In this article, a normalized gradient adaptive regularization factor neural filter based control is presented for a three-phase grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage microgrid system. An incremental conductance (INC) technique is utilized for the peak power extraction of a solar PV array. A battery is connected through a bidirectional converter at dc-link of voltage-source converter (VSC), and it charges and discharges as per load variation and enhances the reliability of the system. This dc–dc converter also regulates the dc-link voltage for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This neural filter based current controller improves the dynamic behavior of the proposed system and feeds active power to the utility grid by utilizing the feed-forward term of solar PV power under variable atmospheric scenarios. A power electronics switch is used for VSC mode shifting operation between current control in the grid-connected mode and voltage control in an islanded mode to ensure continuous and adequate power to the nonlinear load. The discrete proportional and resonant (PR) controller is used for the voltage control in an islanded mode to reduce the steady-state error between sensed and reference load voltages. The voltage controller also regulates the frequency. Simulations of the microgrid system are carried out by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software to show the effectiveness of control technique. The performance of the system is found satisfactory for various operating conditions such as load variation, load unbalancing, and solar insolation change, and validated through test results on a developed laboratory prototype.


Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of native country for the stage of liver fibrosis in a population of HCV patients of Pakistani or Scandinavian origin living in Oslo. Patients and methods. We included 122 consecutive HCV patients at two hepatitis clinics in Oslo, 73 of Scandinavian and 49 of Pakistani origin. Inclusion criteria were being HCV RNA positive, treatment naïve and having an adequate liver biopsy. The biopsies were scored according to the Metavir index, which scores fibrosis on a scale from 0 to 4 and necroinflammatory activity on a scale from 0 to 3. Steatosis was scored according to the percentage of hepatocytes having lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Demographical, clinical, virological and biochemical data for the two groups were registered from the patient files. Results. The median age was 43 and 42 years and 53% and 51% were male among the Scandinavian and Pakistani patients, respectively. Among the patients of Pakistani origin 18/49 (37%) had bridging fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis (F4) compared to 11/73 (15%) Scandinavian patients (p = 0.006). The mean fibrosis score was 1.78 in the Pakistani and 0.82 in the Scandinavian group (p < 0.001). The mean necroinflammatory activity score was 1.22 and 0.78 in the Pakistanis and Scandinavians, respectively (p < 0.001). In the Pakistani group more patients had ≥5% steatosis (59% vs. 33%; p = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (24% vs. 0%; p < 0.001), overweight (46% vs. 34%; p = 0.232), genotype 3 (84% vs. 42%; p < 0.001) and ALT and AST levels above the reference range (84% vs. 64%; p = 0.020 and 88% vs. 68%; p = 0.014) compared to the Scandinavian. Multivariate regression analyses identified age ≥40 years (OR 10.13; 95% CI 2.65–39.12) and genotype 3 (OR 5.02; 95% CI 1.19–21.17) as independent predictors of bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis. Conclusions. In HCV patients of similar age, those of Pakistani origin had more advanced liver disease than those of Scandinavian origin. Possible explanations are longer duration of the infection and higher occurrence of diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis and genotype 3 in the Pakistani group.


Efficiency optimization control of salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on maximum ratio of torque to current is presented. From basic equations of PMSM in reference frame, the method of maximum ratio of torque to current was derived using maximum principle. Then, based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), modeling of LSSVM controller of maximum ratio of torque to current by using simulation data. The simulation result shows that LSSVM has a good generalization ability and capability of modeling nonlinear process, and the original sampling data are very similar to the data predicted by LSSVM model. And using method of LSSVM maximum ratio of torque to current, the simulation of PMSM shows that the PMSM control system has a good dynamic ability and achieves efficiency optimization control.


Dear Editor, We read with interest the paper by Ang et al. on usefulness of rapid drink challenge (RDC).1 Our recently published data2 agree with the Authors' conclusions that the main adjunctive role of RDC is in assessment of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) function. Ang et al. touch also on the important topic of reproducibility of RDC assessment, which they showed to be substantial for EGJ function and poor for after contraction. Similarly, in this Journal, Price et al.3 have evaluated reproducibility of multiple rapid swallowing (MRS) variables suggesting fair reproducibility of after contraction. However, both papers made a categorical assessment of the after contraction (presence/absence) without evaluation of reproducibility of the peristaltic reserve,4,5 assessed as the ratio between RDC or MRS contraction and single swallow (SS) contraction (RDC/SS DCI ratio and MRS/SS DCI ratio). To have a better insight on reproducibility of RDC and MRS variables, we have prospectively studied 100 patients referred for high resolution manometry (with the exclusion of achalasia, scleroderma, or postfundoplication). They underwent ten 5 mL SS, two sequences of both RDC (200 mL) and MRS (10 mL) and we measured concordance of variables using both Lin concordance correlation coefficient6 and kappa statistics, the latter assessing whether variables were outside or inside a previously determined normal range.2 Our results showed good reproducibility of RDC and MRS variables during swallowing, i.e., Lin=0.81 (RDC) and 0.91 (MRS), k=0.63 and 0.77 for 4 seconds IRP, Lin=0.76 and 0.81, k=0.56 and 0.78 for esophagogastric pressure gradient. On the contrary reproducibility of the peristaltic reserve was poor, i.e. Lin=0.01 and 0.56, k=0.21 and 0.15 for RDC/SS ratio and MRS/SS ratio, respectively, and so was concordance of presence/absence of the after contraction, k=0.31 (RDC) and 0.28 (MRS). Similar values were obtained when considering the two main groups of patients separately, i.e., normal motility (n=45) and ineffective motility/ fragmented peristalsis (n=48). Based on available data, EGJ function can be reliably assessed with one sequence of RDC or MRS, whereas peristaltic reserve cannot. The minimal number of sequences still needs to be determined. A. Mauro1 D. Consonni2 R. Penagini1 1Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy 2Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy


PRIMARY DRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCLE BACILLI Patients who excrete drug-resistant tubercle bacilli in their sputum may have acquired them in one of two ways: they may have been originally infected with drug-sensitive organisms which, having been successfully eliminated by chemotherapy, have been replaced by drug-resistant mutants, or they may have been infected from the start with drug-resistant organisms. How common are such infections ? Do they occur " naturally " in the absence of contact with previously treated patients, or do they arise only when there has been contact of this kind ? What is the importance of infection with drug-resistant tubercle bacilli, both epidemiologically and in its effect on the clinical progress of individual patients ? Some of these questions are answered in a recent survey' 2 of the incidence of drug-resistant tubercle bacilli in untreated patients carried out by a group of Medical Research Council workers. The first of these reports records the prevalence of primary drug resistance in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomly selected sample of chest clinics in Great Britain provided the patients for this survey, which took place between June 15, 1955, and March 8, 1956. The specimens of sputum were sent by post to a central laboratory: it was hoped that this would ensure uniformity in the techniques used and in the interpretation of results. The positive cultures numbered 974, and 50 of these (5.1% of the total) were resistant to one or more of the three commonly used drugs-para-aminosalicylic acid (P.A.S.), streptomycin, and isoniazid. Six of the resistant cultures were atypical mycobacteria, and 44 (4.5%) were typical drug-resistant tubercle bacilli. The results showed that during the period of the survey " 2.3% of newly diagnosed and previously untreated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were infected with streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli and 2.2% with


A method for the "carrier-added" synthesis of [13N]cisplatin is described. Yields were ∼1–4 mCi from 20–40 mCi of [13N]ammonia with a total synthesis time of 19–28 minutes. The product was ∼96% radiochemically pure as judged by HPLC analysis and had a specific activity of ∼100 mCi/mmole in 1.0 ml of saline. [13N]Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally to mice. Of the tissues investigated, concentration of label was highest in kidneys. At 10 min, considerable label in the blood, liver, and kidney was in a form other than cisplatin. However, no evidence was obtained that [13N]ammonia was released from [13N]cisplatin in vivo. [13N]Cisplatin may be used to assess drug delivery to primary and metastatic brain tumors in patients receiving intravenous or intraarterial cisplatin chemotherapy.


To the Editor Diamantouros and colleagues 1 addressed the need to improve written drug information for patients. They specifically assessed the content and reading level of drug information that patients commonly receive with their warfarin prescriptions. We applaud the authors' efforts to further understand the complex nature of communicating balanced information to patients who receive high-risk medications with a narrow therapeutic index. Budnitz et al 2


Background: Hand hygiene is seen as one of the principal means of preventing hospital-acquired infections for both health care workers and patients. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are worldwide primarily due to poor hand hygiene practices. Hand antisepsis reduces the prevalence of health-care-associated infections. The hands of hospital settings workers are the most common vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms from patient-to-patient and within the healthcare environment. Healthcare-associated infections are drawing increasing attention from patients, insurers, governments, and regulatory bodies. This is not only because of the magnitude of the problem in terms of the associated morbidity, mortality and low rate of treatment but also due to the growing recognition that most of these are preventable. Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to analyze the hand hygiene among HCWs both right and left hand. Methods: The study was carried out in the Medical and Surgical ICUs of a tertiary care NIMS multispecialty and super specialty hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Considering the resources available, we decided to randomly select 129 samples from each hand of 43 healthcare workers (both male and female). All the samples were collected during early hours (i.e., before entering ICUs). Processing was carried out by taking the swab samples with peptone water from each HCW and incubated for 18-24 hours at 37℃ and sub cultured on blood and MacConkey agar and again incubated the culture plates for 18-24 hours at 37℃, Gram staining and biochemical identifications were done. Result: The percentage of various isolates in right hand were GPB (67.44%), E. coli (1.55%), Pseudomonas spp. (0.78%), Klebsiella spp. (0.78%) and No growth (29.45%) and in left hand GPB (65.12%), E. coli (3.10%), Pseudomonas spp. (1.55%), Klebsiella spp. (1.55%) and No growth (28.68%). Conclusion: In conclusion, hand hygiene among healthcare workers and patients is a key issue with in a healthcare setting to prevent healthcareassociated infections.


The nephrogenic diabetes insipidus activity of isolated glycyrrhizinic acid was evaluated in lithium chloride induced animal models NDI was induced by lithium chloride (60mmol/kg of food),Glycyrrhizinic acid at different doses ( 100mg/kg B.w 200mg/kg B.w) were administered orally to experimental animals. Biochemical serum urea, serum creatinine, serum sodium urine sodium, creatinine and urea were estimated, the histopathological examination of kidney section,. The results of study reveal that there are increased levels of these serum and urea biomarkers, when compared with the normal rats and marked protective changes in histopathological sections of the kidneys were observed in rats and mice treated with different doses of Glycyrrhizinic acid with NDI inducing agents. The NDI was induced in rats with the administration of Lithium chloride (60mmol/kg of food.) for 30 days. From the results of this study it is concluded that the different doses of Glycyrrhizinic acid possesses protection effects. .


If education is one of the corner stones of democratic societies, why then should we insist in a control process to homogenize the diversity of human beings that conform them? What is being accredited and for what reason? As we thoroughly investigate these questions, we will analyze historical concepts such as discipline and control until we reach the modern date purposes and efforts to unify competences and standards that will consolidate the globalization project. In these scenarios, the primary characters such as professors, students, investigators and directives play a decisive role tipping the scale towards a transformation project.


The invention relates to a content-aware geographic video multilayer correlation method. The method comprises the following steps: a) unifying the structural features of a multi-source geographic video; b) analyzing the common features of temporal and spatial variation during which a track object is used as a carrier, and establishing an associated element view which combines the content semantics and the geographic semantics under a uniform basis reference; c) extracting a geographic video data set which comprises temporal and spatial variation features, and establishing regular function mapping from data to associated elements; and d) distinguishing the relevancy of geographic video data examples on the basis of a rule and calculating the association distance, gathering the geographic data layer by layer according to the hierarchical property of the association, and ranking data objects in the set according to the association distance. According to the method, the global association, in which the comprehensive geographic video contents are similar, geographically related under the uniform basis reference can be supported, so that the cognitive calculation ability and information expression efficiency of multi-scale complicated behavior events in discontinuous or cross-region monitoring scenes behind multiple geographic videos in monitoring network systems can be enhanced.


Toxoplasmosis is an important emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease that results from the infection with Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most common parasites in the world. The disease usually happens through consuming undercooked contaminated meat, exposure from diseased cat feces, or mother-to-child transmission all through pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis is commonly transmitted via the mouth when Toxoplasma gondii oocysts or tissue cysts are eaten by chance. Congenital transmission from mother to fetus can also arise. Transmission can arise from the stable organ transplant manner or hematogenous stem cellular transplants. The majority of individuals infected with toxoplasmosis, has no signs and symptoms and is not aware of being infected. However, some people show symptoms and signs similar to those of the flu, inclusive of body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, fatigue, confusion, poor coordination, and seizures. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in human beings is made through organic, serological, histological, or molecular techniques, or with the aid of combining these techniques. The treatment is commonly encouraged for humans with serious health issues, inclusive of human beings with HIV.The infection may be prevented by eating of cooked meat, drinking wholesome potable water, pasteurization of milk, cleaning of vegetables, wearing gloves when gardening, periodic examination of pregnant women, and health education to the public about the reservoir of infection, mode of transmission and hazards of consuming raw meat.


Nowadays, more data are represented and stored by a graph structure, and subgraph matching is a fundamental problem in a variety of scientific machine learning and industrial applications, such as remote sensing image registration, industrial inspection, etc. Due to the nondeterministic polynominal hard (NP-hard) problem of subgraph matching, the explosive growth of graph data, the disadvantages of high energy consumption, and the high overhead of CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms, computing subgraph matching is becoming more and more challenging. To alleviate this problem, we propose a phased hybrid algorithm to accelerate the enumeration task of subgraph matching, called <monospace>PH-CF</monospace>, based on the CPU-field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) heterogeneous platform. This approach can make full use of the pipeline and data flow mechanism, low power consumption, and configurable characteristics of FPGA. First, the matching order of query vertices automatically selects GraphQL (GQL) or RI methods according to the sparsity of the data (query) graph. Second, a candidate vertex auxiliary data structure set partitioning method is designed to effectively realize the load balance of multiple computing units at the FPGA and CPU host sides. Third, FPGA's pipeline and data flow mechanism is used to accelerate the enumeration phase of subgraph matching. Experimental results on real-world and synthetic datasets show that the performance of the <monospace>PH-CF</monospace> outperforms the state-of-the-arts. <monospace>PH-CF</monospace> can obtain the average performance improvement of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16.07\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$38.61\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.46\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> over CFL, CECI, and DP-iso, respectively. Moreover, our approach has good stability and robustness on various datasets.


ABSTRACT Background: The carcinoembryonic antigen level in peritoneal lavage has been showing to be a reliable prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Aim: To identify any association between carcinoembryonic antigen level in peritoneal lavage, in gastric cancer patients, with mortality, peritoneal recurrence, tumor relapse or other prognostic factors. Methods: In total, 30 patients (22 men, 8 women; median age 66 years) with resectable gastric cancer (mainly stage III and IV) were studied. Carcinoembryonic antigen level in peritoneal lavage was detected at operation by immunocytochemical method and a level over 210 ng/g of protein was considered as positive. Results: There were detected 10 positive cases (33.3%) of plCEA levels. These levels were associated with mortality, RR: 2.1 (p=0.018); peritoneal recurrence, OR: 9.0 (p=0.015); and relapse or gastric cancer progression, OR: 27.0 (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increased levels of plCEA fairly predicts mortality, peritoneal recurrence tumor relapse or cancer progression.


was her necessary and intimate companion, and evidently accompanied the youthful queen when she came as a bride to Ithaca. It is beyond belief that in a palace with fifty or more women attendants the queen should have had no servant peculiarly her own, and that she was forced to rely on an old woman who had belonged to the palace of Laertes years before she herself was born. We are certain that a father who sent along with his daughter a manservant, Dolius, sent also the more necessary companion, a companion of her own sex.


To analyze behavior and performance of bio-inspired capacity control for production networks with autonomous work systems, a System Dynamics simulation model of a production network including real world data was developed. Two bio-inspired autonomous control strategies, namely an ant-like pheromone-based strategy and a strategy based on bee's foraging behavior, were implemented and simulations were run to find answers to the questions: How to design the (local) bio-analogous controller to achieve the desired global behavior? How do different bio-inspired control strategies perform in a capacity control scenario?


I discuss the properties of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, in the case in which there is a dynamical breakdown of the electroweak symmetry induced by the formation of condensates of the third generation of quarks and their supersymmetric partners. The top quark and Higgs mass predictions derived within this scheme are essentially equivalent to those ones obtained from the requirement of bottom-tau Yukawa coupling unification in a supersymmetric grand unified scenario, if the compositeness scale is identified with the grand unification scale. I give an explanation of this interesting result, for which the relevance of the infrared quasi fixed point on the top quark Yukawa coupling is emphasized.


Background: Present study was undertaken to compare the
advantages of Clipless Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (CLLC) over conventional
laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC). Material and methods: This prospective
randomized study was conducted in the Department of Surgery IGMC, Shimla
over a period of 1 year starting from 1st july 2019 to 30th june 2020. In this study
100 consecutive patients of symptomatic cholelithiasis confirmed by USG
reporting were participated and randomized into 2 groups of 50 each. Group 1
patients underwent CLC and Group 2 patients underwent CLLC. Outcomes were
measured in terms of operative time, intra operative stone spillage, intra operative
blood loss, amount of CO2 used , post operative pain , conversion into open
cholecystectomy and post operative complications. Results: In the present study
among 100 patients, 19 were males and 81 were females. Among them, 5 males
and 45 females underwent CLC using electrocautery while 14 males and 36
females underwent CLLC. Mean age of males were 47.60 ± 3.36 years and
females were 45.20 ± 15.82 years in CLC group and mean age of males were
53.07 ± 18.96 and females were 44.44 ± 15.41 in CLLC group. Present study
showed that there was significant less Operative Time, Less Mean CO2 used, less
Approx. Blood Loss, less Average pain score at 6 and 24 hours, less Average
Length of hospital stay, less Intra Op. Stone spillage and less Use of Drain in
CLLC as compared to CLC but there was no significant difference in Conversion
to Open Cholecystectomy and Post op. Complications in both groups.
Conclusion: Study concluded that CLLC had significant advantage over CLC in
terms of operative time ,intra operative stone spillage , intra operative blood loss ,
amount of CO2 used , post operative pain and Use of Drain


This study realized the importance of the auditors to detect fraud that may result in a material misstatement of the financial statements. the aim, is to identify the most important fraud risk indicators or "red flag" as individually perceived by internal auditors, explores whether auditors' demographic factors might impact on their perception of the relative importance of red flags in Malaysia and whether there is any significant difference between the internal auditors and external auditors' perception towards the relative importance of red flags?


Cokeromyces recurvatus, a zygomycete, was isolated by fungal culture from the peritoneal fluid of a cat with jejunal perforation secondary to intestinal lymphosarcoma. This organism has not been recovered previously from a veterinary patient. The tissue form of C. recurvatus is morphologically similar to those of Coccidioides immitis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and may be misdiagnosed as 1 of these organisms on the basis of cytologic or histopathologic specimens, particularly in geographic regions where these organisms are not endemic.


We derive a method for inverting emission-line profiles formed in supernova ejecta. The derivation assumes spherical symmetry and homologous expansion [i.e., v(r) ∝ r], is analytic, and even takes account of occultation by a pseudophotosphere. Previous inversion methods have been developed that are restricted to optically thin lines, but the particular case of homologous expansion permits an analytic result for lines of arbitrary optical depth. In fact, we show that the quantity that is generically retrieved is the run of line intensity Iλ with radius in the ejecta. This result is quite general and so could be applied to resonance lines, recombination lines, etc. As a specific example, we show how to derive the run of (Sobolev) optical depth τλ with radius in the case of a pure resonance scattering emission line.


1. INTRODUCTION This paper provides an overview of the current database research activities within the Intelligent Information Systems Group in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Arizona State University. The focus of our research is on the integration of data and knowledge management issues, with specific emphasis on multimedia systems, object-oriented databases, active databases, deductive databases, and heterogeneous, distributed database environments.


Ammonium-based fire retardants are important in managing wildfires, but their use can adversely affect water quality. Their entry, fate, and impact were studied in five forest streams. Initial retardant concentrations in water approached levels which could damage fish, but no distressed fish were found. Concentrations decreased sharply with time after application and distance downstream, and there was no long-term entry. The numbers and kinds of stream insects were not affected. Simulations of retardant dispersal in streams showed fish mortality might occur from zero to more than 10,000 m below the point of chemical entry, depending on application parameters and stream characteristics. Guidelines to minimize adverse impacts from the use of fire retardants are suggested. Chemical fire retardants play an important role in protecting forest resources from destructive fires. Their use has increased steadily since their introduction in the 1930's. Lowden (1962) reported that aerially applied fire retardant use in the U.S. increased from 87,000 liters in 1956 to more than 28 million liters in 1961. During 1970, 64 million liters of fire retardant were applied aerially to forest and rangeland fires (George 1971). USDA Forest Service aerially applied 55 million liters of fire retardant in 1977. More than 71 percent of this use was in California, Oregon, and Washington (Norris and others 1978). Fire retardants have changed since their first introduction. Borate salts, the first retardants, were effective and long-lasting, but were also phytotoxic and soil-sterilants, and are no longer used (Fenton 1959). Bentonite clay in water is not as long-lasting or as effective as alternative materials (Phillips and Miller 1959). Ammonium phosphate, an effective fire retardant marketed in several formulations, is relatively long lasting, nontoxic and easy to apply (Douglas 1974). The ammonium-based fire Presented at the Symposium on Fire and Watershed Management, October 26-28, 1988, Sacramento, California. This is paper 2476 of the Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Professor and (Courtesy) Associate Professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg. retardants as a group account for nearly all chemical retardants used in controlling forest and range fires today. The possible adverse effects of chemical fire retardants on the environment have received relatively little attention, probably because of the importance of these chemicals in fire control and their seemingly innocuous nature. However, even materials of inherent low toxicity can cause adverse environmental effects when organisms are exposed to toxic amounts. Research and development efforts have concentrated primarily on developing effective fire retardants, delivery systems, and strategies for use. As the intensity of fire retardant use increased, incidents of misapplication or adverse environmental effects have begun to appear. There have been several reports of fish kills when retardants were applied directly into streams, but documentation is marginal. Fire retardants are alleged to have killed a number of trout in one stream in California, but the stream soon returned to normal. In 1969, a large number of juvenile salmonids and more than 700 adult salmon were killed in an Alaskan stream. While retardants were used near the river, the specific cause of death of the fish was not determined. Adult salmon entering the river 4 days later exhibited no toxic reaction (Hakala and others 1971). As a result of these incidents, and concerns among resource managers that fire retardants may adversely affect the environment, an ad hoc interagency study committee was formed in 1970 (Borovicka 1974). The objective of the committee was to foster and coordinate research needed to evaluate the environmental safety of chemical fire retardants (primarily their effect on water quality and aquatic organisms). Toxicology research conducted by Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National Marine Fisheries Service established dose-response relationships for use in evaluating the effects on fish of specific levels of fire retardants in streams (Blahm and others 1972; Blahm and Snyder 1973; Borovicka and Blahm 1974; Johnson and Sanders 1977). Forest Service scientists at the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (Missoula, Mont.) conducted an initial simulation study of retardant distribution in streams (Van Meter and Hardy 1975). The Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station studied the behavior of retardant materials in streams, determined their effect on selected aquatic species in their natural habitat and (through simulation) estimated the effects of retardant application on fish mortality in streams of different characters. This paper draws heavily on the USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-109. 1989 79 PNW research effort (Norris and others 1978), and suggests planning for resource managers concerned about minimizing fire retardant impacts on streams. METHODS FOR FIELD STUDY We applied an ammonia-based fire retardant to five streams in Oregon, Idaho, and California (Norris and others 1978). The application crossed a segment of four of the streams and was parallel (to within 3 m) on the fifth (table 1, fig. 1). The pattern of ground level application we used in the field studies (fig. 1B) is a simplified version of the pattern of retardant deposition resulting from operational aerial application (fig. 1A). Stream water samples collected periodically for up to 13 months after application at locations up to 2700 m downstream were analyzed for various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Samples of benthos and insect drift were also collected and evaluated for shifts in species diversity and abundance. RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES Effects of Retardant on Stream Water Chemistry The principal chemical species in the stream the first 24 hours after application were ammonia nitrogen (NH3 + NH + 4) and total phosphorus. Un-ionized ammonia (NH3) is of primary importance because of its potential toxic effects on aquatic species. The amount of NH3 relative to NH + 4 is dependent primarily on pH (Trussel 1972). As the pH increases, the proportion of ammonia nitrogen present as NH3 increases. The phosphorus may be important in downstream eutrophication. After 24 hours, nitrate (No 3) and soluble organic nitrogen are the primary retardant components in the stream. These are transformation products of the diammonium phosphate in the retardant mixture. Both nitrate and soluble organic nitrogen are low in toxicity and are natural components of aquatic ecosystems. Because NH3 is most important, the results in table 2 and figure 2 emphasize ammonia nitrogen (NH3 and NH + 4) or un-ionized ammonia (NH3). Table 1--General characteristics of the study locations and streams Soil and Stream characteristics Stream and Location Climate parent material Vegetation Width Depth Discharge Tohetie High rainfall-Inceptisol Oregon: cool, moist Andic Haplumbrept representing summers, winter Siltstone and Coast Ranges snow rare claystone Lewis Same Same Same Quartz Moderately high Inceptisol Oregon: rainfall--warm, Dystric Cryochrept representing dry summers, occas. Red breccia and Cascade Range winter snows basalt Bannock Warm, dry summers, Mollisol Idaho: winter snowpack Typic Cryoboroll representing Quartz monzonite Intermountain (acid igneous) Region San Dimas Hot, dry summers Alfisol Southern Calif.: warm, moderately Mollic Haploxeralf representing dry winters Metamorphic and areas of heavy acid igneous chaparral Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce Western Hemlock, Alder Salmonberry


The global wildlife trade dates to antiquity. Recently, its harms to endangered species, animal welfare, and public health have become critical to address. The complexities of the wildlife trade are numerous, including the fact that much of the economic activity is illegal and unobserved. We find that wildlife products are used for sustenance, signaling status, medicine, and entertainment. There is vast heterogeneity in products and species traded. Supply chains extend from biodiverse, low-income regions to richer countries or urban centers. Empirically, we use data findings from the literature to rank countries in terms of intensity of the wildlife trade and identify factors that contribute to wildlife trade. We also identify supply-side and demand-side interventions that can control abuse in wildlife trade. Innovative techniques for observation, econometric analysis, and enforcement are sorely needed to support effective policies to preserve the world's wildlife. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 14 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


The notions of linear and metric independence are investigated in relation to the property: if U is a set of m + 1 independent vectors, and X is a set of m independent vectors, then adjoining some vector in U to X results in a set of m + 1 independent vectors. A weak countable choice axiom is introduced, in the presence of which linear and metric independence are equivalent. Proofs are carried out in the context of intuitionistic logic.


Machine Translation (MT) models are well-known to suffer from gender bias, especially for gender beyond a binary conception. Due to the multiplicity of language-specific strategies for gender representation beyond the binary, debiasing MT is extremely challenging. As an alternative, we propose a case study on gender-fair post-editing. In this study, six professional translators each post-edited three English to German machine translations. For each translation, participants were instructed to use a different gender-fair language strategy, that is, gender-neutral rewording, gender-inclusive characters, and a neosystem. The focus of this study is not on translation quality but rather on the ease of integrating gender-fair language into the post-editing process. Findings from non-participant observation and interviews show clear differences in temporal and cognitive effort between participants and strategy as well as in the success of using gender-fair language.


The Problems and Crises of the West Indian Writer AbroadIntroduction:UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ON THE AIR: TODAY WE PRESENT THE SECOND in a series of talks by Andrew Salkey, Jamaican novelist, who recently visited the West Indies on a Guggenheim fellowship. Mr Salkey's subject is "The problems of the West Indian writer at home and abroad".Andrew Salkey:Last week I tried to give you an idea of the position of the writer at home - his noble intentions, his isolation, his nagging frustrations, his perseverance. This evening I intend to describe and discuss the problems and crises of the West Indian writer abroad.Since my return to the island, I've been asked time and time again, "If you people are supposed to be West Indian writers, why do you all choose to live abroad? Do you really have to go to London to write about the West Indies?" A young man with a spanking new BA, showing himself curiously vulgarly like a peacock's feather in the band of a jippi-jappa straw hat, said to me, "I can't, I won't believe in the myth of West Indian writing, it just doesn't exist. How can it come from London or anywhere outside the West Indies? Anyway, why do you people have to go away to become writers?" My reply to that was, "Do we?"Of course, we don't. There have been only two post-war West Indian writers who deliberately set out, one from British Guinea and the other from Jamaica, to establish themselves as writers abroad - Edgar Mittelholzer and Roger Mais. The others, I suggest, left primarily for higher salaries, higher education, bold venture and so on. Three left during the war, two were in the Royal Air Force and one served in the ATS [Auxiliary Territorial Service]. A number came down from the university and discovered to their own amazement that all they were fitted and inclined to do was write, and a number too came hopefully from the classroom, the factory and light industry. Some were propelled into writing through the doubtful patronage of a Caribbean service of the BBC, and some merely dropped in and stayed on to be published. I should think, though, in all fairness, that most of the post-war West Indian novelists have for years carried around with them an unmistakable yen to write at least one autobiographical novel or bust. Settling down in London sharpened the yen, the appearance of an initial handful of published West Indian novelists goaded it, and the city's abundance of publishing houses encouraged them to submit the manuscripts of their first novel. Alas, what I'm afraid was once hallowed ground has at last become a burlesque of 'follow the fashion'. How many will survive, I don't know. One maybe, maybe none. Now that I have said so, we'll all try to pretend to forget it.But to get back to the problems and crises of the writer abroad, I've admitted that he very rarely goes away to become a writer. I've also said he usually has something else doing or has planned to do other things before setting himself the task of writing novels. Yet it is also true to say that when he does, certain qualities come to the fore. Qualities which are forced out of him because of his decided will to write. What are they? First, he usually shows a greater sense of responsibility towards his coming career as a published writer. His first novel gives him the kind of confidence that makes him aware of his inadequacies. Second, he learns to write, not by the help of what is best expressed as 'so-so' inspiration, but rather by cold, calculated planning, the highest imaginative thinking and dispassionate editing - sometimes a good thing for certain writers, but not always. Only a few have the guts to go through with it, novel after novel. Third, he begins to realise his freedom and independence as a self-employed person and to apply his own personal code of discipline on himself and on his work. Fourth, he becomes intensely self-critical, and in many instances, humility replaces self-interest and bravado. …


In this paper,using Photosensitive devices and sensor to detect battery appearance and mold level is discussed,potentiometric analysis system with computer to complete composition analysis and deal with the unqualified electrolyte is introduced.


With the development of Web 2.0 technologies, Web-based Social Network (WBSN) becomes a fast developing field in recent years. As there are a large number of participants on the open platforms of WBSNs, trust relation is a critical issue. In this paper, we study the features of WBSN Websites and some trust relevant models for WBSNs. We further propose a new category of "three generations of WBSNs", and analyze both theoretical studies and practical applications on trust relation establishment mechanisms in each of the first two existing generations of WBSNs. Through the analysis, we summarize the drawbacks of existing trust mechanisms and propose some trust related research issues that are expected to be solved in the future in the third generation of WBSNs.


The paper contains theoretical substantiation for machines and equipment troubleshooting, machine bodies in rotational motion. It analyses the dynamic rotary machines, fitted with elastic rotor in rigid bearings without damping, as well as the rotor symmetrically rotational movement with the elastic bearings without depreciation. The main dynamic rotating equipment defects are removed by static and dynamic balancing, which apply directly to predictive maintenance. Key words: predictive maintenance, troubleshooting, dynamic rotary machines.


We have developed a 3-dimasional (3D) position sensitive radiation detector named "X'tal cube". The X'tal cube is composed of a scintillation crystal block and multipixel photon counters (MPPCs). No reflector is inserted in the crystal block. It is segmented 3 dimensionally into small cubes (3D segmentation) by only optical discontinuity and scintillation light from a segment is detected by all MPPCs which are coupled on all six surfaces of the crystal block. We have already succeeded to make the 3D segmentation inside of a monolithic scintillator block by laser processing technique instead of arranging small cubic scintillator elements into a 3D array as a general way. We obtained the result that utilizing the laser processing technique not only eliminates the difficulty of fabrication with the small scintillator elements but also improves detector performance. As a new trial, we fabricated the crystal block by stacking the scintillator plates which are segmented 2 dimensionally by the laser processing technique (2D segmentation). Plates are also easy to handle compared to the small scintillator elements and for the laser processing, 2D segmentation is much simpler than the 3D segmentation. In this study, we evaluated performance of the X'tal cube with the scintillator plates (Plate-XC) to confirm its feasibility. Performance was measured by irradiating 662 keY gamma-rays. Used scintillator were LYSO plates of 2.0 mm in thick. They had 2D segmentation by laser to make 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm segments. Between the plates was chosen as air gap. We coupled a 4 × 4 array of the MPPC to six surfaces of the crystal block. Results showed sufficient performance in crystal identification performance and energy resolution. As a further investigation to understand character of the Plate-XC, scintillation light distribution in the crystal block was also measured. Results indicate that light spread from outer segments is influenced by the segment boundary conditions, air gap or laser processed gap, while the spread from the center segment does not seem to get the influence. In energy performance, around 10% energy resolution was obtained for the outer segments as well as for the center segment.


Materials known in the literature as hard soils and soft rocks are widely spread, natural materials that are commonly encountered in engineering practise. It was demonstrated that some of these materials can be described through the general theoretical framework for structured soils set by Cotecchia and Chandler [14], which takes into account the structure as an intrinsic property present in all natural geological materials. Based on laboratory results and existing theoretical frameworks, the development of a constitutive model for structured materials was carried out. The model formulated in strain space named BRICK [27, 29] was chosen as the base model and was further developed by adding features to model both the structure and the processes of destructuring. The new model was named S_BRICK and was first presented on a conceptual level, in which the typical results of modelling structured and structureless (reconstituted) materials on different stress paths were compared within the solutions of the Cotecchia and Chandler [14] theoretical framework. The S_BRICK model was validated on three materials, i.e., Pappadai clay, North-Sea clay and Corinth marl, thus covering a wide range of natural, structured materials. The results showed that S_BRICK was able to successfully model the stress-strain behaviour typical for hard-soil and soft-rock materials, in general.


Introduction – Pharmaceutical care, a concept of professional practice that can contribute to achieve positive results and minimize the negative results related to the use of drugs in society, since 2004 is included in the National Agenda of Priorities in Health Research and has been widely discussed in Brazil by researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Objective To describe the characteristics of the Brazilian scientific production on pharmaceutical care, describing its authors, the research conducted, published articles and studied populations. Method Descriptive study of bibliographical basis through selection and analysis of published articles by Brazilians authors in journals indexed in Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases. Results Regarding authors, 72.7% were from the Southeast region, 62.3% were affiliate with state universities, 11.1% with private universities, 12.2% with health delivery systems and 7.1% with foreign institutions. As for research type, 86.8% were descriptive, 10.5% analytical, testing 'cause and effect', and 2.6% testing association. The main researched fields were community pharmacy, hospital services and primary health care units. Articles were classified as original in 52.6% of cases, updates in 28.9% and revisions in 10.5%. The title and abstract did not represent the work in 21.1% and 10.5% of the articles, respectively. The increase in the number of publications in indexed journals started in 2006 and showed elevation in the following year. As for the methodology, 42.1% of the authors conducted a bibliographical study, 28.9% a qualitative inquiry, 23.7% intervention study and 5.3% observational. In 55.3% of the articles, the conclusions corresponded to the initially set objectives outlined in the articles. In 50,0% of the articles, subjects were identified as: patient, non-patient, pharmacist, non-pharmacist pharmaceutical professional, health professional and pharmacy student. The most researched subjects were elderly and patients with chronic diseases. Conclusion Despite the limited number of publications, there is a noticeable increase in the scientific production with regards to pharmaceutical care practice with potential growth in the country. With practice consolidation, it is expected the increase in number, scope and quality of the research conducted so as to yield knowledge with scientific rigor that contributes for the recognition of the pharmacist's actions in the patient-care team. DESCRIPTORS: Brazil, patient care, pharmaceutical services, pharmacies, pharmacists, public health. KEY-WORDS: Care; pharmaceutical.


Palladium multilayers deposited on Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) single-crystal electrodes have been characterized by using adsorbed nitric oxide as a probe molecule. Nitric oxide adlayers can be easily formed on the palladium-covered electrodes from nitrous acid or NO-saturated solutions and are stable under electrochemical conditions in a wide range of electrode potentials. The in-situ FTIR spectra obtained for the saturated adlayers have been compared with those previously reported in the N−O stretching region for NO adsorbed on bulk palladium single-crystal surfaces both under UHV and electrochemical conditions. A good agreement has been found in all cases regarding the frequency of the bands observed. Changes in the spectra upon partial reduction of the NO adlayer also fits with coverage-dependent changes previously reported. On the basis of all these structure-sensitive characteristics of the vibrational spectra of adsorbed NO, we can conclude that palladium layers are grown epitaxially on the plati...


Resources for preparing an argument on an issue dealt with by the Founding Fathers to demonstrate how the topic has evolved over time and the controversies surrounding it. Books available in the LHS Learning Commons


Approximately 826 million people in the world are undernourished or chronically food insecure facing a shortfall in the energy requirement by between 100-400 kilocalories while 790 million people in developing countries subsist on diets that are deficient in energy. In Kenya 50% of the rural population is food insecure. Nyanza, Rift Valley and Eastern provinces contributed 66% of the total rural food poverty. Numerous socioeconomic and cultural factors influence the decision on patterns of feeding and nutritional status. In adequate kilocurie intake is often associated with iadequate intake of micronutrients. Malnutrition in women is not conspicuous and remains to a large extent unaccounted for and unreported, thus insufficient attention has been given to the extent, causes and consequences of malnutrition in women. As a result inadequate resources and efforts have been allocated to improving women's nutrition compared with other nutritional and public health actions.. This lack of emphasis on women's nutrition is unacceptable given the importance of nutrition to women's health, pregnancy outcome and child survival. This study thus sought to investigate maternal Socio-economic Factors and their influence on Kilocalorie intake, in South Nyanza, Kenya. Objectives of the study included determining socio-economic factors and determining Kilocalorie intake, The study adopted a descriptive survey and comprehensive sampling was used to select a sample of 100 women for the study. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires for socioeconomic, factors and Kilocalorie intake was obtained by use of 24hour recall and food weighing technique. Data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 9) and dietary data was analyzed by use of Nutri-survey computer package. Descriptive statistics was used to describe other data. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test for significant relationships between variables and t test was used to test for significant difference between mean of nutrients. Daily Kilocalorie intake was found to be 1436.42 ± 421.8 std Kcal/ day. Women in this study consume fewer calories than what is recommended as adequate. The study found possible influence of socioeconomic variables on Kilocalorie intake. The study fills the knowledge gap, International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research


[Objective] The research aimed to establish the determination methods of total flavonoids content in the suspended cells of Carduus crispus L.[Method] The content of total flavonoids in the suspended cells of C.crispus was determined by spectrophotometry.[Results] The linear range of rutin was 0-0.6 mg (r=0.999 7),the average recovery was 100.4% and RSD was 1.5%(n=5).[Conclusion] This method was simple and accurate and it had good reproducibility.It could be taken as the determination method of total flavonoids content in C.crispus.


Magnetometric measurements indicate that when the magnetization of cobalt films is reversed by the application of fields at angles greater than grazing incidence, switching occurs when the field component H s in the film plane is less than the coercivity H c Curves of H s versus the vertical field component H y are shown for cobalt tapes and Co-P films. This effect has been shown to influence the writing process and could be used to facilitate the switching of the high coercivity films necessary for high packing density systems.


Radio Engineering Department, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York Summary-In this paper, the characteristics of broadcast antennas of various standard forms are discussed and experimental data presented on actutal installations at the South Schenectady Developmental Station. The effect on signal strength, as measured locally, of varying the antenna height is considered; and also the effect of high steel towers on antennas operated at 880 meters wavelength. Antenna ground system losses, local radiation losses, antenna directional effects and field distortion are also discussed to a limited extent.


Four methods for the hardware and software generation of real-time sine-waves suitable for PWM circuits are presented. The sine-waves are derived from: a truncated modified cosine Taylor series, x( pi -x) function, a digitally filtered trapezoid, and a second-order differential equation. Triplen injection is incorporated by the addition of a defined magnitude triangular waveform of three times the fundamental frequency. Each sine-wave generating technique is implemented, as applicable, in a programmable logic cell array and/or in microprocessor-based software. In each case the output spectra and total harmonic distortion are compared with computer simulated results.<<ETX>>


Tourist activities are necessity of modern human life. The development of the touris industry in Indonesia is being intensively developed because it increase regional income. BPS data in 2015 shows the foreign exchange from the tourism sector amounted to US $ 12,23 bilion and contributed 4,25% of Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, in some regions there are potential natural objects to be tourism objects that not yet developed, one of those object is a waterfall. In Batealit District, Jepara Regency, there are 11 waterfalls, some not yet developed to be tourism potential. This study aims to analyze the potential of waterfall tourism in Batealit Subdistrict and analyze development directions according to their potential. The method used descriptive survey research method and the data used secondary and primary data results from field observations. The results shows that in internal potential there were 4 objects with high classification, 5 objects classified as moderate, and 2 objects were classified as low. The external potential of all objects classified as moderate. The combined potential shows that 8 objects are in the moderate classification and 3 objects are classified as low. Banyu Anjlok Waterfall could used as a driving waterfall tourism in Batealit District because it's value of internal potential is highest even though the it's external potential value only in moderate classification. However, the value of variables in external potential can be increased by appropriate management and development ,while internal potential variables tend to be difficult to develop because they are natural.


The contemporary companies are confronted with a highly
competitive and dynamic scenario, the corporate strategy has a fundamental
role in preparing organizations to grow in their segment, being directed to
their global objectives, and thus survive in this environment full of
uncertainties. There are several tools that help the implementation and
management of business strategies, such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC),
which addresses the follow-up of indicators related to the organization's
performance in reach of his strategies, guiding employees actions through the
strategy adopted. The purpose of this study is to gather case studies of
companies from different segments that have applied the tool BSC to analyze
the different ways of approach of this tool for each study that was presented
and verify the peculiarity of each case.


In this analysis victims of suicide in New Zealand are rankled by class origin and class at death. The highest rank in occupational prestige attained by the father is taken as indicating the class of the victim's family of orientation; the victim's class is indicated by the prestige rank of his occupation at death. The data indicate that upper-class fathers produce more than their proportion of suicidal sons, that suicide rates are significantly higher among persons of high prestige, and that victims of suicide, born at whatever level, freely change position between generations on the prestige scale.


The question of what role genetic factors have in the transmission of suicidal behaviour, in particular suicide itself, is discussed on the basis of four studies of an epidemiologically clearly defined region (the Bundesland Salzburg). The high percentage of suicide positive family histories as compared to the literature are due to exceptionally good sources of information. It could be shown that in suicide cases which were also suffering from endogenous depression, both endogenous psychoses and suicides appeared to a greater extent in their families. In contrast to current assumptions, however, the suicide disposition is not just found in those with endogenous psychoses, but shows a separate genetic determination. The author concludes, without wanting to generalize prematurely, that the genetic factor in suicide research and in the evaluation of suicidality equally be respected as are psychodynamic and sociodynamic factors.


Objective. FcγRIII (CD16), one of the low affinity IgG Fc receptors, is found in 2 alternative forms, a transmembrane FcγRIIIa expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked FcγRIIIb present on neutrophils. Both FcγRIII are released from the cell surface by proteolytic cleavage and these soluble forms (sFcγRIII) are present in plasma. Since NK cells and macrophages will be activated locally, leading to shedding of FcγRIIIa and its subsequent release into blood, we investigated whether sFcγRIIIa plasma concentrations would be a good marker for disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. We measured sFcγRIIIa with an immuno-PCR in plasma of NA(1+,2–) phenotyped donors. In this assay, we used CD16 GRM1, which recognizes NA2-FcγRIIIb and FcγRIIIa. We also analyzed precipitated sFcγRIIIa derived from plasma with immunoblotting with CD16 CLBLM6.30. Results. The concentration of sFcγRIIIa in patients with RA was about 3 times higher than in healthy controls. In controls, the sFcγRIIIa levels in plasma correlated with the number of NK cells in peripheral blood. In RA patients, sFcγRIIIa levels were increased directly proportionally to the concentrations of IgG, IgA, or IgM and to erythrocyte sedimentation rate or Lansbury Index. The electrophoretic mobility of plasma sFcγRIIIa corresponded with sFcγRIIIa derived from NK cells and/or macrophages. In general, plasma sFcγRIIIa originated from both cell types; however, the ratio of sFcγRIIIaNK to sFcγRIIIaMφ varied in the RA patients. Conclusion. Increased sFcγRIIIa levels in RA patients were found to be caused by NK cell and/or macrophage activation. Plasma sFcγRIIIa levels may serve as a marker for disease activity in RA. (J Rheumatol 2003;30:1911–7) Key Indexing Terms: MACROPHAGES NATURAL KILLER CELLS FC-RECEPTORS CD16 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Personal, non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2003. All rights reserved. www.jrheum.org Downloaded on January 21, 2021 from by proteolytic activity rather than by a lipase4,10,11. The release of FcγRIIIb is inhibited by the serine protease inhibitors and metalloprotease inhibitors, depending on the stimulus used to activate the cells12. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints and extraarticular tissues. Increased protein expression of a series of matrix metalloproteases (MMP), which are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix molecules, has been described in patients with RA13. Several reports14-16 have described a reduced expression of FcγRIIIa on NK cells isolated from synovial fluid of affected joints of RA patients. It is possible that the activated metalloproteases cleave FcγRIIIa on NK cells. FcγRIIIa is detected in plasma from RA patients, and in very low amounts in plasma from healthy donors3. In addition to NK cells, mononuclear leukocytes, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, are the most numerous cells in the synovium of the rheumatoid joint. Macrophage FcγRIIIa is distributed in restricted tissue17, being expressed at high concentrations in synovial intimal tissue and other tissues, such as pericardium. FcγRIIIa is also expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes1, which are characterized by a CD3+CD8+CD16dim phenotype and are sometimes also CD56 positive. Especially in patients with RA, this subset may be increased. Although soluble FcγRIII (sFcγRIII) has been detected in saliva, synovial and seminal fluid, serum, and plasma3,6,10,18-20, none of the assays used discriminates sFcγRIIIa from sFcγRIIIb. Plasma sFcγRIII was shown to be mainly derived from neutrophils and to a lesser extent from NK cells3,10. sFcγRIIIa derived from macrophages has not yet been detected in plasma. Since NK cells and macrophages will be activated locally, leading to shedding of FcγRIIIa and subsequent release into the blood, we investigated whether the plasma concentration of sFcγRIIIa would be a good marker for the activity of RA. We measured sFcγRIIIa in plasma of NA(1+,2–) genotyped donors with CD16 GRM17, which recognizes NA2-FcγRIIIb and FcγRIIIa. The concentration of sFcγRIIIa, as well as the total level of sFcγRIII (sFcγRIIIb plus sFcγRIIIa), in RA patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls. In general, plasma sFcγRIIIa originates from both NK cells and macrophages. sFcγRIIIa may serve as a good marker for disease activity in RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients. Patients were recruited from the Division of Rheumatology at our hospital, and were followed from April 1994 to April 1996. All patients met the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for RA21. Seventysix patients with NA(1+,2–) phenotype were selected from 178 patients with RA. Four of these 76 patients were excluded for having nephritis and 4 for hepatic diseases, because sFcγRIII are probably catabolized by the liver, as well as excreted from the kidney10,20. As pathological controls, 8 patients with NA(1+,2–) phenotype were selected from 40 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Laboratory findings in these patients are shown in Table 1. A Lansbury index was determined based on the duration of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), grip strength, and joint score22. Informed consent was obtained from all patients, and the trial was approved by the ethical committee in our hospital. Three hundred forty-two healthy volunteers were randomly recruited from the hospital staff. One hundred individuals were selected for NA(1+,2–) phenotype to contribute the pooled plasma. Forty-one age matched individuals were selected as healthy controls. No control individual had any evidence of renal, hepatic, infectious, or inflammatory disease or diabetes mellitus, and none was taking any medication. FcγRIIIB-NA(1/2) genotyping assays. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from leukocytes by standard techniques. Genotyping for the FcγRIIIB-NA1/2 polymorphism was performed as described23. In brief, 2 sets of primers specifically annealing to either an NA1-FcγRIIIB or an NA2-FcγRIIIB fragment were used. NA1-FcγRIIIBand NA2-FcγRIIIBspecific fragments were separately amplified from gDNA in a Perkin Elmer GeneAmp PCR System 9600 (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA, USA) in a total volume of 20 μl. ELISA for total sFcγRIII. The total sFcγRIII (sFcγRIIIa + sFcγRIIIb) concentrations were measured by ELISA as described20. Briefly, an ELISA plate with 96 wells (Nunc Immunoplate Maxisorp, Roskilde, Denmark) was coated with CD16 CLBFcRgranI. After unbound sites had been blocked with 2% milk in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), diluted EDTA plasma in high performance ELISA buffer (HPE buffer; CLB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was incubated in the wells for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with PBS containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20, the plates were incubated with a biotin labeled rabbit anti-FcγRIII antibody. After incubation with horseradish-peroxidase labeled streptavidin, the amount of sFcγRIII was detected with tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2. A calibration curve was constructed with pooled plasma from 100 healthy NA(1+,2–) phenotyped donors. The concentration of total sFcγRIII in this pool was set at 100 arbitrary units (AU). Immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for sFcγRIIIa. The sFcγRIIIa concentrations were measured by immuno-PCR according to Furuya, et al24 with some modifications. Briefly, thin-wall 96-well polypropylene plates fit for thermocycling (Bio Medical Equipment, Tokyo, Japan) were coated with CD16 GRM1. After unbound sites had been blocked with 1 g/l salmon sperm DNA, 1% fetal calf serum, 5% milk, and 1% gelatin in PBS, diluted EDTA-plasma in HPE buffer was incubated The Journal of Rheumatology 2003; 30:9 1912 Table 1. Laboratory findings in the patients and controls. Controls RA Patients OA Patients n, F/M 28/12 54/14 7/1 Age, yrs 53.4 ± 13.4 56.1 ± 11.9 58.6 ± 7.4 IgG RF, U/ml 1.92 ± 1.63 12.58 ± 40.23 4.20 ± 4.68 IgM RF, IU/ml < 10.1 131.6 ± 318.4 < 10.1 IgG, g/l 15.4 ± 2.2 21.5 ± 6.5**†† 14.9 ± 2.7 IgA, g/l 3.1 ± 1.1 4.4 ± 1.9** 3.5 ± 1.6 IgM, g/l 1.8 ± 0.7 2.0 ± 1.0 2.0 ± 1.7 CRP, mg/l < 1.0 34.2 ± 34.4† 7.1 ± 17.4 ESR, mm — 48.1 ± 33.7 — Lansbury Index — 39.4 ± 18.9 — WBC, /μl 5861 ± 1301 7348 ± 1990** 6857 ± 2525 Neutrophils, /μl 3684 ± 998 5316 ± 1877** 4500 ± 2552 Lymphocytes, /μl 1868 ± 514 1482 ± 468**† 1894 ± 458 NK cells, /μl 253 ± 112 263 ± 152 335 ± 146 Platelets, 104/μl 24.1 ± 6.0 31.2 ± 9.9**†† 21.7 ± 5.4 Hb, g/l F 125 ± 9 110 ± 13**†† 126 ± 9 M 143 ± 9 121 ± 19** 155 The data are mean ± SD. Significant differences vs healthy control, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, or vs OA patients, † p < 0.05, †† p < 0.01. RF: rheumatoid factor; WBC: white blood cell count; Hb: hemoglobin. Personal, non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2003. All rights reserved. www.jrheum.org Downloaded on January 21, 2021 from in the wells overnight at 4°C. After washing with PBS containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20, the plates were incubated with biotin labeled CD16 CLBFcRgranI. After incubation with NeutrAvidin (ImmunoPure grade; Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL, USA) (1 mg/l in HPE buffer), the plates were incubated with the biotinylated DNA (5 nM in HPE buffer containing 1 g/l salmon sperm DNA). Biotinylated DNA was produced from plasmid Bluescript by PCR amplification with biotinylated M13 primer and nonbiotinylated Rev primer, as described24. The amount of sFcγRIII was detected by real-time PCR in an ABI Prism® 7700 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). A calibration curve was constructed with the plasma pool, and the concentration of sFcγRIIIa in the pooled plasma was set at 100 AU. CD16 GRM1 was a generous gift from Dr. F. Garrido, Hospital des Nieves, Granada, Spain. Recovery of sFcγRIIIa. sFcγRIII concentrations are presented as the percentage of sFcγRIII compared with the amount of sFcγRIII in a standard plasma pool. To determine the relativ


The objective of this paper is to present and justify the general principles which are considered basic in the design of the current and future curricula for the teaching of mathematics and its didactics in the teachers' training colleges.


The floating tongue has attracted attention of glaciologists since Debenham had found remains of fish, corals, sponges, and other remains of sea creatures at the surface of the tongue near the Dailey Islands, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. To explain the presence of the sea remains at the surface a hypothesis was suggested about freezing of sea water at the bottom of the tongue and ablation at the surface, and as the result of lifting the remians had been caught by freezing at the bottom of the tongue. Gow had explained the existence of the remains at the surface differently but in spite of that the question about the possibility of freezing at the bottom of the tongue has not been answered. A hole about 20 m deep had been drilled in the tongue near the Dailey Islands in October 1965 to find out, what kind of processes occurred within the tongue. Temperatures had been measured and cores had been taken throughout the hole. The theoretical analysis had shown that the measured temperatures corresponded with the moving upwards of the ice within the glacier, i. e. there is ablation at the surface and freezing at the bottom of the tongue. The intensity of the ablation at the surface has been estimated as about 1.5 m of ice per year, freezing at the bottom-about 0.5 m per year. It was shown that freezing of that kind can take place, if there was a water layer with lower salinity between the bottom of the tongue and the sea water below this layer. An analysis of the structure and composition of the cores has shown that deeper layers of the ice consist of ice formed from sea water.


J. F. C. DiMento, Urban arteries: 3 experiments in 3 American cities - This essay examines the decision-making process that led to the building of the freeways and highways that cross metropolitan areas in the USA, focusing on the cases of Syracuse, New York; Memphis, Tennessee; and Los Angeles, California. There are many decisions concerning transportation that affect urban areas, but the most import of them have to do with state highways and interstates. This essay focuses on the phases and the events that led to the cities' decisions on the highways that cross urban centers. These decisions were laden with serious consequences on the formation, growth, and decline of various models of urban development. The sources of information consist mainly of interviews and investigations, archival records and statistics. The cases examined lead us to believe that the fate of cities in this area mostly depen- ded on powers beyond their control tied in with transportation. In any case, the decisions in each case are not analogous to those of other cases. The outcomes in each city depended on phenomena that interact with each other and depend on particular moments in history and on changeable factors, such as the chance to obtain federal and state funding, the set up of the environmental laws, and the specific philosophies of governmental administrations on fiscal questions and on how to maintain the city centers vital.


The article considers the features of introducing the portraits of Aleksey Lokhmaty, Nastya Chapurina, and Patap Maksimych in the text of the dilogy by P.I. Melnikov (Andrey Pechersky) «In the Forests» and «On the Hills».


This invention relates to a method for preparing derivatives of aryl (or heteroaryl) piperazinyl-butyl-azoles of the general formula I wherein Ar represents an aromatic radical nitrogen-containing or not, Z1, Z2, Z4 are independently a nitrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom and R1, R2, R3 and R4, identical or different, may also form part of another ring, aromatic or not, characterized in that a compound of general formula IX. wherein Ar has the meanings stated above and X represents a halogen atom, with a compound of general formula III wherein Z1, Z2, Z4 and R3 have as previously mentioned. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


The objective of the proposal is to examine the existing security models for supporting information sharing among multiple agencies and suggest extension for addressing the new requirement. Procedures for enforcing and tracking secure information distribution will be investigated. Existing group key management will be enhanced to address the scaling and tracking issues. To validate the revised security model and the secure information distribution procedures, a secure information distribution prototype based on SGFR secure instant messaging software we have developed in NISSC sponsored project will be developed. It will help identify the critical features and system design issues. Field trials with Northcom will be attempted in the follow-up project.


With 663 million people still without access to an improved drinking water source, there is no room for complacency in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 6.1: "universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all" by 2030 (WHO, 2017). All of the current efforts related to water supply service delivery will require continued enthusiasm in diligent implementation and thoughtful evaluation. This cannot be over-emphasized in relation to rural inhabitants of low-income countries (LICs), as they represent the largest percentage of those still reliant on unimproved drinking water sources. In that lies the motivation and value of this thesis research- improving water supply service delivery in LICs.
Manually operated suction pumps, being relatively robust, low cost, and feasible to manufacture locally, are an important technology in providing access to improved drinking water sources in LICs, especially in the context of Self-supply. It seems widely accepted that the water-lifting limit of suction pumps as reported in practice is approximately seven meters. However, some observations by our research group of manually operated suction pumps lifting water upwards of nine meters brought this "general rule of thumb" limit into question. Therefore, a focused investigation on the capabilities of a manually operated suction pump (a Pitcher Pump) was conducted in an attempt to address these discrepancies, and in so doing, contribute to the understanding of this technology with the intent of providing results with practical relevance to its potential; that is, provide evidence that can inform the use of these pumps for water supply.
In this research, a simple model based on commonly used engineering approaches employing empirical equations to describe head loss in a pump system was used to estimate the suction lift limit under presumed system parameters. Fundamentally based on the energy equation applied to incompressible flow in pipes, the empirically derived Darcy-Weisbach equation and Hydraulic Institute Standards acceleration head equation were used to estimate frictional and acceleration head losses. Considering the theoretical maximum suction lift is limited to the height of a column of water that would be supported by atmospheric pressure, reduced only by the vapor pressure of water, subtracting from this the model was used to predict the suction lift limit, also referred to herein as the practical theoretical limit, assuming a low (4 L/min) and high (11 L/min) flow rate for three systems: 1) one using 1.25-inch internal diameter GI pipes, 2) one using 1.25-inch internal diameter PVC pipes, and 3) one using 2-inch internal diameter PVC pipes. In all considered cases, with an elevation equal to sea level, the suction lift limit was estimated to be over nine meters. At a minimum, the suction lift limit was estimated to be approximately 9.4 meters for systems using 1.25-inch internal…


In 1909 Charles Walcott discovered the remarkable soft-bodied animal fauna of the Middle Cambrian age Burgess Shale in British Columbia. These fossils have become the iconic representation of the astonishing expansion of animal diversity during the Cambrian, including the first appearance in the fossil record of essentially all living phyla, known as the "Cambrian explosion." Although the Burgess Shale biota is the public face of the Cambrian explosion, even appearing on a 1995 cover of Time, it is only a small part of the story (and somewhat late in the tale). Most readers will be familiar with the Cambrian explosion through Stephen Jay Gould's 1989 book Wonderful Life (1989) or perhaps Martin Brasier's more recent Darwin's Lost World (2009). Both of these books were written to reach a general audience. What has been lacking to date is a more technical book, aimed at students and professionals, which summarizes and introduces the tremendous amount of research that this episode of earth history has received in the last 25 years. The Cambrian Explosion: The Construction of Animal Biodiversity by Douglas H Erwin and James W Valentine more than fills this need. It will become required reading for anyone who wants to understand the multiple lines of evidence, from geology, geochemistry, paleontology, genetics, phylogenetics, comparative morphology, and ecology, that have to be integrated to understand one of the most important episodes in the history of life. The authors, both paleontologists, are deeply respected authorities on evolution and the Cambrian fossil record, with a welldeserved reputation for innovative approaches. This book necessarily covers a tremendous amount of ground; the forty-two pages of references demonstrate the depth and breadth of scholarship that the authors summarize. The first section covers the geological context of the explosion, stretching back to the Snowball Earth episodes of the Cryogenian. This includes summaries of the current status of the absolute and relative time scales for this period and what geochemical proxies reveal about ocean chemistry, including oxygenation states and changes in the carbon cycle. The latter is unfortunately the weakest part of the book; there is very poor integration between figures (which come from external sources) and text; the figure captions and labels are inadequate. The book hits its stride in the next section. It begins with a brief review of phylogenetics and of living metazoan morphology and relationships, a subject Valentine explored in more depth in his comprehensive earlier book, On the Origin of Phyla (2004). This is followed


[4] ABSTRACT Violence against women is a worldwide public health problem that has existed in all ages of humanity, from past to present, with significant differences both between and within countries. Local and global factors such as ensuring the continuity of patriarchal culture, traditional gender roles, gender inequality, lack of laws and policies, and the COVID-19 process have caused the continuity of violence against women. Violence manifests itself as physical, sexual, economic, psychological and cyber bullying in the life stages of women. Violence experienced within the family, which is the basis of society, sometimes directly or indirectly affects the child raised by the woman who is exposed to violence, and therefore also the future of the society. It is possible to see the traces of violence and its negative effects on health in every period of life of women who are exposed to violence. For this, it is recommended to be aware of domestic violence, to introduce the resources to help and support women in the experience of violence, and to increase the effectiveness of laws and action plans. Nurses are health professionals who have a key role in which women who are isolated from the society and who have been subjected to violence can establish relationships and interact outside their homes. Nurses should take a role in identifying women victims of violence, supporting and caring for women in the risk group, and developing effective intervention programs to prevent problems and multiple victimization.


This paper attempts to estimate Value At Risk (VaR) for a multi asset Norwegian portfolio, using some of the most popular estimation methods, Variance Covariance Method, Historical Simulation and Monte Carlo Simulation. The Variance Covariance Method is applied with both time varying and constant volatility. Each VaR estimation method's accuracy is tested, using Kupiec's univariate testing framework, for multiple single points in the left tail of the portfolio's return distribution, and Pérignon and Smith's multivariate framework for a larger subset of the left tail. It compares each method's overall results for the Norwegian portfolio with those found by Wu et al. (2012) on a similar Taiwanese portfolio. And finally, based on the empirical testing, it attempts to draw a conclusion on which method is best suited for Norwegian data.


: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of the different grinding particle sizes of corn on the processing quality of pellet feed and growth performance of finishing pigs under the same formula. Six different aperture sizes (1.5/2.0, 2.0/2.0, 2.0/2.5, 2.5/2.5, 2.5/3.0 and 3.0/3.0 mm) of screen surfaces were used to crush the corn for obtaining corn raw material with the geometric average particle size of 303.91, 346.08, 356.81, 358.51, 373.29 and 387.7 μm, respectively, and the diets with different grinding particle sizes of corn were prepared under the same formula and the same processing parameters (die diameter was 3 mm, the length diameter was 9 ∶ 1, and modulating temperature was 80 ℃). Then one hundred and eight finishing pigs were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 pigs (male ∶ female was 1 ∶ 1) in each replicate. The pigs were fed with the corn of different grinding particle sizes for eight weeks. The results showed that the grinding energy consumption was reduced from 9.02 to 6.86 kW•h/t, and the pelletizing energy consume was increased from 19.06 to 22.30 kW•h/t with the particle size increasing. In vitro crude protein digestibility presented ascendant trend with the increase of the granularity of corn, which in 2.5/2.5 mm group was the highest and significantly higher than that in 1.5/2.0 mm group ( P <0.05). Hardness of 2.5/3.0 and 3.0/3.0 mm groups was significantly higher than that of the other groups ( P <0.05). With the increase of particle size


Mesoporous silica-based materials, especially mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs), are widely used in biomedical applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery, not only because of their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility but also due to their tunable composition and potential use as drug delivery carriers owing to their controllable nanoporous structure. Numerous researches have reported that MBGs can be doped with various therapeutic ions (strontium, copper, magnesium, zinc, lithium, silver, etc.) and loaded with specific biomolecules (e.g., therapeutic drugs, antibiotics, growth factors) achieving controllable loading and release kinetics. Therefore, co-delivery of ions and biomolecules using a single MBG carrier is highly interesting as this approach provides synergistic effects toward improved therapeutic outcomes in comparison to the strategy of sole drug or ion delivery. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art in the field of mesoporous silica-based materials used for co-delivery of ions and therapeutic drugs with osteogenesis/cementogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial and anticancer properties. The analysis of the literature reveals that specially designed mesoporous nanocarriers could controllably release multiple ions and drugs at therapeutically safe and relevant levels, achieving the desired biological effects (in vivo, in vitro) for specific biomedical applications. It is expected that this review on the ion/drug co-delivery concept using MBG carriers will shed light on the advantages of such co-delivery systems for clinical use. Areas for future research directions are identified and discussed.


It was evaluated the impact of the use of acai and camu-camu in pre scholars of a Philanthropic Unit of Manaus-AM. Eight-five volunteers with age two to six-years old of both sexes were selected, randomly distributed in five groups, having acai and acai + camu-camu as sources of iron (2 mg) and vitamin C (40 mg), as well as iron aminoacid chelate with concentrations of 1 and 2 mg of iron. The iron was distributed daily in the lunch by a period of 120 days. In the characterization of the anemia, the cutting point of hemoglobin was <11g/dL. The results demonstrated that of a total of 85 children, 6 (7%) presented a chronic malnutrition state, being at the end of the study reduced to 4 (4%). The most impact of the use of the acai was as energy source, resulting in a significant weight gain (1.76 kg) by the children, even when camu-camu was added (1.69 kg). Regarding hemoglobin concentration no significant difference was observed among the children of the groups gave received different sources of iron: acai (0.71 g/dL); acai + camu-camu (0.60 g/dL), iron 2 mg (0.88 g/dL); water (0.85 g/dL) and iron 1 mg (0.54 g/dL). However, the recovery of the anemic children was better in the group gave received iron aminoacid chelate in the concentration of 2 mg of iron. It was concluded that acai has a great potential as energy source and little importance as an iron source, even with the addition of camu-camu.


Thermal imaging (TI) is a portable, low cost imaging tool with high feasibility for use. Clinical joint assessment.Is routinely performed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient care.To assess a combined TI and clinical joint assessment (CTCA) approach in comparison with TI alone using ultrasound (US) detected joint inflammation outcomes as a gold standard.Bilateral (BL) hand and wrist (22 joint sites) were assessed in this cross-sectional study. For TI (performed in a draft free room with a controlled temperature of around 22°C), the adjusted maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and average (Tavg) temperatures were derived by subtracting a control temperature (lowest Tmin at the joints per subject) from the Tmax, Tmin and Tavg per joint. US power Doppler (PD) and greyscale (GS) joint inflammation were graded semi-quantitatively (0-3) using validated scoring methods. Joint swelling and tenderness were graded as yes = 1 or no = 0. To increase the relative weightage of CTCA-MAX, CTCA-MIN and CTCA-AVG on the CTCA scores, if the joint was swollen and/or tender, the adjusted Tmax, Tmin and Tavg at each joint were multiplied by a factor of 2; otherwise, they remained unchanged. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the performance of TI and CTCA in identifying joints with US PD score > 1 and GS score > 1. A parameter was selected as a univariate predictor if statistically significant (P < 0.05) with area under the ROC curve (AUC) ≥ 0.70.This study included 814 joints from 37 RA patients (mean disease duration, 30.9 months; mean DAS28, 4.43). For both TI and CTCA, out of the 22 joints sites, 3 joint sites were evaluated for PD score > 1 and 14 joint sites for GS score > 1; the remaining joint sites had AUC results unavailable due to small number of outcomes. For TI (Table 1), 3 joint sites had ≥ 1 predictive parameter for either PD score > 1 and/or GS score > 1 as follows: left (L) wrist and right (R) MCPJ 1, AUCs (0.813 to 0.897) for PD score > 1; L wrist and R MCPJs 1 and 3, AUCs (0.808 to 0.947) for GS score > 1. For CTCA (Table 1), 6 joint sites had ≥ 1 predictive parameter for either PD score > 1 and/or GS score > 1 as follows: BL wrists, AUCs (0.726 to 0.899) for PD score > 1; BL wrists, MCPJs 2 and 3, AUCs (0.739 to 0.931) for GS score > 1.Table 1.Identifying joints with ultrasound PD score >1 & GS score >1Thermal Imaging aloneCTCAJointUScriterionParameter (AUC ≥ 0.7& P <0.05)AUC(95% CI)Cut-offJointUScriterionParameter (AUC ≥ 0.7& P <0.05)AUC (95% CI)Cut-offLRLRLPD score >1Adjusted Tmax**0.841 (0.691, 0.992)4.7L & RPD score >1CTCA-MAX**0.899 (0.797, 1)**0.776 (0.578, .973)9.47.3WristAdjusted Tmin**0.813 (0.669, 0.958)2.85WristCTCA-MIN**0.861 (0.735, 0.987)*0.7265.74.45(0.526, 0.926)Adjusted Tavg**0.849 (0.714, 0.985)3.9CTCA-AVG**0.889 (0.781, 0.997)*0.7617.35.95(0.563, 0.959)GS score >1Adjusted Tmax**0.827 (0.687, 0.966)4.7GS score >1CTCA-MAX**0.918 (0.833, 1)**0.81387.3(0.632, 0.994)Adjusted Tmin**0.808 (0.67, 0.947)2.85CTCA-MIN**0.873 (0.761, 0.986)**0.7664.44.45(0.581, 0.951)Adjusted Tavg**0.837 (0.707, 0.967)3.9CTCA-AVG**0.913**0.8025.55.95(0.824, 1)(0.62, 0.985)RPD score >1Adjusted Tmax*0.897 (0.726, 1)5.7L & RGS score >1CTCA-MAX-*0.758-9.8(0.494, 1)MCPJ 1MCPJ 2GS score >1Adjusted Tmax*0.936 (0.813, 1)7.2CTCA-MIN*0.902*0.7392.753.9(0.775, 1)(0.443, 1)Adjusted Tmin*0.932 (0.793, 1)3.95CTCA-AVG*0.931**0.7634.75.5(0.835, 1)(0.474, 1)Adjusted Tavg*0.947 (0.868, 1)4.9L & RGS score >1CTCA-MAX*0.914*0.8736.3512.2(0.735, 1)(0.617, 1)RGS score >1Adjusted Tmax*0.922 (0.76, 1)4.6MCPJ 3CTCA-MIN-*0.902-3.15(0.75, 1)MCPJ 3CTCA-AVG-*0.902-4.1(0.728, 1)Corresponding P-value: statistically significance at *P <0.05, **P<0.01.A novel CTCA approach helps discriminate the severity of US detected joint inflammation in RA at more joint sites when compared to TI alone; this includes the commonly affected BL wrists, MCPJs 2 and 3. Further validation work in a larger RA cohort will be required.None declared


The giant Huize zinc-lead ore deposits comprise the Kuangshanchang deposit and the Qilinchang deposit separated by a distance of 3 km. The ages of the No. 1 ore body of the Kuangshanchang deposit and the No. 6 ore body of the Qilinchang deposit were determined by the samarium-neodymium isochron method for hydrothermal calcite. The ages are 225 ± 38 Ma and 226 ±15 Ma for the No. 1 ore body and the No. 6 ore body, respectively. If all calcite samples are plotted on one line an average age can be calculated. All the calcite samples fall on one line and yield a Sm-Nd isochron age of 222± 14 Ma. Combined with geological and geochemical data, it is concluded that the Kuangshanchang and the Qilinchang deposit formed during the same geological event and the metals have the same source. The ages of the two ore bodies in the Huize deposits are close to the age of the Emeishan Basalt, which is about 250 Ma. It implies that mineralization of the Huize Zn-Pb deposits maybe related to the event of the Emeishan Basalt.


Using leaky cable (3) for transmitting information in a busbar trunking system having regularly spaced plugged distribution boxes (4) and branch-off.


This article describes the recent changes to Australian higher education funding in relation to social work education and practice in order to analyse the frames that situate their implementation. ...


To what level are invisible stimuli processed by the brain in the absence of conscious awareness? Taking stock of the evidence to this day, it is widely accepted that simple visual properties of invisible stimuli are processed; however, the existence of higher-level unconscious processing (e.g., involving semantic or executive functions) remains a matter of debate. After several years of research in the field of unconscious processing, we became aware of a number of methodological aspects which need to be controlled carefully to help resolve discrepant findings in the literature. These aspects relate to: (1) when and how visibility is assessed; (2) when and how unconscious processing is assessed; (3) whether spatiotemporal attention is directed or, at least, measured; (4) whether adequate control conditions are used to rule out alternate explanations; (5) whether the studies are sufficiently powered and account for individual differences. Yet even when these aspects are carefully controlled, there may be, and probably are, some inherent differences in the amount of information let through by the different invisibility-inducing techniques (the "psychophysical magic" arsenal, Kim and Blake, 2005). We launched this Research Topic to foster investigations into these inherent differences (note previous attempts, Breitmeyer et al., 2004; Almeida et al., 2008; Kanai et al., 2010; Faivre et al., 2012).


T.B. HANSEN AND S. KNØCHEL. 1996. Heating at slowly rising temperatures is suspected to enhance thermotolerance in Listeria monocytogenes and, since anaerobic environments have been shown to facilitate resuscitation of heat‐injured cells of this micro‐organism, concern may arise about the possibility of L. monocytogenes surviving in minimally preserved products. The effect of rapid (> 10°C min‐1) and slow (0.3 and 0.6°C min‐1) heating on survival of L. monocytogenes in sous vide cooked beef was therefore examined at mild processing temperatures of 56, 60 and 64°C. No statistically significant difference (P= 0.70) was observed between the tested heating regimes. Since the average pH of beef was low (5.6), and little or no effect was observed, a pH‐dependency of heat shock‐induced thermotolerance in L. monocytogenes is suggested to account for this result.


We are grateful to Professor Macpheron for his critique of our paper and particularly for his constructive criticism of our comments on the weighting given in the P4SR index to the effects of mean radiant temperature (M.R.T.). However, before we deal in detail with Professor Macpherson's critique it is necessary to put into perspective the various aspects of our study because, in Professor Macpherson's opinion, one of our comments on the effects of radiation 'represents the major scientific finding described in the paper'. This is certainly not our view. We feel that because of the undue emphasis Professor Macpherson gives in his critique to this aspect of the paper he has lost sight of the main purposes of the study. There were two main aims of the study in the mine at Mount Isa. The first was to determine which of three methods of assessing heat stress, the W.B., the C.E.T., or the P4SR, predicts most accurately the heat stress in the mine. The second aim was to try to set limits, based upon a rational physiological criterion, of heat stress at which the shift should be curtailed and at which work should be stopped. Professor Macpherson criticizes our attempt to achieve these aims by carrying out a study in the mine. We recognize his preference for hot room studies but the purposes for which the indices of heat stress were introduced was to be able to assess heat stress in industry. Academic exercises in hot rooms have their place but, finally, the accuracy of the indices of heat stress must be examined in industry if they are to be of any practical use. When we plotted oral temperatures against P4SRs we found that the plots for high G.T.s fell well below the rest of the data. This result was quite unexpected but we regard it as an incidental finding. It does, however, raise some important issues with regard to the weighting given by P4SR to the effects of radiant heat and we would have been wrong to have ignored these issues. Professor Macpherson advances two criticisms of our interpretation of the anomalous finding with regard to oral temperatures at high G.T.s. In the first he disagrees with our division of the oral temperature/P4SR data into two class-intervals of differences between D.B. and G.T. This is a common statistical practice and we used a similar approach in examining the accuracy with which P4SR takes account of differences between D.B. and W.B. In his second criticism Professor Macpherson expresses surprise that the mathematical analysis of the relative weighting given to various heat stress parameters by P4SR shows that the effect of increasing D.B. decreases P4SR. A moment's reflection will enable the reader to appreciate that the net effect of an increase in D.B., with all other environmental measurements held constant, would be a lowering of the relative humidity, and, in the range of air conditions examined, this would have the effect of reducing the heat stress as expressed by P4SR. Dealing with our comments on the effect of M.R.T. on P4SR, Professor Macpherson complains that we misquoted Ferres et al. (1954) by inserting in brackets the words 'as measured by G.T.' It would have been better if these words had appeared in italics to indicate that they were inserted by us and if anyone has been misled we apologize. We merely wished to draw attention to the fact that M.R.T. was determined from measurements of G.T., using Bedford's equation, and not by any other method such as a radiometer, for example. Professor Macpherson points out an error in our comments on the conclusion of Ferres et al. and we are grateful to him for doing so. The statement at the top of page 264 should be changed to read :


The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement Foundation Phase Life Skills curriculum (DBE, 2011) is composed of four focus areas: Beginning Knowledge; Personal and Social Well-being; Creative Arts; and Physical Education. These areas draw on a number of disciplines and this makes the curriculum dense. This density is, in turn, a challenge for teachers and teacher education. We perform an historical analysis of Life Skills curriculum documents from 1977 to the present and a content analysis of the CAPS document. Using Bernstein (1971, 1996) we show that this curriculum is weakly classified and that epistemological orientations are blurred, if not rendered invisible. The specificity of different disciplinary lenses that have different objects of enquiry, methods of analysis, and criteria for truth claims is lost in an overemphasis on everyday knowledge. If teachers are not themselves schooled in the languages of the disciplines that underpin Life Skills they may not be able to give children access to them, nor are they likely to be able to help them understand how different parts of the system relate to one another.


Phenotypic difference for chloroplast development between the normal green (CL1) and the Cy9y9 soybean mutant was observed when the plants were grown under 18W m−2 white or blue light. Under these conditions the mutant soybean accumulated less Chi b, neoxanthin, carotene and less total pigment than the CL1 genotype. Chloroplasts of the Cy9y9 line were deficient in the LHP complex relative to that of chloroplasts from the normal soybean. Specific differences were noted between chloroplasts from plants grown under blue and white light. Accumulations of a 34 kD (PSII) and a 16–17 kD (PSI) membrane polypeptide were decreased by blue light in both soybean genotypes. Blue light induced a greater accumulation of a 32 kD (PSII) polypeptide than white light. Blue light reduced granal thylakoid stacking and increased the proportion of stroma thylakoids compared to those that developed under white light. PSI electron transport activity was stimulated by the blue light treatment more than that of PSII.


A continuous-flow induction plasma accelerator utilizing argon, or argon seeded with mercury vapor, was built and operated. Comparison of this alternating-current system with a previous investigation of a direct-current accelerator indicated that the induction system is more effective at pressures below 1 mm Hg. Vane-deflection measurements indicated that there was an effective pumping action on the neutral gas. (auth)