With the aim of measuring the prevalence and incidence of intramammary infections in Carora breed cows, was carried out an experiment in 10 farms belonging to the Venezuelan Association of Breeders of Carora Cattle (ASOCRICA). In half of these farms, the cows were housed permanently, while in the other half the animals were in pasture. All farms chosen had more than 80 cows. The experimental design was to conduct three evaluations (February-March, June-July, and November) on each farm, so that each took 51 samples of milk from udder and a milk sample from the tank. The 51 cows sampled in each evaluation were chosen according to their lactation number (primiparous and multiparous) and lactation status (Start: 7-100 days; Half: 101-200 d; End> 201 d) as follows: a) 21 primipa


A method for observing non-recurrent events having short rise-time has been developed. Signals are sent to a transmission line where 50 sampling gates are tapped. A control pulse triggered by the incoming signal opens simultaneously all the linear gates. Successive tapping points are placed at 200 ps "distance" and the opening time of the gates is a little less. The full event is observed for a period of 10 ns and reproduced with 50 points. At present only 18 points are tapped.


This paper presents simple ways of implementing wavelet filters of arbitrary length without any analog-digital conversion and storage devices. Designed wavelet filters are fast, easy to implement, standardized inputs and outputs, and the ability to quickly cascading, restructuring and discrete-analog representation of the results.


Recently, floc-forming bacteria of activated sludge have attracted the interest of many microbiologists in the field of sanitary engineering. In a study on Zoogloea ramigera, a floc-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge, K. Crabtree et al. (Appl. Microbiol. 13:218, 1965) noted the accumulation of poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) as a possible mechanism of flocculation in this bacterium. In the course of study on floc-forming bacteria of activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant, one bacterial species was isolated which flocculated intensively in the medium containing 0.5% glucose and 0.1% yeast extract, but not in the medium containing 0.5% polypeptone in place of glucose. When this bacterium was cultured in the above glucose medium, about 25 ml of easily settleable sludge was obtained per liter of the medium, and the supernatant solution was almost clear. This bacterium resembles Z. ramigera or Pseudomonas species in many respects, e.g., in its taxonomical properties and its ability to form typical finger-like flocs (J. A. Mueller, J. Morand, and W. C. Boyle, Appl. Microbiol. 15:125, 1967). However, unlike Z. ramigera, it lacks the ability to form PHB. Pure culture flocs have high purification capacity; mixed liquor containing about 1,800 mg of suspended solids per liter could remove about 200 mg of glucose per liter per hr at 30 C. Further examination of the factors influencing the flocculation process of this bacterium revealed the following: Although it can grow and flocculate well, irrespective of the C to N ratio, in a medium containing glucose as a sole source of organic carbon, the presence of magnesium ion inhibited flocculation almost perfectly even at a concentration as low as 2 mg per liter. Namely, when this bacterium was cultured in magnesiumfree medium, the optical density of supernatant solution after sedimentation of flocs was 0.07, whereas total optical density of the culture after mechanical destruction of the flocs was 0.35. On the other hand, optical density of the culture grown in the medium containing 2 mg of magnesium ion per liter was 0.62, and no floc that settled was formed. Calcium ion could not replace the action of magnesium ion. It has not yet been learned whether mineral composition of sewage actually affects the flocculation process of activated sludge. Moreover, it is doubtful that bacteria like the one reported here are dominant in activated sludge from sewage treatment plants. However, the findings mentioned above are interesting from the standpoint of bacterial physiology and biochemistry in that bacterial flocculation can be controlled by such environmental factors as magnesium ion.


Characteristic parameters of a device with p-n junction, namely the ideality factor n, the saturation current Is, and the Shunt resistance Rsh. These parameters give a first idea of the conduction phenomena. They also inform about the performances of the device and the possibilities of optimization of its operation. In this paper, a new method for numerical extraction of the diode parameters (these parameters are the usually the saturation current, the ideality factor and the shunt resistance), has been investigated. The method is based on calculating the differentiation of the current-voltage function. The validity of this method has been confirmed by the way of current-voltage measurements of a commercial silicon sample. Results from a numerical extraction of these parameters are presented, and these results were considered in good agreement.


The experimental programme that is the focus of this report dealt with twelve beams cast in three groups: Normal Concrete (NC), High Strength Concrete (HSC), and Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). The applied loads, resulting torsional moments, angles of twist and longitudinal strains are listed in Tables and presented in graphs, to aid discussion. The results of the practical work revealed that increasing the compressive strength of a section increases the stiffness of a beam, thus decreasing the angle of twist markedly. Increasing the steel fibre content in a section similarly decreases the value of the angle of twist of the beam, as well as resulting in an increase in stiffness. Increasing the compressive strength of a section also increases the stiffness of a beam, thus decreasing the longitudinal strain. While increasing the steel fibre content in a section decreases the value of longitudinal strain on all beams, resulting in an increase in stiffness, the highest improvement (100%) was seen in the HSC group.


Peggy Nuttall, who has died aged 90, was one of the most influential nurses of the 20th century. As a result of her work nursing journals stopped being magazines written by doctors. Instead they became publications containing nursing research, written by nurses.


The expropriation of African American culture by European American institutions of ideation is a well-established fact and cultural dilemma facing African American creative artists and intellectuals (Cruse, 1971; Dates & Barlow, 1990; Drake, 1987; George, 1989; Jones, 1963; Walton, 1972). This dilemma is linked to the cultural dialectic that has pervaded the African American experience, which is the problem of cultural hegemony (Semmes, 1982, 1986~the systemic negation of one culture by another. For example, the venerable anthropologist St. Clair Drake (1987, p. xv) has observed, &dquo;Since black communities have been, and are, relatively powerless, their cultural products are constantly being 'coopted' for ends other than those they set for themselves.&dquo; Cultural products, particularly music, language, dance, and stylistic norms are absorbed into the broader White-controlled com-


In view of the fire disaster caused by such troubles as the electrical element trouble and the loosening of the amphenol connectors in the power supply transverse box for air-conditioned passenger cars,the design scheme of the temperature monito- ring system in the power supply transverse box is put forward.


A design of nonlinear lens using Kerr effect is described. The incident light changes the focal length of the lens and this light induced focal length change are utilized to optical switching and routing. Using this type of lens all optical 3 input AND, X-OR and majority function logic gates, two input AND, X-OR, NAND, NOR, X-NOR, optical processors half Adder, Full Adder are implemented. Controlled operation of the logic gates is also explained.


The invention relates to a submerged surface cleaner device comprising a hollow body and the driving body over the submerged surface; a filter chamber formed in said hollow body and having: a liquid inlet; a liquid outlet; a hydraulic circuit for circulation of liquid between the inlet and the outlet through a device (11) for filtering, characterized in that the device (11) for filtering comprises a housing (49, 55) removably mounted in the filter chamber filtration and can be inserted / extracted in one piece into / from the filter chamber, and in that said housing (49, 55) filter having at least a lower end opening at the base of said hollow body and constituting an input of liquid in the hollow body of the device.


Abstract The relationship between question words (Q-words) and focus is far more complex than generally assumed, in FDG or elsewhere. Q-words are not always contrastive, the focus of a Q-word clause can have more elements than the Q-word in its scope, and Q-word clauses may contain another, separate focus besides the Q-word. This becomes apparent when studying languages in which the Q-word seems to be freely distributed across the clause. A clear example is Hittite, an extinct Indo-European SOV language in which the placement of Q-words is not restricted to the preverbal focus position expected for SOV languages. In this article I will show that Hittite uses multiple strategies for the placement of Q-words, depending on the degree of counterexpectancy of the Q-word question. This motivation for the placement of the (always focused) Q-constituent is shared with the placement of focus constituents in Hittite declaratives. We should thus abandon the notion of a special question focus type, and describe the focus structure at the interpersonal level in FDG irrespective of the type of illocutionary act. As a corollary, the existential presupposition of a Q-word question, often taken to be its only pragmatic presupposition, is detached from its focus structure. In this article the existential presupposition is considered an inherent property of the Q-word, not of the question. Another consequence is that an FG-type focus typology as already established for declaratives can be set up for Q-word questions as well.


In his Confessions, Augustine describes how in 386, prior to his baptism, he was deeply moved by the singing of hymns in the church of Ambrose in Milan. He also reports that the singing of hymns was a recent innovation inspired by eastern examples. His account makes clear that singing entailed emotional dimensions in addition to the eschatological message of the words proper. Because singing had been important in Jewish services as well as in pre-Christian Roman religion, its introduction into the Christian church can be considered as a concession to pre-Christian cultural practices, which caused Jerome to make clear that he did not approve. With reference to passages in Augustine and other near contemporary authors and attention to the technical meaning of terms such as "dicere," "loqui," and "canere," it is argued here that there was great disagreement in the western church in Late Antiquity as to the way hymns should be performed, and that the views of Augustine have been followed too uncritically by modern writers.


In our study of the influence of corticotropins, we have dealt with patients rather severely ill with either the acute or chronic forms. The diagnosis has been based upon the clinical picture combined in approximately 95 per cent of the patients with the classical changes in the rectal mucosa as seen proctoscopically; the roentgenologic evidence has varied with the extent of involvement of the colon and with the severity of the disease. The specific forms of colitis such as the amebic, bacillary, and tuberculous types have been excluded by appropriate measures.


Telomoyo geothermal prospect area is located in Central Java, Indonesia. One of the manifestations around Telomoyo is a warm spring, called Candi Umbul. The hydrothermal fluids from the manifestation could be from the subsurface flowing up through geological structures. The previous research about 2D magnetic modeling in Candi Umbul showed that there was a normal fault with strike/dip N60°E/45° respectively. This research aims to know the distance boundary and the kind of the geological structure in the study area. We also compared the geological structure direction based on the geologic map and the derivative maps. We used derivative analyses of the magnetic data, i.e. First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) which is the rate of change of the horizontal gradient in the horizontal direction. FHD indicates the boundaries of the geological structure. We also used Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) which is the rate of change of the vertical gradient in the vertical direction. SVD can reveal normal fault or thrust fault. The FHD and SVD maps show that the geological structure boundary has the same direction with the north west-south east geological structure. The geological structure boundary is in 486 m of the local distance. Our result confirms that there is a normal fault in the study area.


Ellipses in general position, and problems related to their reconstruction from digital data resulting from their digitization, are considered. If the ellipse E : .4(x p)2 + 213(x p)(y q) + C(y q)2 < 1, .AC ~2 > O, is presented on digital picture of a given resolution, then the corresponding digital ellipse is: D ( E ) = {( i , j ) [ A ( i a ) 2 + 2 B ( i a ) ( j b ) + C ( j b ) 2 < r 2, i , j are integers}, where r denotes the number of pixels per unit and a = pr, b = qr, A = -4r 2, B = n r 2, C -Cr 2. Since the digitization of real shapes causes an inherent loss of information about the original objects, the precision of the original shape est imation from the corresponding digital data is limited, i.e. there is no possibility that the original ellipse can be recovered from the digital ellipse. What we present here is the estimation of parameters A, B, C and center position (a, b), of the ellipse digitized as above, with relative er1 ( ~ ) , ror bounded by (9 ( ~ ) and absolute error bounded by O 1 (where e is an arbitrary positive number), that is, with the error tending to zero when the picture resolution increases. The obtained results imply that the half-axes of the original ellipse can be estimated with the same bounds of relative and absolute errors. I n d e x T e r m s Pat tern analysis, image processing, digital shapes, parameter estimation.


This article describes patient safety strategies for error prevention and disclosure, considers barriers to implementing these strategies in the outpatient setting, and discusses how these barriers can be overcome. Errors have always been an unwelcome but inescapable part of medical care. 1 A recent report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), as well as prominent news stories about mishaps, such as wrong-side surgery, have renewed interest in the problem of patients being harmed by their medical care. 2 A core set of ethical principles guide the medical community's obligations regarding medical errors. Beneficence and non-ma-leficence require that physicians prevent errors whenever possible. When an error occurs, respect for patient autonomy and truth-telling support fully disclosing the error to the patient. 3 New patient safety programs are being developed to improve the prevention and disclosure of medical errors. These safety programs emphasize that medical errors are primarily due to defective systems of care rather than incompetent providers, and encourage open communication about errors. 4 These patient safety principles, initially developed in hospitals, are increasingly being applied in the outpatient setting. 5 However, certain aspects of the outpatient environment can hinder efforts to prevent and disclose medical errors. The dizzying pace of outpatient medicine can make errors more likely. Error prevention strategies that are feasible in large hospitals may be impractical in a physician's office. In addition, the care of outpatients often involves many fewer providers than required for inpatient care, decreasing the checks and balances that can prevent outpatient errors. The smaller number of providers involved in a par-ticular outpatient's care may also hinder error disclosure. In the example presented below, the error may be known only to the patient's physician, which


Reports of Ordovician conodonts from the Arabian region of the Gondwanan margin are extremely rare. Here we provide a description of the apparatus of two new conodont genera and species, Aldridgeognathus manniki and Omanognathus daiqaensis, based on discrete elements recovered from the Am5 Member of the Amdeh Formation, Darriwilian, Ordovician of the Sultanate of Oman. The apparatuses contain 17 and 15 elements, respectively, and both possess three pairs of P elements. The apparatus structure of Omanognathus is similar to the bedding plane assemblage-defined genus Notiodella (= Icriodella) but differs in that as yet only 15 elements rather than 17 have been identified. Aldridgeognathus has similar P elements to the early Silurian apparatus Pranognathus but differs in the possession of a geniculate M element and a Baltoniodus-like S element array. Aldridgeognathus does not easily fit with either the 17-element Notiodella (Icriodella) or the 19-element Promissum templates and suggests that there may be other 17-element Ordovician apparatus templates with very similar or duplicated elements in the P element positions. A cladistic analysis based on the data set of Donoghue (2008) confirms that both new genera should be classified with the Balognathidae and suggests that they, along with another newly described three P element bearing genus Arianagnathus, are more derived than Baltioniodus and Prioniodus but ancestral to Icriodella, Sagittodontina, Promissum and Notiodella. The exact position of Aldridgeognathus is not well resolved in respect to the newly described Arianagnathus or Omanognathus. These new taxa add little to attempts to correlate the Arabian Peninsula with other palaeogeographic regions, but may prove useful for future correlation within the region and provide data to test the hypothesis of Dzik (2015) that the origins for prioniodontid conodonts lie in high latitudes during the Ordovician. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84C8267D-76E8-4DD3-92F3-0B72CA976DEC


This paper uses Baiocchi and Ganuza's communicativeempowerment framework to examine a case-study of participatory budgeting (PB) in Chicago, IL. Chicago hosts the longest ongoing PB project in North America: since 2009, the 49th Ward has allocated $1 million annually through PB. By 2016, the process had expanded to $6.2 million dollars of infrastructure funding in seven wards. Baiocchi an Ganuza's framework provides a mechanism for examining the relationship between the neoliberalization of municipal government and the growing popularity of PB. I argue that when one considers the empowerment dimensions of PB, the experience of Chicago has been decidedly mixed: limitations in the primacy, scope and reach of the participatory process limit the capacity of PB as currently constituted to function as a democratic challenge to elite policy making in municipal governance.


Serious medical incidents are rare during commercial airline flights but any that occur may have to be managed without the help of a doctor, with limited equipment and in cramped conditions. Increasingly, doctors have to identify and advise people for whom air travel could present risks. Problems can often be anticipated and prevented. In this article we discuss how risks can be minimised by careful assessment and planning.


Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) have been adopted as the enabling technologies for the 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) systems. However, due to the large number of antennas, it is hard to obtain the channel state information (CSI) which is essential for obtaining desirable beamforming gains. Off-grid error is one of the main limiting factors of the channel estimation (CE) performance, which presents when the true angle does not lie on the discretized angle grid of mmWave channel. To address this problem, we propose a joint algorithm named off-grid approximate message passing (OG-AMP) to achieve both angular domain CE and off-grid errors eliminationin in this paper. Specially, we formulate CE issue as a Bayesian inference problem to compute the posterior of the channel coefficients and adopt the Gaussian approximation to simplify the sum-product algorithm. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm shows the superiority over a state-of-art benchmark method.


: The stability and reliability of the Smart Grid system is depends on the reliability of the measurement system which is used to monitor the reliability and stability of the Smart Grid. Recently, the wide-area measurement system (WAMS) based on phasor measurement units (PMUs) is becoming an important component for the monitoring, control, and protection functions in Smart Grid. Power system faults cause changes in power system frequency and/or voltages due to the loss of generation or/and load . Generation and load shedding acting are one of the essential actions in frequency control of power system. This paper focused on the generation shedding schedule. In recent year in Iran, IGMC (ISO) does not pay the costs of generation shedding for participating generator units. Then generators mandatorily participate for generation shedding. In this paper, we introduce a competitive model for participating generators in generation shedding market and Payment strategies will be compared by Monte Carlo technique. The simulation results show not only the cost of generation shedding decreases but also generators satisfied for participating in this competitive market.


COMPARISONS OF COLLEGE GRADES. ACT SCORES AND HIGH SCHOOL GRADES BETWEEN THOSE WITH AND THOSE WITHOUT HIGH SCHOOL NEWSPAPER OR YEARBOOK EXPERIENCE by Jack Dvorak School of Journalism and Mass Communication The University of Iowa This study examines 19.249 college students who had completed taeir freshman year in 1984 and who had taken the ACT Assessment as high school students during the 1982-1983 testing period. Findings indicate that in 10 of 12 statistical comparisons those students who had completed at least one year of college and who had been on the staff of a high school newspaper or yearbook earned significantly higher scores than their non-publications counterparts. Those 10 significantly higher comparisons are found if: cumulative freshman college grade point average; first collegiate English course; ACT Composite score; ACT English score; ACT Social Studies score; mean score of final four high school courses in English. social studies. mathematics and natural science; final high school English grade; final high school social studies grade; final high school mathematics grade; and final high school natural science grade. In only one of 12 comparisons--the ACT Mathematics score--did the group pith high school publications experience show a negative significant difference. In the ACT Natural Science Assessment no significant differences were observed. While conclusions involving causal relationships have been avoided it is apparent from the study that high school newspapers and yearbooks provide a type of positive outlet for talented students that might not otherwise be provided within a school's curricular and co-curricular offerings. Other demographic characteristics comparing the publications students with the non-publications students are provided. In general publications students are more active in student organizations clubs and leadership positions than are their non publications counterparts. Also a higher percentage of minority students are involved in publications than the percentage of minority students who are not involved in school publications. Further, more than two-thirds of the students who have been involved with high school publications planned on serving on the staff of a college newspaper or yearbook. COMPARISONS OF COLLEGE GRADES, ACT SCORES AND HIGH SCHOOL GRADES BETWEEN THOSE WITH AND THOSE WITHOUT HIGH SCHOOL NEWSPAPER OR YEARBOOK EXPERIENCE One of the laments of tie National Commission on ExCellence in Education in its now well-known treatise A Nation at Risk was that secondary school curric.la have become watered down to the extent that they are "homogenized, diluted, and diffused to the point that they no longer have a central purpose. ml Further, according to the Commission, too many electives have been mistaken for main courses, and too many students have gravitated toward a general program of study instead of a college preparatory program. Indeed, secondary school students taking a general program of study instead of a college preparatory prcgram increased from 12 percent in 1964 to 42 percent in 1979.2 In their 1983 report, Commissioners found that contemporary high school students were not az able to perform higher order intellectual skills as those students from former eras. For example, in the language arts area, the Commission claimed that only 20 percent of the students could write a persuasive essay, while 40 percent could not draw inferences from the written material of others.3 Further, the Commission cited College Board scores showing a virtual unbroken decline from 1963 to 1980, with average verbal scores falling more than 50 points on the Slholastic Aptitude Test.4 Within this context, a study was done to see if any significant differences existed between those secondary school students who had been on the staff of a school newspaper or yearbook and those students who had no publications experience.


ZhANG Ai-ling is a legend in the history of modern Chinese literature. The significant part she played in the history of modern feminine literature has made her a literary phenomenon that cannot be neglected. Firstly, the artistry expressed in her novels surpassed that of all the female writers previous to her. Secondly, with the sensibility and perception peculiar to female, she devoiced herself from the restriction to female imposed by mainstream ideology, analyzed independently the spiritual world of women from the perspective of a female. The appearance of ZhANG Ai-ling is a breakup of and also a perfect end to writings about modern female since May 4th Movement, and at the same time, it opened a door for a new feminine writing in the new century and it severed as a model for later feminine writing.


The direct injection of natural gas (NG), which is an important research direction in the development of NG engines, has the potential to improve thermal efficiency and emissions. When NG engines operate in low-load conditions, combustion efficiency decreases and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increase due to lean fuel mixtures and slow flame propagation speeds. The effect of two combustion modes (partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) and high pressure direct injection (HPDI)) on combustion processes was investigated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), with a focus on different injection strategies. In the PPCI combustion mode, NG was injected early in the compression stroke and premixed with air, and then the pilot diesel was injected to cause ignition near the top dead center. This combustion mode produced a faster heat release rate, but the HC emissions were higher, and the combustion efficiency was lower. In the HPDI combustion mode, the diesel was injected first and ignited, and then the NG was injected into the flame. This combustion mode resulted in higher emissions of NOx and soot, with a diffusion combustion in the cylinder. HC emissions significantly decreased. Compared with PPCI combustion, HPDI had a higher thermal efficiency.


The new 《Company Law》 ushers in the shareholders' representative action system,It benefits to protect rights of minority shareholders,in the circumstance when company board director,high class manage personner,supervisor and others injure company interrests,it provided a means to protect legal rights and get relief pass the judicial path for minority shareholders themselves;At the same time,It also benefits to make up the current company in manage the construction shortage our country,developping a new outlet for the roughly board of directors right in equilibrium system,provids a on time mechanism managing from the company the construction exterior.


Generation of metal dust in the JET tokamak with th e ITER-like wall (ILW) is a topic of vital interest to next-step fusion devices because of safety issues with plasma operation. Simultaneous Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and ParticleInduced X-ray Emission (PIXE) with a focused 4 MeV He micro-beam was used to determine the composition of dust particles related to the JET operation with the ILW. The focu s was on 'Be-rich particles' collected from the dep osition zone on the inner divertor tile. The particles found are composed of a mix of co-deposited species up to 120 μm in size w th a thickness of 30-40 μm. The main constituents are D from the fusion fuel, B e and W from the main plasma-facing components, and Ni and Cr from the Inconel grills of the antennas for auxiliary plasma heating. Elemental concentrations were estimated b y iterative NRA-PIXE analysis. Two types of dust particles were found: (i) la rger Be-rich particles with Be concentrations above 90 at% with a deuterium presence of up to 3.4 at% and containing Ni, Cr, W, Fe, Cu and Ti in lower concentrations and (ii) small p articles rich in Al and/or Si that were in some cases accompanied with other elem ents, such as Fe, Cu or Ti; or W and Mo. Plasma-surface interaction processes in devices for controlled thermonuclear fusion cause erosion of p lasma-facing components (PFCs). This is followed by migration and re-deposi ti n of eroded species and, thus, the modification of wall materials and fusion plasma. The plasma dynamics in a tokamak include tr ansport of eroded particles down toward the diverto r. J int European Torus (JET) is the world's largest operating tokamak that uses identical materials (Be and W) as the Interna io l Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which is under construction in France. JET has unique capabilities to handle Be and radioactive tritium (T). The wall materials include Be in the main chamber w all and W in the divertor . The same material configuration will be implemented at the ITER ; therefore, JET with its ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) serves as a large-scale test bed for plasma operati on with metal walls. Some parts of material eroded from the walls will b e converted into dust. Its formation in present-day machines does not pose operational issues because the quantities are small , especially with the presence of metal walls. In J ET, it is around 1 g per experimental campaign that comprises 19 – 25 h . However, in ITER, the generation of large quantit ies of loose particles will create serious problems because dust is a radiological (T nd activation products) and toxic (e.g., Be) hazar d. The typical dust particle size is likely to be < 150 μm. It is chemically reactive with water and oxygen in the case of a water leak or of a massive air ing ress. For that reason, comprehensive characterization of the wall components 7-9 and dust has been conducted in current fusion devi ces. A list of dust studies published until year 2011 mo stly for carbon wall machines has been compiled by B. Braams, whereas recent studies have involved JET-ILW 6,10,11 and ASDEX Upgrade . The first dust study for JET-ILW was reported in 2015 by BaronWiechec et al. . The analysis was performed on samples collected a f r venting JET-ILW during its first shutdown. Sam pling from the upper divertor region, which is the most critic al area from a deposition point of view, showed the presence of two types of Be particles: flakes of co-deposits and small droplets . Both of these particle types are of considerable importance for ITER. The composition and internal structure of the dust collect ed on carbon stickers from various regions of the d iv rtor were studied after the second JET experimental campaign with the ILW (2013 -14) and were reported by Fortuna-Zale śna et al. . Two major particle classes of importance to ITER were identified: (i) m xed deposits rich in Be and (ii) metal droplets ( Be, W, and Ni) born in melting events of the wall materials. In these studies, the composition, size, and topogr aphy of the dust particles were analyzed by SEM/TEM , FIB, electron diffraction, and WDX/EDX. Regarding the composition, the r eports provide only qualitative information (only e lemental identification). The major elements determined by SEM were identifie d and supported by 2D elemental maps and by selecte d EDX spectra in the low X-ray energy region up to 2 keV. In addition to Be, the presence of other elements, including W, N i, Mo, Al, C, O, F, S, Cl, and S, was reported. Moreover, the distribution and content of deuterium (D) in the respective dust gr ains was not studied for technical reasons since EDX cannot detect it. It is als o well known that light elements, such as Be, are d ifficult to trace with EDX since they are much more likely to emit Auger electrons i tead of the characteristic X its reported values in the literature are between 0 .0003 and 0.00036 X-ray energy is only 108 eV and is easily attenuated in the presence of C and/or O. In principle, face information at depths up to 1 μm, and in the c ase of Be, even less. For these reasons, it is almo st i possible to perfor titative analysis of the related particles with EDX . However, it is important to loose particles, especially of toxic elements like The main goal of this work was to simultaneously re co d quantitative data of composition of the dust p articles related to operation with the ILW, focusing on 'Berich particles' from the upper divertor region. The ents, including D, Be, (C), Ni, and W, and of parti cular interest and importance was the determination of the concent Be and D. Only Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) methods for this type of material. IBA methods are capable of detecting all the above elements, including D. In addition, compared to SEM, IBA methods can provide information o n the presence of light elements at much 15 μm or more). Among the IBA methods, RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) is frequently used for precise and acc rate depth profiling of thin films , while Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and/or Part icle Induced Gamma Ray Emission (PIGE) can be used to quantify concentrations of light ele m nts, such as D, Be, C, O, Mg, and Na. Simultaneou sly, Particle Induced X Emission (PIXE) can be u sed to quantify Na and heavier elements studies of PFC surfaces . For the present study, we decided to work with is widely used to detect D . Additionally, it can be used for the detection of Be, C our knowledge, this is the first work in which thes e techniques has been applied for the characterizat ion of locally sampled from fusion devices. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Dust was sampled using a sticky carbon pad from the inn r divertor tile after the second ILW campaign (2013 volved 19.5 h of plasma operation (13.5 h of X the poloidal divertor cross section with the dust s ampling positions marked. In the insert, there is a plastic cup, and in th there is a tab equipped with a sticky pad. This pro cedure delivers samples that are ready for further analyses by ion or elec beams. All steps of sample preparation, shipment an d handling complied with established procedures carbon pad made the dust particles immobile, thus e liminating the risk for environmental contamination . The image in Fig. 1(b shows the High Field Gap Closure tile (HFGC, Tile 0 ) from the inner divertor. The tile has two distinc areas: a part wi tion on the shiny tungsten coating and a zone cover ed by co with a red spot, was performed in this deposition z e. In the insert, there is an actual sample with a marked ar There is only a small amount of matter sticking to the pad ( co-deposit was sticking well to the tile surface. Figure 1. (a) Poloidal crosssection of the JET of dust sampling for these studies. The insert show the carbon sticky pad used for dust sampling Dust morphology studies were performed at the Warsaw University of Technology, P oland. For this purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi SU-8000 FESEM) combined with energy (EDS, Thermo Scientific Ultra Dry) capa typically 10 keV; however, on several occasions, lo w energy (1 or 2 keV) was applied. -rays. The Be fluorescenc 13-15 with reported uncertainties of 20 know the concentrations of the major constituents of Be, D from fuel and heavy metals.


Reconfigurable hardware is a potential technique, which improves the performance of the systems being implemented in it. In this paper, the implementation of an ECG system for detection of abnormalities in real time has been considered using the Partial Reconfiguration technique. The implementation has been done in the Virtex-5 FPGA hardware using Verilog HDL. The performance of the implemented system has been compared with the conventional hardware. The results show that reconfiguration time of partial reconfiguration takes only 1.901 ns whereas conventional one takes 6.04 ns to detect the abnormalities in the ECG signal. The Processing Speed of the Partial Reconfiguration is three times better than the Conventional method.


Long period fiber gratings were mechanically fabricated through periodic rectangular pressure grooves method.The rectangular periodic pressure grooves were made by mechanical line processing technology with the groove period of 600 μm and 60 grating periods.The pressure and temperature characteristics of the fabricated LPFG were studied with different pressure and temperature,respectively.The resonant wavelength could be adjusted by tilting the angle between the fiber and the grooved plate.The fabricated LPFG's maximum resonant peak is up to 15 dB and the range of tunable resonance wavelength exceeds 12nm by adjusting the angle between fiber and grooved plate.


Aggressive surgical treatment, including intracerebral and/or intraventricular hematoma evacuation, cisternal clot irrigation, external decompression, unilateral temporal lobectomy with resection of herniated uncus and aneurysmal clipping, was carried out on poor-grade aneurysmal SAH patients (Hunt and Kosnik Grade 4 or 5). A protocol consisting of a reversibility test of dilated pupils and light reflex under a rapid infusion of 900-1200 ml mannitol was utilized for selection of operative candidates. The patients who showed bilateral negative light reflex with dilated pupils even after the infusion of mannitol were excluded from active treatment and given supportive care only. During the period between April 1992 and December 1994 a total of 207 SAH patients were admitted to our department, with 88 (42.5%) patients arriving in Grade 4 or 5. Urgent operations were performed on all the 41 Grade 4 patients and on 12 of the 47 Grade 5 patients. Preoperative CT scans in Grade 4 patients showed Fisher Group 2 in one case, Group 3 in 23 and Group 4 in 17. Those in Grade 5 surgical group were Fisher Group 3 in 7 cases and Group 4 in 5 cases. The outcome at 3 months of the Grade 4 patients following Glasgow Outcome Scale was GR in 9 (22.0%), MD in 10 (24.4%), SD in 13 (31.7%), V in 1 (2.4%) and D in 8 (19.5%). More favorable outcomes (GR, MD) were obtained in Fisher Group 3 (14/23, 60.9%) than in Fisher Group 4 (5/17, 29.4%). In the 12 Grade 5 patients who were selected for active treatment, 5 patients survived with moderate to severe deficits and 7 died. Mortality in the Fisher Group 3 was 85.7% (6/7) and 20% (1/5) in the Fisher Group 4. In the 4 patients who survived in Grade 5 with Fisher 4, 3 were cases having casting intraventricular hematoma. In the 35 non-surgical group, all patients had died within 2 weeks. We conclude that Grade 4 aneurysm patients can achieve a better outcome with active treatment based on immediate intracranial pressure decrease and brain stem decompression. Even in Grade 5, patients with Fisher 4, especially the cases with casting intraventricular hematoma, can survive with urgent and aggressive surgical treatment. On the other hand, the result in Grade 5 patients presenting Fisher Group 3 CT findings are poor, and we suggest that hypoxia caused by cardio-pulmonary dysfunction would have a greater effect on brain condition than intracranial hypertension.


In this study, pressure drop for oil–water flow in horizontal pipes is represented by using artificial neural network (ANN). Results were compared with Al-Wahaibi correlation and Two-fluid model. This research has used a multilayer feed forward network with Levenberg Marquardt back propagation training for prediction of pressure drop. Original data were divided into two parts where 80% of data was used as training data and remaining 20% of data was used for testing. In this method inputs are oil superficial velocity, water superficial velocity, ratio of density, ratio of viscosity, diameter of pipe and roughness of the pipe wall. The number of neurons is set on four. The feasibility of ANN, Al-Wahaibi correlation and Two-fluid model has been tested against 11 pressure drop data sources. The average absolute percent error of Al-Wahaibi correlation and two-fluid model are 12.73 and 15.84 while this average for the same systems using neural network is only 6.36.so the ANN is in good agreement with experimental data.


Title: Collection and Processing Considerations in Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Utilizing a 2-Step Methodology Background: Haploidentical transplantation is an active area of research because only about one-third of patients have an HLA-matched sibling and searching for an HLA-matched-unrelated donor can delay urgent need for alloBMT. However, nearly all patients have HLA-haploidentical related donors. The incidence of graft rejection, infection, and GVHD has been minimized by improving conditioning regimens and the use of cyclophosphamide-based T-cell tolerization. There are unique collection and processing considerations associated with such transplants. We describe the unique collection considerations for the Thomas Jefferson University 2 Step regimen (TJU2) (Grosso D, Blood 2011), where the donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) precedes the CD34+ selected hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant. The DLI target dose in this study is fixed at 2 x 10e8 CD3+/recipient kg. The HPC collection is CD34+ cell selected. The post-selection target cell doses/recipient kg are 2-10 x10e6 CD34+ cells and 1. Although 0.14 x 10e8 CD3+/L processed/recipient kg is a median CD3+ dose collected with G-CSF mobilization (Korbling, JCA 2001), where the absolute lymphocyte count increases ~2-fold above its baseline (Holig, Blood 2009, Anderlini Transfusion 1996), the median dose for a non-mobilized collection is 0.07 x 10e8 CD3+/L processed/recipient kg (Korbling, JCA 2001). Therefore large volume DLI collection may need to be performed. 2. The collection facility9s lymphocyte or CD3+ collection efficiency. Donor pre-collection peripheral blood CD3+ count is typically not available. 3. The collection facility9s CD34+ cell collection efficiency. This can be calculated because the donor9s peripheral blood CD34+ cell count is typically available. 4. Higher CD34+ cell doses appear to be beneficial in haploidentical transplant (Reisner, Blood 2011). Therefore we designed the HPC collection volume to obtain a post-CD34+ cell selection target dose of 7 x 10e6/recipient kg. 5. The processing facility9s CD34+cell selection recovery. This typically varies from 30-100%. Methods: All procedures except one DLI (performed with the Spectra Optia CMNC) were performed using the Cobe Spectra MNC procedure (Terumo Corp). The following algorithms were used to estimate the donor blood volume ideally to be processed to ensure that target doses were reached: DLI: [(recipient kg x CD3 target/kg) / (0.6 x ALC)] / (median lymphocyte CE) 0.6 is the lower limit of a normal percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes ALC = donor absolute lymphocyte concentration on the day of collection CE = collection efficiency (facility-specific median = 0.58) HPC: [(recipient kg x post-selection CD34 target/kg) / PB CD34+] / (median CD34 CE) / (minimum CD34 selection recovery) Post-selection CD34 target/kg = 7 x 10e6/kg PB CD34+ = donor peripheral blood CD34+ concentration on day of collection CE = collection efficiency (facility-specific median = 0.45) Facility-specific minimal CD34+ selection recovery=0.31 CD 34+ cell enriched products were obtained by incubation of mobilized HPC, Apheresis products with Miltenyi CD34+ reagent and subsequent positive selection on the CliniMACS Plus (Milteyi Biotec GmbH) according to manufacturer9s specifications. Results: Our results in 6 donor-recipient pairs were the following: Discussion: The variability in the predictive value is due to variabilities in lymphocyte CE (range 0.38-0.94), CD34+ CE (range 0.36-0.67), and CD34+ selection recovery (range 0.31-0.81). Nevertheless, the correlation coefficients are high and as the ranges of CEs and CD34+ selection recovery are optimized and narrowed, the predictive value of these formulas will increase. Of note, all collections except one were performed with the Cobe Spectra MNC procedure. With the transition to the Optia CMNC procedure, where the collection interface is controlled by the device, the CEs are expected to become more consistent. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper is titled "An Appraisal of the Legal Framework for Adjudication of Industrial Disputes in Nigeria" and came against the background of the perennial dispute between labour and employers of labour, particularly the public sector, namely, employment under the Federal, State and Local Governments. Agitations for wage increases and improvement of conditions of service by labour have had to face up with government apparent insensitivity to the plight of labour. The results of these frequent disagreements have been the disruption in the industrial sector, low productivity of labour and retarded economic growth. Hence, this paper is aimed at addressing these negative outcomes by evaluating the framework as well as procedure for settlement of industrial disputes in the country with a view to achieving better industrial harmony. The paper has identified three principal legislations that are relevant to adjudication of industrial disputes in the country, namely, the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria (Third Alteration Act) 2010; the National Industrial Court Act, 2006; and the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (Civil Procedure) Rules, 2016. The paper has appraised the strengths and weaknesses of these legislations as well as the factors that militate against their capacity to accomplish their common objective of achieving harmony and stability in the labour sector. To remove these setbacks the paper has recommended among others things, the amendment of the extant laws to attain the best ends of justice and to restore and sustain the confidence of litigants in the adjudication process, which is key to avoidance of frequent strikes and lock-outs.


Sorption isotherms for the absorption of methacrylic acid from aqueous solutions by drawn nylon 6.6 fibres have been determined from 0° to 60°C. For low concentrations, the simple distribution law is followed, but, at higher concentrations, the isotherms pass through a maximum. Mainly, it is the undissociated acid which is sorbed, the anion being sorbed only weakly; hydrogen bonding of the undissociated acid to the main-chain amide groups is the most important sorption mechanism. Undrawn nylon shows the same behaviour as the drawn fibres at low concentrations of acid, but absorbs more methacrylic acid at higher concentrations. On repeated sorption and desorption , the isotherms for the fibres remain unchanged and so does their lateral swelling, but complicated changes in length take place owing to an initial relaxation on first sorption followed by a small reversible longitudinal swelling. X-ray diffraction patterns show that for the fibres there is no significant penetration of the crystallites. The ther...


In this study we investigate spatial dimensions of housing-market dynamics in the City of Milwaukee by modeling the determinants of housing prices. From the 2003 Master Property data file of the city, two sets of owner-occupied single-family houses were randomly selected (one to construct the models, and the other to rest the models). Besides conventional housing attributes, remote-sensing information, in particular the fractions of soil and impervious surface representing degraded neighborhood environment conditions, is added to improve the model. Spatial regression and geographically weighted regression approaches are employed to examine spatial dependence and heterogeneity. Results reveal that these spatial models tend to perform better, especially in terms of model performance and predictive accuracy, than the ordinary least squares estimates.


In this paper, the territorial frameworks are set with the aim of forming a
 regional histor?ical synthesis dedicated to the creation of art music in
 Vojvodina, a synthesis that differs from those offered in previous music
 historiographies. It can be said that the composers who greatly contributed
 to the development of the musical life of the Vojvodina communities in the
 interwar period have made modest contributions to the ?local type? musical
 modernism. In the second half of the 20th century, they were involved in
 determining the place of ?new music? within modernism and realism in the
 Cold War period. The Serbian National Theatre, the Association of Composers
 of Vojvodina and the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad gave support to
 compositional practice in Vojvodina after the Second World War.


Channel wing is a propeller-coupling layout that has good low-speed performance and S/VTOL potential. Focused on the application of this layout at the S/VTOL stage, this paper attempts to find the interaction mechanism for the distributed propeller channel wing. Firstly, the computation method based on RANS equations for propeller–wing integration was established with Momentum Source Method, which was compared with the unsteady Sliding Mesh method and validated by a ducted propeller. Secondly, the performances and aerodynamic characteristics of the single-propeller channel wings with two different airfoils were analyzed, and a ground test for the scaled model was conducted. Finally, a four-propeller channel wing was analyzed and compared with single-propeller channel wing, then the flow field characteristics were discussed in depth. The study shows that the airfoil shape will strongly affect the lift of channel wing at S/VTOL stage. Multi-propeller channel wing analysis indicates that rotational direction plays an important role in outside propeller interaction, where outboard-up rotation increases outside channel lift. In addition, the propeller wake also shows special distortion and dissipation behaviors, which are strongly affected by adjacent propellers.


ABSTRACT In vitro, applications of nanosilicon dioxide (SiO2) and chitosan were investigated for their effects on growth and proliferation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. 'Gala') explants under osmotic stress induced by agar to simulate drought stress and under non-stressed conditions. The experiment included five levels of SiO2 (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1), two levels of chitosan (0 and 40 mg L−1), and two levels of agar (7 g L−1 and 9 g L−1) added to Murashige and Skoog medium. Under non-stressed conditions (7 g L−1 agar), application of SiO2 at 50 or 100 mg −1 increased proliferation of apple explants. Use of 50 or 100 mg L−1 SiO2 or 40 mg L−1 chitosan increased growth of apple explants under osmotic stress (9 g L−1 agar). This research suggests that use of SiO2 or chitosan may improve plant growth and tolerance to stress.


Purpose. The purpose is to identify widespread life landscapes with their value-sense and vector configuration in the context of war.
Methods. The method used is the conceptualization of war-experience in 169 Ukrainian civilians' narratives with a descriptive, interpretative analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) conducted. The clarification of values, communication, professional activity, plans regarding future allowed to determine common landscapes.
Results. The three main types of life landscapes were defined: the landscape of service with the dominant context of volunteering, selfless help to the army (27,8%), the existential landscape with the dominant context of suffering, surviving (24,3 %) and the landscape of care with the dominant context of saving family, partnership (23,7 %). The less common is the landscape of self-development with the context of personal growth and the societal landscape with economic and political contexts. The existential landscape is the most common among young respondents; the landscape of care – among the group of early maturity; the landscape of service – among the group of middle and late maturity. Gender differences are as follows: in women, the landscapes of service, care, and existential are almost equally represented; in men, the landscape of service is the most popular; next, come the existential and societal landscapes. Dimensions of activity-passivity and narrowness-broadness were found out to be the most significant in multiple correspondence analysis.
Conclusions. The study offers an explanation of war experience through the prism of personal life landscapes. The determination of widespread landscapes with age and gender characteristics enables the targeted development of social and psychological support for victims.


Tin of the present invention-silver alloy plating bath is at least a tin compound, is characterized by containing the phosphoric acid compound and an iodine compound as fatigue compounds and combinations of the complexing agent as a basic composition. Without using harmful cyanide compound to the body composition of any tin at a high current efficiency - it can give the alloy film. In addition, the art plating bath is tin plated in the plating bath at the same time very reliable in the art withstand agitation air has the advantage as a solder alloy which does not contain the appearance, adhesion, and solder wetting was good, and the lead alloy coating.


The present invention by reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, to a method for preparing a methylene-di (phenyl amine). The method of formaldehyde and optionally, and the acid catalyst through a mixing element aniline, optionally circulating the acid catalyst and the previously added formaldehyde, and then supply more than 50% of the formaldehyde total amount, at a temperature in excess of 75 ℃ a semi-continuous method to be supplied to the circulating step of mixing the reaction mixture of aniline and optionally, characterized in that for processing an acid catalyst. The present invention also relates to a polyisocyanate which is obtained according to the production method and the method of the polyisocyanates obtained by phosgenation of the amine screen.


This study collected 67 Jeju proverbs about traditional child-rearing from literature, and analyzed their meanings in the sense of human responses to environment : mode of challenge and adaptation, and mode of transcendency. Jeju proverbs of child-rearing had the following connotations. First, Jeju proverbs representing challenging, adaptive views of child-rearing fell under the categories of 'evaluation of daughter as valuable being with labor-power', 'tenacious children raised by tenacious maternity', and 'pragmatic relation of parent and children'. Second, Jeju proverbs of transcending views of child-rearing came within the categories of 'fate', 'children as recipient and messenger of transcendental being', and 'child-rearing taboo in popular beliefs'.


4751 smoke from other households in multi-unit apartment buildings, clubs, bars, and public spaces and, as Dr. Akinboro points out, could carry numerous policy implications, including the limitation of smoking in multiunit housing in addition to workplaces and public spaces. Dr. Akinboro encourages patients with cancer and cancer survivors to be their own advocates by adopting rules for smoke-free homes and vehicles, and avoiding settings in which they could be exposed to tobacco smoke. Secondhand smoke exposure in patients with cancer has been shown to lead to worse clinical outcomes, such as higher death rates and a decreased likelihood that smokers who have or have had cancer will quit smoking. It also leads to higher rates of strokes and heart attacks in cancer survivors just as it does in those who have not had cancer, Dr. Akinboro notes. The survey data were collected from 7 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 82 patients in the survey for 1999 to 2000, 106 patients in the survey for 2001 to 2002, 118 patients in the survey for 2003 to 2004, 79 patients in the survey for 2005 to 2006, 145 patients in the survey for 2007 to 2008, 87 patients in the survey for 2009 to 2010, and 69 patients in the survey for 2011 to 2012. The main study limitation was that data were collected for individuals at a single point in time as opposed to individuals having been followed over a period of time. Therefore, no one factor, such as race/ethnicity, income level, or cancer type, can be cited as a cause of secondhand smoke exposure. Instead, Dr. Akinboro emphasizes, only various factors can be associated with exposure.


Physical Reservoir Computing (PRC) has recently attracted significant attention as a computational method suitable for the edge AI computing, which requires both the high performance of information processing and energy conservative operation. There are two standard methods for evaluating PRC performance: the short-term memory (STM) task for the memory capacity and the parity check (PC) task for the nonlinear conversion capacity. We have developed PR device utilizing Faradaic currents generated by the redox reaction of metal ions in ionic liquids (ILs) and the impact of metal ions in ILs on the STM characteristics has been evaluated by comparing the RC device using metal-ion doped IL with that using non-doped (pure) IL [1]. In this study, we investigated the effect of Faradaic current on the STM and PC tasks by extracting the Faradaic current from the output signal when the triangular shaped input voltage pulse was applied to the PR device. It was found out that the peak shaped Faradaic current in the output signal improves not only the memory capacity but also the nonlinear conversion capability.
 A reservoir device with a transverse Pt/SiO2/Pt structure was prepared (Fig. 1) and solvated IL, Cu(Tf2N)2-Glyme(G3)=1:1 [2], was provided between the Pt electrodes as a reaction field where electrochemical reaction of Cu actively takes place. In order to prevent unnecessary copper deposition on the top surface of the Pt electrode, all areas other than the Pt electrode tip was covered with SiO2. As a result, a structure that allows deposition only between the terminals was realized. Furthermore, to prevent the migration of the IL by the application of an electric field, an IL pool surrounded by a resist wall was formed by patterning a spin-coated photoresist AZ5214E with a thickness of 2 µm. Au/Ti (100/10 nm) was deposited as the contact pad. The device characteristics were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, a response of the device to the triangular pulses was investigated by using the B1530A WGFMU (waveform generator / fast measurement unit). STM and PC tasks were used to evaluate the time series data processing ability.
 In the present study, an artificial time-series data consisting of randomly connected binary data (0 and 1) was input to one of the Pt electrodes as the triangular shaped voltage pulse stream, while the other electrode was grounded. The positive and negative voltages were defined as 2bit data, '1' and '0', respectively. As shown in Fig. 2, triangular voltage pulse streams shown by the blue line were input to the reservoir device, and output current shown by red line was observed. Current peak appears when the polarity of the input signal is switched from positive to negative and vice versa (black arrow), but the peak intensity decreases when application of voltage pulses with the same polarity are continuously repeated. In addition, Cu deposition on the Pt electrode was observed. These results indicate that the origin of the peak is the Faradaic current generated by the electroactive species near the electrode. We divided output current data into two parts; the first half (yellow region), the latter half (green region). The first half corresponds to the rising part of the triangular pulse and involves the Faradaic current. On the other hand, the latter half corresponds to the descending part of the triangular pulse and is more featureless compared with the first half. We found that the accuracy of STM task was much higher when the first half was used. This tendency was also confirmed for the PC task. In PRC based on the concept of virtual nodes using a single physical device [3], the output signal complexity is considered to be related to the multidimensional transformation capability, which is one of indispensable property for PRC [4]. The present results suggest that the redox reaction of electroactive species in the IL increases the complexity of the output signal and improves the ability to extract time-series features.
 We thank Mr. Hiroshi Sato for supporting device fabrication processes. A part of this work was supported by "Nanotechnology Platform Program", Grant Number JPMXPF21NM0006.
 [1] D. Sato et al., MEMRISYS 2021, 4A-7 (2021).
 [2] H. Yamaoka et al., Chem. Lett., 46, 1832-1835 (2017).
 [3] L. Appeltant et al., Nat. Commun., 2, 468 (2011).
 [4] L. Appeltant et al., Sci. Rep., 4, 3629 (2014).

 Figure 1


We present a demonstration of WTF (Where's The Fault?), a system that localizes performance problems in home and access networks. We implement WTF as custom firmware that runs in an off-the-shelf home router. WTF uses timing and buffering information from passively monitored traffic at home routers to detect both access link and wireless network bottlenecks.


To the Editor:— In reply to the letter of Dr. Stead, our studies have indicated that the CPK and HBD were primarily elevated in patients with myocardial infarction. We indicated that the study of isoenzymes in general was not of value in distinguishing pulmonary from myocardial infarction. We also indicated that the LDH alone was often not useful since it was elevated in pneumonia, heart failure, and other diseases. Our conclusion was that in the presence of an increased LDH and clinical manifestations suggesting pulmonary infarction, the finding of a normal CPK would effectively eliminate myocardial infarction as the cause of the symptom and the finding of an elevated CPK would strongly suggest such myocardial infarction.


In recent years, fuel cell/battery hybrid systems have attracted substantial attention due to their high energy density and low emissions. The online energy management system (EMS) is essential for these hybrid systems, tasked with controlling the energy flow and ensuring optimal system performance, encompassing fuel efficiency and mitigating fuel cell and battery degradation. This research proposes a novel approach to energy management for hybrid fuel cell/battery systems with multiple fuel cell stacks. It introduces an online EMS that employs Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) to independently control each fuel cell stack in the hybrid system. The performance of this method is compared to Dynamic Programming (DP), a standard approach for energy management in such systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior computational efficiency compared to DP while delivering improved performance. Furthermore, the research reveals that independent control of multiple stacks results in a more optimized system operation compared to traditional methods, which consider multiple stacks as a single entity and implement identical control actions across all.


It is reasonable that the strict sciences represented by mathematics, physics and chemistry have nearly been a kind of substitutional belief of humans after"the Death of God". To conclude theoretically, the significant attraction or the extremely great power of science is, in a word, the validity of thinking and action. From the viewpoint of human action or practice, science is the only really effective means we have to deal with nature (the other) that speaks the language of power. Being a creature that maybe has no competitive advantage in biological sense except the brain, men could not live in the world without power, and the subjective human power represented and embodied in science can be considered as the only secret by whic h we could stand above all the other beings on the earth.


A noted specialist on India's energy security reviews the range of energy-related issues that will have a bearing on that country's ability to sustain the high current rates of economic growth and development into the future. The author explores the multiple challenges India confronts in securing (through domestic production and external sources) an adequate mix of energy supplies (hydrocarbon fuels, nuclear power, renewable energy sources) and describes as well as analyzes a broad front of actions (both government programs and the activities of private companies) taken to address them. The analysis illuminates India's important role in the production and consumption of several forms of energy. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O130, P280, Q400. 5 figures, 64 references.


The invention discloses a phase detection-based surface plasma resonance sensing device. The device comprises a laser light source, an optical fiber, a collimator, a polarizer, sensing parts, an optical splitter, a reflector, a grating spectrometer and a computer, wherein a light emitted by the laser light source in a horizontal direction is transmitted through the optical fiber, collimated through the collimator, and polarized through the polarizer to acquire p polarized light; the p polarized light generates two p light beams through a semi-transmitted semi-reflected light splitter, one beam goes along the horizontal direction, while the other beam goes along the vertical direction; the two p light beams pass through sensing parts in respective directions, are reflected back through thereflector, and converge into a light beam at the light splitter; the light is reflected through the reflector and enters the grating spectrometer through the collimator; and interference pattern information of the two light beams of is received by the spectrometer, and transmitted to the computer for processing, so that the phase difference of the two light beams is acquired, and refractive indexinformation of a detecting object solution in a microfluidic channel and concentration information related to the detecting object can be acquired.


During the period of the Thatcher and Major governments, 1979–97, Conservative housing policy reduced the amount of public expenditure on housing, brought about a marked reduction in housebuilding in the social sector, was instrumental in raising rents ahead of inflation in both the private and social rented sectors, privatised much of the local authority housing stock and the financial responsibility for housing rehabilitation, replaced local authorities by housing associations as the major providers of social housing, and increasingly left owner-occupiers free to face the vagaries of the market. By the late 1990s, however, owner-occupation was even more entrenched as the dominant tenure (in contrast to its lesser importance in many other European countries), while problems of affordability had become increasingly apparent in each of the housing sectors. This chapter seeks to explain the relationship between policies and housing markets in recent years and specifically examines: Housing supply and housing need. House-building and the house-building cycle. The marketisation of the private rented sector. Local authority housing: investment, rents and subsidies. The changing role of local authorities: from providers to enablers. Privatisation: the selling off of council estates to their tenants, estate privatisation, the privatisation of rehabilitation. Housing associations: the new providers. Owner-occupation: intervention or liberalisation? A policy of contradiction. Affordability and subsidisation. Housing tenure.
In conclusion, the chapter contains case studies on the finance of private rented housing and on earnings, rents and house prices in each of the housing sectors.


ABSTRACT A spectacular limestone breccia, which occurs at or near the contact between the Carrara Formation (Early-Middle Cambrian) and Bonanza King Formation (Middle Cambrian) in the Desert Range, southern Nevada, probably reflects a cave that has subsequently collapsed and "healed." The breccia blocks are angular; represent a diverse suite of shallow-water limestones that can be recognized laterally in undisputed strata; and exhibit clean truncation of late diagenetic fabrics, such as stylolites and blocky spar cements, at clast edges. In the blocks, the in situ directions of a secondary magnetization have been scattered. The age of this magnetization probably lies in the range Late Cretaceous to mid-Cenozoic, which suggests that the time of brecciation is no older than Late Cretaceous. The reccia must be older than late Tertiary, however, because it is truncated by Basin-and-Range normal faulting.


Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare, progressive inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which results in focal seizures, hemiplegia, cognitive decline, and unihemispheric atrophy. It affects primarily children and young adults. In dominant hemisphere cases, aphasia occurs. The acute phase involves motor seizures, with 50% of patients presenting with epilepsia partialis continua. A chronic, "residual" phase ensues with decrease in seizure activity, atrophic changes on MRI and permanent neurological deficits. Pathophysiology is suspected to involve immune-mediated mechanisms promoting CNS neurodegeneration, but while glutamate receptor antibodies were of initial interest, identification of an exact pathogenic factor has been elusive. Trials of immunotherapies have, at best, slowed progression of disease, but none have been curative. Hemispherectomy remains the definitive treatment, resulting in seizure freedom in 70–80% of cases, but timing of surgery remains controversial, particularly in the acute phase, when diagnostic uncertainty still remains and immunotherapy and anti-epileptics offer temporizing options.


Background: ARI is one of the diseases with a fairly high mortality and mortality rate, the housing environment in particular is very influential on the immune system. Housing that is dirty, cramped, crowded, and does not have adequate clean water facilities will cause children to be often infected by germs that come from dirty places and eventually get various infectious diseases. Houses that do not have enough clean air flow and whose residents are often found in the kitchen accumulated in the house will be susceptible to ARI.
Methods: The type of research uses a quantitative research design with a cross sectional study design with a total sample of 95 respondents.
Results: There is a relationship between residential density, home environment and immunization with the incidence of ARI in children under five in the coastal area of the working area of the Kolono Health Center and Tumbujaya Health Center, Kolono District and East Kolono District, South Konawe Regency.
Conclusion: Factors related to ARI in toddlers include residential density, home environment, and immunization.


In this article, we consider an RFID-based security risk control system of dairy products, and establish a Traceability Information Management System of dairy supply chain. Since that RFID technology can collect and storage f information fast, automatically and accurately, we can realize the tracking and traceability of dairy products throughout the whole supply chain, and finally to control security risk of dairy products effectively.


By employing the methods of analysis on documents and materials,interviews,questionnaires and data-based statistics,the author analyzed the present situation of Wushu teaching in these colleges.And comments it on the aspects of students,teachers and courses.On these basis,some advices were put forward:the means to spread Wushu should be maximized;popularize the culture of Wushu;teachers should get the opportunity to be trained to improve their teaching level;teaching method and teaching means should be improved;teaching contents should be reformed.


Abstract Right-tailed Dickey–Fuller-type unit root tests against the explosive alternative have become popular in economics and finance for detecting asset price bubbles. This paper studies the size properties of fixed sample and recursive right-tailed Dickey–Fuller tests if the relevant series contains a unit root, but a structural break in the drift parameter occurs. It is shown that positive size distortion and therefore spurious rejections of the unit root null hypothesis in favour of the explosive alternative can be a problem for both types of test. Some possible solutions to this problem are briefly discussed.


This paper aims to develop a claw-pole permanent magnet (PM) dynamo for the generation of electric power for bicycles. The design of the machine is done with the aid of electromagnetic field analysis based on the finite element method (FEM). The prototype dynamo has been simulated and tested under no-load and load conditions. The comparison of terminal voltages between the predicted and measured is seen to be excellent. The generation of terminal voltage of the dynamo meets the voltage requirement for bicycles. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Despite numerous health advantages wearable health trackers could offer, tracker users often abandon their devices after a short period of time. One reason for abandonment is users' lack of identification of their trackers as an accurate reflection of who and what they are (i.e., sense of identity). In this study, we examine the role of cosmetic customization (i.e., a modification of a given product's presentation) of a wearable health tracker in increasing one's sense of identity. Furthermore, we explore if one's sense of identity can explain the relationship between cosmetic customization and user engagement (assessed by attitude, exercise intention, and sense of attachment) with a wearable tracker. We conducted a between-subjects online experiment and found that individuals presented with a high level of cosmetic customization features experienced a higher sense of identity with a wearable health tracker, which in turn was associated with more favorable attitude, higher exercise intention, and greater sense of attachment towards the tracker than individuals presented with a low level of cosmetic customization features. Based on the study results, we recommend the designers of wearable health trackers to provide users with salient and recognizable cosmetic customization features so that users can establish a good "identity fit" with their tracker.


The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density shows a valley-shaped pattern well-known in the community of heavy-ion physics. Diffusion coefficients of heavy quark and meson shows the similar structure, and both sketches have become quite popular in the community. Present work has attempted a finite magnetic field extension of the diffusion coefficients of heavy quark and meson. Using Einstein's diffusion relation, we calculated heavy quark and heavy meson diffusion by the ratio of conductivity to susceptibility in the kinetic theory framework of relaxation time approximation. The relaxation time of heavy quark and meson are tuned from the knowledge of earlier works on spatial diffusion estimations, and then we have extended the framework for a finite magnetic field, where our outcomes have revealed two aspects - anisotropic and quantum aspects of diffusion with future possibilities of phenomenological signature.


The article presents the modeling of a digital passport per unit of manufactured products (rubber sleeve) to improve the efficiency of inventory accounting. The main ways of keeping records of inventory items in production are outlined. In the paper, accounting for material and technical values is determined on the basis of the batch method since the varietal method is not suitable due to a large number of manufacturers of the same rubber grade. This leads to an increase in the information base, and, as a result, to the complication of finding information for a particular formulation. The problem of identifying a specific batch of raw materials for the production of a rubber sleeve is defined. The use of barcoding and radio frequency identification as a means to obtain information for inventory accounting is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods are revealed. The development of a digital passport model at the stage of receipt of inventory items at the warehouse and their transfer to the primary shop is described.


An AlaAT knock-out mutant (alaat) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was isolated from T-DNA tagging lines and the genotypes of its progeny were determined with AlaAT1-specific primers. The alaat phenotypes showed decreased growth and grain yield when compared with control plants. The activity of AlaAT1 in the mutant plants was practically undetectable. The responses of alaat plants to growth under salt stress were compared with those of control plants by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and the activities and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes. All abiotic stresses tested (salt, drought, and chilling) caused a similar decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence in both alaat and wild type plants. The activity of peroxidase (POX), an antioxidant enzyme, decreased following salt treatment of alaat plants, while control plant showed an increased activity. The mRNA levels for cAPX (cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase), POX2, and AlaAT were determined by RT-PCR following salt stress. No AlaAT1 mRNA was detected in alaat plants. The POX2 mRNA showed a slightly increased level in the wild type but was not detected in alaat plants, in agreement with the activity assays. The levels of cAPX mRNA were greatly increased in both the wild type and alaat plants. The salt stress effects on rice plant growth are therefore proposed to reflect a loss of function of AlaAT, which alters the activity and synthesis of antioxidant enzymes (especially peroxidases), rather than a direct effect on photosynthesis.


In this paper we deal with inconsistent databases and propose a logic framework that allows specifying sets of actions which should be performed to make databases consistent (repairs). The motivation of this work stems from the observation that in repairing a database it is natural to express among a set of update operations, the (preferred) actions which should be performed to repair the database. We introduce (conditioned) active integrity constraints, a simple and powerful form of active rules with declarative semantics, well suited for computing database repairs and consistent answers. We first consider a "prescriptive" semantics where the allowed actions are those specified by the constraints. Under such a semantics the existence of repairs and consistent answers is not guaranteed. Thus, we also investigate the class of universally quantified constraints under a different semantics where actions are interpreted as preference conditions on the set of possible repairs ("preferable" semantics). Under such a semantics every database with integrity constraints admits repairs and consistent answers. We show that (conditioned) active integrity constraints can be rewritten into disjunctive Datalog programs with classical negation and that (preferred) repairs can be derived through the computation of (preferred) disjunctive stable models. We study the complexity of computing repairs and consistent answers and show that active integrity constraints can also be used to express hard problems.


Six high-definition television (HDTV) systems were tested to establish a proposed HDTV terrestrial transmission standard. The tests occurred in two rounds and were conducted at the Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC); and at Cable Labs in Alexandria, VA; and at the Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory (ATEL) in Ottawa, Ont., Canada. The testing process played an important role in accelerating the development of HDTV technology in North America, culminating in the development of the digital Grand Alliance HDTV System, the adopted standard. This paper summarizes the results of subjective image quality tests (Basic Received Quality, Impairment/Interference, and Receiver Scan Conversion) of the proponent HDTV systems from both rounds of testing, thereby permitting the reader to compare the relative performance of competing systems and gain some insight into the testing process conducted at ATEL.


New results with BioArena as a complex separation and detection (evaluation) system support earlier observations that formaldehyde (HCHO) and its reaction products play a special and crucial role in the effects of antibiotic in general. It has been established that antibiotic-like compounds (e.g. trans-resveratrol, Cu(II) ions) have a duplicate inhibiting effect on pathogen cells as a result of the action of HCHO. HCHO as a key molecule of the formaldehydome participates in series of interactions which can be screened by means of different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques; accumulation of HCHO and its reaction products in TLC spots is limited, however, so indirect detection is advantageous. In BioArena the planar stationary phase bed after TLC/HPTLC and, mainly, OPLC separation can be used for manifestation of deprivation of HCHO from antibiotic spots, for observation of the duplicate effect of substances with a direct effect, and for demonstration of cell proliferation promotion and retardation.


This paper focuses on the effects of career concern on fraud among tax return preparers. A two-stage model is built to ascertain whether the propensity of tax preparers to cooperate with taxpayers in underpaying tax can be decreased if the revealed fraud behavior increases the probability of being audited by the tax agency in the following period. After solving the unique SPNE, this effect is shown to exist.


-Civil engineering is one of the vast specializations that required an advanced research to utilize the current trend in nanotechnology especially utilizing eco-friendly nanomaterial for various construction such as roads, building soil stabilizations, and backfill material treatment this is because the current available material might be expensive and hard to obtain at nearby construction sites. the application of nanomaterialsis mostly specifically for improving the strength properties, Durability of already constructed infrastructure, non-concurrent maintenance, and life spanning increment. not the addition of quantity to the current existing construction material available in practice. as Nanotechnology is focused on materials in nanoscale while civil engineering infrastructure focused on the macro scale.Furthermore, there is challenge of increase in traffic due sudden rise of human population in most of the developed cities in the world. hence, the need of high performance, durable material is needed to cater for this challenge in pavement construction. Though most application of nanomaterials in pavement is still in its initial stage. But nevertheless, there is much to prevail in using such materials for road construction. Concrete and asphalt pavements are widely used throughout the world, however; they are expensive materials. Applying nanotechnology innovations with these materials can improve performance and increase durability, which in the long run can lead to a cost-effective solution. Nonetheless nanotechnology needs special attention regarding its application, toxic nature to health environment and groundwater pollution


This paper aims at providing some insight into the determinants of tourism development in Thailand. Using multiple regression models, this paper reveals that the Thai domestic tourism development is significantly influenced by the incomelevel of the population. Meanwhile, the development of international tourism is affected by the government`s tourism promotion and exchange rates. Apart from consolidating existing theory, this paper also alerts policy makers about the importance of considering the variables in the promotion of the Thai tourism development. This study is however constrained by a small sample size which is not possible to include more explanatory variables in the model. Future studies should take into account the flaws of this study for better estimates of tourism development in Thailand.


Crack opening displacements were evaluated on semi‐elliptical indentation cracks in lead‐free (1−x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 piezoceramics and a commercially available PZT ceramic. The observed crack‐tip toughness of NBT‐xBT was found to be substantially higher than for PZT. Two evaluations for the crack opening displacement were demonstrated and contrasted: A more elaborate three‐termapproximation and a pragmatic utilization of the Irwin parabola.


Abstract Commonwealth Heads of Government convened in Malta from 27 to 29 November 2015 under the theme 'The Commonwealth: adding Global Value'. They reaffirmed their shared and enduring commitment on behalf of the Commonwealth to the values and principles of the Commonwealth Charter. In a year of exceptional global challenges and opportunities, Heads addressed issues such as climate change, sustainable development, trade and investment, migration, and countering violent extremism and radicalism. They also deliberated on safeguarding the interests of Commonwealth small states and emphasised that the unique nature of the Commonwealth adds value in responding to contemporary global challenges. (http://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/news-items/documents/CHOGM%202015%20Communique.pdf0)


Swiss-rectifier is a family of high efficient AC-DC topologies. It's a combination of an input voltage selector and two symmetric DC-DC converters. In order to obtain an isolated single-stage rectifier system, the forward converter is used to replace the DC-DC converter in the recently study. However, the hard switching operation of forward converter is unfavorable to increase the working frequency of the magnetic elements. By replacing the forward converter with the phase-shifted full-bridge, the intensive stress of switches is released and the ZVS condition of high-frequency switches can be achieved. Compared with the currently Swiss-forward rectifier, the soft switching modulation mode and duty cycle loss must be considered into the new control scheme of the Swiss phase-shift full-bridge rectifier (SPFR). As a result, the control scheme design is shown in this paper and its characteristics are verified by the experimental results of a prototype.


Endodontic disease has mainly a microbial origin. It is caused by biofilms capable of attaching and surviving in the root canal. Therefore, it is important to study the conditions in which those biofilms grow, develop and colonize the root canal system. However, few studies have used natural teeth as models, which would take into account the root canal anatomical complexity and simulate the clinical reality. In this study, we used human premolar root canals to standardize in vitro biofilm optimal formation conditions for microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . 128 lower premolars underwent canal preparation using K-type files, and were treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. Samples were inoculated with microorganisms and incubated for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days under anaerobiosis (CO2 atmosphere) and aerobiosis. Microorganism presence was confirmed by Gram staining, cell culture, and electron microscopy. Exopolysaccharide matrix and microorganism aggregation were observed following 15 days of incubation. Bacterial growth towards the apical third of the root canal and biofilm maturation was detected after 30 days. CO2 atmosphere favored microbial growth the most. In vitro biofilm maturation was confirmed after 30 days of incubation under a CO2 atmosphere for both bacteria and yeast.


Interdisciplinary research suggests that participation in most forms of political activity in the United States is stratified by socioeconomic status. People with higher socioeconomic statuses are more able and willing to participate in politics than people with lower socioeconomic statuses. This participatory inequality amplifies the political voice of the upper class relative to the lower class. However, little academic attention has been paid to analyzing the impact of socioeconomic inequality on participation in local politics. By analyzing participatory trends in the politics of the rural town of Belgrade, ME, this honors thesis fills a gap in the academic literature on participatory inequality. It argues that while pluralistic sources of political advantage, like nativity, exist in the town and slightly counterbalance the relationship between wealth and political involvement, participatory inequality is still connected to socioeconomic inequality. Even in a small town, economically marginalized people are structurally excluded from politics, which suggests that, to a large extent, democracy and pronounced socioeconomic inequality are incompatible.


At present,NC lathe has been applied very widely.Its efficiency affects interests of enterprises and individuals.Programming with compound cycle instructions can simplify the program,but the correct setting to their processing parameters is very important and can cause high productivity.The paper searches the actual meaning of compound cycle instructions in running and derives the formula about the parameters.The formula can be used to guide the production practice.


It was noted that aluminium had been implicated in the etiology of certain neurotoxic disorders, but definitive studies relating diet to these conditions were lacking. The histological effect of aluminium administration were studied in 16 male rats (Rattus sp). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group K1 received normal ration considered to be the control group. The group K2, K3, and K4 were treated orally with aluminium sulphate in concentration of 500, 1500 and 3000 ppm respectively for 30 days. In one day after treatment, all rats were sacrificed, the brain were excised for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Microscopic slides were prepared applying the paraffin method and routine hematoxilin-eosin staining (HE) was carried out. The effect of multi dosage of aluminium administration for as long as 30 days showed histological changes of the cerebrum and cerebellum. The cerebrum and cerebellum showed circulation disturbance (hyperemia and hemorrhage) and metabolism disturbance (degeneration) of pyramidal cells of the cerebrum and degeneration of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Histological changes in the cerebrum were oedema between nerve fibers, while in the cerebellum necrosis (vacuoles) were found in the cortex of the granular layer only in the group K3 .


An agreement reached in 1478 concerning the rents corresponding to the Chapel of the Reyes Viejos of Toledo on sales at the municipal butcher's market, according to a privilege granted by Sancho IV. Mention of another probable agreement in 1357. Comments on the political and commercial contexts in which these privileges were granted and historiological thoughts on the "invention of the past".


Linear programming is the most commonly used method in distribution problem.This paper establishes a linear programming model,finding the optimal solution through mathematical software MATLAB,and works out the best project of material distribution.


A determination method of the content of total iron by 1,10- phenanthroline spectrophotometry was introduced.The standard curve was obtained that the regression equation was y =0.1892x+0.0033(R~2 =0.9995).The method was successfully applied for the determination of total iron content in Xunsi river and the determined result was relatively ideal.The RSD of the method was 3.2%and the average recovery was 97.8%.The method was simple,rapid and low cost and it would be benefit on remediation of Xunsi river.


Twelve patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias (PVCs) of frequency greater than 60/h received intravenous pirmenol (150 mg/30 min) according to a single-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Participating patients had previously been inadequately treated with an average of 3.0 (range, 2–6) antiarrhythmics. Eight of these 12 patients (67%) responded to pirmenol at a level of over 95% PVC suppression (mean suppression in responders, 99.7%). In eight consecutive patients, response to pirmenol was compared with that to lidocaine (250 mg/30 min) in a single-blind random-sequence fashion. Only two of eight patients responded to lidocaine. Mean PVC frequency decreased by 40.4% after lidocaine (p = NS). Five patients (63%) had adverse neurologic reactions, which required early discontinuation of lidocaine in two (25%). In contrast, seven of these eight patients (88%) responded to pirmenol (p < 0.02 versus lidocaine). PVC frequency for this subgroup decreased by 79.8% after pirmenol (p < 0.05). A minor adverse reaction occurred in only one patient (12.5%) (p < 0.05, lidocaine versus pirmenol). Pirmenol was well tolerated hemodynamically, with small increases in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate which remained within the normal range. Electrocardiographic intervals (PR, QRS, QT) were modestly increased at the end of infusion. Mean echocardiographic ejection fractions were unchanged after placebo, pirmenol, and lidocaine infusions. Lidocaine plasma concentrations after infusion averaged 4.4 μg/ml (range, 2.6–7.7). Average pirmenol concentrations of 3.1 μg/ml (range, 2.2–8.2) were achieved: geometric mean elimination half-life was 7.6 h (range, 4.2–16.9). Recurrence of PVCs to 10% of control frequency correlated with a fall in pirmenol concentrations to a mean of 1.3 μg/ml in responders. Pirmenol appears to be a safe and effective antiarrhythmic when administered intravenously. Pirmenol appeared superior to lidocaine in our small group of patients with chronic stable ventricular arrhythmias.


It is the biggest security problems of the database that directly accessing to the database bypassing the management system,or using OS tools to steal or tamper with the contents of the database file.Encrypting sensitive data of the database is one of the most effective ways to solve these problems.This paper introduces a method of solving database security problem base on middleware between the inside and outside of the database.


According to the fossil record and DNA data, the Cladocera is an ancient crustacean group. Recent revisions make their taxonomy amenable to zoogeographical analysis. A bipolar (antitropical) disjunct distribution of faunal complexes and taxa (Daphnia, Daphniopsis, Pleuroxus, Tretocephala, etc.), the wide ranges of some species and narrow restriction of others, the presence of isolated populations and the concentration of endemics in the warm temperate – subtropical zone of both hemispheres are traits of cladoceran zoogeography. These enable us to compare them with better studied (both living and fossil) plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, and to analyse their faunal formation by the modern version of the concept of 'ejected relicts' instead of vicariance. This reveals the extant Cladocera as a relict group, whose taxa were widely distributed in the past. Tertiary climatic changes, primarily within the present tropical and boreal latitudes, resulted in mass extinction of their biotas, while the warm temperate – subtropical regions remained comparatively unchanged. Although most recent Cladocera have relict status, others such as the D. pulex and D. longispina species groups and the subgenus Eubosmina are evolutionary young and show recent speciation. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 147, 109–124.


We present a new numerical method for the solution of the optimal H∞ control problem. The method is based on the γ-iteration as well as the state-space solution to the (sub)optimal H∞ control problem, but re-formulates all steps in order to achieve better robustness in the presence of rounding errors than any implementation of the textbook formulae. It remains robust in the presence of rounding errors even as γ approaches its optimal value. B ∈ R N,p2 , ˆ C ∈ R m2,N , ˆ D ∈ R m2,p2 and


Many plant species have mating systems characterized by a mixture of self-fertilization and outcrossing. Statistical estimation of the outcrossing rate has relied on a model of the mating process that assumes that successive outcross events within a family arise from independent draws of pollen from the total population of male plants. Although this assumption is likely to be most appropriate for wind-pollinated plants, it is not appropriate in certain insect-pollinated plants. An alternative model is developed that assumes that successive outcross events within a family involve pollen drawn from a single male parent. The estimation of the parameters that index this model is outlined and a procedure for calculating the variances of the parameter estimates is presented. Monte Carlo simulations of the sampling processes assumed by each model are also presented. The simulations show that application of the incorrect estimation model to data can lead to a large bias in parameter estimates.


Phenolic compounds are important inhibitors of the microorganisms used in the Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation. The degradation of phenolic compounds in a wood pre-hydrolysate, a potential substrate for the production of ABE, was studied in this article. First, physicochemical methods for detoxification such as nanofiltration and flocculation were applied and the best combination was selected. With a flocculated sample, the concentration of phenolic compounds decreases from 1.20 to 0.28 g/L with the addition of a solid laccase at optimum conditions, which is below the phenolic compounds limit of inhibition. This results in an increase in butanol production, more than double, compared to a pre-hydrolysate non-treated with laccase enzymes.