The objective of this study is to adapt and test a community pharmacy educational program for diabetes patients. In the study; The sample consisted of 24 type 2 and 14 type 1 diabetes patients on monotherapy, without severe complications. A patient satisfaction questionnaire (WHO five wellbeing index) was applied in the beginning and at the end of the survey. A five-month education was conducted on common problems and complications of diabetes. The whole program costs were calculated per patient and costeffectiveness ratio was presented. Improvement was observed in patients' diabetes knowledge in both groups, decrease in the frequency of minor hypoglycemic incidents (about 60% less for type 2 and 5% less in type 1diabetes group) and the blood glucose level (statistically significantly in type 2 diabetes patients). The total quality of life according to WHO index increased significantly from 29 to 44% and from 58.57 to 70.28% in diabetes type 2 and 1 patients respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio calculated on the basis of the intermediate result that is decrease in the blood glucose level per patient is 7.5€ and for type 2 and 42,86 € for type 1 diabetic patients. Introduction of the education program has the potential to decrease the minor diabetes complications and from there the economic cost of the diabetes as well to improve patient satisfaction and will promote the pharmacies as a source of health education and should be encouraged through the general reimbursement system.


Let h 1(u),…, hk (u) be Laurent polynomials of m-variables and let be a non-degenerate complete intersection variety. Such an intersection variety appears as an exceptional divisor of a resolution of non-degenerate complete intersection varieties with an isolated singularity at the origin (Ok4]).


Abstract – The efficiency of induction motors decreases at light loads. Efficiency optimizer control systems adjust the motor flux value to achieve the best efficiency in a wide range of load variations. Reduced flux operation has some other benefits such as power factor improvement and torque ripple reduction. The latter is an important issue in a direct torque controlled induction motor drive. In this paper, the effect of flux reference value on the torque ripple of a direct torque controlled induction motor is analyzed. The effect of flux value on torque ripple in a wide range of speed variations is investigated. Simulation and the experimental results presented justify the validity of the theoretical analysis about torque ripple.


World wide there is a transition towards knowledge-based economies In order to foster them, many economies have built frameworks in conjunction with world forums that promote international cooperation. Our research focuses on Australia, an economy that has been named by the OECD as knowledge-based. Specifically, the paper appraises the transition towards knowledge economies in general. We then examine the Australian context through the implemented eEurope framework with the intent of providing suggestions to Australia in its transition towards building its knowledge management framework.


1. Yamada T, Iwao N, Kasamatsu H,Mori H. A case of malignant lymphoma of the ovary manifesting like advanced ovarian cancer. Gynaecol Oncol. 2003;90:215–19. 2. Charlton I, Norris HS, King FM. Malignant reticuloendothelial disease involving the ovary as a primary manifestation: a series of 19 lymphomas and 1 granulocytic sarcoma. Cancer. 1974;34:397–407. 3. Manterroso V, Jaffe ES, Merino MJ, Medeiros CJ. Malignant lymphomas involving the ovary: a clinicopathologic analysis of 39 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:154–70. 4. Fox H, Langley FA, Govan ADT, Hill AS, Bennett MH. Malignant lymphoma presenting as an ovarian tumor: a clinicopathologic analysis of 34 cases. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988;95:386–90. 5. Linden MD, Tubbs RR, Fishleder AJ, Hart WR. Immunotypic and genotypic characterization of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the ovary. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988;90:156–62.


Corneal ulcers are one of the most common eye affection in domestic animals, especially dogs. In preclinical studies, porcine corneas were used regularly as an animal model due to its relative similarity to human cornea and its availability in great numbers from slaughter houses. In the present study, decellularised porcine cornea was used for corneal grafting as an acellular scaffold graft material in a case presented with deep corneal ulcer. The efficiency of the graft material was analysed on the day of presentation, days 7, 14, 21 and 60 post grafting, based on corneal clarity, oedema, neovascularisation, pigmentation, visual function and scar tissue formation. Decellularised porcine corneas were found to be very convenient to handle during surgery, provided good tectonic support, had good tissue biocompatibility and produced only mild to moderate graft opacity.


We evaluated oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage in acromegaly patients in a follow-up study at a public tertiary health service. Acromegaly patients in follow up at a public tertiary health service from 2012 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers were selected as control group. OS was evaluated in plasma and peripheral lymphocytes by determining total antioxidant capacity (TAP), lipophilic antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. DNA damage was determined using the comet test. Fifteen acromegaly patients and 19 healthy individuals were included. Considering IGF1 levels<1.3 the upper limit of the normal range as disease under control, 20% of individuals were uncontrolled for the disease. No significant difference in total carotenoid levels, TAP, or DNA damage was found between groups Original Research Article Bonini et al.; AJRRE, 3(1): 12-20, 2020; Article no.AJRRE.56979 13 (respectively, 62.8 and 46, p=0.13; 51.3 and 43.5, p=0.093; 41.4.0 and 47.2, p=0.15). On the other hand, median MDA levels in the acromegaly group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.44 and 0.977, respectively; p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test). A subgroup comparison within acromegaly patients revealed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between those with normal or increased IGF1 levels, with or without metabolic syndrome, or with or without use of statin (0.4 vs. 0.436, 0.42 vs. 0.5 and 0.533 vs, 0.413, respectively). Acromegaly patients when compared with a healthy control group did not present significantly higher levels of OS, antioxidants and DNA damage. However, most patients included in our study achieved disease control.


Icariin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen derived from Herba Epimedii , has been reported to exert estrogenic effects in bone and activate phosphorylation of estrogen receptor (ER) α in osteoblastic cells. However, it is unclear if icariin selectively exerts estrogenic activities in bone without inducing undesirable effects in other estrogen sensitive tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the tissue-selective estrogenic activities of icariin in estrogen sensitive tissues in vivo and in vitro . Long-term treatment with icariin effectively prevented bone of OVX rats from estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporotic changes in bone structure, bone mineral density and trabecular properties. Moreover, icariin regulated transcriptional event of estrogen responsive genes related to bone remodeling and prevented dopaminergic neurons against OVX-induced changes by rescuing expression of estrogen-regulated tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter in striatum. Unlike estrogen, icariin did not induce estrogenic effects in uterus and breast in mature OVX rats or immature CD-1 mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that icariin exerted estrogen-like activities, regulated the expression of estrogen-responsive genes but did not induce estrogen response element-dependent luciferase activities in ER-positive cells. Our results support the hypothesis that icariin, through its distinct mechanism of actions in activating ER, selectively exerts estrogenic activities in different tissues and cell types. Abbreviations : ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase; AP-1, Activator Protein-1; BMD, Bone Mineral Density; BS/BV, Bone Surface over Bone Volume; BV/TV, Bone Volume over Total Volume; C3, Complement Component 3; DAT, Dopamine Transporter; ERE: Estrogen Response Element; ERs, Estrogen Receptors; GPER, G-protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor; HH3, Histone H3; HRT, Hormone Replacement OPG, Osteoprotegerin; OVX, Ovariectomy; PD, Parkinson's Disease; PLB, Passive Lysis Buffer; RANKL, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand; SERMs, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Tb.N, Trabecular Number; Tb.Th, Trabecular Bone Thickness; Tb.Sp, Trabecular Separation; TH, Tyrosine Hydroxylase. at -80 ℃ . Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine and blood was collected from rat abdominal aorta at sacrifice and aliquots of serum were stored at -80 ℃ . Serum level of estradiol was measured by Estradiol EIA Kit according to manufacturer's instruction (CayMan, Cat#582251). Uterus was freshly collected, weighed and stored at -80 ℃ for further measurement. Bilateral striatum were freshly isolated and stored at -80 ℃ . The whole left leg and spine were collected and stored at -20 ℃ for micro-computed tomography (μCT). The right leg was freshly collected and stored at -80 ℃ after removal of all soft tissues. The breast tissue together with its surrounding skin was collected in 4% paraformaldehyde and fixed for 6 hours for Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E ) staining. Our study attempted to compare and contrast the effects of icariin with those of estradiol in estrogen sensitive tissues. Recent studies indicated that both nuclear ER and non-nuclear ER signaling pathway are essential for mediating the effects of estrogen in bone tissues as blocking the ability of localizing ER  to the cell membrane (with point mutation in the palmitoylation site, so called Nuclear Only-ER (NOER) mice) greatly reduced the responses of trabecular bone to estrogen in female mice [26]. Our present study suggests that icariin acts differently from estrogen in bone as it could only partially restored OVX-induced bone loss in OVX rats and did not induce ERE activity in bone cells. Our study also compared the effects of estrogen and icariin in striatum, a main part of substantia nigra-striatum dopaminergic system that regulate the reward and movement. Both estrogen and icariin protected against changes induced by estrogen deficiency in OVX rats and restored tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNA and protein expression in striatum, two key proteins involved in dopamine metabolism. The present study also showed that icariin induced cell viability, but not ERE-activity, in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These results are in line with our previous studies that reported the neuroprotective effects of icariin in dopaminergic MES23.5 cells mediated by PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways [27] and MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced OVX mice Parkinson's disease (PD) model [28]. Most importantly, these studies clearly suggest that icariin mimics estrogen in bone and brain and is a potential candidate for reducing the risk of menopause related skeletal and neurological disorders. The present study showed that the effects of icariin and estrogen on reproductive tissues appear to be different. Our study showed that estrogen deficiency-induced changes in uterine weight and morphology of mammary gland could only be restored by E2, but not by icariin at 50ppm (2.5 mg/kg.day), 500ppm (25 mg/kg.day) and 3000ppm (150 mg/kg.day) administrated chronically (at daily diet intake of 15g), in OVX rats. Our study using immature CD-1 mice showed that icariin at 20 mg/kg.day (equivalent dose in rat is 10mg/kg.day) administrated orally for 7 days did not affect the uterine weight but induced slight endometrial thickening and development of mammary. The discrepancies regarding the responses of the two models suggest that immature CD-1 mice are more sensitive to estrogenic stimulation than mature OVX rat as the former are at the crucial period for development with prepubertal level of circulating estrogen [29]. Nevertheless, our chronic (3 month treatment) study showed that icariin did not induce estrogenic responses in both breast and uterus in OVX rat at dosage of 15 fold higher than the highest dose used in CD-1 mice, indicating that the estrogenic actions of icariin are indeed tissue-selective. (OVX) or sham-operation. After two weeks recovery, OVX rats were treated with either vehicle, 17ß-estradiol (E2, (1.0mg/kg.day)) or icariin at 50, 500 and 3000ppm for 12 weeks. A . Uterus index was calculated as uterus weight/body weight. expression of component complement 3 (C3) and histone H3 as by Histology image of gland as Differences between were post cells were cultured to with (10 -8 M) and various concentrations of (10 -10 -5 M) in red-free containing of cs-FBS. A . MG-63 cells: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, estrogen responsive element dependent luciferase activity and mRNA expression of osteocalcin ( OCN ), ALP , osteoprotegrin ( OPG ) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand ( RANKL ); B . SH-SY5Y cells: Cell viability and ERE dependent luciferase activity; C . Ishikawa cells: ALP activity, ERE-dependent luciferase activity and ALP mRNA expression; D . MCF-7 cells: Cell viability, ERE-dependent luciferase activity and pS2 mRNA expression. Data was expressed as mean ± SEM. n=3 or more. Results were from two independent experiments. * p p p vs


The invention relates to an adjusting device (1) for operating an actuator (5), particularly in an internal combustion engine, preferably in a motor vehicle, with an actuator (2) for bi-directional driving of a drive member (4), with an output member (6) provided with the actuator (5) drivingly connected to or drivingly, and with a coupling device (7), which the drive member (4) extending to the output member (6) about an axis parallel to the movement direction (8) axis (9) rotatable about a transverse axis of rotation combining (9) extending pivot axis (10) pivotally. A simple construction can be achieved when the coupling means (7) a pivot bearing (11) for the rotatable mounting between the drive member (4) and driven member (6) about the rotational axis (9) and when the coupling device (7) separately and in addition to the rotary bearing (11) has a pivot bearing (12) for pivotable mounting between drive member (4) and driven member (6) about the pivot axis (10).


Recently, the demand for natural fiber based composite products as compared to synthetic fiber based products has increased manifold due to their salient characteristics, such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, and sustainability. Hole-making is an inevitable operation to ascertain the structural integrity of complex composite products. Thus, a comparative assessment has been reported between the molded and drilled holes in two types of composites, that is, aloe vera fiber and banana fiber based epoxy composites. The performance of fabricated composites was compared based on load bearing capacity under tensile loading conditions. The molded hole specimens recorded 10.7% (aloe vera based) and 17.2% (banana fiber based) higher failure load as compared to the drilled hole specimens of similar type of composites. The aloe vera fiber based composite specimens, such as, specimens without hole, molded hole, and drilled hole, recorded higher failure load (102%, 45.6%, and 54.1%, respectively) as compared to banana fiber based composites. The quality of molded and drilled holes (before and after fracture) was also assessed using stereomicroscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy images. The microstructural assessment helped to correlate the variation in the mechanical properties of tested specimens with the quality of the holes produced. This study also revealed that the molded hole specimens have better hole quality than the drilled hole specimens in case of both types of composites. The defects like sharp edges, burrs, cracks, and uncut fibers were found to be absent in case of molded hole specimens. Whereas, these defects create the stress concentration zone in drilled hole specimens which is responsible for their lower strength values.


Based on K ary 2 cube network architecture of LS MPP, a novel and fast SIMD algorithm of computing FFT was designed. This paper firstly discussed sort order problem of input image array data and output image array data accoding to the analysis of "Image Parallel Fourier Analysis Technology Based on LS MPP(1)", and introduced the realization strategy of the algorithm. And then, a novel fast parallel algorithm of two dimension FFT and its experimental results were detailedly presented. In the end, we analyze the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm is of parallel degree highness and can satisfy the requiremnt of real time computing. Contrasted to serial two dimension FFT, the algorithm heightens computing rate more than two scalar level and lays a substantial foundation for two dimension FFT algorithm's real time application on the SIMD parallel computer.


Since the 21st century,in the context of popularization of higher education and regional economic development,the school scale,layout structure and the allocation of teaching resources have been developed.However,the higher education has been challenged by the popularization of education requirements and new patterns of regional economic development resources in level and type of layout,regional distribution,as well as the professional disciplines layout.To ensure sustainable and healthy development of higher education,the quality of education should be enhanced in the allocation of resources,the formation of eco-layout,adjustment of the professional structure,and the promotion of the integration by sharing educational resources.


The magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) profiles have been measured for a series of soft-magnetic nanocrystalline $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ti}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{N}$ films. Magnetization $(M)$ measurements were made as a function of temperature $(T)$ from 2 to $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and in-plane field $(H)$ up to $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kOe}$. Additionally, room temperature easy and hard direction in-plane field hysteresis loops were measured for fields between $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Oe}$, and $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$ FMR measurements were performed. The $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick films were made by magnetron sputtering in an in-plane field. The nominal titanium concentration was $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ and the nitrogen concentrations $({x}_{N})$ ranged from 0 to $12.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$. The saturation magnetization $({M}_{s})$ vs $T$ data and the extracted exchange parameters as a function of ${x}_{N}$ are consistent with a lattice expansion due to the addition of interstitial nitrogen in the body-centered-cubic (bcc) lattice and a structural transition to body-centered-tetragonal (bct) in the $6\char21{}8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ nitrogen range. The hysteresis loop and FMR data show a consistent picture of the changes in both the uniaxial and cubic anisotropy as a function of ${x}_{N}$. Films with ${x}_{N}\ensuremath{\ge}3.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ show an overall uniaxial anisotropy, with an anisotropy field parameter ${H}_{u}$ that increases with ${x}_{N}$. The corresponding dispersion averaged uniaxial anisotropy energy density parameter $⟨{K}_{u}⟩={H}_{u}{M}_{s}∕2$ is a linear function of ${x}_{N}$, with a rate of increase of $950\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}150\mathrm{erg}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{per}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ nitrogen. The estimated uniaxial anisotropy energy per nitrogen atom is $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕\mathrm{mol}$, a value consistent with other systems. For ${x}_{N}$ below $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at}.\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$, the scaling of coercive force ${H}_{c}$ data with the sixth power of the grain size $D$ indicate a grain averaged effective cubic anisotropy energy density parameter $⟨{K}_{1}⟩$ that is about an order of magnitude smaller that the nominal $⟨{K}_{1}⟩$ values for iron, and give a quantitative $⟨{K}_{1}⟩$ vs $D$ response that matches predictions for exchange coupled random grains with cubic anisotropy.


Objective: To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. Results: Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. Conclusion: Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.


This chapter examines several commenting engines that have been developed and/or used by humanities scholars for text editing and annotation. It discusses factors that influence decision making in the creation of such tools; how they have been used by humanists; critical feedback produced by those scholars; and relevant recently funded projects. The primary foci for the chapter will be Brown Universitys Virtual Humanities Lab; the CommentPress engine; a commenting engine used by the Free Software Foundation; and the scholarly research tool Zotero, built at George Mason University in the US. It addresses some of the concerns raised thus far regarding the online publication and archiving of this form of knowledge work, and argues for its crucial role in todays humanities research. Keywords: annotation; Brown University; commenting engine; text editing; virtual humanities lab


OsCPK4 has dual functions in rice in promoting the degradation and stability of OsRLCK176 to fine-tune plant immunity through modulating the phosphorylation state of OsRLCK176. The calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK4 has been demonstrated to play important roles in salt and drought tolerance, plant growth, and development in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying OsCPK4 function in rice immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that the generation of oxidative burst and pathogenesis-related gene expression triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns were significantly enhanced in the oscpk4 mutants. These mutant lines are more resistant to bacterial blight and fungal blast diseases than the wild-type plants, indicating that OsCPK4 negatively regulates innate immunity in rice. OsCPK4 was further identified to interact with a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK176. OsRLCK176 accumulation is negatively regulated by OsCPK4. Interestingly, the kinase-dead OsCPK4 promotes OsRLCK176 degradation more strongly than the wild-type protein. OsCPK4 and OsRLCK176 mutually phosphorylate each other and form a feedback loop. Moreover, the kinase activity and phosphorylation of OsCPK4 and OsRLCK176 contribute to the stability of OsRLCK176. These findings indicate that the kinase-inactive OsCPK4 promotes OsRLCK176 degradation and restricts plant defenses, whereas the activation of OsCPK4-OsRLCK176 phosphorylation circuit invalidates the OsRLCK176 degradation machinery, thus enhancing plant immunity. Collectively, the study proposes a novel defense buffering mechanism mediated by OsCPK4, which fine-tunes microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in rice.


Categorical formulations for thought processes and communications are provided. In order to treat the changing state of an individual over some time period, we introduce a state controlling "variable" in terms of objects (called generalized time) in a site (i.e., a category with a Grothendieck topology). W morphisms between individuals. The interplay among the change of the state of an individual, as the commutativities of the fundamental diagram in section 3. Finally, we show that the thought process (thinking) coincides with "thinking nothing" (process) when the thought process morphism coincides with the induced morphism from the identity.


The main purpose of the current research was to investigate total dietary fiber and vitamin B1 and B2 content in flour blends made from several types' whole grain flour for pasta production. In 2012 harvested convectional rye 'Kaupo', wheat 'Zentos', hull -less barley line 'PR 5099' and triticale line '9405 -23' grain and, for flour blends obt aining, wheat flour type 550 was used in the experiments. Following quality parameters of flours using standard methods was evaluated: total dietary fiber content (ISO 5498) and vitamins B1 and B2 – by AOAC 986.27 and 970.65 respectively. In the present research significant differences in total dietary fiber of analysed whole grain rye, hull-less barley, triticale and wheat flour samples were established. Higher dietary fiber content was found in whole grain hull-less barley and rye flour, the lowest in the wheat flour type 550. Lower dietary fiber content was obtained for whole wheat and triticale flour blends. However, the higher, for whole rye and hull-less barley flour blend. B1 vitamin content in whole grain rye and wheat flour was significantly higher than in hull-less barley and triticale. Lowest vitamin B2 content was obtained in wheat flour type 550. Lower B1 vitamin content, as 2.70±0.14 mg kg -1 was obtained for whole hull-less barley flour blend, the higher as 3.19±0.28 mg kg -1 for whole wheat flour blend. Lower B2 vitamin content, as 0.91±0.06 mg kg -1 , was obtained for whole hull-less barley flour blend, however, the higher B2, as 0.81±0.28 mg kg -1 in whole wheat flour blend.


An experimental investigation of the variations of atmospheric electric quantities in space and time was conducted. A review of past measurements reveals several inaccuracies and inconsistencies which stimulated the investigation. The simultaneous measurement of both polar conductivities, of potential gradient, and of several meteorological quantities from a multi-engine airplane, and the derivation of other atmospheric electric variables, are described. Altitude 'profiles' of conductivity and potential gradient up to 6 km obtained on a representative sounding over the Chesapeake Bay show a secondary exchange layer above the more common surface exchange layer. The space-charge density profile exhibits positive charge concentrations at the tops of these layers, near the bases of the associated temperature inversions. Upward convection of positive space charge causes the computed conduction-current density within the exchange layers to be some 40 pct higher than its relatively constant value above the layers. The product of columnar resistance and current density, employed by previous workers to obtain atmospheric potential, provides erroneous values whether the conduction current near the Earth's surface or the average value over the entire altitude range is used. On the basis of a 6-km atmospheric potential of 327 kv obtained from the integrated potential gradient, the true extrapolated total potential of the high atmosphere is 341 kv at a time near the diurnal maximum.


This article is based on a series of conversations with the social psychologist Miguel D. Norambuena regarding Félix Guattari's visit to Chile in 1991. The conversation deals with different events, ranging from the process of dictatorial repression in Chile with the political exile of Miguel D., experiences of intersection between Chilean revolutionary processes and the experiences of May 1968, as well as forms of production of subjectivity in the neoliberal scenario of the 1980s. Different tools for practical reflection take place in this dialogue, from the collective listening that David Cooper developed on the outskirts of Paris, Guattari's seminars at his home or the visits to the La Borde clinic, Guattari's trip to Chile and the publication of the books Cartografías del deseo (1989) and El devenir de la subjetividad (1998) in Chile. Finally, the experience of the Daily Life Clinic currently being developed by Miguel D. in Geneva is addressed as part of a process of subjective ecosophic creation.


The methodology of the recently developed Daily Air Quality Index (DAQx) and Long-term Air Quality Index (LAQx) is explained. Both indices consider air pollutants frequently monitored at long-term stations within official air pollution control networks. Therefore, they enable an assessment of the integral air pollution, which reflects the ambient air consisting of a mixture of air pollutants more realistic. Both air quality indices are impact related with respect to people. On the basis of results of extensive investigations in environmental medicine and toxicology, they quantify the impacts of a mixture of air pollutants, which is typical of the ambient air, on well-being and health of people in the form of six index classes and ranges of index values, respectively. To analyse the sensitivity of DAQx and LAQx, air pollutant data for the period 1995-2003 were used. They originate from selected stations within the official air pollution monitoring network in the South-West of Germany, which are characterised by different emission conditions.


Virtual forms of organization, including outsourcing, are expected to bring broad, structural transformations to American business. Yet, little is known about the formal response of U.S. Business Schools to the boundary-spanning challenges that virtual organization presents. In this study, key elements of Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) are utilized as a means to investigate the effects of virtual organization on academic disciplines. Results of a survey of 471 Business School faculty members, including 63 Information Systems faculty, on the role of virtual organization in academic curricula are analyzed in the terms defined by the AST framework. Results indicate significant variation by discipline, concept area, and appropriation of the concepts related to virtual organization. Implications for Information Science include the need for establishing academic leadership as well as attending to perceived limitations in virtual organization tools and technologies. In addition, the results have implications for the ongoing dialogue on the role of Information Science and related academic disciplines.


LAWRENCE P. BRIGGS, former United States Consul in Indochina, has for thirty years studied the ancient history of the peninsula. In addition to a small descriptive book, A pilgrimage to Angkor (Oakland, 1943), he has contributed articles on the history of Indochina and Siam to this QUARTERLY, the Journal of the American Oriental society, and other periodicals. He has in preparation for early publication a History of Cambodia and a history of The ancient Khmer empire.


In response to an abundance of applications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are being called upon to perform missions of high difficulty for increasingly long periods of time. Traditional paradigms of propeller design and actuation are reaching a design ceiling, motivating creative approaches to the design of propeller-based propulsion mechanisms. Within the last decade, one particular kind of mechanism, the variable-pitch propeller, has been studied by researchers for its applications to the class of small UAVs. This paper pushes for new results in this area by exploring the use of Variable Pitch Propulsion (VPP) to minimize power consumption for small, versatile UAVs. A control algorithm is presented to minimize the consumed electrical power during a quasi-steady propulsive state. In particular, the algorithm is not confined to operation in limited regions of the state space, but it seeks to minimize power at whatever point in the state space a steady state is reached. Several experimental results are presented to validate the approach.


The invention relates to a method for producing a modular element to connection (C0) from independent elementary connectors (41 to 48) containing cavities. Were performed shielding members (5d), from metal sheets. Were coated faces of the global connection element (C0) thus obtained by the screening elements (5d) and the elementary connector is fixed between them (41 to 48) by embossing of selected areas of shielding members (50d-52d ) in the alveoli. useful in particular for the realization of connecting elements (C0) between printed circuit cards mother and / or daughter.


The adrenal glands were excised from anesthetized dogs and sliced with a razor blade. In each slice the medulla was removed and was minced. Aftre trypsin digestion, the dispersed cells were collected and preincubated in medium containing lima bean trypsin inhibitor. The incubation was carried out both with or without test drugs for 2hr, and thereafter cortisol released into the medium was determined. When histamine (Hi) was added to dispersed cells, cortisol was released in a concentration-dependent fashion. A significant release was noted at concentrations higher than 10-(8)M of Hi. When various concentrations of ACTH and db-cAMP were added to dispersed cells, both brugs exhibited dose-dependent corticosteroidogenesis (CSG). Hi-induced CSG was inhibited by pretreatment with Ca-blockers and pyrilamine, but not affected by pretreatment with phosphobiesterase inhibitors and cimetidine. These findings indicate that Hi-induced CSG is related to H(1) receptors and Ca(2+) influx but not with cAMP and H(2) receptors.


We investigated the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Ni-based Schottky-type AlxGa1−xN ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors. Three different types of AlxGa1−xN∕GaN heterostructures were epitaxially grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We found that the insertion of Al0.2Ga0.8N∕GaN superlattices (SLs) improved the crystal quality of AlxGa1−xN∕GaN heterostructures from photoluminescence and x-ray diffraction experiments. As a result, AlxGa1−xN UV photodetectors with Al0.2Ga0.8N∕GaN SL layers showed superior device performance with lower turn-on voltage and higher responsivity compared to those without SLs. We obtained a dark current of 0.1 nA at −5V, a responsivity of 0.097A∕W at zero bias, and a specific detectivity of D*=8×1013cmHz1∕2W−1 at λ=290nm for AlxGa1−xN UV photodetectors with Al0.2Ga0.8N∕GaN SLs.


The increased needs of the community road transport services will trigger the growth of transportation business in the form of Company Otobus. The increasing mobility forcing consumers choosing alternative Otobus from various companies. Every companies must win the competition to attract consumer to use its services. This research focus to result that show usage of the decision in PO Ramayana Magelang obtained from responden. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of service quality, brand image and price of tickets against the decision of the use of PO Ramayana. This research type is explanatory research. Sampling techniques using non-probability sampling with accidental sampling and purposive sampling. As for the total sampleas many as 100 respondents. This program assisted by SPSS 21.0. Based on the descriptive analysis, indicating the variable quality of service are on a good categorization of 54%. Brand iage variable are at good categorization by 48%. Varible price of tickets are at very good categorization of 66% and use of decision are at high categorization of 71%. Multiple corelation coeficient based on obtained values of the corelation that indicates 0,620 is strong correlation. Based on determination of coefficient indicates that the variable service quality, brand image and price of tickets contributed amounted to 38,4% against of the use decision variable.


Based on the requirements of the pseudorandom phase vector in transform domain communication system( TDCS),a new method using double chaos sequences in phase mapping during the basis function generat on in TDCS is proposed. The m sequences is substituted for chaos sequences,meanwhile,a mapping controlling tap whose series is depended on another chaos sequences is added in,which extends the one-dimensional method of generating pseudorandom phase into two-dimensional. The implementation method regarding the correlation and randomicity performance of the basis function are discussed in detail. The simulation results show that both the Bit Error Rate( BER) performances of single user and multi-user using new method are improved,and thereby it enhanced multiple access channel capacity and Low Probability of Intercept( LPI) of TDCS signals.


Polyhydroxoaluminum (PHA) -lactic acid (LA) composite gels were prepared from PHA-LA mixed solutions. Phase transition behavior of the composite gels under heat-treatment was studied. The gels transformed into transition aluminas and/or α-alumina, depending on the heat-treatment conditions. Composite gels containing 3-10 mass% LA were found to yield α-alumina when heat-treated at low temperatures of around 500°C. The low-temperature formation of α-alumina was promoted at low heating rates. The fraction of α-alumina formed in the heat-treated products increased with temperature, reaching 40 mass% at ∼800°C. The low-temperature formation of α-alumina is induced by the transformation of a partially formed diaspore-like structure, which is enhanced with reducing heating rate. The formation of 6-coordinated Al from 4-coordinated Al via the intermediate 5-coordinated Al during heat-treatment seems to be key to the formation of the diaspore-like structure, leading to the low-temperature formation of α-alumina.


Polygalacturonase and polymethylgalacturonase activity was detected in 13 strains of Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora as well as in filtrates of isolates of some related fungi (Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, P. inflatipes, P.
rubrigenum). Tests consisted of growth and colorimetric assays on media designed to evaluate different pectic enzymes.
Phaeomoniella isolates on the same medium did not differ greatly in their morphological and cultural characters,
but pectinolytic activity differed among isolates.


The invention discloses a suckling pig feed and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises one or more of the following components: wheat bran, fish meal, corn, soybean, soybean meal, a feed adhesive and a feed additive. The feed additive further comprises a vitamin premix and a traditional Chinese medicament additive. The traditional Chinese medicament additive further comprises phellodendron, tangerine peel, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, Scutellaria baicalensis, medical stone, indigowoad leaf, sand ginger, heartleaf houttuynia herb, south dodder seed, parslane herb, dahurian patrinia herb, Chinese angelica and Codonopsis pilosula. Starch in the feed adhesive is bonded at different temperatures by a steam method, so that the dilation is increased and the gelatinization degreeof the starch is greatly improved; the feed adhesive can also completely replace a chemical adhesive in feed processing, and improves the submergence and the adhesiveness of the feed; the feed is favorable for the growth and aquaculture of shrimps, creates good economic benefit and social benefit, is suitable to be stored for a long time, and is difficult to spoil; and the traditional Chinese medicament additive can improve the palatability and the appetite of animals, so that the crop rate is greatly improved.


Contact stress analysis of gear drives has been a subject of intensive research since last few years. Contact stresses were first analyzed by Hertz to develop analytical correlation for determining them. Contact stresses are strongly dependent on the types of gears, friction at the point of contact, velocities of rotation, loads, etc. It also depends on the accuracy of mounting, bearings, shaft deflection and workmanship of gears. In the present attempt contact stresses in spur gear pairs have been taken for study. The analysis is conducted using Ansys software. The variation of contact stresses with varying centre to centre distance is the main objective of this work. The centre to centre distance can change due to shaft deflection or improper mounting for that the analysis is extended for three different types of materials and their combination. It is observed that the contact stresses do vary with centre to centre distance and the material of construction. The stresses are maximum for Grey Cast Iron and minimum for Structural Steel. The stresses show a decreasing trend with decrease in centre to centre distance and approach the minimum value when centre to centre is equal to the pitch circle radii. A further decrease in centre to centre distance exhibits an increasing trend in contact stresses. However it is further observed that the stresses are minimum when the centre to centre distance takes the minimum most possible value. Any further decrease in centre to centre distance will lead to underscoring. IndexTerms— Contact stress analysis, Gears, Friction, Visual Basics software, Ansys software, Structural Steel, centre distance ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Measurements of Relaxation modulus and/or differential dynamic modulus in linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity have been made on cured styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) 1502 gum and cured SBR containing 20-60 phr carbon black (CB). Linear viscoelastometry has been made at temperatures ranged from - 60 to 80 °C and at frequencies ranged from 0.4 to 100 rad s - 1 . Nonlinear viscoelastometry has been made with small oscillations at dynamic strain of 0.005 and at frequency of 1.26 rad s - 1 superposed on static strains of unity both for shear and extensional deformations. Cured SBR showed G" peak temperatures of - 48 °C at 1.26 rad s - 1 . The mixing of CB filler showed no effect on the peak temperatures. It was found that all horizontal shift factors can be expressed by single WLF equation in linear viscoelasticity. The horizontal shift factors can be applied for the temperature dependent nonlinear viscoelasticity. Vertical shift factors in linear viscoelasticity depends on filler contents, showing change from entropic elasticity in gum rubber to energetic elasticity of enough filled rubber. Similar change has been found in large shear deformations, but entropic elasticity behaviors in vertical shift factors have been found irrespective of filler contents in large extension. The difference in behaviors of vertical shift factors between large shear and large extension can be understood with the change and recovery of filler network. It was concluded that the horizontal and the vertical shift factors of filled rubbers are governed by matrix polymer and filler network, respectively.


ABSTRACT Drying treatments were selected based on the glass transition temperature of rice kernels and applied in an experimentally simulated drying column. When kernels were dried in the glassy state, there was negligible head rice yield reduction (HRYR), regardless if samples had been tempered or not. But when kernels transitioned to the rubbery state during the initial stages of drying and subsequently developed sufficient intra-kernel material state gradients, significant HRYRs occurred, and HRYRs of tempered samples were significantly less than those of non-tempered samples throughout the column. Sample HRYRs near the heated-air plenum were much greater than those into the column.


A full-scale Dish-Stirling system experiment, at a power level of 25 kWe, has been tested during 1981 on the Test Bed Concentrator No. 2 at the Parabolic Dish Test Site, Edwards, CA. Test components, designed and developed primarily by industrial contractors for the Department of Energy, include an advanced Stirling engine driving an induction alternator, a directly-coupled solar receiver with a natural gas combustor for hybrid operation and a breadboard control system based on a programmable controller and standard utility substation components. The experiment demonstrated practicality of the solar Stirling application and high system performance into a utility grid. This paper describes the design and its functions, and the test results obtained.


Objective:To investigate the functions of YangGanLiDan Granule(YGLDG) on anti-inflammation,pain relief and spasmolysis.Methods:The models of mouse ear tumefaction caused by xylene and rat foot tumefaction caused by carrageenan were used to observe the anti-inflammatory action of YGLDG via oral adiminstration.The effect of YGLDG on relieving pain was tested by counting body twisting induced by glacial acetic acid and measuring the latent period of licking hind foot with the hot plate method in mice.The effect on spasmolysis was studied by using isolated gallbladder of guinea pig.Results:The drug could restrain mouse ear tumefaction and rat foot tumefaction,reduce mouse body twisting numter in glacial acetic acid model and elevate the pain threshold with hot plate method,relax the spasticity of isolated gallbladder of guinea pig caused by Ach.Conclusion:The results show that YGLDG has the effects on anti-inflammation,pain relief and relaxtion of spasticity.


Aside from the well known ideological features of the conventional media VR technologies and representations display a distinctive ideological characteristic. They have their own selfreferential universe of representations. Under the illusion of a reality reflection with respect to simulations people are deprived of an original correspondence of reality inside the immersion of VR. Heretowith virtuality would be identified as an ambivalent term which is inclusive of two almost oppositional meanings. Whereas one of the meanings is concerned with the negative connotations such as "illusion", "fake" and "deficiency" the other meaning triggers the "potentiality" as opposed to "actuality" in general. In Lacanian approach about "the mirror stage" it would be implicated that the notion of the "I" as ego is the "image of the image" which constitutes a simulacra as the image of the human subject sets a virtual reality through a splitted self as "the referent". According to this determinant it is uneasy to suppose an immediate process of communication since all communication process is mediated through a splitted and divided existence which lacks a complete subjectivity without the simulacra as the image and the referent as the body that together require a virtual constitution. Hence the understanding of the place of "virtual" in the communication process calls forth a requirement to examine symbolic interactionism, phenomenology and Lacanian analysis. In this paper the concept of mediated communication is analyzed in its relations with the process of reification and the notion of virtual reality with a relatively new approach to describe the conceptualization of social reality as an abstract notion within the position of the subject. This is an normative analytical paper where an analysis of virtual reality made in accordance with Lacanian analysis, symbolic interactionism and phenomenology.


This short essay addresses the role of securities regulation of mortgage-backed in the present financial crisis. While there is certainly a role for securities regulators to play in curing systemic flaws that contributed to the present situation (for example, the regulation of credit rating agencies), the federal system is primarily based on disclosure, not the merit of the underlying security. My view is that the problem here is not the availability of information in the markets for these securities, now or in the past, but judgments made with respect to that information. To paraphrase Kant, judgment without information is empty; information without judgment is blind. Information without judgment gives us bubbles; judgment without information leaves us at the mercy of Madoffs.This is an essay prepared for the "Fallout from the Bailout" symposium at the University of Dayton on March 20, 2009.


Abstract : Temperature recovery factors were determined on the cylindrical surface of a number of 40 deg cone cylinder models at zero angle of attack and at M = 2.86. The investigation was performed in a 40- by 40-cm intermittent tunnel and an 18- by 18-cm continous tunnel. With atmospheric tunnel-supply conditions, the turbulent recovery factor was found to be 0.89 + or - 0.5% and independent of Reynolds number in the range of 200,000 to 800,000, with Reynolds number based on wall conditions. The turbulent recovery factor can be represented by the cube root of the Prandtl number for a Prandtl number calculated at wall conditions. In the transitional region of the boundary layer, a maximum recovery factor 0.5 to 1% higher than the turbulent value was obtained. Boundary layer history had a marked effect on the value of the recovery factor. The results were compared with the theoretical and experimental findings of other investigators.


Significance Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), cDC1s and cDC2s, are hematopoietic cells that play central roles in mounting T cell responses. It is important for host protection that cDCs are continuously replenished by bone marrow precursors. cDC1s and cDC2s rely on the cytokine FLT3L, and, because both subsets mount different types of immune responses, their relative abundance must be regulated and balanced. In this work, we demonstrated that cDC2s produced their own FLT3L and utilized the transmembrane metalloproteinase ADAM10 to shed membrane-bound FLT3L into soluble forms. This process was crucial for cDC2s to develop and survive in the spleen. These findings likely represent cell-autonomous developmental and survival processes that enable cDC2s to preferentially gain access to FLT3L. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) derive from bone marrow (BM) precursors that undergo cascades of developmental programs to terminally differentiate in peripheral tissues. Pre-cDC1s and pre-cDC2s commit in the BM to each differentiate into CD8α+/CD103+ cDC1s and CD11b+ cDC2s, respectively. Although both cDCs rely on the cytokine FLT3L during development, mechanisms that ensure cDC accessibility to FLT3L have yet to be elucidated. Here, we generated mice that lacked a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 in DCs (Itgax-cre × Adam10-fl/fl; ADAM10∆DC) and found that ADAM10 deletion markedly impacted splenic cDC2 development. Pre-cDC2s accumulated in the spleen with transcriptomic alterations that reflected their inability to differentiate and exhibited abrupt failure to survive as terminally differentiated cDC2s. Induced ADAM10 ablation also led to the reduction of terminally differentiated cDC2s, and restoration of Notch signaling, a major pathway downstream of ADAM10, only modestly rescued them. ADAM10∆DC BM failed to generate cDC2s in BM chimeric mice with or without cotransferred ADAM10-sufficient BM, indicating that cDC2 development required cell-autonomous ADAM10. We determined cDC2s to be sources of soluble FLT3L, as supported by decreased serum FLT3L concentration and the retention of membrane-bound FLT3L on cDC2 surfaces in ADAM10∆DC mice, and by demonstrating the release of soluble FLT3L by cDC2 in ex vivo culture supernatants. Through in vitro studies utilizing murine embryonic fibroblasts, we determined FLT3L to be a substrate for ADAM10. These data collectively reveal cDC2s as FLT3L sources and highlight a cell-autonomous mechanism that may enhance FLT3L accessibility for cDC2 development and survival.


In order to meet the demand for an instant and temperature independent light source the tubular mercury free excimer lamp LINEX® was developed. Further characteristics are the OSRAM proprietary pulsed operation for enhanced efficiency [1] and internal high voltage electrodes [2] for improved safety. Technical features of this novel light source will be presented. First applications are LCD backlighting and office automation.


The web site is a platform where people for their business transaction, banking, education, entertainment, and network with each other and sharing valuable information. But the huge crowd in cyberspaces are facing challenges and threats due to malicious attack. So, in this research work we proposed a HMUD (Hybrid Malicious URL Detector) an enhanced approach to detect the malicious URLs. The proposed approach is a two-phase classifier to detect the malevolent URLs. In first phase a rule-based classifier Social Media Attack Detector (SMAD) is used for classification and Enhanced Support Vector Machine (ESVM) is used in second phase to ensure the correctness of the classification. The two-phase approach improves the accuracy of the classification. The proposed approach is compared with Navie Bayes and logistic regression algorithms, the experimental research shows the efficiency of the proposed approach.


We present an end-to-end system for streaming Cinematic Virtual Reality (VR) content (also called 360 or omnidirectional content). Content is captured and ingested at a resolution of 16K at 25Hz and streamed towards untethered mobile VR devices. Besides the usual navigation interactions such as panning and tilting offered by common VR systems, we also provide a zooming interactivity. This allows the VR client to fetch high quality pixels captured at a spatial resolution of 16K that greatly increase perceived quality compared to a 4K VR streaming solution. Since current client devices are not capable of receiving and decoding a 16K video, several optimizations are provided to only stream the required pixels for the current viewport of the user, while meeting strict latency and bandwidth requirements for a qualitative VR immersive experience.


Virmani et al. (1) recently reported that methylation of the retinoic acid receptor(RAR ) gene promoter P2 was a frequent event in lung carcinomas and suggested that demethylation could be of therapeutic interest in these tumors. The timing of this epigenetic alteration in the transformation of normal bronchial cells to invasive cancer cells is, therefore, important to determine. Although many investigators have suggested that alteration of RAR expression is an early phenomenon in lung carcinogenesis, it is difficult to study such alterations in precancerous stages because most intraepithelial neoplastic lesions are not detectable under conventional white-light bronchoscopy. The recent introduction of the light-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE) system (2) greatly enhances the ability to detect preneoplastic lesions and allowed us to collect a large series of bronchial biopsy specimens from patients at high risk (because of asbestos and/or tobacco exposure or a history of head and neck cancer) for the development of lung cancer. After giving written informed consent, patients were examined under fluorescence bronchoscopy (LIFE-Lung Imaging System; Xillix Co., Richmond, BC, Canada). This study has been approved by the regional Ethics Committee (CCPPRB-HN: Comité Consultatif de Protection des Personnes dans la Recherche Biomédicale de HauteNormandie). Biopsy specimens were taken from abnormal and, whenever possible, normal areas. Two samples were taken from each site: one was used for pathologic examination, and the other was cultured as described previously (3) to obtain pure bronchial cell populations. Biopsy specimens were collected from 38 patients, and bronchial cells were derived from 71 different biopsy specimens. Histopathologic examination subsequently revealed that these 71 biopsy specimens included normal epithelium (nine cases), inflammation (13 cases), hyperplasia (19 cases), mild dysplasia (16 cases), moderate to severe dysplasia (11 cases), and carcinoma in situ (three cases), classified according to the international nomenclature (4). After sodium bisulfite treatment of genomic DNA extracted from cultured cells at the second passage, the methylation status of the RAR gene promoter P2 was analyzed by the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction according to the procedure of Côté et al. (5). In contrast to the DLD-1 colon carcinoma cell line used as a positive control (5), none of the 71 samples displayed a methylated RAR promoter P2. To exclude false-negative results caused by possible interference of in vitro culture with the methylation process, we analyzed the same samples for the methylation status of CpG islands within the CDKN2A/p16 gene (6) and found that this gene was indeed methylated in 13 of 71 samples. The lack of methylation of the RAR gene promoter P2 in this series, which included 30 dysplastic lesions, indicates that methylation is probably not an early event in lung carcinogenesis, at least in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although further investigations exploring the kinetics of genetic or epigenetic alterations in the development of lung cancer are clearly needed, these results suggest that retinoids may be more appropriate than demethylating agents for chemoprevention of NSCLC.


A novel optical biosensor based on simultaneous multi-wavelength detection surface plasmon resonance(SPR) was developed for diagnosing acute myocardial infaction. The sensor was designed on the basis of fixing the angle of incidence and measuring the reflected intensities in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm. The SPR spectra are shown in terms of reflected light intensity verus wavelength of incident light. The intensity of the reflected light is the minimum at the resonant wavelength. On the sensing element of a right angle the glass prism is a thin(50 nm) metallic gold film coated by vacuum-deposition. Molecular self-assembling in solution is used to form the sensing membrane on the gold substrate. Human cardiac troponin I was determined in the concentration range of 5.0-50 μg/L. Under the selected experimental conditions, the sensor has a good sensitivity, repeatability, reversibility and selectivity.


In recent literature, diverse views have been expressed regarding the nature (ionic versus covalent) of bonding between alkali metals and the Si(001)‐(2×1) surface. Also unsettled is the issue as to whether the metallicity upon K adsorption is due to the partial occupancy of the dangling bonds or due to the metallic K chain. The resolution of these outstanding problems is sought by performing electronic structure total energy calculations using cluster as well as slab models. The cluster model calculations have used an ab initio self‐consistent field Hartree–Fock technique, whereas the slab model has employed pseudopotentials within the density functional formalism. Using a variety of criteria, we conclude that the bond is strong and ionic with negligible covalent effects. At the monolayer coverage, the charge from the adsorbed potassium atoms is transferred into the empty, antibonding dangling bond surface states resulting in the metallization of the Si(001) substrate surface. The presence of the danglin...


Knowledge of population trends is of key importance for sustainable management of wildlife and finding reliable and cost–effective monitoring methods is therefore of great interest. In two populations of Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, we collected data on mortality from 12 424 individuals hunted or found dead and population size data based on ground counts over a period of 28 years. Our study had three aims: 1) we investigated if changes in population size obtained with a simple deterministic population reconstruction (DPR) approach using hunting and natural mortality covary with population size estimates obtained from ground count data. 2) We investigated if the performance of DPR is affected by the removal of natural mortality data. 3) We assessed how many years of mortality data are needed to obtain consistent population trends using DPR. Our results suggested that 1) population abundance from mortality data using DPR significantly and positively correlated with population abundance obtained with ground counts. 2) DPR without natural mortality data performed similarly as compared to DPR using full data (hunting and natural mortality). 3) Consistent estimates of population trends can be obtained with ≥10 years of mortality data, however, this time span was influenced by the mean age at death, which in turn was affected by the local hunting regime. Our results suggest that DPR and ground counts perform similarly for the estimation of temporal trends in Alpine chamois abundance. The consistence of ground counts and DPR supports the use of these methods as reliable tools for tracking abundance of chamois populations over time. However, the reliability of abundance estimates using DPR may vary between populations and the influence of different hunting regimes must be considered for the correct interpretation of results.


Exit discrimination is defined as the involuntary termination of employment due to racial characteristics holding productivity constant. We test for exit discrimination in the National Football League (NFL) using a panel study on career length. Our analysis focuses on six positional groups: defensive backs, defensive linemen, linebackers, running backs, tight ends and wide receivers. In our analysis, in addition to race, we include performance variables to determine their importance in determining career length. Using both parametric and semi-parametric hazard models, we find no evidence of exit discrimination in the NFL.


Challenges facing retailing abound. Retailers and brands are struggling to find new ways to appeal to shoppers. Yet, research has shown that the store's physical design plays a crucial role in whether a shopper enters a store and engages with a brand. The latest generation of shoppers, the millennials, are a powerful cohort representing 75.4 million individuals in 2016 and accounting for $200 billion in annual consumer spending. Although this generation is well known for online shopping, research has shown that the majority (75%) of their retail dollars are still being spent in brick–and–mortar stores. This has generated awareness in viewing the retail store as a tool for brand–building, motivating brands to reevaluate their store designs. This exploratory study seeks to understand the elements of the retail environment that catch the attention of the millennial shopper and their response to them. The methodology employed photo elicitation for data collection using personal smartphones that allowed the millennial participants to combine photography with captions, creating an annotated image bank of retail environments. This image bank revealed tangible and intangible dimensions of the retail experience that offer insights into the mind of the millennial shopper. The identified themes have design implications for both education and practice that can inform the process of creating dynamic, engaging retail environments for this generation.


In recent years, the public's interaction with street green spaces has been increasing, leading to much more concern about its design. By using stated preference data from a discrete choice experiment and the multinomial logit model, this study investigates pedestrians' and cy-clists' landscape preference regarding street green space through an online survey based on a virtual street envi-ronment. The results show that trees are the most suitable to be planted symmetrically between the cycle track and sidewalk. Large size trees with large crown width and tall height are more preferred than common size trees. There are considerable differences in preferences for lo-cations of shrubs, hedges, flowers, and grass between cy-clists and pedestrians. Cyclists prefer grass by the cycle track the most and grass by the sidewalk the least. But for pedestrians, flowers, hedges, and grass by the sidewalk are positively significant. Buildings with green plants in their front yards are preferred over a monotonous facade or coffee seats. This study enriches the understanding of the public's landscape preferences for streets sharing non-motorised lanes. The results also play a guiding role in people-oriented street green space designs of land-scape architects and governments.


Presents a new implantable functional electrical stimulation (FES) system specially designed for the purpose of selective stimulation of the bladder in spinal cord injured patients. This system, composed of an external controller and an implantable microstimulator (implant), is used to induce low-pressure micturition. After receiving both energy and the stimulation parameters via radio-frequency coupling from the controller, the implant starts stimulation of the S/sub 2/ sacral nerve. The stimulation, composed of two independent frequencies, mainly stimulates the detrusor while blocking the stimulation of the sphincter even thought both muscles are linked to the S/sub 2/ nerve. A computer controlled controller is used by the physician to determine the best parameters for the patient. These parameters are then stored in a portable handheld unit that is used by the medical staff or patient. Acute studies in dogs were carried out to validate the authors' technique and chronic studies started five months ago.


In this study we establish a time frame for metamorphic processes affecting Neotethyan suture zones at the northern (Sabzevar) and southern (Makran) margin of the Central Iranian Microcontinent. For this purpose, we have applied Rb–Sr and U–Pb geochronology to blueschist‐ and amphibolite facies rocks from these occurrences. So far, no isotopic ages are available for high‐P/low‐T rocks from the Sabzevar area which are exposed in the Govain and Chili mountains near Soltanabad. Three newly dated blueschists from the Govain mountain yielded Rb–Sr ages of 56.52 ± 0.32, 57.20 ± 0.32, and 55.12 ± 0.33 Ma respectively. These ages provide the first unambiguous evidence for late Palaeocene to early Eocene high‐P metamorphism in the Sabzevar zone and confirm the accuracy of earlier age assignments that were derived indirectly. The clearly confirmed age difference between late Palaeocene–early Eocene blueschists of the Govain mountain and kilometre‐scale dismembered HP granulites with Early Cretaceous (Albian) metamorphic ages from outcrops c. 60 km to the west of Soltanabad further corroborates interpretations that these rocks are not related to the same subduction zone complex. The blueschists record closure of an Albian to Late Cretaceous back‐arc basin, whereas the granulites formed due to subduction of older oceanic lithosphere. Uranium–Pb zircon dating of an amphibolite from the Iranshahr region in the Makran Zone yielded an intercept age of 87.8 ± 1.8 Ma and weighted mean age of 88.1 ± 1.7 Ma. Rb–Sr mineral isochrons for seven blueschist‐ and amphibolite facies samples from the same area generated very consistent ages of c. 84 Ma (± <1–3 Ma), regardless of metamorphic grade. The apparent contradiction that rocks recording different P–T conditions have identical metamorphic ages either indicates tectonic mixing of rocks during exhumation that originally had formed at the same time at different depths of the subduction system, or very rapid exhumation so that differences in closure temperatures became indistinguishable. The new data are similar, but much more precise, than previously reported K–Ar ages and suggest that most of the existing data had not been significantly compromised by contamination with extraneous Ar. Potassium–Ar indications for older blueschist‐ and/or amphibolite facies metamorphism (>85 Ma) have not yet been confirmed but can be reconciled with the larger geological frame implying that northward subduction of the Arabian plate beneath the Bajgan–Durkan continental block started shortly after c. 120 Ma.


This article provides a state-of-the-art review of the complexity of creative mechanisms, and compares them with practice of creativity in the industrial context. Our work has led to the development of a systemic model of creativity that, we argue, can guide the development of creativity tools suited to complexity in design. We begin by presenting a creativity method that has been deployed in an industrial context, and our observations from the analysis of around thirty creativity workshops. Next, we present a comprehensive overview of the complexity of creative mechanisms at various conceptual scales. We conclude by presenting a systemic model of creativity that highlights ways to develop new tools suited to the stimulation of creativity in a complex industrial environment.


In parts of Africa and Asia, self‐medication with a hot water infusion of Artemisia annua (Artemisia tea) is a common practice for a number of ailments including malaria and cancer. In our earlier work, such an extract showed better potency than artemisinin alone against both chloroquine‐sensitive and ‐resistant parasites. In this study, in vitro tests of the infusion in MCF7 cells showed high IC50 values (>200 μM). The combination of artemisinin and 3‐caffeoylquinic acid (3CA), two major components in the extract, was strongly antagonistic and gave a near total loss of cytotoxicity for artemisinin. We observed that the interaction of 3CAs with another cytotoxic compound, cisplatin, showed potentiation of activity by 2.5‐fold. The chelation of cellular iron by 3CA is hypothesized as a possible explanation for the loss of artemisinin activity.


The current policy debate about teacher preparation tends to pit two ideas against each other: traditional, college-bound preparation vs. alternative routes. It seems that those of us interested in education policy must choose which strategy we prefer for all K-12 teacher preparation. In our view, however, the whole heated debate isn't particularly productive because teachers and the students they teach are too diverse for a single prescription. In this ongoing argument, some say it is silly that we send teachers into classrooms without the training and certification offered in traditional education schools. Others promote alternative preparation programs, such as Teach For America, in the hopes of attracting a more talented and diverse set of prospective teachers. The fiery rhetoric in this debate can be unproductive, with its actors characterized as either cranky public school critics attempting to deprofessionalize teaching and undermine its institutions, or staunch defenders of the status quo trying to maintain their monopoly on teacher training. We propose that we start with some simple and positive assumptions: Both sides want to recruit and prepare an excellent teaching workforce to serve students well, and both sides have the right strategies to achieve this goal. Traditional teacher preparation is the right strategy, and alternative teacher preparation is the right strategy. Instead of arguing about the superiority of one strategy over the other, consider the following compromise: Continue to support traditional programs as the primary strategy for preparing teachers of elementary students, and encourage alternative programs to develop more teachers of secondary school students. Two camps If possible, we'd do a rigorous study of teacher preparation programs, using random assignment and multiple measures of effectiveness, with the hope of identifying the best practices for training future teachers. Then we'd implement those practices nationwide, mandating that every preparation program do what's been identified as most effective. And, voila, we'd have an improved teacher labor force. That may be a very well-intentioned goal, but let's not hold our breath that it will happen. The recently concluded Measures of Effective Teaching Project (MET), a rigorous study that used random assignment and multiple measures of effectiveness, has taught us at least one thing: Identifying exactly what makes a teacher effective is difficult (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2013). Identifying exactly how to train the best teachers is equally opaque. Broadly speaking, policy makers and education leaders fall into two camps when debating and developing the best policies to attract and train our future teaching workforce. The first camp supports traditional teacher preparation in approved degree programs within colleges of education. In their course of study, teacher candidates learn educational theory, receive pedagogical training, and have practical classroom experience. Those in the traditional camp include other traditionally trained teachers, teacher unions, and professors in colleges of education, among others. The logic is that teaching is a craft that must be developed over time through practice, observation, and induction into the profession. Again speaking very generally, the other camp advocates for a more direct path to the classroom, with a focus on content knowledge. According to this strategy, teachers would typically have a degree in the subject they teach, but they have much less classroom experience. This group prefers alternative programs, such as Teach For America, which seeks highly talented individuals with strong content knowledge, provides a shortened training period, usually six weeks, and then places teachers in classrooms. Programs similar to TFA include the New York City Teaching Fellows Program and The New Teacher Project. …


Wajo Regency is one of the districts that have a role in the development and progress of South Sulawesi Province. Therefore, agricultural production facilities will be developed through processing mechanisms to the creative industries. Irrigation will be directed at the development of large-scale and small-scale rural irrigation through artificial embankments, revitalization of swamps and lakes. Whereas in urban areas a residential environment will be held an adjustment, especially near the of Lake Tempe in the area of Sengkang as the Capital of Wajo Regency. The purpose of this study is to find easy access for the community to drinking water and to provide accurate data related to Geographic Information System (GIS)-based regional location conditions. The approach used in this activity is a field survey related to the existing condition of the location by assisting the community, increasing knowledge by training or counseling aimed at solving existing problems in the village / subdistrict in Tempe Subdistrict, Wajo Regency, as well as training and utilizing digital databases related to the profile and potential of the city.
The results of the study obtained were that some districts had several problems, namely, solid waste systems, road networks, inadequate buildings and inadequate clean water especially in Attakae, Maddukelleng, Pattirosompe and Tempe. However, there is potential that can be developed to improve the regional economy, such as the silk industry and wood industry.


This study examined both the long-run and short-run effect of Western Financial Institutions loan conditions on Rwanda economy via International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1986 to 2016. Many scholars have questioned the benefits of those conditions to the beneficial economies. The objectives of this study were to analyse the effect of IMF conditionality of currency devaluation, reduction of government expenditure and trade liberalization on Goss Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) and National Savings (NS) of Rwanda. The researcher made use of secondary data sourced from the data bank of World Bank. The formulated hypotheses were tested using Ordinary Least Square method and Granger causality test. The result revealed all the indices of IMF conditionality have significant effect on selected macro-economic variables of Rwanda. These effects are Negative with GDP GFCF but positive with NS. The researcher advocates for domestically friendly economic policies such as the use of protectionism and fiscal policy that will serve better than externally imposed economic policies that may create other economic problems to the nations that adopted them.


This paper presents a novel image binarization method that can deal with degradations such as shadows, non-uniform illumination, low-contrast, large signal-dependent noise, smear and strain. A pre-processing procedure based on morphological operations is first applied to suppress light/dark structures connected to image border. A novel binarization concept based on difference of gamma functions is presented. Next Generalized Extreme Value Distribution (GEVD) is used to find proper threshold for binarization with a significance level. Proposed method emphasizes on region of interest (with the help of morphological operations) and generates less noisy artifacts (due to GEVD). It is much simpler than other methods and works better on degraded documents and natural scene images


This paper presents the main features of an analytical model recently developed to predict the near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips shear strength contribution to a reinforced concrete (RC) beam throughout the beam's loading process. It assumes that the possible failure modes that can affect the ultimate behavior of an NSM FRP strip comprise: loss of bond (debonding); concrete semiconical tensile fracture; mixed shallow-semicone-plus-debonding; and strip tensile fracture. That model was developed by fulfilling equilibrium, kinematic compatibility, and constitutive law of both the adhered materials and the bond between them. The debonding process of an NSM FRP strip to concrete was interpreted and closed-form equations were derived after proposing a new local bond stress-slip relationship. The model proposed also addressed complex phenomena such as the interaction between the force transferred to the surrounding concrete through bond stresses and concrete fracture as well as the interaction among adjacent strips. The main features of the proposed modeling strategy are shown along with the main underlying physical-mechanical concepts and assumptions. Using recent experimental data, the predictive performance of the model is assessed. The model is also applied to single out the influence of relevant parameters on the NSM technique effectiveness for the shear strengthening of RC beams.


English, which is recognised as the world ́s most widely used, most important language and the international lingua franca, was subordinated to French across the Middle Ages, just the same as it happens in Galicia today between Galician and Spanish. In the same way its phonetic and phonological system shows great differences and also some similarities with our language. We consider that both, the phonetic and the historical aspect, could be developed and used in the classrooms so that the students would profit from that.


In order to quickly reconstruct a wireless communications network destroyed by a disaster, we propose a resilient mobile-mesh-network deployment algorithm to autonomously build a mobile mesh network in a desired area by focusing on wireless base stations with autonomous mobile function. Our proposed method is an adaptive network deployment algorithm based on the simple position estimation technique using only the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). By determining the order of movement and movement direction of mobile base stations, we specifically employ (1) move and reference modes and (2) moving direction control based on a time variation of the RSSI. After verifying the proposed method using simulations, we clarified an effectiveness of proposed algorithm from the view point of total moving distance by compared with reference method.


Disclosed are a method and an apparatus which detect a moving entity using differences in images. According to an aspect of the current embodiment, provided is an apparatus for detecting an entity characterized by comprising: a difference calculating unit which calculates a plurality of difference images representing differences among a plurality of image frames received at predetermined intervals; a region selecting unit which divides each of the difference images into a plurality of regions, thereby determines occupying ratios of effective pixels present in each region of each difference image, and selects one or more candidate regions by using the differences between the occupying ratios of the effective pixels; and an entity detecting unit which determines densities of the effective pixels present in the one or more candidate regions selected by the region selecting unit with regard to each difference image and thereby detects an entity in the image frame.


As the foundation of operation, data are of great importance to dispatching automation system. However, abstract data are to some extent abstruse, greatly harming the performance of dispatching automation system. Modern computer techniques, especially image and graphic techniques, provide us a brand-new approach to visualize the data and change the whole visage of dispatching automation system. In this paper, five key techniques used in the graphic module of dispatching automation system are presented, namely construction of data requests via semantic network, optimization of data request (data users and data providers), multiple output buffer, data tracking, communication and interaction between primary process and associate processes. These techniques are helpful to connect databases with user interface directly, visualize the abstract data, improve the efficiency of dispatchers and optimize the whole process of electric power system.


Dynamics of urban environments are a challenge to a sustainable development. Urban areas promise wealth, realization of individual dreams and power. Hence, many cities are characterized by a population growth as well as physical development. Traditional, visual mapping and updating of urban structure information of cities is a very laborious and cost-intensive task, especially for large urban areas. For this purpose, we developed a workflow for the extraction of the relevant information by means of object-based image classification. In this manner, multisensoral remote sensing data has been analyzed in terms of very high resolution optical satellite imagery together with height information by a digital surface model to retrieve a detailed 3D city model with the relevant land-use / land-cover information. This information has been aggregated on the level of the building block to describe the urban structure by physical indicators. A comparison between the indicators derived by the classification and a reference classification has been accomplished to show the correlation between the individual indicators and a reference classification of urban structure types. The indicators have been used to apply a cluster analysis to group the individual blocks into similar clusters.


The recently discovered superconductor, UTe$_2$, has attracted immense scientific interest due to the experimental observations that suggest odd-parity superconductivity. It is believed that the material becomes a heavy-fermion metal at low temperatures although details of the normal state are unclear. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the normal state electronic structure of UTe$_2$ was investigated at zero applied magnetic field. Combining the measured reflectivity with the dc resistivity, the complex optical conductivity was obtained over a large frequency range. The frequency dependence of the real part of the optical conductivity exhibits a MIR peak around 4000 cm$^{-1}$ and a narrow Drude peak that develops below 40 K. A combination of density functional and dynamic mean field theory (DFT + DMFT) gives spectra in close correspondence to the experiment. Via this comparison we attribute the prominent MIR peak to inter-band transitions involving a narrow U 5$f$ feature that develops near the Fermi level. In this regard, our data gives spectroscopic evidence for the existence of a low energy Kondo resonance at temperatures just above the onset of superconductivity and implicates heavy electrons in the formation of the superconducting state. We find that the coherent Kondo resonance is primarily associated with a collapse of scattering and less with a transfer of spectral weight.


The theory of wavelet transform is introduced. The time frequency localization features of the wavelet transform and the signal wavelet transform and the signal wavelet decomposition algorithm based on the multi resolution analysis are analyzed. The signal local singularities during the wavelet transform are studied according to the propagation features of the fault signal modulus maximums during the wavelet transform on the different scales, and by use of the signal wavelet decomposition algorithm. The rolling bearings of 308 type vibration acceleration fault signal is decomposed.The fault characteristic signal on time domain is positioned and the results are given. The fault characteristic frequency is f =46.88 Hz. The results show that the wavelet transform is an efficient method to inspect online and fault diagnosis for the rolling bearings.


The Confucian school before Qin Danasty originates from the context of the ancient sacrifice-offering culture,It takes the great responsibility of inheritance and regulation of the sacrifice-offering culture consciously or unconsciously.It begins with the religious beliefs such as matching the morality with God and respective administration of God and human.It emphasizes the importance of the sacrifice-offering as the social role of the people's administration especially its function of political culture integration and moral teaching.At the same time,sacrifice-offering is thought to be owned the effect of transmitting and unhesitating culture,social communication as well as reuniting collective.It puts the core thought of the sacrifice as "respect".In this way,its original purpose which is seeking for happiness and avoiding disasters or sickness,alters into developing sense of honesty,royal and respect.It argues that offering sacrifices of our ancestors forwards the attitude integrated by emotion and reason.That constitutes the traditional sacrifice-offering culture with Chinese characteristics.


The invention concerns an electric switch assembly comprising multipolar quick-assembly appliance and quick-connect appliances which can be quickly assembled. The body of an appliance, or its power terminal strip, is directly fixed to the body of the adjacent appliance, for example by fitting protuberances (37) in slots (26) and interlocking. The interconnection between the various appliances is rapidly performed by multipolar blocks capable of being pressed on the front surfaces of appliances and of being elastically plugged in their terminals. The invention is applicable to a motor-starter block.


Residual stress in the epoxy plate during a rapid cooling process was measured by the layer removal method and calculated by the linear thermoviscoelastic theory considering specific volume relaxation. The relaxations of the tensile modulus and specific volume were measured by an Instron thermomechanical analyzer. When the starting temperature of the cooling process was near the glass transition temperature of the cured epoxy, the residual stress in the epoxy plate was smaller than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. However, the transient stress in the cured epoxy plate was higher when the starting temperature was near the glass transition temperature than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. The quenched epoxy plate was compressed in the direction parallel to the surface and expanded in the thickness direction.


The magnesium (Mg) isotopic composition of marine authigenic carbonates is considered as promising archive of ancient seawater geochemistry and paleoenvironments. Previous experimental and theoretical work has shown that Mg isotope fractionation during carbonate mineral formation is a function of mineralogy and precipitation rate. However, information on Mg isotope fractionation is limited for well-defined precipitation rates in natural settings. Here, we investigate pore waters from sediments of an area of active methane seepage in the South China Sea. Low δ13C values (< −48.3‰ VPDB) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) near the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) indicate that sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) is the predominant biogeochemical process. Pore water composition of dissolved Mg, calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr) agrees with aragonite as the dominant carbonate mineral at the site ROV1, and high Mg-calcite at sites ROV2 and ROV4. Calculated carbonate precipitation rates are 0.92 μmol cm−2 yr−1 for site ROV2 and 1.24 μmol cm−2 yr−1 for site ROV4; these estimates are similar to previous calculations for seeps from other areas. The pore water δ26Mg values (−0.88‰ to −0.71‰) obtained for the three study sites are similar to those of seawater, in accord with a minor effect of Rayleigh fractionation due to abundant supply of Mg from seawater and insignificant consumption of Mg during carbonate precipitation. The modeled Mg isotope fractionation (ϵ = −2.0‰ to −1.0‰ for core ROV2; ϵ = −1.3‰ to −0.3‰ for core ROV4) can be explained by kinetic isotope fractionation during carbonate precipitation. The calculated carbonate precipitation rates and the degree of fractionation of Mg isotopes support the notion that fractionation is small at high precipitation rates. However, the carbonate precipitation rates calculated for the studied seep environments are much smaller than those in laboratory experiments, documenting a discrepancy of isotopic fractionation between carbonate authigenesis in laboratory experiments and natural environments. These results, including the modeled precipitation rates, provide new constraints for Mg isotope fractionation in natural settings.


Purpose – The paper presents a new paradigm for implementing action learning in a key subject area in a program.Design/methodology/approach – An action research‐based course evaluation methodology was linked to course design and development at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Involving students via effective communication provided a sense of connection and greater understanding for instructors in terms of engagement through direct insight into relevant issues of student learning and knowledge management.Findings – The use of this and a wide variety of other relevant information via the application of action research provided an innovative platform that embedded the desire to innovate and improve the learning outcomes by combining course evaluation with a continuous course design process. This has been shown to be a far more effective method than the narrow measurement process of student course evaluation questionnaires.Research limitations/implications – As with all action research this is a continu...


In this article, we trace in two parts the changing community profile of boys studying in primary schools in Madras Presidency during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. We first present a summary of the community profile of boys studying in the indigenous schools in the different linguistic regions of the Presidency as recorded in a detailed survey conducted by the Presidency government during 1822–25. We then discuss the growth of primary education in the Presidency under the new governmental education system during the period 1835–85. Our study is based on the annual Reports of the Department of Public Instruction (RDPI), which are available from the year 1855, the Census reports of 1871 and 1881, and the Report of the Education Commission of 1881. During 1883–90, the RDPI also give detailed district-level data that enables us to compile the community profile of boys studying in the primary schools in different linguistic regions of the Presidency for the year 1884–85 and compare it with the profile of boys studying in the indigenous schools in ca. 1825.


The feasibility of a complete all-optical message encoding, error detection and correction system based in the (7,4) Hamming code is demonstrated. The results show a realistic optical simulation working at 10 Gbps.


MANY clinicians presently believe that the attack rate of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in children has decreased sharply in recent years, and that there exists a marked geographic difference in the severity of the disease from one part of the world to another. A closer appraisal of the available data, however, does not support this contention. 1 On the contrary, a resurgence of ARF has been reported from several areas for the past few years Likewise, a comparison of prospective studies from different parts ofthe world documents that the clinical profile of ARF among children does not show a true geographic difference. The purpose of the present communication is to discuss the following aspects of ARF during childhood: (1) diagnosis, (2) management, (3) prognosis, and (4) prevention. clearly


Ngā Tohuwhenua Mai Te Rangi: A New Zealand Archeology in Aerial Photographs - Sealing and whaling - Te Awaiti , in Tory Channel, site of the first shore whaling station of 1827 On the far ridge are the pits of a pre-European Maori settlement, possibly occupied also in the whaling era. At the foot of the ridge slope just in from the beach are the de...


Provided that the pathologist is experienced, frozen section diagnosis of suspected malignant melanoma of the skin is remarkably accurate. Not only can the pathologist diagnose malignancy but he can often indicate the level of invasion of the dermis by the tumour cells. This is a most important prognostic sign and guides the surgeon in his further management of the patient. The use of a cryostat is considered essential to allow better study of the cytological changes. The main indications for the technique are to make a precise diagnosis when there is suspicion of a malignant melanoma, and to confirm the clinical diagnosis before deciding on the extent of surgery. Its use in small tumours and for the detection of lymph node metastases is not advocated.


Genesis 2:18-24 O N A RECENT PLANE TRIP, I happened to read an article in USA Today about the wives of presidential candidates. The article drew the conclusion that, in 1987, candidates' wives could no longer be viewed as "helpmates" but had lives and careers and opinions of their own. There is no doubt in my mind that, in the midst ofan otherwise secular and political newspaper article, the word "helpmate" was a reference to Genesis 2: 18-24 and reflected the traditional interpretation of that passage of Scripture. Even people who know little else about the Bible are familiar with this text, and with its usual interpretation. They know that it is about marriage as a divinely-ordained institution and about the creation of woman as man's subordinate "helpmate." Or is it?


Abstract Let A denote the set of all functions analytic in U = {z: |;z| < 1} equipped with the topology of unifrom convergence on compact subsets of U. For F ∈ A define Let s(F) and s(F) denote the closed convex hull of s(F) and the set of extreme points of , respectively. Let R denote the class of all F ∈ A such that = {Fx}: |x| = 1} where Fx = F(xz). We prove that |An| ≤ |AMN| for all positive integers M and N, and for . We also prove that if , then F is a univelaent halfplane mapping.


The principle of ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microcomputer is introduced.It consists of transmitting circuit,pre-amplifier filter,AGC,shaping circuit,MCU,temperature compensation and RS 485 serial interface circuit.The system has a better anti-interference ability,and the design of non-contract measurement is used.After being debugged,it has high measurement precision of full range from 0.2 to 15 m.


We present XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the low-mass X-ray binary XSS J12270–4859, which experienced a dramatic decline in optical / X-ray brightness at the end of 2012, indicative of the disappearance of its accretion disk. In this new state, the system exhibits previously absent orbital-phase-dependent, large-amplitude X-ray modulations with a decline in flux at superior conjunction. The X-ray emission remains predominantly non-thermal but with an order of magnitude lower mean luminosity and significantly harder spectrum relative to the previous high flux state. This phenomenology is identical to the behavior of the radio millisecond pulsar (MSP) binary PSR J1023+0038 in the absence of an accretion disk, where the X-ray emission is produced in an intra-binary shock driven by the pulsar wind. This further demonstrates that XSS J12270–4859 no longer has an accretion disk and has transformed to a full-fledged eclipsing "redback" system that hosts an active rotation-powered MSP. There is no evidence for diffuse X-ray emission associated with the binary that may arise due to outflows or a wind nebula. An extended source situated 1 . (cid:3) 5 from XSS J12270–4859 is unlikely to be associated, and is probably a previously uncataloged galaxy cluster.


Ayurveda excellences quotes that Diabetes mellitus(DM)as Rich man disease because of its known etiological factor like enjoying the pleasure of life with reduced/no physical activity and leading sedentary life.DM can be understood by Madhumeha in Ayurveda,a type of Prameha.In recent year DM has emerged as a consequential public health issue by becoming an endemic disease and affecting peoples of all age, sex, socio-economic status.It depicted by hyperglycemia with cardinal features of Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia, which adds up the menace of impairment and disability. Statistic show's that in India presently approx.,32 million people are suffering from diabetes and the future affliction is projected to 80 million by the year 2030.Many herbal drugs are mentioned for Madhumeha in Ayurveda science. Here an attempt is made to analyze the effect of "Godhuma Patra Swarasa (Wheat grass juice)" which is used by many traditional practitioners of India. As though there is no direct reference of use of Godhuma Patra Swarasa but Godhuma has been told as Pathya in Prameha ,by this use of Godhuma patra can be traced out.This analysis showed good result in reducing cardinal features of DM.