When communicating across a channel, it is inevitable that such pathways of communication be "noisy", thus there is always some sort of interference across the channel. This results in messages not always being received as they were sent. In order to solve these problems, coding theory developed and is used both to detect and correct errors. It is used for data compression, error correction, cryptography and network coding. In error correction, a concentration on algebraic coding theory lies with linear codes, including cyclic and constacyclic codes. In this poster presentation, we will discuss the history of coding theory, going in depth with cyclic and constacyclic codes, as well as discussing applications and current problems being resolved using algebraic coding theory. Definitions ∞ Coding Theory is the study of methods for efficient and accurate transfer of information from one place to another; finding noise and correcting errors ∞ Code is a set of codewords. A block code is a set of codewords of the same length ∞ Codewords are the words belonging to a given code; made up of digits ∞ A channel is the physical medium through which the information is transmitted. A binary channel only sends digits of 0 or 1. ∞ Noise is the undesirable disturbances which may cause information received to differ from that which was sent ∞ Length is the number of digits in a codeword ∞ A binary channel is symmetric if 0 and 1 are transmitted in equal accuracy. ∞ The information rate is a number designed to measure the proportion of each codeword that is carrying the message 1 n log2 C code c of length n ∞ The Hamming weight is the number of times the digit 1 occurs in a codeword v, denoted wt(v). ∞ The Hamming distance is the number of positions in which w and v disagree, denoted d(v,w) ∞ Parity Digit is an added digit that follows a certain algorithm to reduce errors ∞ A code C of distance d is an error correcting code if it detects all error patterns of weight less than or equal to (d-1) and there is at least one error pattern of weight d which C will not detect. ∞ A cyclic code is a block code where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code, error-correcting τ(x0, x1, ... , xn−1) = (xn−1 , x0, x1, ... , xn−2) ∞ A constacyclic code is a cyclic code where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code with the first symbol being a ⋋–tuple τ⋋(x0, x1, ... , xn−1) = (⋋ xn−1 , x0, x1, ... , xn−2) ∞ A negacyclic code is a cyclic code where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code with the first symbol changing sign v(x0, x1, ... , xn−1) = (−xn−1, x0, x1, ... , xn−2) Jillian Gaietto, Senior, Pure Mathematics, Kent State University Advisor: Hai Q. Dinh, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics, Kent State University ∞ Deep space communication is communication between earth stations and remote spacecraft, other planets, or space beyond Earth's gravitational field. ∞ Channel coding major solution to deep space issues ∞ Traditionally used concatenation of convolutional code and Reed-Solomon codes. c x = (c1 x , c2 x ,..., cn x ) = (m x g1 x , m x g2 x , ... , m x gn x ) ∞ By adding specific types of redundancy, can recover data perfectly with high probability, even under huge amounts of noise ∞ Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) are on a matrix containing only a few ones in each row and column ∞ LDPC decoded on parity check matrix which grows larger as the code rate is decreased, low rate LDPC more complex ∞ Turbo codes are constructed by applying 2 or more simple to decode encoding rules to different permutations of the same information sequence, achieve data rates more near Shannon limit (theoretical max) ∞ Turbo codes decoded on trellises with one trellis per information bit corresponding to several code symbols ∞ LDPC now international standard while Turbo codes are used for extremely long transmissions(outer planets or outside solar system) Resources: http://www.usna.edu/Users/math/wdj/_files/documents/reed-sol.htm ; http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~guyb/realworld/reedsolomon/reed_solomon_ ; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jun/22/shannon-information ; https://www.technologyreview.com/s/420369/code-quest/ ; Cyclic Codes & Reed Solomon Codes by John MacLaaren Walsh, ECES 421, Spring, 2013 ; Introduction to Coding Theory, Massoud Malek, California State University ; http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.123.2977&rep=rep1&type=pdf ; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/mona-lisa.html ; http://scienceandtechnology.jpl.nasa.gov/research/research-topics-list/communications-computing-software/deep-space-communications ; Concatenated Turbo/LDPC Codes for Deep Space Communications: Performance and Impementation, Carol Condo,2013 ; Performance Study of a Deep Space Communications system with LDPC under Solar Scintillation, Qi Li,2012 ; A Survey of Deep Space Comunication, Zhang Gengxin,2011; Coding Theory and Cryptography, The Essentials History Compact Disc (CD) ∞ Reed-Solomon Codes with binary digits represented on the disc as pits and lands, first instituted in 1982 ∞ Code is so strong most playback error comes from tracking errors causing the laser to jump tracks ∞ Reed-Solomon codes discovered in 1960 by Irving Reed and Gustave Solomon. ∞ Can detect and correct multiple errors, including burst errors. ∞ Can correct a burst error of up to 4000 bad bits, or a physical defect of 2.47 mm long through parity digits and interleaving. ∞ Interpolation can conceal errors up to 13,700 bits of 8.5 mm long ∞ Two layers of Reed-Solomon code separated by a 28-way convolutional interleaver, Cross-Interleaved ReedSolomon Code (CIRC) ∞ Codewords consist of all function tables of polynomials of degree less than k over the finite field with n elements (n is prime) ∞ Interpret k given symbols as the first segment of the function table. Remaining n-k symbols be generated by evaluating polynomial at points ∞ Since n transmitted symbols from an overdetermined system that specifies polynomial of degree less than k, Interpolation can recover original message ∞ Adds a parity digits to every three ∞ 1st Circle: relatively weak ReedSolomon (32,28), can correct up to 2 bit errors in 32 bit block and flags erasures with more than 2 bit ∞ 2nd Circle: Reed-Solomon (28,24) can correct up to 4 erasures per block ∞ CIRC interleaves audio frames through disc over several consecutive frame ∞ A physical frame contains information from many audio frames. This adds 64 bits of error correction data to each frame. 8 bits of subcode added to each frame Deep Space Communication Department of Mathematical Sciences College of Art and Sciences


An automated search for metal-poor stars is carried out in the course of the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES), which covers the full southern sky at Galactic latitudes |b| \gtrsim 30 degrees. As the HES reaches approx. 1 magnitude deeper and covers areas of the sky which have not been touched by the HK Survey of Beers and collaborators, the total survey volume of the HES represents an increase by a factor of 4.5 compared to the HK Survey. Because of the limited availability of telescope time for spectroscopic follow-up observations, we will focus on a search for the most metal-poor, unevolved stars. We present a simulation study of the HES selection function P(B_J, T_eff, [Fe/H], log g) for metal-poor stars, and results from a first follow-up campaign at the ESO-NTT.


This paper is mainly concerned with regeneration of adsorption polymeric resin by microwave.The principle of regeneration of polymeric resin using microwave radiation was presented.Adsorption of ethanol on the resin and its desorption from the resin using microwave radiation were studied. Experiments of cocurrent desorption and countercurrent desorption of ethanol from the polymeric resin in a fixed bed using microwave radiation were conducted, and the corresponding elution curves of ethanol desorption and the temperature-rise curves of the fixed bed were respectively measured. Comparisons between the desorption elution curves obtained separately by using microwave radiation and direct heating were made. The desorption rate of ethanol by microwave radiation was higher than that by heating. The polymeric resin used in this work is semi-transparent to microwave and its ability to absorb microwave decreases with increase in temperature. Therefore, with temperature rise and desorption of adsorbate under microwave radiation, the ability of the fixed bed to absorb microwave gradually weakens and thus the final temperature of the fixed bed does not exceed 84℃. The use of microwave radiation to regenerate adsorption resin will be promising.


The Nez Perce language, a highly endangered American Indigenous language, has been of great interest in phonology over the years due to its unusual vowel system and vowel harmony process. It has five monophthongs and seven diphthongs, all with phonemic length. This system is unusual because rather than /i, e, a, o, u/ as is common, the Nez Perce inventory is /i, ae, a, o, u/. This uncommon inventory leads to two seemingly unrelated dominant, /i, a, o/, and recessive, /i, ae, u/, vowel harmony groups. To date there has been no phonetic analysis of the vowel system. This paper provides an acoustic analysis of the vowels as well as the vowel harmony system. Five native speakers (two male and three female) were used to analyze the vowels and the three female native speakers were used for the vowel harmony study. Results support the current vowel system analysis for Nez Perce. The vowel harmony data lends support to the current advanced tongue root analysis; however it also poses questions for future research.


: There has been increasing interest, in the past decade, in bio-mediated approaches to soil improvement for geotechnical applications. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been investigated asa potentially sustainable method for the strengthening and stabilisation of soil structures. This paper presents the results of a study on the e ff ect of jute fibres on both the MICP process and properties of biocemented sand. Ureolytic Sporosarcina pasteurii has been used to produce biocemented soil columns via MICP in the laboratory. Results showed that columns containing 0.75% (by weight of sand) untreated jute fibres had unconfined compressive strengths approximately six times greater on average compared to biocemented sand columns without jute fibres. Furthermore, e ffi ciency of chemical conversion was found to be higher in columns containing jute fibres, as measured using ion chromatography. Columns containing jute had calcimeter measured CaCO 3 contents at least three times those containing sand only. The results showed that incorporation of jute fibres into the biocemented sand material had a beneficial e ff ect, resulting in stimulation of bacterial activity, thus sustaining the MICP process during the twelve-day treatment process. This study also explores the potential of jute fibres in self-healing MICP systems.


The Canon of Internal Medicine,as the head of the four classics of basic theories of Chinese Medicine,is respected as "the great master of medicine" for thousands of years,which contains the rich contents of geography,astronomy,meteorology,philosophy,mathematics,psychology,genetics and systematology,especially the effect of geographic environment on man.This article mainly discusses the terrain position,climate and resident characteristics.


continued on page 6 During the past twelve months, professional activities related to impact assessment have taken me to twelve different countries and five continents. From the world's poorest to its richest, from the most corrupt to the most honourable, from South to North and East to West, I have come into contact with politicians and peasants, rich and poor, scientists and sociologists, international and local NGOs, CBOs of various types, the world's largest impact assessment consultancies and one-person consultancies, some of the world's largest businesses as well as small village-based self help schemes, international financial institutions and small micro-credit schemes. Why tell you this? Because in my personal experience, everywhere and across the entire spectrum of persons, there is a common theme: disillusionment with measures designed to promote sustainable development, and scepticism that impact assessments are in fact contributing to better decisions, be they environmental or economic, health or heritage, social or strategic in nature.


The invention discloses an application of silver halide composite materials in preparing carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon under visible-light catalysis. The silver halide composite materials are composed of AgX and conductive carriers, such as graphite (GP), expanded graphite (EGP), graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotube (CNT), granular activated carbon (GAC), zeolite, TiO2 and the like, thus forming AgX/flake graphite, AgX/EGP, AgX/graphene, AgX/CNT, AgX/GAC, AgX/zeolite and AgX/TiO2 and the like. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the silver halide composite materials, in which the AgX is evenly dispersed on the carrier surfaces with the aid of cationic surfactant by wet co-precipitation. The silver halide composite materials provided by the invention can efficiently utilize the sunlight, wherein the AgX is excitated under the visible light, and electrons generated are transferred from an AgX conduction band to the conductive-carrier surfaces, thus improving catalytic activity and stability of the silver halide composite materials under visible light.


The yield ratio of Sc/sup 44m//Sc/sup 44/ was measured in Sc/sup 45/ ( alpha , alpha n)Sc/sup 44/ reactions with helium ions of energies between 20 and 43 Mev and at 320 Mev. The measured ratio was nearly constant at a value of 1.5 between 20 and 43 Mev and was 0.62 at 320 Mev. The Sc/sup 44m//Sc/sup 44/ ratio was measured in K/sup 41/( alpha ,n)Sc/sup 44/ reactions at 10 and 43 Mev with values of 0.3 and 0.9, respectively. The isomer ratio was calculated for the K/ sup 41/(10-Mev alpha ,n)Sc/sup 44/ reaction by means of a compoundnucleus model, and for the Sc/sup 45/(320-Mev alpha , alpha n)Sc/sup 44/ reaction by means of a classical knock-on model. The calculated ratios were 0.32 and 0.51, respectively. (auth)


Sociology of Population is a branch of Demography,and is an elementary part in the knowledge system of Demography.The definitions on Sociology of Population provide by the scholars home and abroad are categorized and analyzed,arguing that the Sociology of Population is a population science studying the activities and problems of population applying the points,theories and approaches of sociology and Demography,etc.The objective of Sociology of Population is presenting the general principles of population activities,improving the modernization of population actives and social improvement,and explaining the system and contents for research on Sociology of Population.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of antimony release from glass infusion bottles of drug packaging materials by ICP-AES.METHODS Sample solutions were directly determined by ICP-AES.RESULTS A good linearity was obtained(r = 0.999 92).The detection limit was 0.063 5mg/L.The recovery rate was 97.12%.RSD was 3.40%.CONCLUSION The method is simple and fast with high sensitivity.


The characteristics of the energy transfer and nonlinear coupling among edge electromagnetic turbulence have been dedicatedly studied in various discharge stages at the sino-united spherical tokamak using multiple Langmuir and magnetic probe arrays. The wavelet bispectral analysis and the modified Kim's method are applied to investigate turbulence properties and their linear growth/damping and nonlinear energy transfer rates, along with multi-field turbulence interactions. The results show diverse features in the linear growth and nonlinear energy transfer between multi-field fluctuations during the current ramp-up, stationary, and internal connection event discharge phases. The diversity implies the importance to develop more sophisticated multi-field models to directly estimate the energy transfer rate among multiple turbulent fields.


In this latest note, Richard Lankshear sets out a number of key principles to help maximise the effectiveness of meetings.


Many languages have phonological distinctions of quantity in consonants or vowels or both. Among them, Italian is known for its word-medial intervocalic short and long consonants, while Pattani Malay (Abramson, 1987) has word-initial prevocalic short and long consonants. Swedish, some dialects of German, and Thai have short and long vowels. Finnish has a length distinction for both consonants and vowels. Such distinctive length in segments is to be distinguished, of course, from other communicatively relevant roles oftiming in speech, e.g., in stress and intonation. The obvious physical correlate of the length distinction in phonetic segments is relative duration. That is, in the simplest case, the articulatory configuration is held longer for the "long" segment than for the "short" one. Limiting our attention here to vowels, we note an important observation made by Daniel Jones (1950, p. 28): "In languages where vowel length is significant it very often happens that the quality of a long vowel is not quite the same as that of the corresponding short vowel." Ilse Lehiste (1970, pp. 30-33) amplifies the point by commenting that in "quantity" languages some differences in the phonetic quality of short and long vowels can he observed, although such languages differ somewhat in the amount of correlation between length and quality. To the


Continuous quantitative sampling of neustonic insect populations presents some difficulties. Many insects of the neuston are not attracted to light traps or are attracted only during certain types of weather. Some neustonic insects are active both day and night, but some species are either diurnal or nocturnal in their activity. In addition, the nocturnal habits of a large majority of neustonic insects are unknown. Conceivably, some of these problems could be overcome by systematic use of special floating traps. One of these employs a detergent to trap the insects. This trap, devised by Grigarick (1959), consists of a detergent solution contained in a shallow pan held within a wooden frame float. The float is anchored on the corners with dowels and can be equipped with a rain shield. Grigarick designed the device to trap adults of Hydrellia griseola (Fallen) (Diptera: Ephydridae), which alight upon and skate over the water surface. Flies attempting to settle upon the trap solution sink, probably because of the destruction of their tarsal hydrofuge oils and the decrease of the surface tension by the detergent.


The highly-oriented collagen fibrils that paralleled to one (rubbing) direction were fabricated by which the collagen molecular solution was spin-coated and self-assembled on the rubbed polyimide film. Subsequently, the hydroxyapatite crystals were precipitated on the collagen fibrils by immersing into simulated body fluid. In details, the carboxyl groups on the collagen fibrils were used as a reaction field for adsorption of Ca2+ ions and promoted the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. As a result, the hydroxyapatite crystals grew along the a-axis leading to the formation of stable interfaces between hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibrils. Moreover, the oriented collagen fibril arrays were more useful for the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite. Therefore, we successfully fabricated the highly-oriented collagen fibril arrays which were useful for the precipitation of hydroxyapatite crystals.


BACKGROUND Cables are widely used in trauma and orthopaedics and the traditional technique advocates only a single use per cable. Over the past year in Tunbridge Wells Hospital, we have used 70 Biomet cables (Zimmer Biomet) with 32 sleeves and 12 cable plates. This new technique enables each cable to be used at least twice. If we predict that cables were used in multiples of two, this technique would save our hospital £5,625. Applied nationally in the same way, there is potential for a £2.5 million saving.


Novel diode structures without the shallow trench isolation (STI) across the p/n junction for ESD protection in a 0.15-/spl mu/m CMOS process are proposed. A NMOS (PMOS) is especially inserted into the diode structure to form the NMOS-bounded (PMOS-bounded) diode, which is used to block the STI isolation across the p/n junction in the diode structure. Without the STI boundary across the p/n junction of diode structure, the proposed PMOS-bounded and NMOS-bounded diodes can provide more effective protection to the internal circuits, as compared to the other diode structures under reverse-biased condition. Such PMOS-bounded and NMOS-bounded diodes are fully process-compatible to general CMOS processes without additional process modification or mask layers.


We demonstrate that the reciprocal lattice in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of single photons with orbital angular momentum passing through an equilateral triangular slit provides quantitative information of the total amount of orbital angular momentum.


Summary Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) can make an important contribution to environmental modelling. Together they can be used to manage and provide necessary input data and to analyse and visualise the model results. The article describes a class system that provides access to tabular data stored in a relational database and associated geo-data using RDBMS and GIS capabilities. They form an interface to the information system GSfM - GIS Support for the Multiscale Climate-Chemistry-Model (MCCM) that has been developed at the Institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. GSfM is used to provide various input data for MCCM such as land use, soil texture, digital elevation, anthropogenic emissions, and to process its output in related mapping activities. The interface allows a major quality improvement of a BVOC inventory by provision of plant species‐specific land use, foliar biomass data and emission rates.


The results of experimental issues on plane stress-strain state of steel pipes specimens by residual magnetic field strength and coercive force of metal are given. The results of these experiments comply with the fundamental symbolic expressions for magnetic diagnostic parameters depended on equivalent mechanical strain of metal in plane stress-strain state. The experimental results show the validity of the analytic expressions determining the dependence of field gradient of residual magnetization of metal in deformed and being deformed wrought steel products and the coercive force of deformed steel products on effective mechanical stress. Experiments revealed stability of magneto-elastic sensitivity of remanent magnetization derived from formulae for single-axis and plane stress-strain state. It is shown that evaluation of effective values of residual and total mechanical strains of steel part in conditions of plane stress-strain state can be correctly carried out on experimental dependence of residual magnetic field strength on mechanical strain of metal obtained in one-axial stress-strain state conditions. On the basis of experimental data and expressions for residual magnetic field strength and coercive force in plane stress-strain state conditions the effective values of residual and total mechanical strains of steel pipes specimens are determined. It is shown that actual values and signs of circular and axial residual mechanical strains of steel pipe metal essentially determines the behavior of coercive force in plane stress-strain state conditions, which may differ significantly from the case in linear loading conditions. Comparison of steel pipes plane stress-strain state investigation results obtained on specimens made from different structural steels by evaluation on residual magnetic field strength and coercive force of metal are in good agreement one with another.


Since 1990s,major English-speaking advanced countries like the US,the UK,Canada and Australia have generally been growing faster then major non-English-speaking ones like Japan,Germany,France and Italy.This holds for economic growth rate,growth in GDP per capita,unemployment rate and labor productivity.The reason for the gap are as follows: Major non-English-speaking countries missed the opportunity for developing the new economy in 1990s due to mistakes in macroeconomic policy and failed to restructuring their industries.Combined with the negative impact of powerful "interested groups",this has slowed down their growth rate.By contrast,major English-speaking countries have quickened economic development by actively promoting economic reforms,readjusting industrial structure,emphasizing technological innovation and boosting productivity,and making full use the global advantage of the English language.


The crosslink densities of rubber vulcanizates cured by a sulfur accelerator system are changed by thermal aging. Change of the crosslink density occurs by formation of new crosslinks and dissociation of existing crosslinks. Crosslink density change of a rubber vulcanizate with a high sulfur content after thermal aging was larger than that with a low sulfur content. Permanent deformation of a rubber vulcanizate results from the crosslink density change by thermal aging under the deformed state. Strain applied to a rubber vulcanizate affects the change of crosslink density. The crosslink density of the more strained vulcanizate was changed by thermal aging more than those of the less strained one. Ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM) is a weatherresistant rubber and has slow cure characteristics of long induction time and slow cure rate. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) is oil-resistant rubber and has fast cure characteristics of short induction time and fast cure rate. EPDM and NBR have different chemical properties each other. EPDM is nonpolar and has slow cure characteristics, whereas NBR is polar and has fast cure characteristics. In this work, we studied changes of crosslink densities of EPDM and NBR vulcanizates by thermal aging at high temperatures of 70-100 C for long time of 180 days. Levels of the crosslink density change and the activation energies of the vulcanizates were also compared. Thermal aging behaviors depending on the aging time were explained with the activation energy variation. Figures 1 and 2 show variations of the crosslink density changes of the EPDM and NBR vulcanizates with the aging time, respectively. The crosslink density change was obtained by dividing the difference in the crosslink densities after and before the thermal aging by the crosslink density of the initial sample. The crosslink density change increases as the aging time elapses. Level of the crosslink density change becomes larger by increasing the aging temperature. For the EPDM vulcanizate, the crosslink density change increases notably during the initial period and then the increment becomes smaller. The crosslink densities increase by 10.0, 17.6, and 22.6% after the thermal aging at 70, 85, and 100 C for 30 days, respectively, and increase by 17.3, 27.9, and 42.5% after the thermal aging for 180 days, respectively. The initial 30 day increments (0 to 30 days) are 10.0, 17.6, and 22.6% for 70, 85, and 100 C, respectively, while the final 30 day increments (150 to 180 days) are 0.2, 0.4, and 1.7%, respectively. For the NBR vulcanizate, the crosslink density change increases notably with increase of the aging time as shown in Figure 2. Especially, the crosslink density change at 100 Figure 1. Variation of the crosslink density change of the EPDM vulcanizate by the thermal aging as a function of the aging time. Squares, circles, and triangles indicate the aging temperatures of 70, 85, and 100 oC, respectively.


Wanmipo hydro power plant is planning to increase the unit power from 80MW to 85MW.With the result of real machine testing and simulation calculating which are testing the transition index of load rejection under overload operating condition,this article is to conclude a guide vane closing optimization program,which can guarantee the safety overload operating of the unit and other related safety requirements.


The source and identity of two mixed‐function oxygenase (MFO)‐inducing substances present in the primary‐treated effluent of a thermomechanical pulp (TMP) mill producing newsprint was determined. The source was pinpointed by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to various process effluents sampled throughout the mill. Exposure concentrations were based on the flow of these process streams in relation to the final effluent flow. Contaminated TMP steam condensates were identified as the major process source of MFO‐inducing substances. Using conventional extraction and fractionation procedures, an MFO‐inducing fraction was isolated. The major gas chromatographic peaks in this fraction were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as juvabione, dehydrojuvabione, and manool, all naturally occurring extractives in balsam fix (Abies balsamea). These substances were extracted and isolated from balsam fir and TMP condensates. Trout exposed to juvabione and dehydrojuvabione responded by exhibiting significant hepatic MFO inductions. No MFO induction was observed for manool. Secondary treatment in an activated sludge system effectively eliminated the MFO‐inducing potential of the combined mill effluent consistent with a corresponding 90% reduction of both juvabione and dehydrojuvabione.


Background: Lenalidomide (R) plus dexamethasone (d) triplet combinations have been indicated by ESMO guidelines as standard of care in first relapse for lenalidomide sensitive multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts) (Dimopoulos et al, 2021). Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCT) shows better outcome with the combination of Daratumumab + Rd (DaraRd) over other Rd-based combinations (carfilzomib+Rd (KRd), elotuzumab+Rd (EloRd), Ixazomib+Rd (IxaRd). There are few real-life studies focusing on the pattern of utilization and outcome of different Rd triplets in first relapse MM.
 Aims: To explore performances of market-approved Rd-based triplets in unselected MM pts in first relapse.
 Patients and methods: After ethics committee approval, we review data of 366 MM pts in first relapse consecutively addressed to Rd-based triplets according to market-approved schedule after 2017. Rd-based therapies was distributed as follows: DaraRd 51.6% (189 pts), KRd 36.1% (132 pts), EloRd 8.7% (32 pts), IxaRd 3.6% (13 pts). Given the limited number of pts treated with IRd and EloRd, the analysis is focused only on DaraRd and KRd group after further excluding 51 pts (13%) addressed to salvage autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) after daraRd (n=9)/KRd(n=42) fixed induction. Few pts in both groups were previously exposed to R/K/Dara (respectively 12 pts (3%), 8 (2%), 0). Treatment choice was influenced by market approval, with KRD regimen used more commonly in the IQR 2017- 2019, while DaraRd more commonly in the IQR 2018-2020. To limit the bias of a retrospective observation, we calculated a propensity score and we used it (after trimming of 5% of observations) to re-weight the data, according to the Inverse Probability of Treatment method (IPTW analysis). For the estimation of the propensity score, we used: age at Rd-triplet starting, ISS stage, presence of high-risk FISH, previous exposure to Bortezomib, previous ASCT, good response at first-line therapy (≥VGPR), time between diagnosis and relapse, myeloma defining events at diagnosis, type of relapse (symptomatic/biochemical), center. Details of these characteristics are reported in table1. Of note, pts addressed to DaraRd were slightly older (68,7 vs 63,4 years in KRd, p<0.001), time from diagnosis was quite longer (3,5 vs 2,9 year in KRd, p=0.094), they received a lower rate of prior ASCT (56% vs 72% in KRd, p=0.008). After a median follow-up of 21.6 months (IQR: 9.6-32.4), response rate ≥PR were similar in both groups (92% in DaraRd vs 87,6% in KRd, IPTW analysis: OR=0.8, 95%CI: 0.4-1.5, p=0.422). No significant difference was found in terms of ≥VGPR (60% in DaraRd vs 62,9% in KRd, IPTW analysis: OR=0.7, 95%CI: 0,4-1,1 p=0.098) as well as of ≥CR (16,6% in DaraRd and 23,6% in KRd, IPTW analysis: OR=1,3, 95%CI: 0.8-2,2, p=0.340). The median number of administered cycles was higher for DaraRd (12 vs 10, IPTW analysis: β: 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.4, p=0.025). Discontinuation rate was lower with DaraRd (28% vs 62% with KRd, IPTW analysis: OR: 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2-0.4, p<0.001). Most patients in both groups discontinued treatment for progression (55,3% with DaraRd and 59.3% with KRd), discontinuation for TEAE was reported respectively in 38,3% in DaraRd and 31,5% in KR; 6,4% of pts in DaraRd and 9,2% in KRd discontinued treatment for pts decision. Weighted analysis shows a similar outcome. In particular, the median PFS is 28 months for DaraRd vs 23 months for KRd, (HR=0.9, 95%CI: 0.6-1.2, p=0,420) (Figure 1). At left-truncation analysis, patients with ≥VGPR, had similar PFS when comparing DaraRd vs KRd (HR=1.0, 95%CI: 0.6-1.6, p=0.896) while in patients with ≤PR, DaraRd showed a longer PFS (HR=0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.9, p=0.012) (Figure 2). The median TTNT was 31 and 29 months in DaraRd and KRd, respectively (HR=0.8, 95%CI: 0.5-1,1 p=0,111). No difference was found in terms of OS (HR=1.2, 95%CI: 0.8-1.8, p=0.408)(Figure 3).
 Conclusions: Our real-life study shows that DaraRd represents the most commonly received regimen at first relapse followed by KRd triplet. After propensity score matching, DaraRd and KRd combinations proved to be both effective with similar outcomes when used early in the treatment history, after one line of therapy. This study, in addition, points out the possible gap of outcome between RCT and clinical practice.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Mangiacavalli: BMS: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria. Galli: BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Sanofi, Takeda: Honoraria. Belotti: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy; GSK: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Fazio: Janseen: Honoraria. Petrucci: Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; BMS: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; GSK: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board.


Attention is drawn to some recent results of pattern recognition theory in the context of designing an automatic speaker verification system of prescribed performance. Associated problems of data base preparation, the number of customers for which the system is to be designed, and the number of features to be used are discussed.


The images of many distant galaxies are displaced, distorted and often multiplied by the presence of foreground massive galaxies near the line of sight; the foreground galaxies act as gravitational lenses. Commonly, the lens equation, which relates the placement and distortion of the images to the real source position in the thin-lens scenario, is obtained by extremizing the time of arrival among all the null paths from the source to the observer (Fermat's principle). We show that the construction of envelopes of certain families of null surfaces constitutes an alternative variational principle or version of Fermat's principle that leads naturally to a lens equation in a generic spacetime with any given metric. We illustrate the construction by deriving the lens equation for static asymptotically flat thin lens spacetimes. As an application of the approach, we find the bending angle for moving thin lenses in terms of the bending angle for the same deflector at rest. Finally we apply this construction to cosmological spacetimes (FRW) by using the fact they are all conformally related to Minkowski space.


Through field investigation, the plant landscaping and its characteristics of Sweet Osmanthus Exposition Park in Guilin were analyzed in terms of three aspects: the allocation of Sweet Osmanthus species, the collocation of Sweet Osmanthus and other plants, plants' arrangement in Sweet Osmanthus landscape garden, which would provide reference for the construction of the special categorized plants gardens.


Introduction Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin which may involve the mucosa 1 . Oral lichen planus is an immune-mediated disorder and an interface stomatitis characterized by T-cell destruction 2 of the basal cells of the epithelium, mediated by Th1 cytokines. T cells release proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins (IL) namely IL-6 and IL-8. The serum and saliva levels of the interleukins serve as a reliable indicator to assess the response to treatment on a molecular basis. TNF-α enhances the activation of nuclear factorκB in the subepithelial T cells and as a consequence leads to the increased expression of other proinflammatory cytokines 3,4 including IL6.IL-6 has been shown to be associated with multidrug resistance protein (MRP) expression by the keratinocytes 9 . These complex factors together have also been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cytokines are mediators that play a central role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Aberrant production of cytokines is central to the causation of immune deficiency, allergy or autoimmunity, which are involved in the pathogenesis of various immunemediated inflammatory diseases. Although a great progression has been achieved on the research of cytokines in OLP pathogenesis, there are still many unexplained aspects in this field. Cytokines do not work individually but in the complex immunomodulation pathways. It is very likely that disturbance in cytokine networks determine the progression of OLP. However, most published data are limited to the expressions of single or several cytokines in OLP, thus are not enough to explain the complexities of the cytokine network in the pathogenesis. In addition, knowledge about the intrinsic mechanisms by which the cytokine networks contribute to the chronic inflammatory environment of OLP is still lacking. Further investigation on the aberration of the cytokine network and their regulatory roles in the onset and development of OLP will deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to the identification of novel and better therapeutic approaches of this disease.


Warp knit twill, sharkskin or pique fabrics having a ground fabric structure formed by one or more yarns knit in every course and every wale to provide a ground structure, and yarns alternately laid-into the ground structure in a pattern which advances coursewise as it alternates wale wise resulting in an effect which appears diagonally or obliquely to the course and wale directions throughout one or more surfaces of the fabric. Each of the laid-in yarns is substantially within a wale, and periodically makes an excursion toward or into an adjacent wale, laying in around the bases of two lap portions of yarn which terminate in that adjacent wale, the laid in yarn pulling the bases of those laps toward the wale in which the laid in yarn primarily lies, thereby periodically disrupting the uniformity of the technical back side of the warp knit fabric, and simultaneously tightening the loop which joins the two aforementioned laps thereby distorting the technical face of the warp knit fabric, to provide a pattern effect.


Nursing student engagement fundamentally contributes toward quality student advancement and future quality nursing care. This research evaluates students' perception of their nursing education and their commitment toward practice. The findings provide a background for the development of solid nursing practices with high scores of engagement, in both class and clinicals. The scores for stress management and coping were the lowest and further point to a greater learning need in this area. Currently doing very well with the learning content, they simultaneously are suffering with challenging emotional responses to this complex education. Stress management, coping, and resiliency sessions are now acutely highlighted as extremely important and necessary (for high quality nursing students' long-term emotional and cognitive wellness). Students can be functioning at higher emotional levels longer with this supportive reinforcement. When this emotion protection is developed, and implemented, students will provide a stronger and more resilient future nursing workforce. *Correspondence to: Kathleen Hudson, University of Texas at Tyler, Longview University Center, USA, Tel: 903-240-7040, E-mail: email@example.com


The Legal Democratic State of Brazil has a normative system organized rules positivist and normative principles that are the bases and girders to achieve a free society, justice and solidarity. In this way, arises the labor law or labor compound and rules own postules, the latter being essential for the development, interpretation and application of workers jobs to specific cases. In the face of another perspective that of the overwhelming globalization and unbridled capitalism prevalent in the twenty-first century, we see that the estuary normative work, as well as its basic principles have been under a new guise of interpretation, due to the steady easing of the rights of work, getting to the point of established scholars advocate the thesis that normative canons labor also belong to other branches of science of law. So, aiming not exhaust limits, given that the right worker should be developed, interpreted and effected in full harmony and respect to their guiding principles (protection, hopelessly, continuity of the employment relationship, the primacy of fact, reasonableness and good faith).


A radar reflector with controllable reflectivity has been proposed by one of the present authors. This reflector is capable of electrically controlling its radar cross section. By using this reflector as a target, information including an identification code at a reflector site can be sent to a radar site by the modulation of reflected echoes. Thus, we can build up a passive telemetry system consisting of radar, the reflectors and a demodulator device.

Since the reflector is a passive device, it does not interfere with other communication systems. Furthermore, the system at the reflector site uses little power because it has no transmitter. Experiments on the ground and on the sea have been conducted successfully.

This paper presents a method of acquiring data in the case of a rotating radar antenna, transmission codes which eliminated the inverting effect of the reflection on the sea, and a type of demodulation process. The evaluated result of this system from outdoor experiments is also presented.

The reflector was put into practical use as a traffic monitoring system and tested over a long period. From the experimental results it was discovered that the demodulation method using automatic threshold selection based on the probability distribution was the most successful. Hence, from the foregoing, we are able to conclude that the system using the radar reflector with controllable reflectivity is useful in passive telemetry.


Table 1. Summary of data including: number of vessels, number of trips, trip length, number of hauls, haul level distribution of confidence in data from video, reasons for low confidence or no confidence (unusable), and reasons for no video and missing trips.. Table 2. Summary of aggregated recorded catch by the catch monitor and the video reviewer in 2012 Fixed gear (counts only), 2013 fixed gear (counts and weights), and 2013 bottom trawl (weights only). Table 3. Summary of number of discard events (haul counts) in the compliance monitor and video data, and the catch weight that they represent in the mothership catcher vessel and shoreside hake fisheries.. Figure 3. 2013. Comparison of compliance monitor and video discarded catch weight of all species aggregated to the haul level. Figure b. is the same data as figure a. with different axis scales to show the data clustered in the bottom left corner of figure a.. Figure 5. 2013. Comparison of compliance monitor and video discarded catch weight of all species aggregated to the haul level. Figure b. is the same data as figure a. with different axis scales to show the data clustered in the bottom left corner of figure a. .


A Gracemere man says he got quite a shock when he spotted a large crocodile in the heart of Rockhampton City.


Mid-gestation fetal thyroidectomy was performed to study the effect of congenital hypothyroidlsm on the availability and composition of pulmonary phospholipids (PPL) in 8 fetal lambs and 8 sham operated lambs. Amniotic fluid (AF) was collected for baseline thyroxine, thyrotropin, and 3,3'5' tri-iodothyronine. Mean preterm AF lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios were 1.15; non-acidic and acidic PPL were 43% and 57% of total. Delivery at term by hysterotomy yielded 2 cretin and 8 normal lambs. Newborn serum studies confirmed hypothyroidism. At term mean normal AF L/S ratios were 1.89 with AF cortisol levels of 1.60 μg/dl. Term cretin AF L/S ratios were 1.56 with AF cortisol levels of 1.3 g/ dl. Lambs breathed for 10 to 30 min., then pharyngeal, tracheal, and gastric contents were aspirated for L/S ratios and PPL assays. Mean normal lamb L/S ratios were 6.66 vs 1.52 for cretins (p<.03). Non-acidic to acidic PPL separation reversed in normal lambs to 63% and 37%; cretins increased the acidic to 69%. Percent postnatal phosphatides in total aspirate PPL were:Cretin lambs died at 2 hr. of age of profound respiratory failura.We conclude that congenital hypothyroidism results in the formation of surfactant with an abnormal phosphatide composition and the release of predominantly acidic PPL with poor surface activity.


In this paper we development an equivalent circuital model of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite for predict its behavior in presence of dynamic electromagnetic fields. From magnetostrictive and piezoelectric constitutive equations, and using an equation of motion, we obtained magnetic-mechanical-electric equations, and then built a symmetric ad-hoc equivalent circuit about the magnetoelectric coupling. The circuit is used to predict the voltage coefficients of Terfenol/PZT laminate. It is found that the laminates have significantly higher ME coefficients near resonance frequency and that the ME voltage coefficient is significantly higher when laminate works in T-T mode respect to L-T mode.


ABSTRACT The low carbohydrate diet is the most controversial eating model of the last few years. It reverses the well known food pyramid based on carbohydrates. Instead, it recommends eating a lot of fats, including from animal sources. Recommended by many dieticians and doctors, but denied and underestimated by others, it has became quite a mystery. This way of eating has accompanied human kind from its beginnings. Unfortunately, along with the development of civilization and the introduction of  processed, tasty, carbohydrate-stuffed foods, it lost its popularity. There are many reports that prove the positive effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on human health. The goal of this paper was to gather all available data known about the impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on human general and oral health and the condition of the teeth.


This article considers the power generation industry in the UK with respect to market forces and pricing. It examines power generation capacity and how this can be maintained reliably in the future. The ageing of existing plants, new builds and renewable resources are all discussed.


Traditionally, solving a system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination has been formulated as a graph elimination problem. The matrix M is represented by a directed graph (or an undirected graph when M is symmetric). The elimination ordering of variables is found to greatly affect the time complexity of the solution process if M is sparse. As the problem of finding the optimal ordering, i.e., the one which gives the fewest operation counts, is NP-complete, many heuristics have been found to obtain a near-optimal ordering for the problem. All these algorithms do not consider the numerical values of the non-zero entries of M. We refer this approach as the conventional approach. In this paper, it is shown that queueing problem for solving and can also be represented as a graph elimination problem where πis the stationary distribution vector and Q is the rate transition matrix. It is also shown that the elimination speed can be increased substantially if the numerical values are also considered when Q ha...


We introduce a simple technique that enables robust approximation of volumetric, large-deformation dynamics for real-time or large-scale offline simulations. We propose Lattice Shape Matching, an extension of deformable shape matching to regular lattices with embedded geometry; lattice vertices are smoothed by convolution of rigid shape matching operators on local lattice regions, with the effective mechanical stiffness specified by the amount of smoothing via region width. Since the naïve method can be very slow for stiff models - per-vertex costs scale cubically with region width - we provide a fast summation algorithm, Fast Lattice Shape Matching (FastLSM), that exploits the inherent summation redundancy of shape matching and can provide large-region matching at constant per-vertex cost. With this approach, large lattices can be simulated in linear time. We present several examples and benchmarks of an efficient CPU implementation, including many dozens of soft bodies simulated at real-time rates on a typical desktop machine.


Spin coating is an easy and efficient technique to grow good quality thin film crystals and amorphous films suitable for many applications in science in technology namely sensors, filters and solar cells. The engineering and design for the spin coating apparatus was conceived tested and fabricated indigenously in-house inside the laboratory to grow thin film crystals and amorphous films to suit various applications. The rotor consists of an AC motor capable of reaching speeds like 1200 rpm, 2400 rpm and 3600 rpm. A rectangular substrate holder is fabricated on the top of the stub firmly fixed so that not to spin off while reaching the above said high speeds. A transparent lid is fixed with a provision for applying the liquefied charge periodically as droplets onto the substrate. A spill container cum arrestor is fabricated around the spinning platform in order to reduce the splashing and wasting of the charge. The charge is taken in the form of the solution with an optimal texture and super saturation so that the long range order is maintained else there is scope of accumulation and multiple nucleation which will prevent the film from a smooth formation. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous combinations of single layered and multiple layered thin films are realised after effecting a coating with an optimal spin speed. The thin films realised after the process will be subjected to structural, functional and optical characterizations.


Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology | Volume 36 | Issue 1 | January‐March 2020 125 Toraks 2009;57:155‐62. 4. Campos JH, Kernstine KH. Use of the wire‐guided endobronchial blocker for one‐lung anesthesia in patients with airway abnormalities. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003;17:352‐4. 5. Arndt GA, Buchika S, Kranner PW, DeLessio ST. Wire‐guided endobronchial blockade in a patient with a limited mouth opening. Can J Anaesth 1999;46:87‐9. Access this article online


This paper studies three statistical downscaling methods to predict temperature and rainfall at 45 weather stations in Thailand. Methods under consideration are multiple linear regressions (MLR), support vector machine with polynomial kernel (SVM-POL), and support vector machine with Radial Basis Function kernel (SVM-RBF). Large-scale data are from Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). Five predictor variables are chosen: (1) temperature, (2) pressure, (3) precipitation, (4) evaporator, and (5) net short wave. Accuracy is assessed by 10-fold cross-validation in terms of root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R). SVM-RBF is the most accurate model. Prediction accuracy of monthly average rainfall and temperature is satisfying in most part of the country. Lastly, downscaling models can project long term trends of monthly average rainfall and temperature.


We prove that the Ricci operator S of an almost cosymplectic three-manifold M is invariant along the Reeb flow, that is, M satisfies £ξS = 0 if and only if M is either cosymplectic or locally isometric to the group E(1, 1) of rigid motions of Minkowski 2-space with a left invariant almost cosymplectic structure.


Mobile Internet as a new information and communication technology is growing fast. The security challenges facing from the Mobile Internet come from the mobile devices and access networks. A new Mobile Internet device architecture is proposed in this paper. Focusing on the characteristics of the new architecture, a high secure operating system with internal network structure is designed. There are two sub-kernels in the secure operating system, an inter-kernel data transmission protocol is implemented for communicating between two subkernels, which is connection-oriented and can provide reliable peer-to-peer connectivity. In this paper, we proposed the data transmission protocol implementation procedure and analyze protocol transmission efficiency.


In the era of 5G and beyond, massive wireless connectivity will be further intensified, leading to more severe spectrum shortages. Therefore, as a promising way to solve the spectrum shortage, spectrum sensing will play a more vital role. However, traditional sensing schemes are not adequate since they are sensitive to noise uncertainty and frequency mismatch. To address the problem, we propose two sensing schemes robust to noise uncertainty and frequency mismatch by leveraging the phase difference (PD) distribution. First, we derive the approximate PD distribution under Rayleigh fading channels. It consists of cosine components, which is hardly affected by noise uncertainty and frequency mismatch and differs significantly from the PD distribution of noise. Afterwards, leveraging the geometric and algebraic features of PD distribution, we propose two sensing schemes, including PD distribution shape recognition detection (SRD) and PD distribution cosine feature recognition detection (CRD), to detect spectrum holes with known CF. We further improve them for blind sensing scenarios with unknown frequency and propose the PD-based frequency estimation scheme. Simulation results show that when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is lower than 0 dB, the robustness of the proposed schemes is much higher than benchmarks.


Objective:To explore the function and valid usage of corticotrophin in the treatment of premature delivery.Methods:Clinical data of 112 cases with premature delivery during January 2002 to July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively,and the outcomes of 80 cases treated by corticotrophin and 32 cases without corticotrophin treatment were compared.Results:Among 79 cases premature delivery during 28~34 gestational weeks,65 cases were treated by corticotrophin and 4 cases were found asphyxia(6.15%),14 cases didn't receive corticotrophin and 4 cases were found asphyxia(28.57%),the incidence of asphyxia had difference(P0.05).Among 33 cases premature delivery during 34~37 gestational weeks,15 cases were treated by corticotrophin and 2 cases were found asphyxia(13.3%),18 cases didn't receive corticotrophin and 3 cases were found asphyxia(16.67%),the incidence of asphyxia had no difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Corticotrophin plays an important rolr in the inevitable preterm delivery before 34 gestational weeks without infection.


The prediction of a crack initiation and propagation occurring on the microstructural level of heterogeneous materials can be a very demanding problem. According to the results of recent investigations, the emerging phase field approach to fracture has a strong potential in modelling the complex crack behaviour in a simple manner. In this study, recently developed phase field staggered solution scheme with the residual norm stopping criterion has been employed for the fracture analysis of heterogeneous microstructure exhibiting complex crack phenomena. The microstructural geometries based on the metallographic images of the nodular cast iron and the material properties of an academic brittle material have been used in numerical simulations where the graphite nodules have been considered as porosities. Two commonly used energy decomposition models, the spectral decomposition and the spherical-deviatoric split, and their effects on the results of the phase field modelling are investigated. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm recovers the complicated crack path driven by the complex microstructural topology.


Abstract The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is the first high-energy, high-brilliance synchrotron radiation source in operation today and it is ideally suited to high pressure research. White-beam and monochromatic diffraction techniques are being optimized in particular for structural studies of low-Z materials and poor scatterers generally, the best example being hydrogen single crystals at very high pressures. Most high pressure measurements are carried out on a versatile beamline equipped with a wiggler and an undulator. Focusing and image plates are used in all monochromatic angle-dispersive studies. The success of the high pressure programme has so far been achieved on a non-optimized beamline, but the next phase of the programme needs an optimized facility. A beamline is being constructed to fully exploit the intrinsic qualities of this unique source and insertion devices for high pressure studies. Its main design concepts are presented.


HISTORICAL SURVEY THE history of observations of the study of gastric secretion in man began in 1752 with Reaumur's discovery of the acid character of gastric juice. He possessed a tame buzzard, and took advantage of the well-known habit of this bird of vomiting anything it could not digest; he trained it to swallow, retain and in due course return a small metal perforated tube containing various kinds of foodstuffs. By this means he obtained fresh gastric juice, which he found turned blue litmus-paper red. A similar method was used in the first study of the action of human gastric juice. Stevens, in Edinburgh, studied a man who, from the age of seven years, had possessed the aptitude of swallowing stones in such numbers that they rattled in his stomach, and who gained a livelihood exhibiting this feat. Stevens persuaded his patient to substitute perforated silver capsules with multiple compartments containing various meats and foodstuffs, and to leave them in his stomach for 24 to 48 hours before expelling them. He concluded that digestion was not just the effect of heat, trituration, putrefaction and fermentation alone, but of a powerful solvent secreted by the st.omach. He also observed the fact that human gastric juice contained a constituent that turned blue litmus-paper red. The acid of gastric juice was first identified as hydrochloric acid by Prout in 1824. On December 11, 1823, at the Royal Society of London, Prout read a paper entitled: "The Nature of Saline Matters Usually Existing in the Stomachs of Animals". In this plllper, he stated that the acid was muriatic acid, and that the source of the acid was a common salt in the blood. The next important observations were those of William Beaumont (1785-1853). Beaumont was a surgeon in the United States Army, and it fell to his lot to treat a young French Canadian voyageur for a gunshot wound of the abdomen, which had left him with a large gastric fistula. Beaumont confirmed Prout's observation of the presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. He suspected, but could not demonstrate, the presence of some other substance in gastric juice. This was shown by Schwann in 1846 to be pepsin.


This investigation was concerned with the potential effectiveness of an aerobic running program in the reduction of anxiety. Anxiety was defined in this investigation as a subject's score on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS).


Objective: to assess the pattern of clinical forms of tuberculosis and concomitant pathology in children in time and age aspects. Four groups of children who had fallen ill with tuberculosis in 1995–1999 (n=149), 2001–2005 (n=429), 2006–2010 (n=385), and 2011–2015 (n=350) were identified. In Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, isolated respiratory organ injury involved by tuberculosis was found in 96.6. 83.0, 87.6, and 92.6% of cases, respectively (χ2 =28.418; р=0.000). In Groups 1–4, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2, 5.1, 8.8, 5.1% of children, respectively (χ2 =10.821; р=0.016). Comorbidity was detected in 49.0, 73.2, 88.1, and 80.3%, respectively (χ2 =97.985; р=0.000). Cardiovascular disease was prevalent in children aged 12–14 years (42.1%) (χ2 =27.678; р=0.000). In the time aspect of over 20 years, the children with tuberculosis were twice more frequently found to have comorbidity, which may be related not only to the better quality of diagnosis, but also to decreased health levels in the children. Infants were more vulnerable in the context of comorbidity.


High precision micro displacement measurement framework is fundamental for drilling strain gauges. We try to combine Duffing Chaotic Detection (DCD) method to replace the traditional lock-in amplifier method in drilling strain gauges. Simulation results showed that the DCD method is better than lock-in amplifier method both in the detection accuracy and noise resistance. Even more, the design and realization of DCD method is easier than lock-in amplifier method.


What is the role of governmental public health in ensuring the quality of medical care? With some notable exceptions, state and local public health departments have taken a passive role in medical care system quality assurance. Yet medical care can contribute much to improving the health of populations and at least some to reducing health disparities. The article in this issue of The Milbank Quarterly by Chamany and colleagues describes one public health agency's novel approach to the clinical management of adult diabetics: working with health care providers.

The authors regard their work as filling a temporary gap, pointing out that most providers are not equipped to automatically remind patients to consult their doctor when laboratories report high glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels. But clinical decision support systems' broader use of electronic health records, which is now a federal priority, should, at least in theory, make it unnecessary for public health agencies to assume this role.


For captive chimpanzees, daylong feeding enrichment, offering longer feeding times as comparable to those of their wild counterparts, is expected to alleviate undesirable behavior. This study is designed to determine whether longer feeding opportunities over the course of a day would directly engender longer feeding times. A liquid dispenser was presented for 8 h/day to five chimpanzees. The daily feeding duration was increased to a maximum of 16.1% of the 8-h experimental time. Expanding food availability increased the number of feeding bouts. Attractive-tasting beverages elicited longer feeding bout durations. Results suggested that chimpanzees' preferences regarding food characteristics as well as food availability were influential factors favoring the prolongation of feeding time. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The theoretical investigations made in this paper are to study the combined effect of pressure-dependent viscosity (PDV) and micropolar fluids on squeeze film circular step plate. The modified Reynolds equations in both the regions accounting for the pressuredependent viscosity of micropolar fluids are mathematically derived. From the analysis, it has been found that the non dimensional pressure, non dimensional load carrying capacity, and non dimensional squeeze film time decreases with increasing value of non dimensional step distance (K) and increases as compared with iso-viscous lubricant case.


Inductive biases are any assumptions that learners utilize to learn the world and predict the output. These assumptions can either be related to the date-generation process, the functional family space chosen, or the space of the solutions. Inductive biases could be a regularization term added for better generalization or preventing overfitting, and they could also be embedded in the model function family or model architecture (e.g. CNN vs MLP). Inductive biases generally reduce the amount of data needed to fit the model while constraining the model's flexibility. Ideally, inductive biases will improve training efficiency (small data points, small gradient steps, faster optimization), while maintaining performance and generalizing well. However, if inductive biases are mismatched with the problem domain, this will lead our solutions to be sub-optimal. Another way to think about this is through the lens of the bias-variance tradeoff: inductive biases induce a large bias term in approximation error.


Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of Macaca mulatta females were compared by radioimmunoassay after iv and intrapituitary administration of sheep (o) and rabbit (ra) median eminence extracts (SME) and synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Both intrapituitary infusion and iv injection of oSME and raSME caused nearly equal and significant (p < 0.05) elevations in serum levels of LH within 30 min. Intrapituitary infusion of 40 μg of LH-RH into rhesus at each of 3 stages–days 6 to 7, 11 to 14, or 20 to 23–of their menstrual cycles also caused significant, but equal, increases in serum LH. In contrast, an iv injection of 40 or 85 ng LH-RH during the early follicular or periovulatory stages of the cycle failed to elevate serum LH or FSH significantly above preinjection levels. Since the concentrations of serum LH after LH-RH never approached the LH levels observed during the spontaneous midcycle surge regardless of the LHRH dosage, its mode of administration, or t...


The lymphatic system in skin plays important roles in drainage of wastes and in the afferent phase of immune response. We previously showed that activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), specifically the VEGFC/VEGFR‐3 pathway, attenuates oedema and inflammation by promoting lymphangiogenesis, suggesting a protective role of lymphatic vessels against skin inflammation. However, it remains unknown how physical stimuli promote lymphatic function. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are activated by direct‐current (DC) electrical stimulation, which induced extension of actin filaments of LECs, increased calcium influx into LECs, and increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). An inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase, which plays a role in cellular adhesion and motility, diminished the DC‐induced extension of F‐actin and abrogated p38 phosphorylation. Time‐lapse imaging revealed that pulsed‐DC stimulation promoted proliferation and migration of LECs. Overall, these results indicate that electro‐stimulation activates lymphatic function by activating p38 MAPK.


This study re-examined the effect of official development assistance (ODA) of five major donor countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) on foreign direct investment (FDI) using panel data from 2003 to 2020. In addition to the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with the gravity model, the Granger causality test and impulse response analysis with the panel VAR model was conducted. It was concluded that ODA did not necessarily have an effect on FDI since the 2000s. It is also suggested that the vanguard effect of Japanese ODA, as indicated by some previous studies, appeared mainly in the 1990s and may not be sustainable. The novelty of this study is to verify the effects of the ODA of major donors on FDI using new data from the 2000s onward, especially to reveal that the vanguard effect of Japanese ODA has not been observed since the 2000s. A limitation of this study is to determine only the presence or absence of a general trend at a statistically significant level. Therefore, further research on individual cases is expected to find how ODA has affected the investment decisions of individual companies.


A starter is disclosed which is capable of reliably and safely turn off a motor circuit or interrupt when the motor circuit of an excessively large thermal load is suspended. The motor circuit includes a metal-made intermediate element which electrically associated between a motor power supply cable and one of the positive side brush lead wire is connected. The intermediate member has a fuse function which is subjected to a melting process, if a thermal stress occurs in the motor circuit, which is excessively larger than that in the normal operation.


We demonstrate a free-space Kramers-Kronig receiver specifically designed for few-mode operation. This is achieved by combining the local oscillator and signal as fewmode signals, prior to demultiplexing.


We studied the formation dynamics of low-molecular-weight organic semiconducting molecules of N,N′-bis[4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl]-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (DNTPD) during solvent evaporation. We dropped the DNTPD–toluene solution on a glass substrate and performed in situ measurements of mass, temperature, scattered light intensity, and photoluminescence (PL). We found that both light scattering and PL measurements were able to detect the onset of solid film formation from dissolved organic semiconducting materials. When a solid thin film forms during drying, sudden changes in scattered light and PL are observed. Furthermore, we also found that a period of time after the onset was necessary for completion of thin solid film formation. Observations and in situ PL measurement during thin-film formation by spin coating revealed that this period of time affected the optical properties of the film. This result indicates that quantitative information on the film formation process is quite important to obtain thin films with desired properties by coating and drying. Our in situ measurements were simple and practical approaches to monitor the formation dynamics of organic thin films during drying.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an investigation of the extent to which electronic resources are utilized in higher education in Australia. It seeks to explore the pattern and trend of accessing and using electronic resources in a university library for helping university libraries manage their resources better. This leads to the identification of the underlying motivation for such emerging patterns and trends in the use of electronic resources in the university library. It also aims to identify the critical factors for the effective and efficient use of electronic resources.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted to investigate the use of electronic resources in a university library and for identifying the emerging pattern and trend in accessing and using electronic resources. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was carried out on the utilization of electronic resources, which led to the development of an online survey instrument with respect to the us...


a viable third way between neo-imperialism and one-worldism? Morefield critiques a few contemporary theorists—Robert Cooper, Robert Kagan, Fareed Zakaria, and Michael Ignatieff—whose imperial leanings remind her of Murray and Zimmern. Diverse as this group is, it hardly represents the entire range of pro-sovereignty liberal internationalist thought. Morefield ignores figures such as Francis Fukuyama and Michael Waltzer (to say nothing of George W. Bush and Tony Blair) who are intent on the actual global liberalization that Murray and Zimmern shirked. She argues as if the only alternative to her vague call for a "global polity" is some kind of repackaging of her duo's de facto imperialism. This leaves her on the margins of the most important current discussions. Covenants Without Swords is therefore more successful as a work of intellectual history than as a proposal to save liberalism by means of the establishment of a world community. It is a good study of the bad things that can happen when English liberals get mixed up in German metaphysics. It is also informative about the sources of the weakness of the League of Nations. It is not, however, an especially compelling entry into debates over the nature and viability of a liberal world order. Also, the text contains numerous typographical errors, and seems on the whole to have been poorly edited.


The Italian utility Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (ENEL) is committed to improving operations without ignoring environmental issues. One example of this policy described here is the recent installation of dry bottom ash extraction technology at its Pietrafitta, Bastardo, Monfalcone and Fusina power plants. The MAC (Magaldi Ash Conveyor) system, developed by Magaldi Industries and the Italian boiler manufacturer Ansaldo, continuously removes ash from beneath the boiler via a stainless steel conveyor belt. Because the system operates without water for cooling or conveying ash, it drastically reduces the amount of contaminated water the plant discharges to the environment.


It is well known that climate changes sometimes may cause natural disasters，especially the disastrous weather days，as downpour，flood，landslide and mudslide，and their derivatives disasters not only have relationship with precipitation，but also，closely with rainfall intensity. In the practice of Xinjiang disaster prevention，it’s urgent to know the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation intensity and the maximum of precipitation intensity in different recurrence periods. In this paper，based on the observed hourly precipitation data over 16 national-standard stations during May to September from 1991 to 2013 in Xinjiang，some large-scale，multisites and long-paying observed hourly precipitation data have been used firstly together with the methods of probability distributions，statistical tests，variant difference analysis and extreme value analysis，the temporal and spatial distributions and the diurnal variation of hourly rain in summer in Xinjiang have been analyzed. The results show that the hourly rain presents high frequency in northwest and low frequency in southeast of Xinjiang. The high value center of the frequency with hourly rainfall intensity over 0.1 mm·h-1 or 4 mm·h-1 both in Western Tianshan Mountains. The frequency of heavy rainfall is increasing in places such as Ruoqiang where rains less. The high frequent periods of heavy rainfall，with hourly rainfall intensity over 4 mm·h-1，are often occurred in the afternoon，and the first and second half of the night in Northern Xinjiang，while it occurs at night in Southern Xinjiang. The hourly rain frequencies share obviously different diurnal variation in all regions of Xinjiang，where the hourly rainfall is not well-distributed. The distribution characteristic of daily rain in Northern Tacheng and Altay Prefecture is bimodal and in the rest regions of Northern Xinjiang is unimodal. Nevertheless，in Southern Xinjiang，most are in bimodal distribution. The total frequency of hourly rainfall intensity larger than 0.1 mm·h-1 or 4.0 mm·h-1 in Northern and Southern Xinjiang both appears to be an evident increase trend，and it would increase more significance in Southern Xinjiang in the 2010s. The high value region of hourly rainfall intensity occurring once in 50 or 100 years，respectively 45 mm·h-1 and 50 mm·h-1，both is in the western Aksu.


The invention discloses a large aperture optical element dynamic clean maintenance and transfer device. The large aperture optical element dynamic clean maintenance and transfer device includes a clean transfer box with a cuboid structure, a head board, a back board and slideways, wherein the front end of the clean transfer box is an openmouthed port and the rear end of the clean transfer box is provided with an air inlet; the head board is detachably arranged at the front openmouthed port position of the clean transfer box and can cover the openmouthed port; the back board is detachably arranged at the air inlet position and can shield the air inlet; and the slideways are symmetrically arranged on the top wall and the bottom surface of the clean transfer box, and each slideway is provided with at least one chute, wherein the width of the middle part of the chute is greater than the width of two ends of the chute. The large aperture optical element dynamic clean maintenance and transfer device of the invention satisfies the cleaning requirement for a large aperture optical element during the on-line installation and maintenance process and the operation process. When the large aperture optical element enters the slideways, certain flexible adjusting is realized, so the large aperture optical element is convenient and reliable to transfer. The device has the advantages of being simple in structure and convenient to operate.


County agriculture science and technology innovation subject,as the foundation of technology innovation ability construction is an important part of national technology innovation system construction.Based on the innovative theories and the regional technology innovation theory,this paper,combined with some counties in hebei province,analyzes the problems of survey research restricting agricultural science and technology innovation subject construction and puts forward the countermeasures and proposals.


The authors propose a control/command scheme for the quadruped robot RALPHY (French acronym for legged robot with pneumatic actuators) which takes into account both dynamical and real time aspects as well as theoretical and practical approaches. They decompose the dynamic model for the whole robot into two parts in order to distribute hierarchically the tasks to be realized as much as possible. In this architecture, the lowest level (leg level) is assigned to command the leg movements through a leg inverse dynamic model computation. At an upper level (coordinator level), the control of the platform is handled by the leg-to-platform interaction model computation. The behavior of the robot is simulated.


In this article acoustic emission sensors were used to detect simulation of gas pipeline leak and the acoustic emission signals of a pipeline leak were obtained. Acoustic emission technology was adopted to detect pipeline leak. First wavelet packet decomposition methods were used to decompose the acoustic emission signals; then the attenuated signals were remedied effectively at different frequencies. The cross-correlation technology was used to calculate the delay-time received by the two acoustic emission sensors. This method effectively solved the difficulty that the existing acoustic emission system was difficult to detect continuous signals, such as pipeline leakage giving a larger leakage location error. The proposed method pipeline leakage location error is less than 8%.


This article reviews historic contexts behind the postmodernism in Almodovar's films and positions his films as cultural representation of all the bitter conflicts and discords in comtemporary Spanish society. Both his personal life and his films take deep root in the Spanish context and can thus be considered as social documentaries which record tensions and conflicts arising out of abrupt evolution into the post-modern Spain. The abrupt Spanish post-modern project was driven simultaneously with social modernization projects similar to the cases of other marginalized countries and it is true that the post-modern project contained much of the illuministic elitism in itself. Those premodernistic elements hidden behind post-modernity speak for the very chaos in Spanish society in 1980's and Almodovar's films reflect these conflicts straightforwardly. In other words, his films are considered as keys to understanding post-Franco Spain where the elements such as gender, sexuality and technology are carved together in the territory of post-modernism. Thus, it is ironic when the director himself requests not to associate any of the political or social interpretation with his films. Perhaps Almodovar wanted to emphasize the point that his films transcend local inclination and are located in cosmopolitan cultural context but despite his wish, Spanish post-modernism, like any other nation's post-modernism worldwide, can not be understood without considering the local contexts. Just as Spain passed through the dark tunnel of military dictatorship and is rising high along with other European advanced countries, Almodovar who once was only an unknown underground Madrid artist now grew up to be a world-renowned film director. People worldwide watching his films are moved by his classical humanism and laugh at his cosmopolitan sense of humor, but they must also capture the local characteristics hidden behind his global universality. That should be the desirable way to meet and accept the global-local culture in this post-modern time.


Texas R.Ph. and Senator Letitia Van De Putte lead the 11 Democrats who fled to New Mexico to thwart a Republican plan to redistrict the state's Congressional seats.


In this study energy consumption of thermomechanical pulp refining was approached from a previously unexplored perspective. The power consumption distribution curve was calculated based on mass and energy balances and by using temperature and the consistency profiles of the refiner. Test trials were made in order to determine consistencies as a function of plate radius and samples were taken from plate gap and from the blow pipe after refiner. The feed consistency of refiner was determined using known water flows and the mass balance of the pre-heater. Because the calculation is sensitive to changes in the consistency profile, power consumption was calculated by using different kinds of theoretical consistency profiles. Depending on the profile used, the power was mainly consumed in the inner refining zone or in the outer parts of refiner, and the power consumption in the breaking bar zone was minor. An elevation of power consumption in the inner refining zone was found in all the possible cases.


Nurse Kath Haigh spent the year unsuccessfully fighting her dismissal by Pontefract General Infirmary. She claimed she was made a scapegoat after she was sacked following suspicious incidents, including a series of arson attacks at the hospital.


Abstract Taxonomic characters have been evaluated in plants referable to the Vaucheria prona complex of Vaucheria. Three isolates were tested under a range oftemperatures, photon flux densities, salinities and substrate gradients, and compared with 32 field populations. Oospore shape, oospore wall thickness and texture in transverse section, and gametangial orientation were found to be good taxonomic characters. V. frigida has been distinguished from V. prona in having oospore walls lamellate rather than evenly textured and > 5 μm thick, dimidiate-globose oospores with a large conical protuberance rather than ovoid-reniform with a small distal prominence, and oogonia distal rather than lateral to antheridium when there is only one oogonium per gametophore. Descriptions and nomenclatural data are provided for both species, and their relationships with V. terrestris and V. racemosa are considered.


Calcium carbonate granules up to 2.5 mm in size are commonly found in Quaternary soils and sediments but have only rarely been used for any form of interpretation. Growing interest in recent years has focused on the concentration patterns in stratigraphy containing buried land surfaces, and the possibility of dating the granules. Making sense of either of these approaches requires a basic understanding of granule types, together with their modes of accumulation and destruction in stratigraphy. Details of the formation, morphology, deposition and post‐depositional changes are discussed along with the necessary ecological and pedological information on earthworm behaviour and effects, then summarised into a framework for interpretations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Sara Ahmed's lively ethnographic study explores the twenty-first-century experience of developing diversity policies in Australian and British universities. Focusing on words, commitments and bodie...


Adsorption capacities, effect of hydrochloric acid and temperature of PTZ resins for Pd(Ⅱ) were studied in this paper. Particularly, the selectivity and mechanism of adsorption of PTZ resins for Pd(Ⅱ) was investigated.


Abstract This paper reports on a qualitative study of peer responses to self‐cutting of secondary school adolescents in Hong Kong. Through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with three adolescent self‐cutters, their family members, and their peers, the peers' response to adolescents' self‐cutting was explored. The findings showed that different peers had different types of influence, as well as different responses to self‐cutting. Close and supportive peers were usually the first to discover the self‐cutting. They were a source of help, communicating with parents, friends, teachers, and the adolescents themselves. In contrast, non‐supportive peers, especially boyfriends or girlfriends, created conflicts that seemed to provoke self‐cutting. The findings' significance for social work intervention is also discussed.


The need to formulate a renewed theology of God that accommodates modern scientific thought about creation is emphasised. It is believed that the theory of evolution may be inadequate for the purpose, and a more traditional theological form called 'classical theism' is suitable for a reformulated understanding of the concept of God.


Using a threedimensional motion analysis system based on general cameras,the parameters of human upperlimb motion in daily living are measured.According to its characteristics,the upperlimb is simplified to a linksegment model with seven degrees of freedom.During the experiment,several marks are emplaced on the correlative parts of human body.By analyzing the motional data of the marks,the paper presents a method to calculate the rotary angles of the upperlimb,so the motional data of the human upperlimb in activities of daily living are calculated.


The blinkered views of the academics and administrators who contributed to articles on climate change have been repeated for decades with notorious lack of enthusiasm and credibility, while the global population has …


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a cooking device for various uses such as not only a sandwich cooker but also a grill plate. SOLUTION: A cover 4 is connected to a base body 1 with hinges. Electric heating elements 10, 11 are attached to the base body 1 and the cover 4, respectively. The electric heating element 10 is directly attached to the inside face of a metallic plate 5 of the cover 4 and the electric heating element 11 is attached to an auxiliary support body 12 elastically supported by springs 13. Various kinds of exchangeable cooking trays 3 having different depths from each other can be used by the springs 13. A pair of handles are used as a means to fit a tray 3 to the base body 1 in such a tray set and serve as support legs of the tray when they are removed. The base body 1 and the cover 4 are connected to each other with hinges by a pin 6 fit lossely in a slit 7. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


The paper introduces a new type of synchronous motion control system.The velocity,which is from the Luenberger observer,is used as closed-loop feedback signal that avoids the phase delay and noise introduced by the sensor effectively.The simulation results show that the control system has better command response and disturbance response because of the velocity observed feedback.The synchronous motion control algorithm is performed on TMS320C6722B.


For years football, along with cycling, has been the national sport of Belgium, and in the broadest sense of the word football is the most popular. It has the largest participation, the highest economic contribution, the highest media coverage and the widest social reach, but its organization is also significantly influenced by the Belgian federal structure. Today about 15 percent of all the sport associations in Belgium are football clubs with another 5 percent being futsal clubs. In the next sections we give a brief historical overview of Belgian football. We then describe the federalisation of Belgium, followed by the juridical and financial issues of the national Football Association (FA), the league associations, the football clubs and the statue of the professional football player. The chapter ends with a Belgian perspective on the European football market.


The incorporation of microwave irradiation with the prevalent "click chemistry" is currently of considerable synthetic interest. We describe here the introduction of such laboratorial shortcut into carbohydrate-based drug discovery, resulting in the rapid formation of a series of triazole-linked salicylic β-D-O- glycosides with biological activities. All "clicked" products were achieved in excellent yields (≈ 90%) within only a quarter. In addition, based on the structural characteristics of the afforded glycomimetics, their inhibitory activities were evaluated toward protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and a panel of homologous protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Docking simulation was also conducted to plausibly propose binding modes of this glycosyl salicylate series with the enzymatic target.


Measurements from water-filled phantoms were used to adapt the dual photopeak window scatter correction method to In-111 imaging. The ratio of the counts in a 226-246-keV window to those in a 247-274-keV window was found to correlate well (r=0.99) with a scatter fraction measure for a 226-274-keV window. To apply this dual photopeak window method to the 171-keV peak, the scatter spill-down from the 247-keV peak was estimated using an image recorded with a 195-225-keV window. This image was blurred and scaled to estimate more accurately the spill-down into each of the two 171 -keV photopeak windows, the scaling and blurring being estimated using Monte Carlo simulations for average scatter and blurring conditions. These estimated spill-down images were subtracted from the two 171-keV photopeak windows (160-170 and 171-184 keV, respectively). The ratio of the remaining counts in the 160-170 keV window to those in the 171-184 keV window correlated well. (r=0.975) with a scatter fraction measure in the 171-keV peak. Pixel-by-pixel application of the method to point source images reduced global measures of the scatter fraction magnitude by an average factor of 6.8 for the 171-keV photopeak and by an average factor of 5.7 for the 247-keV photopeak.<<ETX>>


The oxygen compressor is made by Hitachi Japan.Its cylinder is two section type.After runing for a period,the cylinder is seriously worn and torn and in urgent need of taking restoration measures.This paper deals with the feasibility of restoration,puts forword the restoration scheme,checks the calculation of heating power and motive power,and puts forword the direction of further improvement.


Objective:To survey the effect of the composite of rhBMP-2 and lecithin in repairing the segmental defect of dog's long bone,and to examine the activity of rhBMP-2.Methods:A 20 mm defect was made in middle-superior segment of dog's radius,then in experiment group,the composite of rhBMP-2 and lecithin was implanted into the defect;in control group only lecithin was implanted.The repairing effect was evaluated in 12 and 24 weeks postoperatve by radiograph,histology and BMD(bone mineral density).Results:Radiographically,all defect sites were bridged by callus by 12 weeks and connected by cortical bone by 24weeks in experiment group.In control group,no callus was seen.Histologically,by 12 weeks,defect sites in experiment group were bridged by lamellar bony callus,in which there was myeloid tissue.And by 24 weeks,the compact bone was seen in the outside of callus,and the medullary cavity in the centre.In control group,defect sites were filled by connective tissue and muscle tissue.The BMD of the new callus was about of 76% of that of the normal radius by 12 weeks,and 85% by 24 weeks.Conclusion:rhBMP-2 has satisfactory activity of bone induction,and the composite of rhBMP-2 and lecithin can repair of 20 mm bone defect in dog's radius.


Background : Chronic telogen effluvium is a common problem in middle-aged women. It has been suggested that reduced iron stores are a cause of this type of baldness. Objective : We performed this study in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic telogen effluvium and to evaluate the differences in serum stored iron levels between normal females and those with chronic telogen effluvium. Methods : Blood levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and TIBC were examined in 20 patients with chronic telogen effluvium and 20 normal females. Results : 1) Ferritin levels were significantly decreased in the patients group(p=0.008) 2) TIBC levels were significantly increased in the patients group(p=0.001) 3) There were no significant differences in Hb and serum iron in both groups(p>0.05) Conclusions : These findings suggested that the variation of serum ferritin level may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic telogen effluvium, but further studies will be needed for evaluation of this condition.


This paper considered the particular position of each broadcasting station, based on an analysis on co-occurred words, focusing on the THAAD reports...


A novel design for a high temperature SOFC, based on lamellar electrode-electrolyte segments obtained by solidification of an oxidic eutectic melt on an electrolyte substrate is presented. Such composite electrodes contain NiO or MnO - 8Y-ZrO{sub 2} lamellae, which after reduction/oxidation yield electrode-electrolyte lamellae with 1--2 {micro}m width and a vertical dimension of >100 {micro}m, depending upon the amount of eutectic melt solidified on a polycrystalline substrate. The nucleation of the eutectic on a polycrystalline substrate followed by a semi-directional crystallization of the two phases yields a gradient of 3-phase boundaries over the height of such an electrode, with the number of 3-phase boundaries increasing towards the substrate.


More than 10 kinds of the basic pests have been revealed in the territory of various soil-climatic zones of the Republic. Among them are adventive kinds –the Colorado potato beetle, the whitefly and the potato moth. Biological features of kinds and seasonal dynamics of their development are established; the general tactic of protective methods with application of progressive means and receptions is developed. Precautionary receptions of potato tubers' protection against potato moth are established and recommended.


Ring, Compact and Air vortex spinning systems provide yarn with different structures and properties. Each system has its limitations and advantages in terms of technical feasibility and economic viability. In this research, 40's Ne, 52:48 Polyester/Cotton blended yarns were produced on ring, compact and vortex spinning systems and woven fabrics were manufactured using these yarns [1]. The vortex yarn is poor in strength and elongation and is also having more irregularities and uneven compared to ring and compact yarns. The vortex yarn being porous has a higher diameter compared to ring and compact yarns, whereas the hairiness of vortex yarn is significantly low compared to ring yarn. The Comfort properties and Handle characteristics of the fabrics were studied apart from the other properties of the yarns and fabrics. Vortex yarn fabrics exhibit better absorbency, good air permeability, abrasion and pilling resistance. The hand values of the vortex yarn fabrics are not so satisfactory compared to ring and compact yarn fabrics; however, its other properties can be utilized for some specialized applications where fabric handle has a very least role to play.


An object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an optical element such as a lower cost and a high mass productivity polarizer. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing the optical element having a plurality of metal wire grid on the substrate, provides a method for producing an optical element, characterized in that for producing understanding the metal wire grid (Liquid Self-patterning Process) LSP do.


Cavitation erosion test of Monel-400 and MonelK-500 alloys was carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution using an ultrasonic induced cavitation facility. The microstructure, composition and mechanism of cavitation erosion were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and induction balance, respectively. The results showed that Monel-400 alloy was single austenitic phase while MonelK-500 alloy contained Ni3Al intermetallics and its improvement in cavitation erosion resistance could be attributed to the higher hardness and density of the grain and twinning boundaries. In a series of 5h cavitation tests, the cumulative mass loss of Monel-400 alloy was 44.5 mg, which was 1.66 times than that of MonelK-500(26.8mg). No apparent incubation period was observed and the damage mechanism was plastic deformation and rupture.


This paper examines the possible impact of the EU's common agricultural policy (CAP) and its common fisheries policy (CFP) (particularly its external dimension) on the migration of third country nationals to the EU. First, the expected impacts of both policies are discussed taking into account that both policies have undergone considerable changes in recent years. Data on irregular migration (as an imperfect proxy for economic migration driven mainly by 'push' factors) are used to identify those countries which are the principal sources of irregular migrants to the EU. The likely contribution of the CAP and CFP to these migration flows is discussed. For both policies, detailed case-study work in individual countries would be necessary to discover if either policy does have discernible effects and, if so, the nature of those effects.