This study examined the comparative effects of demonstration and brainstorming methods on students' performance in agricultural science in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Pre-test post-test quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 12770 SSII agricultural science students during 2017/2018 academic session in Zamfara State. A sample of 80 students (40 males and 40 females) was used as an intact class. Data was collected using a multiple-choice test consisting of 30-items developed by the researchers. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics in form of mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test analysis. The study results indicated that, there is no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female agricultural science students using demonstration method. But male students performed significantly better than their female counterparts in brainstorming method. Yet, both groups of the students significantly did better in demonstration method than in brainstorming method. The study recommends among others that, agricultural science teachers should always make use of demonstration in teaching agricultural science while governments through ministries of education should provide schools with necessary facilities needed for effective demonstration.


Among the most important challenges towards the digitisation of agriculture is the high cost of technical equipment and the lack of smart farming systems' capability to interoperate. This paper presents the gaiasenseTM solution which follows an innovative approach in offering smart-farming services as an inexpensive service with zero technological related investment for farmers. In addition, the concept of the "Data Interoperability Zone" is introduced along with the "Information Management Adapter" aiming to facilitate data interoperability for smart-farming systems.


The problem of time-optimal tracking control of single input-output linear discrete systems is presented in this paper. And a theorem is proved for it. An approach for canstructing the rule of time-optimal tracking control is introduced.


Color is an important aspect of human life. Textile industries are the major consumers of dye stuffs. During coloration process, 10 to 15 percent of the dyes will be lost and this will be discharged with the effluents coming from textile industries. These are very difficult to degrade and they may degrade to form products that are highly toxic to human. Today, methods such as coagulation, flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, etc. are available for the removal of dyes. These are all quite expensive and difficult to degrade. Chitosan is a natural hetero polymer derived from chitin. Chitosan has proved to be effective in removing hazardous compounds from environment due to its multiple functional groups. It is available as flakes and powder. In the present work, chitosan beads were prepared and modified with a cationic surfactant CTAB for the removal of dye Congo Red. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of CTAB concentration, contact time, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and pH. Batch equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Bach kinetic data were analyzed using Pseudo first order kinetic model and pseudo second order kinetic model.


Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a serious complication with a poor prognosis. Secondary CNS involvements in DLBCL are divided into 2 types as follows: CNS involvement at the time of systemic relapse or progression, and isolated CNS relapse despite systemic remission. The frequency of secondary CNS involvement is reported as variable from 4% to 27% in patients with DLBCL who did not receive CNS prophylaxis. However, there is no clear consensus as to the subset of DLBCL benefits from CNS-directed preventive therapy. Furthermore, there is no general agreement on the intensity and type of therapy against secondary CNS involvement. Thus, we analyzed the clinical features and treatment outcomes of secondary CNS involvement in patients with DLBCL. Patients and methods: We analyzed 59 patients who diagnosed with DLBCL and had secondary CNS involvement. Secondary CNS involvement was defined as a brain parenchyma lesion or leptomeningeal involvement or combined during the follow-up or during the treatment. Results: 35 patients were initially treated with CHOP or CHOP-like regimens, and 24 patients with rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP). The median age of the patients was 54 years old (range 17–77). 37 patients (62.7%) were presented as advanced stage (7 patients with stage III, 30 patients with stage IV), and 40 patients showed elevated serum LDH. Thus, 27 patients belonged to the high-intermediate or high risk of international prognostic index (IPI). The pattern of CNS involvement was as follows: 21 had lesions of brain parenchyma, 30 leptomeningeal involvements, and 8 combined lesions. There was no clinical variable predicting a pattern of CNS involvement. We dichotomized the patients based on the onset of CNS involvement: early CNS involvement occurred within one year from diagnosis (Early CNS group, 42 patients) and delayed CNS involvement after one year (Delayed CNS group, 17 patients). The early CNS group had more advanced stage of patients (26 patients with stage IV) than delayed CNS group (4 patients with stage IV). The presence of bone marrow invasion was also significantly associated with early CNS involvement: 18 patients in early CNS involvement and 1 patient in delayed CNS involvement. In addition, high or high-intermediate risk of IPI was related with early CNS involvement (P Conclusions: Patients with advanced stage, high or high-intermediate risk of IPI, and the presence of bone marrow invasion might have a high risk of secondary CNS involvement even during the active treatment. Thus, CNS prophylaxis should be considered. However, further prospective study should be warranted to determine the intensity and type of treatment against secondary CNS involvement in DLBCL.


We isolated 872 strains of mumps virus from naso‐pharyngeal secretions in seven different districts of Japan from January 2000 to July 2001. Among them, 57 strains were geno‐typed by nucleotide sequencing in part of the hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) and small hydrophobic (SH) protein regions. Four different genotypes (B, G, K, and L) of mumps virus were co‐circulating in Japan and the distribution of genotypes varied in geographically different districts. Two new clusters designated as genotypes K and L had more than 7% nucleotide variation in the SH gene. Among the 57 strains, 11 were classified as B, 35 as G, three as K, and eight as L, which was mainly isolated in Tokyo. We also examined 104 stains isolated in a clinic in Mie prefecture from 1993 to 2003. Genotype B was the indigenous strain and genotype K was introduced in 1994. Genotypes B and K co‐circulated in the 1990s and were replaced by genotype G in 2000. There was no significant change in neutralizing test antibody titers against genotypes B, G, K, and L using seven post‐vaccination sera with Hoshino strain (genotype B) and these four genotypes had a different antigenicity from genotype A. We should continue to watch on mumps virus molecular epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 73:97–104, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The present invention provides a manufacturing method of the battery pack and the battery pack. The present invention is formed of a high-strength laminate sheet battery pack of the electrode assembly is installed on at least one side of the casing and the casing is housed a support plate which forms an inner space in which the electrode assembly is accommodated and, for producing an electrode assembly step; Preparing a container having a space that can be adhered to a solid support plate to accommodate the electrode assembly in at least a portion of the exterior packaging material as the packaging material made of a high-strength laminate sheet, and; The step of storing the electrode assembly into the container formed by the casing and the support plate and; It provides a method for producing a battery pack comprising the step of electrically connecting the electrode assembly and the terminal assembly. High-strength laminate sheet, the support plate, the terminal assembly


The detrital composition and the authigenic alterations formed during diagenesis of three sandstone types are related to their mechanical properties. Sandstone samples originating from three studied quarries in Bebertal (Saxony-Anhalt), Cornberg (N Hesse), and Bowscar (NW England) were prepared to cylinders for geotechnical standard tests (rock density, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young's modulus, strain at failure). Corresponding thin-section across the bedding plane (stained in blue epoxy resin, thickness of 30 µm) were analyzed by optical microscopy, point-counting (300 counts), and clay mineral coverage analyses after Busch et al. (2017) and Monsees et al. (2020).
First results show UCS from 46-62 MPa. Strain at failure ranging from 0.55-0.77% correlates with bulk densities (2.20-2.35 g/cm³). The sandstones were classified as lithic arkoses to litharenites (Bebertal), sublitharenites to quartzarenites (Cornberg), and subarkoses to quartzarenites (Bowscar). The preservation of optical porosity is mostly dependent on the intensity of compaction quantified by the compaction index (Lundegard, 1992), whereas chemical compaction is controlled by the abundance of clay mineral coatings on detrital grain contacts.
Samples with higher clay contents (2-14%) negatively correlate with UCS, while samples with higher amounts of quartz (grains and cements) and rigid rock fragments (63-79%) positively correlate with UCS and Young's modulus. Higher bulk densities were observed with lower optical porosities (r²=0.85), while higher clay mineral coverages on detrital grain contacts correlated with higher densities (r²=0.60), driving chemical compaction. Furthermore, higher strain at failure positively correlated with higher clay mineral coverages and compaction indices, while showing a negative correlation with optical porosity. The relationship between geotechnical results and petrography is interpreted as an interplay between initial detrital composition demonstrated by the impact of clay and rigid components on UCS and Young's modulus, while the impact of diagenesis is demonstrated by the clay-mineral controlled compactional behavior and resulting reduction in porosity, which in return can be linked to higher Young's modulus and strain at failure. These results enhance the understanding of the coupling between mineralogy and geomechanics, and highlight the impact of diagenesis on geomechanical behavior. One possible applications would be the use as input parameters for geo-modelling in reservoir applications.


The present invention can obtain the variation of load and temperature by using spectrum analyser to measure variation of grating transmission spectrum to obtain variation of resonant wavelength and amplitude value at long period optical fibre grating based on the characteristic that the resonant wavelength of long period optical fibre grating written in with high-frequency CO2 laser pulse is notsensitive to cross direction load and resonant peak amplitude value is not sensitive to temperature, but the wavelength is varied in linear as following with temperature and peak amplitude value is with load. To stick or bury it at engineering structure, as its wavelength is faced to load.


What is on-campus suspension, and how does it work? The authors explain as they describe the program that operates successfully at their school.


Background. The p53 gene frequently is affected by point mutations, rearrangements, or deletions that contribute to the genesis or progression of a wide variety of human adult solid tumors; however, to the authors' knowledge, this gene alteration has not been analyzed in neuroblastoma.


: Mantle Hood's notion of bi-musicality coined on the model of bilingual, applied to people able to play music from two different cultures. This notion is still used and discussed today although it is redefined in the era of globalization and postcolonial issues where cultural boundaries tend to become blurred. Artificial intelligence could bring new developments in this area with artificial crativity and machine learning being some kind of extensions of human musicality and the learning to play musical instruments. This paper explores such ideas with a case study on the analysis of marovany zither music. This traditional zither from Madagascar is played during trance rituals for very long periods of time. In order to make transcriptions of these long pieces, we have designed sensors adapted to the instrument with the goal of collecting MIDI date from the playing of Malagasy musicians. These data are then processed by a computer program devoted to music improvisation which is able to play in the style of these native musicians. The outputs of the program are good enough to allow duets between a musician and the computer. Musicians reacting to the outputs of the machine can shed new light on the analysis of their repertoires. By refining the generation parameters, we can hope to get closer to an optimal characterization of the music studied.


Abstract We study the discriminants of the minimal polynomials
$\mathcal {P}_n$
 of the Ramanujan
$t_n$
 class invariants, which are defined for positive
$n\equiv 11\pmod {24}$
 . We show that
$\Delta (\mathcal {P}_n)$
 divides
$\Delta (H_n)$
 , where
$H_n$
 is the ring class polynomial, with quotient a perfect square and determine the sign of
$\Delta (\mathcal {P}_n)$
 based on the ideal class group structure of the order of discriminant
$-n$
 . We also show that the discriminant of the number field generated by
$j({(-1+\sqrt {-n})}/{2})$
 , where j is the j-invariant, divides
$\Delta (\mathcal {P}_n)$
 . Moreover, using Ye's computation of
$\log|\Delta(H_n)|$
 ['Revisiting the Gross–Zagier discriminant formula', Math. Nachr. 293 (2020), 1801–1826], we show that 3 never divides
$\Delta(H_n)$
 , and thus
$\Delta(\mathcal{P}_n)$
 , for all squarefree
$n\equiv11\pmod{24}$
 .


IN A geographical sense the Scandinavian countries have much in common with Canada. In culture and ideology their people are close kin to Canadians. At this moment in history we in Canada, and indeed people throughout the world, are involved in the throes of a technological revolution in the methods of practising medicine and a sociological revolution in the means by which the provision of medical care is financed. It would therefore seem timely and of some practical importance to examine the methods used by our Scandinavian confreres in meeting these problems. In May 1961, my wife and I spent a month in the Scandinavian countries. The following notes are set down as a medical tourist's impressions, and are subject to all the shortcomings of a transient visit to any country. This is not an "expert study" supported by a grant from an interested body. The value, if any, of these comments lies in the fact that they are the observations of an active practitioner who was viewing the problems and achievements of brother practitioners faced with many situations similar to his own. The Norwegian Health Care Plan has been developed by the people themselves to meet Norway's special problem of serving a scattered population with limited income; and it grew out of their tradition of using co-operative methods and the insurance principle in solving their community problems. It appears to have been superimposed on the traditional methods of medical and hospital practice which existed at the turn of the century. As in England, the plan has retained certain customs from that period. The people of Norway are most intelligent and well informed. They have an inherent sense of individual responsibility combined with a keen sense of community responsibility. They have a long tradition of solving their problems in an idealistic and at the same time a practical manner. As a result, they have a well-advanced health program in a country of limited means. Often the very people who have a marked "welfare state philosophy" are those who insist that the individual must assume some direct responsibility for each service. From this background the Norwegian people have developed a complex, overall, insurance method of financing. Furthermore, they maintain that local authority is necessary to make it work and keep it solvent. The intertwining of these developments, rather than a conscious attempt at integration, has produced a picture that at first is confusing to an outsider but which has been developed throughl use in a practical Scandinavian manner and it wvorks well. A visitor coming in contact with the Norwegian Health Care Plan for the first time will ,.t once inquire about how the program is controlled or administered. It is true that, at present, the direction of this development in Norway is dominated by an able man, perhaps an autocrat, Karl Evang. This international figure seems to be one exception to the old adage that a prophet has no honour in his own country. Even his critics concede him to be a great Norwegian. However, I think the actual backbone of the whole scheme is local initiative expressed through the local health insurance authority. In some respects this local structure resembles in its functions our municipal governments more than an insurance agency. In any event, the Local Health Insurance Authority seems to receive and dispense nearly all the health and welfare funds required to meet the cost of medical fees, unemployment insurance, old age pension funds, operating costs of hospitals, the hiring of and paying salaried physicians in hospitals, the public health nursing program and similar related activities. Besides these duties, the Authority collects the premiums and contributions due from the members of the community. Thus it appears that a high degree of local fiscal and administrative autonomy and local control of health matters is maintained. However, there seems to be some "equalization formula" to rela(te premiums and other costs to ability to pay in different parts of the country. The rate of contribution is set locally for each insured service such as medical and hospital benefits, unemployment insurance, pensions and other benefits, but some federal help is available for depressed areas. Yet even in these areas, the local citizens still control their own Insurance Association, and contributions are made through the local municipal body or Konmrune.* My impression is that there is some flexibility at least and an attempt is made to equalize costs in different areas. The hospitals are the media through which most modern facets of medical care are supplied, and Norway's medical and nursing care compares very favourably with North American standards. The


The investigation evaluated the nutritional effect of chufa tubers in the growth response of Cyprinus carpio. Chufa tuber was soaked in hot water to remove available phytotoxins, processed and stored in a cool dry place. It was substituted in five different diets at the rate of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% inclusion for maize formulated at 38% crude protein level. Each treatment was conducted in triplicate and fed twice daily at 5% body weight for ten weeks to 150 fingerlings of C. carpio. Among the different treatments, diet B (25% inclusion) was significantly different (p<0.05) and performed best in terms of survival rate, fish biomass (1127.7g), feed conversion ratio (0.40), protein efficiency ratio and maximum feed cost reduction of 7.15% higher than the basal diet (A). The study showed that diet B should be utilised for improved growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for profit maximization.


ABSTRACT Echinoderms have an extensive endoskeleton composed of magnesian calcite and occluded matrix proteins. As biomineralization in sea urchin larvae is sensitive to the Magnesium:Calcium ratio of seawater, we investigated the effects of magnesium deprivation on development and skeletogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. We focused on the localization of the skeletogenic cells (primary mesenchyme cells) and the spatial expression of associated genes. Embryos reared in Mg-free seawater exhibited developmental delay from 6-h post-fertilization and at 24 h embryos showed complete lack of biomineral formation. Larvae (48–72 h) exhibited severe skeleton malformations. Fluorescent labelling revealed that the primary mesenchyme cells and the developing skeleton of treated embryos were in an abnormal ectopic location. Expression of the skeleton matrix protein gene (msp130) in the primary mesenchyme cells as seen using in situ hybridization was normal at 24 h. At 48 h this gene was down-regulated in control larvae, but not in treated larvae. Development of the pigment cells, immune cells that, like the skeleton, are mesodermal derivatives, was also impaired. Our results highlight the essential role of Mg in skeleton formation in sea urchin embryos with an indication that this element is also generally important for the development of mesoderm. Abbreviations: hpf: hours post fertilization; PMCs: primary mesenchyme cells; ACC: amorphous calcium carbonate; MgFSW: magnesium-free seawater; FSW: filtered seawater Impact statement Echinoderms have an extensive endoskeleton composed of magnesian calcite We investigated the effects of magnesium deprivation on development and skeletogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula Magnesium deprivation caused developmental delay and skeleton malformations Primary mesenchyme cells of treated embryos were in an abnormal ectopic location The spatial and temporal expression profile of the skeleton matrix protein gene (msp130) was found to be different from controls Our results highlight the essential role of Mg across developmental processes in sea urchin embryos.


This paper presents a number of results about reuse in a real life project. . The project, called AEFTA, develops a factory automation application (a FMS cell controller) using commercially available tools: DEC BASEstar Open a shop-floor distributed system for application integration; and SYCO G++ an object-oriented environment with a large library of C++ classes (data structures, GUI building, concurrency and distribution) and a set of integrated CASE tools to support a smooth transition from analysis to design, implementation and distribution. The figures from reuse are very high but they have to be balanced with the effort for familiarizing with the class libraries and the required experience of the staff. The European Commission, DGIII/F funded, under contract ESSI 10070, the AEFTA project.


A recurring theme in mathematical software evaluation is the generalization of rankings of algorithms on test problems to build knowledge-based recommender systems for algorithm selection. A key issue is to <italic>profile</italic> algorithms in terms of the qualitative characteristics of benchmark problems. In this methodological note, we adapt a novel all-pairs algorithm for the profiling task; given performance rankings for <italic>m</italic> algorithms on <italic>n</italic> problem instances, each described with <italic>p</italic> features, identify a (minimal) subset of <italic>p</italic> that is useful for assessing the selective superiority of an algorithm over another, for all pairs of <italic>m</italic> algorithms. We show how techniques presented in the mathematical  software literature are inadequate for such profiling purposes. In conclusion, we also address various statistical issues underlying the effective application of this technique.


In 1998, the enterovirus (EV) infections outbreak in Taiwan caused 78 fatalities. Since then, EV infections have continuously posed a threat to the public. Among the 64 serotypes of enteroviruses known to infect human, the enterovirus 71(EV71) is suspected to be the major cause for severe cases. In this study, we estimate the recombination point of enterovirus 71 vp1 by using the method of Likelihood Analysis of Recombination in DNA. The datasets of enterovirus 71 DNA sequences are available in GenBank. After careful cross validation, eight candidate sequences are chosen to advance analysis, including 2734TAI98, TW227298, 1423SIN98 and other five DNA sequences as well. Then, the construction of the phylogeny trees (neighbor-joining trees will be used in this paper) would support for recombination in EV71 virus. In these two methods, the breakpoint was found to be in similar position, demonstrating that a single recombination event occurred prior to the divergence of these two strains.


This study was designed to fill our current knowledge gap in children's representation of romantic love. To this end, we used a drawing task: 127 children ages 6 to 10 were asked to draw a person and a person in love. Performing content analysis, we identified seven graphic indicators used by children to depict romantic love in their drawings. As expected, results exhibited age and gender differences. First, older children used a higher number of graphic indicators than younger children. The use of each type of indicator (except for one) varied with age. Second, girls used a higher number of graphic indicators than boys. These gender differences were specific to three graphic indicators. Results are discussed in terms of children's developing representation of romantic love and of the potential impact of their socio-cultural environment on this representation.


Six subjects scanned displays of random consonants for a single target which was (a) another consonant; (b) a given number; or (c) any number. A second group of six subjects took part in three comparable conditions with number displays, and letters or numbers as targets. Scanning time for a number in a letter display or a letter in a number display was more rapid than scanning for a target drawn from the same set as the background. Several unpractised subjects, and all the subjects who practised the task, were able to scan as fast through letters for "any number" as for a specific number, or conversely through digits. The finding of different scanning rates for two precisely physically specified targets, depending on which class they were drawn from, runs counter to an explanation of high-speed scanning in terms of the operation of visual feature analysers. It is suggested that familiar categorization responses may be immediate and may provide the basis for the discrimination of relevant from irrelevant items in rapid visual scanning.


Following the German occupation of the French capital city, an idea sprang up in the Polish intellectual circles to intensify propagation of Polish culture and knowledge of Poland among young Polish and French people. This concept was to be implemented in the Polish Library in Paris by a series of lectures organized by the Department of Science of the Polish YMCA1 in France in late 1944. The success of the lectures encouraged the Polish Library to launch the Polish College with the goal of making available to primarily Polish youth, studying and working in Paris, the achievements of Polish science and culture and to prepare the young people for work in Poland. The curriculum was developed and, as expected, the College's operations were financed by the YMCA. Wacław Grzybowski, Ph.D., a former ambassador of Poland to the USSR, was appointed director of the College. The lecturers included illustrious intellectuals: priest Augustyn Jakubisiak, Ph.D., Franciszek Pułaski, Zygmunt Dygat, Irena Gałęzowska, Wieńczysław d'Ercville and many other. The College enjoyed considerable popularity among the students. The changing political situation in Poland put a stop to the promising operations of the College. To some extent, it was continued in the Catholic University of Paris ( the Institut Catholique de Paris). Since 1945, the University hosted the Centre for Slavic Studies where the Polish Section (Section Polonaise) was established. It is worth emphasising that an ambitious attempt at establishing studies for young Poles abroad was made in Madrid, on the initiative of the Polish ambassador, count Józef Potocki, representing in Spain the Polish government in London.


In current U.S. deregulated wholesale electricity markets, an auction mechanism that minimizes the total bid cost is used to select bids and their output levels. Energy market clearing prices (MCPs) are derived from the shadow prices associated with the system demand constraints in an economic dispatch process with fixed unit commitment status. Therefore they do not reflect no-load and start-up costs, resulting in the uplift payments. To reduce such side payments and improve the market transparency, the "convex hull pricing model" is adopted, and "online capacity constraints" are introduced to the energy market, requiring the total online capacities to be greater than or equal to the system demand. With the associated multipliers serving as uniform "no-load clearing prices," the total uplift payment is proved to be reduced based on optimality conditions for multipliers. Numerical examples support the analytical results and shed insights on different types of uplift payments.


Introduction Screening of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women for hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia was suggested, because the undiagnosed hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia can aggravate the PCOS symptoms. Aim of the study To determine whether the insulin resistance (IR), hypothyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia are common endocrine disorders associated with the PCOS. Material and methods One hundred and twenty PCOS women were compared to 120 non-PCOS controls in this study. Participants' day 2-3 hormonal profile and insulin resistance (IR) using the fasting glucose and fasting insulin were evaluated. Collected data were analyzed to determine whether the IR, hypothyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia are common endocrine disorders associated with the PCOS. Results TSH and prolactin were significantly high in PCOS women (6.4 ±4.2 and 934 ±102.3, respectively) than controls (3.5 ±3.3 and 445 ±77.5 mIU/ml, respectively) (p = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). The PCOS women had significantly high relative risk of IR (RR 3.0 (95% CI: 1.9-4.7) p < 0.0001), hypothyroidism (RR 3.4; 95% CI: 1.7-6.9) (p = 0.0005), and hyperprolactinaemia (RR 3.15; 95% CI: 1.8-5.6) (p = 0.0001) than controls. The PCOS women had higher odds of IR (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 2.6-8.8) (p < 0.0001), hypothyroidism (OR 4.29; 95% CI: 1.9-9.4) (p = 0.0003), and hyperprolactinaemia (OR 4.27; 95% CI: 2.1-8.5) (p < 0.0001) than controls. Conclusions TSH and prolactin were significantly high in studied PCOS women, and 47.5% of the studied PCOS women had IR. The PCOS women had significantly higher odds and relative risks of IR, hypothyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia than controls. IR, hypothyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia are common endocrine disorders associated with PCOS.


Using a unique combination of ethnographic methods, healthcare facility chart reviews, and individual waterborne parasite tests, the health impacts of providing water treatment systems for communities in Uganda are compared to the impact measured using identical water technology and similar research methods in Honduras. While self-reported diarrhea rates improved in the Ugandan test communities when compared to controls, no significant impact was detected in any of the other measures. This contrasts sharply with findings in Honduras where all measures demonstrated statistically significant improvement after installation of identical water treatment systems. Ongoing ethnographic work reveals that knowledge of waterborne pathogens was universal in both Uganda and Honduras while practices related to water consumption varied greatly. Additional factors effecting these outcomes will be discussed.


Stated direction of the local regional market drugs (LP). The characteristics of a conceptual approach to local markets, taking into account the formation of pricing and analysis of Control at the regional level. The questions assess the potential of the region in the space LP system. The mechanism of the development of regional strategies with methods and instruments for the implementation of the LP on the materials of the Stavropol Territory.


Bundelkhand region of central India, a major drought affected area of the country is associated to high level of rural to urban migration. The present study was conducted to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the migrants and to examine the key factors triggering migration decision of agriculture practicing households. The region was facing drought for the fourth consecutive period which had left the population, mainly dependent on agricultural income, out of option than migration. The analysis of socio-economic profile of migrants showed that majority of the migrants were between the age group of 20-39 (70.1%) and the education level was secondary (54.8%). The population of female migrants was comparatively low, as many of them followed their family to the migrating place after marriage. Majority of the migrants (81.73%) were engaged in unskilled manual labour activities like construction works in destination cities. The various factors identified triggering migration decision were associated to livelihood security, climatic, agricultural, institutional and socio-cultural factors.


This essay addresses what we can call epistemology's Prime Evils. These are the three demons epistemologists have conjured that are the most troublesome and the most difficult to dispel: Descartes' classic demon; Lehrer and Cohen's New Evil Demon; and Schaffer's Debasing Demon. These demons threaten the epistemic statuses of our beliefs—in particular, the statuses of knowledge and justification—and they present challenges for our theories of these epistemic statuses. This paper explains the key features of these three central demons, highlights their family resemblances and differences, and attempts to show that a certain kind of internalist view of justification provides the resources to handle these demons well.


The question of possible limits of HVDC power supplied to an a.c. system is discussed on a general basis. This limit will be of interest, if a.c. systems are to be reinforced without increasing their short circuit capacity. The two important aspects, i.e. power frequency and harmonic phenomena are discussed in view of investigations on single HVDC converters published earlier by other authors. The results are extended to multiple infeed. It is shown that in contradiction to the general opinion at present, the short circuit ratio presents no limit to the rating of a single converter station, that for multiple infeed each station can be dealt with separately with regard to its rating and that increasing the number of inverter stations connected to the same system does not increase the danger of harmonic instability.


Start-up firms, which are by nature cash-constrained, often consider launching an immediately available product to generate funds for developing more advanced products. However, this release could have an adverse effect on the perception of the firm's future products. A key decision for the start-up firm in such an environment is: when should the first product be released? In this paper we consider the product development and introduction decisions for a start-up which has a product that is ready to launch and is also developing a more advanced product, whose launch readiness is uncertain. We model the tradeoff between the adverse effect of a first version on overall profitability and the valuable stream of revenue it generates for R&D funding. We characterize an optimal policy with cash thresholds to determine when the firm should launch the first version and whether it should continue development. We derive managerial insights by studying these cash thresholds under various technological and market scenarios. Our analysis underscores a fundamental difference between how a start-up and an established firm view commercialization: a start-up would delay the launch of a good first version longer while an established firm (without bankruptcy considerations) would accelerate its launch.


We present analytical results for the one-dimensional dispersion relation for high-gain FELs. Using kappa-n distributions, we obtain analytical relations between the dispersion relations for various order kappa distributions. Since an exact solution exists for the kappa-1 (Lorentzian) distribution, this provides some insight into the number of modes on the way to the Gaussian distribution.


In January 2011, the Food and Drug Administration lowered the approval age range for use of MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, to include persons aged 2 through 55 years. One other quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-D(Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur), is licensed in the United States for prevention of meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 among persons aged 2 through 55 years; MenACWY-D also is licensed as a 2-dose series for children aged 9 through 23 months. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that persons aged 2 through 55 years at increased risk for meningococcal disease and all adolescents aged 11 through 18 years be immunized with meningococcal conjugate vaccine. ACIP further recommended, in January 2011, that all adolescents receive a booster dose of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine at age 16 years. This report summarizes data supporting the extended age indication for MenACWY-CRM and the interchangeability of the two licensed meningococcal conjugate vaccines.


A fine domain flux net method is applied to the temperature analysis in mull system.A temperature distribution in the system is obtained similar with test results.It is significant to direct the mill system design and application.


Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of cervical cancer (CC). Human β‐herpesviruses (β‐HHVs) have been suggested as possible cofactors in the oncogenesis of CC. In this cross‐sectional study, the prevalence and possible association of cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV‐6 and ‐7 with HPV presence was investigated by quantitative real‐time PCR assays in cervical samples obtained from 208 italian women. The two most common high‐risk HPV types found were 31 and 16. Overall, the positive rates for CMV, HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 were 66%, 25%, and 6%, respectively. In particular, the prevalence of CMV was found to be extremely high irrespective of either the cytological category or HPV positivity. The prevalence of HHV‐6 DNA was significantly higher in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) respect to normal women (P < 0.017); by contrast, the prevalence HHV‐7 DNA was generally low and not associated with SIL. Copresence of CMV and HHV‐6 DNA was found to be significantly higher in patients with SIL respect to normal women (P < 0.05). No correlation was demonstrated between the viral load of all three β‐HHVs and the different cytological stages or with the HPV presence. A few patients with severe disease however showed very high viral loads which for HHV‐6 may be indicative of viral integration. In conclusion, this study suggests that CMV and HHV‐7 alone are probably not implicated in the oncogenesis of CC whilst HHV‐6 alone or together with CMV may contribute to the development of CC. J. Med. Virol. 80:147–153, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


There are Multicultural Families Support Center and the Social Integration program that provide Korean Language Education. The research of detailed contents of these programs shows the related government agencies implement competitively similar programs in an overlapping manner. In order to solve these problems the related government agencies signed memorandum of understanding in 2010. This paper refers to the current situation and related problems of the two government agencies in terms of curriculum, textbook, evaluation, teacher and also to make suggestions for solving problems. First of all, it is necessary to make a Korean Language curriculum for migrants, but it takes a long time and much effort. Therefore the agencies can accept temporary the criterion of TOPIK. Based on this criterion, we can later development the new curriculum.


Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a manifestation of body from multiple causes of weakened immune system, a developed internal allergic response to un-known allergens, hormonal factors, stress and other unknown factors. The present study was undertaken to determine the Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory property of Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotics against Col-lagen induced arthritis (CIA) in wistar rat. CIA (100μl) was induced intrader-mally at several sites on the back. A dose of L. acidophilus 2 x 108 CFU/ml was administered orally after induction of arthritis i.e. on 7th day. Dexame-thasone was given as standard drug in the dose of 0.3-3.0 mg/kg body weight. Paw thickness was measured and scored regularly. After sacrifice, blood was withdrawn for haematological, biochemical and serological analy-sis. Histopathology of liver, kidney and ovary was also performed. Oral ad-ministration of Lactobacillus significantly decreased the serum ceruloplasmin level. Beneficial effects such as increased adhesive property shown by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), increased haemoglobin content and RBC and decreased WBC counts were observed. High level of C' Reactive Protein was observed in arthritic control rats. However, L. acidophilus treatment significantly de-creased CRP level. Standard Drug also reduced the CRP level. Similarly Rheu-matoid factor was also decreased in LAB and standard drug group as com-pared to the control. In conclusion LAB has potent anti-arthritic property against and shown reduced level of RF and CRP in collagen induced arthritis in wistar rats.


MERCHÁN, HECTOR ALEJANDRO. Response to Tobacco Alkaloids and Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae). (Under the direction of Hannah J. Burrack and Fred Gould.) In this dissertation I analyzed different aspects about the relationship between the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and its control in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid. I focused on this system because imidacloprid targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in insects and this is the same target affected by the alkaloid nicotine, present in tobacco. This relationships offers very interesting possibilities in the study of evolution of pesticide tolerance or resistance and adaptation. Also, tobacco is a very important commodity for North Carolina and I was also interested in possible improvements to pest management practices that could come from our experiments and benefit stakeholders. For the first chapter I studied the effectiveness and longevity of imidacloprid under field conditions using bioassays with M. persicae. It is clear that the time period in which a systemic pesticide is effective under field conditions has wide implications for pest management. Pesticide concentration should be lethal when the pest attacks the crop but low when the crop is marketed. Our aim in this study was to determine the duration of insecticidal activity of systemic pesticides commonly used in tobacco, by measuring the levels of insect infestations on field plots, as well as the effect of the pesticide on reproduction and survival of a target pest in controlled bioassays. Plants were treated with different concentration of two systemic, neonicotinoid pesticides, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, planted and managed using standard agronomic techniques, except for insect control. I used the green peach aphid as the target pest (Myzus persicae, Sulzer), because it is a common pest in tobacco in the United States, and is readily reared under laboratory conditions. Our results show that the systemic pesticides used are very effective under field conditions against the green peach aphid for at least 13 weeks after transplant. Pesticides also affected the reproductive output of adult aphids and the survival of small nymphs in bioassays, but these results were not always statistically significant, and some aphids survived on pesticide-treated leaves. Our results also suggest that physical and chemical aspects of leaf maturation seem to affect survival in aphids. I showed that current management techniques using systemic neonicotinoid pesticides are very effective against the green peach aphid, but that pesticide longevity is less important for aphid management in the second half of the growing season. For the second chapter I analyzed how the systemic concentration of imidacloprid present within the leaves affect establishment and reproduction in Myzus persicae. One of our aims in these experiments was to understand how aphids are exposed to the insecticide. Imidacloprid is applied systemically and moves from the root to the leaves through the xylem. It appears that imidacloprid is the stored in the leaf and concentrations can increase with leaf age. Aphids, on the other hand, feed on the phloem sap, so it is not completely clear how they are exposed to imidacloprid. One possibility is that aphids are exposed through the cuticle, as trichomes in tobacco release small amounts of nicotine and other alkaloids in their exudates. To test this hypothesis I put a barrier between treated and untreated leaves and the aphid that prevented contact with the trichomes, but allowed feeding. I demonstrated that feeding is the most likely route of exposure. Another interesting aspect of imidacloprid is that it elicits a feeding deterrence response when present in low concentrations in the leaf. I tested if aphids are able to locate untreated plants in an environment where different concentrations of the insecticide are present. I developed bioassays with four, equidistant leaf discs. In one set of experiments, I tested the response when all discs had the same concentration of insecticide and in another set of experiments all four discs had different concentrations. I used behavioral observations from the no-choice experiments to predict the distribution of live adult aphids in the choice arenas. I found that a proportion of aphids are able to locate the untreated leaf and settle on it. I also found that the leaf disc with an intermediate concentration of insecticide shows higher levels of settled adults than expected, suggesting that aphids eventually stop responding to the insecticide and can feed on treated plants. I also analyzed the role of age and starvation in aphid establishment a found that aphids show signs of senescence and produce a lower number of nymphs when they are older. Low levels of starvation can induce a hormetic response that increases fecundity in Myzus persicae.Together these experiments allow us to improve our understanding of the colonization process of tobacco treated with imidacloprid. For the third chapter I tested levels of tolerance to imidacloprid in different matrilines collected from four research stations in North Carolina. I also compared the level of tolerance to nicotine and imidacloprid between aphid clones that feed on tobacco and clones that do not. I collected 12 lines in each of the four research stations and tested their level of tolerance to imidacloprid by measuring the fecundity of two adults exposed to leaves treated with different concentrations of imidacloprid. I also measured the survival of the nymphs the adults produced in the bioassays. I found evidence of higher tolerance on populations from Oxford and Clayton. I then tested 16 of those lines with more adults per assay and a larger number of insecticide concentrations and did not find any evidence of significant difference in tolerance between the different populations. I also compared adult responses to different concentrations of technical grade imidacloprid in an artificial diet. These experiments found a relatively higher level of tolerance to imidacloprid in adults from the Oxford populations, but I did not find that difference when looking at survival of the nymphs. Lastly, I compared levels of tolerance between two non-tobacco aphid clones and four tobacco clones. Our results suggest that there is a correlation between high tolerance to nicotine and high tolerance to imidacloprid. Tobacco aphids, which are adapted to nicotine, are able to tolerate higher levels of nicotine when compared to the non-tobacco clones. The results of these experiments show that there was not a high amount of variation in the levels of tolerance to imidacloprid in our sampled populations. While I did find some significant differences in tolerance in aphids coming from Oxford, the results were not consistent in all experiments. I believe that tobacco aphids are more likely to develop resistance to imidacloprid and they are already pre-adapted to tolerate some level of the insecticide. These results suggest that I need to keep monitoring for the possible evolution of resistance to imidacloprid in our tobacco fields. Response to Tobacco Alkaloids and Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae) by Hector Alejandro Merchán A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


The paper presents the systematic approach regarding the modeling and testing methods used for hand-arm system vibrations in the view of professional diseases prevention. It aims to evaluating preventive strategies to reduce worker exposures to hand-arm transmitted vibration and to decrease the occurrence of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) in workers. Special emphasis is given to preventive measures and to the transfer of knowledge from the research results to tool manufacturers, and occupational health physicians in fields related to medical, ergonomic, testing, engineering and legal aspects of HAVS. Due to the importance of the subject, the European Directive 2002/44/EC has been implemented into the national legislation of Member States.


III-V semiconductors are a profound part of the optoelectronics industry and new developments in alloy compositions and architectures are constantly emerging. Lowdimensional semiconductors, such as nanowires (NWs) have shown to have improved characteristics in certain areas such as enhanced light absorption and can furthermore be integrated on Silicon (Si) plattforms and are thus predicted to be a key component in future nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications and devices. InAs is an alloy exhibiting a very low bandgap giving it characeteristics such as low effective mass and ability to detect and emit light in the long-wavelength regime. Furthermore, when shrinking the size of the NW, quantum confinement occurs at an earlier stage in comparison to other alloys exhibiting larger bandgaps, which is a property useful to be able to tune the emitted wavelength in the NWs or as a future NW solar cell applications where the quantum confinement and splitting of bands can act as a photomultiplicator, creating high-efficient solar cells. In this thesis, NW growth using catalystfree site-selective area epitaxy (SAE) in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are performed and the growth aspects to achieve ultrathin InAs NWs are investigated. Electron-beam lithography (EBL) is used to open holes in a SiO2 on top of a silicon wafer wherein the wires nucleate and grow self-induced. The electron beam dose used as well as the distance between the exposed areas (pitch) was found to have a strong impact on the obtained size and yield of the NWs. By furthermore varying the growth time we show that the diameters of the NWs can effectively be tuned between <30nm to over 100nm to achieve wires in the desired dimensions with a high yield. These wires are then characterized in µ-Photoluminescence (µPL), where the diameter is correlated to the obtained PL emission and possible quantum confinement and other effects impacting the spectrum. (Less)


The advanced simulation technology with the rapid growth of computing power leads many new approaches towards design of robot systems. In the typical top-down design of a robot system, the design of the lower phase would be limited by the design from the higher phase. Moreover, it is difficult to well-design the higher phase in predicting problems of the lower phase. Such problems can be effectively improved in the simulation-based system design. All design phases can be done simultaneously with the suitable simulation environment where the hardware and software properties can be flexibly selected and changed. In this paper, a simulation-based design approach of an extraterrestrial six-legged robot (named SpaceClimber) is presented. The highlevel system properties such as fitness functions, energy-efficient morphology and intelligent locomotions are designed in the realtime simulation. The low-level system properties such as joint motor, robot kinematics and dynamical control properties are designed in the precise simulation based on ADAMS/VIEW and MATLAB/SIMULINK.


An attempt of synthesis of information concerning chosen stilbene derivatives has been made. These compounds show biological activity that is very important to the whole ecosystem. There are known such derivatives of stilbene that are characterized by a confirmed anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and fungistatic activity. Some of them have positive influences on the cardiovascular system. Some others have properties of liquid crystals and the ability of complexing. Stilbenes and their various derivatives are still arousing immense interest. High hopes are connected with the possibility of more and wider pharmacological use and curing different diseases.


Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.


Summary In the open literatura around the world, it has been very well established the benefits that produces the shot peening process. Nevertheless, this process is a task, in some of the cases, of the development of handcrafted and/ or dependent on the experience of the workman. One of the principal virtues of this process, is the strengthening of the surface and increase in the yield stress of the material. This strengthening or increase of the resistance in the material, owes to the induction of a residual stress field of compressive type. The induction of this type of effect is extremely beneficial for the component, since this operation does that the elements submitted to cyclical loads raise its fatigue resistance (crack propagation)on the surface and could have hereby a longer useful life, and in the order hand, the applied loads to these elements could raise considerably. In this article, it is presented a comparison of the obtained residual stress field by shot peening by two methods, by the analytical and the finite element method (FEM), in order to obtain a confinable method for the evaluation of residual stresses, which approaches in major measurement to the registered ones by the experimental procedure. The numerical analysis performed in this work, it was done by 2D simulation, considering quasi-static conditions and not accounting random shot in the shot peening process. Also it is present the results obtained in the effect that the ball size produced. Hereby, in a later analyses, it will be possible to do an evaluation of the best results obtained by means of the FEM, changing certain factors that throw the suitable conditions of the parameters in the experimental tests, reducing cost and time


Before the days of community-supported schools, parents were the primary reading teachers of their children. This was, of course, if the parents could read themselves. Once schools became established, parents generally relinquished the responsibility for teaching their children to read to the schools. Despite the fact that today most parents know how to read, too often they take a very inactive role in their children's reading development. PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN CHIDLREN'S READING READINESS DEVELOPMENT


All the patterns from the isotropic ESR spectrum to the anisotropic one of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) and related chelates are recorded by employing molten o-terphenyl as a solvent and by changing the temperature above and below the melting point. The results are qualitatively explained in terms of the anisotropic molecular motion and are considered to be evidence for the presence of clusters in the melt. Similar observations are made with some derivatives of 2,4,6-trinitrodiphenylamine, but only partially with m-terphenyl and the 3′-methoxy and 3′-ethoxy derivatives of 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine. The implications of the results concerning the structure of the melts are discussed.


The oil refining industry tax is an important composing part for national tax of Hubei province. It is propitious to grasp the development of our province tax and arrange public finance expenditure reasonably that we make typical analysis for economic tax source of Hubei refining oil industry and summarize its changing law and infection elements.


The present invention relates to an information service system and, more particularly, to an information service system using direct communication among vehicle-mounted devices, capable of establishing a machine-to-machine (M2M)-based intelligent transport system (ITS), providing information regarding a vehicle from a roadside device, collecting information from a vehicle, and transmitting and collecting information using direct communication among vehicles. The present invention provides an information service system using direct communication among vehicles, whereby information is provided to a vehicle-mounted device via a roadside device and transmitted using direct communication the among vehicle-mounted devices, information is collected from vehicle-mounted devices via a roadside device and provided to a server, and the vehicle-mounted devices are allocated a credit according to transmission and provision of information provided from the server and receive required information from the server using the credit.


DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND PERFORMANCE OF A RAPID CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PROXY FOR MEASURING INCOME POVERTY IN TANZANIA: EXPERIENCE FROM AMMP DEMOGRAPHIC SURVILLANCE SITES (Paper prepared for the "Asset Index Seminar" 26-28 March 2003, by DFID's Health Systems Resource Centre and the University of Southampton) By, Philip Setel, Savitri Abeyasekera, Patrick Ward, Yusuf Hemed, David Whiting, Robert Mswia, Manos Antoninis, and Henry Kitange for the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project and National Sentinel Surveillance System Teams


ABSTRACT The genetic basis of pheromone titre in the pink bollworm moth, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was examined through artificial selection for females that produce greater amounts of the sex pheromone [a mixture of (Z, E)‐ and (Z, Z)‐7,11 ‐hexadecadieny 1 acetates]. Mean (±SD) pheromone titre increased by 91%, from 24.0±8.1 to 45.8±7.9 ng per female, in six generations of selection. No change in component ratio was observed within the selected line. The duration of male wing fanning, measured in a still‐air bioassay, did not change in the female‐selected line.


Device-free human presence (DFHP) detection is a technique in which a human does not need to carry any form of wireless transceiver to be detected. The technique is mainly applicable to `RF sensor network' which refers to a wireless network that is the sensor itself, using radio frequency (RF) signals to probe the environment. The human presence detection method explained in this paper can be easily incorporated into low processing power devices, in order to quantify the presence or absence of a human subject from the received signal strength indicator's (RSSI) data. The verification results confirm higher accuracy of the proposed method compared to the most widely used presence detection technology, such as passive infrared. The method improves interactions in smart homes, by enabling high level of sensorial intelligence and very low installation costs.


The bound states of ${}^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ have been calculated by using the Argonne ${v}_{18}$ plus the Urbana IX three-nucleon potential. The isospin $T=3/2$ state have been included in the calculations as well as the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ mass difference. The ${}^{3}\mathrm{H}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ mass difference has been evaluated through the charge-dependent terms explicitly included in the two-body potential. The calculations have been performed using two different methods: the solution of the Faddeev equations in momentum space and the expansion on the correlated hyperspherical harmonic basis. The results are in agreement within $0.1%$ and can be used as benchmark tests. Results for the charge-dependent\char21{}Bonn interaction in conjunction with the Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force are also presented. It is shown that the ${}^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ binding energy difference can be predicted model independently.


The global community has increasingly recognized the contribution of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in reducing maternal and child mortality in the hardest to reach communities with lowest access to health care. Over the last two years the government of Ghana has been working closely with the One Million Community Health Workers (1mCHW) Campaign to develop Ghana's CHW Roadmap and Implementation Guidelines. The Roadmap is a strategic financial and operational plan for implementing CHW program at scale to address the changing health needs of the Ghana population and harmonize donors and NGO investments in CHWs. So when the Ghana Ministry of Health (MOH) and 1mCHW Campaign Secretariat approached World Vision and invited us to support the MOH to design a state-of-the-art CHW training program we were delighted. Firstly it was a chance for WV Ghana to engage and support a national program which could then roll out to our project sites and other hard to reach communities. Secondly and perhaps most excitingly it was a chance to challenge ourselves to bring together many health nutrition and child development / protections innovations and combine them in a comprehensive integrated approach. The process took a year to complete challenged at every turn by stakeholder consensus buy in of vertical government initiatives and financial support being slow to emerge. The curriculum creation was a process of hybridization building from materials successfully used in this context from the Ghana Health Service Millennium Villages Project World Vision together with the latest evidence-based tools from the WHO and UNICEF. A draft curriculum was circulated in September 2015 and the Training of Trainers took place in February 2016 and was met with great enthusiasm. (Excerpts)


The main problems of land resources use in Zengcheng were pointed out. According to the deviations in its natural geography features, current situation and development direction etc., the landuse of Zengcheng was distinguished into three kinds of development models ,including town agglomeration district model, cultivated land opening district model and ecological construction district model, which should be performed with different development strategies based on the fundamental principles for the sustainable use of land resources. some suggestions to promote the level of land resources sustainable use were provided.


This article presents reflections on the margin of the investigations that Hart conducts based on the hypothesis that the open texture must be characterized by a penumbra zone where the primary and secondary rules are located. According to the author, the discourse space is not filled exclusively by the legality that comes from the legal universe itself. The present article aims to problematize rules that are conducted beyond what would be in the interest of the same, here considered as an open element whose validity is committed, on the one hand, with the state structure and, on the other hand, with the legislative role exercised by the Courts. The results return to the importance of a philosophical effort developed by Hart, which consists of showing the obscure points of language that preceded the application of the rule itself. Semantics, in this case, does not represent just a dialogical moment between fact and meaning, but the very condition that underlies the exercise of legal and philosophical work.


This paper is devoted to developing an efficient method to prepare spherical naphthalene particles, which consists of the following two steps: spraying the molten naphthalene directly into the boiling water, and gas-stirring at the interface between cold water and hot water It is indicated that this modified method could raise the recovery of naphthalene, improve the particle sphericity and make the particle size and the particle size distribution controllable


This chapter discusses major characteristics of modern Jewish historiography that have become crucial for most of the scholarly approaches laid out during the last two hundred years. One of the central arguments is that, after the cultural turn, still almost unrecognized within Jewish studies, all the attempts to discover new methods of writing Jewish history necessarily have to face the dominant heritage of one fundamental historical concept, namely national history. This concept clearly continues to define our perception of Jewish history even today, the reason being that its structures and bonds remain unrecognized, forcing us over and over again into similar ways of thinking, thereby considerably narrowing the possibility of developing fundamental new approaches. The chapter outlines only general characteristics, while other interesting side-glances have to be omitted for the sake of focusing on the crucial paradigms and their dynamics. Keywords: Jewish historiography; Jewish History; Jewish studies; National History


The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon isotope fractionation as a phenomic facility for cotton selection in contrasting environments and to assess its relationship with yield components. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replicates, in the municipalities of Santa Helena de Goias (SHGO) and Montividiu (MONT), in the state of Goias, Brazil. The analysis of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was performed in 15 breeding lines and three cultivars. Subsequently, the root growth kinetic and root system architecture from the selected genotypes were determined. In both locations, Δ analyses were suitable to discriminate cotton genotypes. There was a positive correlation between Δ and seed‑cotton yield in SHGO, where water deficit was more severe. In this site, the negative correlations found between Δ and fiber percentage indicate an integrative effect of gas exchange on Δ and its association with yield components. As for root robustness and growth kinetic, the GO 05 809 genotype performance contributes to sustain the highest values of Δ found in MONT, where edaphoclimatic conditions were more suitable for cotton. The use of Δ analysis as a phenomic facility can help to select cotton genotypes, in order to obtain plants with higher efficiency for gas exchange and water use.


OBJECTIVETo study the long term protectice effe ct of diazepam interferential treatment on hippocampal formation in immature rats with status epilepticus.METHODSHealthy postnatal Wistar rat pups(n=72)were divided into control group of normal saline,diazepam interfe rential group and Lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus group randoml y.They were followed up to the stage of mature rats.Conventional histopathologic al method and electron microscope were utilized to observe morphological changes in hippocampal formation.In addition,Timm histochemical technique was adopted to study mossy fiber sprouting.RESULTSAbout 2/3 of rats in status epilepticu group developed hippocampal neuroal degeneration and necrosis ,especially in subfields CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus. Mossy fiber sprouting was f ound in the CA3 subfield.There were about 1/3 SE rats without injuries in hippoc ampal formation.No hippocampus lesions and mossy fiber sprouting were found in b oth of the normal saline and diazepam interferential groups.CONCLUSIO NThe damage of hippocampal formation caused by status epilepticus in i mmature rats can be prevented by diazepam interferential treatment.This protecti ve effect can last to maturity.


We found the article by Chase et al. (1) very interesting. Obviously, other authors share our worries concerning fewer clinic visits and less costs for diabetic patients because they are dramatically increasing in number. We presented (2) and published (3) a study …


Abstract This paper re-examines the events between 1919 and 1924 that culminated in the regulation of London's bus services under the London Traffic Act, 1924. Prior to this, bus services in London were not subject to any form of regulatory control. The commissioner of the Metropolitan Police licensed vehicles under the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act, 1869, and once a licence was granted, the holder had complete freedom of operation. The 1924 act was introduced by Ramsay MacDonald's first Labour government as part of a deal to settle a strike by London's tramway and bus men, and is commonly portrayed as a measure that was enacted in haste to solve this crisis. The evidence presented in this paper demonstrates that plans to regulate London's bus services were longer in the making than is generally supposed, and that the form of control was shaped by influences other than transport and industrial relations. The other factors that form part of this re-examination are the national economic crisis, debate about the structure of London government, and a fresh assessment of the interplay between the transport employers and employees in making common cause for protection from competition.


The effect of multiple disintegration of solids under intensive stress action such as compression & shear (ISACS) was discovered in 70-th years in N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences at the investigation of mechanochemical reactions in some polymeric and composit materials. The first experimental investigations of this phenomenon were also carried out there (see the review of Nikol'skii and Wol'fson1). Initially the interest in physicochemical processes proceeding in polymeric systems subjected to ISACS, was caused by the fact that the velocity of chemical reaction can increase for several orders of magnitude under these conditions and, in some cases, the reaction does not proceed at all within the same temperature range in the absence of ISACS. The experimental data accumulated till now demonstrate, however, that in a solid-state matrix of polymers and polymeric composites subjected to ISACS, not only the mechanochemical processes, but also some other physicochemical ones can proceed in an unconventional way.


The range of sprinkler rotation nonuniformity for commercial sprinkler products and how this nonuniformity affects overlapped water distribution patterns is of concern to manufacturers, system designers, and users. Sprinkler rotation tests for a wide range of sprinklers showed that the maximum relative rotation deviation, MRD, as defined in this article, usually varied within a range of 20% under practical riser installations. The value of MRD increased significantly with increasing sprinkler riser tilt angle. A computer simulation model for evaluating the effect of MRD and its randomized orientations and quadrants relative to the sprinkler overlapped grid on water uniformity was developed and the model was verified by laboratory experiments. Water uniformity decreased as MRD increased, but the reduction was rather small, never exceeding 3% for most commercial sprinkler products at practical sprinkler spacings. Thus, variation in sprinkler rotation is not a factor in most commercial sprinkler installations.


T study shows that dual hologram interferometry can be used to accurately measure local densities in wind-tunnel experiments, and that this technique does not suffer from some of the serious limitations of previous interferometric methods. A pulsed ruby laser is used as the light source so that highfrequency turbulence in the flow can be instantaneously recorded, and hence, frozen in time. The unique feature of dual hologram interferometry is that the no flow and flow conditions are recorded at different times on separate holograms. Because of this, movement between exposures is not recorded in the interferogram, and therefore, the method is not sensitive to wind-tunnel vibration. The images are interfered upon reconstruction, and the fringe configuration is controlled by precisely varying the orientation of the two holograms with respect to each other. ~ The heart of a practical, operational system is the dual hologram plate holder which is used to hold and precisely align the two holograms during image reconstruction. To demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of this method, three separate Mach 3 flowfields were considered in the original paper, but only the flat plate turbulent boundary-layer results are presented here.


The central notion of this paper is that of contracts for concurrency, allowing one to capture the expected atomicity of sequences of method or service calls in a concurrent program. The contracts may be either extracted automatically from the source code, or provided by developers of libraries or software modules to reflect their expected usage in a concurrent setting. We start by extending the so-far considered notion of contracts for concurrency in several ways, improving their expressiveness and enhancing their applicability in practice. Then, we propose two complementary analyses—a static and a dynamic one—to verify programs against the extended contracts. We have implemented both approaches and present promising experimental results from their application on various programs, including real-world ones where our approach unveiled previously unknown errors.


We present a solution to the problem of dynamic extension in statically typed functional languages with type erasure. The presented solution retains the benefits of static checking, including type safety, aggressive optimizations, and native code compilation of components, while allowing extensibility of programs at runtime. Our approach is based on a framework for dynamic extension in a statically typed setting, combining dynamic linking, runtime type checking, first class modules and code hot swapping. We show that this framework is sufficient to allow a broad class of dynamic extension capabilities in any statically typed functional language with type erasure semantics. Uniquely, we employ the full compile-time type system to perform runtime type checking of dynamic components, and emphasize the use of native code extension to ensure that the performance benefits of static typing are retained in a dynamic environment. We also develop the concept of fully dynamic software architectures, where the static core is minimal and all code is hot swappable. Benefits of the approach include hot swappable code and sophisticated application extension via embedded domain specific languages. We instantiate the concepts of the framework via a full implementation in the Haskell programming language: providing rich mechanisms for dynamic linking, loading, hot swapping, and runtime type checking in Haskell for the first time. We demonstrate the feasibility of this architecture through a number of novel applications: an extensible text editor; a plugin-based network chat bot; a simulator for polymer chemistry; and xmonad, an extensible window manager. In doing so, we demonstrate that static typing is no barrier to dynamic extension.


Even though nowadays computers at school are taken for granted, there are still many doubts about how they are used in pedagogical context, and if, in fact, they are used. This research work aims at describing the way the Moodle is used in a secondary school, with the 2 nd and 3 rd cycle of education, and how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are applied in pedagogical practices. This topic of research was chosen, mainly, for the need to further study the importance that new resources, such as the Moodle, which are increasingly present in school context, have acquired in the daily life of a school, as well as the advantages of their use in Education, in general, and in teaching practices, in particular. Computers have been playing a significant role in changing teachers' practices, notably in what concerns the shift from pedagogical attitudes focused on teaching towards learning-centered pedagogical attitudes. The main question remains: is this really occurring in practice, or is it that old habits are maintained under a new cover? Despite the great diversity of technological resources existing in schools, we often find that, over time, their use has been following a unidirectional communication model, centered on the teacher, who merely continues to convey information/ knowledge, now by means of a computer. Key-words: Moodle; ICTs; teaching-learning; teachers; teachers; students.


Few-shot learning is a challenging problem that has attracted more and more attention recently since abundant training samples are difficult to obtain in practical applications. Meta-learning has been proposed to address this issue, which focuses on quickly adapting a predictor as a base-learner to new tasks, given limited labeled samples. However, a critical challenge for meta-learning is the representation deficiency since it is hard to discover common information from a small number of training samples or even one, as is the representation of key features from such little information. As a result, a meta-learner cannot be trained well in a high-dimensional parameter space to generalize to new tasks. Existing methods mostly resort to extracting less expressive features so as to avoid the representation deficiency. Aiming at learning better representations, we propose a meta-learning approach with complemented representations network (MCRNet) for few-shot image classification. In particular, we embed a latent space, where latent codes are reconstructed with extra representation information to complement the representation deficiency. Furthermore, the latent space is established with variational inference, collaborating well with different base-learners, and can be extended to other models. Finally, our end-to-end framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance in image classification on three standard few-shot learning datasets.


Background The present study sought to further investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of a representative omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with a focus on assessing the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis as an important mechanism for its anticancer actions. Methodology/Principal Findings In vitro studies showed that DHA strongly reduces the viability and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture, and also promotes cell death via apoptosis. Mechanistically, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase 8 contribute critically to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Co-presence of antioxidants or selective inhibition or knockdown of caspase 8 each effectively abrogates the cytotoxic effect of DHA. Using athymic nude mice as an in vivo model, we found that feeding animals the 5% fish oil-supplemented diet for 6 weeks significantly reduces the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vivo through inhibition of cancer cell proliferation as well as promotion of cell death. Using 3-nitrotyrosine as a parameter, we confirmed that the fish oil-supplemented diet significantly increases oxidative stress in tumor cells in vivo. Analysis of fatty acid content in plasma and tissues showed that feeding animals a 5% fish oil diet increases the levels of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in both normal and tumorous mammary tissues by 329% and 300%, respectively. Conclusions/Significance DHA can strongly induce apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of apoptosis in these cells is selectively mediated via caspase 8 activation. These observations call for further studies to assess the effectiveness of fish oil as a dietary supplement in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer.


Identification is integral to mentoring relationships, yet we know relatively little about the process through which mentors and proteges identify with each other, how this mutual identification shifts through the phases of the mentoring relationship, and how identification impacts the quality of the relationship over time. In this article we integrate theories of the self, relationships, and relational mentoring to consider the role of identification in informal mentoring. Specifically, we theorize how the process of personal identification occurs in mentoring from the perspective of both the mentor and protege and offer a model that demonstrates how shifts in identification relate to the quality of the relationship that develops over time. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research and theory in mentoring.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to give an explicit formula for the action of the n dimensional Dickson invariants on the admissible mod 2 Steenrod operations of length n.


Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) is the most prevalent form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [1]. In ASH, the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral valve develop a dynamic obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) that can cause low cardiac output and pulmonary edema [2]. Among the forms of treatment, myectomy surgery stands out [1-3]. Patients with labile obstruction, peak LVOT pressure gradients ≥50mm Hg during exercise, resting gradients >30mm Hg and patients with NYHA class II through IV symptoms refractory to medical therapy are the ones that will benefit from the surgical procedure [1]. The aim of this series of cases is to demonstrate the measures performed by perioperative transesophageal echocardiography during myectomy procedures. Methods


This article focused on several key technologies in application of papaya tissue culture seedling such as the high pollution rate of explants in tissue culture,the germination and differentiation of side buds,the differentiation and vitrification of adventitious buds and the induction of adventitious roots,and future application of papaya tissue culture seedling also is discussed.


Part I: The Rules of the Game * The Sound of Bubbles Bursting * The Formal Rules-Winning Delegates * The Formal Rules-Campaign Finance * Claiming the Mantle Part II: Playing the Game * The Seven Dwarfs * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs * Clash of the Titans * Looking Ahead


DNA damage to identify candidate proteins that are activated at sites of DNA damage in ATRX mutant cells. The effects of genetic and/or therapeutic knockdown of these proteins in the context of DNA damage will also be evaluated to identify specific dependencies in ATRX altered cancers.


To understand the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in swine of Xinjiang,667 serum samples of 27 batches were collected from 12 swine farms,4areas of Xinjiang,and Toxoplasma gondii antibody was assayed by ELISA test.The results showed that the average positive rate of T.gondii antibody was 47.2%.There was significant difference in the T.gondii antibody levels btween the different areas and swine farms.The positive rate of T.gondii antibody in C swine farm reached 96.4%,and positive rates of T.gondii antibody in South XinjiangⅠ was 59.3%.


Postharvest Yanyang cherries were stored by different methods such as hypobaric storage(40 kPa),MA storage and cold storage respectively.The storage temperature was(0 ±0.5) ℃ and humidity was 90% ~95%.The preservation effects were studied through the analysis of the changes of fruit quality during different storage,and the preservation periods were determined in this paper.The results showed that,hypobaric storage and MA storage could significantly improve the effect of preservation of cherry fruit and greatly prolong the storage period compared with cold storage.Especially,the effect of hypobaric storage was better than that of MA storage.In the conditions of this experiment,the storage time of cherry was less than 28 d for cold storage,hypobaric storage could be for a maximum period of 49 d,and the MA storage was between them.


Analyzing the characters of gasoline prices behavior is helpful to understand the formation mechanism of gasoline price.In this paper,the gasoline price dynamics is investigated by applying the Zipf-type analysis.Based on the directionality(sign) of price fluctuations,two critical points have been found,which could be used to mark undergoes phase transitions.The results are helpful to avert price risk and instruct the transactions of different agents.


Objective To know the effectiveness of swall ow training in dysphagia of stroke pati ents.Method53cases were divided randoml y into study group and contro l group.The study group accepted regular medical and diet nursing,and th e control group was given to a swallowing-training-b ased rehabi litation program.Result The index and data of two groups did not ha ve significant differences befo re treat-ment.After 4weeks,the deglutiton a nd diet grade for patients in control group were prior to study group(P0.0 1),the total cases with complications in contol group were d istinctly lower than those in study g roup(P0.005),the quantity of demand for diet nur s ing decreased meaningfully(P0.001).Conclusion This program improved the swallowin g function of stroke patients,decre ased their complications and lightened families' load of patients with dysphagia following stroke.


The character of dynamic variation of stress field in north part of Chinese northsouth seismic belt is analysed, and comparing with data of some earthquake precursor observations, the relationship between the variation of stress field and seismicity is studied. At last the mechanism of the variation and the possibility of using it to protect earthquake are discussed.


With the centenary of Federation looming, this is a lively and comprehensive overview of the events leading up to Federation in 1901 written in a clear and accessible style. The text is illustrated with historical photographs. Contemporary issues such as the republican debate are touched upon.


Umapathi, Udayan M.S.E.C.E., Purdue University, December 2014. Realization and evaluation of a 3-Degrees-Of-Freedom mouse model. Major Professors: Niklas E. Elmqvist and Vijay Raghunathan. Kinesiology research has shown that translation and rotation are inseparable actions in the real world. Motivated by this fact, this thesis explores a model for the computer mouse, the new addition being rotational input about vertical axis of a mouse. We realize our model through Mushaca, a 3-degrees-of-freedom mouse (3DOF mouse) that can sense rotation (ΘZ), in addition to sensing XY planar translation (ΔX, ΔY). The thesis presents two realizations of Mushaca – namely a MEMS version that uses accelerometer and gyroscope, and an optical sensor version that uses two optical sensors. Through a controlled user study we try to find out if that rotation is an useful input modality in pointing devices. The user study shows that in general rotation is a useful input modality, but it excels a standard mouse only in certain scenarios. Through the user study we also study the effect of the rotating coordinate system of the mouse and also how users adapt to this changing frame of reference through kinesthetic learning.


A new method of model construction based on continuous wavelet transform(CWT) and independent component regression(ICR) was proposed.In its application to near infrared spectrometry,the data of IR spectra were treated with CWT to remove the noise and spectral background,their characteristic matrix were then extracted by the independent component analysis,and finally,determination of the individual components of the sample was performed by the regression analysis.This new chemometric method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of contents of moisture,fat and protein in meat samples,showing that the results predicted by CWT-ICR method were in consistency with the results obtained by chemical analysis.


important mediators of classical culture so they will inevitably colour any modern reading of Roman art and literature' (pp. 111–12). It never ceases to amaze me that literary scholars happily juxtapose pictorial images in a fashion that would cause outcry if they were dealing with literary sources: Vasari to understand Roman statues? Yun Lee Too cites Apuleius' written example of an image of Mercury as the 'appropriate emblem for himself' but ignores surviving images of 'philosophers' in her discussion and the question of how such statues might also relate to Apuleius' self-image. Fowler's and Laird's pieces are purely literary: they engage with the rhetoric of the texts in question but not with the rhetoric of the visual. They chase up the literary echoes, but pay little attention to the visual echoes invoked by the text. Morales's piece is the one place where text and the visual do come together, exploring Roman attitudes as μltered through a piece ostensibly testing orators' rhetorical skills. Only four of the ten papers (Huet, Koortbojian, Elsner, and Currie) are concerned μrstly with the visual objects and how they might have worked within Roman society, but they barely (bar Elsner) deal with literary texts. At this point, a paper cast along Fowler's lines ('does it mean anything if no-one is there to interpret it?') which worked from the visual material to the textual might have formed an interesting addition. In a sense, therefore, this is not a book about art and text in Roman culture but one about text and art, and the ways in which (primarily) literary scholars discuss text and art, often with little sympathy for the visual. I gained a sense of what texts about art tell us about Roman literature but not what they tell us about Roman art and Roman use of, attitudes to, and understanding of the visual. That Roman writing appears to us to be ambivalent about di¶erentiating between reading and looking is interesting—but why? Did they care or is this our concern?


ABSTRACT We analyse the economic returns in lifetime labour income of various educational paths in Germany. Using recent data, we calculate cumulative labour earnings at different ages and for different educational paths while controlling the parental background of individuals. We find that after the age of 55, lifetime labour income is higher for individuals with a university degree compared to individuals with a vocational degree. Considering the risk of dropout and the possibility of educational upgrading, individuals who start with a vocational training after their school degree do not earn less than individuals who start with university studies.


Due to widespread deployments of Vehicular Area Networks (VANs) and the increasing affordability of mobile data and smart mobile devices, there is an increasing demand for accessing applications and services on-the-go. As a result, group mobility scenarios have emerged, especially over VANs on public transport networks (e.g., buses, trains, aircraft, and so on). Therefore, when a group of users roam as a single unit, the NGMN must be equipped with efficient route optimization and group mobility management support. In light of this, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined the NEtwork MObility (NEMO) basic support protocol for location transition management for a group of members moving between two networks. Nevertheless, IETF's group mobility management solution is limited to homogeneous networks. Therefore, this paper proposes the integration of NEMO support for NGMN architectures for enabling group mobility management among multiple heterogeneous networks. Further, according to the evaluation and results, it is also capable of successfully handling handoff and mobility management for complex nested mobility scenarios.


Thank you for reading principles of internal fixation of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton trauma and othognathic surgery. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this principles of internal fixation of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton trauma and othognathic surgery, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


In comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 appears to be more contagious [1], and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients demonstrate varied clinical manifestations distinct from those seen in patients with SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections [2]. Collective results from the clinical and epidemiological observations suggest a distinct viral–host interaction in COVID-19 patients. Profiling of the antibody response during SARS-CoV-2 infection may help improve our understanding of the viral–host interaction and the immunopathological mechanisms of the disease. Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 showed an early response of IgA, instead of IgM, in COVID-19 patients. As highlighted by this study, enhanced IgA responses observed in severe COVID-19 might confer damaging effects in severe COVID-19. https://bit.ly/3fA7c1I


The aim of this work was to measure contrast sensitivity for radial frequencies (rCSF) in the range between 0.25-2 cpd in children (4 to 7 years of age) and young adults. Contrast thresholds were estimated for 25 participants (twenty children and five adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method at low luminance levels. All the cts participants had normal acuity. The results showed that the curves (rCSF) of the 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old improved significantly with age. The results also showed that the rCSF for 7 year old children was lower than in young adults. These results suggest that the development of contrast sensitivity for radial stimuli increases gradually even after turning 7 years old.


Objective To study the high-efficacy method for disinfection of central fan air conditioning system and its efficacy evaluation. Methods The surface of central fan air conditioning system and filter material were artificially contaminated by Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores, then simulated field trials with immersion, aerosol spray and ultrasonic nebulization were used to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of peracetic acid and to observe the corrosivity of the disinfectant.Results Immersion simulated field test indicaed that the spores artificially contaminated on the surface of tin plate and filter screen of air conditioner exposed to water solution containing 2000 mg/L and 5000 mg/L peracetic acid for 60 min and 30 min respectively could be completely killed. Aerosol spray simulated field test indicated that the average killing rates of spores on tin plate and filter screen exposed to 5000 mg/L peracetic acid for 120 min could reach 100.00% and 99.92% respectively. Ultrasonic nebulization simulated field test indicated that under air tight condition, the average killing rates of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores on tin plate and filter screen exposed to ultrasonic nebulization of water solution containing 10000 mg/L peracetic acid at a dose of 30 ml/m3 for 120 min could reach 100.00% and 99.94% respectively.Conclusion The immersion method showed the best efficacy of peracetic acid in disinfection of air conditioner. The aerosol spray and ultrasonic nebulization methods also could fulfill the disinfection requirements, but longer disinfection time was required.


The limitations relative to the potential for creating cable TV system-based metropolitan area networks (MANs) are discussed. The topology and terminology of a cable TV system, the signals transmitted over the cable, and the problems of external noise on the system and noise created by the system are reviewed. A collection of services that can be provided on a cable TV-based network and problems associated with doing so are discussed. Solutions to the obstacles caused by attempting to graft a bidirectional network onto a unidirectional broadcast medium are presented. The ways in which the resulting MAN will relate to the IEEE 802.6 and the ISDN standard are outlined.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT: Design of a stormwater pump station is a complicated procedure because of the large number of parameters that are involved. Even the most basic pump station serving a small catchment requires a computationally intensive iterative evaluation. However, the design problem consists primarily of finding the combination of temporary storage and pump capacity that accommodates runoff of the selected recurrence interval for the least cost. A procedure is developed for rapidly obtaining the needed relation between storage volume and discharge for small pump stations where a constant outflow can be assumed and the inflow hydro-graph can be represented using the modified rational method with rainfall given by a widely-used intensity-duration equation. Accepting the limitations of the modified rational method and the simplifications applied to pump station operation, the procedure provides an uncomplicated way of rapidly finding the stormwater runoff volume that needs to be temporarily stored for given values of pump discharge and activation water level (or, equivalently, activation storage volume). Ultimate determination of temporary runoff storage will depend on an economic analysis of the trade-off between storage volume and pump capacity.