Hypersensitive dentin is an important problem that should be controlled in the clinical fields of preventive dentistry, prosthodontics, and fillings, and especially in patient care in periodontal surgery cases. According to hydrodynamic theory of Brannstrom, several therapeutic methods have been applied, such as glassionomer cement filling, fluoride application, and protein coagulation. However, such treatments do not sufficiently relieve a patient's various discomforts derived from hypersensitivity of dentin.We carried out a clinical study on the effect of jelly containing zinc sulfate and aluminum chloride for these discomforts in comparison with that of a control jelly containing NaF.The reaction towards cold water was improved to 81.8 % for persons and 86.4% for individual teeth (P<0.05). The effects were also observed in the reactions towards cold air and scratching, without any side effects.


This study was to identify the extent of and the relationships among self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress in clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects were 201 clinical nurses from three different general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from May 26 to August 9, 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Sheffe test, and Partial correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress were moderate, 3.50, 3.58, and 3.44 respectively. There were statistically significant relationships between marital status, influence of religion, the number of night shifts per month, motives for choosing nursing as a career, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Spiritual well-being was found to be significantly related to all participants' general characteristics, and job stress was significantly related to marital status and type of religion. There was a significantly weak positive correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual well-being, and a weak negative correlation between self-efficacy and job stress. There was no significant correlation between job stress and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: This study suggests that effective strategies to foster spiritual well-being is needed to enhance clinical nurses' self-efficacy, which should equip clinical nurses to better deal with job stress in their work places.


As companies consider incorporating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approaches into their strategic business planning, it is important that they recognize the role this tool can play in improving their competitive position. One area in which LCA is contributing to business success is as a communication tool within the customer-supplier relationship. Unlike traditional product information, such as performance and cost, a consensus communication tool does not yet exist to communicate environmental attributes. An abridged LCA is one methodology gaining acceptance within industry as a technique for supporting environmental claims. This paper describes a format for using LCA within the customer-supplier relationship.


The switching system is one of the important models which describe the hybrid dynamical systems. Different models and the switching rules are adopted to better describe the motion of the actual complicated systems. Combined with advantages of the PMSM and BLDCM, the paper proposed the switching control strategy for Brushless PM Motor with the rule of output feedback based on switching system theory. Then the linear model of the switching control system was obtained and the stability of it was analyzed. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that the switching control strategy is stable and could effectively improve the efficiency and reduce the torque ripple of the motor in full speed range.


Using magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), we have investigated the magnetic properties of exchange-biased FePt 3 (110)/Fe (211) bilayer films epitaxially grown onto MgO (110). The Fe layer exhibits a large uniaxial anisotropy, the magnitude of which is quantitatively accounted for by epitaxial strains. The FePt 3 layer is chemically ordered in the L1 2 phase which develops antiferromagnetic (AF) order below T N 1 = 160 K. Cooling through T N 1 , the Fe layer becomes exchange biased and its anisotropy is reduced as a result of exchange coupling to the AF-ordered FePt 3 . Negative exchange bias is observed for cooling fields directed along the FePt 3 in-plane [001] and out-of-plane [110] directions, whereas small positive bias is observed when cooling along the in-plane [110] direction. Both the biasing and reduction in anisotropy are consistent with the FePt 3 moments lying in the (110) plane with the most likely spin directions being the out-of-plane [111] and [111] axes. A second magnetic transition is observed at T N 2 =100K. This transition is reflected in the temperature dependence of the coercive field, exchange bias, and FMR resonance and linewidth. Such a transition has only been observed for slightly Fe-rich FePt 3 bulk alloys as a reorientation into a second AF phase. However, our films are slightly Pt rich and neutron scattering did not indicate evidence of a transition at T N 2 in similarly grown FePt 3 films on MgO (110). Possible origins of the second magnetic transition in the coupled structure are discussed.


Yearling auctions constitute the most common means of trading prospective Thoroughbred racehorses. The main objective of many equine operations is to breed yearlings to sell at these auctions, and therefore, the ability of breeders to consistently realize positive returns is paramount to their long-term participation in the market. In this article, we investigate the estimated profitability of Thoroughbred yearlings sold in auctions from 2001–2018. According to our estimates, less than 50% of transactions were profitable, with negative median profit in all years under analysis but two. In addition, the likelihood of realizing a positive return diminishes as the quality of sire decreases. Our results suggest that the long-run sustainability for many breeders, especially breeders that may lack the capital to invest in high quality stallions, is questionable.


Future ultrafast x-ray light sources might image ultrafast coherent electron motion in real-space and in real-time. For a rigorous understanding of such an imaging experiment, we extend the theory of non-resonant x-ray scattering to the time-domain. The role of energy resolution of the scattering detector is investigated in detail. We show that time-resolved non-resonant x-ray scattering with no energy resolution offers an opportunity to study time-dependent electronic correlations in non- equilibrium quantum systems. Furthermore, our theory presents a unified description of ultrafast x-ray scattering from electronic wave packets and the dynamical imaging of ultrafast dynamics using inelastic x-ray scattering by Abbamonte and co-workers. We examine closely the relation of the scattering signal and the linear density response of electronic wave packets. Finally, we demonstrate that time-resolved x-ray scattering from a crystal consisting of identical electronic wave packets recovers the instantaneous electron density.


Peter F. Jensen's The Revelation of God, the most recent contribution to the Contours of Christian Theology series, offers a distinctively evangelical approach to the doctrine of revelation.1 In this work Jensen is concerned with what has traditionally been called 'theological prolegomena', that is, with the explication of the method and principles of Christian theology as a whole and, more particularly, with the problem of how human beings come to know God. In the discussion that follows I will first outline the main features of Jensen's method within its broad theological context, and secondly I will provide a positive evaluation of this method. Finally I will offer some criticisms of the doctrine of revelation that Jensen develops in connection with his method.


Parasites or parasite refers to inventory that is located on or within another organism for growth and reproduction of the environment and the food in the home. Does not have to harm the parasite to its host sometimes live together peacefully. Property is a parasitic disease, and the host property is self-defense. Including property, the parasite is to infect, offensive, traumatic and detoxified. If the parasite can cause enough damage to its host, the host will come changes in the protests which have been glaring disease [1].


A sparsity-promoting technique for the diagnosis of faulty elements in planar array antennas from amplitude-only far-field measurements is presented and assessed. By profitably exploiting the Compressive Sensing theory as well as a proper relaxation of the involved constraints, the diagnosis is cast as a Convex Programming problem. A rule of thumb about the minimum number of needed measurements in order to achieve a satisfactory fitting between reference and reconstructed data is also given.


Abstract God Almighty made the religion of Islam to be the seal of religions, and that his law, which came by the Prophet peace be upon him the last laws of heaven, and required the will of God to preserve this religion and its provisions of any alteration or distortion.  Therefore, God has prepared for this conservation and attention to its causes, and the reasons for the preservation of this religion that in every time and place scientists dedicated themselves to serve and attention to it. And scientists have a great status and a high degree of God Almighty, where the elevation of their status and the highest and distinguished from the human beings, there is no doubt that the fulfillment of these scientists to revive their memory, and enlightenment books of science and benefits and arts, for this I wrote about the Sheikh who gave people effort to show them ways Al-Huda explains to them the provisions of their religion, namely Sheikh Abdullah bin Mustafa Al-Naqshbandi Al-Harashi. Sheikh Abdullah Al-Naqshbandi, may Allah have mercy on him, is one of the scholars of this era, he is one of the knights of Islamic sciences and Shari'a, and this is shown to those who have studied his writings, as well as the legal sciences in the field of law, economics, finance and literature, and where no one has written about his life ,in this research I interviewed his son, Dr. Sheikh Hassan Naqshbandi. In this research I presented his biography, family, scientific efforts. The research called (Sheikh Abdullah bin Mustafa Al Naqshbandi Al Hershmi his life and scientific efforts).


Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) is implemented using a half-bridge (HB) topology for high-frequency offline applications. Two ZVS techniques are discussed: one is a quasiresonant technique (QRC) the other a multiresonant technique (MRC). A breadboarded HB ZVS-QRC is presented which operates from a 300+or-50 V input with maximum output power of 75 W (5 V, 15 A) and an efficiency of 83.5% at low line and full load and 79.2% at high line and full load. In ZVS-MRCs, all semiconductor devices are operated with no abrupt changes of the voltage across the devices. The technique permits utilization of junction capacitances of all semiconductor devices and the transformer leakage inductance to form a multiple-resonant-tank network to implement zero-voltage switching for all semiconductor devices. Employing this technique, a HB ZVS-MRC is breadboarded with the same specifications as the HB ZVS-QRC. The efficiency of the HB ZVS-MRC is slightly lower than that of the HB ZVS-QRC, 81.7% at full load and low line and 78.5% at full load and high line.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate the application of fiberbronchoscopy in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonitis.Methods The clinical data of 37 elderly patients with aspiration pneumonitis treated by fiberbronchoscopy were retrospectively analyzed.Results All patients underwent fiberbronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage successfully.The time was 25 ~46 min,average 34 min.Symptoms such as mental fatigue,anorexia,chest tightness,shortness of breath,hypoxemia,cough and expectoration were significantly improved,compared with those before treatment.The body temperature of 8 patients with fever returned to normal after treatment.There were no serious complications occurred in all patients.Conclusions Fiberbronchoscopy is an effective treatment for elderly patients with aspiration pneumonitis.It has advantages of significant effect and high security,so is worthy to be widely used in clinics.

Key words:
Fiberbronchoscopy ;  Bronchoalveolar lavage;  Elderly;  Aspiration pneumonitis


Federal legislation and regulation of automobiles focus on the immediate concern, whether it is tailpipe emissions, safety, or fuel economy. The regulation, however, tends to take a myopic view of the issue, ignoring the possibility of system effects or behavioral changes. Congress, for example, did not intend vehicles to be less safe because it mandated a fuel efficiency standard of 27.5 mpg; it did not take into account that lighter, smaller vehicles are less safe, other factors being constant. The result has been the growth of solution-caused problems. Moreover, regulatory intervention will almost always produce unanticipated consequences. Drivers and passengers are not passive actors who simply do what they are told. Instead, they weight personal considerations when deciding whether to adhere to a speed limit, buckle their seat belts, or drive faster because a car has been made safer; and they find ways around regulations, such as buying light trucks instead of cars to get the size and engine power that they desire. For regulations to achieve their goals, they must be supported with other actions, such as public education on the benefits of buckling up, and higher gasoline prices to increase the desire for fuel-economic vehicles.


This article is a theoretical and epistemological critical approach to the arguments supporting the imaginary as a fundamental dimension of social life and, consequently, of the studies of the social. The first part tries to establish a sociological and anthropological definition of the imaginary through the symbolic experience, determined by the social behaviour. Secondly, the imaginary is understood as an archetypal morpho-semantic system, constituting a model that changes culturally. Subsequently, it establishes a dimension for a new display of the anthropological object, defined between the social fact (unquestioned) and the symbolic experience, giving emphasis to meanings and social representations. Finally, it addresses the homo simbolicus as the basis of subjectivity and objectivity, where their interpretations and cognoscence stands as the foundation of all social praxis. It concludes with a reflection on the scientific possibilities of a social anthropology of the imaginary as a necesity for research in a meta-empirical society.

Key words: social imaginary, social anthropology, symbolism, social representation, archetypes.


A model to describe both nonlinear refractive and absorptive response of a thin nonlocal media is proposed. The model is used to obtain the far field intensity of the close or open aperture z-scan technique


Purpose. To determine the effects of specific elements of biotechnologies used for rearing sterlet and paddlefish seeds for the optimization of rearing technology and their rational use in pond fish facilities of Southern Ukraine. Methodology. Rearing of young ‐ of ‐ the ‐ year sterlet and paddlefish was conducted in experimental ponds (2 ha and 3 ha). In order to develop appropriate natural food supply, we added mineral and organic fertilizers (5 tons/ha). Rearing of YOY sterlet was conducted with different stocking densities (65000 and 95000 fish/ha), the control variant had 100000 fish/ha. Rearing of YOY paddlefish was conducted with a stocking density of 500 and 1500 fish/ha. Mean individual body weight while stocking experimental ponds was 69–75 mg (sterlet) and 600–700 mg (paddlefish). Findings. Results of rearing were analyzed and fishery performance of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) and paddlefish (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum)) reared according to the combined technology were analyzed. We examined pond food supply composition (phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos), growth and nutrition of YOY sterlet and paddlefish. It was found that a stocking density of 79000 fish/ha and abundant food supply for YOY sterlet can result in mean individual body weight of 3.60–4.40 g, survival rate –– 70.32– 82.78%, fish productivity –– 238.09 kg/ha. Stocking ponds with paddlefish with individual body weight of 600–700 mg and stocking density of 500 ‐ 1500 fish/ha resulted in obtaining young ‐ of ‐ the ‐ year with mean individual body weight of 278.0 ‐ 409.8 g, survival rate –– 25.4–31.2%. Scientific novelty. Our experiment allowed better understanding of the correlation between stocking density and results of the rearing of sterlet and paddlefish seeds. We found a clear correlation between mean individual body weight, stocking density and duration of rearing for YOY sterlet. We found an effect for some biotechnological aspects on biochemical indicators of YOY sterlet. Practical value. The obtained data enriches and refines existing representation of the correlation between technological factors and efficiency of rearing viable sterlet and paddlefish seeds in the conditions of southern Ukraine and contributes to finding optimal parameters of rearing in terms of modern aquaculture.


Abbreviations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1: Killing and the King 2: Power of Life and Death: Pater and Res Publica 3: Killing and the Law, 509-450 B.C.E. 4: Murder Was Not a Crime, 449-81 B.C.E. 5: Capital Jurisdiction, 449-81 B.C.E. 6: License to Kill 7: Centralization of Power and Sullan Ambiguity Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index


Intersex, the appearance of female characteristics in male gonads, has been identified in a wide range of aquatic species worldwide, yet the underpinning molecular etiology remains uncharacterized. The presence of intersex has been shown to be a widespread phenomenon in bivalve, S. plana, populations from the southwest coast of the U.K., as well as inducible in an experimental exposure regime using endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Herein, we use the suppressive subtractive hybridization approach to isolate differentially expressed transcripts in S. plana males exhibiting intersex. Transcripts involved in cell signaling, cell cycle control, energy production/metabolism, microtubule assembly, and sperm physiology are all highlighted as differentially expressed in intersex male clams. These provide both an insight into the molecular mechanisms of action involved in the development of intersex, as well as facilitating potential molecular-level "early warning" biomarkers of the condition.


The paper presents the restructuring of the Mechanical Engineering education at KTH. The organisation of the comprehensive work is discussed in relation to the challenge of including many school members in the change process. The work is based on a strategic decision where the need for renewal of the programs was acknowledged. The work was managed from the Deans ́s office with the purposes both to better fit the education into new industrial demands and to the European development according to the Bologna process. The first students started their studies in the autumn 2003. The new programs showed a significant higher attractivity than the former Mechanical Engineering programs. One of the programs, Design and Product Realisation, is described more in detail. The work is still in progress and will be for several years to come. The purpose with this paper is to participate in the international engineering education development discussion.


Article on the disciplinary open access Server PsyDok (http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de), focusing on PsyDok's integration into disciplinary and mulitdisciplinary search engines, retrieval systems and databases. The last chapter hints at trends of establishing new metrics for scientific electronic documents. The pagination of this PDF differs from the printed version, nevertheless the content itself is identical.


57 ABSTRACT The processability of a polybutadiene with a high con tent of 1,4-cis-structure is improved by means of the addition of PCl3 before the polymerization reaction is quenched and when Mooney viscosity of polybutadiene has reached a prefixed value, preferably lower than, or equal to 30; the polymerization of butadiene is carried out in a solution in an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic sol vent, in the presence of a catalytic system based on rare earths, preferably a neodymium-based catalytic system.


Preface, List of Figures, List of Tables, 1. Creation and Consolidation, 2. Planning and Reorganization 3. Continuous Revolution Appendix: General Elections, Prime Ministers, and Health Ministers from 1945 Index


Th e fi rst step in image analysis and pattern recognition is image segmentation and it is one of the most diffi cult tasks in image processing. It determines the quality of the fi nal result of analysis because it is very important and critical component. Th ere are hundreds of segmentation techniques in literature. Th ere is no single method which can be considered good for all sorts of images and conditions. In many applications of image processing, the gray levels of pixels belonging to the object are substantially diff erent from the gray levels of the pixels belonging to the background. Th resholding then becomes a simple but eff ective tool to separate objects from the background. To improve the segmentation results, a strategy consists in combining algorithms in order to obtain a robust segmentation by exploiting the advantages of one method to reduce the drawbacks of the second one. Th is paper provides a summary of approaches to image segmentation by thresholding available at the present and describes the properties of diff erent kinds of methods and problems encountered. Th ere will be also presented some advanced algorithms with their practical application.


The method of Prietos progressively reducing window size was analysed,and the template matching method was suggested according to the feature of the light spots of Hartman sensor.With template matching,the accuracy of centroid detection is improved.The computer simulation of the centroid calculations of spot array shows that the centroids rms error can decrease by 53.7 %.In addition,template matching method avoides iterative centroid calculations,and so reduces computer time consuming.


The utility model relates to a pair of medicated health-care socks, and each sock comprises a sock body, wherein the sock bottom of the sock body is provided with medicine bags and each medicine bag is filled with a medicine package. The utility model is characterized in that at least two medicine bags are arranged, and the medicine bags are separated from each other and are distributed at maximum intervals. The utility model has structure that at least two separate medicine bags which are distributed at maximum intervals are arranged on the sock bottom of each sock body, and each medicine bag is respectively filled with a medicine package, so that when people wear the socks to walk and do sport, air flow produced by walking in shoes permeates the medicine package in each medicine bag and brings out medicine molecules on the medicine package or in the medicine package and air flow which comprises medicine molecules is given out by medicines in two adjacent medicine bags and form convection on both sides of each foot so as to force the air flow which comprises medicine molecules to fill a whole shoe. Thus, the effects of deodorization, beriberi prevention and cure, etc. of the medicated health-care socks are enhanced, and the efficacy of the medicine acts fully and lasts for a long time.


The main problem faced by sloping lands in the humid tropic includes land degradation influencing natural ecosystem damage broadly. Land conversion and improper land-use have been widely recognized as the main cause of environmental damage since the demands for agricultural lands become greater than land resource available. The objective of this study was to determine the concept of appropriate land-use planning through environmentally sound spatial management in order to prevent land and environmental degradation.  The sub-district of Antang Kalang was chosen as study area representing sloping lands in humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion. Conservation approach by the use of USLE erosion risk prediction model and land evaluation through land suitability classification was used in this study. The geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology were applied to generate spatial basic information and to assist in spatial analysis. Two crops, upland rice, and rubber,  representing food crop and estate p have been selected based on the local resource that has been existed since a long time ago. The result of spatial analysis shown that the arable land for agricultural practices covers  9,039 hectares (23.19%) while for non-arable land, it is allocated for forest preservation with total areas 29,934 hectares (76.81%). Land-use planning and land resources management involving conservation aspect and land suitability evaluation should be taken into account for farming practice at sloping lands areas since the value of soil loss potential appears as an indicator of erosion risk. Permanent cultivation system and the intercropping farming system is the option of recommended agricultural practice at sloping lands in the humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion.


This paper describes a new type of sequential testing for clinical trials. The sequential nature of the data is not from additional patients, but rather from longer follow‐up times. At each analysis, the null hypothesis that all treatments are equivalent in effect on the outcome after that amount of time is tested. The trial might still have staggered entry or not, but the key feature is that a different statistical hypothesis is tested at each analysis. It is assumed that any effect of treatment is non‐transient, allowing a conclusion to be drawn in favour of one treatment or the other based on a difference at a single follow‐up time. It is shown that a general method based on the Bonferroni inequality can be used to obtain critical cutpoints for sequential testing, that controls the chance of a type I error for the clinical decision. This method is applicable regardless of the test used at each analysis. In the case of a two‐armed trial with a Gaussian outcome variable, it is shown how simulation can be used to obtain critical cutpoints that maintain the chance of a type I error for the clinical decision. The methods are compared by Monte‐Carlo simulation, and it is seen that in most practical cases the Bonferroni method is not very conservative. The Bonferroni procedure is illustrated on the results of a real clinical trial of Pirfenidone on pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The biochemical effect of a nicotinamide analogue, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), on developing chick embryonic femur was studied. Growth of femur from 9-day-old embryos that had been exposed to 6-AN for 5 days in ovo was not stimulated by PTH in an in vitro culture system. PTH caused a much smaller increase in the cyclic-AMP content in 6-AN-treated femur than in control femur. However, dibutyryl cyclic-AMP stimulated growth of 6-AN-treated femur. A defect in response of 6-AN-treated femur to the growth stimulating action of PTH may explain the production of micromelia by 6-AN.


: Pedagogical experience is the main source of knowledge and accumulated best practices of the best teachers. Historical experience makes it possible to single out something pedagogically valuable from the entire creative heritage of our predecessors, to realize it and consider it as a source of new ideas, goals, content and ways of developing modern education.


Massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) constitute a relatively recent game genre that contains elements from a variety of past game genres. While character development is still a central feature, MMORPGs are not just online extensions of console or personal computer role playing games. Instead, they offer vivid online worlds through which players share aspects of their daily lives while engaging in game activities. After reviewing the historical development of representative MMORPGs, this entry explains how they operate on a daily basis and on an international scale, their core gaming activities among players and between game systems and players, and how players build social lives around gameplay, thereby establishing a unique virtual world game culture.

Keywords:

game culture;
game environment;
game world design;
modding;
multi user dungeons (MUDs);
player organization;
player versus environment (PvE );
player versus player (PvP)


Objective
To study the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), so as to provide basic support for TCM intervention to the treatment of MHD.

Methods
80 cases of MHD patients were involved in this 12-month follow-up study. According to syndrome differentiation of TCM, observed and analysed those patients' symptom changes every 3 months.

Results
In this study, The most frequently TCM syndromes of MHD patients whose dialysis age ≤ 1 years were yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndromes, followed by qi and yin deficiency syndromes. The most frequently TCM syndromes of MHD patients whose dialysis age >1 years were qi and yin deficiency syndromes, followed by yin and yang deficiency syndromes. Among the patients with different duration of dialysis, there were two groups of patients whose prognosis worse than the others, which were the patients with yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndromes and yin and yang deficiency syndromes. Patients with yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndromes whose dialysis age ≤ 1 years failed to change to other TCM syndromes, than they had a increased risk of death, as same as patients with yin and yang deficiency syndromes whose dialysis age >1 years.

Conclusions
TCM syndromes of MHD patients had special characteristics. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment can be initiatively taken, in order to improve survival and quality of life, and reduce the incidence of complications

Key words:
Maintenance hemodialysis; Syndrome differentiation; Syndrome transformation


The present invention and generates a list of close devices physically to each other, to use the list, for example, the address book entry, a calendar entry, and / or short messaging service with (SMS) or multimedia messaging service (MMS) message, among a plurality of mobile devices, such as the application of the individual media item relates to share content.


Information about a bilateral Bulgarian and Hungarian meeting 'Negotiating EU Membership: The Experience of Bulgaria and Hungary'. held on 28 May 2004 in Sofia.


Welcome to Las Vegas and to ACM MobiCom 2011, the 17th Annual Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. MobiCom has been the premier venue for top quality research in mobile computing and networking for years. The centerpiece of the conference is the technical program of MobiCom 2011, which has been put together through the significant efforts of the entire community, especially through the hard work of all submitting authors, and the diligence of the Technical Program Committee members and external reviewers. We hope you have a stimulating, enjoyable, and fruitful experience at the conference!

As in past years, the technical program consists of a thought-provoking mixture of papers spanning wireless communications, wireless and mobile networking, and mobile computing. They span all layers of wireless systems, from applications to the physical layer, and cover a whole gamut of topics including energy management, spectrum management, mobile phone applications, duplex wireless, mobile video, data anonymization, multiple access, infrastructureless networking, social sensing, and localization. The program consists of 29 papers, selected from 214 submissions received from 24 countries worldwide, after a thorough three-stage review process followed by a face-to-face technical program committee (TPC) meeting in Murray Hill, NJ, USA. In the review process, we received 760 reviews, or about 3.6 reviews on average per paper. In the first stage, each paper received a minimum of three reviews, after which 106 papers advanced to the second stage. Nearly all second-stage papers received one or more additional reviews. In the third stage, additional reviews were sought for a small number of papers.

The review process also involved online discussions through which about 60 papers were selected for further discussion at the two-day, in-person TPC meeting. The meeting itself was infused with vigorous debate and thoughtful discussion, and remained lively till the very end, an indication of the TPC's dedication to upholding MobiCom's reputation as the premier mobile computing and networking conference.


Human exposure to fluoride in drink water at a level above 1.5 mg/L causes a lot of health problems. The present study was carried out to assess the fluoride biosorption capability of Padina sp. alga as biosorbent material using conventional one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) and Box‐Behnken design to optimize the process. By OFAT, fluoride uptake was significantly affected by pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose (p‐value < 0.05) and the highest fluoride biosorption (85.95%) was recorded at pH 7, time 60 min, fluoride concentration 2 g/L, and an adsorbent dose 30 g/L. Based on the Box‐Behnken design, the quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables to the response. By Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the model was statistically significant (p‐value < 0.05). It was suggested that optimal values of pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose were 5, 90 min, 3 mg/L, and 30 g/L, respectively, and fluoride removal at these optimum conditions was 94.57%. For application, Padina sp. was removed from 67.79% to 78.78% of fluoride in collected groundwater samples. It was concluded that the Padina sp. could be used as eco‐friendly biosorbent for fluoride and response surface methodology was more applicable and effective in optimization to obtain the highest removal efficiency of fluoride by Padina sp.


[1] An analysis of volcanic activity during the last three hundred years reveals that volcanic eruptions exhibit seasonality to a statistically significant degree. This remarkable pattern is observed primarily along the Pacific "Ring of Fire" and locally at some individual volcanoes. Globally, seasonal fluctuations amount to 18% of the historical average monthly eruption rate. In some regions, seasonal fluctuations amount to as much as 50% of the average eruption rate. Seasonality principally reflects the temporal distribution of the smaller, dated eruptions (volcanic explosivity index of 0–2) that dominate the eruption catalog. We suggest that the pattern of seasonality correlates with the annual Earth surface deformation that accompanies the movement of surface water mass during the annual hydrological cycle and illustrate this with respect to global models of surface deformation and regional measurements of annual sea level change. For example, seasonal peaks in the eruption rate of volcanoes in Central America, the Alaskan Peninsula, and Kamchatka coincide with periods of falling regional sea level. In Melanesia, in contrast, peak numbers of volcanic eruptions occur during months of maximal regional sea level and falling regional atmospheric pressure. We suggest that the well-documented slow deformation of Earth's surface that accompanies the annual movements of water mass from oceans to continents acts to impose a fluctuating boundary condition on volcanoes, such that volcanic eruptions tend to be concentrated during periods of local or regional surface change rather than simply being distributed randomly throughout the year. Our findings have important ramifications for volcanic risk assessment and volcanoclimate feedback mechanisms.


This study investigates the sustainable values of cafes established using idle industrial facilities that are a part of the cultural heritage of South Korea in terms of the characteristics of the architectural space and consumers' space utilization. Twenty regenerative cafes in five regions were selected, and five of them were analyzed by comparing their characteristics with those of the conventional cafes. Unlike conventional cafes, regenerative cafes have architectural spaces that seem to be non-everyday and elicit a feeling of the passage of time. Users utilized these cafes as spaces for activities and experiences for long periods compared to conventional cafes. Consequently, regenerative cafes were found to contain sustainable values as complex networking spaces, as cultural heritage that can be experienced and as independent tourist destinations. Regenerative cafes have become unique differentiated architectural spaces utilized by several users.


This is the second of two papers devoted to the study of egalitarian solutions for nontransferable utility NTU games with a large number of players. This paper is concerned with the egalitarian solutions of finite games as the number of players increases. We show that these converge to the egalitarian solution of the limit game with a continuum of players as defined in our previous paper. The same convergence holds for the underlying potential functions. These asymptotic results are particularly significant since they provide the definitive justification for our definitions in the limit continuum case.


An investigation on the possibility of using alginate in natural silk development in South Sulawesi was carried out. As glue material, alginate is capable of substituting PVA with a better quality. Its outstanding properties in friction and attraction tests as well as color consistency has made alginate a better choice in natural silk technology. Extraction techniques and synergic action between natural marine resources and forest product which both are important commodities in the province of South Sulawesi is required to develop so that added values can be provided to stakeholders such as farmers and fishers. Keywords : Alginate, silk, marine


This up-to-date dictionary contains appendices of Serbo-Croatian and English irregular verbs. Its easy-to-use format makes it useful for travellers, businessmen or for the students.


The present paper aims at the study of the contribution of bioclimatic elements of vernacular architecture to human thermal comfort. To achieve this, an area of the historic centre of Nicosia, which has kept its original traditional character without significant alterations, has been studied. Two buildings were selected as case studies. These are representative samples of the 18th century local architecture. At present they host the Student Hostel and the Cultural Centre of the University of Cyprus. The study refers to a series of design principles including passive heating and cooling, natural lighting and improvement of microclimatic conditions of the surrounding environment. Continuous monitoring of the temperature and relative humidity in various places within these buildings and their courtyards is presented. The data loggers were placed on internal spaces, semi-open spaces and courtyards. External environmental data were also recorded in order to achieve a comparative evaluation. The investigation of the parameters which affect the conditions of interior thermal comfort aims at the establishment of a bioclimaticdriven approach in the conservation of traditional buildings.


This paper presents the study of the performance of large scale reinforced earth retaining wall when subjected to repetitive action of the load and a record of the sequence of breakage of reinforcing strips, variation of lateral deformation of the vertical face and tensile forces in the reinforcing strips. For covering abstract of the conference, see IRRD 836241. (Author/TRRL)


ing certain characteristic legal issues with respect to which it is most plausible that ideology will influence judicial decisions.33 These studies, however, have weaknesses similar to those of Frank. First, they ignore except in an extremely narrow sense forces that lead certain cases to be brought to judgment.34 Second, they tend to measure the "law" of a given period or the influence of the judiciary by the content of current decisions.35 By neglecting those decisions that fail to generate continuing litigation, which are likely to comprise the predominating component of legal rules in force, these studies attribute excessive influence to measurements of the background of the current judiciary. Various legal scholars have responded to Frank's characterization of judicial decisionmaking by emphasizing the limitations on judicial discretion imposed by the common law process. Their analysis is similar in many respects to the model in this paper.36 A prominent example is Edward H. Levi's An Introduction to Legal Reasoning.37 Levi explains that the common law process develops legal rules from reasoning by example. For a given decision a judge surveys the set of rules of law announced in earlier similar cases and applies one of the rules to decide the case at hand. The law changes as the similarities perceived between current cases and certain former cases increase. A new legal category or similarity can be proposed by one of the litigants and if the idea is accepted it will displace an earlier legal


Charge transfer in Pb{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 8} (PSYCO) compounds is evaluated using the self-consistent bond/charge model. When Ce{sup +4} or Am{sup +4} replaces Y{sup +3}, the resulting n-type material does not superconduct. When the rare-earth replacing Y is trivalent (e.g., Y{sup +3}, Tb{sup +3}, or Pr{sup +3}) and the PSYCO compound is doped p type (e.g., with >15% Ca), PSYCO exhibits superconductivity. This lack of n-p doping symmetry is inconsistent with most cuprate-plane models of high-temperature superconductivity, but is consistent with oxygen models.


In the new era of construction development, ecological poverty caused by the deterioration of ecological environment has become one of the regional characteristics of poverty in the western region, therefore, to the typical ecological fragile areas of power transmission and transformation construction problems, ecological protection and vegetation restoration, is the main problem of our country's scholars. After understanding the basic status quo of ecologically fragile areas in western China, this paper mainly studies the ecological protection and vegetation restoration model of power transmission and transformation construction in typical ecologically fragile areas in western China in the new era according to the impact of power transmission and transformation projects on ecological environment, so as to provide basic guarantee for engineering construction and industry development.


Background: A staple for about 800 million people in tropical countries, cassava contains a high content of hydrocyanic acid making it toxic.
Objective: This study was proposed to test the conservation effectiveness on tuber toxicity. Materials and Methods: Tests were carried out on the varieties commonly known as Bonoua and Yacé. The conservation parameters studied were: the level of hydrocyanic acid, moisture content and hardness. The cassava tubers were stored at room temperature. The samples for analysis were taken on the pulp every 24 hours.
Results: Results showed that hydrocyanic acid levels reached their minimum levels between 96 and 120 hours of storage with 5.87 ± 0.46 and 5.66 ± 0.50 mg/kg in Bonoua, then 9.53 ± 0.78 and 9.85 ± 0.93 mg/kg in IAC. Water levels are positively correlated with those of hydrocyanic acid in both cassava types. Proteins reach reveal in their maximum concentrations between 48 and 72 hours of storage (respectively to then drop. The ash and fat contents as well as the total carbohydrate contents generally decrease during storage. However, an increase is observed from 120 hours of storage, at the level of carbohydrate concentrations.
Conclusion: For a non-toxic cassava pulp, a storage period of at least 48 hours at the Bonoua and 96 hours at the IAC would be advisable with however a lower biochemical quality.


Recently, the logic and memory devices size are being continuously scaled down to reduce the area of the chip and the cost. However traditional dielectric materials will face the physical limitation of nano devices. To meet this requirement, high dielectric constant (k) materials provide the only solution. For nonvolatile memory, to continue downscaling into sub-20-nm region, the metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-Si (MONOS) Charge-Trapping (CT) flash devices will be used to replace the poly-Si floating-gate (FG) flash memory. One difficult challenge for CT flash is to scale down the vertical gate stack for better charge control. However, the charge-trapping efficiency, memory window and retention characteristics are largely degraded at the target 3-nm Si3N4 trapping layer. To improve the charge-trapping efficiency and retention is to use a deep conduction band energy (EC) high-k trapping layer. For future generation Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors, higher capacitance density with still low leakage current is required. Besides, small dielectric thickness less than 10 nm is demanded to fit in the scaled three-dimensional DRAM structure. In this dissertation, we will investigate the application of several high-k dielectric materials for CT flash memory and MIM Capacitors. First of all, we have fabricated the TaN-[SiO2-LaAlO3]-HfON-[LaAlO3-SiO2]-Si Charge-Trapping (CT) flash device. A Large 6.4 V initial memory window, a 4.3 V 10-year extrapolated retention window at 125oC, and a 5.5 V endurance window at 106 cycles were measured, under very fast 100 us and low 16 V program/erase (P/E). These excellent results were achieved using As+ implant into HfON trapping layer that were significantly better than those of control device without ion implantation. In order to downscale the equivalent-Si3N4-thickness (ENT), we also have replaced As+-implanted HfON with As+-implanted-ZrON trapping layer. The device has a highly scaled 3.6 nm ENT, a large 4.9 V initial memory window, and a good retention of 3.1 V 10-year extrapolated retention window at 125oC, under the same P/E conditions.
 Next, to further downscale the ENT, we also used Ge reaction with HfON trapping layer to form HfGeON for better charge-trapping and data retention. This CT flash device with record-thinnest 2.5-nm ENT trapping layer, a large 4.4 V initial memory window, a good retention of 3.2 V 10-year extrapolated retention window at 125oC, and endurance window of 3.6 V at 106 cycles were measured.
 Finally, for MIM capacitors, we also have fabricated high-κNi/ZrO2/TiN MIM capacitors with a very high 52 fF/um2 capacitance density, a low leakage current of 1.6*10-7 A/cm2 and good 10-year reliability with a small C/C of 1.7% at 2 V. Such excellent device integrity is attributed to the combination of enhanced ZrO2 tetragonal-phase by laser annealing, high work-function Ni electrode and good bottom-interface treatment.


Language-guided smart systems can help to design next-generation human-machine interactive applications. The dense text description is one of the research areas where systems learn the semantic knowledge and visual features of each video frame and map them to describe the video's most relevant subjects and events. In this paper, we consider untrimmed sports videos as our case study. Generating dense descriptions in the sports domain to supplement journalistic works without relying on commentators and experts requires more investigation. Motivated by this, we propose an end-to-end automated text-generator, SpecTextor, that learns the semantic features from untrimmed videos of sports games and generates associated descriptive texts. The proposed approach considers the video as a sequence of frames and sequentially generates words. After splitting videos into frames, we use a pre-trained VGG-16 model for feature extraction and encoding the video frames. With these encoded frames, we posit a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based attention-decoder pipeline that leverages soft-attention mechanism to map the semantic features with relevant textual descriptions to generate the explanation of the game. Because developing a comprehensive description of the game warrants training on a set of dense time-stamped captions, we leverage two available public datasets: ActivityNet Captions and Microsoft Video Description. In addition, we utilized two different decoding algorithms: beam search and greedy search and computed two evaluation metrics: BLEU and METEOR scores.


As a kind of organic silicon polymer,polysiloxane was chemically modified through block copolymerization.The latest research progress in synthesis of novel polysiloxane block copolymers are reviewed at home and abroad.Some important block copolymers with blocks of polysiloxane,polyether,polyolefin and polyurethane are particularly introduced.Finally,the present prosperity in this field is described.


During the testing and exploitation of fractured wells,backflow of proppant often occurs and badly stings the surface flow system.Based on the research and analysis of backflow of proppants and sanding production of the gas wells with high pressure and high rate in western Sichuan,the author in this paper finds out engineering factors and geological factors are the main ones that influence the sanding production of fractured wells.Corresponding technological measures are suggested to be implemented to solve the engineering problems,including improper measures for liquor drainage,incomplete viscosity break of fracturing fluid,inadequate fracture closure,insufficient displacement fluid,and sudden increment of gas flow.What's more,the author proposes to enhance the strength of proppant in artificial fractures fixation to solve the problem of sanding production caused by such geological factor as unconsolidated formations.Two kinds of new technologies are put forward to effectively enhance the stability of proppant-filling beds,that is,the technology of fiber proppant and the technology of resin-coated proppant.Application of the gas wells in western Sichuan proves to be capable of effectively reducing the black of proppant in fracturing wells so as to protect the process of wellhead manifold and gas flow for surface testing,to guarantee normal exploitation,transmission,and production of gas wells,and to improve the effect of simulation fracturing.They generate good economic benefits and environmental results,and has broad prospect to be increasingly applied to the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in western Sichuan,preparing reliable reference materials for developing new sand fracturing technologies in gas fields in western Sichuan in the future.


The railroad line is considered to be the typical natural monopoly department.For a long time our government has implemented the strict policy to control the railroad department.But the railroad department has already implemented the independent price gradually in recent years,and made a price rise during the Spring Festival,which has evoked a lot of dispute.Using the gaming theory to analyze the price making of the railroad and the purchasing behavior of the consumers,we come to the conclusion that the railroad price making is on the base of profit-making.In order to regulate their behavior,it is necessary to carry out the system of price public hearing and strict audit strategy.


Abstract An adaptive on-line planning algorithm for multiple underwater vehicles in coastal oceanographic missions is introduced. The algorithm is tested for a team of autonomous underwater vehicles exploring an unknown oceanic environment in which they can execute point-wise environmental measurements. The team final objective is the construction of a three-dimensional estimated map of the measured environmental characteristics of the whole marine region. Each vehicle chooses its next sampling point in order to maximally increase the confidence level of the overall estimate of the measured quantity and in an asynchronous way with respect to the other vehicles. It is assumed that all vehicles have availability of the positions and values of the all past measurements executed by the members of the team. Simulative test cases in which the objective is the estimation of the ocean temperature over a region are presented. The algorithm performance is compared with that theoretically achievable by Rapidly-exploring Random Trees search.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum growth hormone, C-peptide, blood lipids levels, blood glu-cose, hypertension and type 2 diabetes nephropathy. Methods 82 type 2 diabetes (including 40 without nephropathy and 42 with nephropa-thy) and 39 healthy objects were enrolled. BG,GH,C-P,HbAlc,TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C were detected. Results The results showed that the values of blood glucose in each time-phase and HbAlc in both type 2 diabetes groups were significantly higher than that in healthy objects. In type 2 diabetes nephropathy group, the serum levels HbAlc, FGH, TC, TG, LDL-C, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher than that without nephropathy and those healthy objects(P<0.01). C-P (Oh)and C-P (2h)in type 2 di-abetes nephropathy group was significantly lower than that without nephropathy and those healthy objects(P<0.01). In groups patients of type 2 diabetes nephropathy, the disease duration had significantly longer than patients without nephropathy (P<0.01). The results of cor-related analysis with Pearson showed that HbAlc was significantly positive correlated with FGH(r=0.912, P<0.01), HbAlc was signifi-cantly negatively correlated with C-P(0h)(r=-0.803, P<0.01)and HbAlc was significantly negatively correlated with C-P(2h)(r=-0.771, P<0.01). FGH was significantly positive correlated with TC (r=0.413, P<0.05). Conclusion These results suggested that type 2 diabetes nephropathy has persistent elevated levels of blood glucose and disorder of lipid metabolism. The elevated levels of FGH, hy-pertension and islet B cell secretion function deficiency are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes nephropathy.

Key words:
Growth hormone;  C-peptide;  Lipids;  Diabetic nephrophathies/PP


ABSTRACT This article examines how Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novel Americanah (2013) re-imagines racial solidarity between African immigrants of the "new" African diaspora and African Americans of the "old" African diaspora. From the perspective of Patricia Hill Collins' concept of the "outsider within," the article argues for the significance of recognizing how the "outsider within" viewpoint featured in Adichie's counter-narratives offers a cultural insider a "valid source of knowledge" for interrogating cultural hegemony in the US. In advancing this thesis, the article analyzes two aspects of the novel. The first is the novel's protagonist, Ifemelu, and her anonymously authored blog, which contains cultural commentary on race relations in the US from the perspective of an African immigrant, or, what the author terms, a "non-American Black." Through her blog, Ifemelu rhetorically signals racial solidarity with African Americans, but the protagonist also divulges how average white American readers assume that all blacks regardless of national origin share in the same experience of blackness. The second aspect of this article analyzes how the novel in general oscillates between fostering racial solidarity between American Blacks and non-American Blacks and critiquing African immigrants as a new model minority. This oscillation suggests that the novelist remixes diasporas, as Adichie's Americanah shuttles between employing tropes of the "old" African diaspora while crafting a narrative of the "new" African diaspora. The article concludes that this remixing of diasporas situates Americanah within the "old" African diaspora as much as (if not more so than) the emerging literary tradition of the "new" African diaspora.


During the inter- war period, the theatrical movement in Romania knows a period of basical changes. In this "background " , Haig Acterian has an unexpected view about the theatrical performance. In his view, the dramatist and the stage director are two different instances and the supramarionette concept, invented by Gordin Craig is, in fact, the performer, who owns the calling of stage playing. The art of playing has represented another stage director's concern. In the same time, Haig Acterian has a reformary view towards the academic theatrical school: he reorganized the advanced theatrical studies, reorganised the theatre as a regional institution and the organisational principle has in its centre the players' company. Haig Acterian has written two monographical studies, which have had great impact in that period: Shakespeare and Moliere. These two works represent a summary of his studies publicated in magazines and papers for which he has written as stage director. Rezumat. In perioada interbelică, miscarea teatrală din România cunoaste o perioadă a schimbărilor de bază. Pe acest "fundal", Haig Acterian are o viziune neasteptată asupra reprezentaţiei teatrale.In accepţia sa, dramaturgul si regizorul scenic sunt două instanţe diferite, iar conceptul de supramarionetă, inventat de Gordin Craig este, de fapt, actorul, căruia ii revine chemarea jocului scenic. Arta de a juca un rol a reprezentat o altă preocupare a directorului scenic. In acelasi timp, Haig Acterian are o viziune reformatoare asupra scolii academice de teatru: el a reorganizat si a avansat studiile teatrale, a reorganizat teatrul ca instituţie regională, principiul organizaţional fiind centrat pe compania de actori. Haig Acterian a scris două studii monografice, care au avut un mare impact in acea perioadă: Shakespeare si Moliere. Aceste două lucrări reprezintă un rezumat al studiilor publicate in reviste si ziare pentru care a scris in calitate de regizor scenic.


Generally speaking, in search of alternative ways that is meant to prevent environment pollution and its sub hazard consequences, developers and planners as well as the masses nowadays are encouraged to use what is call a green home when building their houses. These types of houses typically use resources that are environmentally responsive. However, this new approach to house developments lacks clearly defined and globally accepted standards on what constitutes a green model. Thus, this research aims to educate the public about sustainable transformations from traditional homes to green homes by modelling the 3D model virtually to illustrate the differences between the conventional homes and green homes and its impact on the environment, and demonstrate the types of green alternatives available in Malaysia in order to construct the green homes. The ultimate goal is to create digitally a 3D model of the green homes through Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM allows the public to run computer simulations that help to understand and visualise the evolutions of the traditional homes to green homes. The digital 3D model is effective in influencing and educating the residents about the benefits of green housing practices and ways to incorporate green building technologies.


Platform work is a new umbrella concept which covers a heterogeneous group of economic activities performed through digital platforms. Effective collective rights and bargaining would be essential for platform workers due to their vulnerable employment status. Yet collective organization of platform workers is troublesome, so trade unions face difficulties. The protection of the labour law directives is limited by their personal scope, which may be gradually expanded by the broad ECJ interpretation of the 'worker' concept. The effective right to collective bargaining would be particularly important, but it is restricted by EU antitrust rules with an exemption only for employees. In the last decade, the European Court has moved towards a wider personal scope of collective bargaining by interpreting the concept of 'worker'. The recent FNV Kunsten decision used the notion of 'false self-employed' to go beyond the national concept of 'employee', but the wide interpretation of 'worker' shall be based on the need and necessity of employment protection deriving from economic dependency. As an alternative, the Gebhard formula may be invoked to grant the right to collective bargaining for platform workers.


Paper presented in "Trans-Atlantic Perspectives on International Migration: Cross Border Impacts, Border Security, and Socio-Political Responses," Conference at the University of Texas at San Antonio, March 4-5, 2010


The performance of SBCA (SOA Based Cloud Applications, a typical form of cloud applications) can be adjusted by changing the occupied amount of resources. How to adjust the amount of resources occupied by SBCA that can meet the SLA constraints with the minimum resource adjustment cost has become the focus of cloud computing research area. In the process of SBCA resource adjustment, SBCA providers and resource providers both want to choose the adjustment plan with maximizing profit for themselves, so there has a conflict of interest between the two providers. Aiming at the problem, this paper proposes a game based SBCA cloud resource adjustment method. The method presents a game based representation model of SBCA cloud resource adjustment problem, gives the utility calculation method of both sides of the game, and solves the problem by using fireworks algorithm. The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In a recent article in your journal, Summers et al. (3) suggested that exposure to mercury (Hg) from dental amalgams resulted in an increased incidence of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the normal floras of nonmedicated subjects. However, the study does not allow such conclusions, and the authors' inferences are unwarranted. The investigators first reported the results of a study that attempted to correlate the incidence of Hg resistance with that of antibiotic resistance in human fecal flora. This study


Abstract Three studies examined the impact of two types of experience on the performance of problem-solving groups: group experience and task experience. In Study 1, 36 groups completed a survival exercise, and in Study 2, 65 groups completed a price estimation task. As hypothesized, task experience led to better group performance by increasing member ability. Study 3, which examined 21 groups solving quizzes, supported predictions that group experience on a related task increases group performance by facilitating recognition and utilization of member expertise. Results suggest that both group and task experience can facilitate group performance, but through the operation of different mechanisms.


In this paper, we present a novel carry break addition, which exploits certain aspects of carry generation & manipulation based on the bit positions of input vectors. It takes a design methodology into consideration while implementing it in lesser area without sacrificing the performance in terms of speed and power. Selective use of certain circuit structures and transistor sizing are carefully done to result in low power design. Depending on input vectors, it shows high speed carry generation with worst-case delay of 3.23 ns for four-bit adder slice. Considering the layout regularity and circuit topology, it has been integrated into an area of 8871 mum2 in 1.2 um 5 V SCL CMOS technology. Exploiting the behavior of bit-slice architectures, 32 b MCBA Macrocell has also been designed and implemented using these four-bit slices.


From March to May 2002, 14 sampling transects were set randomly in the Cibagou Nature Reserve of Southeast Tibet to investigate the vertical distribution and habitat differentiation of main artiodactyls in the reserve. The results showed that Budorcas taxicolor, Capricornis sumatraensis, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus crinifrons and Nemorhaedus cranbroki (Nemorhaedus goral) all had relatively concentrated altitudinal distribution. The artiodactyls except M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki had a lesser vertical niche overlap. To further understand the coexistence mechanisms between M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki, a total of 187 sample plots (10 m×10 m)were set out within the transects, and 10 habitat variables were analyzed. It was indicated that no spatial association was observed between M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki, and these two artiodactyls had different selections on the distance from drinking site, stand canopy cover, sheltering degree, and tree density. The different vertical distribution of artiodactyls probably reflected their different trophic requirements, while the differences in small-scale selections of habitat ecological factors and in temporal dimension could be the coexistence mechanisms of M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki.


Vacelet, J., James, B. 1, & Zibrowius, H., November 2017. New records of the hypercalcified sponge Plectroninia (Calcarea, Minchinellidae) in the Recent deep ocean. Alcheringa 42, 312–319. ISSN 0311-5518 Numerous small specimens of hypercalcified sponges of the genus Plectroninia (Jurassic to Recent) are recorded from deep water in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, where they are attached to diverse hard substrata, mostly scleractinian skeletons. Being represented as skeletons of linked calcareous tetractines with an incomplete free spicule complement, the specimens could not be identified at the species level. These observations show that Plectroninia spp. have a wide distribution in the bathyal zone of the Recent World Ocean, where they may be the most common calcareous sponges. Jean Vacelet* [email@example.com], Benjamin James [firstname.lastname@example.com], Helmut Zibrowius [email@example.com] UMR 7263 IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale, CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.


The article attempts to identify and analyze some formal and substantive aspects of modern historiographical discourse on the problems of Russian philosophy. Using a wide range of sources, the article conventionally identifies such "languages" of representation of the problems of Russian philosophy as "artistic philosophizing", "publicistic philosophizing", "religious philosophizing", "media philosophizing" and others. On the basis of the meanings presented in the texts of the representatives of each of the selected directions, the substantive as-pects of the modern historiographical discourse of the problems of Russian philosophy are analyzed. The fol-lowing universal "themes" of historiographical discourse are outlined: what is the essence of Russian philoso-phy; what is the meaning of the "Russian idea"; what is the specificity of Russian philosophy in the space of the world philosophical discourse, etc. The features of the representation of the content of the indicated questions in "languages" are presented, different in formal characteristics of "philosophizing", taking into account the ref-erence to the texts of such "iconic" figures in the modern artistic, educational and academic philosophical space as A.A. Voznesensky, F.I. Girenok, A.A. Huseynov, S.D. Dovlatov, N.S. Mikhalkov, V.A. Sidur, A.D. Sukhov and others.


A facile synthetic method of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-xylo-hexofu-ranos-3-ulose is described.Thus,1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactofuranose,which was Prepared from D-galactose in the presence of polar aprotic solventsuch as DMF and anhydrous cupric sulfate,was smoothly oxidized with pyridiniumchlorochromate on alumina under reflux in benzene to give the title compound.


Caveolin‐1 is an integral membrane protein expressed in a number of cell types including macrophages. Caveolins are primarily responsible for the formation of intracellular vesicles known as caveolae, which are involved in protein trafficking and cholesterol homeostasis. In recent years cholesterol has been demonstrated to have an essential function in both HIV infectivity and replication. It has been demonstrated that overexpression of caveolin‐1 in cells has a suppressive effect on HIV‐1 protein expression. We find that upon cotransfecting 293T cells with HIV‐LTR reporter and caveolin‐1 expression constructs there is a marked decrease in the level of HIV‐1 transcription. This finding suggests that the suppressive effects of caveolin‐1 are imposed upstream of HIV‐1 protein translation and independent of protein half‐life. Reduction of endogenous caveolin‐1, via siRNA‐mediated activity in HIV‐1 expressing 293T cells, resulted in an increase in the levels of viral proteins and virus release. Taken together, these data support caveolin‐1 as a novel host restriction factor against HIV‐1 replication. The work was supported by NIH (5 T32 AI007281).


The utility model discloses a drying and calcining device for sulfuric acid and cement production from gypsum. The drying and calcining device comprises drying dewatering equipment and a sintering system; the sintering system comprises a preheater system, a rotary kiln and a clinker cooler which are sequentially connected with one another; the preheater system comprises three to five stages of cyclone barrels, a feed inlet of the first-stage cyclone barrel is connected with a discharge outlet of the drying dewatering equipment, a discharge outlet of the first-stage cyclone barrel is connected with air pipes of the cyclone barrels on the lower portion of the first-stage cyclone barrel, and a gas outlet of the first-stage cyclone barrel is connected with a drying waste gas outlet pipe; the second-stage cyclone barrel is provided with an acid making flue gas outlet; the last-stage cyclone barrel is connected with the rotary kiln. The drying and calcining device has the advantages that a gypsum drying dewatering procedure is carried out in the drying dewatering equipment instead of the preheater system or the rotary kiln, heat consumed for dewatering the gypsum is separated from heat consumed by the sintering system, accordingly, waste gas generated in the sintering system is reduced, dewatering steam is prevented from being mixed with sulfuric acid making flue gas, the concentration of SO in the flue gas can be increased, and favorable conditions are created for follow-up acid making.


The use of third-person self-avatars has become common in non-immersive virtual environments, due in part to the advantages of seeing a full body while moving around in space. However, little research has investigated how third-person self-avatars can benefit task performance in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). This paper explores a procedure that may enhance user ability to act in an IVE from the point of view of a self-avatar projected in front of the viewer. Such abilities could be crucial in applications such as remote operator control, when a third person view is necessary or is the only view available. We conducted an experiment to assess the role of dynamic visual-motor and haptic feedback with a third-person avatar on a user's ability to point to remembered targets from the location of the avatar. The dynamic condition was compared within-subjects to a static condition in which the user's movements were not tracked with the avatar but the same task was required. Overall, participants were relatively good at pointing to targets from the location of the avatar. However, participants in the dynamic condition showed pointing performance that corresponded more closely to the avatar's location than was the case in the static condition. Subjective reports of bodily self-perception were also included and showed increased self-identification, presence, and agency in the dynamic compared to the static condition.


The differential protection principle has been adopted extensively by relay protections of high-voltage transmission lines.But because of the influence of the capacitance current,the sensitivity of the full current differential relay is low under the high resistance ground fault.This paper presents a novel differential protection principle,in which the operator component of the differential protection criterion is the resistance component of the differential current.For the high resistance ground fault,the sensitivity of the presented criterion is high because its operation isn't influenced by the capacitance current and shunt reactor compensation.As a complement to the differential protection criterion,the presented criterion can be combined with the full current differential protection criterion to enhance the operational reliability of the differential relay for the metal contact ground fault as well as low and high resistance ground fault.EMTP simulation results demonstrate the high sensitivity and reliability of the presented criterion.


The FRT-construction is known for a Hopf algebra approach for solving some non-linear (algebraic) equations. Some compatibility conditions are needed for the categories related to different equations. The connections between the FRT-relation and the compatibility condition are discussed. It is shown that the compatibility condition is determined by the FRT-relation.


The following bibliography focuses on the links between Literature and Film rather than on the wider issue of Word and Screen. This is so because the former is a firmly established, booming field of research, whereas the latter is a new concept still to find its way in the academic world. Despite the widespread interest in the relationship between printed fiction and films, the bibliography on the topic of Literature and Film is actually more scarce than could be expected. There are few established classics —some of them, such as George Bluestone's Novels into Film, dating back to the 1950s. There is also a worrying tendency to either focus on excessively theoretical aspects of the adaptation or on minute, often uninspired, comparisons of particular literary texts and particular films. This is possibly due to the fact that Literature and Film is an eclectic field in which film, literary, and cultural theory are used but that sorely needs a theory of its own based on a pragmatic approach to the business and textual practices involved in adapting printed fiction for the screen. Other problems that beset the study of Literature and Film are the undue prominence of the literary novel in the study of the screen adaptation and the often partisan tone of the comparisons, which tend to enthusiastically praise either the original text or the film adaptation without really understanding the process that links both. In general, short stories and plays —not to mention autobiographies, biographies, press articles and even essays— are much neglected in the study of screen adaptations and so was, until recently, the popular or commercial novel. Of course, most screen adaptations are based upon novels, but there is also a considerable number of adaptations based on short stories and plays. These are often overlooked by researchers because the sources are popular texts that lack a literary status. It is amazing to realise that popular plays and short stories on which major Hollywood films are based have all but disappeared for ever. It seems, therefore, necessary to speak of the relationships between printed and audio-visual texts from a wider perspective, since when we speak of Literature we neglect many kinds of printed Literature and Film: A bibliography


The school-enterprise cooperation is an educational model using two different education environment and resources in schools and business to cultivate the talents of professional quality and innovative ability.Qingdao Technical College serves the Free Trade Zone,and cultivates the talents together with the Free Trade Zone.Carrying out the two-way interactive strategy of "Going Out and Coming In",QTC adopts such cooperation with Free Trade Zone as investigation,lectures,teachers' training,and research to expand the depth of coupling space.Some measures and revelation to solve issues affecting bilateral cooperation are put forward in the paper.


In an attempt to restore the normal skin colour of pigmentless skin (vitiligo), Indians used certain black seeds. In the Indian sacred book Atharvaveda there is a mention of such a plant: "Thou, o plant, who produce even colour... Render this (spot) to even colour". Ancient Indian medical literature indicates that Bakuchi or Posoralea corylifolia Linn. was the most widely used plant. This plant has subsequently been found to contain a photodynamically active furocoumarin, psoralen.


Introduction Since the explosion of pheromone identification and synthetic production of the 1960's, pheromone utilization has become a valuable technique for monitoring and control of insect infestations (Cork, 2004) Pheromones are collectively grouped into one family of specific chemical signals designated as semiochemicals. Specific pheromones in this category are synthetically created, placed in traps that are in turn used for population tracking, stages of development and mating disruption of common stored- product pest beetles. These insects have the dexterity to infest processed foods, whole grains such as barley, rye, corn, oat and rice. Trapping and monitoring through pheromone usage can assist in reducing the amount of insecticide used by pest-control managers, only spraying when insects surpass certain levels or when they enter a vulnerable stage. Many stored-product pest beetles produce pheromones that can be classified as long-chain carbon compounds, predominately consisting of acids, aldehydes, acetates and esters. Many of these pheromones are unsaturated and consist of one or more double bonds that can be oriented into an E or Z conformation creating one or more isomers. Pheromones produced by stored-product beetles are generally more complex when compared with pheromones produced by stored-product moths. As a result of this complexity, stored-product beetle pheromones contain a degree of chirality creating additional isomers. The chemistry used for producing these compounds is more involved but can be easily reproduced and contains highly stable intermediates leading to the commercial availability of these particular pheromones. 2. Commercially available pheomones for stored-product The majority of pheromones range anywhere from 7-18 carbons in length producing carbon-chained compounds. Pheromones vary by functional group (i.e., acid, aldehyde, acetate, ester), double bond position and the configuration of the double bond (E or Z). Some of these pheromones are also branched containing methyl groups at various positions on the compound. These methyl groups create chirality in the compound depending upon how they are oriented on the molecule (R or S configuration). These factors are attractant determining for a variety of different beetles. Small changes in double bond placement and orientation of double bond or methyl group substituents may prevent attraction. The same holds true for alterations of functional groups. Through the use of organic syntheses, coupling of smaller organic compounds and the manipulation of long chain carbon compounds, these particular beetle pheromones can be made commercially available.


The ability of pluripotent murine embryonic stem (muES) cells to differentiate into all cell types makes them a very promising tool for cell therapy. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and differentiation of the ES cells is a pre-requisite for selecting adequately the cell conditions which will be accessible for future use of ES cells in treating hematological malignancies. Pharmacological agents such as arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) have shown to be an effective anticancer agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia but its effect on murine embryonic stem cells prior to differentiation and subsequent target organ toxicity is yet to be determined. This study was done to gain insight into the biological effects of As 2 O 3 on muES cell line, E14, with respect to differentiation, proliferation, cytotoxicity and cell cycle status in vitro. MuEs cells were cultured in complete DMEM in the presence of LIF on gelatin coated plates for 24 hours prior to the addition of varying concentrations of As 2 O 3 (0, 0.5,1, 5, and 10 μmol/L, respectively), and the cells were incubated for an additional 48 hours. The differentiation potential of As 2 O 3 was determined by measuring Oct-4 levels by flow cytometry. Proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion. Cytotoxicity of As 2 O 3 was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle status was measured by Propidium Iodide using flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that As 2 O 3 at different concentrations did not induce differentiation. However, the proliferation of muES cells treated with As 2 O 3 was inhibited in a concentration and time dependent manner. The cell-killing rate of As 2 O 3 on muES cells was both dose and time dependent with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ~ 5±0.2 μM and ~3.75±0.7 μM at 24 and 48 hours respectively. Propidium iodide DNA staining revealed that after 48 hour incubation with arsenic, cells in S phase remained relatively constant (~62–67%) at low doses of As 2 O 3 but this decreased by half (33%) at a high dose of 10uM As 2 O 3 . The percent of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle increased to 41±9% in 10μM treated cells compared to 6±3% in control. In conclusion, As 2 O 3 does not induce the differentiation of muES cells into different lineages, but does inhibit growth and alter the cell cycle kinetics of these cells in a dose dependent manner.


Whether students benefit from written corrective feedback may depend on their level of engagement with the feedback. To date, student engagement with written corrective feedback has been investigated qualitatively. However, the association between student engagement with feedback and learning outcomes that result from that engagement has not been examined. Moreover, little attention has been paid to secondary students' engagement with written corrective feedback because most studies have focused on university students. Therefore, this mixed-method experimental study was conducted to discern if there is an association between student engagement with feedback and English writing grammar accuracy and explore how high school students engaged with the feedback behaviorally, affectively, and cognitively. Writing tests and a questionnaire were conducted with 26 tenth graders, and focus group interviews were conducted with five randomly-selected participants before, during, and after the intervention. The results indicated that there was no significant association between the variables. Our results indicate that students' engagement with WCF had both negative and positive effects on their English language writing accuracy. The nature of their engagement with this type of feedback was ultimately found to be complex and linked to the three dimensions of student engagement.


Multi-objective optimization is a method used to produce suitable solutions for problems with more than one Objective. Various multi-objective optimization algorithms have been developed to apply this method to problems. In multi-objective optimization algorithms, the pareto optimal method is used to find the appropriate solution set over the problems. In the Pareto optimal method, the Pareto optimal set, which consists of the solutions reached by the multi-objective optimization, includes all the best solutions of the problems in certain intervals. For this reason, the Pareto optimal method is a very effective method to find the closest value to the optimum. In this study, the Multi-Objective Golden Sine Algorithm we developed (MOGoldSA), the recently published Multi-Objective Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (MOAHA), and the Non-Dominant Sequencing Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), which has an important place among the multi-objective optimization algorithms in the literature, are discussed. In order to see the performance of the algorithms on unconstrained comparison functions and engineering problems, performance comparisons were made on performance metrics


Social design highlights design-based practices towards collective and social ends rather than predominantly commercial or consumer-orientated objectives. This paper shares staff and students experiences of participating in a pioneering interdisciplinary approach to social design at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. The paper describes the key learning that arose from the implementation of a pioneering approach to the teaching of social design practice in the MA Design Programme (Graphics, Product, Interiors, Jewellery & Metalwork, Packaging, Illustration & Fashion) at Sheffield Hallam University. Staff reflections on the process of crafting the learning experience will be situated alongside the student voice of how it felt to participate in the module and to work alongside people in real-world scenarios.
Taking the conference theme of design process, planning and strategy for sustainable best practices holistically and the sub-theme of design curriculum on sustainability the session particularly highlights the value of situating learning beyond the classroom in real-world contexts. Holism here relates to the recognition that learning is socially situated, that it draws on the individual strengths and resources the student brings and that by involving practitioners from different specialisms learning has the potential to bring about real-world transformation and change beyond the boundaries of the subject discipline.


Gamification in education offers an innovative way of learning. However, some studies claim that, while it helps raise students' motivation, the kind of motivation is extrinsic and, so, intrinsic motivation declines with time. The researchers used the descriptive research design to describe the STEM students' intrinsic motivation along with the utilization of game elements in teaching genetics through a learning management system. The researchers collected quantitative data using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, which were analyzed through descriptive statistics and complemented with qualitative data from the students' journals and interviews. Overall, the students agreed (M = 5.38, SD = 1.20) that gamification, despite being characterized as extrinsically motivating, had intrinsically motivated them. Its proper implementation helps students adapt to and overcome unfavorable behaviors towards competitiveness and emphasizes the role of teachers in facilitating learning. Time constraints, peer pressure, and distractions were noted; hence, more research is needed to address these challenges and determine the long-term effects of gamification.


While it is difficult to achieve precise control by traditional control method,this article proposed a Particle Swarm Optimezation improved by solution space division to optimize the Fuzzy-PID controller, and applicated it to 3-TPT parallel mechanism,and overcomed the shortcomings that accuracy of traditional controller is not high. In this article,it introduced the regulatory role of the various parameters of the controller and analyzed the influencing factors and established the fuzzy control rules. We set up model by Simulink that it could not only understand the structure of control system intuitively,but easy to operate and regulate parameter. By the simulation results,this controller had some advantages that adjustment time is short, small overshoot,high control accuracy,better robustness and could achieve satisfactory results.


This paper reports an investigation of stock–recruitment relations for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We regard these relations as stochastic functions characterized by an expected stock–recruitment relation and deviations from this expectation driven by observational error and uncharacterised environmental variability. We estimate model parameters by standard Bayesian methods. Analysis of the input–output characteristics of segments of the salmon life cycle in the Girnock Burn (Northeast Scotland) reveals two independent regulatory processes, one between ova and fry and the other between fry and smolts. Comparison of stock–recruitment relations for Atlantic salmon in Scotland, Ireland, and Canada, reinforced by an extended series of simulation studies, shows that even when comparatively long time series of high quality data are available, it is frequently difficult to exclude the possibility of low stock depensation — an effect whose implication of enhanced extinction risk implies that precautionary mana...


This article examines how Swedenborgianism linked the conscious and unconscious mind through the literary symbol. It has long warranted critical attention that Swedenborg, nearly two centuries before Jung, launched an exploration of archetypal images. What I will attempt below is a study of the reception history of Swedenborg, or, more precisely, an examination of how the psychological and literary dimensions of Swedenborg's writing have been a significant attraction to readers. To cite as Rix, R.W., 2014, 'Emanuel Swedenborg, Transpersonal Psychology and the Literary Text', PsyArt 18, pp. 25–42. This article examines how Swedenborgianism linked the conscious and unconscious mind through the literary symbol. It has long warranted critical attention that Swedenborg, nearly two centuries before Jung, launched an exploration of archetypal images. What I will attempt below is a study of the reception history of Swedenborg, or, more precisely, an examination of how the psychological and literary dimensions of Swedenborg's writing have been a significant attraction to readers. The theosophist and visionary Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) was undoubtedly the most influential spiritualist on both sides of the Atlantic during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He has influenced a wide number of philosophers, psychologists and thinkers, such as Arthur Schopenhauer, D. T. Suzuki, and William James and the reverberations of his teachings are still discernible in many New Age movements. There is a salient influence of Swedenborg to be found among a number of well-known artists. These include William Blake, S.T. Coleridge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Robert and Elizabeth Browning, Charles Baudelaire, Honoré de Balzac, Walt Whitman, August Strindberg, Willam Butler Yeats, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ezra Pound, Robert Frost, Jorge Louis Borges, A.S. Byatt, and R.W. Rix / PsyArt 18 (2014) 25–42 26 the list goes on (see further list in MacNeilly, xxii). Most of these names were never confessors to the Swedenborgian Church, but seem to have been attracted to Swedenborg since he allowed art to have a psychological dimension, linking it to man's inner quest for spirituality and transcendence. This article progresses in three stages. (1) I will first examine the early and still ongoing recovery of Swedenborg as a pioneer of psychological theory. It is possible to document how early developments of transpersonal psychology were in fact responding to Swedenborg's works. (2) I will then train the lens on Swedenborg's theory of divine archetypes. Swedenborg and his followers took a pluralistic interest in world mythologies. The spiritual investment in non-Christian images was based on Swedenborg's notion that myths harboured archetypes capable of effecting psychic transformation. (3) Finally, I will focus on the reception history of Swedenborg's own visions. Even when commentators rejected Swedenborg's claims to map Heaven and Hell as factually untrue, his figurative scenarios have often been accepted as constructive allegories for fantasy formation and utilization – capacities to be activated (it is believed) to heal mankind's fractured psyche. I will trace how continuous attempts at reading Swedenborg as essentially a literary writer in this respect have contributed to sustaining an interest in his highly eccentric writing. Swedenborg and the "Internal" Mind To begin with, a brief introduction to Swedenborg and his work is in order. Emanuel Swedenborg was born as the son of a Lutheran bishop in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1688. During the first 56 years of his life, he pursued a career as a scientist and inventor with numerous publications on scientific, civic, and philosophical subjects. Among Swedenborg's published works, his contribution to the field of brain science, especially neuro-localization theory, is increasingly being recognized today. Swedenborg was particularly prescient about the functions of the cerebral cortex, the corpus callosum, and the pituitary gland (see e.g. Norsell; Gordh et al.; Gross; and Akert & Hammond). But Swedenborg's life took a dramatic turn in the year 1744, when he began to have a series of strange dreams. Over time, these dreams developed into fullblown visions. In his later theosophical works, Swedenborg claimed that he was able to travel to the spiritual world, where he would encounter spirits of the dead living in communities (or even cities) of Heaven and Hell. Central to Swedenborg's teaching is the idea of psychic growth. This hinges on the science of what he terms Correspondences, which is one of the most developed and applied ideas in his works. The entire natural universe (the liber naturae) was written in types, which man should interpret as spiritual signs. Swedenborg believed that man could use his "internal" mind to interpret the external universe, and, by doing so he would reach a higher state of mind in contact with spiritual essences. Swedenborg also produced several works of R.W. Rix / PsyArt 18 (2014) 25–42 27 biblical exegesis, explaining how divine symbols for psychic transformation were written into the testaments. Swedenborg's Arcana Coelestia (17491756), which in English translation fills twelve volumes, is one long exegesis of the two first books of Genesis. Here, Swedenborg expounds the "internal sense" of the creation narrative as a tale of human psychic reintegration with a higher understanding of the self and its spiritual potential. Swedenborg is at the end of a long "inner light" tradition of mysticism in which the Bible is read as a series of allegories for mental transformation of the spiritual human. From this short account of Swedenborg, we may proceed to discuss Swedenborg's reception history. Several commentators have called attention to the fact that Swedenborg's investigations of how the mind functions on different levels make him one of the forerunners of psychology. As Oluf Lagerkrantz explains, what Swedenborg referred to as the "internal" mind is what psychoanalysis today calls "the Unconscious" (115). Those who see Swedenborg as an early pioneer of psychology also refer to his emphasis on dreams, while his description of man going through various stages of mental illumination is seen to correspond to the progression towards psychic wholeness described by Jungian psychologists (see e.g. Spoerl; Grange; Taylor "Historic Implications;" and Cole). A good deal of Swedenborg's theosophical and mystical vocabulary is difficult to fit into mainstream paradigms of modern psychology. However, as Carolyn Blackmer maintains (expressing a now mainstream view): "unless the psychological basis of Swedenborg's spiritualworld experience is understood, his theology is easily misinterpreted" (1). In some sense, it is possible to "translate" all spiritual searches to psychological notions of self-actualization. Indeed, the possibility of appropriating Swedenborg's systematic investigation of the spiritual mind to psychology is discernible in the early reception history of Swedenborgianism. The Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge openly disagreed with a number of Swedenborgian tenets, yet he concedes that Swedenborg demanded "gratitude and admiration" as a "Psychologist" (992). A more sustained attempt at connecting Swedenborg's works with the emerging science of psychology appeared in the posthumous English publication of Swedenborg's Regnum animale anatomice, physice et philosophice perlustratum (written 1744). This book was Swedenborg's attempt, through various medical examinations, to describe the location of the soul in the human brain. Swedenborg's insistence that a higher spirit was rooted within the mind, but out of reach of consciousness, encouraged Swedenborg's English translator to entitle the tract The Soul, or Rational Psychology (Swedenborg 1887). In the wake of this publication, the prominent Swedenborgian propagator James John Garth Wilkinson declared that Swedenborg had inaugurated what would be a new "chapter" in the examination of man's psychological foundation. He believed that psychology, which was fast emerging as a secular science at the time, should be reintegrated with a Swedenborgian focus on the "spiritual". In recent years, this call for reintegration of epistemologies has R.W. Rix / PsyArt 18 (2014) 25–42 28 been answered by developments in psycho-therapeutical practice. Leon James, Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii, has launched a method of investigation which he coins 'theistic psychology'. This operates on the basis of a Swedenborgian model of man (www.theisticpsychology). A Swedenborgian approach is similarly promoted by the South African clinical psychologist Abie Venter (www.quantuminteractive.net). A link to Swedenborg is most often found in relation to the branch of study labeled transpersonal psychology, which is often concerned with humanity's recognition and realization of transcendent states of consciousness (Martin). In fact, it may be possible to discern a direct line of Swedenborgian influence in the development of transpersonal psychology as a school. In his textbook on the subject, Paul F. Cunningham writes: Modern transpersonal psychology is a uniquely American psychology and a reflection of America's visionary folk psychology and alternative reality tradition embodied in Swedenborgianism, spiritualism, utopianism, and the New England Transcendentalist movement at the turn of the century' (16; cf. 98; see also Taylor "Swedenborg in the History of American Psychology"). The Transcendentalist movement, represented by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, incorporated Swedenborgian elements into their philosophy of man. Emerson included a long essay on Swedenborg in his Representative Men (1850). An even more direct route of influence goes through William James, sometimes dubbed "the father of American psychology," who grew up in a Swedenborgian household (Warren 55-86). We may certainly d