This paper explores some issues relating to the manner in which communities are re-formed, and publicly articulated moralities are constructed. In part it comprises notes towards a search for productive, if not necessarily positive, ways of describing and analysing the tragic and the dreadful from an anthropological perspective. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken in the Upper Nile Basin in 1983-84 among Acholi-speaking returnees from Uganda in Sudan, and in 1987-88 among Madi-speaking returnees from Sudan in Uganda, it directs attention at some of the processes involved in picking up the pieces following war, and at aspects of the Acholi/Madi relationship, focusing in particular on the ways in which spheres of accountability relate to networks of diachronic identity. The writing of the paper is, in addition, a step towards coming to terms in my own mind with shocking incidents I encountered while in the field, in particular the torture and killing of two women in the hamlet where I was living in August 1988, after they had been accused of sorcery/poisoning (inyinya).1


Background and Purpose Although mice, rats, and other small animals are commonly used for molecular biology research, their use in the evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage is somewhat problematic because of the correspondingly small size of their cerebral vessels. We have already reported that the corrosion cast technique was useful for evaluating newly formed cerebral vessels in neural grafts in these small animals. In the present study we applied the corrosion cast technique to the evaluation of hemolysate-induced cerebral vasospasm in rats and performed three-dimensional analysis for comparison. The casting was done 10 minutes after the hemolysate injection, so that only acute "vasospasm" was assessed. Methods After withdrawal of 0.1 mL cerebrospinal fluid, 0.2 mL hemolysate (n=9) or saline (n=10) was injected into the cisterna magna of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 350 g. Ten minutes later, perfusion of a semipolymerized casting medium was performed at an ...


In order to improve the accuracy of localization in WSN( wireless sensor network) based on RSSI( Received Signal Strength Indicator),a maximum likelihood estimation approach with negative constraints to realize the localization of the unknown nodes is proposed. If there is no communication link between anchor node and unknown node,the negative constraints can be employed to improve the localization accuracy. The main work can be divided into three parts: firstly,the distance based on RSSI from the nodes is measured. Secondly,a series of positive and negative constrains are combined to build the modeling using the maximum likelihood estimation. Finally,particle swarm optimization is employed to find the optimal position. The simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms some existing localization algorithm without negative constrains.


The elimination of natural resources has expanded, increasingly threatening the
communities, habitats, ecosystems and biomes that make up the planet. With the
improper use of these natural resources, the growth of the agricultural frontier, urban
and industrial expansion, many plant and animal species are on the verge of being
extinguished in the midst of so many environmental disasters the impacts of large
enterprises such as illegal (and excessive) among other examples that can cause
loss of diversity. Environmental education must be inserted in society to the point of
being transformed into a synonym of citizenship, we constantly find situations in
which people present in the social environment can not exactly understand what the
real risks and the proportions of the misuse of environmental resources. While the
environment is abruptly disrupted, many species do not reach the expected
reproduction. Other problems occur with the appearance of climate change, the
trafficking of fauna and flora that collaborate with the natural imbalance. The absence
of all this is capable of causing a major collapse on the planet and impairing the
quality of life. This work aimed to raise the awareness of the students of the 8th
grade elementary school of the Municipal School Maurina Rodrigues dos Santos
Municipality of Passira - Pe, In front of this an evaluation exercise was applied before
the actions in order to identify the previous knowledge and an exercise after the
actions. 39 students participated, where actions were taken as a lecture on the main
subjects involving the environment (water, biodiversity, riparian forest and selective
collection). After the lecture, three classes were used for the construction of the
didactic model (model), and the reapplication of the evaluation exercise where we
can verify the results obtained with the students' responses, it was verified that they
perceive importance of preserving the environment, in the However, it is still
necessary to work on environmental education in the school and emphasize themes
aimed at the preservation and awareness of students.


Nuodeng is a historical and cultural village,is still preserved in complete settlement shape,and has a unique cultural landscape.NuoDeng culture landscape characteristics is discussed through the streets,architecture,history,folk custom,religion and other aspects.This paper analyzes the problems existing in Nuodeng,and puts forward some suggestions on cultural landscape protection.


Abstract : The report describes the single-frequency output of the dye laser and a description is given of a spectroscopic method for measurement of the dimer equilibrium constant in Rhodamine-detergemt solutions. A rough comparison of Rhodamine 6G and a new dye of the Rhodamine family and effects encountered in ethanolic solution is discussed and the application of the laser to line-narrowing experiments on Nd in glass and POCl3 is described. A general treatment of the molecular anisotropy effects as they may influence the working of a dye laser is presented. An Appendix (by R. Walters) describes the synthesis of a xanthene dye used for comparison with Rhodamine 6G. (Modified author abstract)


Abstract: Pattern recognition's primary objective is supervised or classification techniques. The statistical method has been the most intensively researched and implemented in practice among the various frameworks in which classification technique has typically been developed. In recent times, neural network techniques and methods based on statistical learning theory have gotten a lot of attention. The following issues must be carefully considered when designing a recognition system: pattern classes, sensing environment, pattern representation, feature extraction and selection, cluster analysis, classifier design, learning, training, test sample selection, and performance evaluation. The overall challenge of detecting intricate forms with modifiable direction, position, and size has not been addressed despite just Fifty years of intensive research. Data mining, web browsing, recovery of multimedia content, face recognition, and cursive handwriting recognition are just a couple of minor new and emerging applications that require strong and fast pattern recognition methods. The intention of this review paper is to summarize and analyze some of the adopted approaches in various phases of a recognition system, as well as to identify areas of research and applications that are at the forefront of innovation in this exciting and challenging field.


This paper proposes an efficient VLSI architecture of fractal image coding for moving pictures. The proposed processor makes use of parallel searching for similar domain blocks by grouping range blocks by identical classes. Furthermore, to encode a moving picture at high-speed, utilizing the domain block information obtained in the coding of a previous frame to code the following frame is employed. According to this architecture, a smaller fractal image coding VLSI can be realized. The architecture is capable of high-speed, real-time encoding not only for still images but also for full-motion pictures using a circuit size. The compression ratios are 2-5 times higher, and the code processing time is 10 times faster than those of conventional fractal techniques. The adoption of the proposed VLSI architecture technique achieves real-time encoding of full-motion videos, and the circuit size of VLSI is much smaller than previously proposed fractal processors.


Among the six MSE earth walls tested on the National Geotechnical Centrifuge at the University of California, Davis, one wall (Wall 2) was provided with uneven reinforcement. There was no catastrophic failure observed in any of the six walls, even though the base excitation was as high as 0.9g. Wall 2 showed the lowest lateral displacement. A relatively simple rigid plastic model for predicting the seismic permanent displacement of MSE walls with uneven reinforcement is presented. It extends an existing model that was developed for MSE walls with uniform reinforcement. The variation of the acceleration in the backfill has been included since significant deamplification in acceleration was observed in the backfill in large excitations. The study reveals that the proposed analytical model captures many aspects of the characteristic behavior of MSE walls under seismic loading. Computed and measured lateral MSE wall displacements were compared and the agreement between them is very good.


The Třebic massif, composed mostly of ultrapotassic igneous rocks known as durbachites (melanogranite to melanosyenite), is the third most radioactive batholith in Czechia. The heavy mineral concentrates panned from bottom sediments of streams flowing across the massif, however, do not show a corresponding regional anomaly. The paper presents results of the first year research project focused on the explanation of this discrepancy. Based on large-scale sampling (117 samples taken at 49 sites), the distribution of U and Th follows the blocky pattern revealed by Bubenicek in 1968. The bulk rock chemistry of Třebic durbachites confirmed their close similarity with other ultrapotassic rocks of the world and the "mixed" nature of their magma (matle / crustal sources). Both major and trace element concentrations indicate their association with collisional (syn- and post-) tectonic settings.


In this correspondence, efficient algorithms are presented for simultaneous calculation of the odd discrete Fourier transform (odd-DFT) and the real DFT. These algorithms are used to derive a new algorithm to calculate the discrete cosine transform (DCT) that is computationally equivalent to the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm for DCT calculation . In addition, odd-DFT properties are exploited to develop a novel algorithm for an inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) calculation that outperforms previous FFT-based solutions for IDCT calculation


Rendering, modeling, and simulating processes in spatially-varying media are complex tasks which typically require tedious mathematical derivations and long development and programming. In this thesis, a framework is presented which allows for fast and casual exploration of ideas for volume-based simulation and modeling. Several applications of the framework are shown, including the simulation of fluid dynamics for computer graphics applications. A procedure for automatically generating OpenCL code from these is given, along with rudimentary examples.


We consider a variational scheme developed in [10] that approximates the equations describing the dynamics of three dimensional motions for isotropic elastic materials; these form a system of conservation laws. We establish the convergence of the time-continuous interpolates constructed in the scheme to a smooth solution of the elastodynamics system by adapting the relative entropy method to the subject of time-discretized approximations and employing the method in an environment with L-theory bounds. keywords: nonlinear second-order hyperbolic equations, nonlinear elasticity, mechanics of deformable bodies, variational approximation scheme.


In the absence of 'the government' as a recognizable entity distinct from the people in Athenian direct democracy, propaganda is horizontal or upward in movement, not downward. This chapter explores the use of oratory in politcial progaganda by groups and individuals in classical Athens.


The Huajian poetry school represented by WEN Tingyun advocated ornamentation and pursued apophasis. The reasons why the poems became the scented and flowery style were not only the results of the literature alternation,but also the circuitous reflections of the social development and cultural changes. It was the the spirit of the time in the Late Tang Dynasty,the poetic awareness and WEN's personal life experience that made the poems present distinctive feminine feature. WEN's poems exhibited the flowery and meticulous feminine lyric features by means of portraying the female images,expressing the feminine emotions tactfully,presenting the sensual images directly and describing the feminine utensils and the living spaces. WEN Tingyun lived in the critical period of the fixation of the poetry. His feminine poetry writing tendency directly influenced posterity's cognition of the poetic styles and led the poetic styles into the right development road with feminine characteristics.


This article mainly introduces the methods for assessing the acceptability of plane flaws based on BS 7910 which is divided to three levels.This assessing method has a far-reaching significance for the actual metallic structures.


At Dresden University of Technology full-scale laboratory tests were executed to investigate the horizontal deformation behavior of different concrete block pavements under dynamic deceleration forces. The tests allow conclusions regarding the applicability of concrete block arrangements.


In this paper, thin oil is used as the boundary layer fluid to carry out the drag reduction experiment of heavyoil. The research shows that when the ratio of the thin oil reaches 45%~50%, the decrement of annular dilution pressure is nearly the same as that of the mixed dilution method, and the annular dilution pressure decreases rapidly with the increasing of dilution ratio; while the ratio reaches 65%,the annular dilution pressure drop is only 25% to 35% of the mixed dilution pressure drop.Fixed thin oil ratio to 50%,when the conveying temperature is higher than 55°C,the annular dilution pressure is lower than the mixed dilution pressure drop; when the ratio is 60%, the annular dilution pressuredrop is lower than the mixed dilution pressure drop in the whole test temperature range, which proves that the drag reduction effect is remarkable.


This study discussed the effect of carbon content on microstructural and abrasive characteristics of high chromium Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys. Six fillers which consisted of chromium and iron powder with different graphite additions were deposited on A36 low carbon steel by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Optical microscope, electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the microstructural constituents. Thermal analysis was used to study solidification behavior. Wear resistance was estimated with sand wheel wear test, and the worn surfaces were observed by optical microscope. This research produced hypoeutectic, near eutectic, and hypereutectic microstructures of Fe–Cr phase, (Cr,Fe)23C6, and (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides on hardfacing alloys, respectively. Morphology of primary Fe-Cr phase with dendrite-like was different from that of primary carbides with hexagonal shape due to solid/liquid interface. The non-faceted interface trended to dendrite growth; faceted interface preferred to polygonal growth. For morphology of eutectic structure, Fe-Cr+(Cr,Fe)23C6 eutectic colony was lamellar, and Fe-Cr+(Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectic colony was rod-like. Moreover, this study found primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides rejected Si atom to remained liquid during solidification process. Pricipitate-free zone occurred in the vicinity of primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides. Eutectic colony hetergenuous nucleated in the ledge of primary carbide. Thermal analsis showed that increase of carbon content casused liquid temperature decreasing, but eutectic temperature was invariable. For cross-section observation, the cross-section analysis indicated epitaxial solidification with planar front growth at the interface between hardfacing and the substrate. Furthermore, eutectic growth existed in the near interface as hardfacing composition fell in the hypereutectic region. Surface hardness of hardfacing alloy increased with carbon content. The increasing eutectic colony enhanced hardness of hypoeutectic hardfacing layer. Hardness of hypereutectic hardfacing layer increased when the fraction of primary carbide increased. With regard of wear test, the relationship between wear loss and sliding distance was linear. The increase in carbon content of hardfacing layer resulted in wear loss. Wear loss was in inverse proportion to hardness of hardfacing layer. Worn surface observation showed that the wear mechanisms in hypoeutectic microstructure were ploughing and micro-cutting. Level of plastic groove transited from severe to mild when the eutectic colony of Fe-Cr+(Cr,Fe)23C6 increased. However discontinuous ploughing and carbide pull-out existed in hypereutectic microstructure. Among all kinds of microstructure the hypereutectic of Fe-Cr and (Cr,Fe)7C3 has the highest wear resistance.


The priesthood was an important group in ancient Egyptian society, especially in the New Kingdom(the 18th -20th Dynasty), the forces of the priests of Amon rapidly developed. They exerted a great influence in ancient Egyptian society. This paper states that the priest of the Amon have obtained the achievements in politics, economy and religion in the earlier 18th Dynasty , and analyses the reasons.


Big Data has become an important and essential tool for data analysis and decision making due to its fast evolution and rapid penetration in the industry. Therefore, ensuring data security has become a real challenge for Big Data platforms. This work proposes a secure communication system through the implementation of a real scenario consisting of a set of software applications related to the acquisition, transformation and analysis of large amounts of information, also known as stack ELK. More precisely, in our proposal the data are sent encrypted from its source in workstations to their storage with encryption format in Elasticsearch, thus guaranteeing its confidentiality. The results show that the efficiency in the process of generation and delivery of data packets is not affected by the encryption process. The process to secure the messages information requires less than 2 millisecond per data packet, which meets the requirements of real-time monitoring.


Market requirements for through-plane thermal conductivity improvements capable of adequately dissipating heat loads from high heat flux semiconductor devices also require that such materials provide coefficient of thermal expansion compatibility to certain package material sets. Higher through-plane conductivity combined with CTE compatibility must be obtained in materials that are cost-effective and capable of displacing existing copper alloys, copper laminates, Kovar, and similar package materials. Applications by market include commercial, military, and industrial electronics and semiconductor modules. Such materials must also meet requirements for stiffness and strength, to prevent distortion under typical clamping forces applied, and have low density relative to copper. Novel uses of carbon fibers and the latest experimental data are introduced, illustrating the use of such carbon fibers inserted into a proven, rigid structural metal matrix composite material that has known practical attributes: CTE compatibility, isotropic thermal conductivity, low density, and high stiffness and strength. The baseline material is manufactured in a cost-effective, net shape process. Comparative data including cost projections for several materials offering both CTE compatibility and various levels of thermal conductivity, isotropic and anisotropic, are given.


We retrospectively reviewed the mid term outcome of 88 MoM THA in 84 patients and 21Hip Resurfacing using Recap Magnum bearing surface performed during 2006 – 2009. There were 41 males and 47 females in the THA group and 17 males and 4 females in the Hip Resurfacing group. All procedures were performed through a posterior approach. The average head size for the THR group was 46mm and the cup size was 52mm and the average head size for the resurfacing was 50mm and cup size was 56mm respectively. Median age for the THA group was 60 yrs. (28–73) and for the Resurfacing it was 51.5 yrs. (32–62). Average follow up was 76 months for the THA group and 78 months for the Resurfacing group. Average serum cobalt for the THA and the Resurfacing groups were 53.2nmol/l (119) and 30.85 and the Chromium levels were 82.44nmol/l(134.5) and 67.49 respectively. Eight MRI scans showed abnormal fluid collections suspicious of ARMD in the THA group and 2 showed fluid collection in the Resurfacing group. There were five revisions in the THA group with the tissue diagnosis of ALVAL. In all except one case a well fixed uncemented stem (Taperloc) was retained. In our series Recap Magnum on a Taperloc stem showed 94% survival at five years and therefore we continue to review the cases annually with serum cobalt chromium levels and MRI scans.


The effect of dietary fiber supplementation on whole gut transit time in the absence of an intact large bowel is not known. To address this question, 39 patients who had undergone a total colectomy and ileorectal anastamosis for familial polyposis were studied. Treatment arms in a controlled chemoprevention trial consisted of a placebo low‐fiber supplement (2 g fiber/day) with or without vitamins or a high‐fiber bran supplement (22 g fiber/day) with vitamins. Whole gut transit time was measured by an oral carmine marker, which was administered before and 4–6 weeks after beginning the fiber supplement. Pretreatment median whole gut transit time was 9.7 ± 9.1 hr (interquartile range; IQR), and the mean daily frequency of bowel movements was four ± two (IQR). After introduction of the treatment fiber, the median intestinal transit in the low‐fiber group (n=26) was 8.5 ± 6.7 hr (IQR), and in the high‐fiber group (n=13) median transit was 8.0 ± 6.8 hr (IQR). There was no difference in the final transit times, nor between the initial and subsequent measurements between the groups. Addition of dietary fiber increased slightly the frequency of bowel movements to a median of six per day. These results indicate that dietary fiber does not affect transit in the stomach and small intestine.


: The teaching of differential equations is a fundamental part of the education of engineering students as a tool for use in a wide variety of applications. A remarkable role in the study of differential equations is occupied by the Wave equation due to the variety of phenomena that it allows to model. The present research aims to describe the teaching of the wave equation from the point of view of its mathematical development and the use of Fourier's theory as a solution method. In the first part of the article the mathematical framework that defines the wave equation is defined, then by the use of case studies the analytical solution of the mathematical model is developed step by step and finally by the application of the computational simulation the behavior of the solution in different circumstances is developed.


1 Abstract This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Navy at Area C of the former Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa., in support of hydrogeological investigations conducted by the Navy to address ground-water contamination in the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were collected, heatpulseflowmeter measurements were made, and borehole television surveys were run in seven boreholes ranging from 31 to 75 feet deep. Caliper logs and borehole television surveys were used to identify fractures and the location of possible water-bearing zones. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to identify fractures that were water-bearing zones. Natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs were used to correlate lithology across the area. Elevated concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were measured in water samples from wells with water-bearing zones in the interval of the aquifer where monitor well HN-23A is screened. Water samples from wells with water-bearing zones above or below this interval had substantially lower concentrations of PCE. Wells screened in this interval yielded less than 0.5 gallon per minute, indicating that the interval has low permeability; this may account for the small areal extent and slow migration of PCE. Introduction The former U.S. Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa. (fig. 1), was acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1944 to convert and modify newly produced aircraft prior to delivery to the Naval Fleet. After World War II, the NAWC served as a research, development, testing, and evaluation center. In 1979, volatile organic compounds were detected in water from the NAWC supply wells. The following year, the Navy implemented a program to identify and evaluate past disposal sites and to control the migration of hazardous material from such sites. Area C is a part of the former NAWC that contained a known disposal site. The NAWC was closed on September 30, 1997, as part of the Base Realignment and Closure Act. Anne's Choice, a residential retirement community, has been constructed over much of Area C. To investigate possible ground-water contamination in Area C, the Navy installed a number of monitor wells and conducted a hydrogeological investigation. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentrations as high as 29 μg/L were measured in water samples from the monitor wells (Halliburton NUS Corporation, 1994). To address ground-water contamination in Area C, the Navy installed a remediation system using six extraction wells, which began operation in 1996. PCE concentrations in two of the wells dropped below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 5 μg/L, and the wells were taken out of service. Concentrations of PCE in water from the remaining four active extraction wells ranged from 3.1 to 25 μg/L during 2006-07. During construction of the retirement community in 2003, monitor well HN-23 was abandoned (with Navy approval), and replacement monitor well HN-23A (fig. 2) was drilled. PCE concentrations in water samples from well HN-23A were as high as 300 μg/L, which was an order of magnitude greater than concentrations from other Area C wells. As a result, the Navy initiated an Area C source investigation. In support of this investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted borehole geophysical logging, made heatpulse-flowmeter measurements, and ran borehole television surveys in seven boreholes to assist in characterization of the aquifer hydrogeological framework. Interpretation of Borehole Geophysical Logs at Area C, Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 2007 By Ronald A. SlotoThis study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Navy at Area C of the former Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa., in support of hydrogeological investigations conducted by the Navy to address ground-water contamination in the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were collected, heatpulseflowmeter measurements were made, and borehole television surveys were run in seven boreholes ranging from 31 to 75 feet deep. Caliper logs and borehole television surveys were used to identify fractures and the location of possible water-bearing zones. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to identify fractures that were water-bearing zones. Natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs were used to correlate lithology across the area. Elevated concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were measured in water samples from wells with water-bearing zones in the interval of the aquifer where monitor well HN-23A is screened. Water samples from wells with water-bearing zones above or below this interval had substantially lower concentrations of PCE. Wells screened in this interval yielded less than 0.5 gallon per minute, indicating that the interval has low permeability; this may account for the small areal extent and slow migration of PCE. Introduction The former U.S. Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa. (fig. 1), was acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1944 to convert and modify newly produced aircraft prior to delivery to the Naval Fleet. After World War II, the NAWC served as a research, development, testing, and evaluation center. In 1979, volatile organic compounds were detected in water from the NAWC supply wells. The following year, the Navy implemented a program to identify and evaluate past disposal sites and to control the migration of hazardous material from such sites. Area C is a part of the former NAWC that contained a known disposal site. The NAWC was closed on September 30, 1997, as part of the Base Realignment and Closure Act. Anne's Choice, a residential retirement community, has been constructed over much of Area C. To investigate possible ground-water contamination in Area C, the Navy installed a number of monitor wells and conducted a hydrogeological investigation. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentrations as high as 29 μg/L were measured in water samples from the monitor wells (Halliburton NUS Corporation, 1994). To address ground-water contamination in Area C, the Navy installed a remediation system using six extraction wells, which began operation in 1996. PCE concentrations in two of the wells dropped below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 5 μg/L, and the wells were taken out of service. Concentrations of PCE in water from the remaining four active extraction wells ranged from 3.1 to 25 μg/L during 2006-07. During construction of the retirement community in 2003, monitor well HN-23 was abandoned (with Navy approval), and replacement monitor well HN-23A (fig. 2) was drilled. PCE concentrations in water samples from well HN-23A were as high as 300 μg/L, which was an order of magnitude greater than concentrations from other Area C wells. As a result, the Navy initiated an Area C source investigation. In support of this investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted borehole geophysical logging, made heatpulse-flowmeter measurements, and ran borehole television surveys in seven boreholes to assist in characterization of the aquifer hydrogeological framework. Interpretation of Borehole Geophysical Logs at Area C, Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 2007 By Ronald A. Sloto 2 Interpretation of Borehole Geophysical Logs at Area C, Former Naval Air Warfare Center, 2007


Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to white matter tract pathology. A core signature involving the corticospinal tracts (CSTs) has been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Raised neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to reflect axonal damage in a range of neurological disorders. The relationship between these two measures was explored.


This paper aims to study the preparation and viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder modified by tetrahydrofuran soluble fraction (THFS) extracted from direct coal liquefaction residue. The modified asphalt binders, which blended with SK-90 (control asphalt binder) and 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% THFS (by weight of SK-90), were fabricated. The preparation process for asphalt binder was optimized in terms of the orthogonal array test strategy and gray correlation analysis results. The properties of asphalt binder were measured by applying Penetration performance grade and Superpave performance grade specifications. In addition, the temperature step and frequency sweep test in Dynamic Shear Rheometer were conducted to predict the rheological behavior, temperature and frequency susceptibility of asphalt binder. The test results suggested the optimal preparation process, such as 150 °C shearing temperature, 45 min shearing time and 4000 rpm shearing rate. Subsequently, the addition of THFS was beneficial in increasing the high-temperature properties but decreased the low-temperature properties and resistance to fatigue. The content analysis of THFS showed the percentage of 4~6% achieved a balance in the high-and-low temperature properties of asphalt binder. The asphalt binder with higher THFS content exhibited higher resistance to rutting and less sensitivity to frequency and temperature.


MeParticle-WeMatter is a participatory simulation in which students play the role of particles. The students "drive" their particle and navigate in a multi-particle environment, as they are pulled or pushed by Lennard-Jones forces. We have used a quasi-experimental setup to study how participating as particles in this environment contributes to learning. The study focuses on an activity in which the students "heat" the particle fluid by colliding with the surrounding particles. 9th grade classrooms were assigned to two conditions: in one group students played the role of particles, and in the other group, students observed the simulation without participating as particles. In the paper we will report on the structure of the simulation as well as the learning gains for the two conditions.


(cid:3) Organic food has become more popular in developed countries over the past ten years mainly due to consumers' food safety awareness and environmental problems. In Spain the market is still small, but store brands are driving growth in this category. Final objectives of this work are to uncover the reasons for buying organic brands and existing barriers for not buying them, and also to obtain some insight into the reasons that may trigger positive or negative consumer attitudes towards organic food branding. As a second objective, the authors study consumer behavior patterns towards organic food products by comparing two different brand types, manufacturer brands and store brands, in order to evaluate brand relevance on consumer choice. The authors study potential consumer preferences between them, revealing brand equity and consumer trust. It is generally accepted in the literature that the drivers for consumption of organic products may be either a "health concern" ("it is good for my health or my children's"), or a "feel good" factor ("it makes me feel better"), the latter being an adaptation of consumer behavior to their ethical values towards the environment and production sustainability. Results from this work allow to understand that the distribution model of organic food has an impact on its price level, and the resulting premium price being one of the main barriers for buying these products. The price gap between organic and "standard" products, together with the merchandizing used at point of sale are two key factors to address when developing the category. The paper concludes that a collaborative sales strategy between manufacturers and distributors would help a distribution model change and foster consumption of this product category in Spain.


The paper thinks that the protection of intellectual property rights system is not perfect, the technology innovation itself is a risk activity, technological innovation of private enterprise talent shortage as a result of technological innovation of private enterprise lack of motivation, by increasing the protection of intellectual property rights, through the sharing mechanism weaken the risk of technological innovation of private enterprises and the establishment of a disciplinary system to enhance the technology innovation intention of private enterprise.


Increasing urbanization related to land pressure and the soil arising from it are aggravating factors of flood risk in urban areas, including storm water runoff. Therefore, urban sanitation networks face an excess of water that exceeds their absorption capacity. This article deals with the effect of impermeability in densely populated urban areas and the function of a combined sewer system under higher rainfall intensities using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The objective is to simulate a possible increase in rainfall intensities for reducing overflow points in the combined sewage system at the study area, which was the city of Ahmed Rachdi, Mila in Algeria. The excessive rainfall intensities were modeled using the SWMM software program to estimate maximum water volumes inside the combined sewage system of the study area. To evaluate the model's performance, a comparison process was used between the values of the flow rates of the pipelines of the sewerage system combined with the design flow rates in the current state and the flow rates of a single modeling of future events available during the study interval. The comparison results showed a good and convergent performance for these models. The results of the flooding volumes using different values of rainfall intensities and different return periods, which were 2, 5, 10 and 25 years, in the modeling of the combined sewage system are 3626, 6888, 8636 and 12676m3, respectively. The suggested scenario included increasing diameters of some pipes in the combined sewage system pipelines. The results using this scenario showed reductions in the total percentage of overflow points from the integrated sewage system of 52.42%, 40.63%, 31.83% and 20.51% using the rainfall intensities for the return periods of 2, 5, 10 and 25 years, respectively. The present study can provide technical support for using software in the planning, controlling and tests of the sewer systems, which contribute to solving the sewer systems' problems.


Trust is a core concept in International Relations (IR), representing a key ingredient in state relations. It was only relatively recently that IR scholars began to probe what trust really is, how it can be studied, and how it affects state relations. In...


This paper discusses ways of how to optimize the psychological environment in classroom and constructing harmonious chemistry class from six perspectives.


Fellow members of the AOSSM, honored guests, friends, and family, it is with much humility but with grateful appreciation that I have had the privilege and honor to serve as your President for the past year. Many of the former presidents of this organization have spoken of the humility that they felt as they assumed office of this fine Society. Several have spoken of their surprise at being elected President. All have spoken of the pride that they felt in being given the opportunity to represent this organization. I am no different. This past year has been a privilege because members of this great Society make it that way. One of the great privileges of the Presidency is the opportunity to share thoughts with you. In Art Boland's Presidential Address one year ago, he asked, &dquo;Who Are We: Are We Orthopaedic Surgeons or Team Physicians?&dquo; This year I thought it would be useful to look at &dquo;Who Are We?&dquo; as an organization. Who, or what, is the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine? Anniversaries are a time to reflect upon the past, evaluate the present, and look to the future. That is why I have chosen this message to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the founding of this great organization.


Abstract Measuring investment risk precisely is critical to investment strategies. In common practice, the most popular measure of risk is standard deviation. However, standard deviation makes no distinction between positive and negative deviations from the mean. Such risk measurement could lead to biased decision making, given that asset returns are generally not symmetrically distributed. In this paper, risk is confined to adverse outcomes that are measured by the negative semi-deviation. By examining Australian Listed Property Trusts (LPTs) for the period of 1985- 2004, this paper illustrates how the differentiation between risk (semi-deviation) and uncertainty (standard deviation) make significant differences in performance measurement and optimal portfolio construction. This paper demonstrates that the concept and application of downside risk is a valuable construct to LPT investment strategies.


The paper has two parts: in the first one, economic aspect of regionalization is considered, in the second a financial one. Regionalization, like every type of decentralization, represents a serious reform of a state and brings upon several expected as well as unexpected although significant effects on political, social, and economic life. Its goal is an improvement of political, social, and economic functions of a state, not their deterioration. Unfortunately, experience of other countries does not support overwhelming optimism. Most frequently, regionalization is done due to political considerations; economic considerations are of secondary importance or even neglected. Such a dominance of political reasoning neglects fundamental principles and arguments of the economic science, standards of rational approach to decentralization, and even economic efficiency and equality between citizens. Because of that, the emphasis in this paper is on economic and financial aspects of regionalization in Serbia. In the first part the author explores economic aspects of regionalization; four state functions (regulation, stabilization, redistribution, and allocation) in decentralized setting; relations between regionalization, deregulation, and privatization; vertical distribution of functions (exclusive functions by the state, exclusive functions by regions, shared functions). After that he explores advantages of the selected model of creating regions and distribution of authorities in Serbia, particularly economic authorities of regions (1. land planning, urban land use, housing; 2. development and maintenance of infrastructure of regional importance and coordination of public utilities in municipalities; 3. agriculture; 4. tourism; 5. forestry 6. hunting and fishing; 7. vocational training and employment; 8. ecology; 9. public works). Separate section is devoted to social protection (financial transfers and institutions). In the second part of the paper (Financing the Regions) the author first examines certain issues in principle (fiscal revenues, vertical and horizontal balance, debts and moral hazard) and then considers topics of financing regions in Serbia, such as revenues subsidies, and debts.


creased residual gastric volumes and a greater risk of vomiting. Consequently the group did not recommend allowing women to eat solid food once in labor. But is there a better way of providing calories? Fluids are preferable to solids and semi-solids as they are cleared from the stomach more quickly, the rate being governed by pH, osmolarity, temperature and fat content. The present study focused on isotonic sports drinks favored by marathon runners. As in their previous work, metabolic disturbance was decreased in the isotonic fluid group when compared with those allowed water only. However, this was not associated with either increased residual gastric volume or excessive vomiting. Unfortunately, data on the pH of stomach contents were not presented. If there were no difference between water and isotonic drinks then perhaps a more liberal policy warrants further investigation. Effects on delivery outcome were not observed but, by the authors' own admission, their study was of insufficient power. This issue is currently being assessed in a larger ongoing study. Labor analgesia has a significant effect on gastric emptying. Regional analgesia allows women to labor without pain and usually (but not always) negates the need for emergency general anesthesia. It is not uncommon for these women to request food during a long labor. It should, though, not be overlooked that large doses of epidural opioids delay gastric emptying, potentially increasing the risk of aspiration.2 But do women request food because they appreciate the possible benefit of caloric intake on delivery outcome or simply because they are hungry? If it is the former we must await the results of larger randomized studies assessing both safety and delivery outcome. However if it is the latter, the prospect of isotonic sports drinks may not be desperately appealing to laboring women. Overall, no matter how small the perceived risk it should never be overlooked that all laboring women are still at risk of aspiration; regional anesthesia for cesarean section is not 100% effective and conversion to general anesthesia is still occasionally required. It is therefore unlikely that anesthesiologists will ever support unlimited oral intake in labor but perhaps a more relaxed policy may not be so unreasonable should further investigation on isotonic sports drinks demonstrate advantages over current policies.


This research aims to test the effectiveness of the Team Accelerated Instruction (TAI) towards the ability of the students to solve math ematics problems based on the ir  initial abilit y . This study is an experiment with 367 students involved as the research sample taken using the cluster  technique. The research variable is the problem-solving ability, the initial ability , and the learning model. A nalysis of variance was used to analyze the data which leads to the conclusions that (1) the TAI is more effective than the  Direct Instruction (DI) ; (2) the students having moderate initial ability performed better compared to the low er and the high er initial ability ; (3) among the students with moderate initial ability , TAI  was more effective to be used than  DI ; and (4) in the implementation of  TAI and DI , the problem solving ability of the students is relative ly similar.


The paper introduces characteristics of Trimble GPS and new RTK enhancement technology. Based on project of 1∶2 000 photogrammetric engineering in Guiyang,the paper analyzes experiment of GPS leveling fitting heightanditsheightfittingaccuracyusingTrimbleGPS5700Receivers,elaboratesinfluencingfactorsofGPSelevation surveying precision and attention problems of substituting geometry leveling for GPS leveling fitting height.


but without evidence of their benefit compared with the treatment with acyclovir alone. These results might be explained by the differences of myelitis immunopathogenesis. In Herpes virus infections, myelitis can be caused by direct infection of the neural cells (inflammation of the spinal cord meninges is coupled with spinal necrosis, demyelination and microglial influx), but also by VZV vasculopathy. In systemic diseases-associated myelitis, pathological data often show vasculitis, and in idiopathic myelitis abnormal activation of the immune system with intraparenchymal or perivascular cellular influx into the spinal cord. Corticosteroids could be useful in the last situations, but not during viral infections. Considering the importance of side-effects in this population, we chose not to associate corticosteroids. Evolution without corticosteroids suggests that this myelitis was a result of direct viral infection. Fourth, another important point to highlight is the absence of re-evaluation of immunosuppressive treatments, especially in older patients. When older patients have longterm immunosuppressive treatment, treatment should be re-assessed every 6–12 months, especially as elderly individuals already have immune deficiency that predisposes them to infections. Our patient was asymptomatic for more than a year, and methotrexate treatment was never stopped. VZV myelitis is a rare complication that must be suspected in cases of neurological symptoms after Herpes zoster, particularly in immunocompromised patients.


Introduction. In modern economic conditions, the ecosystem theory of evolution is developing rapidly. This allows you to form an idea of the created ecological system because of resource conservation and restoration. In addition, with the deterioration and reduction of life expectancy, a sharp increase in morbidity, society is looking for a suitable "panacea" that can influence the negative factors. Most scholars are of the opinion that the national security of the state depends on food, which is why the production and consumption of environmentally friendly products will provide an adequate level of protection of vital interests of society.
The aim of the article is to study the conceptual foundations of organic food production.
Results. It is investigated that ecologically directed production was considered through the prism of organo-biological, biodynamic method, biological (ecological), integrated agricultural production and organic. It is proved that environmentally friendly raw materials are used to produce organic products, in accordance with the approved requirements. The main theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept of "organic agricultural production" and "organic food products" are revealed. The main differences in certain concepts are given.
 Conclusions. The improvement of the essence of the concept of "organic food production" is substantiated, which means the production of products from environmentally friendly raw materials that do not contain genetically modified organisms, chemically synthesized fertilizers and has the appropriate certificates, labeling. It is proved that the priority areas of research are organic farming, crop production, horticulture, berry growing, nut growing and viticulture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, organic processing, organic market research and forecasting. Each individual area is accompanied by different stages of research and have their own tools, mechanisms for their implementation.
Key words: conceptual bases, organic agricultural products, organic food products, research priorities.


Roberts introduces six British artists who, in quest of self discovery, deconstruct personal, social, and apocryphal mythologies. Biographical notes. 36 bibl. ref.


FINANCE COMMITTEE AGENDA 7th Meeting, 2006 (Session 2) Tuesday 7 March 2006 The Committee will meet at 10.00 am in Committee Room 2 to consider the following agenda items: 1. Efficient Government: The Committee will take evidence on the Scottish Executive's Efficient Government Initiative from— Colin Mair, Chief Executive; and Dr. Mark McAteer, Senior Development Manager, Improvement Service for Local Government. 2. Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Bill: The Committee will consider its approach to the Financial Memorandum for the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Bill. 3. Item in private: The Committee will decide whether to consider its draft report on its inquiry into the cost of the Local Authority Single Status Agreement in private at its next meeting and any subsequent meetings. 4. Deprivation Inquiry (in private): The Committee will consider its draft report on its inquiry into deprivation.


The psychology of the Internet is still a new domain, leading exploration of crucial problems which are and can be the main research strategy. An analysis of communication processes could be treated as a background issue. The Internet is governed by the rule of frequency and popularity, especially if we think about its specific tools such as an e-mail or Facebook. Thus the dissertation under the review explores a very important and interesting issue which needs scientific, mainly psychological descriptions and explanations. Furthermore, this kind of research has strong pragmatic aspects social and even political implications as the Internet, in particular social media, are and can be used as a powerful tool to influence people's opinions and attitudes.


With China's entry into the WTO, its influence on higher vocational education in China, direct or indirect, will emerge soon. Under this circumstance, there exist many problems such as backward educational concept, outdated mechanism, and improper talents training system. Within the WTO frame\|work, we should overcome these problems and face the new challenges so as to carry out the change of planned educational system into market one and to innovate the educational concept, system and training model in internationalized background.


The invention discloses a dual working condition refrigeration system for making ice and cold water, which comprises a refrigeration compressor, a condenser and an evaporator serving as ice-making equipment, and also comprises a refrigerant feed pump used for supplying a liquid refrigerant condensed by the condenser to the evaporator. A pipeline between the feed pump and the evaporator is provided with a one-way valve; a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected in parallel with an air return valve and an air return bypass throttle valve; an air outlet of the refrigeration compressor is communicated with the evaporator through a hot air deicing electromagnetic valve for deicing. The dual working condition refrigeration system also comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the water inlet temperature of the evaporator and a controller. The temperature sensor is used as the input of the controller; the evaporation temperature of the evaporator is not controlled; and the controller is connected with the air return valve, the air return bypass throttle valve and the hot air deicing electromagnetic valve and controls the on/off of the air return valve, the air return bypass throttle valve and the hot air deicing electromagnetic valve in various working conditions. The refrigeration system can work under dual working conditions, and has high efficiency.


This paper highlights an unknown but important episode in the life of the journalist W. T. Stead, which, intriguingly, remained unmentioned in Belgian, British, and colonial historiography. It concerns a face-to-face meeting between Stead and Leopold II, King of the Belgians, which certainly did not leave Stead the 'friend of all Kings', as the posthumous article published by the Daily Mirror contended. Based on Stead's own Character Sketches in the Review of Reviews, the paper will show how Stead's perceptions of the scandalous government of the Congo Free State result to a large extent from his own meeting (probably towards the end of 1884) with King Leopold II, and the King's refusal to cooperate with Britain in an improvised rescue of General Gordon in Sudan.


Super resolution (SR) image reconstruction is a technique to recover a high resolution image from several low resolution images using the additional information among them. In this paper,we introduce the applic-ations of SR techniques to remote sensing observing systems. We also give a SR method to multi-temporal remote sensing images.


The paper introduces two cameras optical system, based on stereovision, nowadays used in tyre testing laboratory in dynamic regime. With a help of this non-contact optical system it is possible to determine a sidewall displacement of a tyre at different velocities. We have tested the same type tyres with different internal construction and defined the best properties with the rolling resistance measurement.


Law No. 51 of 2009 concerning the Second Amendment to Law no. 5 of 1986 concerning the Administrative Court (Administrative Court Act) stipulates that there are two types of execution of administrative court decisions, namely automatic execution, and hierarchical execution. In hierarchical execution, legal awareness is needed from the government to carry out court decisions. Often the government is unable or unwilling to implement these decisions for various reasons. This paper uses the Legal-normative method, which is an approach based on legal materials by examining concepts, theories, legal principles and legislation, as well as literatures related to the object of writing. In this paper, it is found that there are decisions of administrative courts that cannot be implemented/executed (non executable) because of the poor quality of the decisions, and because of changes of circumstances. The challenges faced in establishing the administrative court's power and charisma by implementing its decisions according to the legal system theory approach are: 1.) the existence of floating and counterproductive norms, as well as non-executable decisions (sub-system of legal substance); 2.) the absence of officials specifically authorized to enforce implementation of court's decisions (sub-system of legal structure), and 3.) low public trust for the courts (sub-system of legal culture).


The Lower Verde River Valley is a discrete groundwater basin separated from the Phoenix basin by the McDowell Mountains and bounded on all sides by bedrock, (see figure 1). The basin formed during the late Miocene to Pliocene in response to crustal extension during the Basin and Range orogeny. The perennial Verde River flows southward across the valley from Bartlett Dam in the north to its confluence with the Salt River on the east side of Mount McDowell in the south. Two major ephemeral streams join the Verde River within the valley. Camp Creek drains the northwest part of the basin near Humbolt Mesa and enters the Verde River at Needle Rock. Sycamore Creek drains the northeast part of the basin, on the west side of the Mazatzal Mountains, and enters the Verde just north of Fort McDowell. Both streams typically show no surface flow except during periods of extended and heavy rainfall. The purpose of this study is to try to delineate the subsurface geology beneath the Town of Fountain Hills and the Lower Verde River Valley in order to place constraints on the shape and distribution of the groundwater reservoir(s). The surface geology was compiled mostly from recent geologic mapping by workers at the Arizona Geological Survey (see previous work section below) and by students from Arizona State University. The subsurface geology was interpreted from examination of over two hundred well logs obtained from the Arizona Department of Water Resources, combined with structural interpretations based on observed surface geology and geophysical data.


Many publications deal with analysis of the mechanical system of rigid bodies with dry friction between some bodies of the system. For example, in [1] the dynamics of mechanical systems with dry friction elements modeled by set-valued force laws are described by differential inclusions. An equilibrium set of such a differential inclusion corresponds to a stationary mode for which the friction elements are sticking. Popa and coworkers [2] analyze the motion of multibody hybrid systems characterized by switching between constraints, which are defined as different dynamical regimes. Jean and Pratt [3] and Moreau [4], [5] have developed the general motion equations for a system of rigid bodies submitted to usual constraints and forces, and to punctual contacts with dry friction between some bodies of the system. In this paper the nonlinear equation of the Jean and Pratt problem is solved by using linear equaivalence method (LEM). The LEM was introduced by Toma in studying both qualitatively and quantitatively the nonlinear dynamical systems and their solutions (Toma [6]-[8]). LEM and its applications are extensively presented by Toma in a monograph (Toma [9]).


The formation of the physical qualities of a preschooler, taking into account their individual data in order to achieve harmonious physical development, is an important task of the basic general education program of preschool education in the sphere of physical education. The purpose of our research is to study the formation parameters and the level of physical qualities of preschool children in the city of Chelyabinsk. Research methods: questionnaire of parents, assessment of physical qualities using exercises in experimental (n=72) and control groups (n=68): a long jump from a place, throwing a stuffed ball of 1 kg. from behind the head, and beating the ball. An analysis of the primary results revealed differences between the groups, as well as differences in indicators, taking into account gender identity in a number of exercises. In the range of ball throwing, a high level is defined in 59% of boys and 15% of girls. The "Kicking the Ball off the Floor" indicator for girls is higher than for boys, at 33% and 8%, respectively. It should be noted that no significant differences were found in the "Long Jump from a Place" indicators. The results obtained after the implementation of the set of measures give reason to assert the effectiveness of the program for the development of speed-strength qualities, taking into account gender identity.


Summary In a field trial, the effects of five different types of treeshelter on the microclimatic conditions, survival, aerial relative growth rate (RGR) and root growth of Quercus coccifera L. seedlings were compared with the results obtained from seedlings of the same species grown without treeshelters. The tested treeshelter characteristics were: ventilation, height and material of which they were made. During the experiment the microclimatic conditions were monitored in order to control the factors affecting the seedlings' development. Results showed that a brown plastic protector of only 30 cm in height appears to be the most beneficial for biomass growth, both above and below ground. The more extensive development of the root system facilitates a faster growth rate as accessibility to soil water is increased. The benefit gained from such a shelter is probably due to the reduction of radiation inside the protector to around the optimum photosynthetic levels for the species, and also due to a small increase in the temperature compared with values detected in taller protectors. The shelter ventilation did not show a significant effect on root and biomass growth compared with unventilated shelters.


people alike; and with Jody Mason critiquing post-colonial–diaspora theory's too easy celebration of cultural mobility from the perspective of Austin Clarke's and Cecil Foster's novels' depiction of the extreme limits placed on the mobility of Caribbean migrant workers. Part III focuses on cross-pollinations between various Indigeneities and diasporas in Kim's exploration of Marianne Hirsch's concept of Holocaust "postmemory" in the transference of trauma between Jewish-Roma and Japanese diasporas in Kyo Maclear's novel The Letter Opener; in Lily Cho's explorations of a politics of inter-diasporic relation between the Black Atlantic and the Pacific as demonstrated in Richard Fung's video Islands; in Alessandra Capperdoni's reading of Trish Salah's Wanting in Arabic to show how the "trans" in Judith Butler's theory of parodic gender performance cannot account for the racialized queer person's culturally located material body and experience of oppression; and in Deena Rhymes's remarkable reading of writings by Native prisoners that present narratives of personal and collective empowerment, reassertion of community responsibilities, and international political influence in the very belly of the colonial state. Cultural Grammars indicates the generative ferment of current literarycultural studies in Canada that do not take the nation as given, that have developed sophisticated theoretical and analytical tools for engaging with the literatures of Indigeneity and diaspora on their own terms and not as secondary or supplemental to the canons of white civility. As with any edited volume, it is somewhat uneven, and it is far from conclusive. There is unevenness, for example, in the way several essays in the volume show how diasporic perspectives might inform approaches to Indigenous texts, but no essays look to Indigenous perspectives to interpret diasporic works. Nonetheless, the volume succeeds in delineating a grammar that will enable critical dialogues between the many literatures that contend within and regularly exceed the cultural spaces we think of as Canada. DANIEL COLEMAN, Department of English, University of New Brunswick


Perhaps more than any other field, a successful engineering education mandates that engineering students be capable of application of knowledge in a business environment. The ability to apply engineering knowledge in a "real-world" engineering environment is difficult to teach in a traditional classroom setting. In recognition of this dynamic, Oakland University in conjunction with Deloitte Consulting has established the Product Development and Manufacturing (PDM) Center at Oakland University. This paper describes the ways that the PDM Center is being used to support an engineering curriculum that provides a student with both engineering theory and application knowledge. The paper highlights the "virtual company" that the PDM Center employs in all training and educational offerings. Finally the paper describes a unique partnership arrangement the PDM Center has with a number of automotive enterprises which facilitate the development of a superior engineering educational experience.


Gemella infections, including bacteremia and infective endocarditis, are uncommon in humans. We report 2 cases of Gemella haemolysans (G. haemolysans) endocarditis during a 5-year period from an 811-bed university teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. One patient had prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, whereas the other patient had an aortic valve stenosis. In both patients, the presentation was subacute. The infection was complicated by vegetations on the posterior mitral leaflet in the first patient and early posterior paravalvular aortic root abscess formation in the second that required valve repair. The patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics for at least 4 weeks and discharged well. These patients were similar to those previously reported in 1) being male, 2) older, 3) with a prosthetic or abnormal heart valve, and 4) responding well to penicillin and gentamicin therapy. We also describe the epidemiological features of 18 patients with Gemella bacteremia.


Aims:  The presence of Brettanomyces bruxellensis is an important issue during winemaking because of its volatile phenols production capacities. The aim of this study is to provide information on the ability of residual B. bruxellensis populations to multiply and spoil finished wines during storage in bottles.


This article describes my attempt to address both the promise and the limitations of service learning. As a college faculty member who has employed service learning in my classes for fifteen years, I believe that it has the potential to realize many of the objectives of humanist teaching by helping students become empowered and active participants in society. While I have seen many positive outcomes over the years, my experiences have also led me to share the concerns of the critics cited in this article that a volunteer-based "charity" model of service promotes an individualistic and non-sociological perspective that undermines the movement for social change and social justice. The "focused" service learning course described below is my attempt to provide a context for service learning that encourages students to develop a critical consciousness and adopt a structural perspective on social problems. I hope to continue to refine this approach in the years to come.


The exploding of the hydraulic stand tube as working under a mine,is a serve accident.We should analyze the metallurgical structure of the exploded tube,comparing the sample of the exploded tube with the sample of the exploded tube after normalizing treated,find out the reason of exploding and the method to prevent it.


The paper aims to investigate some significant critical issues of the national and international regulation of bank interest rate risk. Particularly, the paper examines the link between internal models and standardized models used by banks to provide financial information to banking authorities and stakeholders.


An emerging class of threats seeks to exploit vulnerabilities and defeat security mechanisms below the software layer. Malicious actors seek to gain persistence in machine firmware and bypass software security boundaries. However, the latest systems are equipped with countermeasures and mitigations that address these threats. These countermeasures include modern interfaces for managing firmware, support for verifying integrity at boot time, hardware virtualization features, and anti-exploitation features. In order to realize these benefits, enterprises must tighten hardware refresh cycles and enable firmware security features when provisioning new systems. This includes traditional desktops, servers, and laptops as well as smartphones and tablets in the rapidly growing mobile ecosystem.


Sexuality and the labour market family production and the labour market sexual servicing and women's employment the condition of women's work.


We have observed a cation with atomic composition [N3O]+ via time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. This cation was observed in the reaction products of detonated liquid nitromethane. The same 58 amu species was observed when protonated, deuterated, and 13C-labeled nitromethane were detonated; therefore, the only possible atomic composition of the cation is [N3O]+. The existence of a metastable form of [N3O]+ has current interest since this cation is isoelectronic with electrically neutral N4. There is interest in the metastability of N4 structures because such species would have very high energy content and would be very powerful explosives and propellants. We present evidence that the [N3O]+ structure we observe is chemically bound. The results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations at various levels of theory are presented for three [N3O]+ structures. These calculations indicate that two of the structures are metastable and have high energy content; calculated vibrational frequencies are presented for t...


Abstract : The study developed the optimal model for establishing a family practice program at Fort Hood, Texas. The objectives determined the area demographics, clinical workload and combined with staff interviews compiled those requirements of a family practice program to support a beneficiary population of 102,000 soldiers, dependent families and retirees. The study concluded that a modified family practice program would assist in the delivery of quality health care with the optimal model as a community-based concept. Recommendations supported the family practice program establishment and the study further recommended a phased scheduling for implementation.


The aim of this study is to provide a conceptual model that links several key variables including supplier relationship management (SRM) and customer relationship management (CRM) of organisational factors (OF) and knowledge management (KM) to enhance quality performance (QP) of Hong Kong watch trade. Literature review was conducted extensively, and the approach employed was conceptualized into a proposed conceptual framework. A conceptual framework was suggested in this paper to enhance QP of Hong Kong watchmaking industry through SRM and CRM of OF, and a mediator KM. The literature review was performed extensively to provide three hypotheses including 1) the OF-KM relationship, 2) the KM-QP relationship, and 3) the OF-QP relationship through the mediator KM. More opportunities were provided in this study for researchers to expand further the research in QP of Hong Kong watchmaking industry on the basis of the theory from knowledge-based view of an organisation. The study attempted to explore good SRM and CRM together with strategic KM to enhance QP of Hong Kong watchmaking industry. The study further supports the importance of the overall determinant of QP of Hong Kong watchmaking industry. According to this study, the mediator KM for the OF-QP relationship can be expected to enhance QP of Hong Kong watchmaking industry since KM mediates the OF-QP relationship. In this connection, the study is significant with both theoretical perspective and practical perspective. A research gap is existed to find out a mediating role of KM in the OF-QP relationship.


There are provided a positive photoresist composition comprising an alkali-soluble resin and a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-(and/or -4-)sulfonic ester of a tetrahydroxy compound having a specific structure, said ester component having a pattern area in the high-performance liquid chromatography determined using ultraviolet rays of 254 nm accounting for 50% or more of the entire pattern area and a positive photoresist composition comprising an alkali-soluble resin and 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-(and/or -4-)sulfonic esters of two kinds of specific polyhydroxy compounds. The positive photoresist is suitable for ultrafine working and ensures high sensitivity and high resolution and is improved with respect to film thickness dependency and standing wave.


Glamour in fashion, which stands for attractive physical feature with certain mystique, has been used without accurate analysis thereof. This thesis is purported to provide comprehensive study of glamour in fashion and to contemplate glamour look reflected in fashion history, thereby to establish the styles of glamour expressed in fashion trends and to provide the basis which can be utilized in the categorical basis of fashion design. For such purposes, this thesis first provides the study on the glamour in fashion, and to conduct a case study by analyzing photographic materials. The glamour expressed in the fashion design can be classified into the following six aesthetic values: luxury, excess, masquerade, appropriation, sensuality and decadence. In the modern history, glamour looks in fashion design started out as so-called Blooming Age Glamour Look, dating from the late nineteenth century to the late 1920s, which was represented by luxurious haute couture style of courtesans. Thereafter Golden Age Glamour Look appeared in the movie costumes in the Hollywood from the late 1920s to mid-1950s. Sensuality, decadence and masquerade are the central features. Subsequently, Pop Age Glamour Look appeared with fashion styles of pop stars, which can be characterized by appropriation and excess. In the 1980s and the 1990s, Glamour Renaissance Look appeared as glamour looks which were spread out to people in various classes, which is characterized by luxury and appropriation. Based upon the foregoing historical survey, there are four representative styles in glamour looks, including (1) luxury glamour derived from Blooming Age Glamour Look, (2) hyperfeminine glamour derived from Golden Age Glamour Look, (3) kitsch glamour derived from Pop Age Glamour Look, and (4) romantic glamour derived from Glamour Renaissance Look.


A convenient synthesis of pyrido[2,1-f]purine.-2,4-di-ones is described by reaction of 6-aminouracil derivatives with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by in situ reaction with pyridine or 4-substituted pyridines. A detailed study of the reaction conditions has been performed and a mechanism involving a 5,5-dibromo derivative is proposed.


This article deals with measures of supporting widows' children under the conditions of the Widows' Houses in Saint Petersburg and Moscow. The aim and the circumstances of accepting sons and daughters of widow mothers and their living in special institutions are characterised in the article. The article pays closer attention to life of the orphanage for the children of the nobels (surveying school named after Maria Feodorovna, Empress consort of All the Russias) in the Widows' House in Saint Petersburg. It was founded specially for orphans. In the school, the boys at the age of 8-16 were provided with accommodation, education and upbringing. The author places greater focus on similarities and differences of this education institution with other boarding schools, causes of its opening and closure, the role of Nicholas I in destiny of orphanage named after Maria Feodorovna, Empress consort of All the Russias. An additional point is that the methods and educational process are examined in the article. The author concludes that this education institution contemplating to give children the religious upbringing, broad education and teaching them surveying profession missed its targets.


The ocular optics and the retina present polarization properties that can be used to improve fundus imaging. In particular, Stokes-Mueller polarimetry will be shown as an alternative technique to image living retinal structures.


Pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT) is the simplest said to be and the most effective treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTs) if it is done properly in a motivated women.

Transpelvic Magnetic Stimulation (TPMS) is useful in women who are not able to effectively contract their pelvic floor muscle.
Pulsed Magnetic Technology (Extracorporeal Magnetic Innervations (ExMI) ) has been developed for stimulation of pelvic floor muscle and approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) in 1998.
It generates pulsed magnetic fields which induces an electrical depolarization of the nerves within the pelvic floor thus causing the pelvic floor muscle to contract.
The advantage of magnetic fields is it penetrates all tissue without significant alteration


In 1992, the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute, Inc. (ARTI) contracted Radian Corporation to ascertain whether an improved accelerated test method or procedure could be developed that would allow prediction of the life of motor insulation materials used in hermetic motors for air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment operated with alternative refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. Phase 1 of the project, Conceptual Design of an accelerated test method and apparatus, was successfully completed in June 1993. The culmination of that effort was the concept of the Simulated Stator Unit (SSU) test. The objective of the Phase 2 limited proof-of-concept demonstration was to: answer specific engineering/design questions; design and construct an analog control sequencer and supporting apparatus; and conduct limited tests to determine the viability of the SSU test concept. This report reviews the SSU test concept, and describes the results through the conclusion of the proof-of-concept prototype tests in March 1995. The technical design issues inherent in transforming any conceptual design to working equipment have been resolved, and two test systems and controllers have been constructed. Pilot tests and three prototype tests have been completed, concluding the current phase of work. One prototype unit was tested without thermal stress loads. Twice daily insulation property measurements (IPMs) on this unit demonstrated that the insulation property measurements themselves did not degrade the SSU.


Gastric cancer (GC) is currently the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. By searching the PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (DCF) regimen compared with epirubicin, cisplatin and fluorouracil (ECF) regimen for gastric carcinoma. Studies were pooled, and the relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Version 12.0 STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Nine relevant articles were included for this meta-analysis study. We observed that the partial response (PR) (RR=1.26, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.58) and the overall response rate (ORR) (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50) in gastric carcinoma patients treatment with DCF was significantly improved than that with ECF. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hemoglobin decline, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, however, the incidence of leukocytopenia in GC patients treatment with DCF is significantly higher than that with ECF. And the incidence of peripheral neuritis in GC patients with DCF was significantly higher than that with ECF (RR=10.26, 95% CI: 3.94~26.76; P=0.506, I2=0%). There was no significant difference in stomatitis, nausea-vomiting and diarrhea. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that Docetaxel based treatment (DCF) showed better palliation and improvement of overall response rate (ORR) as compared with epirubicin based treatment (ECF). The chemotherapy-related toxicity of DCF regimen is acceptable to some extent. The current study, therefore, provides valuable information to help physicians make treatment decisions for their patients with GC.


A field experiment was conducted in the University teaching and train field of Michael Okpara University farm to determine the effect of some soil treatments on wilt disease and to investigate the productivity of Citrillus lanatus under different soil amendments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six (oil palm bunch ash, saw dust ash, kitchen wood ash, termite mound, control and poultry dropping) with three replicates. The results obtained showed that all the amendments exhibited positive anti pathogenic effect against wilt disease of Citrullus lanatus. Among the treatments found effective, include poultry droppings which had the best performance on most parameters tested and significantly at (P< 0.05) and produced the highest number of leaves (46.37), had the highest number of branches (2.58). However, in terms of disease incidence, oil palm bunch ash, saw dust ash, kitchen wood ash (16.70) recorded the least followed by termite mount, poultry droppings(22.2) while data on disease severity saw dust ash and kitchen ash (1.00) have the least. Based on the result of this trial and considering the potency of these organic amendments attention should be paid the use of organic soil treatments by farmers, such as with poultry droppings, kitchen ash, saw dust ash or with oil palm bunch ash for combine aims of wilt disease manage ment and for improved production of Citrillus lanatus.


Plate fifth also contains two figures, in which are shown, 1, the Superficial Fascia of the Female Perintceurn and the Vulvo-Scrotal or Pudendal Sac ; and 2, the Deep Perinaeal Fascia, etc. In the sixth Plate, one figure gives a View from above of the Female Pelvic Organs in their Natural Relations; and a second, the Antero-posterior Relations of the Viscera. In the seventh Plate are four figures: 1, a Perpendicular Section of the Pelvis in the Median Line; 2, a Horizontal Section of the Pelvis through the Body of the Os Pubis, Acetabulum, and Sacro-iliac Jfoint; 3, Perpendicular Section passing upwards through the Middle of both Tubera Ischii; 4, Perpendicular Section from below upwards through the Perineum, about an inch to the left of the Pubic Symphysis. The eighth Plate contains six figures, of which two represent the Nerves of the Unimpregnated Uterus; and the others, a Median Section of the Uterus through the Fallopian Tubes the Pubic Termination of the Round Ligaments ; the


A kind of ether-type polycarboxylate superplasticizers was synthesized by aqueous solution free radical polymerization using allylic polyethylene glycol(APEG),methyl acrylate(MA),acrylic acid(AA),acrylamide(AM) as comonomers and ammonium persulfate(APS) as initiator.The results showed that the optimum reaction condition are as follows: n(APEG): n(MA): n(AA): n(AM) =1: 2: 1: 1.5,and the dosage of ammonium persulfate is 4% of total monomers by mass.The fluidity of cement paste reached 336 mm at the solid dosage of 0.14% and 308 mm 1h later when used in cement system with W/C ratio of 0.29.The stability of this ether-type polycarboxylate quadripolymer superplasticizer remained well after several months.The adaptability of the superplasticizers to four kind cements was researched by the testing of fluidity of cement paste.The result showed poor adaptability of the ether-type superplasticizers but it can be adjusted by increasing the solid dosage.The molecule structure of the synthetic product has been given by FTIR and showed that the comonomers(MA,AA,AM) have copolymerized as main chain and APEG as side chain.


Software development for space applications is characterized by historically grown structures and conservative methods derived from traditional project management. Many of these methods are not easily transferable from normal product development to software development. Project risk is high and delays are the rule due to the many uncertainties regarding the planned cost and time budget, possible requirement changes in later project phases as well as unforeseeable complications. Furthermore, these methods have very limited flexibility and come with highly time-consuming planning, implementation and, if necessary, problem solving. Agile software development does not require that all requirements are known and well-defined at the beginning of the project. The development is incremental and generates a usable and testable software product with every new iteration. This makes the development more flexible and problems can be detected earlier and solved with less effort. Due to the frequent integration into the existing system, a close collaboration is possible across subsystems as well as the customer or the project partners. This increased flexibility and improved cooperation reduces project risk, cost and time until delivery. This paper shows the application of agile software development in the space sector applied to a CubeSat project. Within the student satellite project Munich Orbital Verification Experiment II (MOVE-II) at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) the concept of agile software development was successfully applied to develop the software of the on-board computer within a few months. The agile methods presented in this article demonstrate software development that does not require the final requirements at the beginning of the development process. These methods allow that a new version of the software can be tested and operated after every iteration of the process. The launch of our CubeSat MOVE-II is scheduled for early 2018.


This paper describes the features of intranets and techniques for configuring them. It also discusses expectations for networks such as the Open Computer Network (OCN) that will provide the supporting platforms, the specific benefits of implementing intranets, and their prospect for the future.


Poter argued that the generic business-lever strategies of differentiation and overall cost leadership are generally inconsistent. Usually a firm must make a choice between them or it will become stuck in the middle. Contrary to this view, this article shows that the two strategies are not mutually exclusive and presents a contingency framework in which differentiation can be a means for firms to establish an overall cost leadership position. The paper also discusses that a combination of differentiation and low cost may be necessary for firms to establish a sustainable competitive advantage in the supercompetitive environment.


Learning by working in groups can be an educationally productive technique that enhances students' learning in tertiary business classes. This study gives an insight into how the benefits of peer group learning as posited by Biggs (1999) applied to the group learning experience in an Australian University. To do this, exploratory research using depth interviews was conducted with students who worked on an assessment task in small groups of three to four students, in two different business subjects. This research investigated whether the learning outcomes matched those of effective peer learning, as specified by Biggs (J 999). The findings indicated that positive outcomes applied to both groups' description of their learning experience, and that this outcome was not based on ethnicity or culture, but on a degree of shared values in regards to a work ethic and expected outcomes. The research suggested that for a productive outcome from a group's assessment task, students need to have an input into choosing their group members; share a common work ethic; and that they should be required to connect the different parts of a project by demonstrating to the lecturers an understanding of the task as a whole. In response to these findings, the paper suggests ways to assist achieving deep learning outcomes through group assessment tasks.


A wind turbine blade is described, as well as a trailing edge plate for a wind turbine blade. A flexible flow modulation device, e.g. an acoustic flap or a plurality of serrations, is arranged at the trailing edge of a wind turbine blade, wherein the flexible device is coupled to at least one aerodynamic device, preferably vortex generators. As the flexible device is bent by action of flow over the wind turbine blade, the at least one aerodynamic device is deployed to provide for attached flow over the bent flexible device.


BaAlBO3F2:xEu3+ (0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of Al2O3, Eu2O3, H3BO3, BaCO3, and NH4F (air, 850 °C, 5 h).


Foreign carrot varieties with desirable morphological traits for the local and global markets must bloom in low temperatures for a long period of time in Egypt, but these climatic conditions are not available for flowering and seed production for these varieties, so it is common to import carrot seeds from abroad. On the other hand, Local cultivars bloom earlier when planted later than the advised date. Due to the heat, it cannot be grown throughout the summer. Pushing the somatic cells to divide and create a new polarity is necessary for the induction of tissues in the lab and the creation of somatic embryos. It was shown that several auxins play a crucial role in the development of these embryos, particularly 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of five procedures in a tissue culture laboratory using two concentrations of 2, 4-D at a concentration of 2.5 and 5 mg/l for indirect somatic embryos induction from sexual embryos produced from culturing carrot  (Daucus carota) seeds of Carrot cv. Kuroda (an heirloom variety). The results confirmed by scanning electron microscopy showed that it is crucial to compare the various processes used to create somatic Embryogenesis to assess their effectiveness. The four stages of somatic embryos, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon form, were observed on the formed callus. The highest amounts of callus fresh weight, the number of globular-shaped stage embryos, the number of heart-shaped stage embryos, the number of torpedo-shaped stage embryos, the number of cotyledon-shaped stage embryos, and the number of seedlings had been recorded in the media supplemented with 2, 4-D at a concentration of 5 mg. This study was able to produce somatic embryos of the foreign carrot cv. Kuroda, Plants obtained from somatic embryos are included in selection programs to produce varieties resistant to early flowering under Egyptian conditions. These results constitute a step in the way in the field of improving bolting-resistant new local cultivars of heirloom carrot cultivars (Daucus  carota) under Egyptian conditions.


A fine synchronization method for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) based on Channel Impulse Response(CIR) is proposed.CIR is estimated by Least Square(LS) channel with suppressing the effect of energy leakage under non-ideal synchronization,and the estimation result is timed.The window function based on CIR is also introduced.Simulation experimental results show this method can overcome the demerits of time lags for traditional relevant methods,and achieve higher estimation accuracy.


The gap between theory and practice in social work has been the subject of considerable debate over recent years. This study aims at exploring the reasons for the gap between theory and practice in Kuwait, and the most significant reason for this gap. A convenient sample of 342 participated from different institutions. The results showed that the major reasons for the gap were job challenges and requirements, followed by curriculum, job description, and self-development. Results also showed significant differences between gender, type of university, major of the participants, and the institutions in which the participants work.


The movement way of Lophophorus sclateri was directly observed at Danaozi in Mt.Gaoligongshan in Januaries of 2002 and 2003,and habitat preference of the pheasant was sampled by transect and quadrant methods.The pheasant usually glided down,and always walked up.Three sleeping sites were found on steep slopes with high canopy density,and close to the valley.The pheasant shifted down in winter,which may be related to heavier snow in higher locations,resulting in a dense use of the belt close to the valley.The movement way and pattern of habitat use are clearly bound to maximize foraging effectiveness and minimize energy expenditure.


The requirement on sampling speed of signal system is much more strict in smart grid period.In this paper,a rapid signal sampling system was built in which the sampling platform was high-performance DSP TMS28335 and the high-speed sampling conversion devices was AD7656-1.Hardware and software interface design of DSP and AD7656-1 was introduced in detail.The software architecture of the whole system was also explained briefly.The result of the substation's field operation shows the accuracy and resolution of the devices based on the sampling system fully satisfied the smart grid sampling requirements and design specifications.


Examination of the cases in which this influence is favorable or contrary. It is contrary to the one who, in the game of heads and tails, wagers to bring forth heads an odd number of times, in an even number of trials. Means to correct this influence. N o 34.


The successful application of roof bed separation system realized synchronization monitor and can carry out effective ore pressure analysis.It can validate and amend the initial design.After discover roof bed separation being transfinite,it can reinforced the tunnel in time,which has ensured the safety of drift supporting and easy to control information in production place.


ABSTRACTBackground: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a health problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Research Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of ARI patients in children under five at Sudiang Raya Public Health Center. Methods: The study was a descriptive study using an observational approach to describe the characteristics of ARI patients at the Sudiang Raya Community Health Center. The characteristics referred to are gender, age, nutritional status, and environmental factors. Results: From 250 people it can be seen that the number of male patients with ISPA is 124 (49.6%) and the number of female patients with ARI is 126 people (50.4%). The number of children over 5 years was 68 (27.2%). Meanwhile, the number of children aged 3-5 years was 90 (36.0%) and patients under 3 years old were 92 (36.8%). The number of child patients who experienced good nutrition was 52 (20.8%). While the number of children with malnutrition was 112 (44.8%) and 86 children with bad nutrition(34.4%). It is known that there are 194 smokers in the family (77.6%). . Meanwhile, there are no smokers in the family of 56 people (22.4%). Conclusion: By referring to the results obtained, it can be said that not only by using drugs can control ARI cases in children under five, but controlling for several risk factors can also reduce the incidence of ARI in toddlers.


Suppose R is a lower semicontinuous convex function on a Banach space E. A new result is obtained relating the directional derivatives of h and its subgradients: if I is a tangent line at some point z in graph h then a hyperplane can be found in E X R which supports epigraph h at a point close to z and almost contains I. This theorem is applied to get a formula for the directional derivative of h at a point in terms of the derivatives in the same direction of subgradients at nearby points. This formula is used to obtain several known results including the maximal monotonicity of the subdifferential of h and the uniqueness of h with a given subdifferential. The main lemma takes a point nn a closed convex set C, and a bounded set X, all in a Banach space E, and gives conditions under which there exists a hyperplane which supports Cat a point close to z and separates C and X.


Abstract:The first of John Henry Newman's Oxford University Sermons is often neglected as an integral part of this collection. Yet Newman considered these individual sermons as a unit. There is an important theme that runs unchanged from the first to the last of these Sermons: the primacy of faith over human reason. The main burden of his first Sermon is the need for its hearers to return to their "early, religious training." Although the worth of human reason is much amplified in his last Sermon, even there faith remains paramount. Newman depicted faith in his fifteenth Sermon as the chief form of human knowledge, as the bedrock and the guarantor of every other form of human knowledge: the one thing necessary is the childlike "obedience of Faith."


Results: Hamartomas are defined as a congenital malformation that consists of a focus of mature, locally derived tissue with abnormal histological architecture. Hamartomas affecting the larynx are extremely rare, with less than twenty well-documented cases in the literature. We report the first case in the English language literature of a patient with a laryngeal hamartoma presenting with a vocal cord paralysis secondary to involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We also report a case of a large supraglottic hamartoma causing airway obstruction and requiring a partial laryngectomy.