A PC based system has been developed for the analysis of gamma-ray spectra and for the complete reduction of data from INAA experiments, including software to average the results from multiple lines and multiple countings and to produce a final report of analysis. Graphics algorithms may be called for the analysis of complex spectral features, to compare the data from alternate photopeaks and to evaluate detector performance during a given counting cycle. A database of results for control samples can be used to prepare quality control charts to evaluate long term precision and to search for systematic variations in data on reference samples as a function of time. The entire software library can be accessed through a user-friendly menu interface with internal help.


This article is devoted to the study of some bidimensional fluid model with a source term implying oscillations. In this context, we can construct a family of exact solutions u(epsilon) indexed by epsilon is an element of ]0,1], defined on a strip [0, T] x R-2 with T is an element of R+* fixed, and involving three types of scales: epsilon(-2)t for a boundary layer at time t = 0, epsilon(-2)x(1) for oscillations in the direction x(1), and epsilon(-1)x(2) for a concentration near the position x(2) = 0. We show that the propagation and the interaction of these singularities produce a turbulent effect that manifests itself through the addition of some (unusual) diffusion when describing the underlying modulation equations.


This paper studied the space-time evolution characteristics of East China with the method of improper slave function in fuzzy mathematics,which studied50 0 0 0 sets of comprehensive precursor field data observed by sixteen methods of precursory observation.Through the study,we can conclude that improper slave function shows fairly good earthquake-reflecting capacity to earthquakes with Ms 5.0 in eastern China, Which can be regarded as comprehensive parameter to the medium-term and short-term earthquake prediction and can determine three elements of an earthquake more exactly.


The labile tellurium cyanide species Te(CN)2 and Te(CN)4 have been prepared by treatment of tellurium(IV) tetrahalides with cyanide. Both are thermosensitive solids and, in addition, the tetracyanide was found to be pyrophoric. The crystal structure of Te(CN)2 has been determined. The structures of Te(CN)2, Te(CN)4, and Te(CN)6 have been calculated at various levels of theory. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


Background The detection rate of multiple pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) screening has increased significantly in recent years. In cases with multiple nodules within the same lung lobe or segment, it is often difficult for thoracic surgeons and pathologists to accurately locate all lesions in the surgically resected specimens. Therefore, the objective of our study was to use three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in conjunction with 3D printing as an auxiliary method for localizing multiple small nodules in specimens after surgery and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020 at the National Cancer Center (Beijing, China). In total, 43 surgical candidates with multiple nodules were recruited to undergo lobectomy or segmentectomy and 40 patients were ultimately enrolled in this study. With the assistance of 3D reconstruction/printing models, the obtained specimens were marked and then identified by a pathologist. The primary outcome was the success rate of nodule localization in the resected specimens, and the secondary outcome was the agreement rate between the pathological results of the samples and CT images. Results In the 40 patients enrolled, 126 nodules were detected by preoperative imaging, of which 124 nodules (positive rate: 98.4%) were successfully located in the resected specimens using 3D reconstruction/printing. For the 124 nodules, the agreement rate of the pathological results of samples and CT images with the assistance of 3D reconstruction/printing models was 100.0%. Conclusions The results show that 3D reconstruction/printing models allow for the rapid and accurate localization of nodules in resected specimens. Also, the pathological results of lesions show good agreement with the results of preoperative CT imaging, which is of great significance for further study into the clinicopathological characteristics and radiomics of multiple pulmonary nodules.


In the present paper, we consider exponential recursive trees with no node of outdegree greater than k, called exponential recursive k-ary trees (k ≥ 2). At each step of growing of these trees, every external node (insertion position) is changed into a leaf with probability p, or fails to do so with probability 1 — p. We investigate limiting behavior of fundamental parameters such as size, leaves and distances in exponential recursive k-ary trees.


This guide is an information portal featuring library resources to support EDCI 521: Technology for the 21st Century Teacher. Using Google Scholar & OhioLINK for research


In this paper, we propose a method of planning collision-free trajectory for two manipulators along specified joint paths. The joint path of each manipulator is represented by a path parameter and two path parameters generate a two-dimensional space which contains the collision region of two manipulators. In order to connect the path parameter with time, a time scale factor is introduced. In a three-dimensionl space constituted by the two-dimensional space of the path parameters and the time scale factor, minimum time trajectories for two manipulators are searched under joint torque constraints and collision-free condition by dynamic programming. There are two advantages in this method. One is that deadlock does not occur in the search because the collision region is obtained beforehand. And the other is that the proposed method considers manipulator dynamics, therefore, not only collision avoidance but also minimization of traveling time is carried out at the same time.


We have performed a detailed quantitative structural analysis of epitaxial [Fe(3 nm)/Cr(1.2 nm)]{sub 20} superlattices by low- and high-angle x-ray diffraction, and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy on cross-section samples. The interface roughness was changed systematically by varying the substrate temperature (150-250 deg. C) maintaining all other growth parameters fixed. Direct imaging of the interfaces allows examining the roughness of the individual interfaces and its evolution with thickness. A statistical analysis of the local interface width for the individual layers supplies the roughness static and dynamic exponents. High-temperature samples (250 deg. C) show roughness decreasing with thickness as a result of surface-diffusion-dominated growth. Low-temperature samples (150 deg. C) show anomalous non-self-affine roughness characterized by a time-dependent local interface width.


Objective To identify the levels of AIDS knowledge among people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHAs) in nine AIDS epidemic areas in Anhui,and evaluate the effectiveness of AIDS education program and implementation of five-year project.Methods Using cluster sampling method,1 226 PLWHAs were interviewed in nine AIDS epidemic areas.A structured questionnaire was anonymously administered face-to-face for each participant.Results Among 1 226 participants,1 005 answered correctly to 8 questions(81.97%).Doctor,TV and free promotional materials were the main sources to obtain AIDS related knowledge for PLWHAs.Compared with the 2008 survey results,the correct answer rates of "non-remunerated blood donation will not transmit AIDS" increased from 84.3% to 94.7%(χ2=60.435,P0.001),and "blood donation is harmless to the body more than once every six months" increased from 84.4% to 93.2%(χ2=41.011,P0.001).The proportion of PLWHAs using condom with spouse was 98% at last intercourse,which was higher than that of 2008 survey(93.6%)(χ2=38.163,P0.001).92% of them used condoms consistently at last 3 intercourse,which was higher than that of 2008 survey(80.9%)(χ2=14.765,P0.001).Conclusion Compared to the results of 2008 survey,the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and voluntary blood donation was increased in AIDS epidemic areas.The rate of consistent condom use was greatly improved.The way to obtain AIDS related knowledge for PLWHAs was single,and the discrimination still existed.In our future work,we should focus on "eliminating discrimination,getting to zero".


Alcoholic extracts of Capsicum frutescence (Chilly) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) (ranging between 500 and 3000 ppm) were tested for antifungal activity in vitro on Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp isolated from naturally infected citrus fruit. The water extracts served as control and it was observed that the alcoholic extracts concentrations were more effective than the water extract control in showing antifungal activity (P<0.05) against the test pathogens. The results also indicated that Capsicum frutescence showed 100% inhibition of colony diameter (cm) at 3000 ppm. Hence, the results of the present investigations indicate the plant extracts posses' antifungal activity that can be exploited as an ideal treatment for future plant disease management to eliminate fungal spread.


From the time of prehistoric etchings on the walls of the Lascaux cave to the present day, people have always been creating art. With millions of artistic artifacts filling museums, churches, cultural institutions, and private collections across the globe, connecting to our shared cultural and artistic past is no longer impossible.


Bladder exstrophy during adulthood is a rare deformity. A major surgical challenge encountered in bladder exstrophy cases is the repair of an anterior abdominal wall defect. The TopClosure® tension-relief system (TRS) is a simple and practical skin stretching and wound closure-secure system that can be useful in treating patients with bladder exstrophy. A 61-year-old man presented with a congenital bladder valgus and epispadias. The dorsal side of the penis was split. The patient underwent valgus cystectomy, bilateral ureteral skin stoma creation, and primary closure of the large defect of the anterior abdominal wall using the TopClosure® TRS. At the 1-year follow-up after surgery, the patient had recovered well, and there were no indications of major complications. Utilization of the TopClosure® TRS to repair the large abdominal defect is an innovative method for abdominal reconstruction. The TopClosure® TRS reduces operative time and the duration of hospital stay and improves wound aesthetics.


Microstructure and mechanical properties of the bainite-martensite steel plate were researched.The results show that some microstructure with bainite-martensite can be obtained in low-carbon bainitic steel if combined some silicon with a proper quantum.As the silicon element can restrain the precipitation of carbide during the bainite transformation,a bainite-martensite structure with non-equal axis ferrite and martensite and retained austenite (M-A) island or lath ferrite and retained austenite between lath is obtained,and the steel possesses a high strength,high hardness and a higher low temperature impact toughness.


This study determines the effect of compact built-up residential areas (with water mains but without sewage systems) on selected indices of water quality in the winter and summer half-year. The assessment was based on an analysis of the Grodna stream draining catchment with an area of 598.21 ha. Water quality measurements were conducted before and after water flowed through the built-up part of the catchment. The obtained results unanimously point to a negative impact on surface water quality from the residential built-up area, which has no regular water supply or sewage disposal system. Mean annual concentrations of the analyzed indices of the stream water (except dissolved oxygen) always increased after the water flowed through the built-up area. The concentration increases were sometimes very high for some indices (NH4 over 30-fold, NO2 and PO4 almost 10-fold). Water quality was also assessed using a direct method.


This form must be filled out with adobe Acrobat and then printed for signature In compliance with the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, the University may be prohibited from providing certain information from your student records to a third party, such as information on grades, billing, tuition and fees assessment, financial aid (including scholarships, grants, work-study, or loan amounts) and other student record Information. This restriction applies, but is not limited, to your parents, your spouse, or a sponsor.


Limited data address the effect of male circumcision on the risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men or on the risk for cervical


Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of various hydrophilic methacrylate monomers on submicrometer-sized silica particles in aqueous media at 20 °C leads to polymer-grafted silica particles whose colloid stability depends on the nature of the grafted polymer. These new organic−inorganic hybrid particles have been extensively characterized by thermogravimetry, elemental microanalyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They are expected to be interesting model colloids for evaluating theories of steric stabilization.


ABSTRACT: Expanding on the relationship between word and image that already exists in the illustrated novel versions of The Graveyard Book (2008), P. Craig Russell spearheaded the project to adapt Neil Gaiman's novel as a graphic novel, published in two volumes in 2014. A different artist or team of artists adapted each individual chapter, forming a total of eight distinct visual approaches to Gaiman's source text. Critic Linda Hutcheon's approach to adaptation is particularly useful when thinking about the illustrations that Dave McKean and Chris Riddell first produced for Gaiman's novel, as well as the eight distinct visual adaptations that make up the graphic novel version of the text. Hutcheon reminds her readers that, thanks to the complexities of new media and the new platforms on which stories are now available, adaptation is always a collective process. These ten distinct visual approaches showcase the partnership between and among adaptors of Gaiman's novel. All of these illustrated versions of The Graveyard Book point to the creators' specific visual responses to Gaiman's novel, individual aesthetic responses that also expand and broaden the audience base for The Graveyard Book. In turn, fans, readers and viewers can receive these illustrated versions of the same novel as palimpsests of one another that balance the concept of "repetition with variation" that is so central to the process and product of adaptation.


Human leukocyte interferon preparation (HuIFN-alpha LE) was given to the patients with cancer or with chronic hepatitis. Spontaneous tumor cell growth inhibition by human peripheral lymphocytes (STGI) and NK activity were enhanced by the systemic administration of HuIFN-alpha LE, although there were differences in the kinetics between the two activities after one time administration or by the repeated administration. This suggests that IFN acts indirectly on the tumor cells by the medium of normal lymphocytes or NK cells, and that tumor cell growth inhibition is different from NK activity.


The power system state estimator combined to the capability curve of synchronous generators may provide a powerful tool, once applied to enhance the power system operation. By this study, we show an implementation of an activeX control. It can display a real time capability curve based on data provided by the power system state estimator and also how to use this tool for training or for educational purposes.


Northern Australia is one of the very few regions of the world where an established tradition of rock-art has continued and extends into present-day knowledge. Excavation of deposits under the painted surfaces allows the age of the paintings to be estimated, by linking across to these deposits and their dateable contexts. One can begin to assess the antiquity of those systems of knowledge and of 'signifying'.


The aim of the paper is to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of per capita GDP in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region(thereafter short for BTHMR).A sample of 140 county-level regions over the period 1995-2007 provides clear evidence of global and local spatial autocorrelation or autodependence as well as spatial heterogeneity.Transition probability matrices were used to verify the robustness of our conclusion.Based on techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis,several conclusions are draw as follows:(1) The economic disparity and spatial concentration of the BTHMR is enlarging,as indicated by coefficients of variation and global Moran's I.The economic disparity and spatial concentration have a positive relationship,indicating that with the increase of spatial concentration,economic disparity may also enlarge.(2) With the Moran scatter plot,the heterogeneity takes on two distinct spatial regimes.One corresponds to the HH scheme including Beijing,Tianjin and Tangshan mainly,the other to the LL scheme including mostly Chengde,Zhang Jiakou and Baoding municipalities,which are surrounding Beijing and Tianjin.(3) The annual average growth rates of per capita GDP also reveal high spatial autocorrelation.Regions with relatively high growth rates are localized close to other regions with relatively high growth rates more than if this localization is purely random,and the statistical significant HH cluster falls mainly into Beijing and Tianjin,indicating that at present,the polarization effect rather than the spread effect of growth pole is dominating.(4) The relationship between initial log per capita GDP and average growth rates is different according to various patterns of local spatial autocorrelation of the initial year.In the HH scheme,initial log per capita GDP and average growth rates have a negative relationship,as an evidence of standard β-convergence models,while for LL scheme,the local autocorrelation type of growth rates of most regions remain falling into the LL scheme,indicating that there are no β-convergence.


Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterised by well-defined hypopigmented or depigmented macules due to absence or decrease in melanocytes. Materials and Methods: 72 children under 14 years of age with clinically diagnosis of vitiligo were included in this study. The study was conducted in the dermatology outpatient department from January 2021 to December 2022. All the patients meeting the inclusion criteria were taken into the study. A predefined performa was used for recording all the findings. Result: There were 33 male and 39 female children in the study (male female ratio 1.2:1). Mean age of onset was 7.8 years. The most common age group affected was 5 to 9 years (51%). Vitiligo vulgaris was the most common clinical type (47.2%). Head and neck region was the most common site of onset of the disease (39%). The most common associated feature was Koebner's phenomenon Family history was present in only 2.7% cases. Majority of patients (52%) had multiple lesions (more than 5). Body surface area involvement was less than 5% in 92% of cases. Conclusion: Childhood vitiligo differs from adult onset vitiligo in having different clinico epidemiological profile. Vitiligo in children is associated with significant psychological trauma leading to emotional stress and poor quality of life. Knowledge about the various clinical patterns and proper counselling will help in correct diagnosis and proper management of childhood vitiligo.


In the article authors prove a new method of grouping of the Russian regions on level of social and economic development. Comparison of the received results with the standard ratings has allowed to draw a conclusion on comprehensible adequacy of conclusions. Authors also have noticed that the hypotheses based on this sort of methods, should be checked and prove to be true different ways.


General Medical Council (Fitness to Practise) Rules 2004, rule 10 (if, after considering the allegation, it appears to the case examiners that (a) the practitioner's fitness to practise is impaired, or (b) the practitioner suffers from a continuing or episodic physical or mental condition that, although in remission at the time of the assessment, may be expected to cause a recurrence of impairment of the practitioner's fitness to practise, the case examiners may recommend that the practitioner be invited to comply with such undertakings as they think fit—including any limitations on the practitioner's practice—rule 10(2); the registrar shall not invite the practitioner to comply with any such undertakings where there is a realistic prospect that, if the allegation were referred to a fitness to practise panel, the practitioner's name would be erased from the register—rule 10(5)).


Thispaper describes anapplication offuzzy logicequipped withscanning probeallowing highpoint density and forcorrected measured pointdetermination incoordinate automated formerror measurements, graphic visualization of metrology. Thecorrection method worksonaseries ofindicated results, numerical dataarchiving inelectronic mediaand points obtained bycontact scanning ofthemeasured surface with integration withCAD/CAM systems.Therefore, these aspherical tipprobe. Theoutline oftheprobe ball defines anarc machines areutilized morefrequently wherereliability, speed foreachmeasured point, eachsucharcbeing delimited bythe and p reisioneo m orearequ ired. points ofintersection withthepreceeding andthefollowing arcs.andprecision ofmeasurements arerequired. As a first approximation thecorrected measured pointis Thespecified accuracy oftheseCMMs withscanning estimated asthemid-point ofthearc.Therefinement tothe modesisinthesub-micrometer range. However, theprobing method consists indetermining anangular compensation tobe system accuracy depends onthedesign parameters ofthe applied tothemid-point estimation andcalculating theassociated transducer, probeconfiguration, measuring strategy andthe indicated measured point coordinate values. Todetermine an algorithms ofproberadius compensation (1-3). Theusual angular compensation arule-based approach todecision making built-in real-time CMM software (4-6) forprocessing scanned using fuzzy logic techniques isproposed. Inthisapproach, we datapoints results insomesmoothing oftherealshape ofthe consider imprecise vagueknowledge asasetofrules linking a surface. Mostofthese arebasedonNURBS orother surface finite numberofconditions withafinite numberofconclusions. s ur oft o esbateon to apply the Therepresentation ofsuchimprecise knowledge bymeansof or2D contour models toestimate thedirection toapply the fuzzy linguistic terms makesitpossible tocarry outquantitative effective tipradius correction. Thedirection isthenormal processing inthecourse ofinference based onthecompositional vector tothefitted indicated measured points surface. As a rule ofinference that isusedforhandling uncertain (imprecise) result, theinformation about therealshapeofthemeasured knowledge, oftencalled approximate reasoning or fuzzy surface canbedistorted. reasoning. Suchknowledge canbecollected anddelivered bya Inorder toaccurately measure oncoordinate measuring humanexpert (e.g., decision maker, designer, process planner,machine wepropose anewmethodforcorrected measured machine operator, etc.). Forourcase, this knowledge isexpressedpoint determination inaCMM measuring process. byafinite numberofheuristic fuzzy rules oftheMultiple Input Single Outputtype(MISO). Thepaperwillinclude a brief Inthis study, wediscuss theapplication offuzzy logic for discussion ofanewcompensation procedure ofprobe radius tip anewmethodofcorrected measured point determination (or andrelated test results ofthesameprobe headcarried outona proberadius compensation) incoordinate metrology. fixed bridge Mitutoyo Legex910CMM equipped withaMPP- II.PRINCIPLE OFTHEMETHODOFCORRECTED MEASURED 300scanning probe inthecontinuous scanning mode. POINTDETERMINATION INCOORDINATE METROLOGY


Future wireless communication networks will be composed of multiple access technologies with a core IP network centred. The heterogeneous multi-radio scenario requires effective and efficient radio resource management (RRM) from a whole perspective that takes into account the overall amount of resources offered by all the available radio access technologies (RATs). Thus, the idea of cooperative radio resource management (Co-RRM) strategy in the tight coupling of UMTS and WLAN is proposed to achieve better user experiences and resource utilization. Separate RRM (S-RRM) and Co-RRM entity can combine to make a wiser decision. Functional model is also designed and implemented on NS-2 to validate this strategy as well.


A micro-architecture based on EJB is designed and the online hotel reservation system based on EJB micro-architecture is implemented.The system performances are analysed and compared between with EJB micro-architecture and without it.System business component with EJB micro-architecture can hide the complexity of implement of server business component,predigest the complexity of client,and give to the enterprise application system high portability,high scalability and so on.


In the temperate climate zone in Europe the composition of the diet of predatory vertebrates shows evident variability between the warm and cold season. However, the recently observed climate warming can mitigate the effect of snow cover and low temperatures on the winter foraging ecology of raptors, thus affecting trophic webs in ecosystems. We analysed diet variability in the tawny owl Strix aluco, between the warm and cold seasons of four unusually warm years (as compared to reference years of 1950–2000) in two habitats (forest vs. farmland) in Central Poland. The most important prey group in the tawny owl's diet were mammals, constituting over 80% of prey items. There were distinct diet differences between the two seasons: insectivorous mammals, birds and amphibians were caught more often during the warm season, and Muridae and Arvicolidae during the cold season. The proportion of insectivorous mammals, voles and amphibians was significantly higher in forest than in farmland. Diet diversity, analysed with rarefaction methods and expressed as the expected cumulative mammal species number for a given number of randomly sampled preyed mammals, was independent of season and higher in forest than in the agricultural habitat. We conclude that even during unusually warm years tawny owls change significantly their feeding habits between the warm and cold season. The effect of season, habitat and weather factors on diet variability in raptors are discussed.


The paper by Kang et al. (1) that has been recently published into your journal evaluated a very important topic for the management of COVID-19 infection as the clinical meaning of being re-tested positive in subjects recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Recently much information about the physical conditions in planetary atmospheres has been accumulated through the ground based and space probe observations and various lower atmospheric models have been presented by many authors. Based on these data, we shall investigate the solar-planetary relationships, in particular the upper atmosphere phenomena such as ionospheres and aurorae. As the first step of the analysis, we have already computed the vertical distributions of neutral gases on Venus and Mars,1J by adoptingKaplan's and Goody's models respectively. Kaplan,2l however, recalculated a standard Cytherean atmosphere lately and gave its upper and lower limits, too. As to Mars, Ohring3J constructed a model atmosphere which was considerably different from Goody's one. The extreme range of temperature, pressure and density was also discussed by SchillingY Furthermore, better data for the solar ultrav olet radiation and recombination rates of atmospheric constituents were obtained afterwards. Thus we here reexamine the problem by taking into account these new results. The atmospheres may be composed of N2 and C02. The amounts of 02 and H20 on these planets are shown to be scanty. Then main molecular processes are


A model of indentation of a rigid promontory into weak metasedimentary rocks during Cretaceous convergence is suggested for tectonic evolution of southern part of West Carpathians. An early arcuate cleavage fan has developed in front of northward moving southern rigid basement block. The interaction of the moving indenter with western stationary basement promontory is responsible for development of the boundary‐parallel shear zone along which the main southern indenter is shifted to the east. This results in development of a new steep transpressional cleavage overprinting the early fabric. Eastward displacement of the southern indenter causes the development of a thrust zone parallel to the margin of the eastern stationary promontory. A proposed numerical model of the deformation of a thin viscous sheet in front of oval rigid indenter reliably simulates the development of the observed deformation pattern. Modeled discrete partitioning between the western promontory and the indenting block fully agrees with the observed secondary cleavage associated with the transpressional shear zone. Our numerical model interconnects this complex kinematic frame with finite strain pattern, which was to date possible only for simple boundary conditions. In addition, the model explains the polyphase cleavage patterns in terms of complex shapes of promontories and changes in movements of indenting blocks.


Bacteriological, helminthological and physico-chemical examinations were carried out to investigate the technological procedure in three water treatment plants treating slurry from large-capacity pig farms (Kosická Polianka, Spisské Vlachy, Vel'ký Dur). Our investigations were focused on the testing of effectiveness of mechanical, chemical and biological treatment system most frequently used in Slovakia. Our investigations revealed that water-treatment plants, operating on pig farms, fulfil only the supplies management requirements concerning the treated water, discharged into the recipient. From the hygienic viewpoint further processing or utilization of the solid fraction remains unsolved. This fraction contains considerable concentrations of bacteria and parasitic germs (Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Isospora sp., Eimeria sp.) most of which exhibit high tenacity in the environment. It is recommended to process this solid fraction by composting before it is applied as a manure. However, the measured values did not exceed the reference hygienic limits. The technological stage of chemical treatment, which follows after the separation and utilizes some coagulants (aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate), can increase the chemical load of water stripped of crude organic pollutants, by some undesirable chemical elements.


In this paper, the biological function of the throat, the vocal function of the throat and the main points of vocalism while singing are explained. In the perspective of the scientific relationship between the art of vocal music and the biological dissection, the throat is the key organ of vocalism, which is interpreted rationally.


Rawa Pening Lake is one of the priority lakes facing severe eutrophication and sedimentation problems. Agriculture is one of the problems in Rawa Pening Lake, even though community welfare is the government's policies. For this reason, the development of the economic sector in Rawa Pening catchment area must have advantages, yet information on this is still neglected and limited. The study aims to analyze the leading economic sectors in the Rawa Pening catchment area. The study used the Klassen Typology method to determine the pattern and structure of the economy and the Location Quotient method in determining the economic sector that has a comparative advantage in each sub-district and analysis of sectoral contributions. The data used is secondary data and field observations. The results showed that Bawen Subdistrict was a developed but depressed area, relying on the manufacturing industry sector. Rapidly developing districs (Tuntang, Jambu, Sumowono, and Ambarawa) rely on all economic sectors. The lagging districts (Getasan and Banyubiru) relly on the primary sector. Leading sectors of each district differ depending on resources and comparative advantage. Leading economic sector contribute relatively significantly to economic development in the lake Rawa Pening catchment. The development of the economic sector will be better directed to leading economic sector so that it can attract sector that are not base, especially in the limited resources and allocation of development budgets. In addition, Location Quotient analysis can be used for analysis of areas with natural boundaries such as catchments or watersheds.


The last 15 years have seen the increasing use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and a corresponding increase in our understanding of their mechanisms of action, limitations, and side-effects. Observational studies involving large cohorts of patients over many years are important in highlighting aspects of both safety and efficacy. In this edition of the journal, two papers deal with concerns of safety in relation to the use of subcutaneous interferon beta-1 a.


Soft power has played an increasingly important role in the current international competitions,especially in the competitions of great powers.The construction of national soft power(NSP) corresponding to China's international status has,therefore,become a critical part of China's national strategies in the development towards a great power.An analysis of our comparative advantages and limitations in depth will contribute to upgrading construction of China's targeted NSP.From the perspective of "resource endowment-behavior capacity",China's comparative advantages of NSP construction mainly include the moral justice of socialist ideology,the solid foundation laid by the sustainable and rapid economic development,and the appeals to the developing countries produced by the "Chinese experience" and "Chinese model" during the modernization process.The limitations are mainly shown in the reforms of our domestic political and economic systems which are relatively lagging behind,concerns of certain western countries and neighboring countries about the rapid development of China,and the restraints they pose out of their own needs for global strategy and geographical politics.


The growing incidence of prostate cancer and the traditional use of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) for prostate health led us to compare RCM extracts and to test their efficacy in inhibiting the metastasis of prostate cancer cells. DU145 and PC‐3 cells were treated with unripe RCM ethanol extract (UE), unripe RCM water extract (UH), ripe RCM ethanol extract (RE), or ripe RCM water extract (RH) at concentration of 100 μg/ml for 24 h then matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐9, membrane type 1‐MMP (MT1‐MMP), MT2‐MMP, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1), and TIMP‐2 expressions were assessed by western blot and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Invasion and wound healing assays were also performed. UE and UH treatment significantly reduced wound healing in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, UE and UH treatment decreased MMP‐2 and ‐9 mRNA and protein expressions but increased TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 mRNA and protein expressions. These results suggest that unripe RCM inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by reducing MMPs and inducing TIMPs expression. This research was supported financially by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2009‐0068227)


Species and subpopulation relationships of five Atlantic clupeoid fishes have been examined with a variety of serological approaches. Quantitative studies of erythrocyte antigens have enabled distinction of geographic groups of Atlantic herring and alewives. Use of two erythrocyte antigens detected by absorbed antiserum has indicated that at least two major stocks of immature Atlantic herring exist in the Gulf of Maine. Hemagglutinins in plant extracts have been used to distinguish individual alewives, and quantitative studies of four spawning populations indicate genetic heterogeneity among the groups sampled. Serological relationships of all five clupeoid species have been determined with a variety of methods using serum and erythrocyte antigens. Immunogenetic methods offer a promising approach to taxonomic problems among the clupeoids and other teleost groups.


A corpid is a ring (K, +, ·) , different from zero, such that (K, ·) is an inverse semigroup. We define an order relation and the notion of simple element. By this we prove several results and a characterization of corpids.


AC is relevant; therefore, we read with interest the manuscript from Dr. Kopera in which she reports that an elderly man with biopsy-proven AC was successfully treated with topical 3.75% imiquimod cream twice daily for 2 weeks. We commend the author for exploring a new therapeutic alternative and alerting dermatologists regarding outcomes of AC treatments. AC is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by an atypical proliferation of keratinocytes due to long-term unprotected UV exposure. Although AC can manifest as a single clinical lesion, the whole affected lip is genomically unstable, which is defined as field cancerization, and multicentric carcinogenesis can elicit new AC and malignancy. This characteristic substantiates the treatment of the whole lip, instead of the single AC lesion. Additionally, it explains the inflammatory response and erosions in extensive areas surrounding AC after field treatments, such as imiquimod. Moreover, this instability related to field cancerization hinders the reliable assessment of its activity based only on clinical parameters. The seasonality of UV irradiation can alter the severity of AC, and also moisturizers and sunscreens can reduce scaling and the clinical perception of hyperkeratosis, leading to a false perception of AC improvement. Thus, in assessing the efficacy of treatments, the total clearance of AC lesions should be considered, rather than reductions in the diameter, intensity, and severity of lesions, and evaluated in a parallel controlled design study (side-by-side or head-to-head). Furthermore, the coincidence of the most severe clinical appearance and the most striking histologic alterations in AC occurs only in 50% of cases, compelling the use of histologic parameters to assess the efficacy of AC treatments. The follow-up duration can also influence the clinical perception of the efficacy in therapeutic trials for AC due to the subjacent activity of field cancerization, especially following treatments that promote lip peeling and epithelial renewal. The total clinical clearance of AC was achieved in 73% of patients when 5% imiquimod cream was used three times a week for 4 weeks. However, only 50% total clinical clearance was found in the 6-month follow-up. Furthermore, although a lower concentration of imiquimod allows better adherence to treatment, the sole previous case report on 3.75% imiquimod for the treatment of AC had a follow-up period of only 8 weeks, which raises concerns about recurrence after a longer duration. In conclusion, we encourage the investigation of new topical therapies for AC; however, we advocate using hard outcomes (e.g., histologic normalization and complete clinical clearance) in a controlled design with a prolonged follow-up (≥16 weeks) to assess the efficacy of AC treatments.


Abstract:The creation, components and mission of The Bertrand Russell Research Centre ("brrc") at McMaster University are described. The components are Russell, the Russell Editorial Project's Collected Papers and Russell-l. Plans are being laid to incorporate other activities relevant to Russell Studies.


Wise use of irrigation may help farmers to reduce fungicide applications on vegetable crops. Such a reduction is potentially significant when one considers that irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide use account for more than 50 percent of the energy expended in fresh vegetable production.


The magnetic state of the heliosphere is divided in a Northern and Southern sector by a neutral sheet. For one 11-year cycle, the field North (South) of this sheet points away from (towards) the sun. In the next cycle the field directions are reversed. In the former, qA > 0 drift cycle, positive particles drift from the poles towards the sheet, and radially outward along the sheet. In the opposite qA < 0 cycle, they drift inwards along the sheet, and from there towards the poles.


This article presents a constrained policy optimization approach for the optimal control of systems under nonstationary uncertainties. We introduce an assumption that we call Markov embeddability that allows us to cast the stochastic optimal control problem as a policy optimization problem over the augmented state space. Then, the infinite-dimensional policy optimization problem is approximated as a finite-dimensional nonlinear program by applying function approximation, deterministic sampling, and temporal truncation. The approximated problem is solved by using automatic differentiation and condensed-space interior-point methods. We formulate several conceptual and practical open questions regarding the asymptotic exactness of the approximation and the solution strategies for the approximated problem. As proof of concept, we present numerical examples demonstrating the performance of the proposed method.


BACKGROUND Research into the causes of the mid-twentieth-century baby boom has concluded that the main proximate cause of the fertility increase during the 1940s was earlier and more universal marr ...


Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices are enabling components mainly in the context of higher switching frequencies and/or small footprints in power electronics. However, this trend imposes new challenges on the packaging of the chips. Typical stray elements like inductances become crucial elements in the circuit. In addition, different considerations regarding the thermal design in power modules arise when SiC chips are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the aspects of power density as well as the general utilization of SiC's high temperature capability are important factors in reliable implementation of SiC-based power semiconductors in modern systems. The article will give an insight into how these boundary conditions can be implemented in innovative solutions using SiC chips. Peter Friedrichs, Senior Director SiC, Infineon AG, Erlangen, Germany


Chapter 1: The Voice of Experience. Chapter 2: The Social Context. Chapter 3: Schooling: 'A Culture of Gratitude'. Chapter 4: Post School Education and Training: 'A Long Way to Go'. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations. Appendix 1: Letter from 10 Downing Street (January 1998). Appendix 2: OECDC Report by CERI: Integration of Students with Special Needs into Mainstream Schools -Features of Good Practice.


This work described a process based on the luminescent down shift (LDS) technique, in order to introduce the luminescent organic dye into PVB polymer encapsulant as emergent material for photovoltaic application. For this goal, we propose to study the feasibility to implement the LDS functionality and to identify suitability of available luminescent to be incorporated into the host polymer encapsulant material. The first step to this direction was through a comprehensive optical study of two organic dyes yellow 083 and orange 240 in ethanol solvent. The methodology and experimental conditions such as laboratory polymer preparation and analysis were presented. The absorption spectrum of the prepared PVB material shifts towards longer wavelengths, with increasing organic dye concentration.


The utility model provides a lifting lap machine roller trolley, which comprises a frame and a roller lifting device on the frame, and is characterized by comprising a vertical rack, a cantilever rack, a traverse movement mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a hang hook and a roller rack, wherein the roller rack is arranged on the frame, the vertical rack is arranged on one end of the frame, the top end of the vertical rack is provided with the cantilever rack, the traverse movement mechanism comprises a rolling wheel and a bracket, the rolling wheel of the traverse movement mechanism traversely moves along the cantilever rack, the lifting mechanism is arranged on the bracket of the traverse movement mechanism, and comprises a lifting motor and a rope shaft, the rope shaft is arranged on the lifting motor shaft, the rope shaft is wound with a lifting rope, and one end of the lifting rope is connected to the hang hook. According to the utility model, after the traverse movement motor and the lifting motor are started, the hang hook can move in a two-dimensional space, and the lap machine can be hooked on the hang hook so as to easily move the roller, reduce labor intensity of lap machine roller transportation of workers, easily use, and ensure person and equipment safety.


Course Information The aim of the Diploma in Commerce (leading to business degree in Accountancy, Finance, Marketing, Management, Tourism, Hospitality Management and other business related majors) is to provide students with professional and academic-oriented education which enables them to assume roles in the accounting, finance, marketing, management, tourism and hospitality fields where they can apply their knowledge, techniques and skills.


. In the paper, by using Darbo-Sadovskii fixed point theorem for condensing operators on Fr ´ echet spaces with respect to vector-valued measure of noncompactness, we prove the existence results for the second-order Cauchy problem u (cid:48)(cid:48) ( t ) = f ( t , u ( t )) , t ∈ ( 0 , T ) , u ( 0 ) = u 0 , u (cid:48) ( 0 ) = u 1 , in a scale of Banach spaces. The result is applied to the Kirchhoff equations in Gevrey class.


In the present study occurrence of major insect pests, their behavior and stage of the crop, which found susceptible to these insect pests were considered and likewise treatments were tested. Immediately after emergence of safflower, gujhia weevil found damages the crop, resulted in to the poor plant stand. For managing this pests, increased seed rate by 10 and 15 percent over normal seed rate followed by thinning of damaged plant due to gujhia weevil helped to maintain the normal plant population of plant for obtaining the adequate yield. Being Gujhia weevil a soil dwelling insect pests, soil drenching with Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/l, Neem seed powder @ 200 kg/ha and Phorate 10 % G @ 10 kg/ha at the time of sowing were tested. Second major insect pest of safflower is aphid, observed throughout the cropping stage but most vulnerable stage is the stem elongation, which causes economical loss. In this study targeted the stem elongation stage (40 - 55 days after sowing) of the crop and protected by spraying of Verticillium lecanii @ 5 g/l, Acephate 75 SP @ 1.6 g/l , Quinolphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/l and Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l at 40 days after sowing. Third important pest is capsule borer, occurred at rosette stage of the crop and bud initiation, it was found more detrimental at bud formation stage (70 - 80 days after sowing). Hence sprayed Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/l, Metarhiziumanisopliae @ 5g/l and Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 ml/lit at 70 days after sowing.


The requirements for next-generation power electronic modules and devices imply enhanced energy densities, i.e., interconnection packaging technologies have to guarantee enhanced ampacity and robustness with respect to thermo-mechanical loads. Particularly, the interconnection layers of semi-conductor devices (e.g. MOSFET, IGBT, diodes) play a predominant role in the robustness of power electronic modules. Diffusion soldering (aka "HotPowCon", HPC) is a promising alternative with respect to the above mentioned requirements. HPC consists in the infiltration of a solder alloy melt into a porous copper matrix. The resulting intermetallic phases between copper and the soldering alloy have a melting point high above the standard processing and operating temperatures, and hence, a thermo-mechanically stable interconnection layer is formed. A simulation of this infiltration process requires the modeling of wetting dynamics in complex porous structures for which classical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is limited with respect to computational efficiency. In contrast, the so-called lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which is an indirect solver of the Navier-Stokes equations based on statistical physics, is numerically far more efficient. In this article, we present a simulation approach based on the LBM in order to model the response of infiltration rates on crucial HPC process parameters like viscosity and wettability of the liquid solder alloy, as well as porosity and geometrical properties of the copper matrix. The simulation results show consistency with the analytic Lucas-Washburn law for capillarity-driven flows in porous media. This can be seen as a proof of concept for the application of the LBM on the HPC infiltration process, and thus, the LBM might be the key-component of a future tool-chain for infiltration process optimization with respect to large-scale production demands.


Atom transfer radical emulsion polymerization of styrene using PEG-Cl as macroinitiator under microwave irradiation was successfully conducted and monodispersed nanoparticles were prepared. The PEG-Cl macroinitiator was synthesized, and confirmed by FTIR spectrum. The structure of the PEG-b-PSt diblock copolymer was characterized by 1H-NMR and the number of styrene unit in the diblock copolymer was calculated. The morphology, size, and size distribution of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The effects of the ratio of macroinitiator and monomer, the ratio of catalyst and macroinitiator on the size and size distribution of nanoparticles were investigated. It was found that the diameters of PEG-b-PSt nanoparticles prepared under microwave irradiation were smaller (<50 nm) and more monodispersed than those prepared with conventional heating. Moreover, with the increasing of the ratio of St/PEG-Cl, the hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of the nanoparticles increased and the poly index decreased, both Dh and poly index of the nanoparticles prepared under microwave irradiation were smaller then those prepared with conventional heating; as the concentration of catalyst increased, the Dh of the nanoparticles decreased and the poly index of the nanoparticles increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 481–488, 2008


The invention discloses an aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius measurement system and method, solving the problem that the aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius cannot be accurately measured by using the traditional device. The aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius measurement method is technically characterized in that a converging lens used for bearing large spherical aberration is combined with an auxiliary aplanatism compensating lens group to form an aplanat group used for positioning, an aspherical mirror is accurately positioned at the peep hole of the aplanat group, the aspherical mirror is moved to designated specific position by using a guide rail system to form a detection light path, the auxiliary aplanatism compensating lens group is removed, and the aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius measurement system is formed by the detection light path and a reference light path. In the optical design software such as ZEMAX software and the like, the aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius measurement system is modeled, and the value of the aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius is continuously changed until simulation stripes in a molding system and the wave aberration zernike coefficient of the simulation stripes are consistent with stripes in an experimental measurement system and the wave aberration zernike coefficient of the stripes. The aspherical mirror vertex curvature radius measurement method provides the accurate vertex curvature radius for the high-accuracy surface shape detection.


—White-tailed prairie dog populations and habitats were studied on six towns in Wyoming. Habitats and habitat structure varied greatly both within and between towns. Prairie dog populations on each town were found to fluctuate by more than 50% between consecutive years. Prairie dog density was not significantly related to burrow density indicating that burrow density was not a useful predictor of population density.


Abstract The family of mygalomorph spiders Paratropididae Simon, 1889 is here reported for the first time for Colombia, where it is represented by three genera (Anisaspis, Paratropis, Stormtropisgen. n.) and eight species. One genus, Stormtropis, and six species constitute new taxa that are here diagnosed, described and illustrated. The geographical distribution of Paratropispapilligera FO Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 and Paratropiselicioi Dupérré, 2015 are also redescribed and expanded on the basis of new material examined. The diagnosis of the subfamily Paratropidinae, Paratropis Simon, 1889 and Anisaspis Simon, 1892 are emended including the variations of the new species. Likewise, a geographic distribution map for the entire family and a taxonomic key for the males of Paratropidinae are included. Other biogeographic, morphological, and taxonomic aspects are discussed.


ABSTRACT This article discusses the emergence of the "Anti-Capitalist Muslims" (ACMs) movement as the conjunction of critical Muslim politics and grassroots activism in Istanbul, Turkey. It explores the way in which Islam has been reconstituted in Turkish politics, in contrast to both fundamentalism and the government's neoliberal conservatism. The article draws upon Talal Asad's definition of Islam as a 'tradition' that attempts to achieve coherent narratives in a form which considers and enters into a dialogue with the present context, especially with contemporary social movements. It is argued that, through a dialogue between Islam and anti-capitalist social movements, the ACMs constructed an alternative Islamic tradition, focused especially on emancipation, equality and challenging structures of domination. Yet this alternative tradition proved unable to sustain itself due to the presence of a number of ongoing ridigities, which it is suggested might be addressed in future attempts to construct an anti-capitalist form of Islam.


This study examined the effectiveness of reformulation and model text in a three-stage writing task (composing—comparison—revising) in an EFL writing class in a Beijing university. The study documented 10 university students' writing performance from the composing (Stage 1) and comparing (Stage 2, where students compare their own text to a reformulated version of it and a model text) to the improvement of the written product in the posttest (Stage 3). The findings suggest that the students made more effort in finding the proper language to express their ideas at Stage 1 and were able to notice most differences between their original text and the reformulated one at Stage 2. The students also showed their appreciation of having access to a native model text for a broad range of language input. Unlike most previous studies that examined the role of reformulations, pair discussions, or model texts independently, the present study integrated pair discussions, reformulations and a model text at the comparison stage, which allowed the participants to notice their improper language uses, be exposed to richer language input, and appropriate the noticed native-like language use, resulting in better performance in their revised writings at the posttest.


The numerous examples of the use of human shields in armed conflicts display the contemporaneity of the problem discussed in this article and the need for a recipe to effectively combat the continuing commission of this war crime. In spite of the fact that an absolute prohibition on the use of human shields in international armed conflicts exists, as enshrined in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol I, consequences of unlawful resort to human shields remain inconsistent. Thus, the present article will determine when and under what circumstances attacks carried out against human shields are lawful, and which principles of international humanitarian law must be taken into account by the attacking party.


The chromite deposit of the Paleoproterozoic Ipueira±Medrado sill is hosted in a single, thick (5±8 m), massive layer, which sets severe constraints for the origin of chromitites. It is divided from bottom to top into: (1) a Marginal Zone (5±20 m); (2) an Ultramafic Zone (5250 m) consisting of dunite and harzburgite that host the chromitite layer, in which intercumulus amphibole is important and more abundant toward the top; (3) a Mafic Zone (540 m). The parental magma was large ion lithophile element and light rare earth element enriched and high field strength element depleted. Sm±Nd isotopic compositions are consistent with a 2 Ga age, but suggest a variable initial Nd isotopic composition that correlates with the abundance of amphibole. The more negative eNd (mean ±6 5) of the amphibole-rich intervals argues for crustal contamination, although the eNd (mean ±4 4) of the amphibole-free samples suggests an old, enriched, subcontinental lithospheric mantle source. Chromite separates have initial gOs values that range from ±4 6 to‡3. The negative gOs values are typical of old, Redepleted, lithospheric peridotitic mantle and give Re-depletion model ages of up to 2 75 Ga. An integrated assessment suggests that the very high-Mg parental magma probably originated from Archean, subcontinental, metasomatized, peridotitic lithospheric mantle and was subsequently contaminated with up to 30% of crust, which triggered the chromitite crystallization.


In this article, we develop an interpolation-based algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation with coprime electromagnetic vector-sensor (EMVS) array. First of all, we derive the tensor form coarray output of coprime EMVS array, and perform virtual array interpolation on the output components of the difference coarray. Subsequently, we construct a low-rank third-order augmented tensor using the interpolated uniform linear array output, and derive two important properties for this low-rank tensor in the Fourier domain. Based on these properties, we reconstruct a noise-free third-order augmented tensor by formulating a tensor nuclear norm (TNN) minimization problem. Finally, we derive the closed-form expressions of 2-D DOA and polarization estimates using the reconstructed tensor. Unlike the existing techniques, our approach not only avoids losses in array aperture and degrees-of-freedom, but also exploits the multidimensional structure inherent in the coarray output. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the existing approaches.


A Venice manuscript of the eleventh century (Marcianus Z. L. 497), containing a handbook of the liberal arts, deserves the attention of students of medieval education, for it is connected with a man who was considered one of the most learned scholars of his day. The man is Lawrence of Amalfi. Information on the life of this scholar is meager, but we have glimpses of his literary activity as a monk of Monte Cassino, through writings of his which were preserved in the abbey; much later, after his elevation to the archbishopric of Amalfi and his subsequent exile, we find him taking refuge in Florence, where he wrote a life of a local saint; still later, we hear of him in Rome, teaching the boy Hildebrand, who was to become pope as Gregory VII; and we see him at the close of his life in affectionate friendship with Odilo of Cluny. Yet the renown of the archbishop suffered an eclipse within a century of his death. At Monte Cassino, almost all knowledge of Lawrence's subsequent history (after his leaving the monastery) was lost, and those elsewhere who recorded the few facts known about the archbishop of Amalfi did not connect him with the ancient monastery from which he came. In modern scholarship, Lawrence the monk and Lawrence the archbishop appeared as two distinct figures. Therefore, until Professor Walther Holtzmann brought together the scattered references and, through stylistic analysis, identified the monk of Monte Cassino with the archbishop of Amalfi, even the main outline of the scholarly churchman's career was obscure.


: For a pre-stressed six-axis force sensor, the theoretical analysis and experimental study of fault-tolerant measurement mechanism are carried out. The fault-tolerance characteristic of pre-stressed parallel six-axis force sensor is introduced, with the screw theory and deformation coordination, the mathematic models including fault-free mathematic model and signal fault mathematic model are established, respectively. Moreover, the fault-tolerant measurement principle is revealed. The static calibration algorithm of the pre-stressed parallel six axis force sensor is analyzed, a fault-tolerant calibration method is proposed and the static calibration includes unidirection loading, bidirectional combined loading and sectional loading of the sensor is carried out including the models with and without signal fault. Through analyzing the experimental data, the linear error of the sensor is drawn under different working conditions. The research lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the application of the fault-tolerant six-axis force sensor


At present, the methods of predicting the turning points of GDP fluctuation is difficult to choose suitable influence indexes, and emphasize static function dependency or dynamic propagation of time series so that the static and dynamic information can not be consistently combined. In this paper, hidden Markov model is introduced for predicting the turning points of GDP fluctuation. The real GDP data of China from 1990 to 2013 is used for modeling and the experimental results show that hidden Markov model has good practicability and reliability. Index Terms - GDP, turning point, hidden Markov model, dynamic Bayesian network


We report the fabrication of three-dimensional lattices of bipolar nematic liquid crystal droplets. The electro-optic properties of these materials consist of transitions between opaque, Bragg diffracting, and transparent states. These occur continuously at moderate electric (E) fields through bipolar axis rotation of the nematic droplets. An E field applied normal to the hexagonally close packed planes results in a Bragg diffraction pattern that is polarization independent. Application of in-plane fields allows switching between diffracting and transmitting states that depends on the polarization of the incident light.


Throughout history, there have always been particular groups that have been suppressed, for instance women and blacks. Women's rights activists and abolitionists started off their battle for suffrage together, however, African Americans were enfranchised five decades before women were. This raises the question of how the struggles for racial equality and gender equality have interfered with each other within the Women's Rights Movement. This thesis is intended to find out how African American activists and Women's rights activists have influenced one another while looking at crucial events throughout their history like the Seneca Falls Convention and the Emancipation Proclamation. Therefore, it starts in 1848 with the first women's rights convention in the United States and concludes around 1919, with the enfranchisement of women. Findings show that their relationship has not been rather stable throughout history and that they have hurt one another multiple times, however when they were starting to work together, they did accomplish some incredible achievements.


The article discusses the problems of lexicographical interpretation of process of proverbial phrasal formations in educational-and-entertaining texts. A special communicative way of etymological paraphrasing is offered for this purpose. The author's conception in exemplified.


Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) monolayers have been considered a perfect platform for realizing exciton‐polariton at room temperature due to their direct bandgap and large binding energy of exciton. It is well established that strong coupling depends on the field enhancement induced by optical nanocavity with a high‐quality factor (Q‐factor). In this work, the enhanced strong coupling between the exciton of TMDC monolayer and the cavity resonance based on a symmetry protected magnetic dipole (MD) bound state in the continuum (BIC) and electric toroidal dipole (TD) BIC is demonstrated. It is found that strong coupling can be realized between the exciton in a TMDC monolayer and quasi‐BIC (QBIC) by varying the incidence angle, period of the grating, the width of the slit, and the position of the slit for symmetry protected BIC. Besides, strong coupling between exciton and TD BIC is also demonstrated by integrating a WSe2 monolayer onto a compound grating. It is found that Rabi‐splitting strongly depends on the location of TMDC monolayer, Q‐factor of the resonator, and the thickness of the structure. By carefully adjusting these three critical parameters, Rabi‐splitting can be up to 38 (1L‐WSe2), 65 (1L‐WS2), 40 (1L‐MoSe2), and 60 meV(1L‐MoS2).


The research aims to analyse the level of Community financial literacy in prosperous and II families based on the factors of job type, income, and education in Wagir subdistrict, Malang district. The population in research was 8,832 farmers in the district Wagir. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling through a Slovin formula with a total of 100 respondents. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and tabulation or tabularis technique. The results showed that the level of financial literacy of farmers in prosperous family I is still relatively low compared to the family of prosperous II seen from the factors of job type, level of education, and income. The prosperous family I have a low financial literacy rate on the type of work, income, and education level of the comparative family of prosperous II that has a level of financial literacy is moderate or good enough. Through side work, they are indirectly able to manage finances and improve financial behavior through considerable information related to products and financial institutions through co-workers and the environment. The higher the level of education, the higher the financial literacy of a person., it is due to more contact during learning programs through financial and economic subjects that have a positive influence on the practice of Financial behavior and improvement of the day. The higher the income level will affect the individual's financial behavior through the provision of some income to invest, save, or prepare pension funds.


Introduction 1. Contesting the World-Making Prejudice 2. Fragmented Activities, Fragmented Lives 3. Fluency in Practical Thinking 4. Savoring Time: Pleasure and Unreserved Activity 5. The Primacy of Good 6. Against Modern Dualism about the Good 7. Virtues and Other Selves 8. The Virtues in Theory and Practice


With the development of economy, the seam tracking technology for arc welding becomes one of the major research tasks in the manufacturing area with robots. In this study, the objectives aim to develop an intelligent and cost-effective algorithm based on the laser vision sensor for image processing in Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding. Images of welded seam were captured from the CCD camera. These images were then processed by the algorithms in the proposed image processing. To optimize the effective image process, popular algorithms in use were verified, compared and finally selected for every step in the image processing. Moreover, owing to the simple interactive environment and abundant toolboxes, MATLAB was employed to realize those algorithms, which offer a sample for engineers to achieve the goal of algorithm developed by this new but easier approach. Finally, weld seam images obtained with different welding environments were processed to enhance the proposal validity, and it's proved to have significant effect of getting rid of the variable noises to extract the feature points and centerline for seam tracking in GMA welding and is capable for industrial application.


The domain-switching behavior of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) during mechanical cyclic loading between 10 and 150 MPa was investigated by in situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction. The domain-switching behavior was represented by a change of the pole density distribution during cycling. With increasing number of cycles, domain switching becomes saturated, correlating with a decrease in the rate of remnant strain accumulation in the stress–strain curve. Moreover, a relationship was demonstrated between the macroscopic strain and that developed from ferroelastic domain switching. The contribution of ferroelastic strain to the macroscopic strain was calculated from an orientation average of the domain switching distributions and the c/a ratio. The results show that nearly 80% of macroscopic strain arises from ferroelastic domain switching during mechanical cyclic loading.


The combination of desirable polymer properties and methods for synthesis, utilizing materials with various architectures, could be adopted for diverse clinical applications such as wound healing as well as stem cell differentiation. Natural polymers, particularly polysaccharides, are biocompatible and are reported to have structural similarities with extracellular matrix components. In this scenario, the present study fabricated a porous scaffold using a polysaccharide, galactoxyloglucan, isolated from Tamarind seed kernel, and studied its applications in stem cell attachment and wound healing. In-growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) presented a rounded morphology with increased proliferation. Scaffolds were surface-functionalized with silver nanoparticles to increase the antibacterial activity and the wound healing potential evaluated in preclinical mouse models. The current study provides an insight into how stem cells attach and grow in a naturally derived low-cost polysaccharide scaffold with antibacterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties.


Article history: Received: April 8, 2020 Received in revised format: April 25 2020 Accepted: May 14, 2020 Available online: May 14, 2020 The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between Human Resources Management Practices (HRMP) and Job Engagement with mediating role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in Telecommunications companies in Jordan (Zain, Orange, Umniah). The researcher relied on descriptive analytical method to analyze and classify the data to achieve the objectives of the study and to identify the variables of the study. A total of (270) questionnaires are sent out to the top and middle management of Jordanian telecom companies in Amman (Zain, Orange, Umniah), 9 questionnaires are excluded, as they were not valid for statistical analysis. The number of questionnaires analyzed are 261 (96.7%). The results showed that there was an impact of the dimensions (Jobs analysis and description, Selection and recruitment, Training, Performance appraisal) on Job Engagement and Psychological Capital. Also, the results indicate an impact of Psychological Capital on Job Engagement and there is a partial impact of the Psychological Capital, that is, there is an impact of Human Resources Management Practices through the moderator variable (Psychological Capital). © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada


Gamma ray spectra following the capture of 0.7, 1.7, and 2.6 MeV neutrons in Tl and Hg, of 0.7 and 2.6 MeV neutrons in Ta, and of 2.6 MeV neutrons in Au were measured with a NaI detector. The spectral distributions were obtained by unfolding the detector response function, and γ-ray strength functions were deduced for Tl, Au, and Ta by a spectrum fitting method. The strength functions in Tl and Au, when compared with the Lorentzian predictions, show a strong decrease below ~5 MeV and in Tl there is a resonance-like structure at ~5.5 MeV. No such structure is found in the strength function for Ta. This behavior is qualitatively interpreted in terms of recent particle–hole calculations.


The economic climate raised the profile for print and document output as the 'last unmanaged frontier' when it comes to optimising IT infrastructure. Now, more than ever, companies are calling on managed print services (MPS) to save money and spur growth.


S D159 OGURA, H. 40 SUZUKI M. 31 OHASHI, K. 41 OHASHI, M. 14 TAI, S. 6 OHGUSHI, K. 46 TAJIMA, Y. 23 OHURA, K. 28 TAKAHASHI, J. 44 OKADA M. 11 TAKAZOEF,. 10 OKAZAKI, M. 44 TAKEBE, H. 18 ONOKI, M. 41 TAKEUCHI, M. 16 OOYA, K. 43 TANABE, T. 47 OSHIMA, H. 15 TANAKA,T. 37 TANI, Y. 16 RHEE G.H. 9 TAWA T. 32 RYOKAWA, H. 3 TOMIOKA, K. 15 TOYOTA, M. 8 SAGAWA, H. 7 TSUBAKIMOTO, K. 23 SAKADA, S. 22 TSUCHITANI, Y. 13 SAKAKI T. 32 Tsuji, Y. 50 SAKAN, I. 18 TSURU, H. 36 SAKOMOTO,T. 4 SASAKI, H. 36 UCHIYAMA, Y. 37 SASAKI, S. 48 UEHA, T. 34 SATO,K. 43 UEMURA, S. 2 SATO, S. 35 UMEMOTO T. 7 SHIBA, Y. 19 UTSUMI, N. 23 SHIMIZU, M. 47 SHIMIZU, N. 23 WANG, Y. 23 SHIMOKAWA, H. 48 SHINODA, H. 40 YAMADA, S. 19, 38 SHINPO, R. 41 YAMAMOTO, H. 43 SLADE, H.D. 6 YAMAMOTO, K. 50 SUGAWARA, J. 4 YAMASAKI, K. 30 SUGIMURA T. 17 YOSHIMURA, K. 33 Vol 56 1977 at SAGE Publications on June 21, 2016 For personal use only. No other uses without permission. jdr.sagepub.com Downloaded from D160 JA PANESE DIVISION 1 Ultrastructural Study of the Effect of Triamcinolone on the Palatal Shelf Prior to Fusion in Mice. K.Kurisu and M.Akai, Dept. Oral Anat., Fac. Dent., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan Previous study by the present authors on surface structure of the same region of triamcinolone(TC)-treated mice using SEM suggested that TC did not block the epithelial degeneration but delayed the initiation of it. The present study was undertaken to obtain detailed information on the effect of TC on the cytoplasm of epithelial and mesenchymal cells of palatal shelf using transmission electron microscope. The specimens obtained from the control embryos of day 14 and from those of day 14-19 mothers of which were treated with TC from day 11 to 14 with daily dose of 2.4mg/kg. Degenerative changes of epithelial cells of the medial edge of the shelves began on day 15, which was about one day later than control embryos. By day 17 the epithelial cells in the same region showed more advanced degeneration, occasional dead epithelial cells appearing to be extruded to intercellular space. In the same region, the basal lamina became discontinuous while in the oral and nasal region of the palatal shelves a firm epithelium-connective tissue attachment developed. As gestation progressed, no degenerating cells remained by day 19. These results are consistent with those reported by Morgan('76) in rat embryos with cleft palate induced by Meclozine or amniotic sac puncture. 3 Relative growrth study on the craniofacial structure and bone maturation. H. RYOKAWA*, K. HANADA and T. FUKUHARA. Dept. of Orthodontics, Niigata Univ. School of Dentistry, Japan. Growth prediction of the craniofacial structures, especially of the mandible is of great importance to the diagnosis, planning and retention for the orthodontic treatment. Allometric relation between Bone Maturity Index (BMI) and growth of the craniofacial morphology was studied using lateral cephalograms, hand wrist X-ray and simultaneously measured stature taken from 175 males and 169 females aged from 6 to 15 years. The results are as follows; 1) High correlation was found among hand wrist BMI, stature and craniofacial structures. 2) BMI is meaningful as biological time scale upon evaluation of maturity rate of the craniofacial structures and implies growth potential of the subjects. 3) After 100% of the BMI reading, maturation changes of the stature and craniofacial structures could be measured. 4) Ossification of the pisiform especially in the females provides a clue for estimating the initiation time of the prepuberal growth in the craniofacial structures and stature. 5) Ossification and maturation times of the sesamoid indicate the period of the puberal growth in the craniofacial structures and stature. 2 Roentgenoanatomical Study on Alveolar Cleft. S.UEMURA* and H.FUCHIHATA Department of Oral Radiology, Osaka University Dental School, Osaka,Japan The radiographical examination of premaxillary region in cleft lip patients reveals a varying degree of the cleft of the premaxilla which may result in deformity of the naris,alveolus and numerical or morphological abnormality of the teeth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cleft or incomplete fusion of the premaxillary region in relation to the cleft lip. Sixty-four cleft lip patients were subjected to standardized radiographic examination. Submucous bone cleft were classified into 3 characteristic groups based on the radiographic findings of them,asymmetry of the anterior nasal spine and anterior nasal fossa. Patients with complete cleft lip showed total bone cleft through out the alveolar bone(96%) or partially clear bony defect with narrow white line or radiolucent line(4%). While in the cases of incomplete cleft lip,extent of the cleft were various and hypoplasia of bone with increased radiolucency(5%), partially clear bony defect with(41%) or without(22%) evidence of total cleft, or total alveolar bone cleft(16%) were revealed. It was strongly suggested that all cases of cleft lip revealed bony changes in various extent, even if no alveolar cleft could be detected clinically and that the extent of cleft lip was not always in proportion to that ol alveolar cleft. 4 Developmental Image Processing System for Pattern Analysis of*Cranio-Facial Structure. J. SUlGAWARA and T. SAKAMOTO. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. On the roentgenocephalometric analysis of the cranio-facial structure by the computer system, the digitizing input method needs a lot of time and labor to input many landmarks on a picture traced manually on a acetate film. To cover these shortage, the line drawing input method is useful. In this method, a whole traced picture can be directly input into the computer without lining the landmarks plotted. Reading of the line draiwing is practiced with the drum scanner. 'Thinning" of line drawina is carried out by reducing the unnecessary data, which was included in the initial data of line drawing amounted to 60,000 points at the first step. Beside the line drawing, the important landmarks can be simultaneously read on the X-Y co-ordinate by plotting them on the line drawing with the thick ink, and additional landmarks can be input on the screen of graphic display. j Detit Res Speci'al Isstie D at SAGE Publications on June 21, 2016 For personal use only. No other uses without permission. jdr.sagepub.com Downloaded from


This article argues that the targeting of certain narratives of womanhood, those deemed 'respectable' and 'responsible', operated as a key performative and affective strategy during the Irish 2018 Referendum on the 8th Amendment of the Irish Constitution. When the Referendum to 'repeal the 8th' amendment was announced, both pro-choice and pro-life campaigns affiliated themselves with idealised imagery, narratives and performative strategies that focused on outdated patriarchal heterosexual constructions of 'good' women, i.e., respectable and responsible women, with the intention of convincing middle-ground voters. Pro-life and pro-choice campaigns in Ireland are deeply oppositional; that both sides identify the performativity of respectability and responsibility as the most influential narrative to convince the electorate signals that the conception of embodied womanhood and the traditional heterosexual family remains inextricably linked with idealised nationhood, entrenched with ideological, affective, political, cultural, and personal power. 'Think Outside My Box' is a call to cut ties that intersect with the foundational myth of modern Irish nationhood, and, female embodiment and representation in the twenty-first century.


Nontrivial k-dependence of the orbital polarization ($\Delta E_{xz}(k)$, $\Delta E_{yz}(k)$) in the orthorhombic phase, such as the sign-reversal of the orbital splitting between $\Gamma$- and X-points in FeSe, provides significant information to understand the nematicity in Fe-based superconductors. To solve this problem, we analyze the multiorbital Hubbard models in the orbital-ordered state by extending the orbital-spin fluctuation theory. The present theory describes the spontaneous symmetry breaking with respect to the orbital polarization and spin susceptibility self-consistently. In the orbital-ordered state in FeSe, we obtain the two Dirac cone Fermi pockets in addition to the sign reversal of the orbital polarization, consistently with experiments. The orbital-order in Fe-based superconductors originates from the strong orbital-spin interplay due to the Aslamazov-Larkin processes.


We present a theoretical and numerical framework to compute bifurcations of equilibria and stability of slender elastic rods. The 3D kinematics of the rod is treated in a geometrically exact way by parameterizing the position of the centerline and making use of quaternions to represent the orientation of the material frame. The equilibrium equations and the stability of their solutions are derived from the mechanical energy which takes into account the contributions due to internal moments (bending and twist), external forces and torques. Our use of quaternions allows for the equilibrium equations to be written in a simple quadratic form and solved efficiently with an asymptotic numerical continuation method. This finite element perturbation method gives interactive access to semi-analytical equilibrium branches, in contrast with the individual solution points obtained from classical minimization or predictor-corrector techniques. By way of example, we apply our numerics to address the specific problem of a naturally curved rod under extreme twisting and perform a detailed comparison against our own precision model experiments of this system. Excellent quantitative agreement is found between experiments and simulations for the underlying 3D buckling instabilities and the characterization of the resulting complex configurations.


A one-pot regioselective bis-Suzuki-Miyaura or Suzuki-Miyaura/Sonogashira reaction on 2,4-dibromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole under microwave heating was developed. This method is applicable to a wide range of (hetero)arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes. Additionally, this approach provides a simple and efficient way to synthesize 2,4-disubstituted 5-nitroimidazole derivatives with antibacterial and antiparasitic properties.


Often software in robotics systems is susceptible to unexpected and unforeseen behaviors called off-nominal behaviors (ONBs) and these ONBs can affect the reliability or safety of the systems. While some work is done on exposing ONBs in a system, there has been little research conducted on exposing ONBs when multiple robots perform a task together. In this paper, we propose a combinatorial based approach to expose ONBs in such multi-robot coordination tasks during the requirements engineering phase. Our approach separates system level analysis and coordination level analysis, and generates combinations that need to be manually analyzed for ONBs. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted an empirical study with a set of requirements that have three coordination tasks. The results of our study show that our approach offers a means for ONB knowledge acquisition and reduces significant human effort and time required for exposing ONBs.


A report on three dimensional view of the corn stunt spiroplasma - CSS (Spiroplasma kunkelii), the causal agent of corn stunt disease, by scanning electron microscopy of freeze fractured leaves from infected maize (Zea mays) plants is presented. CSS was easily recognized in the sieve tubes because of its characteristic helical shape. The spiroplasma measured 0.2-0.3 μm wide and 2-5 μm long. In favorable cases it was possible to observe them crossing the sieve pores. Immunogold labeling experiments were carried out in thin sections of aldehyde-fixed and LRWhite-embedded leaf tissues from corn stunt-infected plants, using antibodies produced against pure culture of S. kunkelii. Colloidal gold particles were mostly present on the membrane of the single-membrane bounded corpuscles in the lumen of the sieve tubes, confirming that they represent S. kunkelii in situ. In some few samples, phage like particles were found either outside or inside the spiroplasma and may represent phages already reported in pure cultures.


This paper presents the Maestro tools for rapid development of reliable, interoperable, object-oriented distributed applications. The tools include IIOP-conformant Object Request Broker with an open architecture supporting multiple execution styles/request processing policies. The Replicated Updates execution style implemented in Maestro can be used to add reliability/high availability properties to client/server CORBA applications in settings where it is not feasible to make any modifications at the client side. Measurements over Horus group communication system have shown that Maestro offers good performance with little overhead for reliability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


OBJECTIVE
To report the seizure of Laelaps echidninus on the surface of Apodemus agrarius in Wuhu area for the first time, which prompts that there may exist the spread of the diseases by mites.

METHODS
The mites got from the rats poisoned by bait were made as the routine slide specimen and then identified with the reference of previous literature.

RESULTS
The mites seized from Apodemus agrarius were 8 female ones totally and identified as Laelaps echidninus.

CONCLUSIONS
There exsits Laelaps echidninus parasitic on the body of Apodemus agrarius in Wuhu area, which should be paid attention to seriously in order to prevent the spread of diseases by it.


Introduction Hip and knee arthroplasty present surgeons with difficult bone loss. In these cases the use of morselized allograft is a well established way of optimizing early implant fixation. In revisions, the surgical field is potentially infected. The use of allograft bone creates a "dead space" in which the immune system has impaired access, and even a small amount of bacteria may therefore theoretically increase the risk of infection. In vivo studies have shown that allograft bone is suitable as a vehicle of local antibiotic delivery. We hypothesized that the allograft bone could be used as a local antibiotic delivery vehicle without impairing the implant fixation, tested by mechanical push-out. Material and Methods Following approval of the Institutional Animal Care and use Committee we implanted a cylindrical (10×6 mm) porous-coated Ti implant in each distal femur of 12 dogs observed for 4 weeks. The implants were surrounded by a circumferential gap of 2.5 mm impacted with a standardized volume of morselized allograft. In the two intervention groups, 0.2ml tobramycin solution of high (800mg/ml) and low (200mg/ml) concentration was added to the allograft, respectively. In the control group 0.2ml saline was added to the allograft. ANOVA-test was applied followed by paired t-test where appropriate. A p-value Results The impregnation of allograft bone revealed a relative decrease in biomechanical fixation. The decrease was higher in the high dose group than in the low dose group. The most extreme difference was a decrease in strength by 18% (P = 0,511), stiffness 15% (P = 0,135) and energy absorption 27% (P = 0,784). Conclusion The result shows a trend towards a decrease in implant fixation correlating with the antibiotic concentration. Although the results are not statistically significant the use of antibiotic impregnation should be used with caution until further reaserch has been conducted.


The Politics of Citizenship in Europe. By Howard Marc Morje. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 256 pp. $24.99 (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-69127-7).

Marc Howard's The Politics of Citizenship in Europe makes a significant contribution to the literature on comparative citizenship. By breaking down citizenship legislation into component parts and measuring these empirically, Howard provides the framework for a systematic comparison of citizenship policies across Europe and beyond. Existing works have been largely structured around the close comparison of a small number of cases (Joppke 1999; Rubio-Marin 2000). The comparison of cases has also been stymied by an overreliance on strict ethnic vs. civic dichotomies. Even the citizenship laws of France and Germany, the paradigmatic cases of jus soli and jus sanguinis analyzed by Brubaker (1992), contain both civic and ethnic elements. Moreover, some countries with restrictive citizenship policies, including Germany, have liberalized their citizenship policies over the last decade owing to domestic and international pressures. Howard's comparative framework facilitates comparisons across both space and time.

The main contribution of the book is the "empirical baseline" provided by Howard's Citizenship Policy Index (CPI). The CPI measures three important components of citizenship legislation: whether citizenship is awarded by birth, the length of residency necessary to naturalize, and whether those who naturalize can hold dual citizenship. CPI scores are calculated for the EU-15—the pre-2004 members of the European Union—at two points in time: the late 1980s and 2008. This allows Howard to study the origins …


This collection of papers by William Bright (several in collaboration with other scholars) forms the tenth in the Language Science and National Development Series sponsored by the Linguistic Research Group of Pakistan beginning in 1970. The scope of the series encompasses sociolinguistics and related disciplines with previous volumes collecting works by Charles Ferguson, Joseph Greenberg, John Gumperz, Einar Haugen, Wallace Lambert, Joshua Fishman, Susan Ervin-Tripp, Eugene Nida, and Yuen Ren Chao. Taken together, the volumes in this series give an impressive account of the current state of the art in sociolinguistics, bringing together papers which have appeared in diverse places over a period of many years. The series format contributes substantially to assessment of the work of William Bright in that it includes a full bibliography, biographical introduction, and references to the original places of publication (although these are grouped together at the beginning of the volume and are difficult to correlate with the individual articles). This volume presents eighteen papers written by William Bright between 1952 and 1976, with one on areal linguistic features of North American languages written (in collaboration with Joel Sherzer) specifically for this volume. The papers are divided into three sections: ethnoand sociolinguistics, south Asia, and North America. In fact, however, theoretical insights are found throughout, and a chronological arrangement might have been more adequate in capturing the progress of Bright's thinking. In his postscript, which actually forms something of an introductory context, Bright notes that he first realized the importance of language variation and contact while working in India and only later came to realize its salience in North America and as a general process. This generalization is partially obscured by the ordering of papers. Bright's concluding remark that the spirit of Edward Sapir infuses his own mentalist and humanistic understanding of the connection between language and social life is also notable in providing context for the volume as a whole. The general editor's comment (xiii) does little to bring out the theoretical themes which recur:


With the technology advancement nowadays, new things arise in our daily lives. For example, e-commerce site abandon traditional concept where transactions happened physically and transformed to the concept of distance selling or telemarketing. Several advantages of this online transaction is that the transacation can be done for 24 hours without time and region llimitation. However, e-commerce can also cause a lot of risk of loss, such as misuse of the data of the parties in the e-commerce. This thesis to investigate and analyze how commercial code regulates insurance relating to electronic transactions over the Internet, identify and analyze who are the parties innvolved, and analyze the causes of the need for insurance in electronic commerce transactions specifically in Indonesia. Research methods in use in the writing of this paper is the normative legal research method aims to find a clear legal basis in putting the issues raised, in particular KUHD perspective on issues related to the implementation of the insurance business transactions through the Internet (E-Commerce). In conclusion, e-commerce transaction is an object that can be insured, because all the related activities may cause loss to the party involved


The airway epithelium plays a central role in respiratory physiology through its transport and immunological functions. Our previous study suggested that P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in airway epithelia and play a significant role in regulating transepithelial ion transport. P2Y receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors classically signal through Gq, resulting in an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activation of Ca2+‐dependent downstream signaling pathway. In addition, P2Y receptors are also involved in asthmatic inflammation.


Elastic optical networking has emerged as a promising technology to accommodate high-capacity and dynamic bandwidth demands of next-generation wireless networks. However, the nonlinear impairments affect the network performance in terms of system reach distance, spectral efficiency and network utilization. The nonlinear impairments are currently assigned a fixed reference margin based on a worst case estimation which results in sub-optimal spectrum utilization. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel load-aware nonlinearity estimation model which is more accurate compared to the fixed reference margin and is shown to reduce request blocking ratio. We further present a routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (RMSA) solution using the proposed nonlinearity model. Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency


Flow volume loop and its various indices can be used to diagnose UAO. Change in posture from sitting to horizontal position per se causes a decrease in effort dependent inspiratory and expiratory flow rates but no significant change in upper airway obstruction indices. Thus, measurement of FVL in supine posture may be used to detect UAO as it may be missed if spirometry is performed in sitting posture.


Interests give an important role in the learning process, because the interest is the determining factor that students be successful in learning. As long as it is in the process of learning the IPA, the student interest is less due to the abstract nature of much of the material and the use of minimal media. Interest would arise if students are interested in something that is needed. To realize the interests of students, the teacher must be creative in presenting lessons, one using the comic medium. Comic Media's images and other symbols that are arranged together in a specific rule that aims to convey information and/or achieve aesthetic responses from its readers. The existence of comics as media learning resources and support materials will facilitate the students in the learning process, especially in the effort to learning concepts that are presented in the form of abstract in the theory course and the need for the representation of concrete. Through the medium of comics attempted to solving problems in the learning process so that the learning process can run effective, efficient and engaging. Key Words : interest, comic media's , process of learning the IPA


Insufficient participation of young people is a major problem occurring in the field of administrative law. This article is devoted to the analysis of national and international legal regulations in the field of youth participation in public life. The basic assumption of the analysis is that the youth has great potential, which is not used. Given the right opportunities and tools, young people are able to diversify and raise public discussion on the functioning of the city and the region. But the activity of young people in local and regional life depends on the commitment of local authorities to provide appropriate instruments to enable them to take action. If young people have the right tools and enjoy the appropriate conditions for getting involved, they are able to realize a number of innovative projects noticeable even abroad. At a time when young people have a sense of real possibility to change their immediate environment, they are getting even more involved in the public life of their region.