The present invention relates to a touch user interface for an image device such as a smart TV, a system, an image device, and a touch input device. By structuring various menu items necessary for implementing functions provided by an image device such as remote operation, content, applications, web, channels, and search in two or more menu search modes, it is possible to perform the entire process from selecting menu and search modes to selecting a final menu item with one touch motion. When, among an independent touch area and a dependent touch area, the independent touch area is touched and moved, a corresponding menu search mode continues. While the menu search mode for the independent touch area is on, the dependent touch are is touched and moved, the running menu search mode for the independent touch area instead of a corresponding menu search mode for the dependent touch area or a command continues, enabling efficient use of an input sensor on the narrow touch surface of a remote controller. The menu is updated by receiving data from more than one external server system. By making the main body of the image device navigate the function selection and the control process of the image device, the operation of the remote controller and the effort of the user can be simplified as much as possible.


The invention relates to a method for tableting DETERGENT OR CLEANING COMPOUNDS USING MICROWAVE TECHNIQUE AND TREATMENT WITH HOT AIR. COMPONENTS ARE FIRST BROUGHT powdered or granulated DETERGENT AND CLEANING COMPOUNDS MICROWAVE TREATMENT, yielding tablets, INCREASING ITS STRENGTH AT BREAK WITH A hot air treatment.


Objective: To analyze the relationship between right ventricular outflow tract dredging degree and short-to-mid-term results in children with TOF. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical characteristics of children undergoing radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2020. The relationship between right ventricular outflow tract restenosis, low cardiac output syndrome, moderate or severe PR and right ventricular outflow tract dredging degree after radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot was statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 93 children were included in the study, including 61 males and 32 females, with an average age of 14.8 ± 10.0 years and average weight of 9.2 ± 2.2 kg. There were 3 cases of right ventricular outflow tract restenosis, 28 cases of low cardiac output syndrome and 11 cases of moderate or severe PR after operation. The children were divided into stenosis group and non-stenosis group according to the occurrence of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis. The degree of RVOT recanalization in restenosis group was lower than that in non-stenosis group (67.5% ± 16.3% vs 31.8% ± 16.4%, P < 0.001). According to the occurrence of low cardiac output syndrome, the children were divided into low cardiac output syndrome group and non-low cardiac output syndrome group. There was no significant difference in the degree of RVOT patency between the two groups (67.23% ± 17.02% vs 64.26% ± 18.35%, P = 0.453). The children were divided into moderate or severe PR group and non-moderate to severe PR group according to whether they had moderate or severe RVOT. There was no significant difference in the degree of RVOT dredging between the two groups (66.5% ± 17% vs 65.1% ± 21.1%, P = 0.803). Conclusion: The greater the recanalization degree of the right ventricular outflow tract after TOF operation is, the less likely the patients to develop RVOT restenosis in the short-to-medium term are. The degree of dredging of the right ventricular outflow tract after rou-tine surgery in our center is about 60%. The frequency of moderate-to-severe pulmonary regurgitation and low cardiac output syndrome is low in the short-to-medium term follow-up, but the long-term outcome needs further study.


Objectives: To investigate whether there was a synergistic effect of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on dendritic cells (DCs) activation. Methods: The maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS plus TLR4-myeloid differentiation protein (MD)-2, LPS plus TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-immunoglobulin (Ig) G, or LPS plus TLR4-MD2 combined with TSLPR-Ig G, was detected. CD80 and CD86 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of TSLP and TLR4. Besides, TSLP concentrations of culture supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylation extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK) 1/2, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 were measured by Western blotting. Results: CD80+ and CD86+ cell percentages were significantly decreased by TLR4-MD2, TSLPR-Ig G, and TLR4-MD2 plus TSLPR-Ig G. The mRNA levels of TLR4 could be effectively reduced by TSLPR-Ig G (P < 0.05), but TSLP level was not affected by TLR4-MD2. However, the TSLP concentrations were effectively decreased by TLR4-MD2 compared with LPS group. Moreover, the protein levels of MAPK and pERK1 were significantly reduced by TSLPR-Ig G, and the protein levels of MAPK and STAT3 were significantly reduced by TLR4-MD2. Conclusion: These data indicate that TLR4 combined with TSLP could exert synergistic action on BMDCs maturation. The synergistic effect may be regulated by MAPK signaling pathway.


N,N‐Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is widely used in industry as a solvent. It can be absorbed through human skin. Therefore, it is necessary to determine exposure to DMAC via biological monitoring. However, the precision of traditional gas chromatography (GC) is low due to the thermal decomposition of metabolites in the high‐temperature GC injection port. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new method for the simultaneous separation and quantification of urinary DMAC metabolites using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/ MS).


AbstractRenovation and maintenance of heritage buildings to establish the cultural credibility of a country is an essential national task. To protect and maintain these structures, study of rehabil...


The geographical surroundings, line's height and trees along the 10 kV transmission lines have significant impacts on the position and overvoltage of lightning stroke. The lightning position judgment model and overvoltage calculation model are developed based on the concept of striking distance, and used to simulate and evaluate the impact of the trees on the lightning performance of 10 kV distribution line. The result shows that trees with certain height and in a particular location can reduce the times of direct and counter lightning strokes on 10 kV distribution lines, but may increase the risk of lightning induced overvoltage. The impacts of trees on the lightning performance of 10 kV distribution lines vary with their position and height, and it is therefore very important to have a rational management of trees to improve the performance of lightning protection. The study result can provide a reference for lightning protection and vegetation management of 10 kV distribution lines.


Recombinant proteins were harvested from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by a controlled release process, which increased the purity and concentration of the harvested protein. Recombinant human melano‐transferrin (p97) was expressed linked to the outer surface of CHO cells by a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor. Cells were grown to confluence in T‐flask culture, and the p97 harvested by replacing the growth medium for 30 min with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) containing 10 mU/mL phosphatidylinositol‐phospholipase C (PI‐PLC). The GPI anchor was selectively cleaved by PI‐PLC. In fresh medium, the CHO cells regained over 95% of their p97 expression within 40 h. The process was repeated for eight harvests. Harvested protein concentrations varied from 1.5 to 3.8 μg/mL due to difficulties in maintaining stable confluent T‐flask cultures. Harvesting from cells growing on porous microcarriers was investigated to increase p97 product concentrations and to overcome culture stability problems. Semicontinuous cultures were maintained in spinners for up to 76 days with average bioreactor cell densities of over 107 cell/mL. The p97 was harvested at up to 100 μg/mL and 30% purity with protein production remaining stable for 4 harvest cycles. Production of high levels of p97 from CHO cells was maintained at 0.5% serum. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The paper discusses the Mixed-Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) of problems in civil engineering. The MINLP enables the optimization of continuous parameters simultaneously with discrete alternatives. While continuous parameters are in structural optimization structural costs, masses, loads, stresses, resistances and deflections, as well as the discrete alternatives are in most cases defined as different topologies, standard sizes and materials. The continuous parameters are in the models expressed by continuous variables, whilst the discrete alternatives by discrete (0-1) variables. The MINLP optimization of a structure is usually a comprehensive and highly non-linear calculation process. The MINLP approach requires that a structure is generated as an MINLP superstructure including a number of structure alternatives. One of them is the optimal one. For each optimization problem/structure, an MINLP optimization model of the structure must be developed, where the cost or mass objective function of the structure is subjected to structural analysis and dimensioning equality/inequality constraints. The Modified Outer-Approximation/Equality-Relaxation algorithm and a threephase MINLP strategy are applied. Three numerical examples, i.e. the MINLP optimization of a cantilever beam, composite floor and high-pressure penstock are presented at the end of the paper.


In this paper we have analysed and designed a rectangular microstrip antenna in X band. The desired frequency is chosen to be 9 GHz at which the patch antenna is designed. After calculating the various parameters such as width, effective dielectric constant, effective length and actual length, the antenna impedance is matched to 50 ohm of coaxial feed. The VSWR and return loss are observed followed by the radiation pattern. These results are obtained through MATLAB which are later on verified using Computer software simulation (CST).


UV Cured imitative metal winkled inks,is made of polyurethane/acrylic resin.peony acrylic resin.photo-initiation agent and additives.The product is which are specific decorative inks in serigraphy.They could be applied by a number of packaging and printing field.improving the product's packaging standard,make it more valuable and more beautiful.


A total of 415 leukaphereses in 201 patients stimulated with growth factor (GF; n1⁄4 119) or chemotherapy-GF (n1⁄4 296) were studied to determine CD34þ cell collection efficiency (CE). The pre-apheresis leukocyte count was 1–93 10/l (median 20), and peripheral blood CD34 count (PBCD34) was 1–1104/ll (median 19). The total number of CD34þ cells collected was 4–6531 10 (median 151); corresponding to 0.1–111.4 10 (median 2.3) per kg. There was strong correlation between PBCD34 and the number of CD34þ cells collected (r1⁄4 0.9; Po0.0001). CE was 7–145% (median 46). On multiple regression analysis, a higher leukocyte count (Po0.0001) was the most important predictor of lower CE. CE with leukocytes o20 was 7–145% (median 53%) compared to 10–132% (median 40%) with leukocyteX20 (Po0.0001). In all, 61% of the apheresis procedures performed after chemotherapy-GF occurred when leukocytes were o20 compared to 21% of those performed after GF alone (Po0.0001). We conclude that mobilizing patients with the combination of chemotherapy and GF rather than GF alone leads to leukapheresis being performed when the leukocyte count is low – in a range that results in optimum CD34þ cell CE. Autologous stem cells should be mobilized with chemotherapy-GF rather than GF alone whenever possible. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2005) 35, 243–246. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704781 Published online 6 December 2004


. A series of new N 7 -tetrazolo[5,1- f ]-1,2,4-triazin-8-(7 H )-one derivatives 4 − 16 were designed and synthesized from 3 with different reagents. The newly prepared compounds were characterized by spectral data and screened for their antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi strains.


Abstract East Asian terrestrial snails of the family Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895a are diverse in terms of genus and species numbers, shell morphology and mode of living. This family also includes colourful conical arboreal snails that traditionally have been assigned to the genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850. Yet, the present study shows that, despite their deceiving conchological similarity, some of these East Asian arboreal snails do not belong to the genus Amphidromus or the subfamily Camaeninae Pilsbry, 1895a. The presence of a dart complex comprising a mucous gland, a dart sac, an accessory sac and a proximal accessory sac, along with a pronounced penial caecum and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that former 'Amphidromus' dautzenbergi, 'A.' roemeri and 'Camaena' mirifica, and one additional new species belong to Aegistohadra Wu, 2004 (subfamily Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934). Aegistohadra dautzenbergi, comb. nov. and Aegistohadra roemeri, comb. nov. are conical with colourful spiral bands, whereas Aegistohadra mirifica, comb. nov. and Aegistohadra zhangdanae, sp. nov. are heliciform to conical with colourful, variegated spiral and transverse banding patterns. DNA sequence analyses also revealed that each variety of Aegistohadra dautzenbergi could not be differentiated by mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA) gene fragments. The phylogenetic position of Aegistohadra within the East Asian camaenids revealed that the similar appearance in shell morphology, microhabitat use and diet to arboreal snails in the genus Amphidromus is homoplastic. Moreover, the presence or absence of a dart complex is also homoplastic and is unsuitable for suprageneric classification. By contrast, the presence of a flagellum and a penial caecum is useful for the suprageneric classification.


We obtain the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, in the space-like region, using threepoint function Finite Energy QCD Sum Rules. The QCD calculation is performed to leading order in perturbation theory in the chiral limit, and also to leading order in the non-perturbative power corrections. For the Dirac form factor, F1(q ), we get a very good agreement with the data for both the proton and the neutron, in the currently accessible experimental region of momentum transfers. Unfortunately this is not the case, though, for the Pauli form factor F2(q ), which has a soft q-dependence proportional to the quark condensate < 0|q̄q|0 >.


The EM method is a valuable tool in Civil Engineering for estimation of the real stress in the prestressing tendons, quality control during construction period, appreciation of the stress losses due to friction and relaxation, long-time monitoring of stress changes due to concrete creep, temperature changes, traffic load etc. Overview of EM technique with practical applications in the Civil Engineering is presented. The EM sensor can be an integral part of the cable sheath, cable duct or directly the anchor. Several examples of different "smart tendon "arrangements, from the single wire to large cables with capacity over 13 MN are presented. Selected examples of in-situ measurements illustrate usefulness of "smart tendons" and widely the "smart constructions" approach. The EM sensor is cost effective and the additional cost is negligible with the gain in the performance and safety.


Abstract:This article compares eighteenth-century translations of Juvenalian satire about women athletes and the rhetoric surrounding modern female Olympic athletes. Cultural perceptions of women athletes changed dramatically over the eighteenth century as such athletes came to be defined primarily by their femininity, a category that was being made stricter and narrower as gender difference emerged as a coherent ideology in eighteenth-century England. This article posits that eighteenth-century gender ideology is the root of modern transphobia and ends with a call for eighteenth-century studies scholars to examine their own work and sources for unacknowledged biases.


A method and device for information identification. In the method, a base station acquires a notification message regarding the start of a traffic information service, where the notification message carries a traffic information identity and a timestamp, the traffic information identity indicates a service identity of traffic information, and the timestamp indicates the time at which the base station is to transmit MSI; and, the base station transmits the MSI on the basis of the notification message, where the MSI is used for indicating position information and expansion information of a subframe at which an MTCH corresponding to the traffic information is located. Per the technical solution provided in the present invention, the power consumption for an OBU to acquire traffic and scheduling information is further reduced, thus implementing timely reception by the OBU of traffic information required thereby.


The present invention discloses a gallic acid groups photocuring reactive monomer is a structure of Formula I, wherein, R is H or CH3,0 <n≤3, having four carbon-carbon double bond functional group, the unsaturated polyester can be used as polyfunctional crosslinking agent with ultraviolet curing, a radical photopolymerization and improved cationic photopolymerization technology there are respective shortcomings inherent to broaden the application field of gallic acid. The invention also discloses a gallic preparation of a reactive monomer of the acid group photocuring, the preparation is simple, easy to implement and control, renewable gallic acid as a starting material, is reduced from synthetic source or avoided petrochemicals use, conserve resources and protect the environment with a double effect.


The quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the most miraculous feature and resource of quantum information,do not only involve basic problems of quantum theory such as reality,locality,latent variable and measurement theory,but pose a fundamental question for philosophy.With a philosophical reflection on quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the paper discusses the philosophical significance of quantum entanglement and nonlocality.It bears an important significance for recognizing and understanding the information theory and technology.


Herbicides are known to add toxicity to the soil as their side effect. Farmers use either Paraquat based (PBF) or Glyphosate based (GBF) herbicide formulations for instant management of weeds. Here, we investigated the effect of PBF Gramoxone® and GBF Roundup® on the structure and function of the testis of the male Wistar rats at the pubertal or post pubertal stage. Male rats were gavaged with Gramoxone® (5 mg/kg body wt.) or Roundup® (250 mg/kg body wt.). The treatment period of 25 days starts on a postnatal day (PND) 28 to 53 (from prepubertal to the pubertal stage) or 60 days from PND 28 to 88 (from prepubertal to the post pubertal stage). Age-matched control animals received distilled water. The structure of the testes was evaluated by observing changes in its histology and the function of the testes was assessed by estimating serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels. No significant effect was observed in the structure and function of the testes of the pubertal stage rats on exposure to both herbicide formulations. However, shrunken and distorted seminiferous tubules with oligozoospermia in testes, a nonsignificant decrease in FSH and LH, and a significant reduction in testosterone levels were noted in the post pubertal stage rats. The results indicated that changes in the testes of post pubertal groups are due to a longer duration of exposure to the Gramoxone® or Roundup® than in pubertal groups, and also the effect of these two formulations was more on the testis structure and function than on the pituitary-testis axis.


A new numerical code for computing stationary axisymmetric rapidly rotating stars in general relativity is presented. The formulation is based on a fully constrained-evolution scheme for 3 + 1 numerical relativity using the Dirac gauge and maximal slicing. We use both the polytropic and MIT bag model equations of state to demonstrate that the code can construct rapidly rotating neutron star and strange star models. We compare numerical models obtained by our code and a well-established code, which uses a different gauge condition, and show that the two codes agree to a high degree of accuracy.


Wood was brown-rotted by Wolfiporia cocos according to the traditional cultivation method.Main chemical components of normal wood and brown-rotted wood with different level of decay were analyzed,and the samples were also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR).The results showed that the holocellulose content,pentosan content and crystallinity decreased gradually up to 15-week exposure time.On the contrary,the lignin content and 1% NaOH extractive content increased at the same time.When wood was decayed for 15 weeks,the holocellulose content,pentosan content,and crystallinity of wood went down from 72.80%,14.95% and 40.3% for normal wood to 18.57%,8.58% and 16.1%,respectively.And the lignin content and 1% NaOH extractive content went up from 27.30% and 12.89% for normal wood to 43.88% and 70.07%,respectively.The wood compositions almost kept unchanged during further decay.The change tendency of chemical components during wood decay process was also approved by IR.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the result of gender stereotyping in English coursebook for senior levels in different publishers and authors. The object of this research is two coursebooks entitled Pathway to English for Senior High School Grade X General Programme published by Erlangga and Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA/SMK/MAK X Grade published by Kemendikbud.
This research focused on three aspects of analysis such as : the role of women and men, the behaviour between women and men, and the characteristics between women and men. The data collection use the qualitative method which is of content analysis. The result of this research found gender stereotyping in three aspects are:
The result from this research found the comparison from the aspect of women and men roles in the coursebook published by Erlangga and published by Kemendikbud are equal, men roles are more dominate than women roles. Whereas on the aspect of behaviour between women and man in two coursebooks are equal, women behaviors are more dominate than men behaviors. While the aspect characteristics between women and men in the coursebook published by Erlangga and Kemendikbud are unequal, in the coursebook published by Erlangga that men characteristics are more dominate than women characteristics but, different with the coursebook published by Kemendikbud that women characters are more dominate than men.


A brief review of vehicle-to-everything communication channels is carried out. Traditional methods of latency reducing and ensuring energy efficiency are able to improve these parameters separately, but not simultaneously. The method of group signals transformation is briefly described, and it is shown, that the probabilistic characteristics of the sensor signals of the connected car meet the requirements necessary to apply the described method. Simulation performed shows the effectiveness of this method for improving the analog-to-digital conversation parameters. It is shown, that the quantization error level may be reduced twice and the analog-to-digital converter signal-to-noise level increased by 8 dB. It is also shown that the effective number of bits may be reduced by 1 bit, which decreases the codeword length (and, so, latency) and improves the energy efficiency by 34% for the 8-bit analog-to-digital converter example. Further research may be aimed at using the group signals transformation for improving vehicle-2-everything systems noise immunity.


Gluten mainly contains glutenin and gliadin,which are the major factors influencing wheat processing quality.The content and state of glutenin and gliadin,including redox state and crosslinking state,subunit content and composition,and distribution in wheat grain,are closely related to the wheat quality.In this paper,we summarized the studies about the relationship between the above factors of gluten and the wheat quality,and also prospected the future research trend.


Genetic engineering of metabolic pathways is a standard strategy to increase the production of metabolites of economic interest. However, such flux increases could very likely lead to undesirable changes in metabolite concentrations, producing deleterious perturbations on other cellular processes. These negative effects could be avoided by implementing a balanced increase of enzyme concentrations according to the Universal Method [Kacser and Acerenza (1993) Eur J Biochem 216:361–367]. Exact application of the method usually requires modification of many reactions, which is difficult to achieve in practice. Here, improvement of threonine production via pyruvate kinase deletion in Escherichia coli is used as a case study to demonstrate a partial application of the Universal Method, which includes performing sensitivity analysis. Our analysis predicts that manipulating a few reactions is sufficient to obtain an important increase in threonine production without major perturbations of metabolite concentrations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 609–620. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


As we move from 5G to 6G networks satellites will play an increasingly key part in providing coverage and resilience. Here we outline the timescales and some of the issues facing satellites in the 6G world.


Photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of p-type GaN has been realized in room temperature, 0.1 M KOH solutions. PEC etching of GaN was achieved by applying a positive bias to the surface of the p-GaN layer through a deposited titanium mask. The applied bias reduces the field at the semiconductor surface, which induced the dissolution of the GaN. The effect of bias on etch rate and morphology was examined. It was found that insulating the Ti mask from the KOH solution with Si3N4 significantly increases the etch rate. The rms roughness of the etched region decreased as the bias voltage increased. Etch rates as high as 4.4 nm/min were recorded for films etched at 2 V.


The paper deals with using modified type of local search algorithm for optimizing some testing functions and one type of graph methods - travelling salesman problem. The effect of modifying of chosen algorithm is shown on travelling salesman problem and on some testing functions. We will try to modify this algorithm by using principles of parallel computing.


This thesis entitled "The Role of the Revolving Loan PNPM Mandiri In Business Development In the village of Padu Banjar, with the aim to find out How big is the role of revolving loans PNPM Mandiri in business development in the village of Padu Banjar and factors that affect the public in borrowing. The method used in this research is descriptive by using primary data. Method of data collection using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Furthermore, the data in tabulated and analyzed. The results of the discussion concluded that of the five variable in this study, the most instrumental vriable is the income of all respondents (61 people) said the additional revenue after getting a loan from PNPM Mandiri. While other supporting factors that affect the public in borrowing is considerable service, interest / services is relatively low (competitive) and easy procedure. Keywords : PNPM Mandiri, Revolving Loan


On its fiftieth birthday the African Union (AU) can reflect that as an institution it has evolved considerably from a closed organisation, that offered protection for increasingly despotic governments, to a value-based organisation that notionally prioritises human rights above state sovereignty. That at least is the dominant narrative of the AU's history, although many of the commitments about the protection of values in the 2000 AU Constitutive Act have yet to be seen in practice. One area where there has been a shift from the Organisation of African Unity's (OAU) practice of defending state sovereignty at all costs, to a more value-driven approach has been the recognition of secessionist states.


Using the middle stage wastewater of kraft bamboo pulping process as the research object, the synthetic method of coagulation-oxidation-absorption was used to treat the wastewater, and the treatment effects were studied. The results showed that after the wastewater was treated under the optimized condition, COD decreased to 64.24 mg·L-1, SS decreased to 19 mg·L-1; chroma decreased to 5; and pH was 6.50; all pollution indexes of water could meet the requirements of the state standard GB 3544-2008 of China.


Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major complication in pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Analysis of risk factors and prevention of preeclampsia are needed to reduce the adverse effects of preeclampsia. Important supplements during pregnancy to prevent the increase in blood pressure of pregnant women are Vitamin D and calcium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on reducing the risk of preeclampsia. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis of a number of randomized controlled trials. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, and Sciencedirect. The articles used in this study were those published from 2002-2020. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. P: Pregnant women, I: vitamin D and calcium, C: placebo, and O: preeclampsia. The keywords to find articles are as follows: "Vitamin D" OR "Calcium" OR "Vitamin D and Calcium" AND "preeclampsia" AND "Randomized Controll Trials". The articles included in this study are full text articles with Cross-sectional study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 9 articles were reviewed in this study. The meta-analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women (RR= 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.63, p<0.001). The meta-analysis of 8 articles also showed that calcium supplementation reduced the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with calcium (RR= 0.42; 95% CI= 0.31 - 0.57; p<0.001). This meta-analysis combines primary research from Iran, India, Bangladesh, South Africa, Cameroon, and Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces the risk of preeclampsia. Keyword s : vitamin D, Calcium, preeclampsia, randomized controlled trial Correspondence:  Fanny Kartika Fajriyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 308-320 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.06.


The outdoor culturing of green algae is monitored with a dual-channel spectroradiometer. The measured reflectance provides information regarding growth rate and light usage, demonstrating potential to meet the monitoring needs for algal biofuel production.


conspiracy adds anything of substance or raises any significantly different issues from those on which the rest of the pleading depends" {ibid., p. 198). "The clear cut issue of law" was whether the Court of Appeal had in the Metall case correctly interpreted the decision of the House of Lords in Lonrho (yes—them again!) v. Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd. [1982] A.C. 173. A brief review of the authorities led Lord Bridge, with whom the other members of the House agreed, to hold that, as had always been thought until Metall, where the means involved are unlawful it is not an essential ingredient of liability that the plaintiff should plead and prove that the defendant's predominant motive was to injure him. Quite right too: firstly, if not obviously, the need for greater clarity of thought about these torts remains; as Lord Templeman pointed out, more judicial work remains to be done. Secondly, there can be no objection to make conspirators liable for intentionally injuring people by unlawful means. If the defendants in Rookes v. Barnard [1964] A.C. 1129 were liable for threatening to break or to induce the breach of contracts of employment then surely, to quote Weir, "It would be a strange thing to say, that in one's efforts to disgratify one's enemy one must respect the rules of contract and tort but may blithely flout the criminal law" (A Casebook on Tort, 6th ed., p. 531). He is correct that the first Lonrho case established no such thing and is vindicated by the second. Where would we be without Lonrho? (See the All England Law Report for 20 December 1991 for not only Lonrho p.I.e. v. Fayed (No. 2) but also Lonrho p.I.c v. Tebbit [1991] 4 All E.R. 961 and 973.) Incidentally, Lord Bridge confirmed yet again the survival of the "motive conspiracy", where the means would not be actionable if done by an individual acting alone: surely Quinn v. Leathern [1901] 495 could go quietly and finally into oblivion?


Summary form only given. The large-scale deployment of full services access networks (FSANs) can only come to reality if its cost can be low enough. The aim of the FSAN initiative is to establish a set of standard specifications in order to foster volume production of optical equipment and thereby lower its costs. The chosen PON architecture yields a favorable economy for the infrastructure shared costs, with the needed broadband capability.


The invention discloses an application unloading prompting method and system. The application unloading prompting method includes steps of acquiring information of installed applications in a memory card and an internal storage of a mobile terminal when the mobile terminal detects insert of the memory card; sequentially matching application information in the application list information with the installed application information, and displaying unloading mark prompts on application icons corresponding to the application information if matching is failed. By the application unloading prompting method and system, the users can be directly and visually reminded of unloading the applications when the users replace with a new memory card, so that the users are greatly facilitated.


This paper describes the energy-saving planning and design of HVAC for green hospital.The energy-saving of the hospitals focus on the design of equipment selection,matching automatic energysaving control system is the security of energy-saving running and management of the equipments.It should also establish a set of energy monitoring and management system to ensure the sustainability of energy conservation technology,promote energy conservation,tracking return on investment efficiency, particularly for large special medical equipment can be used to play a significant role in management.


The purpose of the study is to analyze systematically the characteristics of the American Housing according to the trend of American Housing Market recently. The study analyzes the transition of the Housing design since 1950's and the trend of American Housing Market through the characteristics of the social change hereafter. Above all, the study finds out the space design characteristics of the American houses due to the trend of American housing design.


As climate change and population explosion impacts access to adequate water supply in developing countries, attention has been shifted to the examination of economic and socio-demographic differentials, mostly in urban settings, in relation to water demand and supply chain. Thus, this study examined (i) the extent of rural households' vulnerability to domestic water scarcity; and (ii) the impact geologic differentials on water scarcity in the rural setting of Yobe State, Nigeria. It adopted the geologic divisions of the area as study zones and applied a two-stage sampling approach. Firstly, nine village units were purposively selected; and secondly, respondents were drawn using systematic-random sampling approach. Descriptive statistics show that overwhelming majority of the households (63.4%) relied on unimproved water sources; trek an average distance of 1.5km per round trip of water collection; an average household barely access 50% of its daily water demand. The descriptive and inferential statistics revealed further that an average person in the study area access only 52.6% of his/her daily water demand. It also found that the disparities in the per capita water accessibility varied by 12 litres between KKF and CDF, 5 litres between FKS and both KKF and CDF respectively. The study concluded that the pattern of water scarcity is tied to the spatial geologic differentials. Therefore, the study recommends the integration of geologic factor into rural water policy formulation; and an increase in budgetary allocations to water supply sector to achieve target 6.1 of the SDGs.


In 1780, just after the Gordon Riots had subsided, Thomas Holcroft (under the pseudonym of "William Vincent, of Gray's Inn") published a pamphlet about the riots, with the less than succinct title "A Plain and Succinct Narrative of the Late Riots and Disturbances in the Cities of London and Westminster, and Borough of Southwark. Containing Particulars of the burning of Newgate, the King's Bench, the Fleet, and New Bridewell Prisons. Also, the Houses of Lord Mansfield, Sir John Fielding, Messrs. Langdale, Rainsforth, Cox, Hyde, c the London, the Westminster, the Southwark, and the Scotch" (15). Dickens's words are nearly identical to Holcroft's: "The mob had been divided from its first assemblage" into four [begin strikethrough]grand[end strikethrough] divisions: the London, the Westminster, the Southwark, and the Scotch (217). Significantly, Holcroft's adjective describing the divisions, "grand," is in Dickens's manuscript also; Dickens deletes the word from his manuscript, evidently wishing to conceal his borrowings from Holcroft. The second paragraph of chapter 49 tells of the division of the entire mob into three parties, who will cross the river by three different bridges, Gordon to cross by the Westminster bridge (217-18). Here, too, Dickens follows Holcrofts account (15-16) closely, though he does not use his words. Holcroft tells that "the whole body was assembled, about half-past two, before both Houses of Parliament, on which occasion they gave a general shout" (16). Dickens, paraphrasing his source, writes that It was between two and three o'clock in the afternoon when the three great parties met at Westminster [begin strikethrough]before the Houses of Parliament[end strikethrough], and uniting into one huge mass, raised a tremendous shout. Here, too, we see Dickens deleting a phrase taken from Holcroft and substituting a more distant variation (219). Holcroft tells of the difficulties members of parliament had in getting through the mob: "Lord Mansfield had the glasses of his carriage broken, the pannels beat in, and narrowly escaped with his life.... The wheels of the Bishop of Lincoln's carriage were taken off" (17). Dickens, paraphrasing closely though narrating more vividly, writes that "Their carriages were stopped and broken; the wheels wrenched off; the glasses shivered to atoms; the panels beaten in" (220). …


Empathy is a very familiar term in social work and welfare education. It generally is promulgated in the literature to mean accurately perceiving of, or feeling, the experiences and emotions of another. Yet a broader literature review reveals that some of the helping literature may present an unreachable or, conversely, quite a narrow vision of empathy. Further, the literature may offer a confused range of definitions and much of the literature may fail to offer clear guidance about how we might learn empathy, particularly in a cross-cultural context. In this article, relevant helping literature is reviewed regarding the definitions and limitations of empathy, previous research is reviewed, and some assumptions about empathy are explored. How helpers (and educators) might learn and enhance their empathy skills is contemplated.


The waste dump of Tibet Jiama Copper Mine, which has a steep and soft base, is taken as the engineering background to reveal the failure mode and mechanism with assistance of similarity simulation principle.Using a method combining bottom friction test and numerical simulation.The deformation evolution of the waste dump is obtained by the contactless displacement monitoring system.The experimental results show that: ①The deformation and instability of the soft steep base dump can be divided into three stages: unloading deformation at the slope toe, vertical tensile crack penetration and tensile crack propagation.②The soft soil layer at the base is compressed and the soft soil layer at the slope toe is subjected to shearing.The slope toe is the trigger zone for slipping deformation and instability.③The potential slip surface passes through the soft soil layer to form an approximate circular arc slip surface.The instability failure of the soft-steep base dump mainly presents the modes of settlement, cracking and slippage.


Summary A stroke dependent damper is designed for the front axle suspension of a truck. The damper supplies extra damping for inward deflections rising above 4 cm. In this way the damper should reduce extreme suspension deflections without deteriorating the comfort of the truck. But the question is which stroke dependent damping curve yields the best compromise between suspension deflection working space and comfort. Therefore an optimization problem is defined to minimize the maximum inward suspension deflection subject to constraints on the chassis acceleration for three typical road undulations. The optimization problem is solved using sequential linear programming (SLP) and multibody dynamics simulation software. Several optimization runs have been carried out for a small two degree of freedom vehicle model and a large full-scale model of the truck semi-trailer combination. The results show that the stroke dependent damping can reduce large deflections at incidental road disturbances, but that the optimum stroke dependent damping curve is related to the acceleration bound. By means of vehicle model simulation and numerical optimization we have been able to quantify this trade-off between suspension deflection working space and truck comfort.


Introduction The problems associated with inappropriate prescription of antibiotics not only effect the individual but also to the society as a whole. Therefore, it is important to document the antibiotics prescribed in every hospital. Objective To evaluate the prescribing pattern of Antibiotics in medicine outpatient department of Government Medical College and Dr Susheela Tiwari Hospital , Haldwani,Uttrakhand. Material and method Data was recorded from the outpatient department prescription forms of the patients. Statistical analysis was done. Result The most commonly used antibiotic was azithromycin in 71(34.5%) patients. 198 (96.11%) patients were prescribed antibiotics with generic name. Culture and sensitivity was done in 145(70.38%). Most common antibiotic prescribed in respiratory tract infection was azithromycin . In unspecified fever, most common antibiotic prescribed was cefixime . Ofloxacin and ornidazole fixed dose combination was most commonly prescribed in gastroenteritis and in urinary tract infection the most common antibiotic prescribed was nitrofurantoin


A rotation-invariant denoising algorithm is proposed for restoring noisy images with cyclicr and dihedral symmetries.Based on the rotation-invariant(or plus reflection invariant) characteristic of cyclic(or dihedral) images,the proposed algorithm is performed successfully by rotating(or plus reflecting) and summing the noisy images.Experimental results show that,compared with other classic denoising methods,the proposed algorithm can restore the symmetric images efficiently.


Herbicides and their transformation products (TPs) have been reported in ground and surface water and can pose a potential risk to non-target organisms and environment. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the leaching potential of pendimethalin (both aged residue and freshly applied) atrazine and their TPs in silty loam soil. Different doses (recommended application rate i.e; X and 10X) of pendimethalin and atrazine (used as reference) were applied to the disturbed soil columns under controlled laboratory conditions. A simulated rainfall of 90 mm per week was applied to each soil core, considering the worst case scenario. The leachate from the each soil core was collected on weekly basis while the leachate from the aged residue was collected after the application of 2L of artificial rainfall. Solid phase extraction was used to extract the pendimethalin, atrazine and their TPs from the leachates followed by the analysis via reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Atrazine was found more mobile and detected in the leachate of all the samples collected weekly, while no pendimethalin was detected in the leachates collected from soil cores with X application rate. However, pendimethalin was detected in the leachates of week 11 and 12 collected from the soil cores treated with 10X application rate. 3 unknown compounds that might be the TPs of pendimethalin were detected but too low to quantify. It can be concluded that pendimethalin has poor leaching tendency in silty loam soil as compared to atrazine. At a very high application rate, however, pendimethalin can impose a risk to ground water.


Using the complete Griffing design Ⅱ and the ADAA Genetic Model,the major agronomic traits of japonica rice in Liaoning Province were analyzed.The results indicated that the plant height,panicle curved extent,panicle length,number of ripened grains in secondary branches,secondary branches and number of ripened grains were mainly controlled by dominant effect.The expression of grain density was controlled by multiple heredity system.Neither the dominant effect nor the additive effect of the 1000-grain weight was significant.The broad heritability and the narrow heritability of the plant height,panicle curved extent,panicle length and number of primary rachis branches were all extremely significant.


Content-based publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is an appealing information dissemination paradigm for distributed systems. Consumers of data subscribe to a pub/sub service, typically offered through a distributed broker overlay, and indicate their interests as constraints over the information content. Publishers generate the information flow, which the brokers filter and route to the interested subscribers. Protecting the information confidentiality, and in particular the interests of subscribers, is an important concern when brokers are located in untrusted domains such as public clouds. Encrypted matching techniques allow untrusted brokers to store encrypted subscriptions and match them against encrypted publications. Updates of encryption keys regularly happen in such contexts due to changes in trust relations. These key updates cause the invalidation of stored encrypted subscriptions and force subscribers to re-encrypt and re-submit them. This long and costly operation impacts the pub/sub service continuity and performance. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that allows updating encrypted subscriptions directly at the brokers while maintaining privacy. We present an implementation of the technique for the ASPE encrypted matching scheme and prove the security of our extension. We evaluate its practical effectiveness through a prototype implementation including a dependable key distribution protocol. Our experiments show the ability to handle key updates while preserving service continuity and performance.


Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer among women in India and its prevalence is much higher than that of the developed countries, with also the highest mortality. The incidence of the disease can be reduced by the practice of routine screening for precancerous lesion and also by administration of human papilloma virus vaccine to adolescent girls. Objective: To determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the urban women. Methods: A cross sectional survey of women attending Gynaecology Out-Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore was conducted. Information regarding their knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of screening modality, and their socio demographic characters were collected in a perform. Results: Mean age of the study population was 40.45 ± 12 years. 142(47.3%) women knew about cervical cancer. 96(32%) women knew about prevention of cervical cancer and a majority-16 (5.3%) of them knew about the vaccination for prevention for cervical cancer. Of the total 300 women, only 86 (28.6%) had previously performed cervical cancer screening. The commonest reason for not undergoing Pap smear testing was neglect, lack of financial resources and the fear of discovering a serious disease. Conclusion: In our study we found that women had a very poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer and were unaware of the concept of prevention. Extensive health education regarding, screening modality for cancer cervix and incorporation of pap smear in a national program can help to reduce the disease burden.


Y. J. Zhang (e-mail:email@example.com), L. B. Wu (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com), School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China This paper considers an adaptive neural event-triggered control problem of the molten steel level for twin roll strip casting systems with the inclined angle. Firstly, the model is improved and simplified into an affine nonlinear system by exploiting input compensation technique. Then, an adaptive observer is established based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). Furthermore, an adaptive event-triggered control scheme and corresponding adaptive updated laws are designed. It is proved that the proposed control method can guarantee the system output can follow reference signal and all closed-loop signals are bounded. Finally, the validity of the control scheme is verified through semi-experimental system dynamic model.


Due to the serious environment problems associated with the large concentrations of manure produced by poultry raised in confinement, the idea of being able to use chicken manure to produce methane and use it as a source of fuel is attractive. This paper discusses the design of an anaerobic chicken manure digestor and the experimental method used to produce methane from chicken manure. The result indicates that 130 liters of gas, 69% of which was methane, was produced per kg of wet manure. The authors conclude that due to strict pollution controls on poultry farms, it is economically feasible for a poultry farm to invest in an anaerobic digestor to produce methane to provide energy for the farm and to control pollution.


As a progenitor of NHE (Non High Energy) GRBs, we propose a (C+O) star and a neutron star (black hole) close binary system. Since the (C+O) star is tidally locked, a new born pulsar should be a milli second pulsar (MSP). Dynamo will generate a superstrong magnetic field(SSM). The beam of the energy from the super strongly magnetized milli second pulsar can punch a hole in the supernova ejecta . Then the beam of gamma rays flows out of the ejecta. If we observe this beam from the lateral direction, it will be NHE-GRB. In this model the pulsar with the spin period about 1sec should exist in SN1998bw so that the searches for this pulsar in all the wave length are urgent. SSM-MSPs can accelerate protons up to Ultra High Energy. If a few percent of the beam energy of SSM-MSP in NHE-GRB event is in the form of UHECRs, the flux of the observed UHECRs can be explained. Then along the direction of each UHECR, a supernova remnant should be found. It is suggested that NHE-GRB is the progenitor of the soft gamma ray repeater which has also the superstrong magnetic field and is in the supernova remnant.


The fat-tree topology has become a popular choice for InfiniBand enterprise systems due to its deadlock freedom, fault-tolerance and full bisection bandwidth. In the HPC domain, InfiniBand fabric is used in almost 42% of the systems on the latest Top 500 list, and many of those systems are based on the fat-tree topology. Despite the popularity of the fat-tree topology, little research has been done to compare the behavior of InfiniBand routing algorithms on degraded fat-tree topologies. In this paper, we identify the weaknesses of the current fat-tree routing and propose enhancements that liberalize the restrictions imposed on the routed fabric. Furthermore, we present a thorough analysis of non-proprietary routing algorithms that are implemented in the InfiniBand Open Subnet Manager. Our results show that even though the performance of a fat-tree routed network deteriorates predictably with the number of failed links, fat-tree routing algorithm is still the best choice for severely degraded fat-tree fabrics.


Summary Using data on the black market for currencies in Belarus, we provide evidence on how access to advanced information technologies undermines centralized price-setting. www.prokopovi.ch, a website launched in April 2011, allowed Belarusian citizens to circumvent fixed exchange rates. The government repeatedly devalued the Belarusian ruble and eventually abandoned its fixed exchange rate regime. We show that trading activity via www.prokopovi.ch is highly correlated with government action. Trading volume and black market spreads have strong predictive power for the devaluations. In line with standard economic theory, activity in the black market has dried up after exchange rates were allowed to freely float. Our paper therefore points at the technology-driven nature of increased economic freedom.


A study was carried out to study the sexual and ecological age growth variations in the morphology of otoliths (sagitta) among various native species of the genus Labeo from Meerut region viz. Labeoangra, Labeocalbasu, LabeogoniusandLabeorohita. The data obtained was photographed and statistically analysed. From the studies of saggitta of the four species of Labeo collected, it is clearly evident that otoliths (sagitta) are species specific in shape, size and structure. Based on the results of morphometric variations the Otoliths of the four species of Labeo, showed no significant differences between right & left sagitta (P<0.05). The lack of significant differences between right & left sagittae is consistent with the observation that the pair of Otoliths are specular images of each other. Noticeable differences were observed among the four species in otolith morphometric variables.


A timing source 6 is provided for sending timing information via a packet network. The source 6 comprises a first clock 11 for generating the timing information and a packet forming section 12 for forming a sequence of packets. An output section in the form of a packet launch control section 13 transmits the packets via the network as packet bursts, each of which comprises a plurality of packets with the intervals between consecutive packets of each burst being less than the intervals between consecutive packets. A time-stamping section 14 inserts into each packet a transmission time derived from the timing information generated by the clock 11. May be used for the transmission of synchronous data such as TDM across a asynchronous packet network.


Objective:To analyze the clinical curative effect of fracture of proximal humerus treated by clover-shaped plate internal fixation.Methods:50 cases of communited fracture of surgical neck of the humerus were treated by open reduction and carried out the clover-shaped plate internal fixation.In early time of postoperation,the function exercises were put into practice.The conditions of the fracture healing and the shoulder function were checked in 4,8,12 weeks,6 months and 12 months respectively.Results:All 50 patients were followed up for 6~36 months(average 16 months).The fractures in 50 cases got satisfactory healing.The healing time took 3-8 months(average 4.6 months).According to Neer criteria,there were excellent in 25 cases,good in 15 cases,fair in 10 cases.The whole excellent and good rate was 80.0%.Conclusion:The curative effect of using the clover-shaped plate internal fixation for the treatment of fracture of proximal humerus is well,and moreover,the method is an ideal method of treatment.


ABSTRACT This sermon was preached on July 14, 2002 at Black Mountain Presbyterian Church in Black Mountain, NC, during a Sunday morning worship service after the Session (the governing body of the church) had approved a major policy paper on Domestic Violence. Included in the paper is a theological stand against domestic violence, an intervention plan when cases of domestic violence are identified within the community of the church, a training plan for church staff and key laity, and an educational strategy designed to include children from age 5 to adulthood. At present, we are educating parents and adults before we plan to teach our children this coming fall. This sermon is based on the Hebrew Scripture found in Judges 19, a highly unusual text, not just because it deals with the graphic violence of rape and murder, but because it seems to convey a message devoid of any hope or grace. Although the book of Judges is included extensively in the 3-year cycle of lectionary readings of scripture for Protesta...


In this paper, we address the load balancing problem in the context of peer-to-peer computing environments. The key challenge to employ peer-to-peer networks for distributed computing is to exploit the heterogeneous processing capability of the participating hosts as well as the diverse network conditions. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we model the load balance problem as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the system response time. This modeling considers not only the current loading of hosts, but also the fluctuation of network delay, which completely captures the characteristics of the P2P systems. Second, we propose a gradient projection algorithm to solve the optimization problem, which is fully distributed and easy for implementation. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme has satisfied performance in terms of convergence, response time and load distribution.


There are three distinct effects involved in the interaction of a laminar boundary layer and a supersonic corner expansion wave. These are: the upstream influence effect causing some pressure decay ahead of the corner, transverse pressure gradients in the immediate neighborhood of the corner, and the interaction of the boundary layer downstream with the external flow. Arguments are presented to suggest that, when the flow is locally hypersonic and the wall is highly cooled, the dominant effect is the downstream interaction process. Hence the major features can be calculated by using a simple interaction analysis down stream of the corner based on the Prandtl boundary-layer equations and the equations of an inviscid noncentered simple wave. Numerical results are obtained by using the "cold wall" similarity solution to the boundary-layer equations. These show that pressure decay extends over a region which can be many times larger than the original plate length used to generate the boundary layer.


This article presents a synopsis of a workshop on systemic liquidity and macroprudential supervision held at the Oesterreichische Nationalbank on October 28, 2015. We introduce the concept of systemic liquidity and argue that it can be a driving force of systemic risk. Systemic liquidity is shown to be endogenous and cyclical, and to reflect the interaction between banks, other financial intermediaries and financial markets. We then summarize the main conclusions from the individual contributions to the workshop. Finally, we present key questions to be addressed when developing a macroprudential policy to contain systemic liquidity risk.


Despite the importance of managing the natural resource base from both an environmental and economic perspective, numerical models, which simulate the spatial and temporal movement of saline groundwater, have not been used extensively in economic analyses. This paper summarises the results of a recently completed Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) PhD research project on the economic-physical system modelling of dryland salinity, in Western Australia. A transient hydrogeological-economic model has been developed and applied to the North Stirling Land Conservation District, a severely salt-affected area located in south-west Western Australia, to assess the current and future impacts of varying a catchment's land use pattern on groundwater levels and agricultural production. Several alternative salinity management options which may be applied to the District have been simulated, including an agronomic practice and an agroforestry strategy. Results of the simulations show that the choice of alternative land uses, that should be adopted in order to reduced losses in gross margins in an area affected by dryland salinity, will depend primarily upon the effects of the various crop, pasture and tree species planted, on the dynamic and spatial variations of groundwater levels, and on the relative economic returns of those species. Results of the economic analysis indicates that actual gross margins declined considerably over the six-year model calibration period (ending December 1991). The present value opportunity cost of salinity at the end of this period is estimated to be Dollar 199/hectare (1995 prices).


To solve the problem of repeatedly setting the processing parameter in the numerical control milling programming,the UG/CAM processing template was established to optimize the working flow of numerical control programming.The method of processing thin shell container by using the milling template was developed and verified by an example of processing a part.The result showed that the method can provide much instruction to enhance the numerical control programming efficiency.


The paper discusses the instability of the back swing motion of the backhoe bucket rod, the pausing cause while it moves to upright and corresponding resolvent, thus the halting time could be shortened as much as possible.


M'Intosh, M.D., Assistant Physician and Superintendent, Murray's Royal Asylum, Perth. The occurrence of rnollities ossium, malacosteon, or osteomalacia in asylums seems to be rare, although several cases are mentioned in connexion with more or less evident mental disease. Mr Solly1 gives the case of C. S., set. 29, a young woman whose health declined after an attack of scarlet fever at the age of 19. "Two years afterwards, from a slight cause, the clavicle was fractured, and


Highly trusted issues will be one of the main obstacles to a new era of highly trusted cloud computing. In the cloud computing environment, because sensitive applications and user data are put into the cloud, they run in virtual machines in the data center. Among them, due to the existence of access vulnerability, virtualization vulnerability, web application vulnerability, etc., high trust issues arise from data control, identity authentication, lack of information and other related issues. The introduction of trust mechanisms can be very facilitate the solution of related issues, achieve highly trusted quantification, analysis, and modeling of cloud data centers, meet high trust requirements, and provide users with a highly trusted cloud computing environment. This article mainly studies the trust measure of data services in cloud environment. In this paper, the optimization scheme is verified through experiments, and the traditional big data processing scheme, the original Sahara and the optimization scheme are compared in six cases. Overall, the optimization scheme has a significant performance improvement. Compared with the default configuration of Sahara, the configuration of the new interface has increased the throughput in DFSIO by 120%. Using the design of the unified cache management service, Tachyon can reach 13 in specific situations. In the execution time of Sort workloads, the optimization scheme generally decreased by about 50% compared to the original Sahara, and the memory utilization increased from 80% to 96% in our experiments, but in the cache isolation and other areas need to be improved. The results are basically in line with expectations, which also confirms the rational thinking and value of this article on BDAaS performance research.


We have analysed separately the role of B‐cell receptor (BCR) stimulation and the soluble second signal in the T‐cell‐independent type 2 (TI‐2) B‐cell response. We were able to show that human B cells and macrophages (Mφ) could function together in TI‐type microbial response. Interestingly, BCR cross‐linking of peripheral blood (PB) B cells enhanced IgG production induced by Mφ‐derived growth factors whereas interleukin (IL)‐12 + IL‐18 had milder effect on IgG production. We demonstrated that B‐cell‐derived soluble mediators primed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated Mφ for tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐6 production significantly better than IFN‐γ, confirming the role of B cells in the activation of Mφ. We could show that human PB B cells were active cytokine producers and could be induced to produce interferon (IFN)‐γ mRNA in the presence of known Mφ cytokines, like IL‐12 and IL‐18. BCR stimulation also stabilized and enhanced the IFN‐γ mRNA production induced by IL‐12 and IL‐18. In addition, our novel finding was that a known Mφ cytokine, IL‐10, induced the expression of IFN‐γ mRNA from human B‐cell line (HF28R0) cells. In summary, we propose a model for the active role of B cells in the induction of the inflammatory response during TI antigen challenge in close collaboration with Mφ.


Section 1 Ambient noise problems: Evaluation of the audibility of acoustics signals in industrial areas Analysis of the acoustic climate along main streets in Villa San Giovanni An angular diffusivity geometrical model to predict urban sound diffusion. Section 2 Environmental noise: Acoustic map of Pamplona, Spain. Percentile of people affected by environmental noise A study case of noise coming from road yard machines: experimental tests and theoretical formulas to evaluate sound impact on people A methodology for impact assessment and acoustic monitoring of quarry activities Diffraction of sound around barriers: comparison between procedures of forecasting in sound propagation in a quarry A study about the acoustical impact in high traffic urban streets. Section 3 Building acoustics: A proposal to improve the acoustics in Fernandina churches, The example of Magdalena Church in Cordoba (Spain) Sound field in several theatres of Cadiz, before and after its restoration Acoustics of domestic boilers Comparison of acoustic insulation provided by infinite plane versus circular closed walls Laboratory simulation of diffuse pressure fields An intensimetric method to localize secondary sources. Section 4 Industrial noise and vibrations: Evaluation of the Lep,d index in a dairy of Rome Application of the modal expansion technique to improve the results of FEM/BEM acoustic radiation Aerosol coagulation on nonlinear oscillations in a closed tube. Section 5 Sound absorption barriers: Sound absorbing concrete barrier Some interesting features of the interaction of a bounded ultrasonic beam with a doubly corrugated interface between a solid and a liquid Sound absorption coefficient changes of acoustical plates made of expanded perlite in moist environment. (part contents)


BACKGROUND
Dietary regimens have so far been studied as possible determinants of semen quality and fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet, as compared with a low-fat diet, on seminal parameters of young healthy adults from southern Italy.

METHODS
In a randomized controlled trial, 160 young adults aged 18-30 years were assigned to Mediterranean diet (N.=80) or a low-fat diet (N.=80). The primary outcome measures were changes in semen parameters after six months.

RESULTS
Mean age of participants in the study was 24.7 years. There was no difference in baseline semen parameters of men randomized to Mediterranean diet or low-fat diet. After the entire follow-up, participants in both groups showed a significant increase in sperm concentration and sperm total count, with significant differences favoring the Mediterranean diet group (sperm concentration, 1.93 M/mL 95% CI [1.22 to 3.64], P=0.027; total sperm count 8.02 M 95% CI [1.51 to 15.45], P=0.035). No differences in other semen parameters were found between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In healthy young adults, the consumption of Mediterranean diet was associated with an improvement of both sperm concentration and total count, as compared with a low-fat diet.


ABSTRACT. The degree of reduction in sex pheromone‐mediated responsiveness of male light‐brown apple moth, which results from previous exposure to the pheromone, is increased by presenting the pre‐exposure dose as a sequence of short pulses, rather than as a single pre‐exposure. This effect is interpreted in terms of adaptation and disadaptation of the pheromone receptors, and of central habituation and dishabituation. When the interval between pulses is of sufficient length for receptor disadaptation, the total amount of excitatory input generated by the pulsed pheromone would be greater than if the same dose were to be applied continuously. It is concluded that the greater resultant reduction in responsiveness following pulsing is directly related to the greater degree of habituation resulting from this presumed increased amount of excitatory input.


Abstract Research was conducted at five locations in 1998 and three locations in 1999 to evaluate the effects of labeled and below-label rates of sulfentrazone on weed control and phytotoxicity in ...


Based on the good chaotic properties of tangent-delay ellipse reflecting cavity-mapping system (TD-ERCS), a kind of novel substitution boxes were constructed. The cryptographic properties, such as bijection, nonlinearity, strict avalanche, independence of output bits, the differential approximation probability and the nonlinear approximation probability of the S-box are analyzed. The investigation method for the strength of the S-box with the discrete chaotic system proposed by Kocarev is discussed. Theoretical analysis and backtesting results show that the method is efficient and easy to put into practice, while the constructed S-boxes show better cryptographic properties than the S-boxes based on other chaotic system, which can be used to improve the existing encryption scheme.


Susac syndrome (SuS) is a rare autoimmune micro-angiopathic endotheliopathy. The diagnosis of SuS is a challenge to neurologists because of the diversity of symptoms and rarity of occurrence of classical triad of SuS. In this context, a plethora of immunological/demyelinating disorders can mimic the features of neurological manifestations of SuS. The detection of snowball corpus callosal lesion is unique to SuS. A high degree of suspicion is the key to diagnosis and early immunomodulator therapy can prevent catastrophic disabilities. The use of steroid-sparing medications should be advocated wherever possible. In this case report, we tried to explore a 20 year old female with headache, seizure, irritability, blurring of vision with right hip pain and emphasize the need for awareness of this rare entity along with high element of suspicion for detection of such disorders.


Pleural effusions are common clinical complications, with the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. They can be caused by various diseases, including cancer, inflammation and viral infection (1). Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) occurs in 50% of metastatic malignancy and indicates poor prognosis and short life expectancy (2,3). Differentiating MPE from benign pleural effusion remains a severe challenge. Microbiological and cytological examinations are routine methods to diagnose MPE, however, their diagnostic values vary from 40% to 80% (4). Therefore, novel and efficient biomarkers are required for the diagnosis of MPE. The cel lular environment is complex in MPE, including immune cells, lymphocytes and bone marrowderived inflammatory cells. As a pivotal component of host immune cells, macrophages play a vital role in immune response. According to different physiological conditions, macrophages can be polarized into a classically activated (M1) phenotype or an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype. M1 macrophages express CD86, CD80, Original Article


To determine whether the hypothesis that the phenomenon of persistent cytotoxic edema in the subacute stage of ischemic stroke is in fact associated with the glial population. This is done by assessing the evolution of both the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the glial‐specific marker myo‐inositol (Ins) in a group of patients, and by comparing the results with the total cellular density by means of the creatine (Cre) level.


To predict end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes by using machine‐learning models with multiple baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.


It is a pleasure for me to participate in this year-end meeting, as we reflect about the challenges we faced and the objectives we accomplished in this year, and endeavour to identify issues that may arise over the next year. Given the celebrations time and the spirit of this meeting, I would rather not dwell upon all the issues I would have liked to. However, I will share with you my opinion on two issues I consider as important for a good performance of the banking sector over 2014.


Abstract : The Naval Health Research Center evaluated a revised Field Medical Card, developed by a quad-service working group. Field testing as well as testing under controlled conditions was conducted to determine whether or not the proposed card was an improvement over the current card. With respect to the criteria of Sufficiency, East of Use, and Simplicity, it was found that the new card was generally an improvement over the old card. However, some deficiencies of the old card persisted and some new problems were introduced. Therefore, it was concluded that some further revisions should be made to the Field Medical Card.


The human double minute (HDM)-2 E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key role in p53 turnover and has been validated preclinically as a target in multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). HDM-2 inhibitors are entering clinical trials, andwe therefore sought to understandpotentialmechanisms of resistance in lymphoid models. Wild-type p53 H929 MM and Granta-519 MCL cells resistant to MI-63 or Nutlin were generated by exposing them to increasingdrug concentrations.MI-63-resistantH929 andGranta-519 cellswere resistant to Nutlin, whereas Nutlin-resistant cells displayed cross-resistance toMI-63. These cells also showed cross-resistance to bortezomib, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and melphalan, but remained sensitive to the small molecule inhibitor RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis). HDM-2 inhibitor-resistant cells harbored increasedp53 levels, but neither genotoxic nor nongenotoxic approaches to activate p53 induced HDM-2 or p21. Resequencing revealed wild-type HDM-2, but mutations were found in the p53 DNA binding and dimerization domains. In resistant cells, RITA induced aG2–M arrest, upregulation of p53 targets HDM-2, PUMA, and NOXA, and PARP cleavage. Combination regimens with RITA and MI-63 resulted in enhanced cell death compared with RITA alone. These findings support the possibility that p53 mutation could be a primary mechanism of acquired resistance to HDM-2 inhibitors in MCL and MM. Furthermore, they suggest that simultaneous restoration of p53 function and HDM-2 inhibition is a rational strategy for clinical translation. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(10); 2243–53. 2012 AACR.


This article considers the mobile interview method's utility to geography through five strengths: the ability to (1) produce spatially grounded and place-specific data, (2) access subtler and more complex meanings of place, (3) create opportunities for flexible and collaborative conversation with participants in situ, (4) build rapport and adjust participant–researcher power dynamics, and (5) efficiently produce rich geographic data. Practical, technical, ethical, and epistemological considerations are discussed. We expand methodological exploration of disempowered individuals' experiences of home, neighborhood, and urban space. The mobile interview offers a valuable, underutilized method for geographers to better understand the coconstitutive relationship between self and place.


We investigate a new facilitated assessment technique for the pointing and calling enforcement. The pointing and calling is an activity for workers to keep occupational safety and correctness. Our proposed system provides early detection for the false enforcement of the pointing and calling by recognizing the performance of the activity. We implemented a prototype system to record occurrence of the performance, the place where it performed, and the performed time. The recognition accuracy showed the feasibility of recognition with a self-contained wearable computer system. However, the results also showed some issues that need to be addressed for future practical use.


The paper reports on developmental research on the effects of viscosity and two phases, liquid–gas fluids on ESPs which are multi stage centrifugal pumps for deep bore holes. The test facility work was performed using pumps with ten or more stages moving fluids with viscosity from 2 to 2500 cP at various speed, intake pressure and Gas Void Fractions (GVF). For safety considerations the injected gas was restricted to nitrogen or air. The results are a series of curves representing the performance degradation of the pump. Note that in some cases the pump performances actually improved with increasing viscosity. The resulting information will allow a better understanding and more accurate prediction of performance than has been previously available. The data indicates a significant difference in performance correction when compared to the information available from the Hydraulics Institute.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


A compact antenna based on low-profile radiator pairs with high pattern reconfiguration diversity is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of four hybrid radiator pairs and a reconfigurable feeding network. By switching the on/off states of four positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes, which are integrated into the reconfigurable network, the activation states of the four radiator pairs can be separately controlled. Each pair employs one low-profile electric radiator (monopole) and one low-profile magnetic radiator for stable directional radiation and structural compactness. As a result, the radiation beam can be electrically and directionally scanned in the horizontal plane (ϕ-plane). Eight different radiation modes can be obtained within an overlapped bandwidth. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Good impedance matching and stable directional radiation patterns are achieved over the entire operating band from 3.4 to 3.70 GHz in the measurement. The fabricated antenna features a compact size of 0.46 λg × 0.46 λg × 0.13 λg (λg represents the guided wavelength at 3.5 GHz). The proposed antenna is well-suitable for space-limited Sub-6 GHz smart and intelligent applications.


We consider the process of self-development of student youth in the context of the functioning of student scientific society, which is a space for self-identification, self-determination and self-development of youth in the structure of civil society. The basic mechanisms of self-development are revealed: self-understanding, self-awareness, self-determination, self-government, self-improvement and self-realization. It is noted that they are all interconnected and interact with each other, their consistent implementation forms a kind of algorithm for moving to higher forms of self-improvement. The characteristic is given to the principles under which the social and cultural conditions for students' self-development will be most vividly realized (subjectivity, motivational orientation of self-development, effectiveness of cultural activity, facilitation, focus, coherence, consistency and continuity in the content of the educational process, the connection of upbringing with life, the democracy of the upbringing system, interactivity, individualization, differentiation and tolerance of the education system, integrity and structure, variability and competitiveness of the activity of self-developing personality). Particular attention is paid to social and cultural activities, which are aimed at self-realization of the personality, self-development of personal spiritual and physical potential of students. Personal self-development connected with integration into the internal and external activities of the individual for self-designing and self-creation at the level of self-awareness, motivational, value and emotional spheres, behavior in accordance with the requirements of the social and normative space and the tasks of research, social organizational and social and cultural activities of student scientific society.


Background: Neuropathic pain conditions are prevalent in general population and difficult to treat. Most currently available therapies do not provide adequate benefit in all treated patients. Though Paracetamol is available for more than 100 years and have huge safety data, it is still not included in any treatment guidelines for neuropathic pain, as very few studies have evaluated its effects in neuropathic pain conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate antihyperalgesic activity of paracetamol and to compare it with antihyperalgesic effect of amitriptyline and gabapentin in rat model of thermal hyperalgesia. Methods: Male albino wistar rats weighing 200-250 g of body weight and 4-6 months old were used. After anaesthetizing rats with 2% halothane, mild thermal injury was induced using hot plate analgesiometer. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after thermal injury. Paw withdrawal latencies were measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after drug administration. Statistical analysis done using GraphPad Prism version 5.01 and one way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett's test or Tukey's test were used. Results: Paracetamol showed both dose as well as time dependent antihyperalgesic activity. Gabapentin demonstrated significantly more antihyperalgesic activity compared to amitriptyline ( p < 0.05) and paracetamol ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Paracetamol showed antihyperalgesic activity however, it was less as compared to drugs like gabapentin and amitriptyline. Considering the excellent safety profile of paracetamol, it might be useful adjuvant drug for treatment of neuropathic pain conditions.


Received 24 March, 2013; received in revised form 6 May, 2013; accepted 8 May, 2013ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a method for human identification using teeth contours extracted from den-tal images that are captured from the frontal views of subjects each of who opens his or hermouth slightly. Each dental image has a black-colored region containing the subject's teeth con-tours which are usually different from subject to subject. This means that this black-coloredregion has bio-mimetic information useful for human identification. The basic idea of themethod is to extract the upper and lower teeth contours from the dental image of each subjectand to encode their geometric patterns using a back-propagation neural network model. Afteracquiring 400 teeth images form 10 university students, we used 300 images for the trainingdata of the neural network model and 100 images for its verification. Experimental results haveshown that the proposed neural network-based method can be used as an alternative solution foridentification among a small group of humans with a low cost and simple setup.Key Words:Artificial neural networks, Back propagation, Dental images, Human identification,Teeth contour extraction


In the External Subbetic, Upper Jurassic coarse breccias organized in lenticular sedi mentary bodies prograding to the west, are genetically relationed to N-S transcurrent faults affecting to the basin to the end of the Middle Jurassic. The breccias were probably deposited over a sunken block displaced to the north in respect of the northern palaeogeographic units, which stratigraphic series made up a main source area. The sunken block was probably emerged during the Late Liassic and Middle Jurassic, so that the breccias are underlied by the Lower Liassic Gavilan Fm.


The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for operating an injection device (2) for an injection molding machine (1) comprising a means of an electric machine (24) driven extruder screw (9). In order to calculate an injection pressure and / or a dynamic pressure acceleration values and / or of an operating point of the electric machine (24) may be used dependent values. This can be saved, a pressure sensor.


This research project was undertaken to study salinity stress changes in the nutritional quality of wheat genotypes. Four wheat genotypes SARC-1, SARC-5, SARC-7, and SARC-8 were grown under nonsaline and saline (7.5 dS/m and 15 dS/m) treatments. Salinity was created artificially by the addition of NaCl in soil before filling in pots. Recommended fertilizers N (120 kg/ha), P (100 kg/ha) and K (60 kg/ha) were used in the form of Urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and sulphate of potash (SOP) in both saline and non-saline treatments. The grains of wheat genotypes were evaluated for nutritional quality i.e. chemical composition, mineral contents, wet and dry gluten, gliadin and glutenin, and SDS-sedimentation value. The results showed that growth parameters (biological yield, number of grains, thousand grain weight, grain yield and grain length) were affected significantly by salinity stress. Protein contents were increased with salinity, whereas other parameters (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, glutenin, and SDS-Sedimentation value) were decreased by increasing salinity stress. Similarly, Na content increased while K, Ca, P, Fe, Mg and Zn decreased significantly by increasing salinity stress. Salinity stress affect positively on protein contents in grain of all wheat genotypes. SARC-7 and SARC-5 performed better than SARC-1 and SARC-8.


A retrospective review was made of intraoperative femoral fracture prevalence in seventy nine consecutive, cementless, fully HA-coated stems used for revision hip arthroplasty. Three patients were lost to follow up. Intraoperative fracture occurred in 15 (20%) femurs. Fractures occurred during cement removal (3/15) or insertion of the implant (12/15). All fractures were identified using intraoperative biplane X-ray, and were treated during the same operation. The clinical outcome of both groups (with or without fractures) was similar. The risk of intraoperative fracture was not statistically related to any demographic features or operative technique. Intraoperative radiographs are therefore mandatory in revision hip arthroplasty in order to diagnose and treat the common complication of femur fracture appropriately.


A simple, selective, and sensitive thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method is described for the identification and determination of nabumetone in pharmaceutical products. The mobile phase was constituted by the following mixture: n-hexane-chloroform-glacial acetic acid 4:1:1 (v/v/v); and the stationary phase was TLC plate of silica gel 60 F254. The chromatograms were developed and analyzed densitometrically at λ1 = 270 nm and λ2 = 330 nm. RF values and UV spectra were used to identify the compounds. The developed method was characterized by high sensitivity (LOD and LOQ (limits of detection and quantitation) from 0.23 µg per band to 1.00 mg per band), high accuracy (recovery about 100%), and good precision ((relative standard deviation, RSD <2%).


Digital games have potential to support increased student motivation and engagement in education, but their use is not yet a widespread practice. Meta-research indicates that empirical evidence for ...


Objective: To explore the preparation method of timosaponin B-Ⅱ nanofiber membrane,in order to lay a foundation for the subsequent studies in vivo.Methods: Timosaponin B-Ⅱ and PLLA at different ratios were made into timosaponin nanofiber membranes; the surface structure and morphology of the drug loaded nanofiber membranes were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the infrared spectra was adopted to determine the compatibility between the drug and the polymer; LC-MS/MS was used to measure timosaponin B-Ⅱ levels in solutions at different time points to draw the drug release curves; CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferative activity of tumor cells,in order to evaluate whether the sustained drug release from the drug-loaded nano-films could inhibit the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells.Results: The optimum concentration of timosaponin B-Ⅱ for drug loading was 12%; the electrospinning technique in the preparation of timosaponin B-Ⅱ loaded nanofibers could maintain the physical and chemical properties of the both components; timosaponin B-Ⅱ had little effect on the thermal stability of fiber membranes,indicating a good compatibility; the timosaponin B-Ⅱ nanofiber membranes could effectively release timosaponin B-Ⅱ in the conventional culture solution,the timosaponin B-Ⅱ loaded nanofiber membranes can inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells significantly,the differences in the treated groups at 48 hours and 72 hours were significant(P 0.05) compared with the control group.Conclusion: Timosaponin B-Ⅱ nanofiber membranes can effectively inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells through the sustained release of the drug.


principal wheat producing regions. A great mid-continent belt varying from 200 to 800 miles in width, it has been settled and developed as a wheat and livestock-producing region in comparatively recent years. This article concerns itself with the central portion of the region, the Northern Great Plains of the United States, which extends from Kansas and Colorado to North Dakota and Montana. The Northern Great


Estimates suggest that Alzheimer's disease and stroke account for a majority of age‐related cognitive decay. This study utilized novel pattern‐recognition protocols to estimate the extent to which cognitive decay might be attributable to Alzheimer's disease and stroke.


Plaintiffs in civil cases and the prosecution in criminal actions generally have the "burden" of proving all factual issues material under the applicable substantive law. The effect of so placing this burden is twofold. First, it compels the plaintiff, or prosecution, to produce a quantum of evidence sufficient to persuade the judge that a reasonable jury could (not should), on the basis of that evidence, find that the burden has been "carried" and that the requisite facts have been proven. If the judge finds the evidence inadequate for that purpose, he will direct a verdict for the defendant. The second effect results from the revelation of this burden to the jury so that it may consider it in its deliberations. No matter how that burden is described to the jury, some disadvantage should accrue to the party bearing it. The Simon/Mahan study raises a number of interesting questions about the extent to which that disadvantage can be quantified and how juries will react to that quantification. Although the burden of proof in civil cases generally rests on the plaintiff, there are a number of issues on which it is shifted to the other party, or its impact is varied. Where there is a belief that on a particular issue-for instance, authority to drive a car-one party, in this case the owner of the car, generally has the better access to the material evidence, the burden may be placed on that party, whether or not he is the plaintiff (O'Dea v. Amodeo, 1934). Also, where


Background:The deregulation of Sweden´s state-run pharmacy monopoly induced that the availability of non-prescription analgesic has increased but at the same time there is hard to get information about medications when they are sold at general stores and petrol stations. It has been found that non-prescription analgesia can lead to serious damage if taken inappropriately.Aim:The purpose of this study was to examine people's experience and using of non-prescription analgesia.Method:A qualitative approach was used where the subjective experiences of different people were described in a narrative form. In order to obtain data twelve interviews were completed including seven women and five men between 24-80 years of age. Thereafter the collected data was transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis according Graneheim and Lundman (2004).Results:The analyzed data resulted in three categories and eleven sub-categories describing people's experience and use of non-prescription analgesia in self-care purposes. Different aspects in use: Is used for different purposes, Perfunctory medication, Less danger in non-prescribed drugs, No information in interactions and Don´t believe generic drugs is equivalent. Varied belief in information: Know how to get information, Insufficient information when buying it, Information in media and Advice from friends. Easy available: Easy to access and Useful in self-care management.Conclusion:The study showed that not only do people take non-prescription analgesia for purpose of pain-relief and pyrexia but also to feel better. There was limitations' relating to lack of knowledge for dosages, side effects, interactions and generics. Most people in the study experienced a need for information by professionals and therefore several of them wanted to obtain their medication from the pharmacy. The positive experiences of using over-the-counter analgesia were easy access and saving both time and healthcare resources. The negative aspect was that self-medication could prove to be harmful. The Study result indicates that it's important for healthcare staff to ask about peoples knowledge and give information of non-prescription analgesia in counseling of self-care management.


Purpose: The objectives of this study was to measure the outcomes of interventions on the health and social welfare of the elderly in a rural community in Korea. The project involved integrating services of one public health center with that of one social welfare agency, which were under different administrative structures. Method: A single group pretest-posttest design was used for this research. Seventy-five elderly residents living alone in a rural community participated in the study. All of them had coverage of free basic medical care and social welfare services by the government. Major activities for the intervention included: developing partnerships among community leaders/institutes; forming committees of community residents; educating care providers and volunteers; developing 8 integrated service programs and instruments; and organizing the networks. The 20-month intervention was care-managed by a public health nurse whom collaborated with social worker, and was assisted by volunteers. The t-test was utilized to analyze the outcome variables including the elder's health, social welfare and quality of life. A major limitation of this study was the lack of a control group. Results: The outcome of the intervention was shown by improved elder's health, social welfare needs, and quality of life. Integrating the services of public health centers with those of social welfare agencies is an effective way to improve the health of the elderly in the community. Conclusion: Developing community capacity with such integrated services will pay an important role in improving the health of the elderly who live alone.


To analyze the essence of digital transformation and the ways in which it becomes possible. This article focuses on students' reactions, their assessments and views on ongoing online learning. The main research questions posed in the article are: is ongoing digital learning effective? Do students evaluate what happened as a digital transformation in education? What are the main challenges facing ongoing digital learning?


This study reviews the research on interaction techniques and methods that could be applied in mobile augmented reality scenarios. The review is focused on the most recent advances and considers especially the use of head-mounted displays. In the review process, we have followed a systematic approach, which makes the review transparent, repeatable, and less prone to human errors than if it was conducted in a more traditional manner. The main research subjects covered in the review are head orientation and gaze-tracking, gestures and body part-tracking, and multimodality – as far as the subjects are related to human-computer interaction. Besides these, also a number of other areas of interest will be discussed.