An engineering case for water intake from a large built reservoir was introduced. A sunk well was built on the left bank of the upstream 750 m from the dam. The pipe jacking was performed from the sunk well,as a working well,to the reservoir area to form a water diversion system. The sunk well was rebuilt into the water intake pump station. Therefore,many problems in construction of the water in-take engineering and cofferdam were solved,such as large water depth before the dam,bad geological condition and difficult design and operation under complex conditions. Due to the improvement,the con-struction period was shortened,the deposition in the reservoir area was reduced,the environmental dis-ruption was avoided effectively,and the investment cost was saved obviously.


Cravino and Levchenko (2017) establish that the 1994 Mexican peso devaluation raised the prices of consumption baskets of low-income households substantially more than the prices of the consumption baskets of high-income households. In this paper, we explore this result further by focusing on the regional variation in how much prices of consumption baskets changed following the devaluation. Our main finding is that the devaluation was anti-poor in all regions, but there is substantial regional dispersion in the relative inflation faced by the poor.


Metallocene catalyst of (Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO was synthesized and used in ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymerization. The maximum activity for teropolymerization was 1864 kgP/molZr.h in 1 bar of monomer pressure. The terpolymerization activity decreased with increasing P/E feed ratio and diene concentration. Kinetic behaviour of the reaction was a decay type with very short induction period. Ethylene content of the polymer decreased with increasing P/E feed ratio, diene content increased with decreasing ethylene monomer in the P/E feed ratios.


The contemporary society has put forward higher requirements for the logistics system with the development of industrial production automation, intelligence and information integration. Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a kind of mobile wheeled robot which can complete the specified transportation task after given path information and map information. In AGV scheduling, AGV path planning is an important part of AGV scheduling system. On the basis of the developed AGV, this study focuses on the path planning technology of AGV in warehousing logistics. The main research contents are as follows. The method of global map environment modeling was studied. After analyzing several commonly adopted environment modeling methods, the grid method which was most suitable for warehouse map modeling was adopted. Based on the raster map model, the path planning technology of AGV was studied, including single AGV path planning technology and multi-AGV path planning technology. In the research of single AGV path planning, we first studied the single AGV path planning technology, and finally chose a new swarm intelligence algorithm-slime mould algorithm. On the basis of single AGV path planning, we continued to study the multi-AGV path planning technology. Firstly, several types of conflicts in multi-AGV path planning were summarized. In order to solve the conflicts, a time window model algorithm was proposed to effectively avoid conflicts. Finally, the scheduling cooperation and path planning of multi-AGV were realized.


In the history of art and architecture, the Neolithic Era is brushed over due to a lack of data and systematic studies thereof. Yet the Neolithic Era brought several major changes in the history of humanity, these transformations being reflected in the housing paradigm, which goes through a spectacular metamorphosis. The transition from the status of nomad hunter-gatherer to that of sedentary animal breeder / farmer generated the appearance of stable settlements and the evolution from free-shape structures to rectangular planes. Changes in trade generated counting and recording systems, which led to a new fundamental change: the transition from pre-history to history, due to the recording of information. After approximately 3 million years of slow evolution, in just 1000 years, after the last ice age, the history of humanity starts moving at a significantly greater pace. In order to study these changes as manifested in architecture, we started from the premise that, due to the insufficiency and inconsistency of the data found, the current method of architectural recasting is based on an approximate transmission of the archeological data regarding locations and traces of structures, to sketchers of uncertain qualification, who draw up axonometric projections or decomposed perspectives with unclear size references. We understand the need to facilitate spatial perception, but scientific rigor requires a systematic approach. Thus, we started the study by drawing up a new method of architectural recasting, in two stages: 1Systematic data recording by means of 6 sheets with data on geography, climate, technology, economy, society, culture. 2Interdisciplinary analysis of data in a team comprised of archaeologist, architect, structure engineer; establishment of a stable structural system and geometrically correct representation of the architectural volume by means of a set of drawings that cover all planes, characteristic sections and facades on a scale of 1:50, and an axonometric projection of 1:100. The method was tested by analytic application on a Neolithic structure, by publication in specialized magazines and presentation during international conferences, and was completed subsequent to a consistent feedback of the academic community interested in the subject, by the addition of a textual description datasheet to the graphic language that is specific to architecture. With this method, sets of 3 architectural recasts from the Vinča Neolithic culture and the local cultures in the Romanian Banat were systematically drawn up, which allowed for the establishment of local typologies. This paper establishes the first regional typologies by starting with a set of 3 local typologies from the same culture the Uivar, Parța Proceedings of INTCESS 2017 4th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences 6-8 February 2017Istanbul, Turkey ISBN: 978-605-64453-9-2 768 and Foeni sites. We found the transition from an architectural form of parallelepipedic mono-block with a twoescarpment roof for the Uivar-Parța sites, to a mono-block with a portico on the short side in the case of Foeni, which foreshadows the megaron plane.


Background and Objective: Previous research has examined the association between cognition and flavonoids: bioactives found in foods, known to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We extend this research by investigating associations of dietary intakes of total flavonols and constituents (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, isorhamnetin) on the change in cognitive performance in global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability, perceptual speed, and working memory Methods: The study was conducted using 961 participants (60-100 years) of the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a prospective cohort of community-dwelling Chicagoans who were followed for an average of 6.9 years. Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed annually with a battery of 19 standardized tests. Flavonol intake was analyzed as a continuous variable using linear mixed effects models. Cognitive domain scores were regressed on baseline calorie-adjusted flavonol variables. Results: Higher dietary intake of total flavonols and flavonol constituents were associated with a slower rate of decline in global cognition and multiple cognitive domains. In continuous models adjusted for age, sex, education, APOE-ɛ4, late life cognitive activity, physical activity, and smoking, total flavonol intake was associated with slower decline in global cognition β estimate=0.004 (95% CI=0.001, 0.006), episodic memory β=0.004 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.006), semantic memory β=0.003 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.007), perceptual speed β=0.003 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.004), and working memory β=0.003 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.005) and marginally


The development of the super-scale integrate circuits are being limited,more and more attentions have been paid to the use of molecular devices to replace the electronic devices.This paper reviews the sort of molecular devices and their frame in order to promote their development in China.


1Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA; 2Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Partnership, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; 3Ernst and Young and Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington, DC, USA; 4World Wide Fund for Nature International, Kigali, Rwanda; 5Wildlife Conservation Society, Kigali, Rwanda; 6CIAT-CGIAR Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security, Kigali, Rwanda; 7Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), Kigali, Rwanda; 8International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bukavu, Congo; 9State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; 10Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Life and Earth Science, Pan-African University, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 11Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; 12Green Economy Advisory & Research, Kigali, Rwanda and 13Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Kigali, Rwanda


Cai Yuanpei,a foregoer who promoted China's modern education of science and technology, advanced new theories and ideas to develop education of science and technology which can be taken for reference in our efforts to put into effect the strategy of rejuvenating China through developing science and education.


Chinese regulators mandate management earnings forecasts when managers' earnings expectations meet bright†line thresholds and allow voluntary forecasts in other circumstances. We examine the effects of this mixed approach. We find that Chinese mandatory forecasts have significant information content. Moreover, we observe a learning effect: mandatory forecasts appear to stimulate voluntary forecasts in subsequent periods as managers become familiar with the forecasting and disclosing procedures through forced experience. We find one negative consequence of the mixed approach, however: managers appear to manipulate earnings to avoid the forecast threshold of large earnings decreases. Overall, we document the pros and cons of a mixed approach toward management earnings forecasts in a major emerging market.


[Objective] To explore the content of two familiar phthalates (PAEs) in human serum. [Methods] The samples were extracted from hexane, then centrifuged and concentrated and extracts were determined by GC-FID. The data were analyzed by SAS 8.0 statistical soft. [Results] The detection rates of DBP and DEHP were 88.4% and 90.2% in 337 human serum respectively. The contents of two phthalates were in the range of ND-0.89 mg / L (DBP) and ND-5.34 mg / L (DEHP), and DEHP level was higher than DBP level (z=-248, P﹤0.01). [Conclusion] The detection results show that the phthalates have been existing in human serum. It should cause high attention.


The coming together of people of diverse religions to plan and engage in an act of shared spiritual experience – such as interreligious prayer – is something that is still comparatively novel and relatively rare. Yet the impetus for acts of interreligious prayer, or other shared liturgical acts, is increasing. Cross-religion engagements and dialogical encounters occur as communities encompassing religious diversity address issues in common, or respond to crises that affect all. In this paper I explore the issue of interreligious prayer, although what is discussed can also apply to a wider range of liturgical, devotional, or other allied activities.


: The European Union (EU) is in the midst of what could be deemed the biggest threat to its current order since its inception: Member States backsliding on EU founding values. Indeed, the EU is showing no sign of having the rule of law backsliding crisis under control in states such as Hungary and Poland, a decade since the first signs of populist takeovers emerged. Since the foundational values of liberal constitutional democracy were first challenged in these two Central Eastern European (CEE) countries, similar issues in other Member States have also come to light, such as in the Czech Republic and Malta, amongst others. However, little information is available about the democratic stability of other States that also acceded to the EU in 2004. This paper is a stocktaking exercise which aims to address this gap in relation to the fidelity of Latvia to the founding EU value of the rule of law 18 years since it became an EU member. It will examine the state of judicial independence in Latvia during the past few years. Attacks on judicial independence are the main battleground on which the EU is fighting Hungary and Poland, and a value that is considered central to the EU's understanding of the rule of law. It is important to understand Latvia's current state of judicial independence in order to build a broader picture of the status of the rule of law in all Member States. This knowledge will help to fight the EU's rule of law crisis and the rise of populism. This is something that needs to be achieved sooner rather than later so that the EU can stand united against an ever more aggressive Russia to the East.


A simple, efficient, eco-friendly and catalyst-free procedure was developed for the construction of trisubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes via sulfa-Michael/aldol (Henry) cascade reaction in water. The protocol, simply utilizing readily-available starting materials under clean reaction conditions, provided an alternative and highly attractive approach to a series of tetrahydrothiophene derivatives from a wide range of substrates in good yields (up to 93%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99 : 1).


the present article discusses advances in the study of geometry, presenting a way of calculating the geometric decomposition of figures in any dimension. In it is presented a theorem that allows to measure how many regular geometric figures it is possible to decompose by means of a bigger figure. However, this work addresses this decomposition in R, which allows its application in topology or cohomology. It is hoped that the results obtained here will allow advances in studies that are being developed in this field of studies.


A set of evaluation system is built,which is based on a combination of AHP,clustering and fuzzy membership function and expert scoring.evaluation and It is analyzed coal-fired power plant gypsum resources from economic,social and environmental benefits.This evaluation system is the combination of theory and practice,quantitative and qualitative,so it is strict and accurate.It is a reference of increasing the level of gypsum resources.


The paper studied mechanical properties of the PU elastomers which were prepared with HTPB with different molecular weight,diisocyanate and hardener as the raw materials. The results showed that mechanical properties of the PU elastomer increased with increase of molecular weight of HTPB. When the R value was 8,mechanical properties of the PU elastomer were the best. Mechanical properties of the PU elastomer which was prepared with mixed hardener were the best of all. The more the curing temperature and the time were,the better mechanical properties of the PU elastomer were.


the student for the study of evolution equations in infinite dimensional spaces. The present book also represents an introduction to nonlinear functional analysis The functional analytic machinery will first be introduced in simple, finite dimensional situations and will only be put to use where it can be employed with benefit. However, the proofs are constructed--if this can be done without too much additional expenditure-so that they remain valid in the infinite dimensional case.


Three hundred and sixty Abor Acre broilers were used to study the effect of xylanase addition in wheat based diet on broiler performance, relative weights of immune and digestive organs, serum hormones concentration. The results showed that, addition of xylanase in wheat based diet daily increased weight gain and arerage body weight by 9.12% (P0.05) and 9% (P0.05) respectively. The feed/gain ratio was also depressed by 10.87% (P0.05). The relative weight of spleen, bursa of fabricius, thymus was increased by addition of xylanase. The relative weight of pancreas, liver, intestine, proventriculus and gizzard was decreased by xylanase supplementation in wheat based diet. The viscosity of intestinal digesta was also lowered. The result of serum hormones indicated that, the serum level of insulin was decreased(P0.05) in wheat based diet than corn based diet,There is no significant difference in serum levels of T_3, T_4, TSH, GH, Glucagon between three treatments (P0.05) besides the insulin.


The turbine disk is exposed to a high temperature and high pressure environment. The residual stress needs to be controlled below certain level to ensure the high reliability during the service. The residual stress is developed mostly during the heat treatment of quenching and aging. The numerical simulation of heat treatment process can be a useful tool to optimize the material property and process condition. In this study, the heat transfer coefficients of each medium, air and oil, are obtained by experiment coupled with optimization technique and the material properties are obtained by JMatPro which calculates the high temperature material properties. The numerical simulation is performed and the estimated residual stress distribution in each heat treatment stage is shown


NUCLEAR TRANSFER is a procedure by which genetically identical individuals can be created. The applications of these techniques for nuclear transfer will be in agricultural, biomedical and basic research. Based on the sources of donor cells, nuclear transfer can be classified into embryonic cell nuclear transfer and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Offspring from cultured cells were first reported in 1994 (Sims and First, 1994) in cattle. Since this paper showed that cells could be cultured at least 28 days prior to nuclear transfer, it held great promise for genetically modifying the cells prior to nuclear transfer, and thus the possibility of producing animals with specific genetic modifications. This concept is exemplified by the generation of transgenic sheep (Schnieke et al., 1997), pigs (Park et al., 2001), calves (Cibelli et al., 1998a), and gene-targeted sheep (McCreath et al., 2000) and pigs (Lai et al., 2002b), derived from nuclear transfer approaches by using transfected somatic cells. For pigs, somatic cell nuclear transfer has another specific significance, as is it would allow the use of genetic modification procedures to produce tissues and organs from cloned pigs with reduced immunogenicity for use in xenotransplantation (Lai et al., 2002b). However, the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer, when measured as development to term as a proportion of oocytes used, has been very low (1–2%). A number of variables influence the ability to reproduce a specific genotype by cloning. These include species, source of recipient ova, cell type of nuclei donor, treatment of donor cells prior to nuclear transfer, the method of artificial oocyte activation, embryo culture, possible loss of somatic imprinting in the nuclei of reconstructed embryos, failure of adequate reprogramming of the transplanted nucleus, and the techniques employed for nuclear transfer. In pig, there are additional difficulties in that the quality of embryos produced in vitro is low, and at least four good embryos are required to initiate and establish a pregnancy. Procedures for nuclear transfer include the following steps: acquisition of recipient oocytes and donor cells, enucleation (removal of the chromosome from recipient oocytes), insertion of donor nuclei into enucleated oocytes, artificial activation of reconstructed oocytes, and embryo transfer (transfer of the reconstructed embryos into a surrogate).


The research taking Budate Group of Beier depression in Hailaer basin as an example,investigated on intensity,stages and pump function of tectonic movements in the study area and the temporal and spatial evolvement.Using the fractal theory,it attained the tectonic intensity after accounting and calculation which indicated that the tectonic movement with the maximal intensity occurred in Suderte,index from 1.5-1.8,and weaken to the surrounding regions.The large quantity of associated fractures is in favor of forming the various kinds of secondary hydrocarbon reservoir owing to their improving in reservoir space.Through the profile of equilibrium and the calculation of fault growth index,combined with buried period,it documented that the strongest tectonic movement occurred in Lower Cretaceous Nantun Formation and has good matching relation in space-time.All of them provided better transport pathway and advantaged reservoir space for oil accumulation.Furthermore,the pump function generated by faults is the main force to transport the hydrocarbon.A large number of faults in Beier depression experienced three stages: unsealing-sealing-open again.This kind of evolution has matched primary hydrogen generation of source rock,and formed abundant petroleum reservoirs in the buried hill of Budate Group finally.


An investigation was made on cleanness and non-metallic inclusions of LCAK steel produced with BOF-ANS-CC production route.It is found that the total oxygen content of liquid steel T[O] after ANS refining is between 0.0035 % and 0.0056 % and the T[O] content of continuous cast slab is around 0.0025 %.The [N] of the steel increases with increasing Al amount used in pre-deoxidation during BOF tapping.The [N] pick up during ANS refining is only about 3×10 -6 even for the liquid steel containing very low nitrogen.The non-metallic inclusions observed in slab specimens mainly are fine block shaped Al 2O 3 and a few of small sized Al 2O 3 clusters.The amount of the larger sized non-metallic inclusions (50 μm) in slabs is less than 1 mg/(10 kg).


"Sensor Technology" is an important basic professional course for majors of electronic information, including basic theory and technology of multiple subjects. The principles, techniques and knowledge involve in this course are complex and theoretical. It is more likely to be boring and tedious during teaching process, resulting in lacking of concentration and being difficult in this course for the students. CDIO engineering education mode is applied to teaching of the course of "Sensor Technology" in this paper, focusing on the cultivation of students' basic engineering knowledge, teamwork and ability of engineering system. The attempt and exploring are implemented in teaching contents, teaching methods and assessment methods. In the process of teaching based on CDIO, student-centered ideas are followed. Flipped classroom, teamwork and other methods are adopted to improve students' ability of independent learning, searching information, analyzing problem and solving problem, so as to improve teaching quality and students' professional ability and accomplishment.


The electric solar wind sail is a propulsion system that uses long centrifugally spanned and electrically charged tethers to extract solar wind momentum for spacecraft thrust. The sail solar zenith angle and phase can be controlled by modulating the voltage of each tether separately to produce net torque for attitude control and thrust vectoring. In this paper, we cover the basics of the electric sail control based on our set of dynamical models including single tether simulation and rigid body and fully dynamical simulations for the entire sail. Short describtions of these models are given. We also consider real solar wind conditions based on available solar wind data and address the effects of the solar wind density and velocity variations on the sail dynamics, control, and navigation.


The life histories and biology of 'Neohesperilla crocea' (Miskin), 'N. senta' (Miskin), 'N. xanthomera' (Meyrick and Lower) and 'N. xiphiphora' (Lower) are described. The species feed on the grasses 'Chrysopogon acicuiatus' (Retz), 'Themeda triandra' Forsk, 'Heteropogon' sp. and 'Schizachyrium perplexum' S.T. Blake (all Poaccae) respectively.


This study used exploratory and descriptive survey to examine the use of various motivational skills for arousing, developing and fostering students' interest in learning mathematics. The sample comprised of 30 full-time mathematics teachers from SS schools in Jos Metropolis. Data was collected using TMSQ made of 26 items drawn on a nominal scale of Observed, Used well and not observed. The TMSQ was validated by experts. It was administered by 15 trained research assistants (Observers). At the end of the observations, data was gathered and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and chi-square statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that teachers use different skills, with varying intensity, to help in motivating students to develop and sustain interest in learning mathematics. For example, it was observed that teachers significantly used and maintained eye contact with students, used voice effectively and spread questions evenly in class but their ability to control the pace of lessons and vary their style of instruction was insignificant. Also, it was found out that the use of motivational skills is not significantly associated with teachers' years of teaching experience and qualification. It was recommended among other things that research should be conducted on the influence of various motivational skills on achievement of learning goals and attention span and teachers should devise new motivational skills that will help promote students' interest in mathematics.


Seeking solutions from one domain to solve problems in another is an effective process of innovation. This process of analogy searching is difficult for both humans and machines. In this paper, we present a novel approach for re-presenting a problem in terms of its abstract structure, and then allowing people to use this structural representation to find analogies. We propose a crowdsourcing process that helps people navigate a large dataset to find analogies. Through two experiments, we show the benefits of using abstract structural representations to search for ideas that are analogous to a source problem, and that these analogies result in better solutions than alternative approaches. This work provides a useful method for finding analogies, and can streamline innovation for both novices and professional designers.


Sixteen male and 16 female college students participated in this experiment. Ss were equally divided among groups who learned eight paired associates by means of either visual or aural presentation of stimuli. After learning to a criterion of one successful set of vocal anticipations of the entire list, and following a 3-min. rest period, one-half of each group were given retention tests using visual presentation of stimuli. The other half of each group were given retention tests using aural presentation of stimuli. The paired associates within a list were of various degrees of meaningfulness as defined by associational values. On the basis of analysis of variance tescs at the '05 level of statistical significance, females met the criterion of learning in fewer trials and with fewer errors than did males. Ss who learned through visual presentation met the criterion of


Objective: To analyze the effect of 4 ℃ frozen infusion and targeted nursing on the severe craniocerebral injury. Methods: 50 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were chosen for analysis during October 2012- December 2013. All the patients were divided into two groups at random. The observation group was treated with 4 ℃ frozen infusion and targeted nursing,while the control group was treated with normal mild hypothermia therapy and nursing.To compare the GCS scores,heart rate,complications and quality of life between two groups. Results: The GCS scores,heart rate,breath rabe and quality of life of the observation group were higher than that of the control group,while the complication occur rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: 4 ℃ frozen infusion and nursing can improve the clinical index,complication occur and reduce the rate of side effect.It is worth to improve and apply.


The FLN approach is similar to the one taken by the biologically motivated adaptive resonance theory (ART) (Carpenter and Grossberg [10], Carpenter et al [11]) and the min-max neural networks (Simpson [87, 88]). But even though it is originated in the adaptive resonance as well as the min-max neural networks, fuzzy lattice neurocomputing (FLN) proceeds far beyond these approaches. It generalises both of them by employing the theory of lattices (Birkhoff [6]) which is blended efficiently with the theory of fuzzy sets (Zadeh [101]). Thus, the activation function employed by FLN's neurons is lattice applicable instead of being strictly applicable to the set of real numbers. The application domain of the FLN is a general mathematical lattice. In document classification, it appears that the proposed method favorably improves classification accuracy in problems involving longer documents, whereas performance deteriorates in problems involving short documents.


LOCAL PROBLEM Inefficient procedures in place at any point in the emergency department (ED) can create a bottleneck and result in significant adverse effects, particularly for patients with time-sensitive conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, sepsis, or acute stroke. This project explores improving the input phase to ensure that patients presenting to the ED are assessed without unnecessary delay. The current set-up has patients that arrive to the ED waiting area to check-in with a registration clerk who enters the patient's name, date of birth and chief complaint into Medhost, the ED electronic health record (EHR) and then registers the patient in Meditech for billing and insurance. The patient's name appearing in the EHR is what alerts the triage nurse that there is a patient to be seen; there is no clinically trained person who is stationed in or with an unobstructed view of the waiting room. The triage nurse pulls the patient directly to an exam room if available or to the triage room and completes a focused assessment and documents chief complaint, vital signs, allergies, medical history, home medication list, surgical history, travel screen, sepsis screen, suicide screen, pain, and assigns an acuity level. The current process has ample room for error and the potential for adverse events to occur.


References: 1) Gao, R.; Stock, A. M. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2009, 63, 133-54. 2) Wilke, K.E.; Francis, S.; Carlson, E. E. ACS Chem. Biol. 2015, 10, 328-35. 3) Wilke, K. E. Chemical Probes for Histidine Kinase Protein Profiling and Inhibitor Discovery. Ph.D. Thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 2014. Acknowledgements: • Raleigh Godsey, Dr. Manibarsha Goswami, Dr. Erin Carlson, Dr. Kaelyn Wilke and everyone else in the Carlson lab who guided me through this project. • UROP Program and the University of Minnesota Chemistry Department • Additional funding provided by: Histidine Kinases as a Drug Target: Advantages and Challenges


Stress, causes environmental and biological factors to undergo significant changes in physiological events that occur in plants. Various studies have also shown that the temperature factor is one of the most important factors affecting the metabolism of plants. Chilling stress begins as the temperature falls below the values required for plant growth. Each plant species has its own degree of chilling. In other words, it is the temperature at which the metabolic activity decreases. In plant changes, this change varies according to the degree of chilling. As a result of the formation of oxygen radicals, which cause harm to plant metabolism and break down, due to the stres that occur in plants exposed to cold. The defense system is activated due to the genetic structure of the plant species and variety and the antioxidative enzyme activities in this defense system play an important role. In this study, the metabolic effects of chilling stress on plants and the defense mechanism that plants developed against cold were investigated. Keywords ; Stress, cold, plant, temperature, antioxidative enzyme activities


From landslide risk assessment and fuzzy multiple attribute decision, this paper makes an analysis and assessment for the dam site selection comparison of the Kala hydropower station in Sichuan Province. Analysis of landslide risk, vulnerability and destructiveness yields the final result of the dam site selection. Considering the various influencing factors, the evaluation index system for the optimization of the dam site is set up. The index values are quantified, and the weights are determined using the comparative weighting method. The results of these two methods show that the upper dam site is the most preferred one among the upper, middle, and lower dam sites as candidates.


Abstract This paper explores the gendering of architectural space by examining exchange rituals in spaces of courtship, such as assembly rooms, that provided places of public gathering outside the family home for making marriage arrangements. As a specific example, I take Almack's Assembly Rooms, King Street, St. James's, a place of aristocratic entertainment and leisure during the early nineteenth century. At Almack's, activities of exchange, consumption, and display were articulated in relation to courtship and marriage. Such activities were carefully controlled by the patrons whose concerns over the possible transgressions that aspects of private family life might indicate in public company, were represented as issues of the private in terms of exclusivity and intimacy, and the public in relation to display and masquerade.


The DC-DC module is designed for the 300W Photovoltaic (PV) inverter with a former push-pull DC-DC boost. A UC3846 is applied to generate PWM signal. As the double-loop feedback, the output current and voltage are utilized in the circuit with the PID adjustment to improve the response speed. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed DC-DC converter.


Fast dissolving films are a one of novel dosage form in pharmaceutical research. They have convenience and ease of use over other dosage forms such as orally disintegrating tablets and immediate release tablets. In the present research, rapidly dissolving films of Tobramycin were developed
 using Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP) as film forming polymers by solvent casting method. The prepared films were evaluated for drug content, weight variation, thickness and in vitro in vivo disintegration time. The in vitroand in vivodissolving
 time of the optimized formulation was found to be below 15–40 seconds respectively. The prepared films exhibited good integrity and thickness. In vitro dissolution studies were performed as per the FDA dissolution guidelines for about 3 minutes, the optimum formulation released
 complete drug within 3 minutes. Statistical analysis showed no drug polymer interaction.


Hemopure®, a newly developed hemoglobin-based oxygen carrying solution (HBOC-201), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials in elective surgical patients. Hemopure is a glutaraldehyde-polymerized, stroma free, bovine hemoglobin solution that is administered intravenously. Patients infused with this solution showed highly increased concentrations of plasma hemoglobin as expected. Since plasma hemoglobin may affect the accuracy of many instruments and assays (1), we studied the effect of Hemopure on the performance of commonly used coagulation analyzers. This study was conducted on seven different instrument models from four manufacturers and covered four types of methodologies that are widely available. The assays targeted were prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time …


Noncoding genetic variation is a major driver of phenotypic diversity but determining the underlying mechanisms and the cell types in which it acts remain challenging problems. Here, we investigate the impact of natural genetic variation provided by phenotypically diverse inbred strains of mice on gene expression and epigenetic landscapes of Kupffer cells. Analysis of gene expression in Kupffer cells and other liver cell types derived from C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ and A/J mice provided evidence for strain-specific differences in environmental factors influencing Kupffer cell phenotypes, including preferential Leptin signaling in BALB/cJ Kupffer cells. Systematic analysis of transcriptomic and epigenetic data from F1 hybrids of these mice, and transcriptomic data from strain-specific Kupffer cells engrafted into a common host enabled quantitative assessment of cis versus trans effects of genetic variation on gene expression and an estimate of cell autonomous versus non cell autonomous effects. Under homeostatic conditions, trans effects of genetic variation were dominant, with the majority of trans regulation being non cell autonomous. In contrast, strain specific responses to acutely administered LPS were primarily associated with genetic variation acting in cis to modify response elements for lineage determining and signal dependent transcription factors. Collectively, these findings reveal cell intrinsic and environmental effects of natural genetic variation on gene expression, demonstrate the use of enhancers as detectors of trans effects of genetic variation, and provide a new resource for understanding the impact of genetic variation on gene expression in Kupffer cells.


For some time, the fields of computer science and cognition have diverged. Researchers in these two areas know ever less about each other's work, and their important discoveries have had diminishing influence on each other. In many universities, researchers in these two areas are in different laboratories and programs, and sometimes in different buildings. One might conclude from this lack of contact that computer science and semiotics functions, such as perception, language, memory, representation, and categorization, reflect our independent systems. But for the last several decades, the divergence between cognition and computer science tends to disappear. These areas need to be studied together, and the cognitive science approach can afford this interdisciplinary view. This article refers to the possibility of circulation between the self-organization of the concepts and the relevance of each conceptual property of the data-mining process and especially discusses categorization in terms of a prototypical theory, based on the notion of prototype and basic level categories. Categorization is a basic means of organizing the world around us and offers a simple way to process the mass of stimuli that one perceives every day. The ability to categorize appears early in infancy and has an important role for the acquisition of concepts in a prototypical approach. Prototype structures have cognitive representations as representations of real-world categories. The senses of the English words cat or table are involved in a conceptual inclusion in which the extension of the superordinated (animal/furniture) concept includes the extension of the subordinated (Persian cat/dining room table) concept, while the intention of the more general concept is included by the intention of the more specific concept. This study is included in the categorization process. Categorization is a fundamental process of mental representation used daily for any person or for any science, and it is also a central problem in semiotics, linguistics, and data mining. Data mining also has been defined as a cognitive strategy for searching automatically new information from large datasets or selecting a document, which is possible with computer science and semiotics tools. Data mining is an analytic process to explore data in order to find interesting pattern motifs and/or variables in the great quantity of data; it depends mostly on the categorization process. The computational techniques from statistics and pattern recognition are used to do this datamining practice.


The ExoMol [1] project aims at providing spectroscopic data for key molecules that can be used to characterize the atmospheres of exoplanets and cool stars. Formaldehyde (H2CO) is of growing importance in studying and modelling terrestrial atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. It also has relevance in astrophysical phenomena that include interstellar medium abundance, proto-planetary and cometary ice chemistry and masers from extra-galactic sources. However there gaps in currently available absolute intensities and a lack of higher rotational excitations that makes it unfeasible to accurately model high temperature systems such as hot Jupiters. Here we present AYTY [2], a new line list for formaldehyde applicable to temperatures up to 1500 K. AYTY contains almost 10 million states reaching rotational excitations up to J = 70 and over 10 billion transitions at up to 10 000 cm−1. The line list was computed using the variational ro-vibrational solver TROVE with a refined ab-initio potential energy surface and dipole moment surface.


A Dissertation submitted to the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of masters of medicine (Internal medicine) of Makerere University.


The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of salinity level on different forms of inorganic phosphorus (P) transformation in three different soil series such as Amjhupi, Gopalpur and Bajoa located in Ganges River Floodplain. Two non-saline soils and one slightly saline soil with different textural classes were collected from these sites. The salinity treatments were 0, 6, 10 and 13 dSm-1 with three replications. The treated soils were then incubated in laboratory at field capacity moisture condition. To determine the transformation of different forms of inorganic P, sampling was done for 0, 14, 21, 42 and 84 days. Different forms of inorganic P such as soluble and exchangeable phosphorus (SE-P), iron and aluminium bound phosphorus (Fe and Al-P), calcium bound phosphorus (Ca-P) and residual phosphorus (RE-P) were determined. For Amjhupi soil series, the sequence of different forms of inorganic P was RE-P>Ca-P>Fe and Al-P>SE-P according to their amount. For Gopalpur and Bajoa soil series, the sequence was Ca- P>RE-P>Fe and Al-P>SE-P and RE-P>Ca-P>Fe and Al-P>SE-P, respectively. The sequence clearly indicates that the soluble and exchangeable P decreases with time due to salinity which reduces the uptake of P and ultimately reduces the yield. The changes were statistically significant ( p<0.0001 ) in case of all three soils. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5 (1): 71-79, 2016 (June)


In order to achieve the purpose of "integrating students' practical capacity, initiative spirit cultivation and humanistic quality, technical literacy and artistic achievement" about vocational technology cultivation, in the teaching research on vocational skill competition, we explore, develop and construct a digital information sharing mechanism and application technology oriented to "multi-level, comprehensive skill competition teaching". On actual vocational skill cultivation, against the multi-level skill competition teaching, we expand the information technology application, and construct digital information sharing resource pool with certain theory bases and application values.


Al_ 2 O_ 3 /TiC ceramic composite was produced by using hot pressing sintering. Al_ 2 O_ 3 /TiC ceramic composite has good general mechanical properties, its flexural strength is 850 MPa and fracture toughness reaches 4.9 MPa·m~ 1/2 . The friction and wear behavior of Al_ 2 O_ 3 /TiC ceramic composite were studied at the high speed wear and tear test machine. Worn surfaces were observed by the scanning electron microscope. Results show that the wear rate of Al_2O_3/TiC ceramic composite declines with the increase of rotation speed, but the shifted pressure on specimen has little effect on wear rate. The wear mechanism of Al_ 2 O_ 3 /TiC ceramic composite are mostly brittleness break off and furrow and it has great capability in wear resistance. Al_ 2 O_ 3 /TiC ceramic composite is an excellent material used for preparing wire drawing dies.


Abstract We report a case of an adolescent patient with medial clavicular tenderness after a fall on the lateral left shoulder. Initial radiographs did not reveal a fracture or dislocation. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose a posterior clavicular fracture dislocation.


The complexation of N p O j ion by haloacetates and hydroxy acids has been studied in 2.0 M (NaClOi) by spectrophotometry. The enhancement in complexation by a-hydroxyacids was attributed to chelate formation involving the a-hydroxy group. Other orthocarboxyphenolates acted as monodentate ligands. Data analysis of complexation by haloacetates suggest a dominant inner-sphere nature of bonding.


David B. Collum, the Betty R. Miller Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, describes his unusual entry into chemistry while an undergraduate at Cornell University, a exciting experience in graduate school at Columbia University, and his movement from organic synthesis to physical organometallic chemistry in his early days as an assistant professor at Cornell. The interviewer and former mentor, Professor Bruce Ganem, wander through life at Cornell, the temperament of the department, life as department chairman, and emerging interests in political economics.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a motor vehicle radiator and an air conditioning condenser member in thermal exchanger of formation and the catalyst material of the catalyst material or its combination with. The catalyst material includes a metal nodules extending above the metal substrate and is fixed in the hole and anodic oxide coating surface having a porous anodic oxide coating. Nodules is either formed by the catalytic metal, or formed by other metals, then the catalyst metal is covered. The catalyst stock material is formed into the heat exchanger fins, it is mounted on the heat exchanger tube group. Alternatively, the catalyst stock material can also the molding to separate the catalyst structure, the catalyst structure into the air flow stream, preferably mounted in the air flow relationship to the heat exchanger.


Preference for strains of Rhizobium meliloti by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes was studied in a series of experiments to determine whether selection for physiological and morphological traits associated with N₂ fixation capability modified the preference of alfalfa for rhizobial strains. In the first two experiments, an unselected alfalfa population and eight subpopulations were inoculated with antibiotic-resistant mutants of Rhizobium to study the effect of plant selection on preference for strains of Rhizobium. A series of indigenous isolates of Rhizobium was obtained from nodules of alfalfa subpopulations grown in nonsterile field soil and tested for effectiveness. A second set of experiments was similarly conducted with five populations: two unselected alfalfa populations, a population derived from each unselected population by three cycles of selection for enhanced nitrogenase activity, and the F₁ between the two third-cycle populations. Plant selection for high and low levels of N₂ fixation potential modified the preference of alfalfa for antibiotic resistant mutant strains of R.meliloti. Selected alfalfa subpopulations showed increased nodule occupancy by indigenous and by effective mutant strains compared with the unselected original population. In other experiments, nodule occupancy by an effective mutant increased on selected alfalfa populations compared with that of the unselected populations, while nodule occupancy by indigenous Rhizobium decreased. Generally, the indigenous isolates from the alfalfa entries selected for high levels of N₂ fixation potential were more effective than were the isolates of Rhizobium from unselected populations and subpopulations selected for low levels of N₂ fixation potential. It was concluded that plant selectlon programs should be conducted with the most effective and competitive strains of Rhizobium available. This should increase the likelihood that selected alfalfa populations will show preference for very effective strains of indigenous Rhizobium.


Wine has been considered as safe and healthy drink, besides an important adjunct to the diet. The present work was carried out to develop process methodology for the production of Herbal wine from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The prepared Hibiscus based herbal wines were evaluated for their effect against common food borne pathogens. Hibiscus petals extract supplemented with sugar proved to be a good medium for the growth of different Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for making the Hibiscus wine. The wine was found to be similar to any other wine in terms of its composition and sensory quantities. The wine exhibited bactericidal activity against common food borne pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, E. coli). Effect of different yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, viz. MTCC 178, MTCC 180, MTCC 786 Strains on the enological and sensory characteristics of Hibiscus wines was determined. Different yeast strains influenced the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines produced to a variable extent. The higher rate of fermentation was shown by MTCC 178, compared to MTCC 180 and MTCC 786. Out of various strains, MTCC 178 gave the highest efficiency along with higher ethanol yield. The MTCC 786 strain produced lowest ethanol in wine. The wine made with MTCC 178 had higher titratable acidity. TSS, acidity, pH, total sugar, ethanol and colour did not contribute to separation of yeasts. Sensory evaluation scores of different wines revealed that the must fermented with the yeast strain MTCC 178 had higher scores for colour, taste, flavour, consistency and overall acceptability. Antioxidant potential of different yeast strain wine was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by estimation of total phenolic & tannins contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP assey. amongest the three yeast strains screened for alcoholic fermentation of reconstituted Hibiscus petals extract, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 178 was found most potent strain. The optimal alcoholic fermentation of reconstituted Hibiscus extract by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 178 was recorded at 250c, initial pH of must 5.0 and total soluble solid 240 brix with an inoculam level of 10% (v/v). wine is very important along with other vinification practices as it influenced the chemical and sensorial quality of wine.


Using eight varieties of Saccharum officinarum and one variety of S. sinense, effects of leaf nitrogen content on leaf photosynthetic characteristics were examined on the uppermost full expanded leaf. Four experimental blocks (nitrogen treatment, NT) were established under hydroponics using four nitrogen contents in culture solution. Factors of leaf photosynthesis characteristics investigated in this experiment were as follows; photosynthetic rate and water vapor exchange coefficient under 2000 μmol/m2/s and 240 μmol/m2/s of photosynthetically active radiation (P2000, D2000, P240, and D240, respectively), the contents of total nitrogen (N), soluble protein (SOLP), chlorophyll (CHL), and fraction 1 protein (F 1 P), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity (PEPC). Significant differences among varieties were obtained in P240, N, and F 1 P. All of leaf photosynthetic characteristics and related internal factors examined in this experiment showed significant difference of variance analysis in the nitrogen treatments (NT) and the interaction of NT and variety. On the statistical analysis with whole data in this experiment, P2000 showed highest relationship (r=0.747, P<0.01) to D2000. Correlation coefficients between P2000, and CHL, SOLP, and PEPC were 0.657, 0.648, and 0.556 with significant level at 1%, respectively. The ratio of F 1 P to SOLP was higher in the low leaf nitrogen content (block II) than in block I. The nitrogen use efficiency in photosynthesis of sugarcane was low as in a range of 2.5 to 3.7 mgCO2/mgN/h.


As a pending issue, the Suffering Constructions in a broad sense have challenged scholars to explore their nature and features. The author of the current paper, on the basis of the split-CP hypothesis, endeavors to put forward a unified account for the Suffering Constructions in a broad sense found in both Chinese and Japanese, i.e., the node which bears the feature [+Foc] is to be checked. This can be satisfied via two ways: a) verb-raising, or b) checking-marker(s) inserting. Language facts shows that Japanese has the feature checked only through the first way, while Chinese both: "Wangmian sile fuqin" constructions raising the verb-head, whereas passives inserting the suffering marker BEI.


In this work, we focus on conditional Lp−quantiles estimation for elliptical random vectors. In a previous paper, we proposed a methodology to approximate such extreme quantiles, based on two extremal parameters. We thus propose some estimators for these parameters, and study their asymptotic properties in the case of heavy-tailed distributions. Thereafter, from these parameters, we construct extreme conditional quantiles estimators, and give their consistency properties. Using recent results on the asymptotic relationship between quantiles and Lp−quantiles, we deduce estimators for extreme conditional Lp−quantiles. In order to test the efficiency of our estimators, we propose a simulation study. A financial data example is also proposed.


The accuracy of hyperspectral data in forest type classification using traditional pixel-based method is very low.In this paper,we analyze the characteristics of hyperspectral data and then choose the object-oriented nearest neighbor supervised method to classify the CHRIS image.Firstly,we segment the image basing on the multiresolution sense.Secondly,adopt nearest neighbor supervised method to class the composite dataset which is combining with the information of segmented objects,shape characteristics and context features.At last,we compare the results of the two ways-the traditional maximum likelihood method based on pixel and the nearest neighbor supervised method based on object.The total accuracy is 89.75% and 96.23%,which shows that the latter approach better for forestry type classification.Through this experiment,we recognize that the object-oriented nearest neighbor supervised method has a definite advantage in dealing with hyperspectral data classification and it can play a technical reference and theoretical basis for the future forest type classification of hyperspectral image.


Scanning electron microscope and image analysis techniques were used to construct a profile of otolith growth from June 1987–June 1988 in immature Notothenia coriiceps. Growth was found to fluctuate seasonally with a large decrease between August and late November 1987. Examination of stomach fullness showed that fish continued to feed during winter. Increases in absolute light levels and sea temperature during spring were found to coincide approximately with increasing growth. Conclusive evidence distinguishing between hypotheses for limitation of growth either by seawater temperature or by resource availability was not found.


Factors affecting the fermentative production of L-valine were studied and optimal conditions were determined in the shake flask production by Aerobacter aerogenes NISR-B-801.Optimal C/N-ratio, 100:7.8 (at 10% glucose), and adequate aeration, Kd. about 6.0×10-6 [gram-mole of oxygen per atm. min. cc of broth], were found to be the most important factors to bring about L-Valine fermentation. Chemical ingredients of media, especially trace elements (e.g., Ni, Mn, Mo) as well as bulk elements (phosphorus, Mg, K) have also remarkable influences on valine formation. The most efficient fermentation was performed with optimum inocula, 4-5 per cent(v/v) of media, under optimal pH 6.2-5.4.The high yields of L-valine, about 20 per cent conversion of glucose, were obtained under the conditions studied.


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Nonstop forwarding is designed to minimize packet loss when a management system fails to function. A system with non-stop forwarding can continue to forward some packets even in the event of a processor failure. We consider a Geo/Geo/1 N-limited nonstop forwarding queue. In the queueing system, when the server breaks down, up to customers can be serviced during the repair time.The delay distribution of customers is given by matrix geometric analysis.


Electron microscopic techniques have been applied to the study of all aspects of structure, function and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Today these powerful methods are mainly used in determining sequence relationships of large DNA molecules and in structural studies of nucleic acid-protein complexes. Some recent applications in the analysis of prokaryotic genomes are discussed.


Abstract Prof. Alexander will present a study linking national nursing home (NH) health information technology (HIT) to quality. This research explores relationships between NH HIT maturity and UTIs examined during a repeated cross-sectional study over 4 consecutive years (2013-2017). HIT maturity represents the diversity of technology use in NHs. Researchers conducted bivariate and multivariate regressions using MDS 3.0 resident assessments and post stratified survey weights controlling for NH characteristics. Our sample included 816 NHs. These NHs had 219,730 regular NH resident assessments within 90 days of a survey, representing 80,322 unique NH residents. Of these assessments, 4.1% recorded a UTI. In the multivariate analyses, administrative HIT capabilities was associated with lower odds of UTI (AOR: 0.906, 95% CI: 0.843, 0.973), controlling for covariates. Integration of administrative HIT systems may relieve the burden of tracing UTIs, data documentation and record retrieval affording NH staff time to focus their efforts on clinical care.


As wideband Delta-Sigma-Modulators (DSMs) are restricted in oversampling ratio (OSR), and low OSR reduces the benefit of higher order loop filters, the increase of the internal resolution is an obvious way to achieve high signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR). State-of-the-art implementations restrict the internal resolution to mostly 4–6 bits, as efficient QTZs with higher resolution add excessive delay into the DSM. Multi-step or time-interleaved-quantizer (TI-QTZs) are an effective way to enhance resolution at high sampling rate, but the resulting latency in excess of one clock cycle usually prohibits their usage in DSMs. This paper proposes a new architecture to employ high resolution multi-step QTZs, such as TI SAR or pipeline ADCs. In the proposed architecture, an excess loop delay (ELD) of several clock cycles in the LSBs is purposefully allowed. While the MSBs are conventionally ELD-compensated, the LSBs are not. The resulting error is corrected in the digital domain. It is shown that matching requirements are relaxed by first-order shaping. The idea is also applicable to a Leslie-Singh and noise-coupling architecture, which are compared to the proposed architecture in an extensive system-level analysis and simulation. Depending on the target application, an advantageous design recommendation can be given based on the presented results depending on OSR, internal bitwidth and expected analog-digital matching.


When elites mobilize supporters according to different cleavages, or when individuals realign themselves along new identity lines, do their political preferences change? Scholars have focused predominantly on the size of potential coalitions that leaders construct, to the exclusion of other changes that might occur when one or another identity type is made salient. In this article, I argue that changes in the salience of ethnicity and religion in Africa are associated with variation in policy preferences at the individual level. I test this claim empirically using data from a framing experiment in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. By randomly assigning participants to either a religious or an ethno-linguistic context, I show that group members primed to ethnicity prioritize club goods, the access to which is a function of where they live. Otherwise identical individuals primed to religion prioritize behavioral policies and moral probity. These findings are explained by the geographic boundedness of ethnic groups and the geographic expansiveness of (world) religions in the study area.


The following article presents research results and performance analysis of Priority Queuing System (PQS) that are supporting the Quality of Service (QoS). Priority queuing models supporting three traffic classes (high, medium and low priority) in 5-3-1 architecture were designed and tested. The performance assessment of the tested system was carried out using temporal Petri nets. The use of simulation tools in the form of Petri Nets (PN) allowed for the evaluation and verification of waiting times, queuing mechanisms and traffic intensity using the queuing algorithm. It was shown that temporal models of Petri nets can be effectively used in modeling and analysis of the performance of priority queuing systems


In Ad Hoc networks,because of the instability of the wireless environment and the ambulation of the terminal,the topology of the network is changing and the end-to-end network service quality transforms all the time.QoS routing problem is the key for supplying service quality assurance in Ad Hoc networks.Presents a QoS routing algorithm which can be applied in Ad Hoc networks.The algorithm combines the ant colony algorithm together with the characteristics of Ad Hoc networks and it can efficiently looks for the QoS routing which satisfies the delay,delay-jitter,bandwidth,packet-loss,hop,cost in Ad Hoc networks.Consequently the Ad Hoc networks's QoS routing performance significantly improves.


A data matrix of 81 characters for 23 species of the subgenus Lasioglossum sensu Michener (1999) is analysed cladistically with the primary purpose of obtaining a phylogeny for western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium group. Outgroup taxa were chosen on the basis of published species groupings for Old World species and a phylogeny for the New World species. Outgroup resolution was poor but results for the ingroup were consistent and indicate that (i) the social behaviour recorded for L. aegyptiellum is nested within a solitary background and therefore represents an origin of sociality independent of all others within the Halictidae, (ii) the monotypic subgenus Sericohalictus is a derived member of the leucozonium species-group, and (iii) L. laevigatum is not a member of this group.


A condition of abnormal electrical activity in the heart which is a threat to humans is shown by this electrocardiogram. It is a representative signal containing information about the condition of the heart. The of the P-QRS-T wave shape and size and their time intervals between its various peaks these are all contain useful information about the nature of disease affecting the heart. This paper presents a technique to examine electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, take out the features for the heart beats classification. Collect data from MIT-BIH database. The heart rate is used as the base signal from which certain parameters are extracted and presented to the BPN for classification.


On 20 December 2013, the Italian Competition Authority (the "Authority") opened an investigation against SEA for an alleged abuse of dominant position that aimed at preventing the entry of a…


The polymerization of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene (DMB) induced by butyllithium (BuLi), oligo-2,3-dimethylbutadienyllithium (ODMBL), and by the system ODMBL/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMD) was investigated in heptane at 60°C. The reaction order with respect to the organolithium compound was found to be for these cases −0,32, 0,28, and 0,56 respectively. The negative reaction order for BuLi is caused by the existence of the mixed associates (BuLi)x. (MnLi)y which follows from the negative influence of BuLi on the propagation reaction rate in the system DMB/ODMBL. Contrary to butadiene and isoprene, catalytic amounts of TMD decrease the propagation rate of DMB. This phenomenon is ascribed to a weak tendency of the complexes of the DMB-living chains to dissociate into the monomeric form MnLi. TMD. The UV- and IR-spectra of the living DMB-chains and their complexes with TMD are studied.


Course Description This course is intended to introduce the student to the analysis of the qualitative behavior of nonlinear systems, and the synthesis and design of controllers for such systems. The course begins with an introduction to nonlinear system theory and stability analysis. The latter half of the course presents techniques for nonlinear control design with particular emphasis on techniques applicable to mechanical and electrical systems.


The head-disk interface of a negative-pressure slider is evaluated. The damage occurring on seeking and tracking is caused by dust invading the space between the slider and the disk and wearing down the disk surface. Such damage is suppressed by controlling the cleanliness and wear resistance of the disk surface. The slider does not make contact with the disk even at a flying height of 0.1 ¿m, because damage does not occur under conditions of high cleanliness. The environment cleanliness and disk surface wear resistance (environment stress) were varied in accelerated lifetime tests; the results indicated that the interface has a long lifetime of over 300,000 hours. In start/stop operation using loading/unloading, the slider sustained no damage in over 30,000 cycles.


Herein, we report a robust way for the formation of biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) polymersomes, via direct hydration of a highly concentrated block copolymer/oligo(ethylene glycol) solution. Polymersomes with variable membrane thickness were formed under relatively mild conditions in a short time, by changing the hydrophobic block length. Plunge freezing followed by cryo transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) was utilized to visualize the morphology of newly-formed polymersomes in their native condition. An MTT cytotoxicity study showed that the as-prepared polymersomes have good biocompatibility to hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells. As this method does not involve the use of small molecular organic solvent, sonication or freeze–thawing steps, it can offer the opportunity to form biodegradable polymersomes on-site. The work may facilitate the bench-to-bedside translation of biodegradable polymersomes as robust drug nanocarriers.


The function and application of the turbulent mixed equipment of the Jet fluid are presented. The fluid dynamics equations of the liquid-gas ejector with two stage turbulent mix are established. Because liquid-gas turbulent mix advances the chemical reaction of flue gas contained sulfide with jet separating sulfur agent, the change in the equations of the fluid momentum and energy is studied. The main factors related to the effect of separating sulfur and dust are discussed. Finally, examples are given of liquid-gas ejector's application in environmental engineering.


We tested the efficacy and skill of SnowCloud, a prototype web-based, cloud-computing framework for snow mapping and hydrologic modeling. SnowCloud is the overarching framework that functions within the Google Earth Engine cloud-computing environment. SnowCloudMetrics is a sub-component of SnowCloud that provides users with spatially and temporally composited snow cover information in an easy-to-use format. SnowCloudHydro is a simple spreadsheet-based model that uses Snow Cover Frequency (SCF) output from SnowCloudMetrics as a key model input. In this application, SnowCloudMetrics rapidly converts NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover product (MOD10A1) into a monthly snow cover frequency for a user-specified watershed area. SnowCloudHydro uses SCF and prior monthly streamflow to forecast streamflow for the subsequent month. We tested the skill of SnowCloudHydro in three snow-dominated headwaters that represent a range of precipitation/snowmelt runoff categories: the Río Elqui in Northern Chile; the John Day River, in the Northwestern United States; and the Río Aragón in Northern Spain. The skill of the SnowCloudHydro model directly corresponded to snowpack contributions to streamflow. Watersheds with proportionately more snowmelt than rain provided better results (R2 values: 0.88, 0.52, and 0.22, respectively). To test the user experience of SnowCloud, we provided the tools and tutorials in English and Spanish to water resource managers in Chile, Spain, and the United States. Participants assessed their user experience, which was generally very positive. While these initial results focus on SnowCloud, they outline methods for developing cloud-based tools that can function effectively across cultures and languages. Our approach also addresses the primary challenges of science-based computing; human resource limitations, infrastructure costs, and expensive proprietary software. These challenges are particularly problematic in countries where scientific and computational resources are underdeveloped.


In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art review of Agent-based models (ABM) for simulation of social conflict phenomena, such as peaceful or violent street protests, civil violence and revolution. First, a simplified characterization of social conflict phenomena as emergent properties of a complex system is presented, together with a description of their macro and micro levels and the scales of the emergent properties. Then, existing ABM for simulation of crowd dynamics, civil violence and revolution are analyzed and compared, using a framework that considers their purpose/scope, environment representation, agent types and their architecture, the scales of the emergent properties, the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the phenomena provided by the results obtained from the models. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the existing models, as well as the promising lines of research for filling the gaps between the state-of-the-art models and real phenomena. This review is part of a work in progress on the assembling and dynamics of protests and civil violence, involving both simulation of the assembling process and the protest dynamics, as well as data collection in real protest events, and provides hints and guidelines for future developments.


An Fe/Al2O3nanocomposite was prepared by high energy ball milling method, and which then annealed at 700oC for 0.5 h in Ar atmosphere. The effect of annealing on the microstructure, magnetism and microwave- absorption properties of Fe/Al2O3nanocomposite has been investigated. It follows that the annealing resulted in increasing grain size, decreasing lattice defects and releasing the residual microstrain; meanwhile, decreasing the intensity of photoluminescence peaks of Al2O3significantly, therewith the peaks at 398 nm and 484 nm exhibit a blue shift. An optimal reflection loss of-11.4 dB at 15.5GHz was measured for a 7.7 mm thick layer of as-milled composite powder mixture with paraffin. However, the annealing treatment could remarkably enhance the dielectric loss, magnetic loss and microwave absorption performance of the composite, leading to an optimal reflection loss of-35.5 dB at 17 GHz for a layer thickness of 6.4 mm for the annealed composite.


This research into the origin of the metacognitive competence for the preschool children is based on the importance of the environment. It starts from a hypothesis according to which the metacognitive competence, such as self-regulation, the planning, and the monitoring, develop during the preschool period in the interaction with the adult or the pairs in the course of the problem solving as Vygotski suggests. That means that the self-regulation may be such like the process during which the child takes a charge progressively in competence at the inter-individual level. (. . . )


Selecting the right scheduling policy is a crucial issue in the development of an embedded real-time application. Whereas scheduling policies are typically judged according to their ability to schedule task sets at a high processor utilizations, other concerns, such as predictability and simplicity are often overlooked. In this paper, we argue that FIFO scheduling with offsets is a suitable choice when these concerns play a key role. To this end, we examine the predictability of FIFO, present a schedulability analysis for it and evaluate both, performance and predictability of FIFO scheduling with and without offsets. Our results show that FIFO with offsets exhibits competitive performance for task with regular periods, at an unmatched predictability.


China's basin ecological compensation mechanism is in the initial establishment stage, but it still has practical problems in some areas. In order to ensure that the mechanism operates normally and efficiently between upper and lower watersheds, further research is needed on related issues. Under the basin ecological compensation mechanism, this paper establishes a game model with the theory of evolutionary games for compensation enthusiasm interest conversion relationship between downstream governments and analyzes the evolutionary stability strategy. Without the constraints of higher-level governments, the evolutionary stability strategy of the downstream intergovernmental game is that one party actively compensates and the other passively compensates, resulting in a vicious circle of imbalances in the amount of downstream governments compensation for upstream, and it is difficult to jointly compensate for upstream environmental protection policies. After the supervision and punishment mechanism of the superior government are introduced, the evolutionary stability strategy of the downstream intergovernmental game becomes an active compensation for both parties. Therefore, the upstream government has sufficient funds to protect the governance environment , and the downstream can make full use of the advantages of resources and environment to promote economic development. Thus the operating efficiency of the basin ecological compensation mechanism is improved.


From the 10th to 13th century,Song and Liao,Song and Jin,existed side by side for a long time.Through constant political conflicts and competitions in every aspect,they chose to establish the geopolitical relationship of being peaceful to each other.Changyuan Covenant and Shaoxing Covenant prescribe the different diplomat between Song and Liao,Song and Jin.According to this,Two Songs and Liao and Jin have a lot of differences in credentials and diplomatic amenities and so on,which completely embodies the substantial relationship between Song,Liao and Jin.


Objective: To analyse the basis for breeding high yield and high-quality of Curcama kwangsinesis and to provide the data for establishing germplasm resources database of Curcama kwangsinesis, we analyse and compare the plant morphological and character of the high-quality germplasm Curcama kwangsinesis to seek the feature of the plant morphology and character. Methods: Measuring appearance morphology in seedling stage and mature period of21 kinds of high-quality germplasm, code, and recording characteristics of all kinds of germplasm, code in mature period. Results: We get abundant data from plant height,leaf number,leaf length and wideth,ligule length,leaf sheath length and wideth,and petiole length of all kinds of qualitative code-named plants in seedling stage and mature period;the leaf sheath and petiole are colorful; leaves are covered by dense lamellar seta which is more, leaf base which has two kinds of shape, they are skew and wedge, leaf apex is in various shapes, it has two kinds of shape, they are fine caudate taper pointed and short acuminate. Different kinds of qualitative material's appearence of form are big and have obvious interspecific differences. Comparing the various properties, it has various shapes. Conclusion: The plant morphology and character of zedoary have rich diversity, There is no direct relationship between the plant morphology, character of crude drug and its yield, and volatile oil content. But the plant morphology and character of crude drug of all kinds of germplasm material plant stand for exterior features of each plant.


A study on the physical and mechanical characteristics of rape has important significance to analyze the resistance lodging capability and solve the problem of rape mechanization harvest. The RGT computer-servo material testing system is used in this paper. The test is emphases on the study of compressing, cutting and bending characteristics of the Huaza No.10's elongating part in harvest time. In the test, the stalk compression destruction stress is measured at 11.9 (This equation is not available in html. Please view the pdf version.) ; the elasticity modulus in compression is 172(This equation is not available in html. Please view the pdf version.; the maximum of cutting destruction stress is 10.52(This equation is not available in html. Please view the pdf version.; the elasticity of flexure module is 61(This equation is not available in html. Please view the pdf version.. And load-displacement curves respectively in the condition of compressing, cutting and bending under certain operating mode are obtained. The test result indicates that: the rape stalk is heterogeneous, non-linear and anisotropic, and there is no yield in the destruction process; Meanwhile, the main mechanical characteristic embodies in the outer wall of stalk, so the rape stalk can be simplified as hollow pipe model in the research on the resistance loading capability of rape stalk and the mechanization harvest technology. The results can supply theory foundation and basic technology parameters to determine the cutting stress, the form of cutting tools and cutting mode in the mechanization harvest. And it also has important theory value and practical significance to develop new style of rape with lodging resistance and design mechanized harvester with low energy consumption and high efficiency.


Aim of study : To develop a statistical model framework to analyze longitudinal wind-damage records while accounting for autocorrelation, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the model in understanding the regeneration process of a natural forest. Area of study : University of Tokyo Chiba Forest (UTCBF), southern Boso peninsula, Japan. Material and methods : We used the proposed model framework with wind-damage records from UTCBF and wind metrics (speed, direction, season, and mean stand volume) from 1905–1985 to develop a model predicting wind-damage probability for the study area. Using the resultant model, we calculated past wind-damage probabilities for UTCBF. We then compared these past probabilities with the regeneration history of major species, estimated from ring records, in an old-growth fir–hemlock forest at UTCBF. Main results: Wind-damage probability was influenced by wind speed, direction, and mean stand volume. The temporal pattern in the expected number of wind-damage events was similar to that of evergreen broad-leaf regeneration in the old-growth fir–hemlock forest, indicating that these species regenerated after major wind disturbances. Research highlights : The model framework presented in this study can accommodate data with temporal interdependencies, and the resultant model can predict past and future patterns in wind disturbances. Thus, we have provided a basic model framework that allows for better understanding of past forest dynamics and appropriate future management planning. Keywords : dendrochronology; tree regeneration; wind-damage probability model; wind disturbance. Abbreviations used: intrinsic CAR model (intrinsic conditional autoregressive model); MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo); 16 compass points = N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, NNW (north, north-northeast, northeast, east-northeast, east, east-southeast, southeast, south-southeast, south, south-southwest, southwest, west-southwest, west, west-northwest, northwest, north-northwest, respectively); UTCBF (the University of Tokyo Chiba Forest).


The tubular transport segments may contain cables, such as communication cables (for example, fiber optic cables) within the insulation material around the tubular transport segments. the cables may be embedded within the insulation material, carried out by conduits embedded within the insulation material, placed in channels formed in the insulation material or otherwise. channels containing one or more cables may be filled with supplementary insulation material thereby protecting the cables within the channels. The created tubular transports, as disclosed herein, may allow data transfer between distant points without the need to lay fiber optic cables in addition to the tubular transport. In addition, the optical fiber cable incorporated in this way can be used to detect conditions in tubular transport, such as leakage, seismic activity, voltage and temperature information.


We present an experimental broadband wireless 4×4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space-timeblock-coded (STBC) OFDM system based on an extension of the IEEE 802.11a/g physical layer (PHY) to multiple-antenna scenarios. In the RF section, a new custom, area-efficient, reduced component count architecture is proposed for the integration of multiple dual-band RF transceivers in a single-slot VME board. At the baseband level, we present the modifications introduced in the standard PHY specification in order to extend it to scenarios using transmit diversity. New parameter estimation approaches for multi-antenna systems are proposed and implemented in a DSP-based platform.


Course Description This course focuses on key information and skills for user support professionals, including troubleshooting and problem solving, successful communication with clients, determining a client's specific needs, and training end users. For those considering entering the field, alternate career paths for user-support workers are covered. With balanced coverage of both people skills and technical skills, this course is an excellent resource for those in or preparing for the technical support field


The isolated ileal loop, or ileal conduit, has been widely adopted as the most generally useful of the new procedures. In the Canadian series it was used in just over half of the cases reported. Of 213 ileal conduits established, 106 were for benign and 107 for malignant lesions; 300/0 of the operations in the malignant group were performed for purely palliative reasons. There was a high incidence of complications, these being due mainly to the smallbowel surgery. In the benign group the mortality was 20/0, but it was very high in the malignant group, namely 230/0. This procedure is recommended in prediatric cases in which diversion of the urine is required, and after total pelvic exenteration for carcinoma. A collecting apparatus is, of course, required to be worn day and night.


This study was conducted with 5-38 Yenice Safflower variety in Van ecological conditions in 2001. As the nitrogen fertilizer the amonium sulfate was used and as the phosphorus fertilizer the triple super phosphate was used. The experiment was established with randomized complete block design. Nitrogen doses is N0=0, N1 = 8 and N2= 16 kg/da, phosphorus doses is P0= 0, P1 = 8 and P2 = 16 kg/da. Plant height, number of heads per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, crude oil ratio and oil yield were investigated in the experiment. According to results of this research, nitrogen doses was positive impacted on the plant height, number of heads per plant, seed and crude oil yield. The most plant height was obtained with N2P0 (68.93cm). The maximal seed yield was obtained with N2P1 treatment(363.06 kg/da). The effect of nitrogen doses to 1000 seed weight and oil ratio was found nonsignificant. The most favorable fertilizer doses was found as N2P1 in seed and crude oil yield.


In a previous communication on the series lines in the arc spectrum of mercury, attention was drawn by the writer to the excellence of the spectrograms obtained when a highly exhausted commercial Cooper Hewitt mercury arc-lamp was used as the source of the light. With this lamp, provided with a side tube carrying a window of thin crystalline quartz, it was found that exceedingly good definition was obtained over the whole range of the spectrum from slightly beyond λ = 7000 down to λ = 2150. When using the lamp at a later period in making some observations with an echelon grating of high resolving power on the structure of some of the finest lines in the visible portion of the spectrum, it was found that the components of a number of these lines also came out with exceedingly good definition.


This paper presents antenna modeling for UWB applications. Indeed, the antenna is the source of possible distortions on both matching and radiation patterns. So this paper proposes a model for the input impedance and a model to give a representation of the radiation pattern. The input impedance equivalent circuit is composed of parallel RLC resonator cells in series. All the parameters can be calculated and allow us to obtain a good interpolation of the complex impedance. The radiation pattern gain can be represented by the sum of a proposed function. The phase center has to be determined to complement this model. These two models can be used consecutively to observe the distortion of pulses transmitted through an antenna and so characterize the antenna concerning its qualities for UWB transmissions.


GENOME CANADAOTTAWA-- Last week Genome Canada, a nonprofit agency created 2 years ago to boost Canada's capacity in genomics and proteomics, funded 34 projects. Combined with an earlier round of awards, the $195 million committed last week will buy Canada a prominent place in a host of international research consortia, Canadian researchers say.


At the beamline D7 at the MAX III ring at the MAX IV laboratory we have a setup for infrared microspectroscopy which is usable from 30 to 10000 cm-1. In this project specular reflection infrared microspectroscopy was used for chemical imaging of cross-sectioned urinary stones. to determine their chemical composition and morphology simultaneously. Absorption spectral bands were recovered from reflection spectra by Kramers-Kronig transform. Use of far-infrared radiation provides high-contrast images and allows more precise constituent distribution determinations than mid-infrared because band asymmetry after the transform caused by diffuse reflection is less in the far-infrared.


The present invention provides a biocompatible crosslinked gel. The invention is by adding a quantity of crosslinking agent, crosslinking the at least one liquid biocompatible polymer a predetermined amount, to perform the crosslinking reaction, a further amount of 500,000 adding a liquid polymer molecular weight than daltons, dissolving the reaction mixture in such a way as to reduce the total concentration of the liquid polymer, it is crosslinked, and, stopping the crosslinking reaction by discharging the crosslinking agent the method for producing a biocompatible crosslinked gel made of. Gel and use of the present invention are also disclosed. .BACKGROUND


The campus network bas become an important mark to develop information system in all kinds of education organizations.The article gives a good example to build up campus network with 10 BASET technique.


Abstract From 2006 to 2009 we treated nine cases (11 toes) with pincer nail deformity of the first toe, using phenol. There were 8 women and 1 man, age range 9–81 years (mean 51). They were followed up for 7–17 months (mean 12) and all reported improvement of the pincer nail deformity and disappearance of pain from the first toes. Only one woman complained of a recurrent pincer nail deformity eight months after the first treatment, and the procedure was repeated. The mechanism of improvement is contraction of the phenolised wound away from the lateral nail fold, which gradually stretches and flattens the nail bed. We conclude that this technique is a simple and effective treatment for pincer nail deformity.


X-ray diffraction method has been used to analyze the residual stress distribution across the joint of Al-Si-12Cu alloy just after welding process. On the other hand, isothermal heat treatments have been applied in order to study the residual stress evolution in this material. Optical microscope observation and Vickers hardness measurement have been carried out as complementary microstructure techniques. The different zones of welded joint have been analyzed, where the fusion zone was characterized by dendritic structure and different to heat affected zone. We have found a softening phenomenon in welded joint after heat according to microhardness results.


Abstract:Though Disgrace is commonly thought to lack the allegorical aspects that appear in some of Coetzee's earlier fictions, the novel in fact employs an extended trope that represents the post-Apartheid South Africa that David Lurie encounters as a nation where figuration itself has been largely proscribed and only literal language is deemed legitimate. Lurie's involuntary re-education amidst a linguistic landscape devoid of metaphor is both a way of divesting him of his racial, gender, and species privilege, and a method of depicting allegorically the experience of being rendered superfluous by the forces of historical change.


This paper introduces a collection of papers and responses presented as a panel at the Johannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism, in June 2013. The theme of the workshop that year was "The Life of Forms." Our papers addressed the place of the concept of "form" in the emergence of terms such as precarity, fragmentation, impasse and others, applied to situations that comprise confusion, "too-muchness." We bring ethnographic attention to cosmologies and approaches to daily life amongst African and Africa-descended populations in southwest Nigeria, Brazil and Congo, where there are already "forms," such as personification and objectification, that have conventionally been translated into English in terms that convey confusion. Responses from the workshop extend the discussion by drawing on art and mathematics, and an African literary source. In this introduction, some existing past and recent literatures relative to "form" and "confusion" are discussed, and the papers and responses of the symposium are introduced.


ICC23 computes the intra-class correlation for random effects models 2 and 3, as described by Shrout and Fleiss, 1979. (-loneway- computes model 1). The module uses Stata's repeated measures ANOVA command to retrieve the appropriate estimates and degrees of freedom. Keywords: intra-class correlation, random effects model, mixed effects model


We develop a mathematical theory of time operators of a Hamiltonian with purely discrete spectrum. The main results include boundedness, unboundedness and spectral properties of them. In addition, possible connections of a time operator of H with regular perturbation theory are discussed.


In the government accounting and reporting context,the muti-objectives of management accounting reflect different user's needs for costs in formation of government departments,management costs accounting standards should define the role of management costs accounting in government financial management,and clarify how to prepare the costs information related to budgeting,financial reporting,management controlling and decision making instructively,facing the conceptual conflicts among different dimensions of government management costs accounting.The paper analyses the conceptual conflicts and standards harmony of American federal management costs accounting to provide references.


The cultural exchange between ancient China,Korean Peninsular and Japan reached climax in Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.Three relatively stable major cultural routes were formed,including the land route from north China to Korean Peninsular passing through Liaoxi and Liaodong,the sea route from Shandong Peninsular,and the sea route from Southern China via Yangtze River estuary.These three cultural routes greatly facilitated the cultural exchange between ancient China,Korean Peninsular and Japan.


35°C to 5°C @ 1°C/3 min. The extended semen was then split into 3 parts and equilibrated at 4°–5°C for 3 different periods i.e. 3, 4 and 5 hours. Sperm motility, live sperm percentage, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosomal changes were studied in the fresh semen, after equilibration and freezing. The ALT and AST activities were estimated after equilibration and freezing by enzymatic colorimetric method using commercial KIT for ALT or AST and was expressed in IU/L.


KD & Co. Service providing service of Kadazan Dusun race traditional stuffs such as music instrument, costume and the special in our business is the traditional Kadazan Dusun food because we are selling a frozen food for customers. By this business we are focusing on local and foreigner to learn about the Kadazan Dusun culture. Other than that, we are trying to gain profit to develop our business in the future in order to help the young generation to continue the Kadazan Dusun culture and to help maintaining the stability of economy to our country through tourism.


No less than those with physical illnesses, peoplesuffering mental distress need and deserve the skilledsupportandadvocacyoftheirdoctors.Someformsofmental illness – schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severedepression–rightlyhaveahighprofilebecauseoftheirpotential for catastrophe. For these conditions, theprinciplesofgoodcarearerelatively clearand, forthemost part, relatively well implemented.But, like the proverbial iceberg, the greater mass ofhuman mental pain is hidden below the diagnosticwaterline. Countless lives are chronically blighted byexperiences, ungraced by formal psychiatric labels, suchas sadness; worry; unfairness; hostility; loneliness;frustration; guilt; disappointment; low self esteem;problem drinking; and anti-social behaviour.Does such a catalogue of anguish fall within theremit of primary care? Yes of course it does. If caringfor individuals means anything at all, it means doingourbesttohelpthemthroughwhatevercircumstancesputtheirwell-beinginjeopardy.Asyouwillsee,thereis much more that we can do, at every level of inter-vention, than we perhaps give ourselves credit for.Thiswide-rangingstatementremindsushowmuchitmatters, and how much informed and focused actionwe can take if we apply ourselves.Roger NeighbourPresidentRoyal College of General PractitionersNovember 2005


A breast abscess is a common clinical entity most commonly caused by gram-positive cocci in the lactating breast. Here we present a bilateral breast abscess due to Salmonella Typhi in a young non-lactating female. The patient presented with on and off fever and a painful lump with discharge in the left breast, followed by similar complaints in the right breast after a few days. Incision and drainage were done, and the sample was sent for microbiological analysis. Salmonella Typhi was isolated. The patient had high titers of the Widal test though her blood culture was negative. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotics. This case highlights that a systemic Salmonella infection need not always present with the typical symptoms and can solely present in a focal manner (breast abscess) and highlights the importance of microbiological analysis for accurate diagnosis and proper management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):163-166.


Knowledge growing is one of intelligence characteristics possessed by human brain. In this paper we review some fundamental theories that are appropriate for emulating this kind of intelligence in order to develop an intelligent system in Artificial Intelligence (AI) field, called brain-inspired KnowledgeGrowing System (KGS). The development of this system is approached from various fields, namely psychological, mathematical, social, and electrical engineering and informatics fields. Based on the review results, we have built this system along with mechanism for growing the knowledge that consists of a model of Human Inference System (HIS), Sense-InferenceDecide and Act (SIDA) cycle, and the mathematical formulation for growing the knowledge called Observation Multi-time Arwin– Adang–Aciek–Sembiring (OMA3S) information-inferencing fusion method. In conclusion, brain-inspired KGS is a cognitive agent which is equipped with knowledge growing mechanism as its intelligent characteristic. Keywords-Artificial Intelligence;Brain-Inspired KGS;Cognitive Agent;Inferencing;Intelligent System; Knowledge-Growing; OMA3S


A method and apparatus for allocating bandwidth in a broadband wireless communication system is disclosed. One embodiment uses a self-correcting bandwidth request/grant protocol. The self-correcting bandwidth request/grant protocol utilizes a combination of incremental and aggregate bandwidth requests. CPEs primarily transmit incremental bandwidth requests to their associated base stations, followed by periodic transmissions of aggregate bandwidth requests. The use of periodic aggregate bandwidth requests (that express the current state of their respective connection queues) allows the bandwidth allocation method and apparatus to be "self-correcting". Another embodiment utilizes an abridged bandwidth request/grant protocol to allocate bandwidth. The abridged bandwidth request/grant protocol system utilizes padding packets to request a reduction in bandwidth allocation to a CPE. A base station modem alerts a base station CPU when the BS modem receives a padding packet from a CPE. After alerting the BS CPU the method can reduce the associated CPE's bandwidth allocation.