In recording my experiments on the derivatives of triethylphosphine, I have had more than one opportunity of alluding to the energy and precision which characterize the reactions of this compound. The usefulness of triethylphosphine as an agent of research has more particularly manifested itself in the study of the polyatomic bases, the examination of which, in continuation of former inquiries, was naturally suggested by the beautiful researches on the polyatomic alcohols published during the last few years. In the commencement these studies were almost exclusively performed with reference to derivatives of ammonia; but the results obtained in the examination of triethylphosphine have, in a great measure, changed the track originally pursued, and of late I have generally preferred to solve the problems which I had proposed to myself, by the aid of the phosphorus-bases. The light which the study of these compounds throws upon the nature of the polyatomic bases generally, will be fully appreciated by a retrospective glance at the deportment of triethylphosphine under the influence of dibromide of ethylene, and a comparison of the products formed in this reaction with the results suggested by theory.


We discuss the band gap tunability of ZnO by mixing ZnO with CdO. Nanoparticles of ZnO/CdO and ZnO are prepared by decomposition of their respective metal acetates, ammonium carbonate and ethylene diamene tetra accetic acid, by chemical co precipitation method. The heat treatment of the precursor powders at their decomposition temperature and beyond, results in the evolution of heat from the combustion of carbonaceous material. This facilitates the reaction among the constituent metal ions and the desired oxide phase is formed at low temperature. The particle size is determined by X-ray diffraction and the diffractogram is compared with JCPDS data to identify the crystallographic phase. The shift in the'd' value and elastic micro strain was calculated .The FTIR studies are used to confirm the formation of metal oxide. The characteristic stretching and bending frequencies of the samples were also analysed. The absorption spectra and luminescence spectra are recorded. To study the effect of calcination on crystal lattice, phase, band gap and luminescence the prepared samplewas heated at 900 0 C. A colour change from saffron to dark brown is observed without any phase change. We also studied the dependence of excitation wavelength on the fluorescent emission of this Nano composite. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTIC LE INF O Article h istory: Received: 24 January 2014; Received in revised form: 22 February 2014; Accepted: 1 March 2014;


[1] The basal sliding surfaces in large rockslides are often composed of several surfaces and possess a complex geometry. The exact morphology and location in three dimensions of the sliding surface remains generally unknown, in spite of extensive field and subsurface investigations, such as those at the Aknes rockslide (western Norway). This knowledge is crucial for volume estimations, failure mechanisms, and numerical slope stability modeling. This paper focuses on the geomorphologic characterization of the basal sliding surface of a postglacial rockslide scar in the vicinity of Aknes. This scar displays a stepped basal sliding surface formed by dip slopes of the gneiss foliation linked together by steeply dipping fractures. A detailed characterization of the rockslide scar by means of high-resolution digital elevation models permits statistical parameters of dip angle, spacing, persistence, and roughness of foliation surfaces and step fractures to be obtained. The characteristics are used for stochastic simulations of stepped basal sliding surfaces at the Aknes rockslide. These findings are compared with previous models based on geophysical investigations. This study discusses the investigation of rockslide scars and rock outcrops for a better understanding of potential rockslides. This work identifies possible basal sliding surface locations, which is a valuable input for volume estimates, design and location of monitoring instrumentation, and numerical slope stability modeling.


Eighty years ago, psychiatrists believed that mental illnesses were caused by, among other things, excessive devotion to sport, the introduction ofphones and motor cars, illsorted marriages and perverted sexual intercourse. Psychiatric theories and institutions in Australia have come a long way since then.


Objective To evaluate the clinical treatment of noninvasive ventilation in ARDS.Methods Depend on the systemic treatment in ICU department,treat 61 patients with non-invasive ventilation with veil.Results By the way of noninvasive ventilation,45 cases is in effect with the symptom of dyspnea improved.Arterial blood gas analysis shows that the value of PaO_2、SaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2 all rise (P0.01) while the value of PaCO_2 decline in evidence.Only 16 cases are useless and then apply invasive ventilation.Conclusion Depend on the systemic treatment in ICU department,treating ARDS by applying non-invasive ventilation could improved the symptom.The useless cases can apply invasive ventilation.


Central skull-base osteomyelitis (CSBO) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent intervention. Retropharyngeal abscesses should also be addressed as early as possible since mortality increases in the setting of airway compromise and oropharyngeal narrowing. Retropharyngeal blemish's clinical symptoms are generally non-specific, including fever, neck swelling/pain, drooling, swallowing difficulties, and the most common presentation is bulging of the posterior aspect of the oropharyngeal wall in 37 % of cases. Headache is a prevalent chief complaint of the adult population in the emergency department, whereas it is rarely reported yet should be aggressively addressed when it comes to children under 10 years of age. Authors herein describe a retropharyngeal abscess with central skull base osteomyelitis in a girl of 7 who presented with progressive headache and neck pain. We underline the importance of pushing for imaging in a child of 7 years of age able to exhibit the symptom of headache. Children are usually challenging to understand, especially for their limited ability to explain symptoms. So, when a child can describe a complex symptom such as a headache, he should be taken seriously, especially in the emergency care setting, and indeed, emergency care providers should ask for further imaging. CT scan with IV contrast is the ultimate modality to diagnose an abscess in the emergency department.


Traceability can be studied from different viewpoints. In this paper, we analyze it as a management tool whose implementation implies organizational changes for the firm, but via which improved competitiveness may be realized. More specifically, the aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of traceability management topic over the past twenty years (1994-2014) through a literature review, to identify the related concepts and settings that have been considered, and further, to delineate possible research gaps in the literature. To achieve this objective we created a self-assembled database, which permitted us to carry out a descriptive analysis of papers and to derive relevant conclusions and different implications for the future. We found that the concept of traceability as a tool to improve organizational performance has gained legitimacy and consequently is now widespread. Hence, traceability is treated from different areas of the firm embracing implementation, control, information systems, consumers' opinion or supply chain. Additionally, we believe that traceability research has to progress furthermore so as to dismantle its sturdy focus on the food industry because traceability management can be meaningful for broad sectorial applications. This study contributes to the traceability body of literature as it permits defining the trends about this research field and it represents an orientated guide to enrich traceability studies in topics associated to business organizations.


This article aims to study the literary relationship between time and space as a narrative construction of discursive conscience. To that end, three novels have been analysed: Fractura by Andres Neuman (2018), El rey recibe by Eduardo Mendoza, and Ventanas de Manhattan, by Munoz Molina (2004). Embracing the concept of figuration, two main textual axis have been established, namely, the alienation of foreign view, and the fabulation of memory. Through those focuses the power of spatial resemantization is explained based on two essential dialectics (inside/out and presence/absence) that cross these three oeuvres. In doing so, the semiotic approach to spatiality has evidence how the formalist deautomatization and dialogism, together with postmodern reification have a meaningful impact on the structural and hermeneutics characteristics that create the personal discourses of three reminiscent selves.


We present a few-mode Galerkin model for convection in binary fluid layers subject to impermeable horizontal boundary conditions at positive separation ratios. It describes convection in the form of rolls in x direction, y direction, and squares. To incorporate symmetry-breaking sidewall forces selecting the spatial phase of the patterns relative to the walls we introduce into the model equations a single small inhomogeneity that favors the experimentally realized phase. Then squares are stabilized shortly above onset of convection where the amplitudes are very small. Far above onset, the amplitudes strongly increase, nonlinear mode coupling dominates, and causes rolls to be stable. In an intermediate regime, there are oscillations between the three competing patterns of rolls in x direction, squares, and rolls in y direction. Heat transport, spatial, and temporal behavior of the various convective states are in good agreement with recent experiments.


The development of the bony skeleton in a partially embryonized lotic-breeding salamander Hynobius formosanus is studied using the ontogenetic series from late embryos to postmetamorphic juveniles and adult specimen. Early stages of skull development in this species are compared with the early cranial ontogeny in two non-embryonized lentic-breeding species H. lichenatus and H. nigrescens. The obtained results show that skeletal development distinguishes H. formosanus from other hynobiids by a set of important features: 1) the reduction of provisory ossifications (complete absence of palatine and reduced state of coronoid), 2) alteration of a typical sequence of ossification appearance, namely, the delayed formation of vomer and coronoid, and 3) the absence of a separate ossification center of a lacrimal and formation of a single prefrontolacrimal. These unique osteological characters in H. formosanus are admittedly connected with specific traits of its life history, including partial embryonization, endogenous feeding until the end of metamorphosis and relatively short larval period.


I realize that these athletes have to find a way to make a living while they train full time, but every time I see one of these ads where they are literally promoting really bad food, I find myself cringing... Especially when they position it in this...


A generic diagnosis of family Eucodoniidae is revised, with the monotype genus Eucodonium. Three new species, Eucodonium bitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Guo, sp. nov., E. brevistyle Xu, Huang & Lin, sp. nov. and E. longitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Wang, sp. nov. from South China Sea are described and illustrated. A key to all species of Eucodonium is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration.


A six-storey reinforced concrete frame building was designed in order to fulfil requirements of Eurocode 8. The building was designed for ductility class medium. Program SAP2000, which is provides design based on the capacity design approach, was used for the analysis and design of the selected buildings. However, based on hand calculations it was found that the software does not fully integrate the capacity design principles prescribed by Eurocode 8. For global ductility check, in terms of the strong column - weak beam concept, it is suggested to consider the effect of biaxial bending.


The dielectric/electric properties of polyurethane composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), onion-like carbon (OLC) and mixed onion-like carbon/carbon nanotubes are compared across a wide frequency range from hertz to terahertz. The highest value of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity is observed in composites with carbon nanotubes. However, the dielectric/electric properties of composites filled with onion-like carbon are also very attractive and can be improved by addition of small amounts of carbon nanotubes due to the strong synergy effect. In composites with inclusions of mixed onion-like carbon/ carbon nanotubes, the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity increase due to the decreasing of both the potential barrier for carrier tunneling and the average distance between nanocarbon clusters.


We study the topological but not ergodic properties of the horocycle flow {h,} in the unit tangent bundle SM of a complete two dimensional Riemannian manifold M without conjugate points that satisfies the "uniform Visibility" axiom. This axiom is implied by the curvature condition K < c < 0 but is weaker so that regions of positive curvature may occur. Compactness is not assumed. The method is to relate the horocycle flow to the geodesic flow for which there exist useful techniques of study. The nonwandering set QA Q SM for {/j,} is classified into four types depending upon the fundamental group of M. The extremes that sA be a minimal set for {h,} and that Qh admit periodic orbits are related to the existence or nonexistence of compact "totally convex" sets in M. Periodic points are dense in Qh if they exist at all. The only compact minimal sets in Qh are periodic orbits if M is noncompact. The flow (h,) is minimal in S M if and only if M is compact. In general {A,} is topologically transitive in Uh and the vectors in Qh with dense orbits are classified. If the fundamental group of M is finitely generated and Qk = SM then (hi) is topologically mixing in SM. Introduction. Horocycles have played an important role in noneuclidean geometry since its beginning, but horocycle flows on the unit tangent bundle of an orientable surface were evidently studied seriously for the first time by Hedlund and Hopf in the 1930's. The horocycle flow was defined for surfaces of constant negative curvature and was shown to be minimal if M is compact and ergodic if M has finite area. Apparently there was no study of the horocycle flow for the case of an arbitrary orientable, noncompact surface where the nonwandering set of the flow need not be the full unit tangent bundle, SM, of M. In this paper we define and study the horocycle flow on the unit tangent bundle of a more general class of orientable surfaces, the unijorm Visibility surfaces. We consider arbitrary surfaces of this type, both compact and noncompact, and we obtain basic information about the nonwandering set flA Q SM. In particular we classify fiA into four possible types, find criteria for the existence and classification of dense orbits in QA and the existence and


A general purpose glove box was developed that combines corrosion resistance with lightness, economy, and ease of fabrication. The box is made from a fire-resistant, selfextinguishing polyester resin reinforced with glass fibers. (auth)


This paper deals primarily with the question of subjecting to income taxation the salaries of public officers and employees and the interest derived by private persons from federal, state and municipal bonds. Other phases of the exemption problem will be touched upon only in an incidental way. The subject of intergovernmental tax exemption, or the extent to which one governmental unit may burden the agencies and instrumentalities of another through taxation, is not new. It has been before the courts from time to time for more than a century. It has been before Congress and the public periodically since the adoption of the federal income tax law of 1894. As applied specifically to the salaries of public employees and the interest on government obligations, the questions involved have been made the basis of extensive investigations and reports by committees of Congress, of the National Tax Association, and of numerous financial and civic organizations. The elimination of this particular type of exemption has been recommended by every President and every Secretary of the Treasury since 1919. The problems involved are brought out with particular force and clarity by President Roosevelt in a special message submitted to Congress on April Z5, 1938, and repeated on January 19, I939. President Roosevelt urged the passage of a short and simple statute making "private income from all governmental salaries hereafter


This book presents the status of woman in Oromo society of Ethiopia. Section 1 introduces the study in general; that is description of the problem, significance of the study and the relative status of women to men. Chapter Two introduces the sociology of the proverbs: their creations, who uses them when. Chapter Three constructs themes out of the proverbs about the status, role, access to wealth, power, etc., of the women in relation to men. We corroborate the themes with other sociological studies. In Chapter 4, we give summaries of the study. We conclude the book by making suggestions that can redress the cultural imbalances reflected by the proverbs. In Section 2, we give some contrastive accounts of the poetic proverbs in comparison with the formal grammar of the language as well we give a list of proverbs in the Appendix.


The utility model relates to a remote anti-theft monitoring system for a transformer, which comprises a detection extension, a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), a GPRS(General Packet Radio Service), a 3G communication module unit and a monitoring center, wherein the detection extension comprises a power supply module, a sensor set, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an RAM (random access memory) unit and an alarming unit, wherein the sensor set is electrically connected with and the CPU through a multiway analog select switch and a signal processing circuit; a micro-control processor is electrically connected with the alarming unit and the communication module unit respectively; and the communication module unit is in connection and communication with the monitoring center through the GSM, the GPRS and a 3G wireless common data communication network. In the utility model, the real-time monitoring of area transformers within the monitoring range can be performed, the damage of the area transformer and a monitoring computer or the normal power-failure can be accurately distinguished, and the centralized monitoring of a wireless network is performed.


The invention thus relates to a regenerative chamber 3 for a glass melting plant 1, which has a defined cross-section D. In the regenerative chamber 2, a flow barrier 30 is introduced, with which the cross-section of the regenerator chamber 2 can be reduced from the outside. The flow barrier 30 consists of several segments 31. These segments 31 may be, for example, be plate elements or rod elements which are arranged above slit sheets 29, 29 ', 29' ', 29' ''.


Review(s) of: Alchemists of the Stage: Theatre Laboratories in Europe, by Mirella Schino, trans. Paul Warrington, Holstebro, Malta and Wroclaw: ICARUS Publishing Enterprise, 2009.


This month, we focus on the wonderful celebration of Christmas, popular for its gift giving, carolling, decorations and feasting, but also for its spiritual origins and message of hope in dark times.


We have successfully developed high-quality laser-grade yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), and lutetium oxide (Lu2O3), using a novel combustion chemical vapor condensation (CCVC) technique based on a proprietary NanoSpray Combustion process. The purity of the nanopowders was >99%. Nanopowders with different dopants have been synthesized over a 10–200 nm size range, with low-cost, high-purity precursors that are viable for large-scale production. Great strides have also been made in developing highly dense (>99% theoretical density) polycrystalline Nd-doped YAG pellets using vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). This method is an alternative to the Czochralski method for making single-crystal ceramic bodies, which has several disadvantages including high cost, size, shape restrictions, and limitations in Nd concentrations (∼1 at %). Nanomaterials also enable higher percentages of Nd to be incorporated into the YAG lattice which improves laser efficiency and >85% near IR transmission, thereby reducing scattering losses associated with larger grain-size polycrystalline materials.


The attract-and-kill strategy requires an intelligent and an efficient combination of an attractant and a killing agent such as a pheromone and an insecticide respectively. The production of the synthetic oviposition pheromone of the mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) was already achieved and its combination with three different insecticides were tested. Furthermore three larvicides, an insect growth regulator (pyriproxyfen), an organophosphate (temephos) and a microbial (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) were tested in the laboratory against Culex pipiens biotype molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) as agents that can keep water free from mosquito larvae. Larvicidal activity, over a 50-day period, revealed good results primary for temephos and secondary for pyriproxyfen. Temephos killed all the hatched larvae (100%) while pyriproxyfen was effective the first five days (>90%) and for the following days mortality was in a rate between 60 and 80%. The results from oviposition bioassays revealed that except temephos all the tested larvicidals repel gravid females of laying eggs for the first two days. However, when synthetic pheromone is combined with the three larvicidals, temephos and microbial agent followed the same attractant pattern as synthetic pheromone independently.


The article is about exploring the historical background to countering and preventing domestic violence. It is established that the legal phenomenon under study has two components: an analysis of the causes of domestic violence and determining the location of each of the subjects covered by these relationships. It is concluded that, given the number of scientific works, the subject of which were separate elements
of the mechanism of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence, it is more expedient to study this phenomenon through the prism of establishing the historical preconditions for its occurrence. Today, it is crucial to study the genesis of domestic violence by researching scientific, historical, and religious sources, legislation in contemporary Ukraine, analyzing current legislation, comparing the domestic and western history of the problem of domestic violence to further determine the factors and ways to overcome it.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical aspects of domestic violence as a complex and historically stable phenomenon. The problem of domestic violence and prevention has been discussed for a long time, especially since the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Domestic Violence» of November 15, 2001 No2789-III, however, scientists and practitioners have come to the conclusion that the existing
legislative norms did not perform their functions properly , and in order to comply with international standards, today this topic is again actively discussed in society and for good reason because according to statistics released during the voting for the Law, over 3 million children in Ukraine annually observe acts of violence in the country. themselves or their forced participants, and nearly 70% of women are subjected to various forms of abuse and humiliation. And here it is important to understand that the legislator must not just implement international standards, and wait for change. The main task of the state - to realize each of their sections in reality, while achieving the goals of the law, namely: to create an effective system aimed at ensuring the prevention of criminal acts against violence, preventing them, stopping and punishing them for such actions, creating an effective system of crime investigation, ensuring the effectiveness of remedies for every domestic violence victim.
Keywords: domestic violence, counteraction, prevention, fight against violence, causes.


Arming at the generating process and propagation characteristics of earth-fault transient signal,an earth-fault location method for distribution network based on transient signal was presented.In the method,a resonant filter circuit was paralleled in line segment border,so that it could cause transient current energy differences in feature frequency band on both sides of detection device.The location method achieved earth-fault area location through comparing transient current energy in feature frequency band.A resonant filter device and an earth-fault location device were designed.The detection device was designed with GSM wireless network and parallel processing structure of FPGA and DSP,so that the real-time and reliability of the instrument were improved effectively.The test result showed that the instrument not only could select the faulty line effectively but also detect the earth-fault area rapidly and reliably in distribution network.


For a space Kemp was too inarticulate to make Adye understand the swift things that had just happened. They stood on the landing, Kemp speaking hurriedly, the grotesque swathings of Griffin still on his arm. But presently Adye began to grasp something of the situation.


Abstract A number of hypotheses have been proposed to account for the role of lagged inflation in the New Keynesian price-adjustment model: (1) In the aftermath of abrupt structural change, rational learning may appear adaptive. (2) The model may have a serially correlated error term. (3) Estimating the model conditional on labor costs may remove or reduce the need for lagged inflation. I address the empirical support for these hypotheses and find that none eliminates the need for lagged inflation. In particular, lagged inflation enters with a coefficient in the range of 0.4 to 0.5, regardless of whether labor's share or detrended output is the measure of real marginal cost, or whether a serially correlated error term is allowed. Also, eliminating the period 1980-83 from the sample does not reduce the coefficient on lagged inflation.


Paris BNF nouvelles acquisitions latines 1063 is a small format manuscript of the Gospels and Pauline Epistles (perhaps originally a complete New Testament) copied in the second half of the seventh century. In addition to its palaeographical interest, it contains a series of marginal entries identifying biblical lections, many of which can be paralleled in the Gallican system of readings reconstructed from the Luxeuil lectionary, the Bobbio Missal and other sources. This article gives a full list of the contents of the manuscript, localizing it as a very early product of the scriptorium of Corbie and edits the notes, tabulating other manuscripts which use the same passages for lections.


Research on burnout examines the phenomenon from an individual, interpersonal, and organizational perspective. The individual approach focuses on the examination of personality, with particular regard to personality traits predisposing to the burnout syndrome, as well as the symptoms of burnout appearing at the individual level. The interpersonal aspects refer to the social environment, the relationship between the helping professional and his client. Research on the organizational level emphasizes the particularities of the given workplace, job title, and the organization. Examining the causes of the burnout syndrome, Pines, Aronson, Kafry (1990) revealed three reasons for burnout based on their research with 4,000 people: emotional overload, client-centered orientation and certain personality traits. As a result of these findings, in our research we investigated the psychological immune competence of teachers, because they can be regarded as a particularly vulnerable group, and psychological immune competence is a good coping resource (Vargay et al., 2019). We analyzed the mental health status of teachers (N: 301) from individual and interpersonal aspects in 2022, in Hungary. Based on our results, among the 16 factors of the Psychological Immune Competence Test (Oláh, 2005), they achieved the weakest result in the field of emotional control. We measured weaker results in the areas of challenge/flexibility, inhibition of irritability and social creativity, too. However, their results in the field of sense of coherence and endurance are better. In the mobilizing-creating-executive subsystem, they achieved a much higher value than the standardized average (for Hungarians). In the self-regulating and approach-monitoring subsystems, the results of teachers are similar to the standard average. 92% of the teachers have a positive mindset, but 40% achieved poor results in terms of challenge/flexibility. In the field of emotional control, 20% of them have below average results, which can lead to burnout later. Our results show that among teachers, psychoeducational training can play an important role in preventing psychosomatic illnesses and burnout. Our long-term goal is to device targeted trainings for Hungarian teachers to prevent and alleviate burnout.


An argon triple‐point apparatus has been fabricated to calibrate long‐stem SPRTs (Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers) in quasi‐adiabatic conditions. The detailed description of this apparatus is given below. The results obtained and a comparison with a system realizing the argon triple point using a continuous heat flux method are presented.


Pandanus is one of the unique plants, especially for Austronesia and Melanesia society in tropical areas, including Papua. The one of Pandanus which often exploited by local people in the middle mountain of Papua called coconut pandan (Pandanus juilianettii Martelli). The aim of this study is to determine the utilization of coconut pandan by Lanny Jaya tribes in the middle mountain of Papua by using qualitative approaches (observation and interview). Purposive and snowball sampling has been used for informant selection. The results showed that all the plant organs (leaves, stem, roots, and fruits) could be utilized. For instance, the stem organs are used as materials for house building such floor and walls, and it also can be used as firewood. The people of this tribe also utilized the leaves as traditional mats and umbrella, and the leaves from Woromo cultivars can be used as cigarette rolls. The root fiber is used as material for making a traditional bag (noken) and to make the arrow. People of this tribe also consumed the fruits of coconut pandan because it tastes like coconut fruits.


This talk covers the original concept and technology of Autonomic Computing which was initiated by IBM in 2001. Although the Autonomic Computing initiative started a decade ago, it has been affecting ways of service delivery, infrastructure, and its architecture in a major way. The talk will elaborate on such influences of Autonomic Computing on the recent computing trends such as Grid Computing, Service Oriented Architecture, Cloud Computing, Cyber Physical Systems, and Smarter Planet. Moreover, it will also cover topics related to dependability. Short Biography Dr. Kazuo Iwano helps Mitsubishi Corporation as an advisor to develop new business opportunities based on information technology focusing on services and infrastructure in society. Before joining Mitsubishi Corporation in March 2012, he had been in IBM and engaged in Research and Development and Emerging Businesses. After graduating Tokyo University in Japan with Mathematics major, he joined IBM Japan in 1975. He acquired Ph. D. in Computer Science from Princeton University in 1987. He was Director of Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Research from 1995 to 2000. During his stay in T. J. Watson Research Center from 2000 to 2003, he was a key member of the Autonomic Computing initiative as Director of Autonomic Computing, IBM Research. He was also in charge of Emerging Business in IBM Asia Pacific and Japan from 2002 to 2003 focusing on Autonomic Computing and Grid Computing, and he was in charge of Yamato Software Development from 2003 to 2008. He was, then, in charge of Smarter Cities and Cloud Computing as VP of Smarter Cities CTO and VP, Future Value Creation Team from 2009 to March 2012. His research interest includes combinatorial optimization, cloud computing, and Cyber Physical Systems. He is a member of IEEE, ACM, and SIAM, a fellow of Information Processing Society of Japan since 2003, and an associated member of Science Council of Japan since 2004. He has been a visiting professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology since 2010.


This study examined sustainable tourism development as determinant of economic transformation in rural communities of South eastern Nigeria, using Imo state as a case study. 300 respondents were purposively selected for the study. A validated 10-item self-developed questionnaire tagged "STDETRCS" (Sustainable Tourism Development and Economic Transformation in Rural Communities Scale) with reliability of 0.91 was used for data collection. Two research questions were formulated and data were analyzed using weighted mean rating. Results showed that the most outstanding way by which sustainable tourism development can improve the livelihood of the people in rural communities is seeing tourism as one of the most important industries that support the rural economy in terms of poverty alleviation, job creation and income generation as the weighted mean scores (3.0, 3.0 and 3.1) are greater than criterion and grand means (2.5 and 2.9) respectively. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be improvement in the quality and efficiency of the basic tourism-related infrastructures and services such as hotels, roads, shopping malls, public amenities, transportation systems and communication to provide world class services to visitors and tourists.


Dynamics of internal migration is shaped by the changing nature of the socio-economic and environmental characteristics of the source and destination areas of migrants. It is presently established that rural-urban migration as a form of internal migration is greatly influenced by the attraction of the urban centres (pull factors) and the problems at the rural areas (push factors). However, contemporary socio-economic and environmental issues are influencing multifaceted interface of movement internally beyond the rural-urban movement. It appear that the urban rural migration has specifically enhanced rural infrastructural development. The study employed descriptive and explorative research designs . A multi stage sampling procedure was adopted in the selection of 24 randomly selected focused groups and 1025  structured questionnaire was  randomly administered to  selected migrants in rural and urban local government areas of three states (Ekiti ,Ogun, and Oyo) because Lagos, Ondo and Osun states had been identified as known destination and origin of migrants. Logistic Regression was used to estimates socio-economic variables that influence incidence of migration, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the variations in the changing patterns of migration in the study area. The results of the analyses showed that age (β=0.530, e (β) = 1.700),  gender (β=0.555, e (β) = 0.985), marital status (β=0.504, e (β) = 1.099), income(β=0.552, e (β) = 1.738), household size (β=0.572, e (β) = 0.511), and level of education (β=0.508, e (β) = 0.935) are the most significant (X 2 =38.781, p<0.01) socioeconomic variables that influence the incidence  of migration in Ekiti, Ogun and Oyo states. The variation of changing patterns of migrants showed urban-rural, urban-urban, rural—urban, and rural-rural movements with Oyo ( =1.347), Ekiti ( =2.323) and Ogun ( =2.703) which is insignificant ( ). The study suggests that urban-rural form of migration be encouraged so as to sustain the developmental progress and sustainability of the rural areas.


A system of education in the field of energy saving has been developed, built and successfully used for a number of years in the Ural region. In the Ural Federal University (UrFU) the "Energy Savingˮ Department and Regional Learning and Teaching Centre were created in 1999. At the present time more than 2000 senior students of ten institutes and of a number of UrFU territorial branches listen to lectures and study energy saving and energy efficiency issues at the practical studies yearly at the "Energy Savingˮ Department. In teaching the above mentioned disciplines a problematic-topical approach is used. It promotes forming a high level of concern and motivation among students to study and master the bases of theoretical and practical activity, enabling them to get the most actual and reliable information. Employees of the department have prepared and published a considerable volume of courseware and scientific-andtechnological literature on the problems of energy saving and raising efficiency of energy usage, forming an academic system, which includes different levels and types of knowledge, methods of educating. Masters' preparing has been started together with the department "Atomic power stations and renewable energy sourcesˮ with the deepened studying energy saving and energy efficiency issues. Taking this experience into account, an education standard of UrFU "Energy saving and energy efficiency raising in industry and budget sphereˮ. Thus, a complex approach for creating and constantly improving the system of energy saving specialists' preparation has been realized and is being developed in the territory of the Ural region.


Overhead transmission line is an important part of the power grid system. In the face of the increasingly strict national policy and supervision situation, it is one of the important measures to strengthen the cost control level of overhead line technical transformation project to improve the quality and efficiency of power grid enterprises. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the engineering cost, the project cost prediction model based on the particle group algorithm is constructed, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by empirical analysis. This method model can provide reference and reference for further improving the cost control level of power grid enterprises.


The effect of premna microphylla turcz root extration on the content of prostaglandin E 2 in the inflammatory tissue of the test SD rats was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The results showed that premna microphylla turcz root extration can inhibit the PGE 2 formation in the inflammatory tissue of the test SD rats obviously, and the anti inflammatory effect of premna microphylla turcz root extration is notable than cortisone acetate medicine, specially the 48 mg·kg -1 content.


Abstract : A morphological transition from ellipsoidal Omega particles to cuboidal particles is reported to occur while isothermally aging in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al. In light of this discovery, as well as others, the Beta to Omega reaction of Beta stabilized Ti alloys is discussed. An isothermal growth mechanism which couples minor compositional fluctuations and lattice displacement waves is proposed. (Author)


To better understand the mechanisms of low temperature carbonization,the evolution of skeleton structures for stabilized polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fiber during carbonization at 500~800℃ was investigated by 13C-NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance).The results showed that the saturated CH,CH2 and—C-O—groups disappeared in the stabilized fiber after carbonization.With the increasing of temperature,the conjugated—HC-C andC-N—groups decreased,while the conjugatedC-C groups increased in the skeleton structures of the fiber.The number of layers of polycyclic aromatic structure in the fibers reached to 1.29,2.17,2.81 and 3.42 after carbonized at 500,600,700 and 800 ℃,respectively.There was no significant increase of the number of layers at 500 ℃,while linear increase of layers with time was found at 700 ℃.


A phenomenon-based hybrid approach of experimental testing and finite element simulations is used to describe the fracture behavior of pipe-grade polyethylene. The experimental testing adopts a modified D-split test method to stretch the pipe ring (notched pipe ring) specimens that have symmetric, double-edged flat notches along the pipe direction. Two series of experimental testing were conducted: (1) monotonic loading till fracture and (2) monotonic loading to a predefined strain level, keeping constant displacement for a period of time, and then unloaded. Crosshead speeds of 0.01, 1, and 100 mm/min were used in both series of tests. Likewise, two series of finite element simulation were conducted to establish the constitutive equations, either with or without considering damage evolution during the deformation process. The constitutive equation without the consideration of damage was established using results from the first series of experimental testing, and that with damage was inspired from the second series which showed the decrease in unloading modulus with the increase of crosshead speed or the predefined strain level. The results show that with the consideration of damage evolution, the constitutive equations enable the finite element simulation to determine the whole stress–strain relationship during both necking and fracture processes.


Titanium dioxide can be used to replace selenium in the Kjeldahl determination of total nitrogen without sacrifice of precision; higher temperatures for digestion are required than when selenium is the catalyst.


Depression is a mental illness with disabling functional, social and physical impacts affecting over 300 million people globally. Despite there are known, effective treatments for depression, only about half of those affected receive such treatments. The major barriers to-wards receiving needed care are limited access and underdiagnoses. Telehealth offers numerous benefits that may overcome some of these barriers. One aim of this study was to provide nursing professionals with information about depression and telehealth interventions as a treatment possibility; the second aim is to identify the role of nurse in depression treatment in using the telehealth interventions. The study was performed as a literature re-view with inductive content analysis. Data was acquired from reliable databases such as EBSCO, Medscape and Google scholar. Together, 12 articles were selected for the further analysis. Due to limitation in number of articles available, author have included articles studying several different Telehealth tools for depression treatment. As the foundation for answering the research questions posed in this study Chronic care model was applied. This study answered the question about the effectiveness of Telehealth interventions when treating depression and provided information about the benefits and challenges related to these interventions. According to the findings, Telehealth interventions had effect on depression leading to reduction in depressive symptoms. The findings further provided valuable information about how can be telehealth tools integrated into existing nursing practice with regard to improve outcomes depression care. Nurses' role in encouraging patient engagement, supporting self-management and providing psychoeducation seems to be essential. The results of this study will help nurses working with depressed patients by giving them more tools to treat depression.


Extended finite element methods (X-FEM) can handle arbitrary discontinuities, such as cracks and material boundaries, independent of analysis meshes. This paper describes a three-dimensional groundwater seepage analysis system that uses X-FEM to reduce time-consuming mesh generation tasks. The paper also describes the formulation of X-FEM for computing material discontinuities, including faults and other very thin strata, that cause problems in the implementation of conventional FEM. Several numerical tests and comparisons with conventional methods show the validity of X-FEM solutions. Analysis of a mock rock oil tank demonstrates that the present system is more highly efficient and adaptable than a system based on conventional FEM.


Godbout, S., Guimont, H., Marquis, A. and De Foy, C. 2003. A comparison of halogen and incandescent infrared lamps for piglets. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 45: 5.15-5.19. The purpose of this project was to compare the radiation and temperature distributions under incandescent and halogen lamps using two different lampshades. The main objectives were to establish the feasibility of replacing typical incandescent infrared piglet lamps with new halogen lamps. Temperatures due to radiation and the required electrical energy were measured. The halogen lamps produced a more uniform floor temperature distribution than the incandescent lamps. The floor temperature under the incandescent lamps decreased more rapidly as a function of the radial distance from the middle (directly under the lamp) than under the halogen lamps. At a 300 mm radius, these differences were (average of three heights and two power setting) 12 and 4.5/C for the incandescent and halogen lamps, respectively. Thus, the incandescent lamps tended to concentrate the heat directly under the lamp producing stronger horizontal temperature stratification; however, the energy requirements of the two lamps were similar. Furthermore, the floor temperatures directly under the lamp with the halogen lamps varied from 30.3 to 34.5/C for lamp heights ranging from 600 to 450 mm. For the incandescent lamps, these values were 36.5 and 42.7/C for the same heights. Finally, the results show that it is possible to use halogen lamps instead of incandescent lamps. However, economic and life time studies were not carried out.


The sovereign debt crisis in the euro area is a symptom of policy failures and deficiencies in – among other things – fiscal policy coordination. The first nine years of the euro were not used effectively in order to improve public finances, while the Stability and Growth Pact was watered down. Spillovers from the financial and economic crisis compounded fiscal difficulties in the euro area, especially in certain member countries. This paper looks back at the history of fiscal policies and rules in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It makes proposals to strengthen fiscal policy governance that go well beyond the legislation set to be adopted in autumn 2011. The authors consider these additional governance measures to be essential for effective policy coordination and sound public finances in the future.


Non-Newtonian fluid flow in pipe bends is inevitable in industrial applications. Previous researchers have extensively explored Newtonian flow through curved ducts. However, the non-Newtonian counterpart gets little attention. We study the turbulent flow of shear-dependent fluids obeying the Power-Law model in a pipe manifold containing an in-plane double bend. Ostwald–de Waele's power law is used to model the fluid's rheology. We utilize computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence model. We validate our numerical results with previous experimental results. The in-plane double bend perturbs the flow in the pipe manifold to develop a Prandtl's secondary flow of the first kind. A fully developed flow at the bend upstream is disturbed due to the bend's curvature and regains its fully developed characteristics upon a certain downstream length after the exit of the bend. We study the rheological characteristics of the secondary flow within the bend and the evolution of fluid flow at the bend downstream. We demonstrate that the centrifugal force-dominated secondary flow increases with a decrease of the non-Newtonian power-law index. We capture the camel's-back-shaped velocity profiles within the bend due to accelerating-decelerating flow. The study reveals that the average flow velocity increases along the bend with a corresponding pressure head loss. We quantify this velocity rise by a newly introduced non-dimensional number, viz. enhancement ratio. The double bend's enhancement ratio decreases with an increase in n.


Processing modules in cluster tools were prone to failure and thus it was important to have effective failure response policy.By analyzing single-arm cluster tools with parallel processing module flow pattern and strict wafer residency time constraints,a Petri net model was constructed.This model could not only express the steady state behavior of the system but also the transient behavior.Based on it,schedulability was analyzed whenever any one of the parallel modules for an operation failed.If it was schedulable,effective control policies were presented to keep the system in operation so that no wafer residency time constraint was violated.Examples were presented to show the feasibility of the proposed control policies.


Objective To provide anatomic evidences for appropriate selection of the endoscopic surgical approaches to manage the lesions of the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa via dissection of these areas and comparison of the exposure ranges.Methods Eight sides of four cadaveric heads were dissected under 0° endoscope.Transnasal transmaxillary(TTM) approach,extended transnasal transmaxillary(ETTM) approach,nasal lateral wall dissection(NLWD) approach,and extranasal maxillary sinus(EMS) approach were used and their exposure ranges were evaluated.Results The TTM approach offered a good view on the superior part of the pterygopalatine fossa and deep part of the medial area of the infratemporal fossa.The ETTM approach provided a good view on above mentioned anatomic structures with additional exposure of the inferior part of the pterygopalatine fossa.The NLWD approach not only provided an excellent view on the regions as the same as the EITT approach,but also provided a good view on the whole maxillary sinus and medial and lateral areas of the infratemporal fossa above the plane of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus.EMS approach could further expose the whole infratemporal fossa.Conclusion The exposure of the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa varied with different endoscopic approaches.Therefore,the endoscopic surgical approaches should be tailored to different lesions of pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa,both to optimize the exposure and removal of the lesion and to minimize the traumatism of the anatomic structures.


There are a multitude of opinions that are popular in online social networks (OSNs). Typically, an opinion creator attempts to push his opinion to OSN users to gain the maximum possible benefit. In the situation that there are a conflicting pair of opinions, this article is devoted to developing a pair of opinion-pushing strategies that are acceptable to both of the two opinion creators. Based on a novel conflicting opinion propagation model, we model the original problem as a differential game-theoretic problem. By means of differential game theory, we derive a promising strategy-pair of the game-theoretic problem, accompanied with a few examples. Finally, we find that the promising strategy pair outperforms a large number of randomly generated strategy pairs in the sense of Nash equilibrium solution concept. Therefore, we recommend the two opinion-pushing strategies in the promising strategy pair to the two opinion creators, respectively. This article has potential applications in diverse areas such as misinformation restraint and competitive viral marketing.


Al has made substantial contributions toward understanding the peripheral auditory mechanisms underlying acoustic communication in frogs. Al was the first to demonstrate that the basilar papilla is innervated by high-frequency auditory nerve fibers, while the amphibian papilla gives rise to low- and mid-frequency fibers. Subsequent work from Al's lab showed that the tuning of these end organs changes during post-metamorphic development. Al developed a dorsal surgical approach to the auditory nerve, which allowed the coupling between the ears to be studied, and then demonstrated that both the monaural directivity patterns and the coupling between ears are frequency dependent. In a follow-up study, the coupling between ears was manipulated and it was concluded that the frog's ear functions as a combination pressure/pressure gradient receiver. In this talk, the frequency-dependent crosstalk between the ears first described by Al in 1980 is re-visited. The crosstalk function is analyzed using an acoustic mode...


In continuation of part I and II (Klin. Mbl. Augenheik. 169 [1976] 647, 774) of this essay deals with eye damage afflicting both eyes (caused by an accident or pre-existing lesion) regarding the approbiate disablement benefit. In these cases the degree of disablement should be set between 30 and 70%.


The aim of the work is to build a mathematical model of an arbitrary frequency oscillator. Free harmonic oscillations of any given frequency can occur in a monoreactive (m-m) harmonic oscillator. In this case, inert elements perform free sinusoidal oscillations, which are accompanied by the transformation of the kinetic energy of an inert element into the kinetic energy of another inert element.

Keywords:
pendulum, oscillations, energy exchange, monoreactive, phase, movement, speed, email@example.com


Academic research on employee participation has lost some of the radicalism and commitment to progressive practice that was evident through much of the 20th century, becoming more detached and coldly evaluative. While idealistic concerns are still apparent in the regular condemnation of inauthentic participation, the focus of scholarly activity is largely restricted to analysis and explanation, without following through to an explicit logic of practice. Recalling how value commitments influenced the work of earlier generations of theorist practitioners, this article aims to reinvigorate debate about role definitions and the scope of academic contributions. By engaging with recent, though rare, examples of practically focused output in the traditions of socio-technical systems thinking and critical management studies, it argues for a grounded idealism that anchors applied research to local rather than `top driven' insights and priorities.


This paper reviews the instability problem and the analysis method for the paralleled DC/DC converters. Based on the review, a new stability analysis method for average and master-slave current sharing schemes is proposed. The proposed method is simple and allows straightforward design of a current-sharing loop compensator. The parallel of identical or non-identical modules can also be analyzed by the proposed method. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis.


A squat is a type of fatigue defect caused by short-wavelength rotational contact; if squats are detected early, the maintenance cost of the track can be effectively reduced. In this paper, a method for the early detection of squats is presented based on ABA (axle box acceleration) and frequency signal processing techniques. To increase the measurement sensitivity for the squat, ABA was used to measure the longitudinal vibration. Compared to vertical ABA, longitudinal ABA does not include vibrations from rail fasteners and sleepers, so it is possible to effectively measure the vibration signal in relation to the impact of the rail. In this paper, vibration data were measured and analyzed by installing a 3-axis accelerometer on the wheel axle of the KTX; squat signals were more effectively extracted using the longitudinal vibration measurement presented above. The algorithm to detect the position of squats was developed based on wavelet spectrum analysis. This study was verified for the section of a domestic high-speed line, and as a result of conducting field verification for this section, squats were detected with a hit rate of about 88.2%. The main locations where the squats occurred were the rail welds and the joint section, and it was confirmed that unsupported sleepers occurred at locations where the squats occurred in some sections.


Three‐dimensional reconstructions of thin limbs of Henle's loops in rat renal inner medulla (IM) involving antibody to constitutive water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) have revealed that descending thin limbs (DTLs) of loops extending deeper than 1.0 mm express AQP1 for first 40% of their length, but fail to express it for remaining 60%. Ascending thin limbs (ATLs) and prebend segments do not express AQP1. Therefore, we examined water permeabilities in isolated perfused segments of DTLs from specific regions of IM and in ATLs. We perfused DTL segments from two IM regions: 1) final 2.0‐2.5 mm, where all DTLs lack AQP1, and 2) initial 2.5 mm. In initial 2.5 mm, we chose DTLs extending beyond first 1 mm because all of these should contain AQP1. DTLs from AQP1‐null region showed no osmotic water permeability (Pf = ‐292 ± 166 μm/s; mean ± SE; n=4). ATLs also showed no osmotic water permeability (Pf = 69 ± 69 μm/s; mean ± SE; n = 10). In contrast, DTL segments from initial 2.5 mm had mean osmotic water permeability of 1670 ± 169 μm/s (mean ± SE; n = 6). However, values for individual tubule segments varied from about 1200 to 2100 μm/s. Since there is no way to determine if segments perfused expressed AQP1 for their entire length, it seems likely that segments with lower values had regions that did not express AQP1. These data indicate that presence or absence of AQP1 assessed by immunocytochemistry accurately reflects differences in water permeability. DK16294


This paper reviews the evidence on incomplete bladder emptying in frail older adults. It argues the case for interpreting the clinical significance of postvoid residual urine in this group of individuals with caution and in context to avoid either under- or overtreatment.


The Full Wave Transmission Line Theory (FWTL) describes the propagation of high-frequency signals along conductors. It is represented in the modal and global representation. In the present paper we generalize the FWTL for an electrically thick wire, when besides the axial also the azimuthal component of the current and the proximity effect become important.


6 List of papers 7 List of abbreviations 8 Introduction 9 Treatment of femoral neck fractures 9 Bipolar arthroplasty 13 Periprosthetic fractures in hip fracture patients 14 Uncemented arthroplasties 15 Patients and Methods 17 Ethics 17 Age and gender 17 Study I 17 Study II 18 Study III 18 Study IV 19 Randomisation 19 Fracture classification 20 Anaesthesiological assessment and ASA classification 22 Cognitive function 22 EQ-5D 22 Charnley Score 23 Harris Hip Score 23 SMFA 24 Radiological assessment 25 Statistical methods 25 Results 26 Study I 26 Study II 31 Study III 38 Study IV 42 General Discussion 49 Conclusions 61 Implications for clinical practice and future research 62 Abstract in Swedish 64 Acknowledgements 65


This is a revised version of a paper presented by the author at the INDAS International Conference titled 'Actualities of Indian Economic Growth at Rural-Urban Crossroads', held during December 15–16, 2012, at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo.


The term,Computer Music,is new to both computer and music people.In the field of music,computer is a new pattern of expressional form of music,nowadays,computer music is gradually changing musicians'creative conception and thinking practice of the art of music.Modern multimedia,by means of computers,has been widely used in teaching.Through explaining the technology,advantages and functions of multimedia,the passage aims to tell us the combination of the traditional music teaching and modern multimedia teaching can not only improve the teaching quality but stimulate students' interest in music learning.Moreover,multimedia teaching can develop students' creativity,and further push forward the development of the quality education.


This article analyzes the essence of the content of the public institution, the processes of formation of the public institution in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its constitutional and legal basis from a socio-philosophical point of view. Theoretical views and an independent approach were also analyzed, as public control is a self-sustaining and self-regulatory institution, as well as a legitimate activity to ensure mutual order and stability in society based on legal norms.


Summary Four to 10 weeks following an initial infection with influenza A virus, ferrets were found to be immune to clinical reinfection with that same strain of virus but were susceptible to reinfection with a strain of virus which was antigenically related to but different from the strain used for the original infection.


The symmetry properties and the general overview of the superconductivity theory in the itinerant ferromagnets and in materials without space parity are presented. The basic notions of unconventional superconductivity are introduced in broad context of multiband superconductivity which is an inherent property of ferromagnetic metals or metals without centre of inversion.


This article presents National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) President Mike Acott's remarks at the 2003 Annual Convention concerning the history of hot mix asphalt developments over the past 15 years. Calling it an "asphalt revolution," he cites the industry's major leap from method specifications where the transportation agency designed and controlled the asphalt mix and the contractor applied it to the current practice of the industry being a partner in designing increasingly robust mixes to withstand the tougher needs of today's larger, heavier trucks and cars. The improvements were made possible by the aggressive combined research program of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, the Federal Highway Administration and the Transportation Research Board through the Strategic highway Research program (SHRP). In 1986 the National Center of Asphalt Technology was created and endowed with more than $10 million. In the early 1990s, three key publications were produced, a paving handbook, a textbook and the rubblizing guidelines. The 1990s saw immense growth in practitioner-oriented research and Superpave guidelines were formalized in the mid-1990s. Recently, NAPA has issued its new guide to hot mix asphalt pavements, with a CD-ROM; perpetual pavement is being studied; methods to make pavement quieter are being looked at, and in mid-2002, NAPA went on a study tour of Europe to learn more about warm-mix technologies.


This phenomenal anthology offers multiple perspectives on urban informality and its subtle links to environmental, economic, and social sustainability – from metropolitans to neighbourhoods, buildings and small public spaces. Sharing quite optimistic lenses without romanticising poverty, contributors of the book explore informality as an oppor-tunity rather than a problem, bringing together cutting-edge knowledge of informal architecture, urbanism and place-making practices. Going beyond the commonly acknowl-edged concept that simply considers informality as contumacy to the norm, codes and regulations defined by the mainstream society, the authors reconceptualise informality as a set of innovative citizen-led solutions to solve real and urgent world problems. These solutions are deep-rooted in local economic context, climatic conditions, available resources, culture, and beliefs. Informality is evidence of unprivileged individuals and communities helping themselves in an unequal society, asserting their rights to the city and claiming citizenship. Through 25 chapters, this edited book presents views of researchers and practitioners who care about the multifaceted phenomenon of urban informalities in both developing and developed global urban contexts. They argue that informal settlements are innovative living laboratories that are capable of generating new knowledge, contributing tested solutions to deal with climate change, thriving with limited resources, ensuring social justice and economic equality, and producing live-able cities.


Objective: To explore the blood serum homocysteine(Hcy) and correlation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism with prophase type 2 diabetes.Research the changing of Hcy level after treating with Tangweikang.Methods: Totally 65 type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients were enrolled in this study for determination of MTHFR gene polymorphism and plasma Hcy level.Results: The plasma Hcy levels of diabetic nephropathy patients were higher than normol,positive rate is 83.08%.After the treatment,Hcy level had signiicantly decreased(P0.01),positive rate is 44.62%.MTHFR C677T gene mutation were 44 cases,gene mutation rate is 67.69%.There is no diference in gene polymorphism before and after the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion: The allele T in MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism is related to the type 2 diabetes,and can be a susceptible gene for diabetic nephropathy.The supplementing qi and nourishing yin Chinese herbs can change the activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,so reduce the blood serum level of Hcy.


It has already been shown that the backward fiow mlnimization problem in facHities location planning can be formulated as the set covering problem (P),aspecial type of O −1 integer programming problem . However , the number of constraints in this foTmulatien grows exponentially with the size of the problem . Accordingly, this study propDses an optimization algorithm of (P)analogous to the so −called row generation scheme that requires no expiicit enurneration of constraints of (P)in advance . The method proposed here basicalIybelongs to a family of cutting plane methods , The proposed method seelng to be advantageous from the viewpoint of computational errDr because the cutting plane generated by the method can be determined without divisions .


The results of two kinds of perception test on the perceptual boundary ranges of quantity distinctions between Japanese and Finnish were compared. Test A was conducted based on the trichotomy concept, choosing one from short, long and uncertain. Test B, based on the dichotomy concept, was conducted by choosing either short or long, utilising the same test words. The materials were 120 discrimination test sets at the word level designed to study the perceptual boundaries of short/long quantitative distinctions of vowels/consonants. The bisyllabic synthetic nonsense words used had eight kinds of syllable structure and five different prosodic conditions with three kinds of pitch and intensity variance pattern only for the vowels. The phonemes were /, m, p, s/. Both tests, done under the same conditions, utilised the same number of Japanese and Finnish subjects (n = 7 x 2). The response number was 47,040, and the number of words to be analysed 3,360. The results showed significant differences within the segment and word between the two tests, the perceptual boundaries being shorter in Test B than in Test A for vowels and consonants. The standard deviations and variation ranges within the segment and word were also smaller in Test B than in Test A. There were no significant differences between the two languages in Test B. These findings may shed some light on the testing methodology in the perception tests.


Background. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with significant renal dysfunction is challenging because of the lesion characteristics and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). With the advent of intravascular ultrasound- (IVUS-) guided zero-contrast PCI, outcomes have improved considerably. Objective. To assess the safety and short-term outcomes of IVUS-guided zero-contrast PCI in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with complex demographics or lesion morphology. Methods. Patients who underwent IVUS-guided zero-contrast PCI at a tertiary center, from November 2019 to May 2020, were included in this prospective analysis. Clinical characteristics, procedural data, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results. A total of 15 patients (27 vessels), all men (mean age, 70.0 ± 11.0 years), underwent zero-contrast PCI. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine were 30.8 ± 7.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 2.6 ± 1.3 mg/dL, respectively. The mean BMC2 risk for dialysis was 2.1 ± 1.1%, mean SYNTAX score was 20.3 ± 10.3, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 42.4 ± 11.6%. Four patients (26.6%) underwent left main coronary artery (LMCA) PCI including one LMCA bifurcation. One patient underwent chronic total occlusion PCI. Technical and procedural success were 100% without any periprocedural complications. No major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were reported, and no patient required dialysis within three months of follow-up. Conclusion. Zero-contrast PCI guided by IVUS is safe in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. High procedural success without complications can be achieved even in cases with complex clinical characteristics and lesion morphology.


Oil palm crops are essential for ensuring sustainable edible oil production, in which production is highly dependent on fertilizer applications. Using Landsat-8 imageries, the feasibility of macronutrient level classification with Machine Learning (ML) was studied. Variable rates of compost and inorganic fertilizer were applied to experimental plots and the following nutrients were studied: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). By applying image filters, separability metrics, vegetation indices (VI) and feature selection, spectral features for each plot were acquired and used with ML models to classify macronutrient levels of palm stands from chemical foliar analysis of their 17th frond. The models were calibrated and validated with 30 repetitions, with the best mean overall accuracy reported for N and K at 79.7 ± 4.3% and 76.6 ± 4.1% respectively, while accuracies for P, Mg and Ca could not be accurately classified due to the limitations of the dataset used. The study highlighted the effectiveness of separability metrics in quantifying class separability, the importance of indices for N and K level classification, and the effects of filter and feature selection on model performance, as well as concluding RF or SVM models for excessive N and K level detection. Future improvements should focus on further model validation and the use of higher-resolution imaging.


Abstract To optimise the composition of magnetic materials applied in the fabrication of ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) devices and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), the magnetic performance and anticorrosion property of cobalt based magnetic films (CoWP, CoPtP and CoMoP) were investigated using vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and electrochemical technologies (potentiodynamic polarisation curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Results indicate that CoWP has a small coercivity (592·73 Oe) and large saturation magnetisation value (144·20 emu.g−1); while CoPtP and CoMoP films are hard magnetic materials with coercivity of 1786·57 and 2745·20 Oe, saturation magnetisation value of 91·72 and 120·74 emu.g−1 respectively. Electrochemical measurements reveal the order of corrosion resistance in 3·5%NaCl solution was CoPtP film>CoWP film>CoMoP film. In the fabrication of ULSI devices and MEMS, CoPtP film was recommend to be one of the most suitable magnetic materials. CoPtP film was thick with finer grains (52–78 nm) and lower roughness (18·212 nm).


With the use of an induction cylinder in conjunction with an optical array probe, simultaneous measurements were obtained of the size, shape, and charge of hydrometeors in a New Mexico thunderstorm, The particles with detectable charges (greater than 1–3 pC) were primarily graupel particles, and their charges are generally consistent with laboratory measurements of ice-ice collisional charging. The fraction with detectable charge increases with size, as does the magnitude of the mean charge. Also, the positively charged particles occur primarily at higher temperatures (> −22°C), and the degree of negative charging increases with decreasing temperature (down to −35°C).


The chondrostean fishes of the family Acipenseridae are composed of four genera (Acipenser, Pseudoscaphirhynchus, Scaphirhynchus, and Huso) and almost 25 extant species in the marine and continental waters of the world (Birstein 1993, Nelson et al. 2006). The genus Acipenser is the most diverse taxon within the family, with 17 valid, extant species (Birstein 1993, Birstein and Bemis 1997), of which eight occur in waters of North America (Vladykov and Greeley 1963, Nelson et al. 2004). All species of chondrosteans face problems of conservation due to overfishing and destruction of habitat (Birstein and Bemis 1997), including those in North America (Jelks et al. 2008). Along the Pacific Coast of North America, the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and the green sturgeon (A. medirostris) reach their respective southernmost ranges in northwestern Baja California, Mexico (Love et al.1995, Rosales-Casian and AlmedaJauregui 2009). The white sturgeon is known to occur from Northern Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to Ensenada, Baja California (Hubbs 1967, Miller and Lea 1972). This anadromous chondrostean is commonly found in estuaries and the sea as deep as 122 First specimen of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836) in coastal waters of Mexico with data on its genetic identity


Informal cross-border activities is often viewed as a threat to national security and economic development of states due to the difficulties involved in ensuring that people and goods moving across state borders are adequately examined and properly checked. It is an indisputable fact to say that such position cannot be divorced from the realm of reality. However, it must be admitted that in many African states, particularly in West Africa, informal cross-border activities have demonstrated lots of relevance not only in the intertwining of cultures and people of the region but also in improving the economy of the border regions. This paper examines the nature and dynamics of different kinds of economic activities carried out between Illela and Birnin-N'konni communities of Nigeria and Niger Republic. It also evaluates the effects of such activities on border communities and their states at large. The study concluded that despite the short-comings of informal cross-border activities in the area, it is still relevant in cementing and integration of cultures as well as the economic development of the border area, their states and the West African region at large.


In 1976, Gelya Frank began writing about the life of Diane DeVries, a woman born with all the physical and mental equipment she would need to live in our society - except arms and legs. Frank was 28 years old, DeVries 26. This remarkable book - by turns moving, funny, and revelatory - records the relationship that developed between the women over the next twenty years. An empathic listener and participant in DeVries' life, and a scholar of the feminist and disability rights movements, Frank argues that Diane DeVries is a perfect example of an American woman coming of age in the second half of the twentieth century. By addressing the dynamics of power in ethnographic representation, Frank - anthropology's leading expert on life history and life story methods - lays the critical groundwork for a new genre, 'cultural biography'. Challenged to examine the cultural sources of her initial image of DeVries as limited and flawed, Frank discovers that DeVries is gutsy, buoyant, sexy - and definitely not a victim. While she analyzes the portrayal of women with disabilities in popular culture - from limbless circus performers to suicidal heroines on the TV news - Frank's encounters with DeVries lead her to come to terms with her own 'invisible disabilities' motivating the study. Drawing on anthropology, philosophy, psychoanalysis, narrative theory, law, and the history of medicine, "Venus on Wheels" is an intellectual tour de force.


Noxious cold and noxious heat have detrimental effects on key biological macromolecules and thus on the integrity of cells, tissues, and organisms. Thanks to the action of a subset of somatosensory neurons, mammals can swiftly detect noxiously cold or hot objects or environments. These temperature-sensitive nociceptor neurons become activated when the temperature at their free endings in the skin or mucosae reaches noxious levels, provoking acute pain and rapid avoidance reflexes. Whereas acute temperature-induced pain is essential to prevent or limit burn injury, pathological conditions such as inflammation or tissue injury can deregulate the thermal sensitivity of the somatosensory system, resulting in painful dysesthesias such as heat and cold hypersensitivity. In recent years, important advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the detection of painful heat or cold. These research efforts not only provided key insights into an evolutionary conserved biological alarm system, but also revealed new avenues for the development of novel therapies to treat various forms of persistent pain.


This paper demonstrates the use of model-based predictive control for energy storage systems to improve the dispatchability of wind power plants. Large-scale wind penetration increases the variability of power flow on the grid, thus increasing reserve requirements. Large energy storage systems collocated with wind farms can improve dispatchability of the wind plant by storing energy during generation over-the-schedule and sourcing energy during generation under-the-schedule, essentially providing on-site reserves. Model predictive control (MPC) provides a natural framework for this application. By utilizing an accurate energy storage system model, control actions can be planned in the context of system power and state-of-charge limitations. MPC also enables the inclusion of predicted wind farm performance over a near-term horizon that allows control actions to be planned in anticipation of fast changes, such as wind ramps. This paper demonstrates that model-based predictive control can improve system performance compared with a standard non-predictive, non-model-based control approach. It is also demonstrated that secondary objectives, such as reducing the rate of change of the wind plant output (i.e., ramps), can be considered and successfully implemented within the MPC framework. Specifically, it is shown that scheduling error can be reduced by 81%, reserve requirements can be improved by up to 37%, and the number of ramp events can be reduced by 74%.


Objective:To observe the protective effect of dachengqitang mixture,fufangdanshen mixture and combination of both mixtures on intestinal mucous membrane barrier.Methods:The incomplete intestinal obstruction model came from ligating 1/2 terminal ileum of rat as model.The change of concentration of histaminase in both serum and ileum tissue and pathology were observed.Results:① The concentration of histaminase in serum of model group was higher than that of the normal group(P0.01).The concentrations of hisfaminase in dachengqitang group and the combination group were lower than that in model group(P0.01).The effect of the combination group was better(P0.01).② The concentration of histaminase in intestinal tissue of model group was lower than that of the normal group(P0.01).The concentrations of hisfaminase in dachengqitang group,fufangdanshen group and the combination group were higher than that of model group(P0.01).The effect of the combination group was better(P0.01).③ The hurt of intestinal tissue in model group was terrible,but those in dachengqitang group,fufangdanshen group and combination group were decreased.Conclusion:Combination of dachengqitang mixture and fufangdanshen mixture have the synergetic protective effect of the intestinal barrier.


The environmental pollution caused by coal-fired mercury emission has received worldwide attention, because of hazards for human health. Its significant to monitor mercury emission accurately in flue gas for mercury pollution control. In this paper, a detailed description of a mercury continuous emission monitoring system (Hg CEMS) built for the detection of mercury in flue gas is presented. The key performance parameters of the Hg CEMS were discussed in detail. The Hg CEMS was installed in a power plant to monitor mercury emission in flue gas continuously. Results from a series of laboratory performance tests and field application prove that the Hg CEMS is reliable and capable for mercury detection in flue gas. The Hg CEMS can meet the requirement of mercury monitoring in China well.


A new net\|shape cathode sputtering target which has a simple structure and a high sputtering was put forward. The multiple\|structure of alloying and coating layers of tantalum was achieved on the surface of TC4 by double glow surface alloying process. The tantalized samples were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical corrosion method.


SUMMARY Goose is a poultry species modest in terms of breeding conditions that enters breeding relatively late. These birds are characterised by the lowest production of eggs during the season, lower fertility and lower degree of hatchability than any other species of poultry. The productive and reproductive abilities of geese are dependent on genetic and numerous non-genetic factors. The right choice of the genotype, adequate application of breeding technology and incubation of eggs, as well as thoroughly planned selection, can greatly improve the reproductive properties of geese. Selection of genotypes and selection work for their improvement should be in accordance with regional breeding conditions, which allow maximum expression of genetic potential and conservation of animal genetic resources.


In order to create a geospatial data infrastructure (GDI), it is necessary to solve complex organizational, legal and technological issues. Currently, there is a number of multi-purpose commercial GIS, the most common of which are ArcGIS (www.arcgis.com), MapInfo (www.mapinfo.ru), GIS Panorama, etc. These GIS can store, manage, publish maps and map layers of indefinite scale and complexity. They have powerful functionality; through their use one can solve almost any application tasks. However, the high cost of the GIS and the high level of qualifications required in the projects push many users to consider other options. We offer the efficient technology for GDI management by building an integrated domain object model in the form of appropriate classifiers and by developing spatial data storage and geo-portal on their basis. GDI in Russia has been created over almost ten years. [1] There are numerous external and internal reasons due to which the goal of building a global geospatial data infrastructure has not been reached on a nationwide scale up to the present moment. There are some infrastructures covering a particular industry or area, but They are usually autonomous and isolated. According to the conclusions of the UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management [2]: 1. The growing number of sensors in everyday devices which collect and provide geospatial information will increase and alter the dynamics of data collection. This will also increase the role of geospatial data, both active and passive, creation and collection by citizens. 2. Free and open access to data will become a standard and geospatial information will increasingly be seen as an essential public good. 3. Monopolies held by National Mapping Agencies in some areas of specialized geospatial data will be eroded completely.


Abstract|Website Development Leasing Field Futsal Online Using PHP, MySQL Mochamad Ha d Yudazar Undergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Futsal eld rental, online, PHP, MySQL. ABSTRACT : On writing this scienti c writer make a web site leasing futsal elds online they use and mysql. Conducted through the development of the site of several stages , step is planning a web site structure such as the navigation , the design of view , a di- agram of the entity making the relationship and continued with the site the rental futsal online . The results of tests showed that all features in rental web site futsal elds online can run as expected Penamaan File: 11107097


Monitoring Human Rights in Latin America with the Assistance of Statistical Information Human rights understood as the right to life became a major public issue in Latin America during the Military dictatorships that proliferated throughout Latin America from the 1960's until the mid 1980's. Monitoring and denouncing gross human rights violations were some of the main task carried out by non-governmental organisations. The main grievance was for the return of the Rule of the Law, which was expected to mean to guarantee not only access to positive rights but also the protection from further violence perpetrated by the State. The return to democracy did not ensure those gross human rights violations disappeared nor greater implementation of economic and social rights. The agenda of human rights groups grew as the connections and indivisibility of human rights became clear, as the did the awareness about the consequences to people's lives of the lack of fulfilment of such rights. International reports that presented comparative balances became a very important tool for human rights activists and scholars to monitor the progresses as well as the losses in terms of social economic and political rights. The United Nations Human Development Report played is one such key role instrument to government and concerned citizens alike. It has brought awareness about the interdependency of rights and about the need to have reliable data that is regularly accessible. At the local level data from the Census Bureau have acquired a major role to public opinion as the media learned to use the information provided as means to pressure public officials to account for public policies. This new awareness about the key role of information does not mean that the provision of good quality data has become universally available. On the contrary, both scholars and human rights activists are still faced with the challenge to find and sometimes have to generate themselves information that should be routinely provided by government officials. The criminal justice system is one of the most seriously affected areas by the lack of information. Monitoring gross human rights violations remains a critical challenge to human rights scholars and activists as do the monitoring of rights of special groups in the population in particular that of the most vulnerable groups: women, children, racial/ethnic groups, indigenous groups, amongst others. The paper discusses this continued challenge and the means to circumvent it developed by organised groups and by scholars in order to monitor progress or deterioration and to pressure officials into fulfilling their roles as purveyors.


A new space-marching technique is developed and shown to be robust and efficient for both internal and external flows. The new marching technique solves the coupled governing equations at two adjacent streamwise locations simultaneously, and the streamwise pressure gradient is discretized with central-differencing instead of the more usual forward-differencing in the marching direction. The governing equations are solved by marching either in the main flow direction or in the reverse direction, with 'departure-free' solutions.


Summary This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors associated with alcohol abuse among women and men in Moshi in northern Tanzania. Alcohol abuse was measured by a CAGE score of 2–4, versus 0–1 for no alcohol abuse (Ewing, 1984). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models determined odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of alcohol abuse by characteristics of, respectively, women with partners (n=1200), women without partners (n=614) and men (n=788) (women's partners). Prevalence of alcohol abuse was 7·0% (95% CI: 5·6–8·4) among women with partners, 9·3% (95% CI: 7·0–11·6) among women without partners, and more than double among men at 22·8% (95% CI: 19·9–25·8). In general, Christians had higher alcohol abuse than Muslims or other religions, as did Chagga men compared with men of other ethnic groups. Other socio-demographic characteristics, such as education or income, were not significant. Sexual behaviours were significant predictors of alcohol abuse. For example, women without partners who reported more than two partners in the last year had higher alcohol abuse compared with women reporting no partners (OR=8·75; 95% CI: 2·37–32·31), as did men reporting it is 'OK to hit a partner' for any reason (OR=1·79; 95% CI: 1·16–2·77) compared with men who did not. HIV-1 infection was not significantly associated with alcohol abuse by women or men. The Christian Church in Moshi should consider raising awareness about the harmful effects of high alcohol use among its adherents. Comprehensive programmes focusing on reducing number of partners and alcohol use, particularly by men, are needed in this community.


A method for determing the assay of 6-Amino pencillanic acid by HPLC is developed.Acceptable mobile phase components,pH value,flowrate,sample concentration and column speification is chosed by adusting chromatography condition.The method is rapid,accurate and high sensitivity than general iodine-titrate methods.


1~4 m bolt welded steel girders were used in Chongxiante Bridge of the diphase lines of Huanhang railway,Which spans Chongxian Trestle over the circling-city highway in the north of Hangzhou.Two temporary piers were built on both sides of the trestle while the spanning and constructing of the steel girdles were done.Meanwhile 8 slotwares were used to construct the temporary piers in the space of 70 cm segmentation belt in the middle of the trestle.In the context of not adding front guide girdles,the steel girdles were pulled reversely.As a result,the spanning and construction of the steel girdles were finished successfully.


Recent studies of obstacle avoidance under the Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) framework are limited on the dotted obstacles. A novel obstacle avoidance algorithm based on DMPs is proposed for shaped obstacle avoidance. By combining the steering behavior method and the potential field method with the evaluation of Euclidean distance, while absorbing the switching strategy, this new algorithm performs well in mimicking the learned DMPs trajectory and handles the fluctuations occur in the initial stage of motion. The simulations of 2D DMPs trajectory learning of one-obstacle avoidance and multi-obstacle avoidance show that the algorithm is feasible with figurate obstacles, and acquires great conformability with the learned trajectory and smoothness.


Levels up to 3 Mev excitation in Cr/sup 51/ are given and a partial disintegration scheme is obtained. The excitation functions of gamma rays show a resonant structure. The mean level spacing of Cr/sup 52/ at 14.8 Mev excitation is found to be about 1 kev. Total V/sup 51/(p,n)Cr/sup 51/ cross section determination at 4.26 Mev proton energy gives 220 plus or minus 30 mb. (auth)


Objective To improve the teaching effect, problem-based learning (PBL)was developed and evaluated for interns of internal medicine. Methods Fifty-nine eight-year program medical interns were divided into PBL group and non-PBL group. Six-week practice on two PBL cases was carried out for PBL group. Questionnaires were designed to investigate the self-evaluation of the interns of PBL group before and after PBL, the opinions on the PBL teaching, the tutors, and views of the tutors on the interns.Practice scores of the two groups were compared. Results PBL was welcomed by the interns. The interns enjoyed self-study and cooperation, and they prepared for and participated in the PBL teaching actively.They were satisfied with PBL teaching. PBL was helpful to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, understanding on therapy. The tutors thought that the students' ability of clinical reasoning needed to be improved. There was no significant difference on practice scores between the two groups. Conclusions The interns were satisfied with PBL. Raising proper clinical questions, cultivating the students' clinical thinking and improving the students' comprehension on diseases might be the emphases during PBL teaching.

Key words:
Problem-based learning; Internal medicine; Practice teaching


This study examined 120 infants, aged 3–12 weeks, with severe colics and compared the results of a specific hypoallergenic diet (group A) with those of pharmacological treatment (group B). Non‐breastfed group A infants received soy milk and if unresponsive, hydrolyzed milk formulas; mothers of breast‐fed infants received a diet without cow's milk, eggs or fish. Breast‐fed and non‐breast‐fed group B infants received dicyclomine hydrochloride 3 mg/kg/day. Results, based on quantitative measurements of crying. indicated that in breast‐fed infants there was no significant improvement between group A (62.5%) and group B (66.6%) infants. Among formula‐fed infants, comparison of positive results using soy milk (65.9%) with positive results using dicyclomine (53.3%) was not significant; positive results using soy milk and hydrolyzed milk formulas in non‐responders to soy milk, provided an improvement in 95.4% of cases. Pharmacological treatment provided an improvement in 53.3%) of cases. The diffcrence was significant (p<0.01).


The performance of duplex underwater optical wireless communication systems are limited by back-scattering of the transmitted light. This paper introduces a novel underwater wireless link design using hybrid optical/acoustic as a method to overcome it. The design comprises of highly directive, high-bandwidth optical uplinks from submersed AUVs or divers to a base station and a low bandwidth, wide-angle downlink. The limiting performance factors for the acoustic and optical aspects were found through respective channel modelling and SNRs; the maximum bitrate of the hybrid link is greater than a traditional acoustic link by a factor of 150. Main issues such as susceptibility to natural ocean variation, optical misalignment and acoustic latency are discussed.


In this study, zoogeography and endemism of land and freshwater snails of Lakes Region, the richest inland water reservoir in Turkey, were evaluated. 40 species and subspecies from 21 genera and 10 families of the subclass Prosobranchia have been recorded in the Lakes Region (27 being endemic to Anatolia), also 24 species belonging to 14 genera and 4 families of the subclass Pulmonata have been recorded (2 out of 4 Anatolian endemics also present). Of 705 land snail taxa recorded so far in Turkey, 122 taxa, 53 being endemics, are also found to occur in Lakes Region. Zoogeographic characteristics of the area were discussed depending on the distribution of the gastropod species in the lakes.


This study aims to clarify the characteristics of pedestrian space use patterns according to land use by analyzing the correlation between pedestrian network and pedestrian volume in downtown Seoul. The study method is as follows: first, the present condition of the land was investigated; second, a pedestrian network was created using space syntax and pedestrian volume examined; and third, the correlation between pedestrian volume and pedestrian network according to land use was analyzed. The results indicated that the correlation between pedestrian volume and spatial network in residential areas was very low (R^=0.07), while there was a close relationship between pedestrian volume and spatial network in business areas (R^=0.872). With respect to the commercial areas, the pedestrian volume characteristic of the entire commercial area surrounding Namdaemun Market and that of Namdaemun Market itself were different: where the correlation between pedestrian volume and spatial network was high (R^=0.694) in the commercial area excluding Namdaemun Market, but became low when the market was included. As the results show, there was a very close correlation when it was broken down and analyzed according to the type of land use, which signifies that correlation between pedestrian network and pedestrian volume differ according to land use. The study results also suggest that when planning for pedestrian space, business and commerce areas need a plan that puts more emphasis on spatial network over comfort of pedestrian environment, and in case of residential areas, comfort of pedestrian walkways are more important than spatial network.