds a preset threshold, the CPU controls the relay to close the three high-voltage switches respectively, a pulse current signal is generated on the electric transmission line corresponding to the failed phase, and the fault indicator corresponding to the failed electric transmission line sends out a warning signal according to the pulse current signal. The power supply control cabinet and the implementation method thereof are reliable, hardware cost is low, safety requirements on the electric transmission line are met, and stability and reliability are improved.


The article entitled "Retire Statistical Significance" from the Nature1 journal had great repercussion, criticizing statistical dogmatism and promoting an analysis on both sides of the same coin. On one hand, the value of the reflection brought by the authors. On the other hand, the unintended consequences of the retirement of the concept of statistical significance. The first point of view relates to the bias of value overestimation; the second point relates to the bias of positivism. The concept of statistical significance is dichotomous, that is, it categorizes the analysis as "positive" or "negative". Categorizing adds pragmatic utility, but all categorization is an arbitrary reductionism. When categorizing for pragmatic reasons, we should understand categories as something less important than the view of the whole. The categorization paradox occurs when we start to give more value to the information because it's categorical rather than continuous2-4. Continuous information accepts the shades of gray, the intermediate, the doubt, while the categorical gives a definite (pseudo) tone to the statement. Statistics is the exercise of recognizing uncertainty, doubt, chance. The definition of statistical significance was originally created to hinder claims arising from chance. The confidence interval was created to describe the inaccuracy of our statements. Statistics is the scientist's exercise of integrity and humility. However, the categorization paradox fosters a certain dogmatism. First, the authors of the above-cited Nature article highlight the overvaluation of negative results. A negative study is not the one that proves the nonexistence, which would be impossible; it is merely a study that has not proven the existence. Therefore, strictly speaking, "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence", as Carl Sagan stated. That is, "the study proved that there is no difference" is not the best way to describe it, and it's preferable to say, "the study did not prove a difference". Such a point should not be mistaken for the idea that a negative study means nothing. It has value and impact. The impact of a negative study (p>0.05) lies in reducing the likelihood of the phenomenon to exist. As good studies fail to prove it, the probability of the phenomenon drops progressively to the point where it becomes so low that nullifies the attempt to continue to try, making the null hypothesis the most likely path of thought. A negative study is not necessarily contradictory in relation to a positive study. Perhaps, the result of the two may be the same when one failed to reject the null hypothesis, and the other was able to reject it. One could not see, and the other could see. In fact, most of the time, only one of the two studies are correct. Finally, the categorization paradox makes us believe in any statistical significance, although most are false positives (Ioannidis). A p-value <0.05 is not irrefutable proof. Undersized studies, the multiplicity of secondary analyses and biases can fabricate false statistical significance. In fact, the predictive value (negative or positive) of studies does not lie solely in statistical significance, as it depends on the quality of the study and analysis, the scientific ecosystem, and the pretest probability of the idea. Therefore, the authors of the Nature article are right in criticizing the deterministic view of statistical significance.


Diabetes is a ceaseless ailment that is basic in practically all nations. Neuropathy is the most well-known constant difficulty of diabetes and is the underlying reason for ulceration in the legs of lower appendage removals. The predominance of diabetic polyneuropathy shifts from 23 to 29%. Incessant metabolic pressure incited by hyperglycemia, either low insulin creation in type 1 diabetes or diminished fringe affectability to insulin in type 2 diabetes influences cell homeostasis in practically all phone types. Changes in the sign Ca have been recognized in different seclusion tissues from creatures initiated to diabetes just as patients with diabetes. Ca homeostasis variations from the norm have likewise been found in an assortment of tissues, including bone, heart and smooth muscle, secretory cells, platelets, kidneys and osteoblasts. This variation from the norm by and large shows as an expanded resting centralization of intracellular Ca ([Ca]I), diminished Ca transporter movement and diminished boost that produces Ca signals. Ca flagging issue are likewise found in neuron-sensory from trial creatures with diabetes.


David Loewenstein and Paul Stevens, eds, Early Modern Nationalism and Milton's England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008). xii+470pp. ISBN 978 0 8020 8935 9.As suggested by its title, this collection of fourteen essays offers a rich historical and theoretical exploration of nationalism during the lengthy, revolutionary period in which Milton wrote and published his poetry and prose. Milton wrote at a time when, to cite Benedict Anderson, 'the automatic legitimacy of sacral monarchy began its slow decline in Western Europe'.1 'In 1649', Anderson adds, 'Charles Stuart was beheaded in the first of the modern world's revolutions, and during the 1650s one of the most important European states was ruled by a plebeian Protector rather than a king'.2 The now-familiar narrative, perhaps most eloquently expressed by Richard Helgerson (to whom this volume is dedicated), is that in the wake of monarchy's decline national communities came to be imagined otherwise: as 'boundary-oriented and horizontal' rather than 'centripetal and hierarchical'.3 Anderson, however, locates the rise of nationalism not in the seventeenth century but the eighteenth, when religious modes of thought began to wane. This volume, heavily indebted to Anderson, but also to Helgerson's groundbreaking work on the Elizabethan writing of England, firmly situates the rise of nationalism in an earlier period; moreover, it places 'John Milton, Englishman' at the centre of seventeenth-century articulations of the nation. Loewenstein's essay, for example, challenges Anderson's belief that nationalism necessarily surfaces as religious modes of thought decline. For Loewenstein, 'a newly emergent Protestant nationalism', not to mention 'proto-republican nationalism' (p. 30), provides the context for 'the ways in which Milton attempted to imagine, forge, and reconstruct the godly nation' (pp. 26, 27). Andrew Escobedo, too, takes aim at Anderson's separation of nationalism and religious modes of thought, arguing that 'Milton defines the nation as an intimate, spiritual community in opposition to the coercive visibility of the state' (p. 192). Again and again, these essays reveal just how integral religious discourse is to early modern nationalism. Together, these essays offer new and fresh perspectives on not just Milton and his cultural moment but also nationalism and national identity.Whilst Milton is the centrepiece, there is ample space in 'Milton's England' for other contemporary voices as well as later seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century writers, and this inclusion of other writers gives the volume an impressive and productive range. Warren Cherniak's essay, for example, examines Milton's writing on Cromwell alongside Marvell's and Waller's, and it also cites fellow republicans, including Nedham, Harrington and Sexby. John Kerrigan's essay situates the writings of both Milton and Marvell within a wide political framework that includes Scotland and Ireland as well as the Netherlands; Achsah Guibbory's attention to fast sermons explores the ways in which early modern conceptions of the English nation drew upon the Old Testament; Victoria Kahn's examination of Milton's 'disappointed nationalism' incorporates Filmer and Grotius; Mary Nyquist divides her essay between Milton and Locke; and Nicholas von Maltzahn's consideration of the national reception of Milton takes the reader beyond the seventeenth century and into the eighteenth. One of this volume's many strengths, therefore, is its placement of Milton amongst other contemporary writers and other key discourses - civic, ethnic, literary, political, religious - in the period. The result is a volume that situates the rise of early modern nationalism in an emergent, energetic and contested public sphere.Another of this volume's strengths is its refusal to pigeonhole Milton's nationalism. As stated, many of the contributors are informed by Anderson's reflections on nationalism. Some, however, take issue with the notion that the seventeenth century gave rise to nationalism as we understand that term. …


The features of P2P lending are wide coverage, low threshold, relative simple procedure, easy to satisfy the borrowers' requirement. In order to spread credit risk for lenders, automatic and scattered investing become more and more popular nowadays. In this paper, we take advantage of the computing power of modern GPUs to accelerate scattered investing in large-scale lender scenarios. By abstracting the scattered investing as map-reduce operation, we extend two stages map-reduce to four stages according to our scattered investing business and exploit a novel parallel investing system based on GPUs. Experimental results show that we achieve a maximum speedup of 27.52 times.


We present a case with an atypical variation of the ulnar artery discovered while examining a cadaver in our routine Gross Anatomy lab dissection. A superficial ulnar artery was found in a 55‐year‐old male cadaver originating directly from the brachial artery. This is a rare variation where the route of the ulnar artery runs superficially to the flexor compartment in the forearm. Based on previous cadaver studies, the incidence of such variation in the adult population appears to be approximately 3.75% 1. Deviations in the ulnar artery can lead to a potential risk of injury to patients during surgery 2. The superficial ulnar artery can mistakenly result in the administration of medicines into the artery as opposed to the median cubital vein during the injection. Hemorrhaging as well as other potential traumas can occur. We will also discuss the potential complications that could arise from this variant and the clinical recommendations for treatment.


The utility model discloses a special hollow socket spanner used for installing and disassembling an inner heptagonal anti-theft nut, which is a special too used to install and disassemble a non-standard nut with special structure and shape. The special hollow socket spanner comprises a socket body(1), a socket spanner handgrip(2), an outer circumferential wall(3) of the socket body, outer circumferential walls(4)at the joints of the ridges of the outer circumferential wall(3) of the socket body, a socket bottom(5). A trepanned bore(6)communicated with the interior of the socket body is arranged on the socket body(1). The socket spanner is a special tool used for installing and disassembling a non-standard nut with an outer circumferentially tapered exterior wall and a U-shaped top opening. When being matched with an inner heptagonal nut, the socket spanner can be used for fixing and installing or fixing and replacing outdoor electric power, traffic, telecommunication and environment protection equipment that is easy to be stolen for the purpose of guarding against theft. Therefore, the socket spanner has obvious social benefits.


A Personal Preface The World of Angela Thirkell, an Introduction The Countryside and Barchester East Barsetshire: The Towns and Villages West Barsetshire: The Towns and Villages Barsetshire Families The Elder Pomfrets The Younger Pomfrets The Leslies The Marlings, The Beltons, Other Families Babies, Nurses, Little Boys Babies and Nurses Toddlers Nursemaids Little Boys: Tony Morland and His Mother Frank Gresham Other Boys Mothers and Sons Decline and Change Bibliography Index


by MAJOR S. L. CUMMINS. Royal Army Medical Corps. IN this book the author deals very fully not only with the life-history of this parasite, but also with the literature existing on the subject, much of which he subjects to expert criticism from the point of view of the biologist; and he makes his remarks much more intelligible to the average medical man by an excellent preliminary section dealing with the comparative anatomy, classification, and development of the nematodes. It would be impossible to give an adequate account of this notable work in the space at our disposal, but Professor Looss calls attention to the difficulties which await the medical man who desires to work at the prevention or even make a diagnosis of ankylostomiasis with no better guide than a text-book on tropical medicine, and it seems worth while to attempt a summary of portions at least of this volume. Officers desiring to consult the original can obtain a copy on application to the Director, Egyptian School of Medicine, Cairo. The fact that the Ankylostoma duodena le in various stages of its development presents points of resemblance to the corresponding stages of other nematodes has given rise to many errors, several of which are discussed by Looss in the present volume; much of the .. confusion seems owing to the fact that the text-books, while paying as much attention as space will permit to A. duodenale itself, give no account of allied worms parasitic in animals other tha~ man or 1 Agchylostoma duodenale. This spelling is the form under which the name was originally published by Dubini in 1838, and was adopted by Looss in the first part of his work in compliance with a proposition made by Stiles, to the effect that the original spelling of any scientific name should be preserved by subsequent authors. Looss now writes me that he retained Agchylostoma in the second part of his· work for uniformity's sake, but has since then received numerous declarations· from various helminthologists and biologists saying that they will never adopt this spelling on account of its obvious incorrectness. Under these circumstances, he finds it advisable to return to the familiar form Ankylostoma, which, though not latinized, yet represents the correct transliteration of the component Greek words &''Yl<iJAOS and <J'T6p.u. 2 Volume IV. qf the" Records of the School of Medicine, Cairo."


The development,process and experiment theoretical foundation of SC were introduced. Several anions and non-anions surfactants and other auxiliary to build compounded system by optimization grouping method were selected also. The formulation of tebuconazole·carbendazim 40% SC was studied,and the composition and manufac-ture method were described as well. The composition consists of tebuconazole 20%,carbendazim 20%,emulsi-fier 4.8%,dispersing agent 1.2%,thickening agent 3.2%,antifreeze 3%,defoamer 0.1% and water 47.7%. The experimental results of using emulsifier,dispersing agent,thickening agent,and grinding by aqueous method show that the product suspension rate was over 90% and the decomposition rate of the active ingredient was less than 5% at (54±2) °C with 14 days which conformed to the requirements for the formulation.


The aim of this research is to identify customers' revisiting intention towards cafe in Kota Bharu. In competitive market of food and beverages industry, revisit intention has been mention as an important research topic. Despite the considerable number of research on repeating visitors, it remains unclear why people are take repeat visits and what type of characteristics those hold by the repeat visitors. This research aims to identify factors influencing repeat customers among Gen Y towards cafe in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The results of this study indicated that "sound", "sight" and "taste" were the most important revisit attributes and motives for repeat customers to cafe in Kota Bharu. Concerning their perception on cafe loyalty, the study revealed that respondents were enjoy cafe in Kota Bharu, intent to revisit and recommended cafe as for meal purpose. For the conducting the research, quantitative research approach we used and questionnaire was distributed to collect the data through simple random sampling of 375 respondents from Gen Y in Kota Bharu. There were significant relationships between Gen Y revisiting intention towards sound(r=0.639), scent(r=0.472), sight(r=0.496) and taste(r=0.631). The findings of this study would help marketers to understand the behaviour of Gen Y that significantly influence in revisiting intention on cafe in Kota Bharu. Hence, this will help marketers in their marketing planning to become more competitive and can gain profit.


The gill areas and their component measurements of 16 species of North American crab and seven species of British decapod crustaceans have been analysed in relation to body mass using the method of logarithmic transformation.

A wide range of relationships was found, each of which is typical for a given species. The slope, b, of the log/log regression lines varied from 0·5 to 1·0, the lower values being most commonly found in the Macrura. For the North American species the average slope is about 0·8 whereas for British brachyurans the relationship was close to linear (b=0·97).

The analysis shows that the increase in gill surface body size is mainly due to the increasing area for individual platelets or gill lamellae.

Comparison of weight-specific gill areas for animals of the same body weight suggests that the most active species have larger gill areas. For some of these species the values (900mm2/g) approximate to those of active fish.

As plots for interspecific relationships derived from average values for many individual species have slopes which are not typical for any of the component species, it is concluded that caution must be exercized when interpreting such interspecific plots in Allometric studies.


There exist several systems for the generation of compiler front-ends from formal semantics. Systems that generate entire compilers have also started to appear. Many of these use attribute grammars ...


Abstract Spontaneous language learning both in children learning their mother tongue and in adults learning a second language shows that language development proceeds in a stage-wise manner. Given that a developmental stage is defined as a coherent linguistic system, utterances of language learners can be accounted for in terms of what (Selinker, Larry. 1972. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics 10. 209–231) referred to with the term Interlanguage. This paper is a study on the early interlanguage systems of children learning Dutch and German as their mother tongue. The present child learner systems, so it is claimed, are coherent lexical systems based on types of verb-argument structure that are either agentive (as in Dutch: kannie bal pakke 'cannot ball get', or German: mag nich nase putzen 'like not nose clean') or non-agentive (as in Dutch: popje valt bijna 'doll falls nearly', or in German: ente fällt 'duck falls'). At this lexical stage, functional morphology (e. g. morphological finiteness, tense), function words (e. g. auxiliary verbs, determiners) and word order variation are absent. For these typically developing children, both in Dutch and in German, it is claimed that developmental progress is driven by the acquisition of the formal properties of topicalization. It is, furthermore, argued that this feature seems to serve as the driving force in the instantiation of the functional, i. e. informational linguistic properties of the target-language system.


We present here a note which synthesizes our previous ideas concerning some problems in cosmology, and the numerical correspondences between the physical constants that we could deduce.


Abstract A new repetitive multibarrel pellet injector for a steady-state plasma fuelling of Iarge fusion devices has been designed. The steady-state operation is provided by ten pipe-guns with unique porous units forming solid hydrogen pellets for 5-9 s in every barrel. Over one thousand hydrogen pellets have been formed and aecelerated to 1.2 km/s at different repetition rates. The injector design and experimental results are presented.