Igneous rocks are also called as primary rocks and are the chief constituent of the earth crust. Igneous petrology is a core branch of the earth science which deals with the origin, occurrence, classification, composition and distribution of igneous rocks in the earth crust. The study of igneous rocks is very much essential not only for Geologists but also for Civil Engineers and Mining Engineers. The aim of this book is to provide fundamental concepts of igneous rocks to the students and will guide them to classify and identify igneous rocks in the field as well as in the Lab under microscope. For this purpose the book is widely supported by field photographs and microphotographs. The various fundamental aspects of igneous rocks such as Forms, Classifications and Textures are described in this book. The megascopic and microscopic description of some commonly occurring igneous rocks are also provided in the book.


Carbonyls of transition-metals Mo(CO)6, Fe(CO)5 were used for laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) of elements under the action of KrF laser radiation (λL = 248 nm) and Ar+ laser radiation (λL = 488 nm) on SiO2 and Si substrate surface. Rate constants of heterogeneous reaction of Mo and Fe atoms deposition were calculated while irradiating SiO2 and Si substrate surface. Element analysis of deposited films made with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) reflects that atomic concentration of C atoms was not equal to atomic concentration of O atoms owing to the existence of dissociative channel of adsorbed CO molecules on MO and Fe surface. From these data and average surface temperature, dissociation constants of CO molecules and C-O binding energies of adsorbed CO molecules were calculated.


It is argued that two undamped reverberation rooms subject to a transient source acting in the first of the rooms, if sufficiently weakly coupled, fail to achieve equipartition, regardless of the amount of time allowed. The critical parameter governing this localization is the ratio of coupling strength (as quantified by the rate at which energy initially leaks from one room to the other) to the modal density. Theoretical estimates for the time evolution of the small amounts of energy that do get transmitted are found to indicate that the energy in room 2 asymptotes at a level proportional to the square root of this ratio. Surprisingly, it is also found that the amount of energy in room 2 overshoots its asymptotic level by 5%–17%. The theoretical predictions are corroborated by numerical simulations of coupled two‐dimensional rooms. Laboratory demonstrations, using ultrasonics in coupled elastic bodies, are also presented.


This paper tests for market efficiency at high-frequencies of the Indian equity markets by studying the behaviour of serial correlation in firm stock prices. We do this using the Variance Ratio test using returns data at a frequency of 5 minutes. We find that at this frequency interval, stocks show a pattern of mean-reversion. We also find that different stocks revert at different rates. Microstructure literature suggests that there is a correlation between the efficiency of a stock price and the liquidity of the stock on the market. We examine this hypothesis with liquidity measured in terms of both trading intensity as well as impact cost. We find strong evidence that there is a link between the liquidity of a stock and the patterns of serial correlations in its market price at high frequency.


Kettil Bruun is best known for the total consumption model introduced in 1975 in the collective work "Alcohol control policy in public health perspective". There were three tracks in particular that led Bruun's research towards the total consumption model: research on the distribution of power, research on international drug policies, and his contributions to criminology and social policy. Kettil Bruun's lifework shows that the innovation, intersectionality, and synergy which are now rehearsed in pompous research strategies were a non-question 40 years ago. These aspects were a natural part of the scientific pursuit of answers. Maybe in a much more modest and homemade form, but all the more import in terms of applicability at the general level of principle.


Today many design houses must outsource their design fabrication to a third party which is often an overseas foundry. Split-fabrication is proposed for combining the FEOL capabilities of an advanced but untrusted foundry with the BEOL capabilities of a trusted foundry. Hardware security in this business model relates directly to the front-end foundry's ability to interpret the partial circuit design it receives in order to reverse engineer or insert malicious circuits. The published experimental results indicate that a relatively large percentage of the split nets can be correctly guessed and there is no easy way of detecting the possibly inserted Trojans. In this paper, we propose a secure split-fabrication design methodology for the Vertical Slit Field Effect Transistor (VeSFET) based integrated circuits. We take advantage of the VeSFET's unique and powerful two-side accessibility and monolithic 3D integration capability. In our approach the design is manufactured by two independent foundries, both of which can be untrusted. We propose the design partition and piracy prevention, hardware Trojan insertion prevention, and Trojan detection methods. In the 3D designs, some transistors are physically hidden from the front-end foundry_1's view, which causes that it is impossible for this foundry to reconstruct the circuit. We designed 10 MCNC benchmark circuits using the proposed flow and executed an attack by an in-house developed proximity attacker. With 5% nets manufactured by the back-end foundry_2, the average percentage of the correctly reconstructed partitioned nets is less than 1%.


The enactment of Law Number 6 Year 2014 about Village is as the reinforcement village autonomy to implement the village construction, community education and empowerment based on their community initiative that surely needs financing. The one of village financial source is Village-Allocated Fund that already implemented in Malang Regency. The village government that has enough competency to manage village finance is Panggungrejo Village even though the government still encounter the social jealousy. In the other hand, the Village-Allocated Fund management should suitable with the regulation set up by the law and it can be contributed to the realization of good governance principles which are participation, transparency, accountability as well as effectiveness and efficiency. This research used descriptive qualitative research to know, describe and analyze the Village-Allocated Fund management in 2015-2016 in Panggungrejo Village. Technique of data collection conducted in this research are observation, interview and documentation. The source of data in this research are from 11 informants as the primary data as well as the various document and regulations as the secondary data. Then, the data analysis method used interactive model by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014) which conducted starting from data collection, data condensation, data display and drawing or verifying conclusion. The research results showed that: 1) Panggungrejo Village government implemented the Village-Allocated Fund 2015-2016 in accordance with the law, consist of: planning, implementing, administering, reporting and accountability; 2) Village-Allocated Fund management 2015-2016 in Panggungrejo Village has contributed to the realization of good governance principles which are: participation, transparency, accountability as well as effectiveness, efficiency, economic (value for money), although there are weaknesses namely: there are no announcement boards in each activity implementation locations as the community demand and the lack of courage by the community to deliver their aspirations directly to the village government due to the shyly culture; 3) The supporting factors are: leader competency in Panggungrejo Village government, the effectiveness of Village Consultative Body performance, communication among stakeholders and community support, then, inhibiting factors are the activity implementation is not yet optimal, village community culture and the government has not implemented the performance-based budgeting. Finally, the suggestions are: provide announcement boards in each locations to optimally the transparency or pamphlet in the strategic locations; Village Consultative Body should provide the understanding to encourage the social maturity; and fixed the target achievement in each village activity program to implement the performance-based budgeting.


A workshop describing the mutagenic effects of low pH and high osmotic levels on cultured mammalian cells was held at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagen Society in Las Vegas, Nevada, 1985. Data presented in this summary report were generously provided by the five invited speakers.


We present a polytope-kernel density estimation (PKDE) methodology that allows us to perform exact mean-shift updates along the edges of the Delaunay graph of the data. We discuss explicit and implicit constructions of such a PKDE, where in the implicit construction one can exploit a smoother kernel such as the standard isotropic Gaussian. The resulting density estimate allows us to perform mean-shift clustering in a computationally efficient manner (similar to mediod shift), but in a manner that is exact and consistent with the underlying density assumption. The procedure also yields a hierarchical connectivity structure, a tree, that spans the dataset. We demonstrate how this tree, combined with density-weighted geodesic distance calculations between modal samples can be used to select number of clusters as well as a distance preserving dimension reduction technique.


A concrete-filled steel column is taking advantage of the interaction between the enclosing steel profile and the concrete core to obtain an increased load capacity. In order to understand the behavior and effects of the interaction between steel and concrete, it is important to first understand the individual material behavior. The main task of the concrete in a composite column is to absorb pressure forces while the steel's main task is to counteract stress and the tensile forces.At normal room temperature both steel and concrete interact to carry the current load. Concrete-filled steel column has a great potential according to load capacity. Some of the expected positive effects of the interaction between steel and concrete are:The occurrence of buckling for the steel is delayed and the strength deterioration after the local buckling is moderate, both due to the restraining effect of concrete.Prevents the concrete spalling and strength reduction of concrete core will not be as drastic.Increased compressive strength and deformation capacity, especially for large-diameter cross-section.In a fire scenario the column is exposed to a temperature increase. Heat transfer from the combustion gases to the column occurs mainly through radiation and convection heat. The load carrying capacity of the included materials will be reduced as a result of this heat transfer. The size of the reduction depends on how high temperature the materials are exposed to, where a higher temperature leads to a greater reduction. For the concrete-filled steel column, the surrounding steel profile will quickly become very hot while the concrete core obtains a slower rise in temperature. In the initial stage of the fire case the steel expands faster than the concrete, causing the steel to then basically carry the entire load of the column. After some time the steel will be incapable of carrying the load, then instead the concrete core will be the main load carrier. The final collapse of the column occurs only when the concrete core finally will be incapable to carry the load.A comparative theoretical study of concrete-filled steel column, concrete- and steel columns under thermal effects was carried out in this work. The calculation method followed the design rules that exist for each material in the Eurocode. Column capacity calculations are made for both normal room temperatures as well as for fire exposure.The ISO-standard fire curve was used for analysis and determination of each column cross-section temperature profile at the different time stages 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The mechanical properties were then reduced as a function of the temperature.The survey found that the composite and concrete column load capacity exposed to 60 minutes of the ISO-standard fire curve was adequate. Calculations made by hand and with computer showed almost equivalent load capacity by thermal effects and normal temperature.


Recent years have seen a gradual convergence of seemingly distant research fields over a single goal: understanding and replicating biological intelligence in artifacts. This work presents a general overview on the origin, the state-of-the-art, scientific challenges and the future of Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture (BICA) research. Our perspective decomposes the field into the four principal semantic components associated with the BICA challenge that together call for an integration of efforts of researchers across disciplines. Areas and directions of study where new integrated efforts will be primarily needed are summarized.


A large number of college students coming from numerous cities in Indonesia has encouraged citizens of Umbulharjo an area in the city of Yogyakarta to use a part of theirhouses available for the students to rent thereby called double function houses This phenomenon is very important and has inspired this research on the change of spatial system among double function houses in Umbulharjo The approach used in this research is Qualitative deductive Phenomenology Modified from Ihalauw 1985 Muhajir 1992 and Sudaryono 2004 The population was all double function houses in Umbulharjo Yogyakarta From the observations It is obvious that there are three basic types of double function houses i e house functions as a dorm house functions as afood selling vendor warung small restaurant and house functions as a shop Based on the analysis of the change of spatial systemit was found that there are differences between the change pattern and shape of houses function as a dorm and houses function as a warung restaurant and a shop However the changing process and motivation behind it was similar The main motivation was social and economic. Key words : Spatial system the change pattern and shape social and economic motivation


AbstractThe study examined the impact of tax revenue on economic growth of Nigeria proxied as gross domestic product (GDP) from 2000-2017). The study employed Exploratory and ex-post facto designs and secondary data sourced from Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), UNCTAD, FDI/MNE database, World Bank Report, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports, CBN statistical bulletin were used. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique was adopted to test the hypotheses of the study. The result reveals that tax revenue has significant impact on GDP in Nigeria with R-squared showing that about 87% variations in GDP can be attributed to tax revenue, while the remaining 23% variations in GDP are caused by other factors not included in this model. This is further emphasized by the T-statistic p-value of 0.001 which shows that the regression result is statistically significant because it is less than 5%, level of significance adopted for this study. The result from regression analysis also revealed that there is positive relationship between foreign direct investment and Gross Domestic Product, with a p- value of + 0.000, + 0.001 < 0.05% significance level. The study concluded that tax revenue has a significant impact on GDP in Nigeria. Also there is a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth in Nigeria; therefore the more FDI increases the more economic growth. The study recommended that functional tax structures that would ensure that tax is collected from all taxable individuals, group of individuals and corporate bodies and remitted accordingly to the government without diversion should be instituted to widen the revenue base of the country. Government should liberalize the Nigerian economy the more by removing all barriers to trade such as arbitrary tariffs, import and export duties and other levies to encourage foreign investors.


SUMMARY In the first part of this work we reviewed the hippocampus and striatum anatomy and function in the context of the memory systems. In this second part we describe the anatomic and physi-ologic basis of the memory systems represented by the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and their participation in the expression of strategies for the solution of specific problems. Amy-gdaloid formation is divided in three principal regions, the baso-lateral nucleus, the superficial nucleus, and the centromedial nucleus. Amygdala is highly connected with several regions of the brain including hippocampus, striatum and PFC. Amygdala has been implicated in the processing, storing and retrieval of emotional information. Another function proposed for the amygdala is to modulate the activity of structures such as the hippocampus, the striatum and the cerebral cortex. The participation of the amygdala has been shown in different tasks such as the Morris water maze, the radial maze, the passive avoidance task, and the freezing behavior among others. In some of these studies it has been shown that the activation of the amygdala enhances the acquisition of the task. When the amygdala is activated pharmacologically it is able to enhance the acquisition of hippocampus or striatum related tasks. In these context, the efficiency of the amygdala activation depends on the synchrony, the precise time, at which it occurs in relation to the event the subject is learning. This is, either immediately before, during or immediately after learning. In support of this enhancing role of the amygdala, some elec-trophysiological studies have shown that the activation of the amygdala facilitates the development of LTP in the hippocampus while its lesion decreases it. On the other hand, it has also been shown that the amygdala activation increases c-Fos expression in both, the hippocampus and the striatum. In summary, the amygdaloid formation has been proposed as an enhancer of learning, representing the emotional component of the response to the environment. PFC is the other structure involved in the generation of strategies. It has been related with the correct functioning of higher functions such as memory, attention, emotion, anticipation and planning. It has been called the central executor for its fundamental role as a coordinator of past, present information and future performance. It is been proposed as responsible for the so called working memory, that allows to put together different kinds of information at the same time, giving the chance of comparing, selecting …


Small-scale laboratory tests in 1971-72 indicated control of two species of juvenile Helicella infesting seeds of rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., in fumigations at reduced pressure near 100 mm Hg with methyl bromide (MeBr) 48 mg per liter for three hours. Preliminary germination tests of tolerance shortly after fumigation or following storage at 5.6–7.2°C for 12-16 months indicated little or no effect from MeBr 128 mg per liter for 16 hours at reduced pressure or 240 mg for 24 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP). Tolerance of seed also appeared acceptable following NAP fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride 48 mg per liter for 72 hours or an ethylene oxide-carbon dioxide 10:90 mixture 416 mg per liter for 48 hours.


Objective To explore Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression after partial liver ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) in BALB/c mice and its relationship with liver function impairment. Methods All the animals were randomly divided into ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) and sham operation (S) groups. Total RNA was extracted from the liver samples and the expression of TLR2 mRNA was analyzed quantitatively by real time PCR method. Membrane protein was extracted, and the expression of TLR2 protein was detected by western blot method. Portal vein serum and plasma were taken for further detection of the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and endotoxin . Results After 1h of partial liver ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion, the expression of TLR2 mRNA and TLR2 protein were both remarkably upregulated in tissues of ischemic liver lobes in I/R group compared with that in S group (value of TLR2mRNA: 1.06±0.91vs5.08±1.32,P0.01; value of OD: 433.91±25.53vs102.86±13.58, P0.01),as well as the levels of portal vein TNF α and ALT 〔level of TNF α:(112.52±14.41) pg/ml vs (5.96±4.43) pg/ml, P0.01;level of ALT:(848.33±271.37)U/L vs (42.39± 14.75) U/L,P0.01〕 . The levels of endotoxin in portal vein remained constantly below the normal level,and the difference between both groups was not significant (P0.05). Conclusions TLR2mRNA and TLR2 protein expression were upregulated in tissues of ischemic liver lobes after partial I/R injury in mice, and were associated with increased levels of portal vein ALT and TNF α,and impairment of liver function.


Objective To determine the outcome of management of placenta accreta when the policy of hysterectomy was adopted without attempt of manual separation of placenta. Background Placenta accreta occurs when the chorionic villi invade the myometrium abnormally. The incidence of placenta accreta has been steadily increasing, attributed to the increasing prevalence of cesarean delivery in recent years. Patients and methods A retrospective randomized study was conducted on 70 cases of morbidly adherent placenta accreta attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at Menoufia Teaching Hospital over a 4-year interval, during the period between January 2015 and December 2018. Results The incidence of placenta accreta was 1.67% of cesarean deliveries. The ultrasonography was suggestive of morbid adherent in only 32 (45.7%) cases. ICU admission occurred in eight (11.4%) cases. Two (2.8%) patients had wound infection. One (1.4%) case needed reoperation. Postpartum pyrexia occurred in one (1.4%) case. Median duration of hospital stay was 5 days (range, 3–35 days). The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.87 weeks (range, 32–39 weeks), and 11 (15.7%) infants were admitted to neonatal ICU. Conclusion Placenta accreta is highly associated with placenta previa, especially in cases with previous cesarean section. When placenta accreta is diagnosed or suspected antenatally, the patient must be referred to tertiary center. Generally, the recommended management is cesarean hysterectomy with placenta left in situ after bilateral clamping of uterine artery below insertion of placenta with blunt dissection of urinary bladder from lateral to medial.


Within a fault governing model the characteristic scale length is one of the most relevant physical parameters because it accounts for the so–called fracture energy (density) of the system, its dynamics, the time during which the accumulated stress is released and the seismic waves are excited, the amount of slip developed during an instability event. Friction laboratory experiments reveal that it is not a material property, but that it changes with the sliding velocity. We propose two rather different analytical models to fit laboratory evidence and we incorporate them into a fault model able to simulate repeated earthquakes in the framework of various formulations of rate and state friction. We demonstrate that temporal variations of the scale length do not prevent the system to reach its limit cycle, but they systematically reduce the magnitude of the expected event (both in term of developed slip, and thus seismic moment, and released stress) and also reduce the inter–event time (recurrence interval). Depending on the friction model, the system can penetrate into the stable regime and can either continue the accelerating phase toward to failure or decelerate and abort instability.


Temporal chemical oscillations occurring in the BrO3−/Ce4+/acetylacetone system have been investigated by three different methods: potentiometry, calorimetry and NMR. spectrometry. In spite of the analogy between acetylacetone and malonic acid, this periodic reaction seems to be rather different from the famous Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction.


This paper describes laboratory model tests to determine the bearing capacity of an embedded circular footing supported by multiple layers of geogrid-reinforced sand beds. The embedment depth ratio of the footing was varied from zero to 0·6. The tests were conducted with one variety of geogrid in sand compacted to 70% relative density. Besides load settlement data, deformations on fill surface, strain in geogrid layer and pressure distribution in soil subgrade (below the geogrid layers) were measured. The test results demonstrate that the ultimate bearing pressure increases with embedment depth ratio of the foundation. With the provision of multiple layers of geogrid reinforcement in the sand bed, high-performance improvement is obtained, in terms of both increase in bearing capacity and reduction in surface deformation. Also, the footing pressure is redistributed more uniformly over a wider area on the subgrade soil. Strain measurements in the geogrid layers indicate that the geogrid reinforcement is mor...


The effects of adding fish surimi to Appenzeller cheese on quality characteristics during ripening were investigated. Cheese samples were prepared with 1.0% surimi. Changes in chemical composition, lactic acid bacterial population, pH, non-casein nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, a consumer sensory evaluation test, chromaticity, texture, and proteolysis were monitored during ripening. The electrophoretic patterns of cheese proteins and the functional components originating from the surimi were investigated. Adding surimi did not affect the appearance or consumer sensory characteristics of the cheeses. Significantly higher amounts of crude fat and moisture were observed in the cheese supplemented with surimi than in cheese without added surimi.


In this paper,the CPN neural network theory is applied to forecast Electricity Customer Credit Risk after analyzing the major factors affecting the Electricity Customer Credit Risk,and a Electricity Customer Credit Risk forecasting model based on CPN neural network is established.The proposed model is then verified by using actual data and is compared with LVQ neural network,BP neural network and the traditional statistic model.The model is of high precision and great applicability.


Sensitization to fungi is associated with severe bronchial asthma (asthma in brief). A number of mechanisms have been proposed for severe asthma with fungi sensitization (SAFS). SAFS refers to severe asthma that is induced by one or more fungi and is diffcult to control by conventional therapy, and does not meet the diagnostic criteria of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Two trials showed that itraconazole was effective in treating SAFS.

Key words:
Fungal allergy ;  Severe asthma ; Itraconazole


Education is the key to all the Millennium Development goals. For making growth more inclusive for eradication of poverty and malnutrition and for promoting a more productive and a more creative society with vested interest in peace, Post Millennium Development goals must focus more intensively on education. It has always been true that societies remain alive and make advances through knowledge. Modern times have added an additional dimension to knowledge. activities based on knowledge intensity have become a direct source of economic gain. and knowledge intensive activities are possible with even low level of physical infrastructure, the shortage of which is a big drag on economic growth of developing countries.


An insect trypsin-like enzyme with similar biochemical properties to psychrophilic analogs was purified from Chinese ground beetle (Eupolyphaga sinensis) for the first time. The purified trypsin-like enzyme was designated as E. sinensis trypsin-like enzyme (ESTL) with molecular weight of 22.8 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The maximal activity of ESTL was observed at pH 9.5, and the temperature optimum of ESTL was observed at 45C by its amidolytic effect on the substrate benzoyl-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide. The analysis of inhibitors showed that specific inhibitor of serine proteases (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) and trypsin inhibitors (tosyl–lysine chloromethyl ketone, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and benzamidine) inactivated ESTL almost completely. Over the range of tested temperature of 10–30C, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the ESTL was about five times than that of bovine trypsin. The N-terminal sequencing of ESTL revealed the following sequence: I1VGGSTTTIQ10NFPYQVSL, and the complementary DNA (cDNA) of ESTL was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends.

Practical Applications

In recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to the psychrophilic (cold-adapted) enzymes. Psychrophilic trypsins with high activity may be interesting for several industrial applications of enzymes, such as in certain food-processing operations that require low-processing temperatures. For example, cod trypsin is already used in food production and cosmetics. In this article, a trypsin-like enzyme [Eupolyphaga sinensis trypsin-like enzyme (ESTL) ] was purified from Chinese ground beetle by a relatively simple method, and the complementary DNA (cDNA) of this enzyme was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This enzyme was characterized for molecular and enzymatic properties, as demonstrated that it had high activity at low and moderate temperature compared with the mammalian trypsins, and maintained good thermal stability compared with psychrophilic trypsins. ESTL has potential interest in food industry.


The following topics are discussed: transportation demand and energy estimates; transportation trends and issues under three futures for 1995; prospects for new and improved transportation systems by 2025 (air, avionics, shipping, pipelines and tunnels, railroads, intercity buses, highways and streets, trucking, automobiles, urban transit and rail, paratransit, pedestrian aids and bikeways, elderly and handicapped services); electric and hybrid automobiles; innovative urban systems; automated highway system; a generic approach to advanced freight systems; tracked levitated vehicles, improved passenger trains and buses; the successful SST; some transportation implications of future telecommunications technology; and transportation problems and opportunities.


This work addresses spanning forests and trees in which the number of nodes in component subtrees is balanced. The solution procedure developed makes use of Lagrangean relaxation and heuristics. Dual-ascent procedures in conjunction with heuristics are used to yield lower and upper bounds. Computational experience indicates that optimal or suboptimal solutions with very tight bounds can be obtained in 180 to 300 iterations on the average for 100-node balanced tree problems and 700 to 1400 iterations for 100-node balanced forest problems.


The problem of renewing the philosophy of teaching art education in the light of 21st century skills. Art education at the global level is facing many and many challenges as a result of the tremendous changes in the way knowledge and information are exchanged, in which technology plays a large role because of the necessity of its existence at various scientific levels. These challenges required a comprehensive review of the educational system and philosophy in general And in particular technical education, which in turn lead to the development of advanced courses and innovative work to prepare a learner is able to absorb better, in addition to it makes the educational process an interesting process for the learner and by integrating those courses study With 21st century skills and information technology, which in turn improves the outcomes of the learning process and the quality of education.
Research problem: The researcher found through the study of international and international research of the 21st century skills and information technology to be applied in the curricula of different fields, because it is important for the students as it earns and trains them on life and work skills to bring out a person who is more capable of dealing smartly in life and linking them to the curriculum. As well as their application to the labor market.
Therefore, the problem of this research lies in the following question: To what extent is it possible to implement a program based on the integration of information technology and art education curricula in the light of 21st century skills to bring out a learner capable of keeping pace with the labor market?
Research goals: The research aims to:
 - Prepare a student capable of keeping pace with the labor market through the application of the skills of the 21st century by international standards in the curricula of art education.
 - to highlight the skills of the twenty-first century of high value that contribute to the output of a learner capable of achieving professional success in the labor market.
Research importance:
 - keep up with information technology through integration with the curriculum of art education
 - Use the skills of the twenty-first century in teaching the curriculum of art education
 - Stimulate educational institutions to apply the skills of the twenty-first century and mechanisms to achieve the vision of the Kingdom 2030 in the field of education.


I this article the explication of the Ten Commandments according to the Heidelberg Catechism is analysed. The Heidelberg Catechism indicates the following characteristics: Adherence to the Ten Commandments indicates gratitude. The Ten Commandments are synecdochaic in character. The Ten Commandments are explicated in the context of revelation history. The emphasis is placed on inner conviction. The negative as well as the positive vocation of the Christian is emphasized. The universal significance of the Decalogue is acknowledged. The practical implications of the Ten Commandments are indicated. The authority of the Ten Commandments is considered as absolute. The demands of the Decalogue express a personal character. The Roman Catholic and Lutheran divisions of the Ten Commandments are rejected. Biblicism is rejected. Perfectionism is rejected.


After series of reforms, China's medical education system has made significant achievement, but is still facing many challenges. To further improve China's current medical education system, to establish a health professionals' training system tailored to China's context, and to promote its sustainable development, this study systematically reviewed literature on the medical education system in France. The study focus on the remodeling and implementation process of medical college education and continuing medical education in France, and on the comparisons of differences in the medical education process between China and France. Finally, some scientific and feasible suggestions are put forward to improve China's medical education system.

Key words:
French; Medical education; Standardized residents training; Implication


We present the results of photo-polarimetric monitoring observations of the blazar Markarian 421 carried out with different telescopes (the 0.4 m telescopes of St. Petersburg State University and the Pulkovo Observatory, the 0.7 m telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory) during 2008–2015. We analyse the optical data as well as gamma-ray ligh t curves obtained with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The multiwavelength flux variations are discussed.


Cs uptake in Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces sp. TOHO-2, as representatives of actinomycetes, was investigated. Growth of S. lividans TK24 was inhibited above 50 mM CsCl in yeast extract-malt extract agar, while that of Streptomyces sp. TOHO-2, which was isolated from soil as a Cs tolerant strain, was inhibited above 200 mM CsCl. The amount of Cs incorporated into the mycelia of these strains increased with the concentration of Cs in the medium; S. lividans TK24, grown in the presence of 25 mM Cs, accumulated 61.5 mgCs/g dry weight of mycelia, and Streptomyces sp. TOHO-2, grown in the presence of 150 mM Cs, accumulated 142.2 mgCs/g dry weight of mycelia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the substrate mycelia grown on the YM agar plate containing CsCl showed white spots with a similar distribution of mycelia. Elemental analysis using SEM-energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that there were larger amounts of Cs, P and O in the brilliant spots than in other regions of the cell. Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces sp. TOHO-2 could grow even in the presence of high concentrations of Cs, and accumulated high concentration of Cs in the cells.


Reviews the extraordinary contribution made to educational administration by Donald J. Willower who died in January, 2000. During his 40 years at The Pennsylvania State University Willower made a profound contribution to the field in general and to the study of values, leadership, pupil control ideology, organisation theory, change, and methods of inquiry in particular. Willower was Distinguished Professor of Education for the closing decade of his career – an appropriate acknowledgment of his outstanding teaching, research, and professional service to the field. For 20 years he was a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of JEA.


Abstract In the past, treatment of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) was exclusively surgical. These aneurysms were rarely diagnosed in elective or emergency cases. Development of imaging techniques and endovascular procedures has changed the history of the therapeutic options for this pathology. Endovascular management of VAAs has arisen to advances in endovascular techniques and has achieved high efficacy.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Human pathogenic vibrio species in water bodies of Bareilly, U.P. using the traditional culture and multiplex PCR methods. Vibrio species are very much prevalent in water bodies of tropical region. The study was conducted on 25 various water samples collected from rivers and ponds of Bareilly, U.P. For this, species specific primers were designed targeting the toxgene of the five pathogenic species. Confirmation was done using multiplex PCR technique for rapid detection of the five selected pathogenic species including V. cholera, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. mimicus and V. vulnificus . Out of the five targeted species three were present i.e. V. cholera, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus . Water is essential to life, but many people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and many die of waterborne bacterial infections. In this review a general characterization of the most important bacterial diseases transmitted through water like cholera is present.


A petroleum jelly product containing sisal extract (Agave sisalana) used to improve the skin integrity has been claimed to have antimicrobial properties, however, these claims have not been scientifically proven. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the Agave sisalana containing petroleum jelly. A microbial inhibition test using disc assays and a Delvo test were used to determine the antimicrobial properties of sisal extract. The results i ndicated that sisal has anti-microbial subst ances. The sisal extract inhibited growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Results have also shown that the sisal's antimicrobial active ingredient is oil soluble. It w as co ncluded tha t the petroleum jelly product conta in antimicrobial properties but the sisal concentration in the product may not be sufficient for a complete growth inhibition of microorganisms.


To to satisfactorily adjust the dispersion in oscillation frequencies in order. In the oscillator circuit using a pattern coil on the printed circuit board to the resonance circuit, to the printed circuit board at the same time as connected in parallel to said pattern coil and installing the coil (air-core coil) air core under the turned at least 0.5 turn, of the air-core coil by adjusting the angle relative to the printed circuit board is one that controls the oscillation frequency. An oscillator circuit, a tuner, a coil pattern, a printed wiring board


Rapid prototyping (RP) is a fifteen-year-old additive production technology and is becoming extremely popular in various fields. The current studies indicate that RP is almost an unknown concept for any K16 student and teacher. Tennessee Tech University (TTU) and Saddleback College have been collaborating on the development of various instructional tools for RP technology as part of an NSF Advanced Technological Education grant. The objective of their project is to expand and disseminate a cutting edge curriculum model in RP through hands-on workshops and development of instructional support materials for both students and teachers. This paper reports the current K16 RP workshop which is structured and implemented by the project partners. Comments received from the K16 workshop attendees indicate that they practiced this technology first time and found it very versatile for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education


The influence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) on cancer prognosis is widely recognized, and TIL are studied in a wide variety of solid tumors. The composition of the immune infiltrate is of the utmost importance, as the immune architecture mainly determines whether the balance tips towards an anti-tumor or pro-tumor immune response [1]. CD103, the αE subunit of integrin αEβ7, defines intra-epithelial resident memory T cells (T cells) with increased cytolytic potential, improved immune synapse formation, and increased tumor antigen sensitivity [2,3,4]. CD8+ T cells upregulate CD103 upon combined TCR stimulation and TGF-β signaling [5,6,7]. Even though TGF-β production is commonly attributed to dendritic cells and T regulatory cells, differentiated CD103+ T are also capable of selfproducing activated TGF-β1 to maintain CD103 expression on their cell surface [8]. CD103+ T are associated with prolonged survival in many solid tumors [4,6,9,10,11,12,13], including endometrial cancer (EC). CD103+ T , both in tumor and non-tumor tissue, are marked by expression of PDCD1, ITGAE, CXCR6, and SPRY1 in lung cancer [19]. Tumor-resident CD103+ T expressed a unique genotype compared to non-tumor CD103+ T , characterized by expression of ENTPD1 (CD39) [20]. Indeed, bystander, i.e., non-tumor specific T cells, lack CD39 expression [ 21]. CD39, also known as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), catalyzes the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular ATP and ADP to eventually synthesize immunosuppressive adenosine. CD39 is upregulated on activated T cells [22], regulates T cell activation and polarization, and is considered an immunosuppressive marker associated with T cell exhaustion [23,24]. CD39 has therefore been put forth as an immunoregulatory checkpoint and a new therapeutic target in cancer [25]. A further specification of T cells in endometrial cancer might therefore be relevant, as CD39 and CD103 co-expression identifies tumor-resident, clonally expanded, tumor antigen-specific T cells with superior cytolytic capacity [19,20]. Moreover, tumor-resident CD103+ T differentially express immune checkpoints such as CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, and TIGIT, indicating T cell exhaustion due to excess antigen stimulation [ 9,18,19,26]. In line with this, CD103+ T are linked to response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) [ 27,28]. Thus, it can be hypothesized that patients with both a sufficient number of T cells and a specific subtype of T cells are likely to respond to immunotherapy/immune checkpoint blockade. However, little is known about transcriptional activity of T cells in situ.


A hard-cover binding line automatic control system was designed after the in-depth analysis of the production process requirements.The system was composed of Delta DVPEN Ethernet module,DVP28SV PLC,and DVP10MC multiple axial motion controller.The working characteristics of DVPEN Ethernet module and DVP10MC multiple axial motion controller were introduced;their applications in Ethernet system were analyzed.Application practice proved that the system structure design is reasonable;it reduce development period and its operation is much more convenient.


The relevance of this study is due to the problem of increasing crime among minors and against minors themselves. The purpose is to identify the characteristics of the victim's and deviant behavior of minors who commit offenses and themselves become victims of criminally punishable crimes in Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.
The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of legal norms governing the rights and responsibilities of minors, the use of statistical information on the state of minors' delinquency and against minors themselves, and the study of the experience of leading legal scholars who have studied this problem.
The study identifies the main trends in the victim's and deviant behavior of minors; develops methods to improve the criminal law provisions on liability for crimes committed against minors, as well as those minors who commit criminal offenses.
The materials of the article can be useful in the educational process in the study of problems related to the protection of children's rights, victim and deviant behavior of minors, as well as the prevention of violations in this area, the improvement of legal norms governing the rights and responsibilities of minors.


We have developed a new model to investigate the complete lattice dynamics of cesium chloride at 78 K and at room temperature (298 K). The new model, van der Waals three body force shell model (VTSM) incorporates the effect of van der Waals interactions and three-body interactions in the frame work of rigid shell model where short range interactions are effective up to the second neighbour. A good agreement has been obtained between theory and experiment for dependant properties also. Cesium halides have been given a keen interest to most of the workers in the field of lattice dynamics due to the paramount importance of such binary solids, as the nature and physical properties of such crystal reveals to an understanding of their vibrational, thermo-dynamical, elastic, optical, thermal and numerous physical properties. The availability of a lot of measured data on elastic constants (1-4), dielectric constants (5,7), phonon dispersion curves (6,7,8), Debye temperature variations (9-11), two phonon IR and Raman spectra (12-15), third and fourth order elastic constants and their pressure derivatives (16,17), for all of them (CsCl, CsBr, CsI) and their interpretations by means of theoretical models (18-25) with moderate success, has motivated the present author to the basic need for a lattice dynamical model for the satisfactory description of their interesting properties. Various experimental and theoretical workers have given evolution for the study of phonon behaviour of CsCl structure. The first and most important model considered the ions of the crystal to be rigid, undeformable and unpolarizable spherical particle is rigid ion model (RIM) of Kellermann (25) which could not interpret well the dynamical, optical and elastic properties. Further efforts have been put as deformation dipole model (DDM) of Karo and Hardy (19) and rigid shell model (RSM) of Dick and Overhauser (26) and Woods et al. (23) by two different groups of workers. The DDM allows only the redistribution of charges in deformed electron cloud while the shell model considers the relative displacement. Therefore both effects (deformation and displacement) are present in ionic crystals. A general way to remove this deficiency is to include the deformation of electron shells in the framework of RSM. The most prominent amongst them are breathing shell model (BSM) of Schroder (20), the deformable shell model (DSM) of Basu and Sengupta (21), three-body force shell model (TSM) of Verma and Singh (27) and further Singh et al. (1) used extended three-body-force shell model (ETSM) which is an amalgamation of RSM and DDM. It is emergent from the descriptions that the most realistic model for the lattice dynamics and statics of these crystals can be developed by introducing the effect of van der Waals interactions (VWI), and three body interactions (TBI) in the framework of RSM, where the short-range interactions have been considered up to the second neighbours. The development of such a lattice dynamical model is the chief aim of the present work. This model is known as van der Waals three body force shell model (VTSM). A formal description of VWI and three-body interactions in the framework of RSM has been described in section 2. The present model VTSM in a way as outline above has been applied to investigate the complete lattice dynamics of cesium halides (CsCl, CsBr, CsI). The motivation behind the choice of the present system of solids lies in the fact that they are characterized by high energy gap, some discrepancies in PDCs and Cauchy violations. The effect of TBI and VWI are quite significant and play a vital role in the description of lattice dynamics of cesium halides. The proposed investigations have been carried out by adopting a simple method to determine a consistent set of 14-parameters )


Background: Liver diseases cause significant public health problems worldwide. They are associated with poor long-term clinical outcome resulting in 2 million deaths per year worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the relative frequencies of liver diseases and evaluate the etiological factors among patients admitted to the medical wards in our centre.
Materials and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of digestive disease patients admitted from 1st January 2013 to 31st of December 2017 to the medical wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto state, Nigeria. This is a tertiary hospital sitiated in the North Western region of Nigeria and serves at least five states in the region namely Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Katsina and Niger states. Data were extracted from patients' case folders during the period under review. The data were validated using Microsoft excel version 13 and exported into SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago IL) for windows; for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed for demographic and other clinical characteristics as categorical variables.(Chi-square Fisher exact test and Bivariate spearman`s correlation) was applied between demographic, clinical presentation (Independent variables) and liver diseases variant and Outcome as (dependent variables) P ≤ 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.
Result: Out of 1266 digestive disease patients admitted to the gastroenterology service on the medical wards during the five-year period, liver diseases accounted for 30.4% of all the digestive diseases in the same period. There were three hundred and eighty-five patients diagnosed with liver diseases. There were 310(80.5%) males and 75(19.5%) females, with a male to female ratio of 4.1:1. The overall mean age of the patients and age range was 46.3±15.5 and 11-90 years respectively. Average age of male patients was (46.5 ± 15) while for female patients' mean age was (45.6 ± 16.4). The peak age incidence occurred within the fourth decade of life accounting for 26.2%; there were more male patients 86(85.1%) within these age category than the counterpart gender 15(14.9%). The commonest liver diseases were; primary liver cell carcinoma which accounted for 176(45.7%), followed by liver cirrhosis 98(25.5%) and acute hepatitis 52(13.5%).HBV was the commonest risk factor for liver disease and accounted for 280(72.7%) cases, followed by HCV 70(18.2%), HIV/HBV 15(3.9%) alcohol consumption 11(2.9%), fatty liver disease 5(1.3%), while autoimmune diseases had 4(1%).
Conclusion: Our findings show that primary liver cell carcinoma was the commonest cause of admission among GIT diseases in our environment; also the majority of patients were male. In view of this, health education and public enlightenment on hepatitis B and C screening tests is the primary preventive strategy to be considered.


The concept of Smart Cities is currently gaining high popularity among city authorities around the world while attracting leading companies to collaborate with government bodies as it is now moving from pilot projects and towards creating high business value. Though the existing literature provides evidence for various attempts made in defining the term Smart City and in developing models for the realization of Smart Cities, they are largely focusing on heavily digitized cities with well-established infrastructure. Therefore this paper attempts to address the unattended need of developing a Smart City model that could equally be applied to small and emerging cities especially in developing countries, with the aim of optimizing the utilization of existing city resources. Maslow's hierarchy of needs serves as the base on which the model is developed and the associated cyclic behavior is due to the emphasis placed on the participation of citizens in city governance through their feedback which is further inspired by the advent of new technologies including web 2.0 technologies. Universal design is integrated to the model further making the cities accessible and livable for all.


— Generative Networks have proved to be extremely effective in image restoration and reconstruction in the past few years. Generating faces from textual descriptions is one such application where the power of generative algorithms can be used. The task of generating faces can be useful for a number of applications such as finding missing persons, identifying criminals, etc. This paper discusses a novel approach to generating human faces given a textual description regarding the facial features. We use the power of state of the art natural language processing models to convert face descriptions into learnable latent vectors which are then fed to a generative adversarial network which generates faces corresponding to those features. While this paper focuses on high level descriptions of faces only, the same approach can be tailored to generate any image based on fine grained textual features.


Purpose
While high-quality information is critical in decision-making for environmental issues and assessing the impact of natural disasters, there is a significant lack of research on how environmental information systems (EISs) can be integrated through service-oriented architecture (SOA). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the EISs in South Korea and to propose an SOA to improve the quality of EISs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study follows the design science research methodology proposed by Peffers et al. (2007). A pilot test was conducted with Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) end users based on the modified DeLone and McLean's IS success model to discern the moderating effect of SOA readiness.

Findings
This study proposed a new SOA for the South Korea EIASS; the work processes among EIASS, nationwide EISs and local EISs are also analyzed. Conceptual and hardware SOA for the EIASS were presented. The finding shows that SOA readiness has a significant moderating effect for EIASS end user benefits.

Practical implications
Supply chain managers can exploit GIS-based environmental information, which can be provided by the new EIASS architecture, to estimate the risk of a natural disaster within the geographical region of their supply chain.

Originality/value
This is one of the few studies in the EIS literature that propose an SOA to improve the quality of EIS. In addition, the study remodeled DeLone and McLean's IS success model to assess the proposed SOA for EAISS and found that the new SOA would be useful for end users.


Abstract Up to date concept of warfare is characterized by a high mobility of units, in spite of this counter-mobility is currently disregarded. However, military engineers try to keep and develop this capability. One of the most important elements for the development in the field of counter-mobility is man-made obstacles effectiveness evaluation. The process of evaluation is applicable to the obstacle employment design, to the estimation of a battle progress as well as to the development of mine-laying means, including mines and explosives for obstacle creating. The article is focused on determination of the appropriate obstacles effectiveness evaluation criteria. The criteria can be applied within planning of barriers as well as other complexes of obstacles (obstacle areas, zones, belts), which allows to optimize the engagement of engineer units and means to fulfil the engineer tasks.


Coworker support is a critical phenomenon in organizational settings that determines work place behaviors and job attitudes, yet it has not received a lot of attention in the literature. This paper seeks to answer two research questions. First, how does perceived demographic similarity (i.e. sex similarity) among coworkers affect job attitudes (i.e. job satisfaction and organizational commitment) through the mediation effect of coworker support? Second, does the creative requirement of various jobs influence the relationship among coworker support and job attitudes? To answer these research questions, the National Employee Survey (NES) is used which contains a sample of 1160 full-time employees. The results indicated that employees who are similar to their coworkers with respect to their sex receive more coworker support than those who are not similar to their coworkers. In addition, coworker support mediates the relationship between perceived sex similarity and both job satisfaction and organizational co...


The connection between north tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) and associated physical mechanisms are investigated in this study. We demonstrate a remarkable negative correlation of WNP TC genesis frequency with the (preceding) boreal spring NTA SST anomalies. Our analysis suggests that major factors for TC genesis including distributions of large‐scale vorticity and midtropospheric humidity are rendered unfavorable by remote teleconnections while barotropic energy conversion from the large‐scale flow is suppressed. As shown in recent studies, the remote teleconnection from the Atlantic is sustained and enhanced throughout the typhoon season through local air‐sea interactions. These results suggest that boreal spring NTA SST anomaly could be a new predictor for the seasonal WNP TC activity.


Natural ventilation in greenhouse,as the basic means for greenhouse ventilation,plays an important role in the mass and heat exchange inside and outside of the greenhouse.The researches on the mechanism of natural ventilation in greenhouse and common methods in the current researches on natural ventilation in greenhouse at home and abroad including trace gas method,energy/mass balance method and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method were summarized.The application foreground of CFD method in the future horticulture domain was predicted.It was pointed out that combining CFD method with tracer gas method and energy/mass balance method and applying the research results in the greenhouse intelligent control system would have positive practical significance for improving the greenhouse structure design and optimizing the climate control strategies in the researches of greenhouse microenvironment distribution.


New methods and means to improve the accuracy of the computer system to control the ecological status of water environment are reported. These are based on interference-free measurement of the time parameters of multiple reflected ultrasonic signals in the two reference and study environments.


This study examined whether a measure of person–environment (P-E) fit predicted worker ratings of work attitudes and supervisor ratings of performance. After combining extant data elements and expert ratings of interest and work value characteristics for each occupation in the O*NET system, the authors generated a "Fit Index"—involving profile correlations between individual interest and work value score profiles and corresponding occupational profiles—for each occupation. The authors then conducted an extensive field study of 503 adult workers and 219 supervisors. The construct validity of the fit scores was supported by the patterns of over 477,000 scores across same, similar, and dissimilar occupations. Results also supported the association of person–occupation fit with desirable work attitudes and outcomes, and the incremental validity of fit when including a measure of integrity. These results add support to the idea that P-E fit can be useful in personnel staffing.


Two "volcano" peaks in the relevant activity curve showcased that plasma discharge power had a significant impact on the activity of Pt/CeO2-Px catalysts and modulating discharge power could be regarded as an efficient method to optimize catalyst performance.


In Real coded genetic algorithms, some crossover operators do not work well on functions which have their optimum at the corner of the search space. To cope with this problem, we have proposed boundary extension methods which allows individuals to be located within a limited space beyond the boundary of the search space. In this paper, we give an analysis of the boundary extension methods from a view point of the sampling bias and perform a comparative study on the effect of applying boundary extension methods, namely the BEM (boundary extension by mirroring, the BES (boundary extension with extended selection). We were able to confirm that to use sampling methods which have smaller sampling bias had good performance on both functions which have their optimum at or near the boundaries of the search space, and functions which have their optimum at the center of the search space. The BES/SD/A (BES by shortest distance selection with aging) had good performance on functions which have their optimum at or near the boundaries of the search space. We also confirmed that applying the BES/SD/A did not cause any performance degradation on functions which have their optimum at the center of the search space. This feature of the BES/SD/A is very useful because when we solve some function optimization problems, we do not know the position of their optimal point.


Living in several languages encompasses experiencing and constructing oneself differently in each language. The research study on which this article is based takes an intersectional approach to explore insider accounts of the place of language speaking in individuals' constructions of self, family relationships and the wider context. Twenty-four research interviews and five published autobiographies were analysed using grounded theory, narrative and discursive analysis. A major finding was that learning a new language inducted individuals into somewhat 'stereotyped' gendered discourses and power relations within the new language, while also enabling them to view themselves differently in the context of their first language. This embodied process could be challenging and often required reflection and discursive work to negotiate the dissimilarities, discontinuities and contradictions between languages and cultures. However, the participants generally claimed that their linguistic multiplicity generated creativity. Women and men used their language differences differently to 'perform their gender'. This was particularly evident in language use within families, which involved gendered differences in the choice of language for parenting – despite the fact that both men and women experience their first languages as conveying intimacy in their relationships with their children. The article argues that the notion of 'mother tongue' (rather than 'first language') is unhelpful in this process as well as in considering the implications of living in several languages for systemic therapy.


The article presents the problems of the range and operation of some characteristic areas of a city centre – the main streets – in the aspect of the preservation of the identity of a place and the maintenance of the values of their attractiveness. The selected Polish examples – Krupówki Street in Zakopane, Bohaterów Monte Cassino Street in Sopot and Piotrkowska Street in Łódź – concern the phenomenon of "the heart of the city". After the modernization in the 1990s, these streets and their nearest surroundings require a new strategic approach and a programme of "place management" within a programme of "town centre management" – on the one hand counteracting the loss of their meaning, on the other hand supporting their functional, spatial and compositional values for a city.


NICHE DIFFERENTIATION AMONG MALAGASY CARNIVORANS: AN ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION IN A SPATIOTEMPORALLY ISOLATED CARNIVORAN CLADE (EUPLERIDAE: CARNIVORA) Michael C. Taylor, M. S. Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2016 Virginia L. Naples, Director To occupy an ecological niche, a carnivoran species must possess the necessary morphotype to consistently capture and process resources. In theory, two species would inevitably compete with one another if they occupied the same niche. Carnivoran diversity is related to niche differentiation, which can be facilitated spatially, temporally, or morphologically. Differences in diet preference and prey preference among carnivorans are effectively indicated by variations in craniodental morphology. Eupleridae is the sole carnivoran lineage in Madagascar and many of its species coexist in its eastern lowland rainforests and other ecoregions. This study described, in detail, the craniodental morphology of eight euplerid species. Ten craniodental characters were chosen that are functionally significant in dictating diet and prey preferences, which are means for morphological niche differentiation among carnivorans. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) there is no differences in craniodental morphology among the euplerid species; (2) there is no difference in pattern between the evolution of Eupleridae and the evolutions of Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha. Principal component analyses established seven different morphotypes among species, based on diet preference and prey preference. Only Galidia elegans and Galidictis fasciata occupied the same morphospace. Because they also occupy the same geographic range, they must vary temporally. Morphological niche differentiation characterizes the rest of the family. Some euplerids exhibit morphotypes that make them ecomorphs to species belonging to phylogenetically distinct carnivoran families absent in Madagascar. Results suggest an isolated carnivoran lineage prioritizes morphological niche differentiation over spatial or temporal variation. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS


The American Medical Association, whose annual meeting declared gun violence in the United States a public health emergency earlier this month, will lend its formidable lobbying arm to efforts to overturn a congressional ban on government sponsored epidemiological research into factors behind gun deaths.

"An epidemiological analysis of gun violence is vital so physicians and other health providers, law enforcement, and society at large may be able to prevent injury, death, and other harms to society resulting from firearms," said the association's president, Steven Stack, in a statement.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used to carry out research into gun violence but stopped in 1996, when the …


The recent burst in the number of radii measurements of very low-mass stars from eclipsing binaries and interferometry of single stars has opened more questions about what can be causing the discrepancy between the observed radii and the ones predicted by the models. The two main explanations being proposed are a correlation between the radius of the stars and their activity levels or their metallicities. This paper presents a study of such correlations using all the data published to date. The study also investigates correlations between the radii deviation from the models and the masses of the stars. There is no clear correlation between activity level and radii for the single stars in the sample. Those single stars are slow rotators with typical velocities vrotsini < 3.0 km s . A clear correlation however exists in the case of the faster rotating members of binaries. This result is based on the of X-ray emission levels of the stars. There also appears to be an increase in the deviation of the radii of single stars from the models as a function of metallicity, as previously indicated by Berger et al. (2006). The stars in binaries do not seem to follow the same trend. Finally, the Baraffe et al. (1998) models reproduce well the radius observations below 0.30–0.35 M⊙, where the stars become fully convective, although this result is preliminary since almost all the sample stars in that mass range are slow rotators and metallicities have not been measured for most of them. The results in this paper indicate that stellar activity and metallicity play an important role on the determination of the radius of very low-mass stars, at least above 0.35M⊙. Subject headings: stars: fundamental parameters Carnegie Fellow. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington D.C., 20015, USA


HALEH AFSHAR, Development Studies and Women in the Middle East: The Dilemmas of Research and Development. MALIKA MEHDID, A Western Invention of Arab Womanhood: The "Oriental" Female. ZIBA MIR-HOSSEINI, Women, Marriage and the Law in Post-Revolutionary Iran. ZAHRA KAMALKHANI, Women's Everyday Religious Discourse in Iran. IVY PAPPS, Attitudes to Female Employment in Four Middle Eastern Countries. SHAHRASHOUB RAZAVI, Women, Work and Power in the Rafsanjan Basin of Iran. NAWAL EL SAADAWI, Women's Resistance in the Arab World and in Egypt. GHADA KARMI, The Saddam Hussein Phenomenon and Male-Female Relations in the Arab World. HAIDEH MOGHISSI, Women in the Resistance Movement in Iran. JULIET J. POPE, The Emergence of a Joint Israeli-Palestinian Women's Peace Movement during the Intifada. TERESA THORNHILL, The Interrogation of Women "Security" Detainees by the Israeli General Security Service. MARIE-AIMEE HELIE-LUCAS, Women's Struggles and Strategies in the Rise of Fundamentalism in the Muslim World: From Entryism to Internationalism.


Objective:To study the disc herniation patients clinic data of community clinic,thus we can guide the community clinic better.Method:To summarize and analyse non-acute lumbar intervertebral disc herniation of the relevant clinical patients' data in Guangxi nanning's five community clinics.Result:In this group of 240 people,women get highter incedence than men,aging 40~59,who are mainly nonmanualworkers.Long-term chronic accumulating strain,waist injury history are the main factors.The course of disease are short but easy recrudesce.Conclusion:The clinical features of community clinic disc herniation patients are different from the hospitalized ones'.


We consider concave continuous-kernel games characterized by monotonicity properties and propose discounted mirror descent type dynamics. We introduce two classes of dynamics whereby the associated mirror map is constructed based on a strongly convex or a Legendre regularizer. Depending on the properties of the regularizer, we show that these new dynamics can converge asymptotically in concave games with merely monotone (negative) pseudogradient. Furthermore, we show that when the regularizer enjoys strong convexity, the resulting dynamics can converge even in games with hypomonotone (negative) pseudogradient, which corresponds to a shortage of monotonicity.


Cloud storage services have been increasingly popular in recent years. To provide guarantee against possible drive failures and crashes, data must be stored with redundancy on multiple drives. In this paper, we propose Remote Assessment of File Redundancy (RAFR), with the goal of providing guarantee to users that the cloud has stored data in k + Ψ drives, for some Ψ < 0, and so up to Ψ drive failures can be tolerated. In RAFR, cloud encodes the data using an (n, k) MDS erasure code and stores it in n drives. The user can verify that at least k drives are holding the encoded data and so the data is recoverable. Our analysis shows that the value of Ψ is n -- k -- ω(log n).


Introduction:
 Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have elevated large artery stiffness and blood pressure (BP) several years postpartum. Age-related increases in aortic stiffness are deleterious to brain structure and cognitive function; however, the relationship between large artery stiffness and cognitive function has not been assessed in women with a history of PE. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which large artery stiffness and BP are associated with cognitive function in women with a history of PE.

 Methods:
 Women with a history of PE (n=12; age 33±1 yrs; BMI 28.5±3.1 kg/m
 2
 ) and healthy pregnancy controls (n=7; age 34±2 yrs; BMI 26.5±4.0 kg/m
 2
 ) were assessed one year postpartum. Brachial BP was collected in triplicate using an automated cuff. Aortic stiffness was measured via applanation tonometry and quantified as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Carotid stiffness (β-stiffness) was obtained via ultrasonography and carotid tonometry. Cognitive function was assessed in domains of memory, processing speed, and executive function.

 Results:
 Women with a history of PE had higher systolic BP (121±4 vs. 104±3 mmHg, p<0.01) and cfPWV (6.2±0.4 vs. 5.1±0.2 m/s, p=0.06), though the latter did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference between groups in β-stiffness (6.1±0.4 vs. 6.1±0.6 U, p=0.97). Cognitive domains of executive function, memory, and processing speed did not differ between groups (all p>0.05). Systolic BP was associated with reductions in executive function (r = -0.52, p=0.04) independent of education level, but was not related to reductions in memory or processing speed. Arterial stiffness was not associated with cognition.

 Conclusions:
 Women with a history of PE had elevated systolic BP and aortic stiffness, but only BP was associated with reductions in executive function. These preliminary findings suggest that young women with a history of PE may be vulnerable to reductions in cognitive function related to persistent elevated systolic BP.


Uses/applications: It is usually found in as a component in paints and in the production of paper coatings. Major commercial form(s): Estimated uses: nitrocellulose-based lacquers 63%, exports 27%, ink solvent 5%, adhesives solvent 2%, and other solvent uses 3%. As a lacquer solvent it is used in wooden furniture and auto top-coat applications. Other uses may include solvent in the production of airplane dopes, extraction solvent in the manufacture of penicillin, synthetic flavoring ingredient used in producing banana, pear, pineapple and berry flavors, solvent for fats, waxes, camphor, gums, resins, lacquer stains, ester-soluble dyes and cellulose esters. In commercial grade it has been used in the manufacturing of vinyl resins, and preservation of foodstuffs. Other reported uses include photographic film manufacturing, in nail polish removers, other products for manicure, and as a flavoring agent in the cosmetics industry. It occurs naturally in bananas and other related fruits, and it is created during fermentation processes. Odor Thresholds: Detection: 0.31 ppm; Recognition: 0.68 ppm (AIHA 1997). Metabolism: All butyl acetates are absorbed by the lung, the gastrointestinal tract and to a smaller extent through the skin. Once absorbed, sec-butyl acetate is hydrolysed by unspecific esterases to acetic acid and secbutanol, which is further metabolized to ethyl methyl ketone and ten excreted either by exhalation or in the urine. Dahl et al (1987) measured the hydrolysis rates of all four butyl acetate isomers using esterases from a rat S9-mix. Steric factors at the site of hydrolysis such as degree of branching clearly contributed to the velocity of the reaction: n-butyl acetate: 77 ± 3 nmol/mg protein, isobutyl acetate: 67 ± 3 nmol/mg protein, sec-butyl acetate: 62 ± 3 nmol/mg protein and tert-butyl acetate: 42 ± 2 nmol/mg protein. For comparison purposes, the partition coefficients for isobutyl acetate in rats for several tissues (liver: 5.06, kidney: 4.08, brain: 2.65, muscle: 2.12 and fat: 21.3) and the blood/air partition coefficient (880).


This paper studies the tracking control problem with unknown trajectory for a class of non-affine systems subject to unknown control directions. The non-affine dynamics, uncertain tracking trajectory and unknown control directions make the control synthesis much nontrivial. To circumvent these difficulties mentioned above, we employ some techniques. Firstly, a core function method is utilized to compensate the uncertainties inherent in the non-affine dynamics; Secondly, the concept of refitted curve is introduced to deal with the uncertain tracking trajectory; Thirdly, a novel Nussbaum function is introduced into the controller design to circumvent the unknown control direction; Finally, the uniformly ultimately boundedness (UUB) result of the tracking error is ensured, and all internal signals are ensured to be bounded. Simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


A memory cell and method for controlling the resistance properties in a memory material are provided. The method comprises: forming manganite; annealing the manganite in an oxygen atmosphere; controlling the oxygen content in the manganite in response to the annealing; and, controlling resistance through the manganite in response to the oxygen content. The manganite is perovskite-type manganese oxides with the general formula RE 1-x AE x MnO y , where RE is a rare earth ion and AE is an alkaline-earth ion, with x in the range between 0.1 and 0.5. Controlling the oxygen content in the manganite includes forming an oxygen-rich RE 1-x AE x MnO y region where y is greater than 3. A low resistance results in the oxygen-rich manganite region. When y is less than 3, a high resistance is formed. More specifically, the process forms a low resistance oxygen-rich manganite region adjacent an oxygen-deficient high resistance manganite region.


The nutritional components including major constituent(Ca and Mg)and trace constituent(Cu,Cr,Fe,Zn and Mn)in the Curume Long L.of Chinese herbal medicine,which came from the region of Hanzhong Shaanxi Province,were determined by ICP-AES.The concentration(μg·g-1) of Ca,Mg,Cu,Cr,Fe,Zn and Mn were 6010.5,6250.1,18.8,4.2,331.8,208.6 and 477.4,respectively.The recovery was 96.4%—102.5%.The method is simple,reliable,and had good precision and accuracy.Additionally,the relationship between the concentration of the nutritional components in the medicine and its pharmacy effect was discussed simply.For the samples that came from the different region,the difference of the nutritional components has been compared,and the content of nutritional components for the different region was different.


In the present scenario, polymers are extensively used for manufacturing of sliding components (against metals or other materials) such as gears, bearings, cams, rollers in conveyors etc. which undergo wear and tear. Thus the study of wear behaviour of polymers becomes necessary in order to enhance the life of such components. In the present research work, the adhesive wear characteristics of crystalline polymer Polyacetal (Polyoxymethylene-POM) and semi-crystalline polymer such as Nylon 6, Nylon 66 (aliphatic polyamides) were investigated. Polymers considered for this study are potential candidate materials for rollers in hybrid chains in food processing industry, medical equipments etc. Sliding wear tests were carried out under dry conditions using a pinon-disc (ASTM G99) arrangement. The wear tests were performed against a mild steel disc (HRB 67) at room temperature under various loads (60, 80, 100N) and sliding speeds (1.8, 2.3, 2.8m/s). Cylindrical shaped polymers of 25 mm diameter were used for the wear tests. Among the three polymers, Polyacetal was observed the least wear rate and coefficient of friction irrespective of load and speed because of its crystalline nature. Nylon 6 exhibits higher frictional coefficient at higher sliding velocity. Frictional heating and subsequent local melting of the polymer apparently play a role on the wear of the polymers.


The spectroscopic techniques (viz. Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy etc.) are widely used as Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools supporting the Quality by Design (QbD) Concept. Furthermore, advancements in multivariate data analysis approaches have enabled extraction of information from complex dataset. The present study focuses on evaluating the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy as a PAT tool to understand phase transformations of anhydrate and hydrate forms of naproxen sodium (NS) during pharmaceutical development. NS is known to exist in anhydrate, various hydrate and solvate forms1,2,3. In the present study, four solid forms of NS i.e. anhydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate and tetrahydrate forms were used. The monohydrate form was generated by recrystallization from 64 mol% methanol. The dihydrate and tetrahydrate forms were generated by exposing the anhydrate form at higher relative humidity conditions. The generated solid forms were confirmed by PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction). The NIR spectra were evaluated using multivariate data analysis (Principle Component Analysis (PCA)). The identity and phase purity of the solid forms were confirmed by PXRD measurements. The NIR spectra were also distinct among the four solid forms. Scores plot of PCA depicted good separation among the four solid forms. The loadings plots (PC1 and PC2) indicated that the C-H and O-H spectral regions were most contributing to the separation observed in the scores plot. Thus, the present study indicates the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy to efficiently monitor phase transformation of NS. Future studies will focus on development of NIR based quantitative model that can be applied for online monitoring of hydrate formation and dehydration behaviour of the NS solid forms during processing and storage. References: 1. Krystle J. Chavez et. al., Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 10, 2010, 3372-77 2. Piera Di Martino et. al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 96, 2007,156-167 3. Young-soo Kim et. al, Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 4, 2004,1211-1216


The present invention discloses a modified using an improved alcohol reforming process and such processes alcohol power system. In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol reforming process, and uses a reforming catalyst in the thermal conductivity to be efficiently generate a reformed gas mixture containing hydrogen into the low-temperature reforming of the alcohol fuel. The invention enables the effective use of the alcohol fuel in the internal combustion engine to generate electrical power or mechanical power. Alcohol reforming, the reforming catalyst, a modified alcohol power system


A series of cyclic, conformationally restricted analogs of somatostatin have been prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]naloxone and [D-Ala2, D-Leus][3Hlenkephalin to rat brain membranes. The most potent analog, D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 where Pen is penicillamine in [D-Phe5, Cys , Tyr7, D-Trp8, ien"llsomatostatin-(5-12)-octapeptide amide, exhibited high affinity for Ip-opiate receptors (ICso value of [3H~naloxone = 3.5 nM), being 7800 times more potent than somatostatin. The cyclic octapeptide also displayed hih pA-opiate receptor selectivity with an IC50 ([D-Ala2, D-LeU Jenkephalin)/IC50 (naloxone) ratio of 271. The high affinity and selectivity of the somatostatin analog for A-opiate receptors may be of use in examining the physiological role(s) of the p-opiate receptor. The cyclic tetradecapeptide somatostatin is known to interact with a variety of receptor systems over a wide concentration range (1). High-affinity (low dissociation constant) binding with a receptor system is generally thought to have physiological significance, but when the affinity is weak (micromolar), the physiological significance is not clear. The weak affinity that somatostatin displays for the opiate receptor is one such example. It has been reported, for instance, that high concentrations (high micromolar) of somatostatin can inhibit the binding of [3H]naloxone and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5][3H]enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) to rat brain homogenates as well as give rise to an in vivo analgesic response in mice (2, 3). Recently, it has been reported that the somatostatin analog [D-Phe5, CyS6, D-Trp', Cysll~somatostatinol-(5-12)-octapeptide, which we refer to as D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-LysThr-Cys-Thr(ol), with an IC50 value of 38 nM at the ,u-opiate receptor, was capable of antagonizing the excitatory effects of the stable enkephalin analog [D-Ala2, MePhe4, -NHCH(CH2OH)-(CH2)2-S(O)CH5]enkephalin in electrophysiological experiments (4). Our interest in somatostatin stems from the reported antagonist activity of this analog to opiates as well as the apparent lack of structural similarity of somatostatin and analogs to either the rigid opiates or the enkephalin compounds. We have prepared a number of conformationally restricted analogs of somatostatin in order to probe the structural and conformational features important for somatostatin's activity at opiate receptors. These studies have resulted in the development of the penicillamine (Pen)-containing analog [DPhe5, Cys6, Tyr7, D-Trp8, Penllsomatostatin-(5-12)-octapeptide amide, which we refer to as D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 or [Cys2, Tyr3, Pen7]-octapeptide amide and which displays high ,-opiate receptor affinity and selectivity in the rat brain radioreceptor assay (Fig. 1). H3N HHNH3


The invention filed a method of enhancing the power-saving performance of the UE, comprises the following steps: the user device UE receives a down phosphorus data transmitted from the evolved base station eNB; said downlink data the UE received based on, start the corresponding RTT timer, timing of the RTT timer based on the arrangement of uplink / downlink UL / DL by UE, and a subframe number of the downlink subframes carrying the downlink data is determined Te; by the UE is the RTT timer controls DRX process that receives discontinuously. The present invention, by redefining the RTT timer, provides a power saving of UE in a TDD system.


The present invention relates to a substrate inspection device, whether or not, and the process chamber to form a predetermined processing space; To mediate substrate guide to the bottom portion of the processing chamber and at least one substrate disposed in the upright position and the bottom portion; The processing chamber is provided on both sides of the irradiation optical axis, wherein the substrate is an upright perpendicular to the first light emitting portion to be irradiated, and the first substrate composed of a first light-receiving portions receiving the irradiated light, and the presence or absence detecting means; Light reflecting means provided in a bottom of the processing chamber; At least one second substrate presence installed on one side consisting of the irradiation light to the second light receiving portion to the light-receiving the reflected light through the second light emitting portion and the light reflecting means for emitting a predetermined angle toward the light reflection means in the processing chamber It includes a sensing means. Sensing the input and output state of the substrate by a configuration as described above, also the well to sense the presence or absence of conditions such as the substrate or damaged piece remains on the bottom surface thereof to prevent further damage to the substrate, and the advantage of reducing the processing treatment failure rate have.


A method is presented, which allows, with a minimum of assumptions, the determination of the molar absorption coefficients of the coloured form of photochromic compounds and their forward and reverse quantum efficiencies. The approach used combines a modified Fischer's method with an improved intensity variation technique. The efficacy and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by measuring the photochromic parameters of several naphthoxazinespiroindolines. The forward quantum efficiencies were found to vary from 0.2 to 0.9 and the ratios of reverse to forward quantum efficiencies were shown to be uniformly low, in the range 0–0.07. The molar absorption coefficients of the coloured form at the peak maximum were in the range (3.1–5.1)× 104 dm3 mol–1 cm–1.


The block and graft polyurethanes consisting of different structures and molecular weight soft segments were designed and synthesized.The test of their dynamic mechanical property shows that the polyurethanes containing PPG,PDEA and PEAG as soft segments are superior in damping property.The polyurethanes with graft chains exhibit higher damping property than that of polyurethane block copolymers with the same composition.The damping property of polyurethanes is closely related to the molecular weight of soft segment in the main chain.With an increase in the molecular weight of soft segment in the main chain,value of the tan δ increases accordingly.


The local electrostatic stability against homogeneous deformations of uniformly charge-compensated lattices of point charges of the Wigner (unary or single charge species) and Dyson (binary or two charge species in equal concentration) types is explored. Within the scope of these calculations only the bcc, fcc, and hcp unary lattices are found to be locally stable with the bcc having the lowest energy of the three. Among binary lattices, locally stable lattices at various charge ratios of the two species are found to be the CsCl, NaCl, sphalerite (ZnS), tungsten carbide (WC), and the 1:1 gold-copper (AuCu). At very large charge ratio a lattice here dubbed almost bcc is found to be locally and possibly globally stable. Parameters and energies for the above lattices plus that of some locally unstable lattices are given as well as the energies of segregated unary lattices of the two species for all values of the charge ratio. This allows the most-stable lattice at each charge ratio to be determined. It is further conjectured that among binary lattices with a basis of more than two atoms, the wurtzite (ZnS) structure is probably also locally stable over some charge-ratio range. No simple correlation between structure and electrostatic energy has become apparent, but the energies of all locally stable forms differ by 0.1% or less. Some implications are briefly discussed.


Why members are organizational activists has received little attention, despite its obvious
importance for many associations. In this analysis, a theory of experiential search is applied to the
activist decision calculus of Common Cause members. Most such volunteers join an organization as.
members of the rank and file, learn about the group and its operations, and then decide to become
activists. They are largely motivated by what they learn about those benefits that accrue exclusively
to activists. Their actions also may suggest a tendency toward organizational oligarchy-but one
that is strongly tempered by the presence of other factors shaping the conditional decision calculus.


Searching for relevant 3D models based on hand-drawn sketches is important for many applications, such as sketch-based 3D modeling and recognition. Sketch-based shape retrieval (SBSR) has become a hot research spot in the field of model retrieval, pattern recognition, and computer vision. 3D deep representation based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) enables significant performance improvement over state-of-the-arts in task of 3D shape retrieval. Motivated by this, we proposed a sketch-based 3D model retrieval algorithm by utilizing representative views and CNN feature matching. The representative views are obtained by viewpoint entropy. The main idea of the method is that the hand-drawn sketch can be achieved according to a viewpoint of the 3D model. Thus the sketch and the projection of model from same class are similar. Therefore, we filter a certain amount of view as representative view to reduce the computational complexity and improve the accuracy. We extract CNN descriptors as features for representative view of each object. Our experiments on Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) 2012 database and SHREC 2013 database demonstrate that our method is better than state-of-the-art approaches.


We examine the effect of buyer-side M&As on the continuation of supplier-buyer ties, distinguishing between the supplier's and the buyer's incentives to keep their relationship going. We focus on post-M&A changes in competitive overlap between the merged company and the other clients in the focal supplier's customer base. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 798 advertising agency-client ties, for which the client was involved in an acquisition. Our results show that, from the buyer's perspective, an increase in competitive overlap has a negative effect on the likelihood of tie continuation which is moderated by the relative intensity of investment in the service provided by the focal suppliers. From the supplier's perspective we find that the negative effect of an increase in competitive overlap on the likelihood of tie continuation is moderated by the importance of the buyer to the supplier. Our results suggest that buyers are concerned about sharing a supplier with competitors, but these fears are mit...


A lasing wavelength of 480.5 nm for a II-VI laser diode (LD) has been realised. The threshold current of this blue LD is 470 mA. The threshold current of the II-VI LD, whose lasing wavelength is 495 nm, is ~ 100 mA. The light output power of the 495 nm LD is 600 mW and the slope efficiency is 0.63 W/A. These values are the best so far reported in a II-VI LD.


The invention provides a preparation method of PS-Cl and the application thereof, wherein PS-Cl is used as a slurry stabilizer of IIR. The preparation method comprises the following steps that monomer styrene prepared by mixing solvents is placed in an oxygen-free water-free polymerization bottle, an inifer and coinitiator Lewis acid which are prepared through a hexane solution are placed in the polymerization bottle, a reaction is conducted for 30 min under the condition of -110 DEG C to -60 DEG C, a reaction product is added to an isobutene and isoprene solution prepared by mixing solvents at a constant temperature for 30 min, the Lewis acid is added to the system, after reaction is conducted for 50 min, 2 ml of an ethanol solution containing 1Wt% of NaOH is added to the system, and then polymerization is ended. A product is milky white, an obvious rubber block clustering phenomenon is not found, and a wall attachment phenomenon is avoided. A slurry stabilizing solution prepared through the method can directly achieve the slurry stabilizing function on IIR without after-treatment.


With the emergence of grid technologies, the problem of scheduling tasks in heterogeneous systems has been arousing attention. In this paper, we present two optimization schemes, makespan optimization rescheduling (MOR) and resource optimization rescheduling (ROR), which are based on the QoS Min-Min scheduling technique, for reducing the makespan of a schedule and the need of total resource amount. The main idea of the proposed techniques is to reduce overall execution time without increasing resource need; or reduce resource need without increasing overall execution time. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, we have implemented both techniques along with the QoS Min-Min scheduling algorithm. The experimental results show that the MOR and ROR optimization schemes provide noticeable improvements.


When a hydrogen atom in a state with principal quantum number ${n}_{i}$ is irradiated simultaneously with light of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$, nearly that required to produce a transition to a higher state with principal quantum number ${n}_{f}$ and with microwave radiation of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, the transition is very probable when the resonance condition ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}+k\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{f}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{i}$ is satisfied, the emission or absorption of the net number $k$ of microwave photons just compensating for the detuning of the light from the resonance. This process is analyzed with the use of a forward scattering method and the results are used to discuss the experiments of Bayfield et al. on the excitation of hydrogen.


A long-distance intelligent system for train air brake test is introduced.The system is made up of industrial control computer,programmable logic control system and CAN bus system.Tele-data measurement and communication are implemented with CAN bus system.The intelligent CAN node is mainly made up of single chip processor PIC18F448 with A/D channels and CAN module.The fuzzy control arithmetic is adopted to regulate test air pressure in the system.Its running shows it has high reliability,obtains measuring accuracy demand and realizes complete automation.