Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has poor machinability, which leads to high unit cutting force and cutting temperature, rapid tool failure. In this study, the effect of the cutting speed, feed rate and cooling condition on cutting force and cutting temperature is critically analysed by turning experiment. At the same time, the relationship is established among tool wear, cutting force and cutting temperature. This investigation has shown that cutting speed is the decisive factor which increasing cutting force and cutting temperature. In the process of turning, tool wear results in high amounts of heat and mechanical stress, which leads to serious tool wear. The Minimal Quantity Lubrication reduces the frictional condition at the chip-tool, decreases cutting force and cutting temperature, and delays the tool failure.


The threats of reverse-engineering, IP piracy, and hardware Trojan insertion in the semiconductor supply chain are greater today than ever before. Split manufacturing has emerged as a viable approach to protect integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in untrusted foundries, but has high cost and/or high performance overhead. Furthermore, split manufacturing cannot fully prevent untargeted hardware Trojan insertions. In this paper, we propose to insert additional functional circuitry called obfuscated built-in self-authentication (OBISA) in the chip layout with split manufacturing process, in order to prevent reverse-engineering and further prevent hardware Trojan insertion. Self-tests are performed to authenticate the trustworthiness of the OBISA circuitry. The OBISA circuit is connected to original design in order to increase the strength of obfuscation, thereby allowing a higher layer split and lower overall cost. Additional fan-outs are created in OBISA circuitry to improve obfuscation without losing testability. Our proposed gating mechanism and net selection method can ensure negligible overhead in terms of area, timing, and dynamic power. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in several benchmark circuits.


On September 6, 2018, the Supreme Court of India passed a historic judgment that decriminalised consensual same-sex acts among adults. The judgment which 'read down' S377 IPC was the culmination of demands that started from organisations that worked around HIV/AIDS prevention and eventually encouraged individual LGBTQ persons to challenge the law. Engagement with the law, therefore, this paper argues has been central to the emergence of the LGBTQ movement in India. Without undermining the significance of the grass root activism against S377, the paper also places stress on international human rights instruments and LGBTQ struggles against decriminalisation from different countries as factors that enabled the Johar Judgment. Finally, the paper raises the question on larger ramifications that the judgment can have and the necessity to
look beyond decriminalisation.


The method of Agreement, the method of Difference, the joint method of Agreement and Difference were newly interpreted by Von Wright by means of condition analysis. This analysis was not systematically introduced into our country. In order to save the situation, we should further inquire into Von Wright's theory of inductive logic and explore its innovative significance of scientific knowledge.


The raw material powder processing method, a step of forming a layer of the raw powder, a step of removing the oxide film formed on the surface of the raw material powder forming the layer.


Suicide prevention occurs within a web of social, moral, and political relations that are acknowledged, yet rarely made explicit. In this work, I analyse these interrelations using concepts of moral and political economy to demonstrate how moral norms and values interconnect with political and economic systems to inform the way suicide prevention is structured, legitimated, and enacted. Suicide prevention is replete with ideologies of individualism, risk, and economic rationalism that translate into a specific set of social practices. These bring a number of ethical, procedural, and distributive considerations to the fore. Closer attention to these issues is needed to reflect the moral and political contexts in which decision-making about suicide prevention occurs, and the implications of these decisions for policy, practice, and for those whose lives they impact.


The Raigan porphyry copper system is associated with diorite/granodiorite to quartz-monzonite plutons of Miocene age that intruded Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks. Several stages of hydrothermal alteration and associated mineralization occurred within the system. The main intense hydrothermal alterations are of potassic, phyllic, and propylitic types, especially within and adjacent to the diorite/granodiorite intrusive stock. Copper mineralization was accompanied by mainly phyllic and less potassic alteration. Early hydrothermal alteration produced a potassic assemblage (orthoclase-biotite) in the central part of the stock, propylitic alteration occurred contemporaneously with potassic alteration in peripheral parts, and phyllic alteration occurred later, overprinting all the earlier alterations. The early hydrothermal fluids are represented by high-temperature (487°C to 598°C), high-salinity (up to 61.1 wt% NaCl equiv.) liquid-rich fluid inclusions, and high-temperature (397°C to 401°C), low-salinity, vapor-rich inclusions. These fluids are interpreted to represent a very hot orthomagmatic fluid that boiled episodically; the brines evidently caused potassic alteration, producing the first generation of chalcopyrite. Propylitic alteration is attributed to a liquid-rich, lower-temperature (523°C to 298°C), Ca-rich, evolved meteoric fluid. Based on this research, the temperature of mineralizing fluids was too high to produce an economic porphyry copper deposit at Raigan.


Managerial studies often rely on gathering abstract, numerical data from human resources. Data is gathered about employees' attitudes and perceptions regarding organizations and their practices. Models tested using this data account for probabilistic uncertainty in the data, but not for vague uncertainty. In a previous study, Adrian (1998) explored the utility of allowing respondents to draw fuzzy membership functions over the set of questionnaire answers instead of just picking one response. Her results showed good qualitative value can be obtained from this format. In this paper, we look at a quantitative analysis of these linguistic responses. In particular, we develop classification algorithms for vectors of fuzzy sets and apply these algorithms to such "linguistic vectors" derived from a set of eleven subjects answering questions about job satisfaction and organizational commitment.


Abstract Purpose: To effect regression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Gat et al. (Andrologia 2008) proposed to occlude incompetent spermatic veins to reduce increased hydrostatic pressure on the prostatic venous plexus and prevent reflux with androgen rich blood from the testicles. Our aim was to implement this treatment strategy in clinical practice and to report about first results. Methods: Embolization of the spermatic veins was performed in 30 patients with BPH. In 16 patients, we obtained follow-up data from at least 6 months. The sonographic transabdominal prostatic volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and peripheral total testosterone levels were determined before and 6 months after the intervention. Subjective symptomatology was assessed using standardized questionnaires (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] and Quality of Life score [QoL]) before and 6 months after the procedure. Results: The age of all treated patients was 46 – 77 years. The age of the 16 patients who received follow-up was 51 – 77 years. IPSS (median 18 [IQR 20.75 – 14.50] vs. 9 [IQR 11.00 – 7.25], p < 0.0001) and QoL score (4 [IQR 5 – 3] vs. 2 [IQR 3 – 1], p < 0.001) were significantly decreased 6 months after the intervention. The subjective improvement of symptoms did not correspond with prostatic volumes, which did not change significantly (54.31 ± 30.90 vs. 50.50 ± 29.26 ml, p = n. s.). 4/16 patients had a measurable post-void urine volume, which decreased in two patients 6 months after the procedure, remained unchanged in one patient, and was no longer detectable in one patient. 4 of the 11 had a sonographically detectable varicocele before the intervention, and one patient had a trabeculated bladder. Both the peripheral total testosterone levels (4.55 ± 1.27 vs. 3.93 ± 1.00 ng/ml; p = n. s.) and PSA levels (3.74 ± 2.83 vs. 4.06 ± 3.34 ng/ml; p = n. s.) showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Interventional occlusion of the spermatic veins in patients with BPH is a feasible outpatient procedure with a low complication rate. Intermediate results are satisfactory. Mid- and long-term results and pathophysiologic mechanisms need to be further elucidated. Key Points: • Venous embolization in patients with BPH is a feasible outpatient procedure. • It shows satisfactory intermediate result with good symptom relief. • Medium and long-term results need to be further evaluated. Citation Format: • Strunk H, Meier M, Schild HH et al. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Occlusion of the Impaired Urogenital Venous System – First Experience. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2015; 187: 180 – 186


The vehicle routing problem is a classical combinatorial optimization and integer programming problem. This paper proposed an improved ant colony algorithm to avoid the premature convergence and increase convergence speed, its main improvements including a novel probabilistic state transition, dynamically adjusting the value of the pheromone volatile parameter, and coupled with local optimization heuristics(2-Opt heuristics). Apply this algorithm to instance Eil22, the result shows that the proposed algorithm can obtain the optimal solution rapidly and accurately.


Distance measures robust against noise disturbances are required for reliable recognition of noisy speech. The local signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of degraded speech varies in a wide range and the characteristics of speech with low SNR tend to be lost. Pattern matching, however, is performed uniformly without taking the local SNR of each analysis frame into account. The behavior of representative LPC distance measures versus segmental SNR is investigated, which shows the necessity of accounting for the effect of the segmental SNR on the distance measure. A double autocorrelation analysis is proposed as a spectrum estimation method. A pattern matching method is also introduced in which the segmental SNR is taken into account as a weight. Experiments of isolated word recognition were performed. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.<<ETX>>


The longitudinal surface cracks of continuous cast slab results from the thickness inhomogeneity of the initially solidified shell at the meniscus of mould.In connection with the actual conditions of JISCO No.4 slab caster,the factors affecting the formation of the longitudinal surface cracks in continuous cast steel slabs were investigated.It was found that the longitudinal surface cracks greatly relate to the cooling intensity of mould,the component of steel,the inclusion content,the slab speed and the overheat degree of molten steel,etc.The tendency to forming the longitudinal surface cracks can be successfully decreased by applying the corresponding countermeasures.


Acquisition and analysis of data from sensor networks, where nodes operate in unsupervised way, has become a ubiquitous issue. The biggest challenge in this process is related to limited energy, computational and memory capacity of sensor nodes. Therefore, the main goal of our work is to devise and evaluate the contribution of an energy efficient algorithm for data acquisition in sensor networks. The proposed SENOCLU algorithm considers specific requirements of sensor network application like energy efficiency, state change detection, load balancing, high-dimensions of the sensed data etc. By applying these techniques, this algorithm contributes in filling the gap between distributed clustering and high-dimensional clustering algorithms that are available in the literature. This work evaluates the contribution of this algorithm in comparison to other competing state-of-the-art techniques. The experiments show that by applying SENOCLU algorithm better life times of sensor networks are achieved and longer monitoring of different phenomena is provided.


One of the first rules of policy makers is to select opportunities which appear doable. 'The Impact of Development Policies on Health' is not likely to help policy makers make these decisions. Rather, it illustrates the complexity associated with human development issues and the extreme deficiencies which currently exist in the global research and analysis of impacting intersectoral issues. Not only are the 'generalizations about the relationships between economic development and a population's health status... extremely difficult to make', but it is clear from this review of the currently available literature that the research community does not appear to have the tools or the resources by which they can make the rigorous analysis required to gain the respect they so much seek from the scientific community. The report ends by recommending that case studies may represent an important first step in better explaining these relationships. This review is the first time a comprehensive approach has been made to filter the intersectoral experiences related to health and development. It is clear that the range of material which is available varies greatly in quantity and quality. As such, the authors often become dependent on a few select sources in making their points. The review, for many reasons, limits its focus on five areas outside the health sector, all of which are closely linked to economic growth: (1) macro-economic policies; (2) agriculture policies; (3) industrial policies; (4) energy policies; and (5) housing policies. In the detail sections, however, the limitation of existing data analysis forced the authors to use articles which are more narrowly focused, and then extrapolate from these results. The quality and style of writing make this book an ideal resource for academic and research institutions, and provides an excellent introduction into this complex field. The authors conclude that more studies are needed on this subject because: (1) many current development policies do not examine the implications for health; (2) much of the research to date on health problems of underserved populations in developing countries does not take into account the potential impact of development policies; and (3) even though causal relationships are being established, impediments to change remain. As one reads through the illustrations and case examples, it is striking how similar the situations of poor populations in developed countries are to those in the developing countries. It makes one wonder whether there would be greater benefits derived from the proposed research studies if colleagues in developed and developing countries would try to identify common problems, and form new partnerships to work on their solutions. Perhaps researchers, as well as policy makers, could share experiences.


The present invention relates to novel bicyclic benzamide derivatives having pharmacological activity, processes for their preparation, their use in compositions and neurological and psychiatric disorders including them.


Novel polymeric complexes of Ru3+ and with 5-(2−-alkyl phenylazo)-8-quinolinol (LnH2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 1H and 13C NMR, magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectral techniques. The important infrared (IR) bands and the main 1H and 13C NMR signals are assigned and discussed relative to the proposed molecular structure of the polymeric complexes. The spectra show that all complexes are octahedral with chloride attached to the metal. The spectral data were utilized to compute the important ligand field parameters B, β and Dq. The B-values suggest covalency in the metal-ligand σ-bond and the Dq-values indicate a medium strong ligand field. β depends greatly on the electronegativity of the donor atoms and the ligand structure and also the effect of the o-substituent groups. The ligands are dibasic (bis-bidentate chelating agent), coordinating through CN, N=N, COOH, OH and SH groups by replacement of a proton from the last three groups. The bond lengths and the force constants of the U–O bond were calculated from the IR data related to the electronic properties of the substituents. Considerable interest has been focused on the synthesis of azo compounds and polymeric metal complexes. The stability of these complexes has also been investigated. O-azo-quinolinols intramolecular OH–N hydrogen bonds have been detected and discussed.


Nowadays, the impact of Information and Communication Technologies on society is a fact, and education is no stranger to this reality. One of the main platforms that currently has a great impact within the educational field is YouTube, where the figure of the educational YouTuber or edutuber stands out. The objective of this paper is to find out which are the most relevant edutubers in both, the Andean Community, and Spain. To this end, a mixed methodology has been used, combining both qualitative and quantitative strategies to analyze a total of forty channels, twenty of them from the Andean Community, and twenty from Spain. Among the results obtained, it is worth mentioning that the ages of the edutubers analyzed are from 23 to 50 years old. Educational channels are under construction and have not yet reached the level of subscribers of other types of channels. In conclusion, it is important to highlight how, through edutubers and their channels, education and the way in which students approach it are changing.


Background: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. A lip print may be revealed as a stratified surface with visible elements of lines. A trace has the shape of a print – the individuality of its properties makes it possible to individually identify a human being. Lip-prints is useful in Sex determination. Apart from identifying and evidential use, lip –prints may also be used in detection work, being the source of tactical and criminalistic information. To elaborate further study of lip print for personal identification, sex-determination and criminalization, the present study has been aimed to study on lip prints in depth.


Abstract Many communications and broadcast media have emerged by the rapid development of wireless communication and broadcasting technologies, so the radio resources are insufficient for these services. DMB can use the regional integrated channel due to the SFN broadcasting network, so DMB uses the frequency efficiently. However, the domestic DMB uses the existing analog TV frequency band and uses a plurality of channels in some areas because of the interference with the analog TV. However, the broadcasting of the analog TV was terminated, so the channel reallocation of the terrestial DMB is necessary for the efficient use of frequencies. This paper proposes the channel reallocation method of the terrestial DMB and analyzes the change of transmission and reception environments by using simulations. Key Words : Terrestial DMB, Channel reallocation, SFN, Interference analysis * 준회원, 충북대학교 전파통신공학과 ** 정회원, 충북대학교 전파통신공학과, 교신저자접수일자 2013년 11월 28일, 수정완료 2013년 12월 11일게재확정일자 2013년 12월 13일Received: 28 November, 2013 / Revised: 11 December, 2013 Accepted: 13 December, 2013


Preface 1. Walking the Walk 2. Making Context in Talking 3. Speaking | Thinking as Distributed Process 4. Agency | Passivity in Communication 5. Cultured Conceptions 6. Talking Identity 7. Culturing Emotional Contexts 8. When is Grammar? 9. Con/Textures 10. Differance Epilogue


Collaborative learning begins as a coojmative process of exploring a subject of common concern, but itJourishes only when we help each other to struggle with ourselves to attain new insights.


The level of real wages is one of the key variables-perhaps the key variable-in the economy. Understanding the processes by which wage levels are determined has proved a major task for economists, both theoretical and applied. Much of the effort has taken place within the context of the 'NAIRU' (or non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment)paradigm. According to this view, the long-run or 'natural' rate of unemployment is determined by the supply side. This would include incentives to work provided by the social security system as well as demographic factors-in Friedman's celebrated phrase, it is the rate that is 'ground out by the Walrasian system of equations' (Friedman, 1968).


A new ESPRIT-like algorithm is proposed for the estimation of the central direction of arrival (DOA) of a single distributed source. It is showed that the two signal subspaces are related by a rotation matrix, which can be used to estimate the central DOA. The so-obtained DOA estimate does not depend on any assumption on the spatial distribution of the source and is hence robust to mismodeling. For coherently distributed source, the angular spread is estimated by constructing a one-dimensional (1-D) Capon beamforming spectrum. The parameter angular spread is included in the constraint, so the algorithm can be applied in large angular spread scenarios. Additionally, instead of a two-dimensional (2-D) search, the proposed algorithm requires only one step 1-D search for estimating the angular spread. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed method is not only effective, but also enjoys better performance


Introduction Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC hereon) is a highly malignant neuroendocrine skin tumour. MCC has a relatively low incidence, but its mortality exceeds that of melanoma. MCC shares important features with other deadly cancers like SCLC or melanoma. Recent data have shown important mechanisms driving MCC. Nevertheless, the main molecular/biological mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and clinical course remain essentially unveiled. In this work, we aimed at studying a number of MCC clinically characterised cases to identify potential new biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Material and methods NGS-Sequencing (WES) from a cohort of 15 clinically characterised patients. Bioinformatic analysis to detect altered genes and signalling pathways. Immunohistochemistry assays in a cohort of 50 clinically characterised patients Multivariable survival study. Functional analyses in MCC cell lines. Results and discussions We detected two groups with differential genetic characteristics: 1) MCC-MCPyV+: Expressing MCPyV and with a low mutational load (0.2–1 muts/Mb) and 2) MCC-MCPyV-: Without the virus but with a high mutational load (10–25 muts/Mb, similar to that of melanoma or lung cancer). Moreover MCC-MCPyV- tumours harboured typical U.V. mutational signatures with up to 60% C>T transitions in a dypirimidine context as recently published by others. Studying a number of transcription factors as end-points for the activity of the signalling pathways associated to the mutated genes found in our study, we found, that despite the differences between MCPyV +and MCPyV– tumours, both developed similar mechanisms of disease like P-CREB and P-STAT. Also MCPyV-cases (recently associated with more aggressiveMCCs) also developed alternative almost exclusive mechanisms like YAP, MYC and LEF1. We propose that these signalling proteins can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis (prognosis) and therapy. As part of our results a multivariable analysis identified P-CREB as independent survival biomarker. Also we have detected multiple mechanisms that can trigger P-CREB in MCC cells. Intriguingly, an algorithm that combined MCPyV-negative mechanism also showed poor survival outcome within our cohort of patients. Conclusion In the era of targeted and immune therapies, we need specific biomarkers. Despite important genetic differences between MCPyV +and MCPyV- tumours we show that both saher important mechanisms of disease. Amongst these, P-CREB was an independent survival factor and can serve for diagnosys and therapy of MCC and related tumours.


This paper explores the motivations of Generation Z festival-goers' decision to attend festivals. This research used an online, self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to a sample of Generation Z festival-goers in Ireland and measured several festival motivational constructs whilst employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Generation Z's attendance at a festival is directly impacted by their anticipation of the festival, the festival's attractions and the flow that they experience during the festival. The anticipation that Generation Z has towards festivals is directly impacted by the festival's attractions, their interest in socialisation with known and external groups during the festival, the flow experienced at the festival and to a lesser extent, perceived popularity, and accumulated social capital. External socialisation and event attractions were also found to have a direct effect on flow. The research reveals that the positive relationship between the flow experienced at festival events and the level of anticipation of festival events is amplified for that cohort of Generation Z with higher levels of inhibition. As few studies to date have focused on the motivations of Generation Z festival-goers, this paper makes an important theoretical contribution in this area.


The dominant feature in the acoustic spectrum of a propeller‐driven aircraft is the spectral line corresponding to the propeller blade rate that is equal to the product of the propeller shaft rotation rate and the number of blades on the propeller. The frequency of this line, when measured by a stationary observer on the ground, changes with time due to the acoustical Doppler effect. In this paper, the short‐time Fourier transform and the Wigner–Ville distribution are used to estimate the propeller blade rate at short time intervals for a turbo‐prop aircraft flying at a constant altitude and speed over an acoustic sensor located just above ground level. The temporal variation in the observed blade rate is then used to estimate the speed and altitude of the aircraft, together with the source (or rest) frequency of the blade rate. Finally, the estimated values for these parameters are compared with the actual values recorded onboard the aircraft during each of the eighteen transits formed by pairing each element of a set of speeds: 150, 200, and 250 kn, with each element of a set of aircraft altitudes: 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 ft.


Abstract— The photoinduction of petite colonies and cell toxicity in non‐growing yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by 3‐a‐zido‐6‐a‐mino‐10‐m‐ethylacridinium chloride (AAMAC) has been examined. The results presented here indicate that mitochondrial DNA damage in resting yeast which occurs following irradiation of AAMAC‐treated cells for short time periods is probably mediated through a covalent adduct between AAMAC and DNA. Furthermore, the photoreaction which contributes to biological activity is dependent on the presence of oxygen. Pre‐irradiated AAMAC, which no longer exhibited the short‐term photo‐induction of biological effects showed a second biological activity. In this case longer irradiation times, e.g. 30 min, were required to induce petites for resting yeast. Again there was a strong dependence on the presence of oxygen. These results suggest that both processes may be effected through oxygen intermediates (photodynamic processes).


A nuclear power plant condenser mounting method comprises the following steps: erecting a first tow track (16) on a steam turbine base (14), and mounting the key parts (such as a duplex low-pressure heater) of a condenser indoors through cooperation of a factory main travelling crane (8) and moving and transporting equipment which is arranged on the first tow track (16). The condenser mounting method of the invention is simple and not adversely affected by the external environment compared with the existing construction method.


The enantiomeric resolution of adrenergic β 2 -agonists (clenbuterol, cimaterol, and mabuterol) on different Chirobiotic columns (Chirobiotic V, T, and TAG) has been achieved with methanol-acetonitrile-triethylamine (80:20:0.05, v/v/v) as mobile phase. The a values of the resolved enantiomers of clenbuterol, cimaterol, and mabuterol were 1.10 to 4.26 while the values of R s varied from 1.0 to 2.10. The resolution was in the order of Chirobiotic V > Chirobiotic TAG > Chirobiotic T whereas the enantioselectivity was in the order of Chirobiotic TAG > Chirobiotic V > Chirobiotic T. The enantiomeric resolution of adrenergic β 2 -agonists on Chirobiotic columns is governed by a complex mechanism involving various types of steric interactions.


The study compared the dielectric properties of neat epoxy, epoxy composites containing 5 wt% CB, and both 5 wt% CB and 1 wt% POSS. When comparing the dielectric responses observed for the composites, the role of POSS was found to produce an important reduction of the losses over a wide span of relaxation frequencies. Although the breakdown characteristics of the composites were found to be substantially reduced as compared to that of neat epoxy, the effect of adding POSS results into the enhancement of CB-composite breakdown by 10%. Under the present conditions including temperature variance up to above the glass transition temperature, the composites remained in an insulating state.


In a factorial experiment involving two factors, one quantitative and one qualitative, one may simply treat both factors as qualitative and obtain an analysis of variance table by straightforward methods. The sum of squares due to the quantitative factor can then be partitioned into sums of squares due to the linear, quadratic, etc. orthogonal contrasts, while the sum of squares due to the qualitative factor can be partitioned into meaningful orthogonal contrasts. If, however, one of the levels of the quantitative factor is zero, the analysis is complicated by the fact that a zero amount of each level of the qualitative factor is the same treatment. It is clear, for example, that if one applies a zero amount of six different fertilizers to six experimental units, one treats each experimental unit in exactly the same way. The foregoing situation arises frequently in biological assay and detailed analyses have been derived under the assumption that the quantitative factor follows a particular response law for each level of the qualitative factor. A short summary of this type of analysis is given in Kempthorne [1, Sec. 18.8]. I have been unable to find in the literature any description of how to compute the analysis of variance table for the situation where one of the levels of the quantitative factor is zero. The computations for the analysis of variance table which is appropriate for experiments involving quantitative and qualitative factors including zero amounts are presented in the remainder of this paper. Suppose that a factorial experiment involves one quantitative factor, A, having a levels and one qualitative factor, B, having b levels. When none of the levels of the quantitative factor A is a zero amount, the usual analysis of variance table for a two-way classification with one observation per experimental unit applies. If yij denotes the yield of the experimental unit that receives level i of factor A and level j of factor B, the sum of squares due to factor B,


Abstract : This is a report on the LEED investigations of the role of a free surface in the initiation of Martensitic phase transformations where restricted to principally cobalt surfaces and iron and titanium surfaces. The aim was to study the possible occurrence of surface localized soft phonon modes active in nucleation, however, it was first determined by LEED studies of both pre and post transformed cobalt that the traditional operational nucleation mechanism localized to a surface (surface localized 'frozen in' embryos or nuclei) and proposed faulting mechanisms were unapplicable to the cobalt system. Detailed low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED) work on the (0001) surface of cobalt has indicated no existence of surface localized different phases or embryos that could act as nuclei for the martensitic transformation. The atomic structure of the cobalt surface was shown to be eqivalent to that of the bulk in both the high temperature and low temperature phases. The soft-mode idea could therefore be examined by LEED in detail as a viable mechanism for martensitic transformation nucleation at the surface of cobalt and other transforming materials. (Author)


The medical records of 271 (60.8%) of the 446 persons arrested for sexual offenses in Atlanta, Georgia, during late 1978 were examined. Sexually transmitted infections were detected in 29.3% of the 237 women examined at the Fulton County Health Department and in 44.1% of the 34 men. Gonorrhea was detected in 47 (19.8%) of the women and in five (14.7%) of the men. Screening sexual offenders is an effective way of identifying untreated cases of sexually transmitted diseases in the community, and this method should be reassessed elsewhere.


Submitted for the DPP05 Meeting of The American Physical Society New Limits on Small-Scale Turbulence in the Solar Corona STEVEN SPANGLER, LAURA SPITLER, University of Iowa — Many observed characteristics of the solar corona are interpreted as heating by ion cyclotron waves. Intense electromagnetic plasma waves, with wavelengths of the order of the ion inertial length or smaller, can be detected via a phenomenon called Faraday screen depolarization (Spangler and Mancuso, ApJ 530,491,2000). The fine scale turbulent magnetic field randomizes the Faraday rotation within the beam of a radio telescope, causing a decrease in the degree of linear polarization. We present new observations specifically intended to measure this effect. Observations were made with the Very Large Array radiotelescope on August 16 and 18, 2003, of the extended radio source 3C228 when it was occulted by the corona. The line of sight to the source passed at a heliocentric distance of 6.2R ̄ on August 16, and 4.7R ̄ on August 18. No indication is seen of depolarization by the corona. On August 16, the most conservative limit is that the degree of polarization is ≥ 0.75 of its intrinsic value. A more likely limit is that the degree of polarization with the corona interposed is ≥ 0.85 that in the absence of the corona. Even stronger limits are obtained on August 18. We discuss the implications of these measurements for the amplitude and outer scale of Alfvén-Ion Cyclotron turbulence in the corona. Steven Spangler University of Iowa Date submitted: 18 Jul 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


We have studied the effect of fluorine substitution on growth mode and electronic structure of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (C42H18, HBC). Fluorinated-HBC, 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexafluoro-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (C42F6H12, 6F-HBC), grew epitaxially on a Cu(111) single-crystal surface, similar to HBC. Higher crystalline films with rather flat surfaces were obtained for 6F-HBC than for HBC due to the attractive intermolecular C−H···F−C interaction. Electron spectroscopy measurements of HBC and 6F-HBC films indicated that fluorination causes energy shifts of molecular orbitals to higher binding energies and increase of the work function. Thickness dependence spectroscopic measurements revealed that the interface dipole and the ionization potential are drastically increased in 6F-HBC/Cu(111), which is favorable for n-type electric conduction through the decrease of electron injection barrier to LUMO.


Poverty is a persistent and widespread social problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a government initiative in Indonesia aimed at reducing poverty by providing conditional social assistance to eligible poor families identified as beneficiaries of the PKH. Effective dissemination of information is crucial in achieving the program's objectives. This research aims to answer questions regarding the communication patterns, barriers, and ways to overcome them in the dissemination of information for the PKH program. The research method employed is qualitative case study. The researcher collected, reduced, and presented informant responses, supported by observations to interpret the data and draw conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) The communication pattern in the dissemination of PKH information in Sumberdadap Village involves three direct parties, namely the district coordinator, facilitators, and residents, with the village providing support. 2) Barriers in the dissemination of the PKH program in Sumberdadap Village include technical, semantic, and behavioral barriers. 3) All of these barriers have been overcome through coordination among the district coordinators, facilitators, and PKH beneficiary families.


Most real-parameter genetic algorithms (RGAs) use a blending of participating parent solutions to create offspring solutions through its recombination operator. The blending operation creates solutions either around one of the parent solutions (having a parent-centric approach) or around the centroid of the parent solutions (having a mean-centric approach). In this paper, we argue that a self-adaptive approach in which a parent-centric or a mean-centric approach is adopted based on population statistics is a better procedure than either approach alone. We propose a self-adaptive simulated binary crossover (SA-SBX) approach for this purpose. On a suite of eight unimodal and multi-modal test problems, we demonstrate that a RGA with SASBX approach performs reliably and consistently better in locating the global optimum solution than the RGA with the original parent-centric SBX operator and the well-known CMA-ES approach.


The velocity of fourth sound in liquid helium is calculated for the case where the liquid fills the interstices of a macroscopically isotropic porous medium of arbitrary porosity. (auth)


The poetics of the debut stories of Gazdanov is very different from the poetics of the stories of subsequent periods of his work. These differences are especially evident in composition, plot, style and bear the imprint of innovation for literature of the first half of the XX century. An analysis of the debut stories of Gazdanov allowed us to note that they are already visible elements of the aesthetics of modernism (later, postmodernism): the rejection of the traditional composition, intrigue, plot; parody, game, self-irony, etc.


THE aim of the Quartermaster Corps is to make the United States armed forces the most effectively clothed, fed, sheltered, and equipped military force under whatever environment and operational conditions it may be called upon to live and fight. The Quartermaster General, Maj. Gen. T. B. Larkin, plans to achieve this aim through an extended research and development program utilizing both civilian institutions and military installations. The greatest part of this year's $2,500,000 research and development appropriation is being spent with industrial, educational, and private research institutions. Sixty-seven contracts have already been let with colleges and universities, 55 with industrial institutions, 6 with private research institutions, and 13 with other government agencies totaling $1,860,000. The remainder of the fund is reserved for future contracts and internal projects. Since practically all items developed by the Quartermaster are civilian type items, industry is intensely interested in Quarterm...


Title of Document: 1/f NOISE AND LUTTINGER LIQUID PHENOMENA IN CARBON NANOTUBES David Andrew Tobias, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Associate Professor Michael S. Fuhrer and Professor Christopher J. Lobb, Department of Physics Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide an ideal medium fo r testing the behavior of one-dimensional electron systems and are promising ca didates for electronic applications such as sensors or field-effect transi stors. This thesis describes the use of low frequency resistance fluctuations to measure bo th the properties of the onedimensional electron system in CNTs, and the sensit ivity of CNT devices to their environment. Low frequency noise was measured in CNTs in field effect transistor (FET) geometry. CNTs have a large amount of surface area relative to their volume and are expected to be strongly affected by their environme t, l ading to speculation that CNTs should have large amounts of 1/f noise. My mea surements indicate that the noise level is in the same range as that of traditi onal FETs, an encouraging result for possible electronic applications. The temperature d ependence of 1/f noise from 1.2 K to 300 K can be used to extract the characteristic energies of the fluctuators responsible for the noise. The characteristic energ ies allows for the elimination of structural and electronic transitions within the CN T itself as possible sources of 1/f noise in CNTs, leaving the motion of defects in the gate dielectric, or possibly strongly physisorbed species, as the likely culprit s. Another form of low frequency noise found in CNTs is random telegraph signal (RTS), which manifests as the alternation be twe n two current states at a stable voltage bias. In CNTs, this phenomenon occurs due t o the tunneling of electrons into and out of the CNT from a nearby defect, and thus p rovides a way to probe the tunneling density of states of the CNT itself. The tunneling density of states in turn provides information on the strength of the electro n-electron interaction in CNTs. Due to the one-dimensional structure of CNTs their electronic state is expected to be a Luttinger liquid, which should manifest as a powe r-law suppression of the tunneling density of states at the Fermi energy. The power law exponent is measured in both the temperature dependence and energy dependence of the tunneling rates. In agreement with theory, the power-law exponent is si gnificantly larger in semiconducting CNTs than found in previous experime nts on metallic CNTs. The RTS can also be used as a "defect thermometer" to p robe the electron temperature of the CNT. The effect of the bias voltage on the elec tron temperature provides a means to determine the energy relaxation length for the e lectrons in the CNT. 1/f NOISE AND LUTTINGER LIQUID PHENOMENA IN CARBON NANOTUBES


The keen competitions in the market economy have compelled the enterprises to continually increase their levels of management in order to exist and earn a profit; in the trend of development of globalization the enterprises in our country have even more vividly realized the ruthlessness of the market. After twenty years' probing under the reform and the open - door policy the followed measures of personnel management by the state - owned enterprises in our country during the planned economy can no longer adapt themselves to the current needs. The systematic construction of the human resource management of the state - owned enterprises has faced a new crisis when the excellent talents have left for the more promising enterprises and when the contrast of efficiency of labor of human resources between the enterprises has become even more apparent.


This contribution presents a comparative study of the use of
PLS and ANNs to analyze A and C mixtures using UV-Vis
derivative spectra. The optimum ANN architecture enabling to
model the system was established by means of TRAJAN 6.0
program. Several algorithms (Back propagation, Conjugate
gradients, Quick propagation, and Delta-Bar Delta algorithm)
were used for the training of the ANN to obtain a reliable
model. With help of a suitable experimental design in
combination with soft ANN modelling, the concentration of both
A and C in mixtures can be quantified with an excellent
accuracy (about 1 %). The quality of the testing set was
evaluated on the basis of the average root mean square error
for prediction (RMSEP) calculated from true and found values of
A and C concentrations (RMSEP = 0.07 for A and 0.09 for C). It
was found that ANN gives better results for the first and
second derivative spectra than for original spectra.
Furthermore, in comparison with PLS the ANN provides a more
reliable and precise approach in the multicomponent analysis of
A and C mixtures, where a number of different interactions take
place.


The patient admitted to the hospital with bilateral lower extremity weakness and low-back pain. On plain radiograph, there was destruction of the anterior portion of the Th8 vertebrae and narrowing of the Th7-Th8 and Th8-Th9 intervertebral disk spaces with erosion of the adjacent endplates (not showed). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study which was performed on a 1.5 T MR scanner showed involvement of the Th 7, 8,9,12 and L3 vertebrae. Th7 and Th 8 vertebrae were destructed with collapse of the Th7-8 and Th 8-9 intervertebral disc spaces. Paravertebral and epidural abscesses were also detected at the same level. The spinal cord was compressed to the posterior by expanding epidural abscess. Postgadolinium images showed intense homogenous enhancement at epidural lesions and intense heterogeneous enhancement at paravertebral lesions. Involved vertebrae also enhanced. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy under computed tomography guidance. Discussion:


This article examines eminent people who were jailed. This topic is of interest to psychology as a vehicle to explore the relation between deviance and creativity. It is hypothesized that novel ideas commonly encounter resistance and that there are societal mechanisms to repress new ideas. This article has the following sections: (a) an introduction to the problem, (b) method and results of a review of all jailed people listed in a dictionary of famous people, (c) discussion of exemplary cases, (d) the role of the Zeitgeist, and (e) a discussion of the intervening variables that account for the relation between creative work and societal detention. One of the conclusions reached is that Zeitgeists can be characterized as either hard or loose: A hard Zeitgeist is resistant to a new idea, whereas a loose Zeitgeist not only welcomes but cries out for new explanations for existing problems.


A simple limited measurement Diffuse Optical Tomographic (DOT) System is developed for scanning region of interest. Simulation and experimental results are presented. The approach is very encouraging and that could pave the way for the functional DOT system.


The energy storage of supercapacitors can be enhanced by utilizing porous carbon electrodes with nanometer or even sub-nanometer sized pores that exhibit close match of the pore and ion size. In these highly confined regimes, ion diffusion barriers may be substantial, leading to a tradeoff between power output and energy storage. In this work, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to quantify free energy barriers for ion diffusion through nanometer and sub-nanometer sized pores in carbon electrodes. We focus on prototypical electrolytes composed of trimethylethylammonium (TMEA⁺) and tetramethylammonium (TMA⁺) cations, and tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) anions, with both acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane solvents. We quantify the dependence of diffusion barriers on nanopore width and pore length as a function of solvent and ion type. Our overarching conclusion is that sub-nanometer sized pores of 7.5–10 A diameter, as previously demonstrated to be optimal for energy storage, lie exactly at the limit of diffusion accessibility at low voltage. We show that nanopore accessibility depends sensitively on the solvent dielectric strength, and that for low dielectric solvents, barriers are dictated by diffusion of ion pairs rather than single ions.


Radiation damage is used to locate proteins embedded in dense DNA in a megavirus. Dense packing of macromolecules in cellular compartments and higher-order assemblies makes it difficult to pick out even quite large components in electron micrographs, despite nominally high resolution. Immunogold labeling and histochemical procedures offer ways to map certain components but are limited in their applicability. Here, we present a differential mapping procedure, based on the physical principle of protein's greater sensitivity to radiation damage compared with that of nucleic acid.


During the last decades, the concrete industry has been widely developing in many ways such as the methods of pouring concrete in order to achieve high quality concrete and low cost. Two-stage (Pre-placed aggregate) concrete is produced by placing coarse aggregate in a form and later injecting a cement-sand grout, to fill the voids between aggregate particles. For economic and technical reasons two-stage concrete is particularly used for construction and repair of mass structures, especially foundations, underwater constructions, and in all kinds of construction with closely spaced reinforcement. This paper presents some implementations of using such concrete in repair works, some formulae and guidelines which describe the mechanical parameters of this concrete such as modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and drying shrinkage. It was found that the modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength of two-stage concrete is equivalent or higher than that of conventional concrete at the same compressive strength.


GhcelA1 cDNA full length which reported in GeneBank(U58283) was cloned from Coker 312(Gossypium hirsutum) fiber at 20 DPA(days after anthesis) for the first time using RT-PCR method.A serial of plant expression vectors for over-expression,fusion gene with EGFP(Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) and RNAi(interference) by recombination technology were constructed and confirmed by molecular and sequence methods.Expression of EGFP in infected cells was clearly evident in confocal microscopy(Zeiss LSM-510) experiments.This showed that the GhcelA1-EGFP fusion in correct construction and could express in cotton cells successfully.Clone and construction were the precondition of transformation for culture improved variety and studying on the pivotal function of cellulose synthetase in the second cell wall thicken period of cotton fiber.


Introduction: Left atrial dissection and hematoma are a life threatening condition, which are rarely seen following percutaneous coronary interventions. Diagnosis of these complications may sometimes be difficult, despite the use of the latest imaging techniques. The case presented in this paper is the first case of left atrial dissection and hematoma as complications following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department and acute inferolateral myocardial infarction was diagnosed. The left atrial hematoma as a rarely complication is developed in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusions: Preoperative echocardiography, applied before elective and emergency percutaneous coronary interventions, plays a key role in detecting many intervention-related complications in the post-intervention period.


Ecological reconstruction on bauxite residue (tailings) disposal areas is regarded as an effective approach to eliminate potential environmental risks. Establishment of microbial communities and associated functions may improve physical and chemical properties, and may stimulate soil formation in bauxite residue. Spontaneous colonization at a disposal area in Shandong Province, China, over 50 years, indicated that natural weathering can ameliorate residues, and in turn, support the establishment of vegetation communities. Residue samples were collected from unrestored, poorly restored and well restored areas to investigate the development of microbial communities and associated functions. Microbiota significantly developed after long term natural restoration. Microbial biomass, respiration and enzyme activities significantly increased in restored bauxite residue, whereas the metabolic quotient significantly decreased. In addition, the long‐term natural restoration significantly shaped the microbial structure from alkalophilic and halophilic assemblages (Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) to neutrophilic assemblages (Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes). Both microbial communities and associated functions in well restored residue had high similarity with that in natural soil, indicating that long term restoration created diverse soil‐like microbial communities and functions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that TN, followed by Na+, ESP, SOC, AP and pH were the major influence factors in the development of microbial communities in bauxite residue. These findings provide us a biogeochemical perspective to reveal soil formation in bauxite residue and suggest that nutrient supplement and regulation of salinity‐alkalinity may benefit for the establishment of microbial communities and functions in bauxite residue.


Land-use/cover change(LUCC) in Taiyuan city is analyzed based on remote sensing(RS) images in 1990 and 2000.Geographical information system technology,mathematical statistic methods,and the dynamic model of land use are used to research the spatial-temporal pattern and the trend of LUCC.Some preliminary explorations of driving forces are carried out at the same time.From the study,the following conclusions are drawn: ① Cultivated land and woodland were two dominant land use types,however,the area of the two types was decreasing with time.The area of building land was increased dramatically,and the water area was equable correspondingly.② The region's land-use fragmentation index increased,especially those interlaced areas between cultivated land and grass land and between woodland and grass land.③ The building land had replaced the cultivated land,which is the most significant land use type. ④ The land-use state trended to fragmentation while the building land had a gathering trend in ten years.⑤ The pressure from the growth of population and economy,and accelerated process of urbanization were the main factors that changed the pattern of land use in studied area.


Abstract
 Author citation of four species names in Lembophyllum Lindb. is rectified. Their authorship was incorrectly ascribed to S.O. Lindberg because of the misinterpretation of citations using "ex" and "in". The following names should correctly be ascribed to E.G. Paris who published them in 1896 in Index bryologicus: Lembophyllum clandestinum (Hook.f. et Wilson) Lindb. ex Paris, L. cochlearifolium (Schwägr.) Lindb. ex Paris, L. divulsum (Hook.f. et Wilson) Lindb. ex Paris and L. vagum (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) Lindb. ex Paris. Lembophyllum sect. Rigodiella (E.B.Bartram) Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra, comb. nov. is the correct name for the superfluous sectional name L. sect. Looseria (Thér.) Tangney.


An analysis of existing experimental results shows that the observed bending oscillations of a highly swept wing cannot have been caused by the induced effects of a single leading-edge vortex, but rather by the interaction between two leading-edge vortices, one generated by a thick inner wing or wing/body glove and the other by the outboard, thin, variable-sweep wing. This inner/outer wing vortex interaction is similar to that occurring on a double-delta planform wing. The cause of the negative aerodynamic damping from the vortex interaction is the sensitivity to the angle of attack and its time derivative of the spanwise location of a leadingedge vortex.


Sub-microfluidic devices were designed to study bacterial behavior in confinements under fluid flow. This study will provide understanding of the effectiveness of sand filtration, a major water purification strategy in the developing world. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were selected and separately flowed through sub-microscale confinements under different pressure values. Fluorescent images elucidated that strains behave differently in confinements due to distinct cell shape and wall structures, suggesting that transport through similar size confinements is not a simple function of cell size. Other pathogens must be investigated to unravel this phenomenon.


The invention provides a near stoichiometric ratio low-doped Mg:PPLN all-optical wavelength converter including an input fiber, a waveguide, a crystal, a metal casing, an output fiber, and a light source, the input fiber is arranged at the left side of the metal casing, the waveguide is arranged inside the metal casing, the crystal is arranged at the outer side of the waveguide, the output fiber is connected with the waveguide and extends out of the metal casing, and the light source is arranged at the outer side of the input fiber. By means of the light source and the crystal, the work requirement of the wavelength converter is reduced, and thus the application field of the wavelength converter is further widen, the production cost is reduced, and the use is convenient.


The course Food Microbiology is among the core courses of food majors of universities. Research on predictive microbiology and its application on quantitative risk assessment increases rapidly in recent years. Adding predictive microbiology and risk assessment contents would be helpful for college students to understand the basic theory and practice of microbiological modelling and risk control, and also provide beneficial reference for possible work of graduates on food safety supervision and management.


Neogene Langebaanweg (LBW) palaeosol-sediment-sequences at the West Coast of South Africa are well known for their well-preserved rich palaeontological heritage. The palaeosols developed on estuarine/ marine/ coastal alluvial deposits stacked on each other, ranging in age from the Mid-Miocene to Quaternary. Elemental mobility and redistribution based on major and minor element geochemistry of 11 horizons of the ~18m sequences were studied to evaluate the degree of chemical weathering, a major process of soil formation; and to reveal important palaeoenvironments in which the palaeosols developed. Elemental geochemistry was carried out on <2 mm samples by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry. The carbonate horizons (Bk and 2Bkmb2) were dominated by CaO (mean wt. % = 32.77), while the other horizons had preponderance of SiO2 (>50 % mean wt.). Two (WI-1 and WI-2) of the four weathering indices applied to evaluate weathering intensity proved unsuitable for use in an alluvial palaeosolsediment sequences such as LBW. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) and chemical index of weathering (CIW) values were relativel more consistent in distribution pattern across the pedocomplex, but caution should be applied when using them in similar cases. The pedogenic carbonate horizons on average had the lowest values for both CIA and CIW (1.12 to 2.60) suggesting more advanced weathering. Plots of geochemical ratios (quantifying pedogenic processes) against depth show striking variations among and within the palaeosol and sediment sections. Soil formation was more advanced in the Mid-Miocene and Pliocene than in the Quaternary suggesting a more humid and warmer climate than present. We evaluated selected geochemical climofunctions and conclude that more data are obviously needed for a more robust calibration of the models in Langebaanweg palaeosols.


Following the principle of "improving management,providing comprehensive service to raise quality of operational running",Maanshan Iron Steel Co.Ltd.,is striving to achieve sustainable and sound development of its iron ore mines.


The purpose of this paper is to construct and program a prosthetic hand that can make various complex, coordinated movements based on command from sensors. The main objective of this scientific paper is to research and design a prosthetic hand prototype, including the development of algorithms for intelligent systems that will be used for self-control. As a product of this project is a prosthetic arm customized for a selected patient, which is able to meet some human requirements. And the same hand is given in service to the patient designed for daily use.


The demand for the circular hollow section (CHS) has been increasing due to its structural advantage in long-span structures and high-rise buildings. There are not enough researches on the CHS structure, though. The behavior of the gusset plate CHS joint, to predict the ultimate strength, is not easy to predict because the load deflection curve does not show consistency. Therefore, in this study, experiments and finite element analysis (FEA) were carried out to determine the ultimate strength according to the proposed ultimate deformation limit. Finally, a reasonable ultimate strength formula was proposed through comparisons with other design guides.


F rancis Fukuyama's latest book, Our Posthuman Future: Conse- quences of the Biotechnology Revolution, opens with a description of Aldous Huxley's scientiWcally engineered dystopia in Brave New World. "The aim of this book," states Fukuyama, "is to argue that Huxley was right, that the most signiWcant threat posed by contem- porary biotechnology is the possibility that it will alter human nature and thereby move us into a 'posthuman' stage of history" (7). Both sympathetic and critical readers of Fukuyama's previous work may be able to discern how the book proceeds; it is an impassioned de- fense of liberal humanism against contemporary cultures of laissez- faire individualism and unregulated corporate technoscience. While scientiWc progress is needed and desired for the good of all, if un- checked that progress threatens to alter the conditions of our com- mon humanity with the prospect of terrible social costs. The threat here is fundamental for Fukuyama; genetic technologies will alter the material and biological basis of the natural human equality that serves as the basis of political equality and human rights. Fukuyama asks, "(W)hat will happen to political rights once we are able to, in effect, breed some people with saddles on their backs, and others with boots and spurs?" (9-10). Fukuyama's book is timely, not for the persuasiveness of his arguments, but for his staunch defense of the state regulation of biotechnology grounded in an Enlightenment narrative of a shared and inviolable human essence. In a world increasingly populated with genetically modiWed organisms and artiWcial life of all kinds, including the practical and potential manipulation of the biology of


NeXL is a series of loosely coupled software packages in the Julia language implementing X-ray microanalysis routines. simulator of electron transport.


ABSTRACT Background The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of atopy and regular therapy for asthma on exhaled nitric oxide (eNO). Methods Exhaled NO was measured using a chemi-luminescence analyzer during slow expiration in 83 children, aged 5-7 years, after hospitalization for wheezing in infancy. The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 7.2 ± 0.7 years, 28% were girls and 42% were atopic. A total of 31 children (37%) had asthma with regular medication: 20 were taking cromones, and 11 were taking inhaled steroids. Results In the asthma group, the median concentration of eNO was 14.9 p.p.b. (range 3.5-56.1 p.p.b.) in atopics and 7.3 p.p.b. (range 5.1-15.6 p.p.b.) in non-atopics (P Conclusion We conclude that eNO concentrations associate significantly with atopic asthma.


China's private economy has been developing increasingly with the open policy.Today,China's entry into WTO makes it possible for private economy to develop move quickly and healthily.Therefore,such measures should be takes as reaching a common understanding of private economy,defining the position and function of private economy,and making adjustments in government policy to improve the external environment for private economy.


The SIS type hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive(HMPSA) was prepared by melt blending method. The effects of tackifying resin,softening oil, and SIS structure parameters on the viscosity, initial adhesion and peel strength of HMPSA were investigated. By a single factor test sys-tem, the influences of tackifying resin, softening oil and base resin on the hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive viscosity,initial pack,and peel strength were discussed; furthermore the effect of intrinsic physical and chemical structure of tackifying resin on the HMPSA was researched. The results showed that the softening point of tackifying resin had a significant impact on the viscosity and peel strength of HMPSA. Through the orthogonal ex-periment, it was concluded that the key factor which had an effect on the viscosity was oil content, the key factor which influenced the peel strength was tackifying resin, and the oil content and tackifying resin both had effects on the initial adhesion.


Since Descartes created modern Western philosophy,the self problem has been the important thesis of modern philosophy.Descartes affirmed the self's reality and its siginificance in human mental life.Hume repudiated Descartes' doctrine and thought of the self as an illusion.The early psychology took the self as a significant concept,and set up the psychological theory about the self.After 1910,owing to the coming into being of the behaviorism psychology and the philosophy of language,the self problem was entirely discarded by the psychology and the philosophy.After 1970s,with the springing up of cognitive science and the philosophy of mind,the self problem became an important thesis in many disciplines again.At present,from the view of development,the self problem has become many dixciplines' sixty-four-dollar question,so to study the self problem is of great importance for many disciplines.These disciplines include the cognitive science,the cognitive nueroscience,the behavior science,the philosophy of mind,and so on.


During the past year, federal and state prosecutors across the country have issued subpoenas to newsmen and their employers in order to gain access to confidential information obtained in the process of gathering news about highly controversial topics.' This use of the subpoena power has substantially increased the likelihood of a conflict between the administration of justice and the public's First Amendment interest in a free flow of information.2 Government officials have justified their actions by pointing to the dangerous activities about which newsmen


Introduction: There is significant potential for mobile health technology, such as smartphone applications and text messaging, to improve health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. There is a need for further development of such mobile health technology, as well as further investigation into the clinical efficacy of such technology in improving the health of patients in lower-income communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate what type of mobile health information our patients at the LAC+USC Resident Primary Care Clinics utilize to educate themselves about managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Methods: 150 subjects, all patients of the resident primary care clinics of LAC+USC Medical Center, completed a 25 question survey June 2014 to August 2014. Surveys were delivered in the patient's primary language. Demographic information such as age, ethnicity, primary language, annual income, and highest education level were collected. Use of mobile technology and social media, as well as patient interest in using mobile health technology were stratified by annual income and education level.

Results: In terms of demographic information, 73% of subjects earned an annual household income of less than $20,000 per year and 67.1% of patients had obtained at least a high school diploma. Ninety percent of subjects owned a cellular phone, with 75.6% of these subjects owning a cellular phone with internet capability. Fifty-nine percent of subjects used mobile applications on their cellular phones, but only 27.5% of these individuals used mobile applications related to their health. Eighty-seven percent of subjects stated they would be interested in using a cellular phone application to improve their health, with 89% of respondents stating they would use this type of application either every day or every week. Patients stated they would find the mobile health application most useful for obtaining general information on medical conditions as well information to improve their nutrition.

Conclusions: Despite the majority of our primary care patients are of lower socioeconomic status, our patients utilize cellular phones with internet and mobile application capabilities to great extent. There was a wide range of education levels despite the majority of our patients meeting the federal poverty guidelines. There is substantial interest amongst our patients in using mobile health technology to both manage and prevent chronic diseases. Given that cultural, educational, and socioeconomic disparities strongly correlate with higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, access to culturally-relevant mobile health tools may help to improve health outcomes in these populations.

Future Research: We plan to create a culturally-relevant mobile health application that patients of our primary clinics can utilize to manage their chronic diseases. []


"This booklet was prepared in observance of the 75th anniversary of the Illinois State Geological Survey. The act creating the Geological Survey was approved by the Illinois General Assembly on May 12, 1905, and H. Foster Bain assumed direction of the Survey on November 1."


Little Bahama Bank, an isolated carbonate platform in the northern Bahamas (70 km to 200 km in size), exhibits massive subsurface dolomitization of late Tertiary carbonates. Strontium isotope ratios suggest two bank-wide episodes of dolomitization, a Miocene period for Miocene rocks and a short Pleistocene episode for Pliocene carbonates. In order to constrain the nature and evolution of dolomitizing waters, an extensive survey of carbon and oxygen isotopes was conducted on four cores (up to 100 m long) from a transect across the bank. The oxygen isotope values of the dolomites range from + 2 to + 4 per thousand (PDB) but when corrected for the effects of major element nonstoichiometry are remarkably constant (+ 4.1 per thousand) throughout the entire platform. In contrast the carbon isotopic compositions are extremely variable, with the margin dolomites exhibiting heavier values than those from the platform interior. This variability is present in both the Miocene (+ 3.2 to + 1.5 per thousand) and the Pliocene sections (+ 2.4 to + 1.9 per thousand). Time constraints and the stable isotopic signatures suggest that oxygen isotopes were dominated bank wide by an overwhelming and compositionally constant isotope pool (water dominated) linked to a powerful flowmore » system, while carbon signatures became controlled by the (calcitic) precursor rock composition (- 0.8 per thousand) toward the bank interior. For the carbon reservoir this indicates fluid evolution from water dominated at the bank margin to rock dominated in the platform interior. Carbon isotope differences (0.8 per thousand) between the two dolomite generations at the bank margin consequently reflect carbon fluctuations of the dolomitizing fluid pool.« less


In The Art of Brutalism: Rescuing Hope from Catastrophe in 1950s Britain, Ben Highmore offers a comprehensive exploration of brutalism as an ethos and sensibility in art in 1950s Britain. This magnificent and handsomely illustrated history undertakes an insightful dissection of both the artistic milieu that inspired these works and the transforming society from which they emerged, writes Conor McCafferty.


The engine made an unwanted noise when it set to work.It was found that the valve spring and the valve were broken off.Respectively analyzing the materials of the valve and the valve spring,the results show that they accord with the technology standard.On the observation of macroscopic appearance of the spring,analyzing shearing stress of inside and outside face,helix angles and compression to the working spring,accordingly educed that the scrape of the spring result in cracking,the valve dropping into cylinder and stroking made an unwanted noise,distortion and rupture.


Abstract : The titles of publications, technical reports, and students who earned degrees under the Grant are listed for the final report. (Author)


NURSE TEACHERS who give character references to students who are later found not to have personal attributes needed to be a nurse could be asked to explain their actions to the Nursing and Midwifery council.


The SAW on rotated "leaky" Y-cuts LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 is a dominantly localized near surface slow shear-horizontal wave, which is weakly coupled to the fast shear bulk wave. Any surface perturbation can lead to radiation of bulk-acoustic waves from the device, increasing losses. To minimize this radiation, LSAW resonators are typically synchronous, with all electrodes in the IDT and in the reflectors having the same periodicity and shape. Moreover, the crystal cut and the thickness of the metallization are typically optimized to minimize the acoustic radiation [1]. We show here that the ends of the IDTs can be a source of bulk wave radiation and, hence, cause additional losses, similar to known effect of the leaky SAW scattering on gaps between IDTs.


This paper depicts the system design of an automatic golf collection robot. The robot is an intelligent system that consisted of three modules: the hardware module includes the mechanical structure and the electrical system; the control module processes the signals from the multiple sensors and outputs the instructions to navigate the robot; the vision module is used for recognition the golf balls from the grass background. The robot has been tested on the driving range, the basic functions of the robot have been achieved. The golf collection robot supersedes the human labor and shows a good application prospect.


Strains deficient in recombinational repair (recA−) failed to be reverted by MNNG. Caffeine was found to efficiently repress MNNG-induced reversions with proficient and deficient (uvrB−) excision repair strains. The presence of the resistance plasmid pKM 101 had no influence on the effectiveness of caffeine.


A latest advance in Relief-feature-weighting techniques is that the iterative procedure of Relief can be approximately expressed as a margin maximization problem, and therefore, its distinctive properties can be investigated with the help of optimization theory. Being motivated by this advance, the Relief-feature-weighting algorithm is investigated for the first time within a fuzzy-optimization framework. A new margin-based objective function that incorporates three fuzzy concepts, namely, fuzzy-difference measure, fuzzy-feature weighting, and fuzzy-instance force coefficient, is introduced. By the application of fuzzy optimization to this new margin-based objective function, several useful theoretical results are derived, based upon which, a set of robust Relief-feature-weighting algorithms are proposed for two-class data, multiclass data, and, then, online data. As demonstrated by extensive experiments in synthetic datasets, the University of California at Irvine (UCI)-benchmark datasets, cancer-gene-expression datasets, and face-image datasets, the proposed algorithms were found to be competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms and robust for datasets with noise and/or outliers.


A simple, fast and inexpensive microwave-irradiated reaction permitting the synthesis of new sulfonylmethylbenzothiazoles in water by S-alkylation of 2-chloromethyl-6-nitrobenzothiazole 2 with different benzenesulfinic acid anions 3 is reported.


Wireless video broadcast plays an important role in multimedia communication with the emergence of mobile video applications. However, conventional video broadcast designs suffer from a cliff effect due to separated source and channel encoding. The newly proposed SoftCast scheme employs a cross-layer design, whose reconstructed video quality is proportional to the channel condition. In this paper, we provide the performance evaluation and the parameter optimization of the SoftCast system. Optimization principles on parameter selection are suggested to obtain a better video quality, occupy less bandwidth and/or utilize lower complexity. In addition, we compare SoftCast with H.264 in the LTE EPA scenario. The simulation results show that SoftCast provides a better performance in the scalability to channel conditions and the robustness to packet losses.


This contribution focuses on designing a disturbance feedforward control for optically addressed deformable mirrors (OADMs). These mirrors can be used as intra-cavity actuators in high-power lasers to compensate for wavefront perturbations and for beam shaping within the framework of adaptive optics. For achieving the required deformations with high precision, the thermoelastic transfer behavior of the control intensity as well as disturbances due to the primary intensity have to be taken into account. The proposed control approach aims at minimizing the control effort in a spatial sense. Moreover, input constraints are considered explicitly, as the control intensity acts as a volumetric heat source which cannot cool the mirror. Furthermore, the 3D heat transfer in the cylindrical mirror is captured by a modal decomposition in the plate-direction in conjunction with a closed-form solution in the normal direction. By applying a similar approach to the mechanical equations, we are in the position to compute the equilibrium solution of the overall system in an efficient way. Based on the optimal solution, we subsequently derive an approximate solution by virtue of heuristics towards an online-capable algorithm. Finally, the performance is illustrated by means of simulations and a benchmark optimization.


Abstract The syntheses of four trifunctional reagents for alkylating sulfhydryl groups in proteins are described: N-γ-maleimidobutyrylbiocytinyl-tyramine (compound I) and its sulfone, N-γ-maleimidobutyrylbiocytinyltyrosine (compound II), and N-α-4-maleimidobutyrylbiocytinamido-2 ′-[p-(hydroxyphenyl)-propionamido] ethane (compound III). Each reagent contains a maleimide function capable of reacting with SH groups, a p-hydroxyphenyl group that can be iodinated, and a "biotin handle" to facilitate purification of the derivatized proteins or peptides derived from them by biotin-avidin affinity chromatography. Detailed conditions for obtaining the pure di-iododerivatives of the compounds have been developed. The biotin is attached to all the reagents via the ϵ-amino group of lysine (biocytin) to provide sufficient space for optimum binding to avidin. The half-times (t 1 2 ) for dissociation of compound I from succinoyl avidin (36.7 days), its monoiodo (26.1 days) and di-iodo derivatives (21.4 days), and compound I sulfone (29.8 days), demonstrate that iodination does not significantly interfere with binding of the biotin residue to succinoyl avidin and that these reagents can be used effectively as affinity ligands. Remarkably, all the reagents can be iodinated without loss of their sulfhydryl alkylating capacity. Alkylation of highly purified human placental insulin receptor with the di-iodo derivatives of the reagents resulted in significant incorporation of 125I into the β-subunit of the receptor and the alkylation was prevented by prior exposure of the receptor to NEM. The advantages of these reagents over those previously available are that the parent molecules (1) are inexpensive to prepare, (2) are solids that can be stored indefiniteIy without degradation, (3) and can be radiolabeled to specific activity levels over seventy times higher with 125I than the specific activity available for 3H derivatives.


In china,most of the students of non-English major have a little English learning interest.It is a common phenomenon in college.Teachers should adopt many English teaching methods in daily teaching to arouse the students' English learning interest and help students enhance their comprehensive abilities in listening,speaking,reading,and writing.


In this work, we consider linear and nonlinear fractional stochastic delay systems driven by the Rosenblatt process. With the aid of the delayed Mittag-Leffler matrix functions and the representation of solutions of these systems, we derive the controllability results as an application. By introducing a fractional delayed Gramian matrix, we provide sufficient and necessary criteria for the controllability of linear fractional stochastic delay systems. Furthermore, by employing Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, we establish sufficient conditions for the controllability of nonlinear fractional stochastic delay systems. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the main results.


ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and myopia progression in young adulthood may worsen this public health issue. Background The aim was to describe the changes in myopia and various ocular biometry parameters, and to determine the incidence and related factors of myopic shift among young adults in China. Methods This 2-year prospective cohort study was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yet-san University, China. A total of 291 Chinese medical freshmen (314 enrolled at baseline) were followed over 2 years. The participants underwent detailed eye examinations at baseline and follow-up visits, including cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry measurements, and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Visual fatigue was assessed with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) using Rasch analysis. Questionnaire on eye care habits and physical activities was administered. Results A total of 291 study participants (baseline mean [SD] age, 18.7 [0.9] years; 132 [45.4%] male) were analysed. Seventy eight (26.8%) developed a myopic shift (defined as negative change in spherical equivalent worse than or equal to −0.50 D) over a 2-year period. The magnitude of subfoveal choroidal thinning was greater in participants with myopic shift, compared to those without. Axial length increased significantly by 0.12 mm in the group with myopic shift, compared to 0.02 mm in those without the myopic shift (p < 0.001) over 2 years. After multivariable adjustment, visual fatigue (using CISS) was found to be associated with the myopic shift (p = 0.02). Conclusions Approximately one in four Chinese medical students had a clinically significant myopic shift. Choroidal thinning and axial elongation were observed in young adults with myopic shift. Greater visual fatigue score at baseline was associated with myopic shift after multivariable adjustment.


The article presents examples of radiological emergencies with ionizing radiation sources used in radioisotope devices. A number of measures aimed at emergency response in relation to such emergencies, including in relation to the control of the radiation situation (CRS) and its assessment, are considered. A variant of building a complex of mobile CRS tools for a comprehensive monitoring system for the state of the population protection is presented. Special attention is paid to the justification and optimization of the CRS use in situations of control loss over IRS, including technical, organizational and scientific approaches to the use of these mobile tools. In order to optimize the group integrated use of mobile CRS tools, typical radiological situations are studied in advance and rational options for the mobile CRS tools using are selected, taking into account different environmental conditions, including natural-geographical, climatic and man-made factors. The considered approaches to optimization in the use of mobile means of comprehensive systems of the public protection conditions monitoring in radiological emergencies allow, first of all, to increase the efficiency of their use and ensure the successful implementation of tasks for the prevention and elimination of such emergencies consequences.


Transport of organic acids in the developing kidney has been studied extensively utilizing para-aminohippurate; however, relatively little is known about the renal handling of the endogenous organic acid, uric acid, during early development. IU levels of CUA were examined by clearance studies performed within 48 hrs of birth in 16 term and 22 stable infants 29-37 wks gestational age (GA). Creatinine clearance(CCr) r=.433,CUA r=.326 and filtered UA r=.365 increased with GA. Fractional urate excretion(FEUA,y) declined with GA(x), r=1.217-.02x, r=-0.5,P<.01. Serum urate(SUA) also declined with GA, r=-.456. IU levels of FEUA were unrelated to SUA, FE Na or urine flow rate. IU values were:EU maturation of CUA was examined in 33 clearance periods obtained at weekly intervals in 19 of these infants, GA 29-35 wks. FEUA was inversely related to conceptional age(CA=IU+EU), y=1.05-.021x,r=-.42,p<.01. No relationship was observed between CA and CUA,r=-.04 or SUA,r=-.26. SUA reached a nadir by 1-2 wks EU age regardless of SUA at birth. We conclude that FEUA is extremely high during early development and factor(s) other than glomerular filtration or SUA result in the IU and EU decline in FEUA.


There has been significant progress in certain areas of software engineering in China during the past five years. This volume is the first in a series of reports on outstanding results by Chinese computer scientists. It consists of twelve papers contributed by leading computer scientists in China. This book is a must for all professionals engaged in software engineering research.


Introduction: Intraoperative bleeding causes stress to surgeon due to increased operation time sometimes increasing up to 1-3 hours extra time than necessary. Postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty are very much disturbing for both patients and their surgeons. However, techniques that are readily available without any significant additional costs are incorporated easily into surgical practice of rhinoplasty. The basic aim of this study was to minimize intraoperative bleeding, postoperative edema, and periorbital ecchymosis and to reduce morbidity in Rhinoplasty with cold saline-soaked gauze compression. Material and methods: The study was designed as a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study in a tertiary referral hospital in Hyderabad. Hundred patients who underwent rhinoplasty or septorhinoplasty were included. Hundred patients undergoing septorhinoplasty or rhinoplasty were divided into 3 groups. In the group I, study group, the nasal dorsum was continuously compressed with cold saline-soaked gauze during the operation and during the post-operative period for 24 hours. In the group II, control group, the nasal dorsum was continuously compressed with dry gauze during operation and during the postoperative period for 24 hours. In the group III, compression was not at all done either with cold saline soaked gauze or with dry gauze. The total duration of the operation, amount of bleeding and edema over nose and around eyes were recorded during surgery. Eye lid edema and periorbital ecchymosis was recorded at 24 hours and on postoperative days 2,3,5 and 7 and degree of Nose edema on 7 by two 2 investigators. Results: The operation time was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group. Nose edema, eyelid edema and periorbital ecchymosis were significantly less almost negligible in the study group at the following postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7 Conclusion: Eye lid edema and periorbital ecchymosis are the main post-operative morbidities of rhinoplasty apart from stress to surgeon due to increased operation time with bleeding during surgery. Cold saline-soaked gauze compression during operation has significant impact on these morbidities and less eventful postoperative period.


Acacia, with over 1000 species, is the largest plant genus in Australia and is distributed throughout most of the continent. This work investigates seed mass and seedling phyllotaxy development in 287 species of this genus to better understand these important ecological and taxonomic traits. Seed mass varied over 100-fold with an average mass of 17.9 (range 2.1–308) mg per seed. Two common forms of seedling phyllotaxy were seen. The most common seedling development type displayed a pinnate first leaf with an alternate, bipinnate second leaf (pinnate : bipinnate). In the less common form, the first two leaves were pinnate and opposite each other (pinnate : pinnate). When compared with the phylogenetic tree of Acacia, the pinnate : pinnate state is more commonly resolved in taxa found at the basal nodes of the tree, but not exclusively. Overall, species with heavier seeds have more seedling leaflet pairs and pinnules. However, it was also found that the pinnate : bipinnate seedlings had more first leaf leaflet pairs than the pinnate : pinnate form. The pinnate : pinnate plants had an identical number of leaflet pairs on their first and second leaves. The number of leaflet pairs on the first leaf was highly correlated with the number of pinnules on a leaflet of the second leaf on the pinnate : bipinnate form. We discuss the phyllotactic variation within the Acacia phylogenetic context and possible developmental processes.


This paper expands the learning curve of enterprise to the general society learning curve in order to establish the theoretical basis of the industrial policy.The author thinks that the industrial policy aims to promote economy to quickly form a learning curve in a certain industry so that it can be an advantage in cost competition.Therefore, the government investment behavior included in the industrial policy bears only information disclosure function.The essence of the industrial policy is to prove the disclosed information to be true, so that the transfer of the enterprise resources can be stably predicted.


In spite of numerous studies on the development of private enforcement in Europe, the international dimension of collective actions has been neglected. This article studies the present situation…


We have investigated experimentally the finite-temperatureproperties of a Bose-Einstein condensed cloud of $^{87}$Rb atomsin a harmonic trap. Focusing primarily on condensed fraction andexpansion energy, we measure unambiguous deviations from ideal-gasthermodynamics, and obtain good agreement with a Hartree-Fockdescription of the mixed cloud. Our results offer for the firsttime clear evidence of the mutual interaction between thecondensed and thermal components. To probe the low-temperatureregion unaccessible to the usual time-of-flight technique, we usecoherent Bragg scattering as a filtering technique for thecondensate. This allows us to separate spatially the condensedand normal components in time of flight, and to measure reliablytemperatures as low as $0.2~T_{\\rm c}^0$ and thermal fractions aslow as 10\\%.Finally, we observe evidence for thelimitations of the usual image analysis procedure, pointing out tothe need for a more elaborate model of the expansion of the mixedcloud.


Unilateral ulnar‐nerve blocks were made in 10 volunteers and changes in the pain sensation, the temperature, the response to pain stimuli of the sympathogalvanic reflex, and in the muscle power were recorded. All methods gave parallel and similar curves of the onset of the block, its completion and its duration.


One of the main biological markers of the presence of cancer in living patients is an over-expression of total choline (tCho), which is the sum of free choline and its derivatives. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, or H-MRS, enables the quantification of tCho via its proton spectra, and thus has the potential to be a diagnostic tool for the presence of cancer and an accurate early indicator of the response of cancer to treatment. However, it remains difficult to quantify individual choline derivatives, since they share a large structural similarity ((CH3)3-N+-CH2-CH2-O-), of which the strongest signal detectable by MRS is that of the choline "head group": the three methyl groups bonded to the nitrogen. This work used ACENet, a high performance computing system, to attempt to model the NMR parameters of choline derivatives, with the focus of this report being free choline. Optimized structures were determined using Density Functional Theory and the B3LYP electron correlation functional. The Polarizable Continuum Model was used to evaluate solvent effects. The Gauge-Invariant Atomic Orbital method was found to be the superior method for calculating the NMR parameters of cholines.


Abstract A four-step, practical, and easily scalable synthesis of 3-ethyl-4-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, an important building block of the antidiabetic drug glimepiride, has been accomplished. Key features are the synthesis of 3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-butenolide in water and triflic acid mediated N-benzyl lactam N-deprotection. The main advantages of this process are the scalable synthetic route and decreased number of reaction steps, which paves the way for the industrial-scale synthesis of 3-ethyl-4-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.


Owing to increasing uncertainty caused by climate change and rapid economic development,water resource management is facing dynamic and complex challenges. Construction of a water-saving society is one of China's national development strategies and various policies have been implemented. Computable general equilibrium models(CGE) are becoming a popular method for analyzing the impact of environment policy on economic development in. Here,we establish a water resources computable general equilibrium model(WCGE),which includes the water production and supply industry,water resources price and subsidy. Three scenarios adjust the water resource price,reducing subsidized water and promoting water-using technology progress. Using Jiangxi province as an example,this paper simulates and analyses the three policies' economic and social impacts. The results show that the three policies can enhance water utilization efficiency and decrease the consumption of water. Increasing the water resource price and reducing subsidized water will have negative impacts on the economy,employment,resident and enterprise revenue,while water-using technology progress can promote the economy and water-saving. Agriculture is very sensitive to all scenarios and has great water-saving potential. In conclusion, many water policies can be adopted to control the rapid growth in water demand and consideration must be given to each policy before implementation. The Jiangxi Government should consider agriculture as the most important sector to implement water conservation,and variety measures should be steadily and continuously adopted to promote water conservation technology.


The paper presents the case of bilateral simultaneous breast amputation due to different histological classification cancer. The right breast tumor was non-palpable.


The water distribution regulation system of Fukuoka City is a system in which motor valves are operated by remote control while pressure gauges and flow meters attached to distribution pipes are monitored. One of the main objectives towards the wise management of this system is to regulate pressure in all the network nodes between lower and upper target values. With the ever-increasing complexity of the city-wide distribution pipe network, motor valve operations to regulate pressure and flow came to depend more and more on the experience and skills of operators. For this reason, an improvement of valve operations support should be done based on valve operation planning for flow and pressure regulation, and the operation knowledge database which is constructed on the basis of past experience in order to prevent the events of pressure regulation falls outside the required target pressure range, feeds the different network nodes with the required water demand and also to reduce the effort of operators. Therefore in this study an analysis of the existing flow meters reading of a certain block within the city district is performed using an unsupervised class of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) named SelfOrganizing Maps (SOM). Two different models are constructed; the first is used for long term operation with the assistance of three years of hourly telemetry data while the second model is performed using two days of one minute telemetry data for short term operation. Both models treat the valve operations rules and the resulted water pressure by an indirect way. Results show that SOM is an efficient tool in clustering the different complicated operational patterns of valves, visualizing the huge amount of telemetry data, detecting the patterns which need future improvement and could present good alternative solutions for improving future valve operational support.


Objective:To study the change of neurotrophin 3(NT-3) in the spinal motor neuron and the association between it and the degree of degeneration and death in spinal motor neuron following sciatic nerve lesion in the rats.Methods:The sciatic nerve lesion was induced with cutting and removing part of the sciatic nerve in the adult and 3 days of age rats.The rats were allowed to survive for 3,7,14,21,28 days.The extent of spinal motor neuron death and degeneration was examined,the level of NT-3 in spinal motor neuron were measured with image analysis.Results:The level of NT-3 in spinal motor neuron in suckling and adult rat groap was significant reduced following sciatic nerve lesion,and it was lowest in the second week after sciatic nerve lesion.The level of NT-3 in spinal motor neuron in the 28th day following sciatic nerve lesion did not increase to it of the control.The change of spinal motor neuron death and degeneration was similar to the change of the level of NT-3.The level of NT-3 in spinal motor neuron in suckling rat was highter than it in adult rat. Conclusion:The level of NT-3 in spinal motor neurons would take change following sciatic nerve lesion,and the death and degeneration of spinal motor neuron may be induced by the peripheral nerve lesion,The level of NT-3 in spinal motor neuron was negative with the extent of spinal motor neuron death and degeneration.