Transient radio sources are necessarily compact and usually are the locations of explosive or dynamic events, therefore offering unique opportunities for probing fundamental physics and astrophysics. In addition, shortduration transients are powerful probes of intervening media owing to dispersion, scattering and Faraday rotation that modify the signals. While radio astronomy has an impressive record obtaining high time resolution, usually it is achieved in quite narrow fields of view. Consequently, the dynamic radio sky is poorly sampled, in contrast to the situation in the X-ray and γ-ray bands. The SKA has the potential to change this situation, opening up new parameter space in the search for radio transients. We summarize the wide variety of known and hypothesized radio transients and demonstrate that the SKA offers considerable power in exploring this parameter space. Requirements on the SKA to search the parameter space include the abilities to (1) Make targeted searches using beamforming capability; (2) Conduct blind, all-sky surveys with dense sampling of the frequency-time plane in wide fields; (3) Sample the sky with multiple fields of view from spatially well-separated sites in order to discriminate celestial and terrestrial signals; (4) Utilize as much of the SKA's aggregate collecting area as possible in blind surveys, thus requiring a centrally condensed configuration; and (5) Localize repeating transient sources to high angular precision, requiring a configuration with long baselines, thus requiring collecting area in both a centrally condensed "core" array and sufficient area on long baselines.


The difficulty and the challenge of this subject is that in order to speak ofhealth, one must speak ofall dimensions oflife which are united in man. And no one can be an expert in all of them. But confronting this challenge is the destiny of the philosopher and the theologian, insofar as they should envisage the whole of life. In any case, only a limited part of the immense problem can be covered.


Over the past 10 years the City Industrial Rail has undergone significant changes. During this 10 year period the City and Ryder had an operating agreement which governed the switching and maintenance of the CIR. 7 years ago Ryder subcontracted the switching operations to the Burlington Junction Railway out of Burlington Iowa. The BJRY operates in 7 locations across the Midwest and is considered to be one of the premier Short line switching operators in the country. With the expiration of the Operating agreement between Ryder and the City on April 16, 2015 the City entered into a interim agreement with the BJRY to operate the CIR under the City of Rochelle until the City Council approves a new 5 year operating agreement between the City and BJRY. The new operating agreement has defined new revenue allocations which include the City receiving 25% of the switch absorption fees into the Railroads general funds and an additional 15% to be deposited in the CIR Capital Improvements funds. Additionally the City receives 100% of the storage fees for customers who have a need for temporary storage of rail cars.


The technology of selection of a polymerization purity isobutylene, what operating at plants in Russia, is based on the synthesis of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) by hydration of isobutylene contained in the feed hydrocarbon fractions, followed by isolation and decomposition of TBA. The isobutylene hydration is carried out in a reactive-extraction reactor in the presence of a sulfate cationite catalyst and countercurrent flow reactants. In the article the way of a process in a flow reactor at a ratio of reactants close to the stoichiometric is proposed to upgrade the existing technology. The dependence of the conversion of isobutylene and by-products (dimers, sec-butanol) from the starting feed hydrocarbon and parameters of the process is studied. The isobutane-isobutylene (IIF), and butylene-isobutylene (BIF) fractions are used as feed. It is shown that the conversion of isobutylene fraction less for BIF feed, and the concentration of by-products for more than in case of IIF feed. The scheme of the process of synthesis of TBA with a flow-through reactor and reaction-extraction type is proposed, which allows to increase the capacity of existing production, while reducing power consumption of the whole process through a concentrated solution TBA at outlet from the flow reactor and obtain isobutylene purity of at least 99, 99 wt.%.


Low-temperature specific heats and electrical resistivities were measured on 12 samples in two series of Ca0.7Mg0.3-xAlx and Ca0.6Mg0.4-xAlx metallic glasses over the temperature ranges 1.5-6 and 2-300 K respectively. The Hall coefficient was also measured for all Ca0.7Mg0.3-xAlx metallic glasses in the range 77-300 K. A substantial departure from the free electron behaviour is deduced from the composition dependence of the electronic specific heat coefficient. The electrical resistivity is found to vary widely from 50 to 400 mu Omega cm as Mg is replaced by Al. The temperature dependence of resistivity in the low resistivity regime ( rho <150 mu Omega cm) can be explained in the generalized Faber-Ziman theory. The electron transport in the high-resistivity regime (200-400 mu Omega cm) is found to be still strongly composition- and temperature-dependent. These unique features are, the authors believe, far beyond the scope of the generalised Faber-Ziman theory.


Medicinal and Aromatic plants form a numerically large group of economically important plants which provide basic raw materials for medicines, perfumes, flavours and cosmetics etc. Kalmegh is an important medicinal plant. It has been effectively used in traditional Asian medicines. A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 & 2018 at Medicinal Plants Research and Development Centre (M. R. D. C) of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to study the effect of application of Organic and different doses of Nitrogen on growth attributes viz: Plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, Number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation (g/m) of Kalmegh. Results revealed that, among, application of different organic manures, higher growth attributes were recorded in the plots treated with Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha over poultry manure @ 5 t/ha & no organic manure application (Control) while among application of different Nitrogen doses, increasing growth trend of kalmegh was observed in the plots treated with 75 (37.5+37.5) Kg N/ha in to 2 splits (First as basal and second as top dress at 25 DAT) and 75 kg N as basal followed by 50 and 0 kg nitrogen per hectare with same P and K.


Let {λn} be a sequence of non-negative numbers increasing to infinity. Let be any series. Following the usual terminology, we say that the series is summable (R, λn, k) to s if as u → ∞, where . If, further, u−kA(k)(u) is of bounded variation in (0, ∞), we say that the series is summable s. We say that the series is summable (A, λn) to s if converges for all σ > 0, and tends to s as σ →0+. If A, B are two summability methods, we write A → B ('A implies B') if they have the property that any series summable A is necessarily summable B to the same sum.


Cost accounting is the guarantee of Higher Education development. The paper discusses the necessity, the content, the principle and the premise of cost accounting of higher education.


Electrical Activity and RhoA in the Embryo. Introduction: Myocardium at the venous pole (sinus venosus) of the heart has gained clinical interest as arrhythmias can be initiated from this area. During development, sinus venosus myocardium is incorporated to the primary heart tube and expresses different markers than primary myocardium. We aimed to elucidate the development of sinus venosus myocardium, including the sinoatrial node (SAN), by studying expression patterns of RhoA in relation to other markers, and by studying electrical activation patterns of the developing sinus venosus myocardium.


Poisson's ratio () is the negative of the ratio of the transverse strain to the longitudinal strain for a uniaxial stress state. The adjustment of is receiving increasing interest as a means of tailoring the ductility of glasses. This has been motivated by the observation of intrinsic ductility in high- (above 0.32) bulk metallic glasses, but it is unknown whether the same relation between ductility and exists in oxide glasses since all known oxide compositions exhibit -values below or around 0.32. In this study, we attempt to manufacture high- oxide glasses using two approaches both based on La2O3 incorporation: (i) Known high- glass compositions (La2O3-containing aluminoborate, aluminogermanate, and aluminosilicate) are first synthesized, and then subjected to hot compression treatment to further increase their atomic packing density and thus likely high . (ii) ZnO-B2O3 glass composition is doped with increasing amounts of La2O3 to increase . These glass systems are investigated using various characterization tech-niques to understand the mechanical response of high- oxide glasses. Elastic moduli including -values are determined through Brillouin light scattering and ultrasonic echography techniques. Hardness, crack resistance, and cracking patterns of all glasses are investigated using Vicker's microindentation. For selected compositions, annealing-induced volume recovery of indentation imprints is studied to shed light on the deformation mechanisms controlling the response of glass to sharp-contact loading. Finally, micro-Raman spectroscopy is used to acquire Raman spectra in the as-made and the hot compressed glasses, as well as inside the Vicker's indentation imprints of the as-made glasses. The deformation and cracking characteristics are linked with structural features of the investigated glass compositions.


Objective:With an UV method to evaluate the dissolution of bicalutamide tablets with micronized ingre- dient as a generic product.Method:The dissolution of the tablets was compared with the import brand bicalutamide tablets in several solutions.The dissolution rate was detected by UV spectrophotometer.Results:Similar dissolution activities were observed in a same solution between the generic and import brand tablets.1% (w/v) dodecyl sulfate solution was selected as the optimum medium with a paddle method at 50 r·min~(-1).As a result,both generic and import brand tablets had a dissolution rate more than 75% through 30 min test.Conclusion:Micronization process is necessary for bicalutamide tablets to obtain a similar dissolution to the brand product.


The paper analyzes discourse practicies of the local print media aimed at the formation of political identity. It considers, in particular, the coverage of the project "Popular Vote" by the periodicals in the time of regional election to the post of city manager. The paper finds out the grid points of the political discourse and concludes upon the specific characteristics of the process of forming the political identity in Perm.


Recent advances in geophysical methods have been increasingly exploited as inverse modeling tools in groundwater hydrology. In particular, several attempts to constrain the hydrogeophysical inverse problem to reduce inversion errors have been made using time‐lapse geophysical measurements through both coupled and uncoupled (also known as sequential) inversion approaches. Despite the appeal and popularity of coupled inversion approaches, their superiority over uncoupled methods has not been proved conclusively; the goal of this work is to provide an objective comparison between the two approaches within a specific inversion modeling framework based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Using EnKF and a model of Lagrangian transport, we compare the performance of a fully coupled and uncoupled inversion method for the reconstruction of heterogeneous saturated hydraulic conductivity fields through the assimilation of ERT‐monitored tracer test data. The two inversion approaches are tested in a number of different scenarios, including isotropic and anisotropic synthetic aquifers, where we change the geostatistical parameters used to generate the prior ensemble of hydraulic conductivity fields. Our results show that the coupled approach outperforms the uncoupled when the prior statistics are close to the ones used to generate the true field. Otherwise, the coupled approach is heavily affected by "filter inbreeding" (an undesired effect of variance underestimation typical of EnKF), while the uncoupled approach is more robust, being able to correct biased prior information, thanks to its capability of capturing the solute travel times even in presence of inversion artifacts such as the violation of mass balance. Furthermore, the coupled approach is more computationally intensive than the uncoupled, due to the much larger number of forward runs required by the electrical model. Overall, we conclude that the relative merit of the coupled versus the uncoupled approach cannot be assumed a priori and should be assessed case by case.


The frequencies of geometric helicon resonances were measured for systems of two similar metal samples separated by known distances. The measured frequencies were found to vary with sample separation in a predictable manner based on the existence of spatially decaying fields external to the samples.


Problems with the division of human sciences into two parts. It is epistemologically motivated to describe the human sciences as divided into one objectivistic (nature/body) and one intersubjectivistic (society) part. The problem is to bridge these parts, and evolutionary theory is chosen as a possible instrument. As a preparation it is necessary to find the relevant epistemological and ontological categories. Two epistemological (objectivism and intersubjectivism) and three ontological (levels of aggregation, position of actors and plans of reality) dimensions are discussed together with some fundamental methodological problems. Another important part of the task is to elucidate societal change in relation to different types of societal patterns (from laws to similarities and differences).


Systems and methods for distributing applications across a server and one or more nodes in a network. When a node is turned on or booted, a node application is requested from the server and loaded on the node. The node application provides a user interface through which other feature applications are selected and run on the node. The node application loads/unloads selected applications and manages node resources for those applications. Each application is developed with a process portion that runs on the server and a user interface portion that is loaded on the node. The node application also provides support to the user interface portion of each application such that the applications may construct user interfaces using the available standards provided by the node application.


The 'Life Model' described by Germain and Gitterman (1980) is a well known model for social work intervention. Nevertheless, a closer look discovers that this model is actually a role concentration model relying heavily on social workers' intervention. In working with mental health clients and ex-patients, this model risks reinforcing their submissiveness, passivity and withdrawn nature in the process of intervention, with a result of temporary and isolated rehabilitation.


A21-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with lower abdominal pain, which had started suddenly during urination. She noted at the time of onset that she felt hot and pre-syncopal. In the ED, she described the pain as "a stitch" and rated its severity as 6/10. It was constant in nature, with no aggravating or relieving factors. Her menstrual flow had started a day earlier and her last menstrual period was one month before. The past medical history was unremarkable, she took no prescription medication, and had no allergies. She smoked "crack" cocaine regularly but had not done so on the day of presentation. She denied intravenous drug use and admitted to 12 drinks per week. Examination revealed an alert woman in minimal distress. Respiratory rate was 16 breaths/min, oxygen saturation was 99% on room air, heart rate was 64 beats/min, blood pressure was 100/60 mm Hg, and temperature was 37.1°C. Physical findings included bilateral lower quadrant tenderness with mild guarding but no rebound. A speculum exam showed a small amount of bright red blood in the posterior vaginal vault, and bimanual exam revealed no adnexal masses but moderate bilateral tenderness, with the left more tender than the right. The uterus was slightly enlarged but nontender. The bedside urine pregnancy test was positive, and quantitative serum beta-hCG was subsequently reported at 600 mIU/ml. Transabdominal and endovaginal sonography revealed an empty uterus, unremarkable ovaries and follicles, no adenexal masses and no free fluid. The patient was discharged with instructions to return in 2 days for a repeat beta-hCG measurement. She was also told to return immediately if her pain or bleeding worsened. The most likely diagnosis in this case is:


The Peruvian Indian community of Vicos had existed in a state of relative cultural stability for a very long time prior to the intervention of the Cornell Peru Project. So long had this stability endured that the Vicosinos and other Indians of the neighborhood had developed subculture spatially and socially isolated from modern Western civilization.


This paper presents a numerical approach to the pedestrian map-matching problem using building plans. The proposed solution is based on a sequential Monte Carlo method, so called particle filtering. This algorithm can be adapted for implementation on real-time pedestrian navigation systems using low-cost MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers as dead-reckoning sensors. The algorithm reliability and accuracy performance was investigated using simulated data typical for pedestrians walking inside building. The results show that this map-aided dead reckoning system is able to provide accurate indoor positioning for long periods of time without using GPS data.


Highly promising locales for biosignature prospecting on Mars are ancient hydrothermal deposits, formed by the interaction of surface water with heat from volcanism or impacts [1-3]. On
Earth, they occur throughout the geological record (to
at least ~3.5 Ga), preserving robust mineralogical, textural and compositional evidence of thermophilic microbial activity [e.g., 3-5]. Hydrothermal systems were
likely present early in Mars' history [6], including at
two of the three finalist candidate landing sites for
M2020, Columbia Hills [7-9] and NE Syrtis Major [10
& refs. therein]. Hydrothermal environments on Earth's
surface are varied, constituting subaerial hot spring
aprons, mounds and fumaroles; shallow to deep-sea
hydrothermal vents (black and white smokers); and
vent mounds and hot-spring discharges in lacustrine
and fluvial settings. Biological information can be preserved by rapid, spring-sourced mineral precipitation
[1,2,9], but also could be altered or destroyed by postdepositional events [5,11,12]. Thus, field observations
need to be followed by detailed laboratory analysis to
verify potential biosignatures.


AMIR II compactor was used in the construction of an asphalt pavement on a test section along with a set of conventional rollers in order to study the difference between the rollers. Field Permeability, compaction and density tests were carried out on the paved sections and the results were analyzed. The results supported the findings of earlier AMIR field trials and indicated that hot mix asphalt that is compacted with the AMIR II had a much lower permeability and equivalent density achieved with fewer roller passes. AMIR II roller is further able to provide surface texture that is tight and crack free which suggests a longer service life at no extra cost.


The article presents a taxonomic, biomorphological, geographical analysis of the biodiversity of the flora of herbaceous species of pine forests of the Irtysh region, which is represented by 168 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 42 families. Analysis of the largest flora families of herbaceous species shows that the dominant communities are Artemisia L. — Festucaria Heist. ex Fabr. and Artemisia L. — Poaceae Barnhart (Artemisia L., Festuca Heist. ex Fabr., Stipa capillata L.) phytocenoses. In all the studied sites, the following plant species are dominates or codominants of Festuca rupicola Heuff., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Stipa capillata L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Carex supina Willd. ex Wahlenb., Spiraea hypericifolia L. The flora is based on angiosperms, including dicotyledons — 137 species (81 %); monocotyledons — 28 species (16.6 %). Gymnosperms are represented by two species of Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus sabina L., and there is also one species of Eguisetum arvense L. horsetail. The richness of the flora is also emphasized by some quantitative indicators of its taxonomic composition: the average species saturation of one family is 4, the maximum is 36. There are 9 rich families with the number of species above the average (21.4 % of the total number of families), and 22 the poorest, single — species families (52.3 %). The top ten leading families contain 71 % of the total floral diversity. The high level of floristic diversity of the studied territory is due to the variety of ecological conditions of plant habitats (the valley of the Irtysh River with a high variation in moisture and salinity, a variety of rocks of the adjacent riverside uplands) and anthropogenic activities leading to an increase in weed and adventitious plant species.


[R]eproductive rights ... rest on the recognition of the basic right of couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health . .. [taking] into account the needs of their living and future children and their responsibilities towards the community. The promotion of the responsible exercise of these rights for all people should be the fundamental basis for ... community-supported policies and programmes in the area of reproductive health.... Programme of Action adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994, Paragraph 7.3


There are no records of nematodes parasitising sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) or of the occurrence of sheathoid nematodes (Hemicriconemoides spp.) in Pakistan. A survey therefore was undertaken to ascertain the nematode pathogens associated with sapodilla and the general distribution of Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi in the district of Karachi.


We study what are the systemic impact of banks' carry trade and what are the determinants of this flow of international money. With that, we pretend to establish a relation between carry trade, exchange rate exposure and banking system risk which is novel in the literature. We used an unique data for brazilian banks exchange rate transactions combined with other micro and macro data. Our estimates do not discard that this link exists and can be established with temporal adjustments between funding and investment. Such evidence can be verified when we examined the changes of assets as determinants for banks' foreign funding attractiveness in disconnected periods. Those results and future analyzis and extensions of this work may better quantify this effect and serve as a basis for policy makers in terms of analysis of macroprudential policies.


This paper introduces the structural characteristic and the circuit principle of the BOSCH5.3ABS on FUKANG car.It also analyze s its common fault causes of the ABS units and circuits as well as the basic methods of diagnosis and inspection.


The following questions raise issues encountered by law book catalogers in particular, though several questions are more general in scope. The interrogative format is used to draw attention to these issues for the sake of quiet reflection. . . . Since the OCLC "flip" eliminated the form subheading "Laws, statutes, etc." without inserting a uniform title, are you carcful to add the appropriate uniform title? How are you going to relate the older cards under "Laws, statutes, etc." to the AACR2 cards under the uniform title "Laws, etc.," the uniform titles for individual acts, and the uniform titles for subject-oriented codes? Will the new MARC format for analytics usher in the widespread cataloging of law review articles? If so, what would be the criteria for selecting articles for such treatment in your library? Might each


The processing of materials via laser irradiation is presented in a brief survey. Various techniques currently used in laser processing are outlined and the significance to the development of space qualified microinstrumentation are identified. In general the laser processing technique permits the transferring of patterns (i.e. lithography), machining (i.e. with nanometer precision), material deposition (e.g., metals, dielectrics), the removal of contaminants/debris/passivation layers and the ability to provide process control through spectroscopy.


Abstract : An Application Protocol (AP) is a specification for a subset of the data described by the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP). Application Protocols are designed to permit practical implementations of STEP. Validation is needed to ensure that the technical solutions provided by the AP will work in a practical sense. This document proposes that the STEP development policy be strengthened to require that Application Protocols be validated prior to being submitted for standardization. Justification for this additional requirement on Application Protocols is provided. The body of the paper describes a series of validation techniques that are appropriate for the development methods used by STEP. A process is proposed under which these validation techniques should be applied. In addition, this paper describes the contribution that AP validation could make to conformance testing.... AP, Application protocols, Conformance testing, Standard for exchange of product model data, STEP, Testing, Validation.


Higher Education in Cambodia, originated in the end of 1940s, developed in the 60' s, was destroyed in the 70' s, and renewed in the 80' s, has been making great progress in recent ten years. For its university autonomy, the higher education in Cambodia is rapidly developed, but the wars and traditional culture bring historic challenge to the higher education of Cambodia.


The factor that affect the experiment including classify by hands,Dissociation,demineralization,and the density of heavy liquid were analyzed to improve the purity of the coal macerals according to the principle of the technical of density gradient centrifugation(DGC).


This article develops a procedure for measuring how much is gained by students in a pretest and posttest situation against a target score on the posttest. The author defines a productivity index, Mj, for teacher j as the ratio of estimated gains to an estimated standard that is the distance between an estimate of the pretest and target score. Using language, mathematics, and reading scores on the SAT 9 for 1999 and 2000 from 75 public elementary classrooms (Grades 3-6 in 2000), the author employs a Bayesian implementation of a multivariate mixed model for repeated test scores from individual students. The analysis points to statistically significant gains on the whole for Grades 3, 4, and 6. The strength of the approach lies in a straightforward estimation of the productivity index and a procedure for representing its uncertainty in the form of a productivity profile. This approach also facilitates a Bayesian effect size analysis free from frequentist appeals to noncentral t or F distributions.


At Steph. Byz. s.v. Κοτύλαιον (Antim. fr. 75 Wyss), read ἐν Θηβαΐδος β´: it is in fact very unlikely that Antimachus ever composed an Artemis in two books.


The tribovoltaic effect is the direct-current (DC) output that results from sliding a p-type semiconductor on top of an n-type semiconductor, and it is caused by the electron–hole pairs generated However, the rigid structure of traditional semiconductor limits its potential application in wearable fields. Here, p–type and n–type fabric with semiconductor properties are prepared by doping small organic molecules of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on the carbon atoms of single–wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and three all-fabric direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators based on the tribovoltaic effect (AFDC-TENG) are developed , which exhibit high flexibility, satisfactory comfort, and stable DC output. In addition, the effects of structural parameters and environmental factors on the electrical output of AFDC-TENG are systematically discussed. The output voltage, current, and power density of p-type AFDC-TENG can reach 0.2 V, 0.29 μ A, and 45.5 mV m − 2 at a maximum speed of 0.2 m s − 1 and a sliding frequency of 1 Hz, respectively. This work proposes a simple and scalable design form for all-fabric DC power supply devices, which has potential applications in the future micro/nano energy or self-powered flexible sensors.


The results of theoretical calculations for the ground state and low-lying excited states of SiCu, SiAg, and SiAu, and their ions SiCu+, SiAg+, SiAu+ and SiCu−, SiAg−, SiAu− are presented. Calculations were carried out with high-level correlated methods including relativistic corrections at the level of the Douglas–Kroll approximation. The ground state data are compared with the recent experimental findings and they differ in the assignment of the ground-state symmetry. All neutral silicides are predicted to have the electronic ground state of 2Π symmetry, in agreement with earlier theoretical data. The neutral species and both negative and positive ions of silicides are found to be quite stable in the ground electronic state and in several low-lying excited states. The relativistic effects bring significant contribution to the stabilization of the gold silicide and its ions in all electronic states investigated in this paper. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.


In the present paper, tool wear is analyzed in terms of cutting conditions and material properties. The experimental investigations were carried out with WC-Co cemented carbide and HSS drills, and with AA2024 T351 aluminum alloy as a work material. The tests are made without using any lubricant. Besides, a numerical calculation with Third Wave AdvantEdge finite element software has been successfully used to confirm our experimental analysis.


A rapidly burgeoning literature in judicial politics concerns the variation in elements of writing style such as reading difficulty, cognitive complexity, affective language, and informality in judicial opinions. Some of these studies argue that judges strategically alter their writing style in anticipation of reactions from other actors. Others indicate that writing style is a function of judge characteristics as well as case-related factors. We investigate the correlates of writing style in US Circuit Courts of Appeals by analyzing a stratified random sample consisting of 11,771 opinions. Construing style broadly to encompass several dimensions suggested by prior work, we find that case and judge characteristics explain substantially more variance in writing style than do strategic considerations.


The awareness of intellectual property rights protection is the main components of contemporary universitystudents comprehensive qualities. Todays undergraduates are the main creator and users of the coming intellectualproperties. To make the students protect their intellectual fruits with the Law of Intellectual Property Rights in theirfuture jobs, it is of practical significance to carry out the education of Intellectual Property Rights in their universitystudies.


A menu-driven graphics-based simulation package called DESIGN has been developed. It enables the users to add/delete poles or zeros and vary design requirements such as the value of the gain, damping factor, overshoot, delay time, rise time, bandwidth, resonance frequency, etc., to investigate the effects of these parameters on system performance. The package is free and is designed around the root locus plot of a unity feedback control system in a MS-Window environment. It is a useful tool for both the instructors and the students in a basic control system theory course with a special emphasis on design.


Uveal melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults and is clinically and genetically distinct from skin cutaneous melanoma. In a subset of cases, the oncogenic driver is an activating mutation in CYSLTR2, the gene encoding the G protein–coupled receptor cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLTR2). The mutant CYSLTR2 encodes for the CysLTR2–L129Q receptor, with the substitution of Leu to Gln at position 129 (3.43). The ability of CysLTR2–L129Q to cause malignant transformation has been hypothesized to result from constitutive activity, but how the receptor could escape desensitization is unknown. Here, we characterize the functional properties of CysLTR2–L129Q. We show that CysLTR2–L129Q is a constitutively active mutant that strongly drives Gq/11 signaling pathways. However, CysLTR2–L129Q only poorly recruits β-arrestin. Using a modified Slack–Hall operational model, we quantified the constitutive activity for both pathways and conclude that CysLTR2–L129Q displays profound signaling bias for Gq/11 signaling pathways while escaping β-arrestin–mediated downregulation. CYSLTR2 is the first known example of a G protein–coupled receptor driver oncogene that encodes a highly biased constitutively active mutant receptor. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of CysLTR2–L129Q oncoprotein signaling and suggest CYSLTR2 as a promising potential therapeutic target in uveal melanoma.


The most probable reason for presbyopia, the age-related loss of the accomodation-ability of the eye, is an age-related loss of the elasticity of the lens. To increase the elasticity, resp. regain elasticity we performed different fs-laser-induced cuts with an near-infrared 5 kHz femtosecond laser inside ex-vivo and in-vivo rabbit lenses. Sagittal and annulus cutting patterns in the lens were produced by focusing the laser beam through the cornea inside the lens and creating a laser induced optical breakdown. The cutting results were recorded with light microscopy and finally, after euthanization, changes in the optical fibers of the lens tissue were described.


As a result of the study, the analysis of occurrence of fire hazardous situation during the operation of rectification column of production facility of one of the city's enterprises was carried out. This installation refers to facilities for which additional safety requirements are imposed. The main danger of the operation of rectification columns and their piping used at the installation is thefear of depressurization and theinitiation of gas contamination and fire situation on the site. As theresult of the fire, the rectification column and supporting metal structures can be in flame or be under the influence of thermal radiation from the flame in adjacent column, which can lead to the collapse of structures or to losses of bearing capacity under the influence of high temperatures. Depending on the height of the column, the water supply system can have different ways of distributing water: at small height of the column, manual water nozzles are used with the use of fire hydrants; at considerable height of the columns, stationary water irrigation systems (irrigation rings) are used.


who has the correct Falkland in mind. This is H. A. Evans, writing on "A Shakespearian Controversy of the Eighteenth Century".4 "As Falkland was one of those present on this occasion, this remarkable scene must have taken place before September, i643, when he fell on the field of Newbury" (p. 465). Evans' statement appears to have been overlooked by later commentators, even those, like Baldwin, who cite him (at I, 70 n.). Yet, Evans' terminus ante quem is not correct, either, for others besides Falkland were participants in the "remarkable scene". A composite list from Gildon and Rowe includes: Hales (d. i656), Suckling (d. I642), Falkland (d. i643), Davenant (d. i668), Endymion Porter (d. I649), and Jonson (d. i637). If Ben Jonson was actually present (as Rowe's account has it) to hear Hales say "'That if Mr. Shakespear had not read the Antients, he had not likewise stollen any thing from 'em; (a fault the other [i.e., Jonson] made no Conscience of)"', we may well wonder with Baldwin (I, 23) why choleric Jonson did not run Hales through. I pass no judgment on the credibility of the whole story; but if it is a true one, then the events must have happened before i637, not "before i633" nor yet "before September, i643".


Coating parts based on innovation plastic-coating technology.Modeling and analysis of its mechanical stress characteristic based on Pro / Engineering.Its characteristic of wear and corrosion resistance were analyzed.In a conclusion,it can save material cost and processing easy under certain conditions if casting steel parts after plastic-coating can replace stainless steel.Plastic-coating can be promoted in mechanical parts like a case valve,and it provide a kind of reference method to achieve mechanical parts characteristics of anti-corrosion,wear,low cost,convenient process and so on.


In this short paper, some globally asymptotical stability criteria for the equilibrium states of a class of discrete-time dynamic neural networks with continuous states and asymmetrical weight matrices are presented. The resulting stability criteria are represented by either the existence of the positive diagonal solutions of the Lyapunov equations or some inequalities. Finally, some examples are provided for demonstrating the global stability conditions presented.


Abstract: Garlic contains more than 200 chemicals. It contains sulfur compounds (allicin, alliin and agoene), unstable oils, proteins (allinase, peroxidase and miracynase), carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose), and minerals (selenium). It too contains amino acids (cysteine, glutamine, isoleucine and methionine), which offer assistance to ensure cells from the hurts of free radicals, bioflavonoids (quercetin and cyanidin, allistatin I and allistatin II and vitamins C, E and A), which offer assistance to secure us from oxidation operators and free radicals. Comes about demonstrated that treatment with garlic caused critical (P<0.05) increment in body weight (BW) and relative weight of, brine, testicles, testosterone, T3 and T4. Whereas, diminish the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone in plasma compared to control creatures.


The reaction between diphenyltin(IV) dichloride and
thiosemicarbazide using acetone–ethanol as solvent resulted in the
formation of bis(acetone
thiosemicarbazone-S)dichlorodiphenyltin(IV),
SnPh
 2
Cl
 2
(atsc)
 2
. The crystal structure
determination of the compound revealed it to be a monomeric
six-co-ordinated organotin(IV) complex. Each of the two atsc
functions as a monodentate ligand, co-ordinating to the tin atom through
the sulfur atom and conferring a distorted-octahedral geometry upon the
tin. The Sn–S bond length is 2.712(1) A. The antifungal
activity of the complex, atsc and SnPh
 2
Cl
 2
 against
four plant pathogens has been evaluated. The complex displays marked
fungitoxicity against these fungi and is more fungitoxic than free atsc
and SnPh
 2
Cl
 2
. It has also shown significant
cytotoxicity against human colon adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma,
hepatocellular carcinoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


In recent years, governmental and nongovernmental organizations in many low-income countries have introduced financial inclusion programs, whereby the poor are the most targeted. However, most of the targeted people, including the poor have limited access to labour income, and consequently are credit constrained. In addition, constraints in age, bank regulations, lack of knowledge of the members, and infrastructures are hindering the efforts to financial inclusion.
This study set out to determine the effect of credit on welfare improvement of KUSACCO
members. It aimed at identifying the contribution of loan granted by KUSACCO to the
improvement of wealth, education, and health of the KUSACCO members.
Primary data on the selected respondents were collected using a structured interview schedule and secondary data were obtained from the Umurenge SACCO Headquarters. The effect of credit is obtained by comparing the level of wealth, education, and health during the period before and after credit is granted to the members. In addition, to ensure that the effect is significant, the ANOVA test was performed, and results confirm the positive effect of credit on income of the members. Future studies on welfare improvement effect of credit should include all other determinants of w, and also at the whole country level.


First-principles calculations on stoichiometric Mo{sub n}S{sub 2n} and W{sub n}S{sub 2n} (n=1-8) clusters show that their lowest energy atomic structures are dominated by a central core of metal atoms while the S atoms cap this core. We discuss in detail terminal, edge, and face capping of tetrahedral and octahedral Mo clusters by sulfur atoms for off-stoichiometric compositions also. Capping on the terminal sites is found to be least favorable. Edge capped Mo{sub 4}S{sub 6} and face capped Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8} clusters have high symmetries and high stability among all the clusters we have studied. We find that magnetic isomers are lowest in energy for some clusters though bulk MS{sub 2} (M=Mo and W) is nonmagnetic. Our results on Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8+p} (p=0-6) clusters further show that Mo{sub 6}S{sub 12} is magic with 4{mu}{sub B} magnetic moment. The origin of magnetism and bonding nature in these clusters is discussed. Our finding could lead to the possibility of magnetic clusters of a variety of nonmagnetic transition-metal compounds and their interesting assemblies.


No increase in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was found by addition of GA3 solution in the enzyme extraction. But acid phosphatase activity was found to be increased in pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) treated with GA3, which was mainly caused by the significant increase in inorganic phosphate (Pi) content. Phospholipase D activities decreased gradually during the period of fruit ripening but GA3 treatment slowed down these processes. On the other hand, the increase of PPO activities in fruit treated with GA3 was enhanced by the addition of ABA treatment.


The QUT team participated in the NTCIR-13 Neurally Augmented Image Labeling Strategies (NAILS) task, this report describes our approach to solving the problem of developing machine learning models for classifying EEG data from an RSVP image search task. We explore the use of commonly used successful methodologies from the P300 Speller Paradigm, in particular the use of ensembles of support vector machines, and evaluate whether these methods still apply to the potentially more complex image search task.


Remittance as a direct cash reimbursement for "brain drain" stood as the main source of hard currency for many countries including Ethiopia and it is becoming an inevitable for development especially for those which are suffering in short of hard currency. This research is done with the preliminary premises that the formal remittance flow to Ethiopia is relatively low against the stock of emigrants, with its East African competitors and with SSA standards; the migrants' channeling patterns has affected this. To examine these premises, the research has investigated the determinants of remittance flow from the remitters' perspective utilizing qualitative method. Ethiopian national policy reactions towards remittance are also evaluated in relation to these remittances from abroad. This was made with the help of the micro and macroeconomic determinants of remittance.

The application of depth interviews have revealed a new insight to the remittance business which is not explicitly found in the quantitative researches, as Ethiopian migrants indicate socioeconomic obligation as the main reason for their remittance. Whereas, lower accessibility of financial institutions on the receivers' side, lower competition among money sending agencies in the remitters' side, high transaction cost, higher exchange rate differentials which resulted to the wider availability of the "invisible channel" are responsible to the relatively low remittance flow through the formal channels which in turn proves the premises of this research. This is a mere insight to the complex nature of remittance with regards to Ethiopia.


Renefouqueosis peruviensis gen. et sp. nov., a new tenebrionid genus and species of the tribe Stenosini (subtribe Stenosina) is described from the arid mountains of Northern Peru. Including the new genus Renefouqueosis gen. nov., the tribe Stenosini now includes 40 valid genera of which nine are from the New World. The genera are placed in six subtribes (two worldwide, two New World and two Old World). Type species and subtribal assignment for each genus is presented. Notes on the placement of the genera Anchomma LeConte, 1858 and Fitzsimonsium Koch, 1962 are given. The proper placement of these genera is uncertain. Because of numerous morphological similarities to the Stenosini, we have decided to place these in a key to the world genera of Stenosini, which we provide.


How many bird species are there in Brazil? Species concepts, conservation and what is to be found. Research on bird diversity in Brazil began quite late after colonization and is still a challenge for ornithologists. Despite the rapid progress since the second half of the XX century, the number of valid bird species in the country remains underestimated mainly as a result of the adoption of the Biological Species Concept. Indiscriminate and non-critical use of subspecific categories has caused several problems in defining taxa, with clear negative consequences to general knowledge and applied biodiversity conservation. Taxonomic studies must use more objective concepts to define species, always considering the interplay among morphological, voice, behavioral and molecular characters. New bird species have been described from almost every major Brazilian biome and areas where new taxa are likely to be found are now being explored, so the trend for new species to be described at a rate of one or two per year is likely to be kept for the next years. K eywords : Birds, Brazil, conservation, diversity, species concepts, species richness, taxonomy


I was once asked to define what might be ''the good life'' for mentally retarded persons. The concept of the ''good life'' goes back at least to the classical period of Greek philosophy, and was controverted by greats such as Plato. The question is clearly a challenging one, and as important as it is, people who carry a major responsibility in, or even for, the lives of mentally retarded individuals rarely explicate in a conscious and coherent fashion their vision of the good life for such persons. From the perspective of the prevailing materialistic world view, the good life for retarded persons would probably have to be defined entirely in terms of material and emotional welfare. However, I will attempt to delineate the issue from a Christian perspective; within such a perspective, considerations of material and emotional welfare are important issues, but not ultimate ones.


In June, 1953, there appeared in an American high-school literary magazine an essay entitled "What Is Love?" with the explanation that it had been written by "a nonacademician who expresses his views on a nonacademic subject, nonacademically." It is an interesting example of how a youngster, a member of neither the academic "establishment" nor the writing elite, can nevertheless give fresh expression to a universal theme. It read:


Specimens of fish Cyprinus carpio were exposed to pH 5.0, pH4.5 and pH4.0 for a period of 28 days. In pH 5.0 and pH4.5 the fish survived for 30 days. While in pH 4.0 the fish survived only for 16 days. During the above treatment biochemical parameter such as plasma cholesterol and Plasma glucose level was observed an interval of 7 days of the total exposure period. Acid treated fish exhibits a significant increase in the plasma cholesterol levels and Plasma glucose level. The observed biochemical parameter may be used as nonspecific biomarker in the field of toxicology. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 31 October 2012; Received in revised form: 15 October 2015; Accepted: 21 October 2015;


PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine changes of gene transcripts following 4- and 8-week resistance exercise training in rat skeletal muscle using large-scale BeadArray containing probe sets for 22,523 genes. METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled and into control (CON, n=16) and and exercise (resistance training, RT, n=32) groups. After 4- and 8-weeks of resistance exercise, based upon lifting weight of individual rats, RT subsequently was separated into high performance group (H-RT4, n=8; H-RT8, n=8) and low performance group (L-RT4, n=8; L-RT8, n=8). Rats were assigned to RT were trained to climb a 1-m vertical (85 degree incline) ladder with weights secured to their tails, and they performed 1 set of 10 times of 3 days per week for 8 weeks progressively. Skeletal muscle was taken from the flexor halucis longus (FHL) after 4- and 8-weeks exercise. After separating the total RNA of each group, large-scale gene expression was analyzed by BeadArray using Illunina RatRef-12 Expression BeadChip, and qPCR was used to inspect BeadArray data. We selected genes given the criteria that detection p-value of 1.0, and DiffScore to >30. RESULTS: The expression of 20 genes significantly increased 4 weeks after resistance exercise compared to L-RT4, and the expression of four genes decreased, including genes with unknown functions. At 8 weeks, the expression of one gene significantly increased compared to L-RT8 and that of one decreased. These genes involved in acute phase response (Hp, Ahsg), anti-inflammatory response (Ambp), C21-steroid hormone biosynthesis (Timp1), heme oxidation (Hmox1), muscle development (Myh6), regulation of cell growth (Igfbp1), vitamin D metabolism (Gc), calcium-mediated signaling (Dscr1), gluconeogenesis (Atf3), regulation of transcription (Nr4a3), and learning and memory (Egr1). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to use BeadArray to examine the global mRNA expression in rat skeletal muscle after resistance ladder training. We found expression genes of rat skeletal muscle based on the resistance exercise performance level using BeadArray. These results may help to explain previously reported physiological changes of skeletal muscle and suggest new avenues for further investigation.


• Background: Writing center studies has sought to move towards research methods that are replicable, aggregable, and data-supported (RAD) as a means to scholarly legitimacy. While a number of RAD research methods have been identified (surveys, qualitative analysis, observation, case studies, experimentation, discourse analysis, teacher research, action research, and ethnography), one important source of information has been largely overlooked: the scheduling metadata that writing centers routinely collect in the course of normal operations. The present research seeks to demonstrate the validity of metadata-driven research by interrogating an area of writing center scholarship that has been predominantly studied through theoretical or smallgroup means: the impact of gender on writing consultations. It investigates whether the gender of the writing consultant significantly affects a student's choice in scheduling appointments.


We introduce WaRR, a tool that records and replays with high fidelity the interaction between users and modern web applications. WaRR consists of two independent components: the WaRR Recorder and the WaRR Replayer.


Seyednasrollah et al [1] posed a relevant question in their recent Research Letter. Once shown to be reliable enough in real-world clinical data, trial-based prognostic models could provide practical guidance in tailoring treatment strategies for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unfortunately, the letter missed several important points about these models and their proper application to predict overall survival of mCRPC patients, which may lead to confusion regarding their practical utility in clinical decision-making, and should therefore be addressed. Seyednasrollah et al [1] took the open-source implementations of the three best-performing models from the recent prostate cancer DREAM challenge [2]. It should be obvious that the use of others' models without consulting the model developers will lead to suboptimal results when the models are applied to different types of patient data. For instance, as mentioned in the abstract of the DREAM challenge paper [2], aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was shared by the top-performing models as one of the most important prognostic biomarkers. However, AST was missing in this relatively limited real-world data set, along with many other key markers such as lactate dehydrogenase. To give a more balanced view of the models' performance, it would be important to understand and acknowledge the effect of the absence of these key predictors that are rarely measured in real-world prostate cancer patients. To deal with the missing clinical variables, Seyednasrollah et al applied quite crude procedures that cannot really compensate for this lack of clinical measurements. Missing values for many laboratory tests were simply imputed using median values, even though it is known that


This article brings forth elements for analysis and discussion about the restructuring process of the Brazilian public administration with respect to the reformist movement launched in the 1990's, aiming to locate and understand the unfolding of those transformations in higher education. The reflection begins on the basis of the understanding of a set of notes and reflections regarding the enterprise of reforms known as "managerialist", so as to set it in the social, economical and political context which permeated it. Their proposals and objectives are emphasized, based on the arguments presented by several official documents and the perspectives of their idealizers. Finally, it proposes a reflection of this reformist process and its implications for a new model of administration, also required for higher education.


Objective To examine whether insulin resistance and hypercholesterolaemia in obese Zucker rats are associated with a modification of the mechanical behaviour of a conductance (carotid) artery and with an altered endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine of a small resistance (mesenteric) artery. Design Male obese Zucker rats, 6–8 months old, were compared with age-matched lean heterozygous and control Zucker rats. Methods The mechanical behaviour of the carotid artery was examined in anaesthetized rats by simultaneously monitoring the internal diameter with an A-mode ultrasonic echo-tracking device and the intra-arterial pressure with a computerized data-acquisition system. Furthermore, histometric measurements of the carotid artery were carried out after death. The response to acetylcholine was examined in vitro with a Mulvany dual myograph on precontracted isolated segments of the third-generation mesenteric artery. Results Obese Zucker rats exhibited high plasma insulin and cholesterol levels. Blood pressure was the same in the obese and control animals. There was no hypertrophy or change in the mechanical behaviour of the carotid arterial wall. Heart weight was slightly higher in the obese rats than in the controls, but smaller in relation to body weight. The relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly attenuated in isolated small mesenteric arteries obtained from the obese strain. Conclusion Hyperinsulinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia in obese Zucker rats are associated with an abnormal response to acetylcholine in the mesenteric arterioles. This metabolic state does not, however, alter the mechanical behaviour or the geometry of the carotid artery.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of Multi-Reader Buffers (MRBs) for high throughput and memory-efficient implementation of dataflow applications. Our work is motivated by the huge amount of data that needs to be processed and typically accessed in a FIFO manner, particularly in image and video processing applications. Here, multi-cast, fork, and merge operator implementations known today produce huge memory overheads by storing and communicating copies of the same data. As a remedy, we first introduce MRBs as buffers preserving FIFO semantics for a finite number of readers of the same data while storing each data item only once. Second, we present an approach for memory minimization of data flow networks by replacing all multi-cast actors and connected FIFOs with MRBs. Third, we present a Design Space Exploration approach to selectively replace multi-cast actors with MRBs in order to explore memory, throughput, and processor resource allocation tradeoffs. Our results show that the explored Pareto fronts of our approach improve the solution quality over a reference by 78 % in average for six benchmark applications in terms of a hypervolume indicator


A recurring theme in the debate on urban transport policy in the last few years has
been the appropriateness of developing Integrated Transport Strategies as a basis
for identifying solutions to current and future urban transport problems. Their
proponents, including a growing number of local authorities, see them as a means of
ensuring that each element of transport policy complements the others. Those who
argue against them, and particularly the Department of Transport, have likened
them to the gramd and unattainable, blueprints produced by 1960s land use -
transport studies. This paper draws on experience with such studies in London,
Birmingham and Edinburgh to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the approach
now being adopted, to suggest ways in which it might be further developed, and to
identify, in the light of experience to date, those elements of policy which might
most effectively contribute to the solution of transport problems.


The Nordic Engineering Hub has conducted a study on what engineering education will consist of in 2030. The study, conducted by universities in five different countries, focuses on the educational ...


"William, when I went into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And, by God, I was rich!" Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, Act I Fortunes magically and mysteriously made on vast continents overseas have tempted western entrepreneurs for generations, much as Uncle Ben tempted Willie Loman. But these exploits also involve machinations which appear sinister to a general public increasingly disturbed by the control giant corporations have over our daily lives. As long ago as 1900, John Hobson developed the theory that modern imperial expansion was the product of the manipulation of national foreign policies by the "Rand lords" and similar overseas financial operators. This idea was used by Lenin, Hilferding and others in their elaborations of the Marxist explanation of the nexus between economic forces and the political behaviour of states. Imperialism in tropical Africa was always seen as a key issue in this context. With the onset of decolonization and the struggle for development, questions of the history and the progress of imperialism have remained cogent subjects of intellectual controversy. The historical "scramble for Africa" and the process of colonization which followed created the basis for the modern political map of Africa and modern African political society. To what extent were these developments triggered or determined by the activities of private entrepeneurs? What relevance might the answer have for the contemporary study of international politics? This article seeks to explore these questions in the light of theories of transnational politics. At the same time, the problem of European expansion in Africa provides an important test for the transnational approach, as it relates to the overseas political activity of international business firms.


Simple Summary Palatine tonsils are lymphoid organs within the tonsillar fossa. Their location provides them a role against antigens entering the body during feeding and breathing. MRI is considered the technique of choice in depicting soft tissue, and it can show concurrent bone involvement. In human medicine, MRI is used in the investigation of tonsillar diseases. In veterinary medicine, a recent study on healthy dogs has described the MRI appearance of presumed normal canine palatine tonsils. Due to the similarities between animals and humans, the authors aimed to evaluate the feasibility of low-field MRI to detect tonsils in cats and to describe features of presumed normal palatine tonsils, assessing the interoperator reproducibility of the findings in a population of adult cats. MRI is a potentially useful imaging modality for the assessment of palatine tonsils in cats; also, with a low-field MRI, their normal appearance has been described for the first time in this study. The authors recommend the evaluation of tonsils in the transverse plane and consider the most accurate estimation of the short axis. This study could be a baseline for the evaluation of MRI in the assessment of feline tonsils with high-field MRI. Abstract Palatine tonsils are lymphoid organs, whose anatomic localization gives them a role against antigens entering the body during feeding and breathing. In human medicine, MRI is used to investigate tonsillar diseases. In veterinary medicine, a recent study on healthy dogs described the MRI appearance of canine palatine tonsils, with no available reports about feline ones. Due to the similarities between animals and humans, and based on the study on canine tonsils, the authors aimed to evaluate the feasibility of low-field MRI to detect and describe presumed normal features of feline palatine tonsils, assessing the finding's reproducibility. Low-field MRI of the heads of 14 cats was reviewed, and qualitative findings (visualization, shape, margins, signal intensity, and pattern) and size of each tonsil were recorded. Each observer recorded 71% of the expected tonsils. Most of them were classified as oval, ill-defined, and hyperintense structures with both homogeneous and heterogeneous signal patterns; the overall agreement was considered good. Low-field MRI is potentially a useful imaging modality to visualize palatine tonsils in cats, and their normal appearance has been described for the first time. The authors recommend the evaluation of tonsils in the transverse plane and consider the most accurate estimation of the short axis.


A prototype of a tomographic microscope has bene realized, which uses phase-shifting holography to sense the wave diffracted by an object. The observed object is successively illuminated by a series of about 1000 plane waves. Each diffracted wave yields a part of the frequency representation of the object, and superposition of these parts yields a 3D frequency representation. An inverse Fourier transform yields the 3D spatial representation, from which sections, projections or stereoscopic images can be extracted. This prototype has been used to image a variety of biological samples. Images show a resolution limit of about a quarter of a wavelength and a depth of field of about 40 microns. Important factors for the understanding of image characteristics include horizontal and vertical resolution, ability to image horizontal and/or vertical surfaces, ability to distinguish variations of refractive index from variations of absorptivity. These and other imaging characteristics of the tomographic microscope are discussed on the basis of a set of images of biological samples. The connection between characteristics of a three-dimensional image and its frequency representation is explained. Influence of an object's characteristics (thickness, refractive index, ...) on image quality is described. Possible improvements and their impact on image quality is also discussed.


By using the FEA software(SAP2000) on a over-long reinforced concrete frame structure campus building which is about 126.5 meters long,the paper analyzes the temperature stress over the whole building taking account of geometric nonlinearity,shrinkage and creep.On the basic of analysis result,we could help architects to express effects and optimized the design which is successful during the design and construction procedure.What's more,we could draw some conclusions that the analyzing and optimizing method is reliable and tolerant for engineering application.


Number skills are so important, it is not surprising that such a lot of time is devoted to teaching them to children. Number has traditionally formed part of 'the three Rs'; its status, alongside literacy, is assured in the primary school via the daily maths lesson. Toy manufacturers produce games, puzzles and toys designed to help children recognise numerals, and parents can buy books of worksheets so that their offspring can spend hours copying numbers to give them a head start over their peers.


years), 87 patients (61%) underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). Forty-four patients (31%) died: 21 of 54 (39%) in the midwall fibrosis group (4 patients had AVR before death), 16 of 40 (40%) in the subendocardial infarction-pattern group (4 patients had AVR before death), and 7 of 49 (14%) in the no LGE group (2 patients had AVR before death). On univariate analysis both patients with midwall fibrosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28 to 5.15; p 1⁄4 0.008) and subendocardial infarctionpattern LGE (HR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.31 to 5.62; p 1⁄4 0.007) showed increased all-cause mortality when compared with patients with no LGE (Figure 1A). On multivariate analysis, midwall fibrosis remained an independent predictor of mortality with incremental value to LVEF (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.88; p1⁄40.035) alongside age (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.06; p 1⁄4 0.044), LVEF (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99; p 1⁄4 0.006), and wall thickness (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.77 to 0.99; p1⁄4 0.026). In contrast, subendocardial infarction-pattern LGE did not remain significant suggesting that its effect is mediated via reduced LVEF. The 23 AS-related deaths followed a similar pattern to all-cause mortality, being more common in patients with midwall (12 of 54; 22%) and infarctionpattern (8 of 40; 20%), compared with no LGE (3 of 49; 6%), both p < 0.05. Two patients from the midwall, 3 from the infarction, and 1 from the no-LGE groups had AVR between CMR and death. Our results demonstrate that midwall fibrosis on CMR LGE is an independent predictor of mortality out to 5 years and of incremental prognostic value to LVEF (Figure 1B). These data would support midwall LGE as a useful marker in the risk stratification of patients with AS.


In many cases, the formation of intermediate phases in solid-state reaction starts from nucleation, proceeds at first by lateral spreading along interface in the form of narrow layer and after that continues slow growth in normal direction. So far, the lateral growth stage was considered as something almost instant. Yet, if the emerging phase is not the first one and the already growing phase layer has high diffusivity, the lateral growth can be also kinetically suppressed due to 'sucking out' of atoms from the moving interface into the growing first phase layer. Criteria of such suppression are formulated and examples of real systems are discussed.


The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution requires implementation of constitutional norms (positive aspect) and prohibits behaviours that are inconsistent with constitutional norms (the negative aspect). The legislator is therefore obliged to create sub-constitutional norms in such a way that they comply with constitutional norms and ensure that they are implemented as fully as possible. Similarly, with regard to the application of the law, decisions taken on the basis of the Constitution must comply with its norms and implement these norms as effectively as possible. The actual assurance of the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution is important for the protection of the citizen from the state, because the Constitution as a social contract sets out absolute limits for the authorities that must not be trespassed. The Constitution contains numerous guarantees of its supremacy. They include in particular: the procedure for amending the Constitution, liability to the Tribunal of State, control of the constitutionality of the law by the Constitutional Tribunal, direct application of the Constitution by courts and swearing an oath by members of parliament, the President and members of the Council of Ministers. However, there are no legal guarantees which would effectively and permanently guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the Constitution takes precedence, an appropriate level of legal culture must be ensured.


This study examines the stories acquaintance rape victims tell through semi-structured interviews. Acquaintance rape, viewed here as a particularly paradoxical crime, creates a need for women to resolve the inconsistency of their experience. By conducting interviews with victims and analyzing their verbal communication, this project explores how victims frame their rape experience. Framing strategies used by victims of sexual harassment served as a guide for the initial identification of framing strategies for victims of acquaintance rape. Women in this study utilized strategies of paradox management to assess blame, define, and reframe their experiences. Recognition of these management strategies can assist social support networks and law enforcement professionals in identifying the communicative strategies of female victims of varying types of violence.


Abstract : This report documents the results of three related studies conducted to assess the impact of aircraft emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (Hc) on air quality. The first study consisted of a field program carried out at O'Hare International Airport and an associated model development program, the purposes of which were to assess the effect of aircraft NOx emissions on ambient 1-hour concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and to provide a dispersion model suitable for the prediction of such concentrations. The second study involved the collection and laboratory analysis of samples of hydrocarbons in ambient air contaminated by jet aircraft exhaust, together with a determination of the type and relative amounts of the various hydrocarbons detected. The third study consisted of an analysis, based on available data in the literature, of the potential role of aircraft hydrocarbon emissions in the production of photochemical smog. The available literature dealing with the issue of aircraft contributions to photochemical smog has been reviewed and is discussed. At present, the available information is insufficient to evaluate the effect quantitatively. The requirements for further work that would enable a quantitative evaluation to be made are discussed.


A method for determining high intensity x-ray spectra from diagnostic x-ray units is described. The method combines direct measurements of low intensity, constant potential x-ray spectra with digitized measurements of current and voltage waveforms at high intensity to determine high intensity x-ray spectra. The effect of ripple in the voltage waveform on the resulting x-ray spectra is also shown.


PDK1 catalyzes phosphorylation of Thr in the conserved activation loop region of a number of its downstream AGC kinase family members. In addition to the consensus sequence at the site of phosphorylation, a number of PDK1 substrates contain a PIF sequence (PDK1-interacting fragment), which binds and activates the kinase domain of PDK1 (PDK1(ΔPH)). To gain further insight to PIF-dependent catalysis, steady-state kinetic and inhibition studies were performed for His6-PDK1(ΔPH)-catalyzed phosphorylation of PDK1-Tide (Tide), which contains an extended "PIF" sequence C-terminal to the consensus sequence for PDK1 phosphorylation. In two-substrate kinetics, a large degree of negative binding synergism was observed to occur on formation of the active ternary complex (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\alpha}K_{d}^{\mathrm{ATP}}=40{\ }{\mu}\mathrm{M}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\alpha}K_{d}^{\mathrm{Tide}}=80{\ }{\mu}\mathrm{M}\) \end{document}) from individual transitory binary complexes (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(K_{d}^{\mathrm{ATP}}=0.6{\ }{\mu}\mathrm{M}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(K_{d}^{\mathrm{Tide}}=1{\ }{\mu}\mathrm{M}\) \end{document}). On varying ATP concentrations, the ADP product and the (T/E)-PDK1-Tide product analog (p′Tide) behaved as competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors, respectively; on varying Tide concentrations, ADP and p′Tide behaved as noncompetitive and competitive inhibitors, respectively. Also, negative binding synergism was associated with formation of dead-end inhibited ternary complexes. Time progress curves in pre-steady-state studies under "saturating" or kcat conditions showed (i) no burst or lag phenomena, (ii) no change in reaction velocity when adenosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate) was used as a phosphate donor, and (iii) no change in reaction velocity on increasing relative microviscosity (0 ≤ η/η0 ≤ 3). Taken together, PDK1-catalyzed trans-phosphorylation of PDK1-Tide approximates a Rapid Equilibrium Random Bi Bi system, where motions in the central ternary complex are largely rate-determining.


. At the beginning of the 21st century the greek pig industry has to face new challenges. Its frustrating position today is the result of lack of programming and clear targets, as a consequence of false decisions by almost all implicated authorities. Moreover, modern consumer's demand for high quality hygienically certified pork meat and the extremely competitive environment of the European Union necessitate the uptake of measures for the survival of the greek pig industry. It is essential to implement a legislatively consolidated on farm veterinary management programme in all greek industrial pig farms under full supervision and responsibility of the authorized veterinarian of every farm. As support to this programme, it is also important to follow the rules of a veterinary protection-biosecurity programme and to use an on farm HACCP-compatible system. In this way it will be possible to produce high health status slaughter pigs. The on farm veterinary management programme will significantly contribute, in coordination with all the other responsible authorities (meat inspectors, public health veterinarians etc.), to the production of high quality hygienically certified pork meat, which is mostly preferred by Greek and European consumers. Furthermore, the implementation of an on farm veterinary management programme in all greek industrial pig farms will extensively assist to the improvement of the greek pig industry's competitiveness and productivity, the protection of public health and of the environment. If all responsible authorities take the appropriate actions, there will be an opportunity for the greek pig industry to survive under the current conditions. Finally, the consumer will see his demands for high quality hygienically certified pork meat to fulfilled after the application of all appropriate measures that will secure the production procedures of pork meat from «the stable to the table».


The pervaporation of water-carboxylic acids mixtures was studied using various kinds of ion exchange membranes. It was found that the flux of water was much greater than that of carboxylic acids. The relation between the concentration of water in the feed solution (Xw) and that in the pervaporated solution (Yw) can be approximately represented by an equation, Yw=1-E/Xw' where E is a constant, in the range 20<Xw<80wt%. Neosepta CM-1 was the best of all ion exchange membranes used for the pervaporation to separate water or acetic acid from their mixtures. The activation energies were 28.7kJ mol-1 for Neosepta CM-1 membrane, and 26.8kJ mol-1 for Nafion 324 membrane. In addition, the flux decreased with an increase in molecular weight of the carboxylic acid employed.


Javey, H. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran). Ectopic pregnancy in Southern Iran. A statistical review of 96 cases.


Abstract The approximate shear bond strength of subgingival calculus was measured on freshly extracted teeth. The experimental method was validated on polycarboxylate controls. The object was to specify a suitable upper limit for periodontal dressing adhesion, and a level of 4.0MN/m2 is suggested by these results


Background:Menstruation is an integral part and natural process among women and it involved many myths, customs and misconceptions in India.Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is a problem for young girls in India. Along with basic sanitation facilities, young girls and women need access to clean and soft, absorbent sanitary products for a long run and protect their health. In Tamil Nadu, India, menarcheof a girl is celebrated with the relatives and friends like a festival.Objective:This paper examines the initiatives taken by the state of Tamil Nadu of Indiaand the various factors associated with the menstrual hygienepractice among young women.Methods: Data collected from the 4th round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015-16 were used for analysis. The sample consists of 14,949 young women in the age group of 15-24 years who have ever menstruated.Results: The state government's initiatives, series of activities, interdepartmental collaboration and coordination, participation of civil society and community helped Tamil Nadu state to perform in a better manner.The resultsreveals the odds for women in the richest quintile, higher education, living in urban areas with higher awareness and availability of flush toiletsgive higher odds ratio determining the factors associated with the usage ofhygienic methods.Conclusion: For better menstrual hygiene it requires a very good knowledge and awareness on menstrual cycle, hygiene essentials, safe and secure sanitary products and good water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 04 Oct'22 Page: 404-411


Cognitive function is essential for independent life in older adults. Cognitive impairment is not a part of healthy ageing, and it disturbs individuals' quality of life as well as daily life. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is one of the common health problems in the older adults. However, less is known about relationship between SCD, cognitive function and related factors. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design to identify risk factors of SCD and cognitive function of older adults in Korea. A convenience sample of 182 patients was recruited at a senior welfare center in Seoul, Korea. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, depres-sion, level of physical and cognitive activity, instrumental activities of daily living, SCD and cognitive function were measured with a structured questionnaire. Student t-tests, Chi-square tests, and hierarchical multiple regressions were utilized in statistical analysis. Among the 182 participants, 64.3% were female. The mean age was 78.4 ± 5.91 years. The findings in this study showed that 37.4% among total participants were not cognitively intact. Depression, perceived health status and cognitive function were associated with SCD (F=7.10, p<.001, adjusted R 2 =25.3). Age, educa-tion level, perceived health status and SCD were related with cognitive function (F=20.98, p<.001, adjusted R 2 =47.0). After controlling these variables, cognitive activity was in-dependently related to cognitive function (F=19.57, p<.001, R 2 =.50.8). These results suggest that cognitive activity should be encouraged to maintain cognitive function. In addition, people who complain SCD and have risk factors such as de-pression at an early stage are crucial to prevent actual cognitive decline through therapeutic interventions. Backgrounds: Little is known about the association of smartphone use with cognition for older adults, particularly with multi-domain cognitions, while smartphone is a most widely used and all-in-one electronic device. Methods: We carried out a face-to-face survey on 3,230 older adults aged 60+ years in Xiamen, China, 2016. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) was used to measure general and six spe-cific subdomain cognitions, while smartphone usage was self-reported. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to model the joint association of the number of smartphone function use and sex on general cognitive function. Furthermore, a series of ordinal logistic regressions were used to detect the associations between the number of smartphone function use and the six subdomain cognitive functions stratified by gender. Results: 2,600 eligible participants were included with a mean age of 69.06 ± 7.06 years. Only 30% of older adults used smartphones, among who 60.72% were men. Respondents who used more smartphone functions maintain better cognitive functions for both men and women, but for women, such benefits appeared only when they used 2+ smartphone functions (OR=1.87). A multi-domain cognitive advantage also presented for smartphone users. Concretely, for men this advantage showed in five domains including memory, visuospatial ability, executive ability, attention and language. For women, it showed in visuospatial, executive ability, attention and language. Conclusions: Using smartphone showed positive associations with better general and multi-domain cognitive functions, for both older men and women. The more smartphone functions they used, the more benefits they attained, and such associations were stronger for men than women.


This report is an update of shellfish investigations from January 1-December 31, 1953. It includes a summary of bay clam and oyster investigations, including details on attempted pest control and control of algae on oyster beds. It also contains results of the 1953 Tillamook Bay Clam Survey, and discusses clam wastage during dredging.


The development of clubs is the foundation and direction for the sustained development of Chinese professional soccer. Based on the documentation,logic analysis and other methods,the author has analyzed the development of Csl and concluded that:(1) The most significant characteristic of Csl is lack of traditional football culture,event culture and the culture of fan.(2) The excessive pursuit of utilitarian football atmosphere and overall lack of cultural heritage,the club management philosophy is blurred.(3) "Gold dollar football"is in major investing position,meanwhile being short of the distinct characteristic cultural value goal. Therefore,the basic guarantees for Chinese professional football association are as follows: regard the association matches as oriented ones,strengthen the mass foundation,develop high- level referees,make clubs operate as companies,optimize the competitions between clubs and so on.


A rapid differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method has been developed for the trace determination of copper in fish samples using picolinic acid. The base electrolyte used was 0.01 M NH 4 Cl (pH 6.0). A well defined peak is observed at -0.26 V. Parameters like concentration of ligand, accumulation potential, accumulation time, rest period, drop size, scan rate, pulse amplitude etc. have been optimized. Under optimum conditions, the 3σ detection limit was found to be 0.2 ppb. The method is highly selective and sensitive. The method has been applied to the determination of Cu I I in fish samples.


The linear growth of axisymmetric (m=0) perturbations for various Bennett pinch equilibria are studied numerically with the ALEGRA-MHD code [A. C. Robinson, C. J. Garasi, T. A. Haill, R. L. Morse, and P. H. Stoltz, Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Conference on Plasma Science (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1999), p. 306]. Growth rates are calculated for both skin and diffuse current profiles with varied density and temperature profiles. A destabilizing effect of radially increasing temperature profiles is presented. A factor of three increase in the growth rate over a constant-temperature equilibrium is noted for an equilibrium which is ten times hotter on the edge than at the core. A qualitative explanation is given in terms of the sound speed in the radial region where the mode resides.


The process of forming heads hats from fabrics of new developed hydro-jet technology is described in the article. A number of experiments were conducted to optimize the hydro-jet forming and its optimal technological parameters that were determined. Formed headwears from coat fabrics and costume assortment. Completed comparison of developed technology with existing and installed economic effect from its application.


Former consultant physician Merseyside (b Liverpool 1923; q Liverpool 1945; MD, FRCP, FRS), d 22 December 2001.

Tom Littler had a special interest in rheumatology. On being appointed to Birkenhead General Hospital he established a specialist rheumatology clinic, but he was not offered any designated beds. However, in 1954 he was offered four beds at a nearby underused sanatorium, which was later transformed into the Liverpool Regional Rheumatology Centre. It provided a comprehensive service, including combined medical and surgical clinics and extensive rehabilitation.


Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the microbial etiology and severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: The severity of consecutive adult CAP cases admitted to 3 hospitals over a 1-year period was classified according to the Pneumonia Outcome Research Team (PORT) severity index. The microbial etiology was determined using standard methods for bacteria and serological tests for atypical and viral pathogens. Results: The study population was 124 of the 135 admissions; 63 female, 61 male; mean age 41.3 ± 18 years. The severity class distribution was: class I 31%, class II 37%, class III 17%, class IV 13%, and class V 2%. Etiological agents were identified from 44 patients (35%), with one pathogen in 31 (25%), two in 9 (7%), and three or more in 4 (3%). The most common pathogens identified were: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 14 patients (11%), Legionella pneumophila in 10 (8%), Chlamydia pneumoniae in 8 (6%), influenza B virus in 8 (6%), influenza A virus in 5 (4%), Haemophilus influenzae in 4 (3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3 (2%), Staphylococcus aureus in 3 (2%), gram-negative enterobacteria in 5 (4%), Moraxellacatarrhalis in 2 (2%), and viruses in 4 (3%). The yields from laboratory tests were 48% for paired serology, 20% from adequate sputum sample, and 3% from blood culture. Conclusion: Our study shows that a large percentage of mild CAP cases are admitted to hospitals in Kuwait. Atypical pathogens have a significant role in the etiology of CAP. There is overtreatment of CAP with a combination treatment consisting mainly of third-generation chephalosporins and macrolides.


Objective: To find out the quality of coding of diseases and medical procedures at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects: One hundred eighty four respondents. Results: The study set to determine the quality of coding of diseases and medical procedures at KNH. A sample of 184 files was studied. The files were from all specialties in the hospital. 150 (82%) files were from patients who were discharged from the hospital and 34(18% files were from deceased. The disease coding was performed accurately in 89 % of the files. Most of the miscoding arose as aresult of misintepretation of tne medical abbreviations. The disease reporting wa acuurate in 91% of the cases. Non of the coders had training contrary to the World Health Organizatios (WHO) recommendations. Conclusion The KNH has the responsibility to ensure that all the coders are trained as per WHO guidelines. The disease coding and reporting should be accurate for planning and for the resources allocation purposes. This should be done in all healthcare institutions as coding transforms medical diagnosis and procedures into universal medical code diagnosis.


The invention belongs to the field of a submissive mechanism and relates to a constant-force mechanism, in particular to a submissive constant-force support mechanism capable of being used for patients with wounded lower limbs. A flexible rod and a rigid rod are sequentially and fixedly connected with a guide block for forming a combined rod, one end of the combined rod is fixedly connected with a framework, the other end of the combined rod is fixedly connected with a slide block, the axial line of each rod is parallel to the center line in the length direction of a guide rail, the slide block moves in the guide rail, the combined rod generates constant support counter force through external force F when the slide block moves in the guide rail, and the constant support of an object in the displacement section is realized. The submissive constant-force support mechanism has the characteristics that parts are few, the structure is simple, the manufacture price is low, the use is reliable, the carrying is convenient, and the like. The submissive constant-force support mechanism can be used for supporting the upper body weight of the patients with the wounded lower limbs in the healing period, the patients can do some active heeling activities such as standing, walking, crouching and the like, and simultaneously, the submissive constant-force support mechanism can also be used in mechanical products requiring the constant force in other fields such as household appliances, traffic, building, metallurgy and the like.


This article considers my attempts to build capacity for holding together the bleak facts of our emerging climate crisis with hopeful-anyway responses linked to the following four personal practices: i) expanding what it means to 'know with others'; ii) accepting the need to mourn; iii) respecting the power of artful expression; and iv) recalibrating our practices of hope.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important type of head and neck malignant cancer with geographical distribution. MicroRNA-449b-5p (miR-449b-5p) is related with the development of various cancers, while its function in NPC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role and target gene of miR-449b-5p in NPC. Expressions of miR-449b-5p in NPC cell lines and clinical tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony formation assays. Migration and invasion abilities after different treatment were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the relationship between miR-449b-5p and TPD52. TPD52 expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. miR-449b-5p was significantly downregulated in NPC cell lines and clinical tissues than the matched control. Overexpression of miR-449b-5p inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-449b-5p directly targeted TPD52. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated downregulation of TPD52 rectified the promotion of cell migration and invasion by miR-449b-5p inhibition. In conclusion, the present study suggests that miR-449b-5p, as a novel tumor suppressive miRNA against NPC, inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion of NPC cells via inhibiting TPD52 expression.


The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been the primary security concern for Japan since the mid-1990s. By examining the content of debates revealed in the political, security and intellectual communities in Japan between 2006 and 2009, this article analyses Japan's views on the North Korean nuclear crises. It argues that Japan is still engaged in a vigorous domestic debate on its North Korea policy that centres around three options: constructive engagement, hard hedging with comprehensive engagement, and containment. Tokyo currently adopts a mixed strategy of hedging and engagement to cope with the perceived threat from the North. Domestic emotional pressure, symbolized by the victimized consciousness rooted in the Japanese kidnapping issue and the conservative desire of seeking Japan's autonomy, still significantly constrains Japan's North Korea policy from choosing any moderate option.


The main purpose of this paper is to present the main algorithms underlining the con- struction and implementation of the SMR package, whose aim is to compute studentized normal midrange distribution. Details on the externally studentized normal midrange and standardized normal midrange distributions are also given. The package follows the same structure as the prob- ability functions implemented in R. That is: the probability density function (dSMR), the cumulative distribution function (pSMR), the quantile function (qSMR) and the random number generating function (rSMR). Pseudocode and illustrative examples of how to use the package are presented. Computations of the required multidimensional integrations should be done numerically. There- fore, Batista and Ferreira (2014) applied Gaussian quadrature for this task. In particular, they chose the Gauss-Legendre quadrature for solving numerical integrations, because it obtains more accurate results when compared with other Gaussian quadrature methods. The quantile function of the exter- nally studentized normal midrange was computed by the Newton-Raphson method. Based on these numerical methods, the SMR package was built and released. The package name was chosen to identify the Studentized MidRange distribution. The package follows the same structure as the probability functions implemented in R. The following functions were implemented in the package: the probability density function (dSMR), the cumulative distribution function (pSMR), the quantile function (qSMR), and the random number generating function (rSMR). Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to present the main algorithms underlining the construction and implementation of the SMR package, showing pseudocode of its functions and providing the fundamental ideas for the appropriate use of the package through illustrative examples. First, details on the externally studentized normal midrange and standardized normal midrange distributions are given. Second, the algorithms for the construction of the package and their respec- tive pseudocodes are presented. Third, details of the SMR package functions are showed. Finally, illustrative examples of the package are presented.


ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the scientific production regarding life experiences associated with the cochlear implant for the last ten years, including the process of education and presence of the family in this context. Methods: this is an integrative review that researched articles published between 2008 and 2018, on the Brazilian portal: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Results: after selecting and organizing the studies, the final sample consisted of ten articles; 2017 was the year with the greatest number of publications (three). In general, they addressed issues related to school performance, quality of life of cochlear implant users and their families, development of vocabulary and oral communication, and the meaning of cochlear implant for users and their families. Conclusion: an increasing production of studies involving the cochlear implant, family and schooling was noticed, emphasizing the importance of new researches in this context to clarify further inquiries and their use as a tool to promote new strategies aiming to improve both the quality of life of cochlear implant users and the (re)habilitation process.


Since western industrial revolution,people increasingly focus on the pursuit of rationality and effectiveness of the approach and method to achieve a certain purpose,and pay less attention to the pursuit of meaning and ultimate care of human survival and development. Thus the tension of the relation between man and nature,the utilitarianism of human relations,the loss of spirit and soul appeared. Under the background of weakening value rationality,Chinese college students also showed some poor values of happiness. Therefore,we should explore the causes of their poor performance and actively guide them so that college students have a better life.


Measuring the threat from a distance: insight into the complexity and perspectives for implementing sentinel plantation to test the host range of Xylella fastidiosa . In


In this paper, from the materials, processing technology and other aspects of analysis of current conventional iron core rail bond problems, introduced the characteristics of new aluminum core rail bond for low- resistance and maintenance-free. The technology characteristic was excellent electrical conductivity, light weight, easy to install, basic maintenance-free. Welding fabricated by means of friction welding could achieve reliable solder joints.