We present the case of a male infant, born at 30 weeks GA, with facial dysmorphism (short palpebral fissures, protruding philtrum), bell-shaped thorax, extremely loose skin, large abdominal and bilateral inguinal hernias. Karyotype was normal. Defective elastin fibre formation observed on skin biopsy confirmed the clinical diagno- sis of Cutis Laxa. A skeletal survey also revealed a narrow thorax with coat-hanger appearance of the ribs, short femurs and generalised osteopenia. So far, such skeletal dysplasia has not been reported in Cutis Laxa. Very recently, however, a new distinctive malformation complex due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (patUPD14) has been recognized in three patients, involving a strikingly similar constellation of thoracic hypoplasia, abdominal mus-cular defects and dysmorphic facies (Kurosawa et al. AmJMedGen 2002; 110 :268). DNA collected from both parents and child using polymorphic markers confirmed patUPD14 in this case. Mechanical support was withdrawn at the age of six weeks due to severe cardiorespiratory failure. Cutis Laxa can be caused by elastin mutations (chr 7) or can be X-linked (ATP7A mutation). No link with chr 14 has been identified so far. This is the first patient in which the phenotype of Cutis Laxa is directly linked with patUPD14. Given the absence of Cutis Laxa in previously reported patUPD14 patients, it seems unlikely that the pres- ence of imprinted gene(s) on chr 14 would constitute the genetic mechanism of lethal Cutis Laxa. We therefore believe homozygosity for a recessive gene on chr 14 can account for this type of Cutis Laxa. Further work is planned on increasing the number of chr 14 markers that have been analysed, so as to define clearly the extent of hetero-and iso-disomic regions. Also, this patient underlines the importance of DNA-analysis for patUPD14 in any newborn with thoracic hypopla-sia and loose skin. to St at Assessment included structured history taking, physi-cal examination, with echocardiography and 3-dimensional facial photography where possible. their will impact on the investigation and certification of cause of death. We will discuss the diagnostic methods that the PHLS (future HPA) pro-vides, how these might be implemented into local protocols, and the organisational and professional changes that may help or hinder the process. Neonatal autopsy rates remain relatively high but are declining for many reasons an reliance on the validity of antemortem diagnosis and changing societal perceptions of the The recent controversy surrounding organ retention has provide a further disincentive. The aim of this study was to assess the continuing clinical value of the neonatal autopsy. A retrospective view of all infants who underwent a spe- cialist perinatal autopsy at a single centre in the Northern Region of England during 1999-2001, after receiving neonatal intensive care. Autopsy in of information in the discharge summary and postmortem request form, and cases allocated to one of three groups: (I) Confirmation of clinically suspected pathology; (II) Assessment of timing and severity of clinically suspected pathology; OR unexpected findings of clinical importance but not the major cause of death; (III) Major pathology causing/ contributing to death, only established at autopsy; OR resolution of other major clinical issues relating to death. Results: 124 infant autopsies (89 neonatal deaths; 24 late neonatal; 11 post-neonatal) were reviewed. 61 cases (49%) were allocated to group III, including: 11 infants (8.9%) with other major malformations; 11 (8.9%) dying from indiagnosed infection; and six (4.8%) deaths due to iatrogenic disease. 42 autopsies (34%) were allocated to group II, including 18 (14.5%) providing information about the severity and timing of acquired CNS disease and three cases of indiagnosed kernicterus. Conclusion: Neonatal autopsy continues to demonstrate clinically undiagnosed disease of importance both to families and clinicians.


Objective To investigate the application value of subclavian artery distal blood flow acceleration time change in predicting proximal vascular severe stenosis.Methods A total of 59 patients with subclavian artery stenosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital between May 2008 and June 2012 were selected.Subclavian artery distal blood flow acceleration time was detected using ultrasonography and compared between the lesion side and the healthy side.The sensitivity and specificity at different acceleration time were analyzed by ROC curve.Results All the 59 cases were unilateral stenosis including 54 left side stenosis and 5 right side stenosis.There were mild stenosis(30%~49%) 20 cases,moderate stenosis(50%~69%) 10 cases,severe stenosis(70%~99%) 29 cases.In the severe stenosis group,subclavian artery distal blood flow acceleration time of the lesion side(0.150±0.018)s were significantly longer than that of the healthy side(0.077±0.011)s(t=17.75,P0.01).The area under ROC curve of acceleration time for the diagnosis of subclavian artery proximal severe stenosis was 0.972.The best diagnostic cutoff points was 0.115 s,the sensitivity was 100.0%,specificity 86.3%.Conclusion Subclavian artery distal blood flow acceleration time change detected by ultrasonography has high value in predicting proximal severe stenosis.


ABSTRACT Background: Literature on the association between therapist adherence and treatment success in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is scarce, and the results are mixed. Objective: To examine the relationship between therapist adherence to dialectical behaviour therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) on treatment outcome in women with PTSD and emotion regulation difficulties after interpersonal childhood abuse. Method: Videotaped therapy sessions from 160 female participants of a large randomized controlled trial [Bohus, M., Kleindienst, N., Hahn, C., Müller-Engelmann, M., Ludäscher, P., Steil, R., Fydrich, T., Kuehner, C., Resick, P. A., Stiglmayr, C., Schmahl, C., & Priebe, K. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (DBT-PTSD) compared with cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in complex presentations of PTSD in women survivors of childhood abuse. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(12), 1235. jamapsychiatry.2020.2148] were rated. Adherence to CPT and DBT-PTSD was assessed using two specifically developed rating scales. Results: Higher therapist adherence was associated with a greater reduction of clinician-rated PTSD symptom severity. This effect was more pronounced in the CPT group than in the DBT-PTSD group. Adherence was also related to a greater reduction of self-rated PTSD symptoms, borderline symptoms, and dissociation intensity. Conclusion: Our results indicate that higher therapist adherence can lead to better treatment outcomes in PTSD treatments, especially in CPT.


THE object of this paper is to present to comparative anatomists certain aspects in the phylogenesis of the spinal cord, which culminate in the development of the brain of man. The word brain is here used to include only the nerves and ganglia of the skull. The term has been applied so loosely that Professor Wilder rightly advises its discontinuance from neurological nomenclature. Briefly stated, the nerves interrelate the muscles as the muscles interrelate the bones, nerves further are internuncial in conveying external or internal molecular vibrations to irritable or contractile tissues. Biological investigations enable us to approach very closely the border land of sensation and molecular physics. While the physicist is striving to reduce his laws of sound, heat, light, electricity and gravitation to their ultimates, the biologist is meeting him over consideration of the forces which control the motions of the Amoeba or evolve the animal from the cell. In the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society (Vol. iii, No. i, p. 63, from Arch. Mikr. Anat., XVII, I879, P. 58) are diagrams of the simplest acoustic and visual cells. These forms of nerve cells proceed from a still simpler protoplasmic cell, which, according to situation or the influences brought to bear upon it, 1 Read before the Chicago Academy of Sciences, February 8, i88i.


Spectrograms of utterances consisting of various combinations of consonants and vowels were studied in order to determine what voice fundamental‐frequency fluctuations are predictable from segmental structure. Questions and statements with different stress patterns were also recorded and studied. After corrections were made for predictable coarticulation effects, a characteristic fo contour was found to be associated with each sentence type. This relationship turned out to be a complex one; i.e., there is marked interaction between various stress patterns and sentence types. For example, the extent of terminal pitch rise in question sentences is affected by the relative positions of stress‐bearing elements in the sentences. The observed effect can be explained by postulating differences in rates of lung volume change during the breath groups corresponding to different stress patterns. These findings seem to suggest that the perception of prominence and question intonation involves a special decoding devic...


This chapter deals with the lexicon-syntax interface, which is particularly interesting in Korean and currently attracting much attention in cross-linguistic studies. Theories on the lexicon-syntax interface, linking rules in particular, call for a lexicalist hypothesis such that various syntactic aspects of a sentence be determined by the lexical properties of the predicate, just as in Chomsky's (1981, 1986) Projection Principle. Thus, this chapter aims to characterize the semantic aspects of argument realization patterns – linking rules in Korean. (Jackendoff 1990; Levin and Rappaport Hovav 1995; Pustejovsky 1995; Croft 2012, etc.) Furthermore, this chapter is devoted to identifying the semantic components of alternating predicates in Korean which are relevant to their ability to realize multiple argument structures. The verb classes dealt with in this chapter include psych predicates, verbs of change of location/state, and several verb classes involving causative alternation in Korean.


The urban Swarzędzkie Lake, into which sewage had been diverted many years ago, was still characterised by low ecological status. Three restoration methods were used in order to improve the water quality, i.e. aeration of the waters overlying the bottom sediments, inactivation of phosphorus in the water column with iron sulphate and magnesium chloride and biomanipulation with pike stocking. The aim of the research was to define seasonal and spatial changes of phosphorus internal loading from bottom sediments and to compare this with previous years. We also considered changes in the process of P release when the restoration treatments were limited after 3 yr from 3 methods to 1 method. The highest phosphorus release from bottom sediments was found in the profundal zone, where in summer periods it would reach up to 29.2 mgP m−2 day−1. The lowest P release was observed in the littoral zone, down to a depth of 3 m, where it did not exceed 10.0 mgP m−2 day−1. 31% of the whole load of P released from the bottom sediments was originated from this zone. The research showed an increase of phosphorus release in the first years of restoration treatment and a systematic decrease at all stations in the following years.


This action research was conducted at Universidad Nacional de Colombia with nine preservice teachers of the Philology and Languages, with Emphasis in English, at the Upper- Intermediate level of English. The study consisted of planning and evaluating a pedagogical intervention, which consisted of students exploring readings and/or their background knowledge and reflecting through journal entries about themes of their own choice. The instruments to collect information comprised the students' journals, field notes from a poster session and a questionnaire. The results allowed me to conclude that the students had the opportunity to exercise a degree of autonomy which involved free choice on the topics they explored. The journal became a language-learning tool for the students; likewise, throughout its development, they experienced the need to do some research in the area they were exploring, which allowed them to construct knowledge.


UK. Indian immigrants suffer far more from CHD (Bhatnagar et al, 1995), and Africans in South African cities far less from the disease (Seedat et al, 1992), than can be accounted for. Also perplexing, epidemiologically, is the rarity of CHD in the past, and also the recent falls. As to the past, a never-mentioned very interesting historical example was the absence of the disease in the UK in the early 1800s. At that period, according to the well-known historian, Arthur Bryant (1950), 'The English ate ... more


Fig (Ficus carica) is the fig tree, originating in the Mediterranean Basin, has a carnous and juicy pulp, besides being slightly sweetened. Fig is the highly perishable subtropical fruit, therefore, falls into high degradation due to biochemical changes that occur during storage. The purpose of this paper was to establish biochemical changes with a role in modifying the quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica) during the storage period. During storage, fruit containing oil is susceptible to oxidative damage. In order to ensure a high quality of fruit, it is essential to reliably analyze their oxidative status (complex process due to the influence of several factors such as availability of oxygen, light, temperature, microorganisms and enzymes). Samples were packed in 200 mm x 150 mm polyethylene sheets and stored under ambient conditions to study the quality changes during storage for 365 days. The samples were analyzed for quality attributes, such as the measurement of fatty acid profiles, determination of primary oxidation products (Peroxide value), determination of secondary oxidation products (Thiobarbituric acid test), acid value and the refraction index. can help to estimate the shelf life. The result of the study indicated the shelf life for Ficus carica fruit dried was 120 days.

http://bch.ro/pdfRC/58 DUMITRU BITA  G 12 18.pdf


The insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT's) are a new class of semiconductor devices which, for thei performances in terms of driving, switching behaviour, etc., are nowadays widely adopted in adjustable speed drives and are increasingly replacing traditional components like SCR and GTO thyristors. Large effort is dedicated in the literature in order to investigate on their long term behaviour, which limits their employment in high reliability demanding applications, like railway traction. In the present paper, in order to investigate on the long-term performances of the electrical insulation of such devices, an experimental activity has been carried out on two types of commercial IGBT modules produced by two different manufacturers The IGBTs have been subjected to typical working cycles occurring in a traction converter and the effect of the application of such stresses has been studied by recording, at different ageing stages, the partial discharge activity occurring in each module. A characterisation of the first stages of the ageing process has thus been achieved.


The utility model discloses an electromagnetic seafood steaming cabinet, which belongs to the field of cooking equipment and particularly relates to the electromagnetic seafood steaming cabinet. The electromagnetic seafood steaming cabinet comprises a machine case and is characterized by also comprising more than one steam box, wherein the steam boxes are arranged at the upper part of the machine case, a metal steam generating cabin is arranged under the steam boxes, a high-frequency induction heating coil is arranged under the metal steam generating cabin and is connected with a high-frequency power supply, the metal steam generating cabin is connected with each steam box through steam conveying pipes, after water is added into the metal steam generating cabin, the continuous heating can be realized to generate steam required by the steam boxes, and the steam can enter each steam box for carrying out cooking operation through the steam conveying pipes. The electromagnetic seafood steaming cabinet uses the steam for heating and cooking food, the temperature uniformity in the steam boxes can be ensured, the cooked degree of the cooked food is uniform, particularly, the seafood can be thoroughly cooked through steaming when the electromagnetic seafood steaming cabinet is used for cooking the seafood, the half-cooked phenomenon is avoided, and the eating safety of eaters is ensured.


: Let q be an odd prime power and F q 3 be the finite field with q 3 elements. In this paper, we propose two classes of permutation trinomials of F q 3 for an arbitrary odd characteristic based on the multivariate method and some subtle manipulation of solving equations with low degrees over finite fields. Moreover, we demonstrate that these two classes of permutation trinomials are QM inequivalent to all known permutation polynomials over F q 3 . To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study the construction of nonlinearized permutation trinomials of F q 3 with at least one coefficient lying in F q 3 \ F q .


Based on 8 voyages of investigation data on pollution in QinZhou Bay 1983~1999, the oils characteristic distribution in different periods of time, a discussion on the relationship between the content of oils and environmental factors, and the polluted level in this Bay were made. The results showed that the content of oils in this bay was higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, and higher at the beginning of the developing period than in the middle and late periods. The relationship between the oils and environmental factors were changed in different seasons. It was closer in autumn, dropped in winter, bad in spring and summer, and the physical process and the decomposition of nutrients are dominant, the biological process worked less, The oils polluted situation was relatively serious in 1983 and 1984,than in 1996 and 1997,and the quality of water was good in 1990 and 1999 in Qinzhou Bay.


In this paper I have approached aspects of the importance and necessity of leadership in higher education, seen as a vector for the sustainable development of universities. Throughout the paper, I addressed aspects of transformational and real leadership in higher education, highlighting the need for adaptive change in education in the current context. Given the scope of the adaptive change interventions, the emphasis is put on transformational leadership, as the main conceptual drive of such endeavour. The transformation through an adaptive change process of the School starts from the vision of articulating an authentic educational system that cultivates values that it uses and likes in the broadest sense of the components of this vision. The primary objective of the present review is to reveal how the real leadership theories are applied in higher education institutions. This paper concludes with an academic leadership summary for educational institutions to enhance managerial effectiveness, which would also be beneficial to future research for studying relationships between specific leadership styles and effectiveness in higher education. Although leadership has been mostly discussed in organizational context, managerial effectiveness is of great significance also in educational setting.


The periodontal status of 34 patients age 32 to 60 years, including 8 smokers, was evaluated. It was based on the medical history, progress of periodontal disease measured by probing pocket depths and attachment loss, oral hygiene status and presence of gingivitis. Analysis of acute phase proteins and total antioxidant status as a response to chronic inflammation in the oral cavity were performed by means of immunelectrophoresis according to the Laurell and Randox tests. The result suggest that the effect of a bacterial biofilm, deepened pockets and smoking is more important for development on the pathological process than genetic factors and gender.


Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests (RSSCTs) can be used for quick and simple laboratory verification of the adsorption efficiencies of micropollutants on various adsorbents. The selection of adsorbent is the most important aspect when incorporating adsorption technology into the operation of the drinking water purification plant, or the wastewater treatment plant. The tests are carried out on laboratory-scale, which minimizes costs for materials and operation. The article focuses on the adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC), as it is the most commonly used type of adsorbent. However, other types of adsorbents can be used for RSSCTs. The aim of this paper is to introduce the reader to the issue of RSSCTs. The article specifically states the possible purposes of using RSSCTs, and define important parameters in the field of micropollutants adsorption testing on activated carbon. The paper also provides summary information on test methodology and its subsequent evaluation. The literature review reveals that the methodologies of RSSCTs in individual studies show various modifications, but in common in the basic procedure. The differences are evident on a level of material equipment, construction dimensions or setting parameter values; mostly due to different purposes of testing.


Abstract : The Theory of Stochastic Duels is extended by considering the distribution of time-to-completion of the fundamental duel. The model has fixed kill probabilities and either random or fixed time between rounds fired. Timelimitation is included. Special cases and examples are worked out. Clearly, the time-duration of combat has both tactical and logistic implications for the decision-maker. (Author)


Propagation matrix method was used to calculate the surface plasmon dispersion for metal on top of InGaN / GaN quantum wells (QWs). Purcell enhancement factor related to the slope of the surface plasmon dispersion curve was calculated for metal on top of InGaN / GaN QWs. The use of double-metallic Au / Ag layers coupled to InGaN QWs results in wide-spectrum tuning of the Purcell peak enhancement of the spontaneous recombination rate for nitride lightemitting diodes.


General aspects chemical aspects analytical aspects geobotanical and biogeochemical prospecting and analysis for heavy metal deposits biomonitoring terrestrial heavy metal pollution by plants - lichens, fungi, mosses, higher plants analysis of heavy metals in plants for the selection of future monitoring species.


– The pseudoscorpion genus Synsphyronus is endemic to the Australasian region with 30 species from Australia, two from New Zealand, and one from New Caledonia. Seven new species are described from Australia mostly based on specimens collected on various BushBlitz expeditions: S. codyi sp. nov., S. patricki sp. nov., S. pharangites sp. nov., S. samueli sp. nov. and S. xynus sp. nov. from Western Australia, and S. marinae sp. nov. and S. sertus sp. nov. from the Northern Territory. Like other species of Synsphyronus , all species have reduced trichobothrial numbers on at least one chelal finger, with S. codyi , S. patricki , S. samueli and S. sertus having eight trichobothria on the fixed finger and three on the movable finger (denoted as 8/3), S. marinae has 8/2, S. xynus has 8/1 and S. pharangites has 7/1. Five of the new species ( S. codyi , S. marinae , S. pharangites , S. sertus and S. xynus ) have fused metatarsi and tarsi, which brings the total number of species with this neotenic feature to 12 of the 40 named species. Certain meristic data for S. gurdoni Harvey, Abrams and Burger, 2015 are corrected. Six of the new species have only been found at a single location, despite concentrated searching for additional specimens in adjacent habitats, and may have very small distributions indicative of short-range endemism. The seventh species, S. xynus , is widely distributed in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. COI barcode data are provided for S. marinae , S. sertus and S. xynus .


A method for laying an elongate duct such as a pipe, main or cable beneath a paved surface, the method comprising digging an elongate trench that is wide enough to permit the duct to be placed within the trench, positioning the duct within the trench and then filling the trench in, the trench being no wider than 8" and no narrower than 3". The back fill may comprise an initially flowable material which subsequently solidifies e.g. light weight foamed concrete.


We have calculated the density of states of superconducting spheres much smaller in size than the coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ and the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ for arbitrary mean free path $l$ and arbitrary fields at zero temperature. In agreement with experimental results, the theory predicts an appreciable deviation from results obtained in the limit $l\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ even if the ratio $\frac{l}{{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}}$ is small, like $\frac{l}{{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.1$. We also discuss the dependence of the critical field on the mean free path and the boundary condition for arbitrary temperatures.


The products obtained by titanium tetrachloride mediated dithioacetalization of four pentofuranoside derivatives were converted to thiofuranose sugars, either by direct cyclization via the unstable triflate intermediate, or by treatment of the derived mesylate. A facile inversion of a D-ribose dibenzyl dithioacetal 9 to an L-lyxose dibenzyl dithioacetal 12 via hydrolysis of the Mitsunobu derived formate intermediate is also described.


The article covers the present day condition of providing the agriculture of the Chuvash Republic with qualified specialists and skilled workers, the factors preventing from the innovational developmentof economics and the ways of elimination of these factors are identified.


In 21 cattle, single oral doses of from 2.5 to 40 mg./kg. and intramuscular doses of 5 and 10 mg./kg. of dimethoate (Am. Cyanamid 12,880): O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-mehtylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate killed 86% to 100% of second instar Hypoderma larvae in the backs of cattle within 1 week after treatment. The lowest dose tested with H. bovis was 5 mg./kg. Ten mg./kg. was the lowest dose uniformly highly effective against third instar larvae.

Single oral or intramuscular doses of 10 and 20 mg./kg. of dimethoate killed 50% or more of the first instar larvae of H. lineatum (De Vill.) in the gullets of five calves in total within 14 to 25 day after treatment. A similar effect was obtained in one calf treated with 5 mg./kg. orally and sacrificed 25 days later, but not in two calves treated with 5 mg./kg. intramuscularly.

In calves weighing 118 to 427 kg., single oral doses of 40 mg./kg. and above, of dimethoate produced severe toxic symptoms, and 80 or 1000 mg./kg. were lethal in 2 days or less; 15 and 20 mg./kg. produced mild toxic symptoms, and doses lower than 15 mg./kg. were essentially asymptomatic. Data on toxicity in sheep and other animals are presented. No differences were observed between the toxicity of 99% and 94% material, and two different drench formulations in ruminants gave comparable results.

Comparisons are given with other types of compounds that are active chemotherapeutically against cattle grubs.


A well established fact in serology is that antibody is a humoral globulin produced by the body in response to an antigen and capable of reacting with this antigen to form a complex. This complex may aggregate to form precipi-tates or agglutinates depending on whether antigen is in soluble or particulate form. If complement is added to the antibody antigen mixture, it combines with the antigen antibody complex. If the antigen is an erythrocyte or a bac-terium, lysis may occur. However, there are numerous exceptions to this general rule. Antigen and antibody may unite to form complexes which do not precipitate, agglutinate or fix complement. We will review typical cases of such exceptions because it is in these instances that our indirect complement-fixation test, which we will describe later, finds its application.


In the first part of a two part dialogue on medicine and architecture, David Loxterkamp and Bruce Snider reflect on the effects of rapid change on each profession and the importance of separating essence from ornament


Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is a Chinese patent medicine mainly used for health care and health maintenance. Meanwhile, GHYSJ can help to prevent the human bodies from diseases caused by the insufficiency of kidney essence together with the deficiency of Qi and Yin, which includes a variety of tonifying Chinese herbs. Nevertheless,, problems still exist, which impedes the application of GHYSJ, such as lagging research, insufficient observation of clinical efficacy and unclear pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism. To provide a certain reference basis for the in-depth research and secondary development of GHYSJ, this paper summarizes its pharmacological activity and clinical application, and points out the future research direction and corresponding research strategy of GHYSJ


Nationally representative survey results demonstrate how social studies teachers in U.S. public schools promote students' civic learning, teachers' beliefs about the importance of civic-related topics and skills, and which conditions they perceive as supporting or hindering civic education. This report, which is part of the Truth Decay initiative, extends analyses presented in other reports in the series.


This chapter summarizes the mains findings of the book: diversity matters and affects peacekeeping effectiveness. These results have important policy implications and can be clustered around two core points. First, diversity of Blue Helmets and diversity of top leadership may increase peacekeeping effectiveness. Second, and at the same time, the effects of diversity are contextual and contingent. In fact, looking at the relation between peacekeepers and Force Commanders, proximity between them is generally associated with better performances. Further, homogeneity between local populations and peacekeepers, or low distance between them, is also related to low levels of hostility and casualties. The chapter reflects upon the policy implications, particularly the need to manage diversity to minimize instances of coordination problems and misunderstandings. It finally outlines avenues for future research.


Diabetic nephropathy is the major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and remains the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality for diabetic patients. Recent evidence suggests that chronic subclinical inflammation is a key pathogenetic mechanism of the disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and particularly tumor necrosis factor and its receptors appear to play a major role in the process and are emerging novel biomarkers of the development and progression of diabetic nephopathy. Moreover, manipulation of the TNF superfamily system will hopefully provide a new therapeutic option for the disease.


AIM
Study of efficiency of inhalation glucocorticosteroid Aldecine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 4-week trial of 30 patients with bronchial asthma. Treatment results were evaluated by clinical symptoms, demand of inhalation sympathomimetics, external respiration, viscosity and elasticity of bronchial secretion, concentrations of hydrocortisone and thyroid hormones.

RESULTS
Aldecine produced a good clinical effect, improved external respiration, allowed to reduce doses of inhalation beta-adrenomimetics. No deterioration of either bronchial secretion rheology or inhibition of adrenal and thyroid function was seen. Candidiasis was clinically negligible.

CONCLUSION
Aldecine proved highly effective and tolerable in patients with bronchial asthma.


As you have most certainly learned, I have been in charge of the management of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences since 1 November 2006. It is an honour to have been selected by the IIAS Council of Administration for this task. In reality, I am both proud and challenged by this appointment. Proud, first of all, to have been chosen by the IIAS Council of Administration to manage such a prestigious Institute: in my view, such a show of confidence is the most important source of motivation. Challenged, because the mission entrusted to me, although exciting, seems at first glance to be relatively complex and will imply a long-term effort by all of those working at Brussels. The broad lines of the future IIAS strategy have been formulated by the highest instances of the Institute. In fact, important contributions were prepared in 2006 and several possible options were suggested. Of course, today we know that only a few may be developed owing to a lack of time, but especially a lack of means. However, the most important projects have been identified and their implementation is now going forward based on a rational order of priorities. To this end the team at Brussels headquarters are concentrating all of their efforts on the website, the development and implementation of marketing and sponsoring concepts, better financial transparency and a modern management of conferences. Specific actions have already been launched in several of these areas. There is not a shadow of a doubt that reform is needed; the Institute must be modernized. The IIAS must evolve with its time: we live in an era of globalized communications, where visibility is often a condition for middleand long-term survival, even more so in a field where the actors, thus competitors, abound. Henceforth the IIAS must be profiled as a reliable instrument, visible and effective, working towards a transparent and efficient management of resources, and providing quality products. These products — of which the Review that you hold in your hands is one — must be showcased to make them more accessible and, once in circulation, more useful. Concomitant to efforts undertaken in the communication field, it is vital to optimize


The aim of this research was to develop a generic statistical framework that can be used to conduct basic as well as indepth investigations of traffic accidents. The proposed approach is composed of two main stages of analysis: the first is mainly concerned with developing cluster bar charts, where different characteristics and causes of accidents are portrayed in relation to variation of types of roads, vehicles and drivers; the second stage is concerned with conducting indepth statistical analysis of the collected accident data. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated by analyzing 1998 accident database for the main rural roads in Egypt.


Results from the Australian Bureau of Statistics surveys on household and community preparedness for natural disasters and fire emergencies are presented within the context of published research into factors that influence preparedness. The results provide a better understanding of the characteristics of householders who prepare for natural disasters and fire emergencies, and how prepared householders are in the event of an emergency.


The imagery face of the infrared imagery missile is constitutived of multiple unit infrared detectors.The noise of the detectors influences the clarity level of the infrared imagery.The noise of the infrared detector can be equivalenced by a tesistor thermal noise.It can simply be represented to the probability destribution by a maths expression.The method of simulating the image of the detector's noise is,decompwing the image to sections as many as the number of the detector units,and display every section with random grey scale.This kind of simulation, combining with the simulation of the infrared imagery,have a important value in practice.


In this paper,we consider the time dependent Maxwell's equations when dispersive media are involved.The Crank-Nicolson mixed finite element methods are developed for three most popular dispersive medium models:the isotropic cold plasma,the one-pole Debye medium and the two-pole Lorentz medium.Optimal error estimates are proved for all three models solved by the Raviart-Thomas-Nedelec spaces.Extensions to multiple pole dispersive media are presented also.


In this study, a simulation modeling procedure for a retail store was proposed to find the optimal number of clerks based on operation types, operation frequency, and staffing schedule. First, all required data for staffing problems were collected and work loading was performed during each 24-hour period. Then, integer programming was used to obtain an initial feasible solution. Finally, simulation experiments were performed together using OptQuest, and optimal solutions were obtained. The proposed procedure was applied to the actual case. It was found that the staffing problems can be solved easily and effectively.


In 2016, Nobel laureate James Watson was asked to lend his name to a cutting-edge research center in Shenzhen, China. He agreed, as long as he retained some control over the Chinese-led venture. But now he9s having second thoughts. He isn9t sure enough funding will materialize, and the research agenda—which he wanted to focus on cancer drug discovery and basic research—seems to be veering away from his expectations. The institute9s chief backer, a company with real estate holdings in the United States and China, insists that the project is going forward—and that it will get government funding.


Diversity-focused research can provide important insights about gender/sex and sexual diversity, including in relation to oppression and privilege. To do so, it needs to critically engage with power and include minoritized and majoritized participants. But, the critical methods guiding this are typically aimed at empowering marginalized groups and may "overempower" majority participants. Here, we discuss three diversity-focused research projects about gender/sex and sexual diversity where our use of critical methods overempowered majority participants in ways that reinforced their privilege. We detail how diversity-focused research approaches thus need to be "majority-situating": attending to and managing the privilege and power that majority participants carry to research. Yet, we also lay out how diversity-focused research still needs to be "minority-inclusive": validating, welcoming, and empowering to people from marginalized social locations. We discuss these approaches working synergistically; minority-inclusive methods can also be majority-situating, providing majorities with opportunities for growth, learning, and seeing that they—and not just "others"—are socially situated. We conclude by laying out what a diversity-focused research program might look like that includes both majority-situating and minority-inclusive approaches, to work towards a more just and empirical scholarship that does not lead to majorities who are even more overempowered.


The study on the components and physiological function of whey soy proteins was discussed. The main attention were paid on the composition and physiological activity of soybean trypsin inhibitor and soybean agglutinin.The anticarcinogenic activity of Bowman-Birk inhibitor was touched upon especially.


In this paper, the theoretical model of surge direction spectrum is established, and the technical scheme of detecting surge is determined by analyzing and calculating. An array based MEMS pressure sensor is used to detect the surge. This paper determines the MEMS pressure sensor surge action area deployment mode according to the theoretical model. We use the LABVIEW data acquisition card to collect all point value of the pressure sensor array value. Through the analysis and processing of the pressure value of the array, the pressure change trend of surge area is obtained. The experiment shows the design is reasonable and feasible, the precision of MEMS pressure sensor is 1cm, the full range is 0.5m, the direction of surge can be obtained by phase change, and the height of the surge can be measured by the amplitude of the pressure sensor.


The implementation of instruments for carbon pricing has increased to achieve the goals set in the Paris Agreement with respect to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Brazil has already expressed its interest in using carbon pricing as a method to meet its goals. This study aims to determine the impact of the implementation of internal carbon prices on the outturn of the Brazilian power distribution sector and on the energy tariff paid by end consumers. The results of this investigation, which includes data from 31 companies and scenarios with eight reference prices, show that the net income decreases by 1% when the carbon price is US$0.4 and the energy tariff increases by 1% when the carbon price is US$4. This study contributes to the implementation of carbon pricing by the Brazilian power distribution sector and the elaboration of future energy tariff regulations by policy makers. Suggestions for future studies are provided in the conclusions.


SUMMARY Objective: To determine the borderline ovarian tumors according to clinical features, treatment methods, recurrence and survival rates. Material and methods: Twenty-five cases were included to this study. Demographic and clinical findings, surgical methods, stage of disease, recurrences and survivals were revealed from hospital records. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results: Mean age were 42.7±17.9. Most of the patients were in premenopausal (n=19, 76%). Mean tumor size were 13.44±9.37 cm (range 4-30 cm) and 16 of the patients had serous and 9 of them had musinous histologic type. Mean tumor size of serous and mucinous tumors were 9.44±6.78 cm, 20.56±9.4 cm, respectively and the difference was statisticallly significant (p=0.007). Tumor markers were elevated in 17 of the patients (68%) before the surgery. Twenty-two patients had frozen section (88%), accuracy rate of the frozen section was 90%. during surgery. Most of the patients were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) (n=12), 6 of the patients were treated with cystectomy and the others were treated with unilateral oophorectomy (USO) (n=7). Most of the cases were stage I (n=23, 92%). Recurrence of the disease was detected in 4 patients (16%) and 2 of them were treated with cystectomy and the others were treated with USO. No recurrence was detected in TAH-BSO group. Conclusions: Borderline tumors have perfect prognosis and most of the cases are premenopausal. The suggested treatment is surgical staging with TAH-BSO. Cystectomy might be chosen in young patients with fertilty desire, however, patients should be warned for high recurrence rates.


Effects of activated slip systems, rolling direction and chemical composition on cold-rolling behaviours were investigated in Ti.Ai single crystals containing 25.0at"/• Al and 33.0at'/. Al with the DO** structure. Work-hardening and deformability of Ti.A] depended strongly on the operative slip systems. When the rolling axis and rolling plane was controlled to operate dominantly prism sli p of {1 O1O} 21 0>, Ti-25.0at'/•Al singie crystals could be cold-rolled to about 60"/. reduction in thickness accompanied by gradual work hardening. Howeve!, activation of slips on (OOO1) and {1121} pyramidal planes induced strong work-hardening resulting in poor ductility. Deformability of Ti.AI was influenced by chemical composition and the best deformability was obtained at the stoichiometric composition. Annealing after heavy cold-rolling resulted in the occurrence of polygonisation. A Ti.AI sheet was obtained by a thermo-mechanical process combining cold-rolling with annealing,


Financial development has been identified as main drivers of economic growth. However, empirical probe of this nexus remains inconclusiveness due use of an inappropriate proxy by previous studies, and the inability of previous studies to consider globalization in this nexus. To this end, we probe the finance-growth nexus in the presence of globalization by applying the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to a sample of 21 countries spanning 1990–2017. The empirical results affirm the supply-leading hypothesis which indicates that financial development spur economic growth. In addition, our estimate provides evidence of a positive linear relationship between globalization and economic growth. Further, results indicate that physical capital investment plays an important role in accelerating economic performance of African economies. Based on these findings, it is important for African countries to promote globalization-financial development policies in order to have access to alternative sources of external financing and attract foreign investment that can spur growth of African countries.


(miRNAs) are a family of naturally occurring, evolutionary conserved, small (approximately 19-23 nucleotides), non-protein-coding RNA molecules that generally negatively regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs are estimated to account for >3% of all human genes and to control expression of thousands of target mRNAs, with multiple miRNAs targeting each mRNA. A role for miRNAs has been identified in both normal physiological and pathological conditions, including metabolism, proliferation, cell death, differentiation and development, insulin secretion from pancreatic ' cells, viral infection and cancer. Antisense technologies have been successfully used to control miRNA expression in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis of this interesting class of small RNAs, in normal and pathological conditions, will enable us determine their potential to be exploited as therapeutic targets in disease. Almost 30 years ago – with the identification of ribozymes – it was established that RNAs are much more complex and contribute much more actively to the dynamics of a cell than merely acting as a carrier of information between DNA and proteins, as had previously been considered. At the beginning of this century, the involvement of "small RNAs" regulating gene expression was described (1-3). Small RNAs are a family of regulatory non-coding RNAs of 14-28 nucleotides in length, derived from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This family includes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), repeat associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which have been identified as key components of an evolutionary-conserved system of RNA-based regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes (4). These small RNAs are distinguished by their origins, rather than their function (5). [A comprehensive review of all small RNAs is beyond the space limitations of this manuscript which is focussed on miRNAs – for reviews of other small RNAs see: (6-8)]. MicroRNAs The first endogenous small RNAs to be discovered were miRNAs (7). miRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide long, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that bind to partially complementary sequences within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs and generally negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, although at least one human miRNA has recently been found to act positively on gene expression, i.e., miR-122 enhances replication of hepatitis C virus (5). Mammalian miRNAs are described using the prefix mir, followed by a number, while miRNAs originally identified in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) are denoted by the prefix lin or let (9). Each miRNA apparently regulates multiple genes and hundreds of miRNA genes are predicted to be present in …


Larger as compared with smaller television stations devote a smaller percentage of news space to local news while giving more attention to national and world events. A content analysis of tapes or scripts from 14 stations located in Michigan and Oregon also reveals more emphasis on state and regional news by smaller stations. These findings are compared with similar findings from studies of newspapers.


Burrows (1979) and Currie (1981) used a method based on recursive integration to calculate the percentage points of Greenwood's statistic for sample sizes up to 20. This paper presents a similar technique applied to the distribution of Moran's statistic and provides a table of the percentage points obtained.


Proton-exchanged Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ planar waveguides formed using phosphoric acid were characterized optically. The refractive index profile and the diffusion parameters were studied systematically. These waveguides have propagation losses of less than 1 dB/cm and exhibit properties that are different from those obtained using benzoic acid. The index profile is not a simple step function and can be modeled accurately by a polynomial expression. A maximum surface index increase of 0.145 was measured at a 0.633- mu m wavelength. The diffusion constant D/sub 0/ and the activation energy Q for the proton-exchange process using this acid were found to be 6.43*10/sup 8/ mu m/sup 2//h and 82.91 kJ/mol, respectively. The annealing properties of these waveguides were also established, and the effects of annealing on surface index change and waveguide depth increase were found to follow a power-law relationship. >


Abstract A simple computer model based on chemical equilibrium calculation for evaluating the aluminum speciation in surface waters of low ionic strength (I < 1 × 10−4 M) was presented in this paper. The speciations of aluminum obtained by this model have been compared with those obtained experimentally and the reasons for the observed differences have been discussed. This model has been applied to the estimation of aluminum speciation in practical surface waters sampling from areas of the United Kingdom, United States and People's Republic of China. Some valuable conclusions are obtained.


The electronic and structural properties of hexagonal-close-packed titanium and zirconium are determined from self-consistent linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) calculations within the framework of the local-density-functional approximation (LDA). The equilibrium lattice parameters, bulk moduli, Poisson's ratios, and cohesive energies are obtained from the total energies calculated as functions of the a and c lattice parameters. As found in other LDA calculations, the cohesive energies are overestimated compared to experiment, but otherwise generally good agreement with experiment is obtained. The uncertainty in the results due to the particular choice of the LDA exchange-correlation potential is also examined by performing parallel calculations using the Kohn-Sham-Gaspar X..cap alpha.. (..cap alpha.. = (2/3) exchange-only potential. We find that these calculations yield equilibrium volumes which differ by 6--8 % (with the X..cap alpha.. results in better agreement with experiment) with proportional differences in other structural properties, which we take to be an indication of the intrinsic reliability of the LDA.


Clustering algorithms are used in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. They have proven to be popular and effective tools to use to discover groups of similar linguistic items. In this exploratory paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm to automatically cluster together similar sentences based on the sentences' part-of- speech syntax. The algorithm generates and merges together the clusters using a syntactic similarity metric based on a hierarchical organization of the parts-of-speech. We demonstrate the features of this algorithm by implementing it in a question type classification system, in order to determine the positive or negative impact of different changes to the algorithm. Index Terms—natural language processing, Part-of-speech, clustering


In this paper,the anti-homomorphism is defined from a magma to another magma.The computations were studied,which are about anti-homomorphism,the anti-homomorphism and homomorphism.And the relations were studied,which are about the anti-homomorphism and commutative law,associative law of the magmas.


The service life of durable pavement markings was evaluated over a period of nearly 4 years. The evaluation included 85 study sites in 19 states at which a total of 362 longitudinal pavement marking lines (edgelines, centerlines, and lane lines) were installed. Marking materials included epoxy, flat and profiled polyester, flat and profiled poly(methyl methacrylate), flat and profiled thermoplastic, and profiled preformed tape; glass beads; and standard and snow-plowable raised retroreflective pavement markers. One site with conventional paint markings and three sites with waterborne paint markings were included for comparison. The service life of marking materials and roadway types was modeled as a function of time and cumulative traffic passages. Regression modeling identified large variations in the shape of the relationship for identical materials and types of lines between different sites within a given state and required that modeling be done separately for each pavement marking line at each study site. Variations in service life can be attributed to roadway type, region of the country where the markings were installed (e.g., weather conditions, manufacturers of marking materials and glass beads, and individual state highway agencies), marking specifications, contractors installing the markings, quality control at the time of installation, and winter maintenance snow removal policies.


Kraft lignin valorization is the cornerstone for the establishment of biorefineries based on residual fractions from the pulping processes. From the precipitation process to depolymerization, various strategies have emerged, all focused on obtaining high yields or higher purity monomers. The strategy used in this study was to modify the structure of the precipitated Kraft lignin with different oxidative enzymatic treatments, with the purpose of facilitating subsequent catalytic depolymerization. The treatments were performed with different concentrations of lacasse and mediator, and then lignin structure and chemical composition were analyzed to find the optimal treatment for depolymerization. Chemometric methods based on infrared signals were used as fast tools to reduce the complexity of the chemical information generated from lignin characterization, and were therefore used to distinguish the most appropriate chemoenzymatic treatment. The results of the chemical catalysis showed higher conversion yields of the Kraft lignin after the enzymatic process than after using only chemical catalysis. The primary compounds obtained were catechol and its derivatives, thus validating its selection by means of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. In conclusion, it was possible to choose a straightforward chemoenzymatic process that improves the conversion of the Kraft lignin to aromatic compounds with the help of non‐destructive, low‐cost, and fast tools. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Although sociologists have developed and tested numerous theories about suicide, economists have not analyzed this phenomenon. We derive an economic theory of suicide and test its implications using: (1) data by age in many developed countries; (2) a time series, 1947-67, by age group in the United States; (3) a cross section by state and age group in 1960. Most of our predictions are verified. Particularly striking are the response to unemployment, as strong in the postwar period as in the Depression and stronger among older individuals, and the negative effect of increased permanent incomes among all but the youngest age group, a result found in both the time series and the cross section.


The authors have earlier presented a report on the influence of thermal treatment on the hardening or softening of steels subjected to cyclic plastic deformation. Their findings were: (1) the formation of an unstable phase (residual austenite) in the course of treatment produced by external hardening of steel subjected to cyclic plastic deformations; (2) the formation of stable phases in the course of treatment by wetting or tempering generally causes a softening corresponding to a reduction in the elastic limit; (3) the wetted state leads too often to a substantial cyclic hardening; (4) for those steels where the tensile curve is graduated in stages the phenomenon disappears. The paper showed that it is possible to predict correctly the thermal behaviour (hardening or softening) of steel alloys subjected to cyclic plastic deformation with the aid of tensile characteristics. With the aid of deformation tests applied up to failure point, it has been determined for the different alloys that in the field of oligocyclic fatigue the laws of behaviour link the amplitudes of plastic deformation and elasticity to the life span of the material. The authors show that plastic deformation is proportional to the extension and that elastic laws may be placed in the same order as the lengthening, while the "elastic" deformation is proportional to the mechanical strengths. To estimate the parameters of resistance to cyclic deformation, a method of prediction is proposed which makes it possible to trace with a high degree of accuracy the "elastic" and "plastic" laws, using only the parameters measured on the tensile curve. (TRRL)


SUMMARY We have developed a model of haemodynamic cerebral ischaemia by inducing haemorrhagichypotension (40-50 mmHg mean blood pressure) following unilateral common carotid occlusion, withexternal carotid ligation, in anaesthetised rats. The neuropathological pattern of ischaemic brain damagewas correlated with the distribution of change in cerebral blood flow usin l4 C-iodoantypyring the e autora-diographic technique. Whereas hypotension alone (40-50 mmHg) resulted in neither ischaemic braindamage nor significant alterations in cerebral blood flow, the combination of this degree of hypotension withunilateral carotid occlusion produced predominantly unilateral ischaemic brain damage which correlatedwith regions of reduced cerebral blood flow. With this type of haemodynamlcally induced oligaemia, themost vulnerable areas were the lateral neocortex, the caudate nucleus, the hippocampus and the thalamus.Within the cortex, the greatest reductions in blood flow occurred in the deeper cortical layers, and this wasthe most frequent site of ischaemic cell change. These data support the concept of a haemodynamicmechanism in the pathogenesis of some transient cerebral ischaemic attacks in man.Stroke Vol 15, No 4. 1984


Abstract: This paper looks at the convergence between business-information networks and those associated with digital mass media in light of the proposition that the digital networks represent the core medium of globalization. It looks at the new business-organization paradigm of virtuality associated with globalized digitized business and interprets this in light of communication theory, building especially on the legacy of Harold Innis. Resume: Cet article jette un regard sur la convergence entre les reseaux d'information en affaires et ceux associes aux medias digitaux, en tenant compte de la proposition que les reseaux digitaux representent la voie centrale de la mondialisation. L'article examine le nouveau paradigme organisationnel qui postule un monde virtuel resultant des affaires digitales mondialisees, et interprete ce paradigme au moyen de theories en communication, se fondant particulierement sur l'heritage d'Harold Innis.


Heavy quarks are good probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions since they are mainly generated early in the collision and interact with the medium in all collision stages. In addition, heavy flavor quarkonia production is thought to be uniquely sensitive to the deconfined medium of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) through color screening. Heavy quark production has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC via measurements of single leptons from semi-leptonic decays, in both the electron channel at mid-rapidity and in the muon channel at forward rapidity. Large suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of single electrons have been observed in Au+Au collisions at GeV. These results suggest a large energy loss and strong flow of the heavy quarks in the hot, dense matter. The PHENIX experiment has also measured J/ψ production in p + p, d+Au, Cu+Cu, and Au+Au collisions at energies up to GeV. In central Au+Au at 200 GeV, more suppression is observed at forward rapidity than at central rapidity. This can be interpreted either as a sign of quark recombination, or as a hint of additional cold nuclear matter effects. Selected PHENIX results on open heavy flavor and heavy quarkonia production in p + p, d + Au, Cu+Cu, and Au+Au collisions are presented. The status of the recent PHENIX upgrade of the central Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) and its performance are elucidated.


: Organizational climate is known as the perception of employees' concerning their organizations, which could lead to emotional reactions and consequently influences employees' behaviour. This paper intends to explore the relationship between organizational climate and employees' wellbeing within the academia of Balochistan. While more, this study also identifies social undermining as a mediator between the association of organizational climate and wellbeing. Data was collected from 413 sample of Professors, Assistant Professors, and Lecturers from private and public sector universities of Balochistan. The sampling technique applied to collect the data was Non-probability sampling in the cross-sectional timeframe. To test the data descriptive and inferential statistical tools have been applied. Statistical software (Process Macro) was used to find the effect of mediating variable (social undermining) between the association of organizational climate and employees' wellbeing. Results of correlation showed that organizational climate and wellbeing positively and significantly linked with each other. While more, organizational climate effect 37% on employees' wellbeing. Social undermining mediates the relationship between organizational climate and employees' wellbeing. The results suggested that perceiving a positive organizational climate increases the wellbeing of the employees'. This research also suggested that the relationship between organizational climate and employees' wellbeing decreases in the presence of social undermining between these relationships.


the Communist reading of deportation from that of the camp survivor David Rousset, who invented the term "concentrationary universe" in his L'Univers concentrationnaire (Paris, 1946). Nord's second originality is to pay careful attention to the dialogues between Catholic and Jewish intellectuals in the decades after the war. His analysis of the anguished debates between Catholics like Jacques Maritain, François Mauriac, and Michel Riquet and Jewish writers like Elie Wiesel and Jules Isaac is one of the most illuminating features of this book. Although Maritain's attempt to incorporate the Holocaust into a Christian salvific framework—a sacrifice that was also part of humanity's struggle to redemption—was unacceptable to Jewish spokesmen, it did at least help to open a debate about the meaning of the Holocaust. Thirdly, Nord examines the debates about how to represent the deportation experience in literature, film, and painting, and how to memorialize it in monuments. Nord offers subtle analyses of the gestation, conception, and symbolic meanings of several key monuments, such as the Struthof Monument in Alsace and the Deportation Memorial on the Ile de la Cité in Paris. In regard to the Mémorial du Marty Juif inconnu (now the Mémorial de la Shoah), he shows that even though the monument had universalizing aspirations—part of French Jews' desire to show that they belonged to the national community—this perspective must not blind us to the "affirmative Jewishness of the tomb" (185). This rich, nuanced, and often moving book uses a wide range of sources and methods—literary criticism, art history, and an analysis of philosophical debates—to make a major contribution to our understanding of how the French have remembered one of the most painful periods in their history.


Land subsidence caused by mining activities is an example of human transformation of the natural environment and leads to changes in land use. The study covers an area of 958 ha in the Silesian Upland, southern Poland. Records from the period 1890–1990 document the presence of subsidence effects in 82.9% of the study area and the maximum displacement figure is more than 30 m which translates to an average rate of 0.3 m per year. It was found that subsidence basins serve as the new local erosion base and new sedimentation basins. They are filled with sediments whose level of pollution ranges from moderate to heavy and extremely heavy. Subsidence has caused a dramatic change in the local hydrology, including the quality and quantity of the water. The specifics involve: the emergence of new closed drainage catchments with a total area of 651.1 ha; an increase in the total watercourse length (from 0.9 to 5.7 km); an increase in the river network density (from 0.09 to 0.56 km km−2); a decrease in the number (from 81 to 48) and an increase in the area (from 23.8 to 58.4 ha) of lakes and ponds; an increase in the lake coverage ratio (from 2.5% to 6.1%) and in water pollution. Subsidence has limited the potential land uses, which led to a decrease in arable land from 619.0 to 122.5 ha that gave way to other land uses, including those equivalent to wasteland. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the period from 1990 to 2000 the percentage of women in the Croatian parliament did not exceed 7% a non-surprising fact considering the patriarchal and conservative auspice of the ruling ideology. Nevertheless, the parliamentary elections in 2000 created an opportunity for an ideological and power shift which enabled the feminist movement to form various national and international alliances for endorsing its agenda. The change in the electoral system, the higher district magnitude of the two strongest parties, an advocacy campaign and the regime change explain the leap to 21, 9% of parliamentary seats occupied by women in 2000. Although the path for the institutionalization of gender equality was opened from this point on, the quotas were introduced on the national level in 2008. Yet, for more than a decade the number of women stagnates around 20%. The monitoring of the affirmative policy measures detected several deficiencies in their formulation and implementation: they are unclearly defined, lacking stronger punitive actions towards violators as well as a zipper system or other reinforcing mechanisms. The situation is additionally aggravated due to the unclear and complex institutional division of responsibility for implementation, evaluation and monitoring. The presentation will elaborate in more detail on the process of adoption and formulation of gender quotas, identify the main problems in their implementation, offer possible recommendations for improvement and discuss their limits in the context of Croatia. INTRODUCTION The presentation focuses on specific measures, in this case gender quotas, designed to tackle the problem of unbalanced participation of women and men in political decision making. Their adoption and formulation, as well as the main problems in implementation will be observed for the period from 1990 to 2014 in Croatia. The findings and analysis builds mainly on the recently published book by Deželan, Pešut, Siročić, Fink-Hafner, Sutlović, Krašovec, Vasiljević and Velić (2013) Levelling the Playing Field: Monitoring Croatian policies to promote gender equality in politics, triangulated with the data from the public opinion survey Women in Croatian Politics (2003, 2007 and 2011), other relevant secondary literature and archive on women's movement. Having in mind that the transitional period from 1990 to 2000 marks an exceptionally unfavourable political and social context, the low percentages of women in institutionalised politics does not represent a particularly puzzling situation. Namely, Croatian 'triple transition' occurring during the 1990s is characterized by the war period (1991-1995) and the dominance of the authoritarian and nationalistic regime promoting conservative roles of women. In that context, the basic three


Growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the key drivers of economic growth and development in Africa. While this has become a widely accepted idea, access to financing for growth remains a stumbling block for many enterprises in Zambia. Traditional lenders (i.e. banks) are risk averse because they may not understand the SME market and have been negatively impacted by information asymmetry that is often associated with these ventures. As a result, they tend to charge exorbitant interest rates that are unsustainable for long-term growth. The existing focus of many microfinance institutions in Zambia is typically directed towards salaried employees which crowds out lending to SMEs. Private equity financing, on the other hand, presents an alternative solution to the long-term financing dilemma faced by enterprises. The Zambian private equity market is itself in a nascent space but shows much potential. This dissertation seeks to determine what drives private equity financing in Zambia and what constrains it. The dissertation adopts a qualitative research approach relying on the interviews of various Fund Managers who are familiar with investing in Zambia. The paper finds that private equity investment in Zambia is determined and catalysed broadly by business attractiveness and the business environment. Business attractiveness is underpinned by management capacity, the business track record, exits and returns, impact potential and business scalability. The business environment is driven by political stability, GDP growth and population growth. The sector is however, constrained by a less developed private equity culture, limited opportunities to invest and currency risk.


We consider discrete sine-Gordon equation on branched domains. The latter is modeled in terms of the metric graphs with discrete bonds having the form of the branched 1D chains. Exact analytical solutions of the problem are obtained for special case of the constraints given in terms of a simple sum rule. Numerical solution is obtained when the constraint is not fulfilled. A simple model of a Josephson junction network is proposed using the obtained results.


Tests show that Gold-Copper-Nickel alloy is compatible with ammonia systems. Joining tubes by brazing has advantages such as reducing chances of excessive grain growth in base metal, saving weight, and cleanliness.


In this paper, a new precision forming technology is put forward, which combines pre-forging by separable cavity die extrusion-belt type obliterated extrusion with post-forging. It aims at the forming of car steering knuckle, which is a kind of complex branch-like forged piece. The experiment results and numerical simulation results of separable cavity die obturated extrusion are obtained. Then the important conclusion that the new technology can reduce equipment tonnage and increase the utilization ratio of material is educed.


(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this A polymeric composition to be used in producing foam in patent is extended or adjusted under 35 which the polymeric composition comprises conventional U.S.C. 154(b) by 104 days. linear polypropylene, high melt Strength polypropylene and a rheology modifier resin. The conventional linear polypro (21) Appl. No.: 10/766,153 pylene is in an amount of from about 1 to 25 weight percent of the polymeric composition. The high melt Strength (22) Filed: Jan. 28, 2004 polypropylene is in the amount of from about 51 to 85 O O weight percent of the polymeric composition. The rheology (65) Prior Publication Data modifier resin is in the amount of from 5 to about 30 weight US 2005/0165165 A1 Jul. 28, 2005 percent of the polymeric composition. The conventional


SCA type 6 in 20.0%, ADCA linked to chromosome 16q22.1 in 10.0%, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy in 4.4%, SCA type 1 in 1.1% and SCA type 2 in 1.1%. SCA type 3 was highly prevalent in the Toyama prefecture of the Hokuriku district, particularly in the Gosei area (the western part of Toyama prefecture), with a prevalence of 19.1 per 100,000 people [10] , which is very similar to the prevalence in the Azorean islands, Portugal (27.8 per 100,000 people) [11] . Several insights might be offered by this study. First, SCA 3 or Machado-Joseph disease is the most common type of SCA worldwide, and Japan and Portugal are no exceptions. This finding can be partially accounted for by historical events, as a result of the Portuguese emigration during the navigation era. However, in 2007 Martins et al. [12] studied the worldwide-spread mutational event in SCA type 3, and concluded that the worldwide-spread mutation may have first occurred in Asia, later extending to Europe, beginning in Portugal. A more recent SCA 3 lineage would be explained by later Portuguese emigration. Further haplotype studies could probably help to explain the high prevalence of SCA 3 in the Gosei area in Japan. Another important piece of information from the study of Shibata-Hamaguchi et al. [10] is the high prevalence of MSA in Japan, which in this study was the second most common form of SCD. MSA is considered to be an adult-onset sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disease, and neuropathologically is termed as an alpha-synucleinopathy [13] . In MSA, a family history of ataxia or parkinsonism is defined as a non-supporting feature or 'red flag' for alternative diagnoses [13] . This subject has recently been put into question after Hara et al. [14] reported 4 multiplex families with typical MSA, findings suggestive of the presence of the familial form of MSA with autosomal-recessive inheritance. This is an interesting new thought about the molecular pathways leading to degeneration in MSA, and the findings of Shibata-Hamaguchi [10] could shed further light onto this issue. Spinocerebellar degenerations (SCD) comprise a group of heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disorders, which affect the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent connections. SCD can be divided into: autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA), currently designed as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA); autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA); X-linked cerebellar ataxias; mitochondrially inherited ataxias; and non-genetic ataxias (sporadic idiopathic cerebellar ataxias); including the cerebellar form of multiple system atrophy (MSA), with olivopontocerebellar atrophy; and idiopathic late onset cerebellar ataxias (also known as idiopathic sporadic cerebellar ataxia or sporadic adultonset ataxia of unknown etiology), encompassing sporadic cortical cerebellar atrophy [1–5] . Differences in frequency of SCD have been reported around the world, particularly in Japan, where MSA accounts for 40% and SCA and ARCA (together) for 30% of the cases [6] . These findings have been confirmed in epidemiological studies from Japan, showing that MSA is the most common type of sporadic cerebellar ataxia [7] . In 2007, Basri et al. [8] studied the prevalence of ADCA subtypes in Hokkaido (the northern island of Japan) in 113 Japanese families, and showed that 31% of the cases had a molecular diagnosis of SCA type 6, followed by 27% with SCA type 3 (Machado-Joseph disease), 10% with SCA type 1 and 9% with 16q-ADCA. The other subtypes were dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (4%), SCA 2 (4%) and SCA 14 (1%). The remaining 14% had negative findings and were labeled 'ADCA of unknown etiology'. From a wider perspective, in 2004 Schöls et al. [9] published a seminal paper where SCA type 3 was found to be the commonest ADCA subtype worldwide. The other SCA, including types 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, have a prevalence of around 2%, and the remaining SCA account for less than 1%. In this issue of Neuroepidemiology , Shibata-Hamaguchi et al. [10] published a very interesting study regarding the prevalence of SCD in the Hokuriki district, Japan. The authors found that ADCA represented 40.4% of all cases, MSA 24.7%, cortical cerebellar atrophy 13.3% and ARCA only 0.3% of the cases. Among ADCA, SCA type 3 was found in 63.3%, Published online: January 24, 2009


Unknown surface material classification (SMC) can inform a robot about material properties, enabling it to interact with environments appropriately. Recent research has leveraged multimodal data using deep learning to improve the performance of SMC. In this article, we present a deep learning model, multimodal temporal convolutional neural network (MTCNN), which integrates energy spectrum, dilated convolutions, and sequence poolings into a unified network architecture. The proposed model can learn material representations from auditory and multitactile (i.e., acceleration, normal force, and friction force) data generated by dragging a tool along surfaces, and distinguish unknown object surface materials into categories. For surface material data collection, a tool is also designed to detect different object surfaces. The performance of MTCNN is evaluated on a public dataset and the highest classification accuracy is 87.55%. A robotic curling example is provided to illustrate how the presented model helps the robot in manipulation.


As part of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, we have developed a discharge model that routes daily discharge waves released from Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek, 386 km downstream. Owing to the length of the diurnal discharge wave and the sparseness of the available topographic data, the latter were averaged over the entire length of the system. Terms too small to be significant in the momentum equation were identified by scaling arguments based on data from past dam releases and on channel hydraulic geometry. Channel friction results primarily from form drag on large topographic elements and from variations in cross-sectional area and flow depth, rather than bed roughness, producing a stage-dependent friction that is not well represented by a constant value of standard channel roughness parameters, such as Manning's n. Channel friction as a function of stage was determined from field data available at high discharge (792 m3/s) and intermediate discharge (425 m3/s) and by using simple kinematic wave theory together with wave speed measurements to determine channel friction at low discharge (about 142 m3/s). Model predictions of wave speed and shape agree well with data from five streamflow gaging stations and 42 stage gaging stations located along this segment of the Colorado River.


The present work is a part of a project on the environmental site assessment of a local petroleum refinery to evaluate the extent of pollution of the site with focus on selected places of potential pollution. Soil samples were collected at various depths from almost all locations including: production units, storage tanks, the landfill lagoons at the outside boarder of the refinery and the residence location. The analyses of vanadium, nickel and lead were carried out on extracts of the soil samples made by five different dilute solutions of acetic acid, nitric acid, calcium chloride, EDTA. The nature of the solvent is a determining factor in the efficiency of transport of heavy metals from the soil into the solution. All of the measurements were conducted by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was concluded that heavy metals are available even for the weakest extracting solvent. This was an indication on the nature of the V, Ni and Pb, where they are in inorganic forms due to the degradation by the microorganisms of the soil and aided by dozens of raining seasons and severe hot summers of Iraq. However the soil keeps some of the heavy metals in the original organo-metallic nature which resulted in only partial extraction of these metals with the solutions employed. Thus, the danger from these metals is limited due to their insolubility in water. The range of vanadium detected in the various extracts is ; for nickel, the range was and for lead the concentration range was . The V contents were in the range of 0.01 - 0.37 mg/Kg. The Ni content ranged between 0.06 and 4.5 mg/Kg. The range of Pb contents obtained was in the range of 0.025 - 22.5 mg/Kg. The V and Ni concentration s at the deep soil samples were less than that of the surface samples in most locations. Meanwhile, the penetration of lead contamination seems easier than V and Ni.


This paper presents an on-line robust model-based approach for the detection and isolation (FDI) of additive faults in linear dynamical systems. The generation of residual signals (faults indicators) is done based on analytical approaches: parity equations and adaptive output observers. Residuals evaluation is done based on the cumulative sum change detection algorithm and a fuzzy knowledge-based decision system in order to achieve robustness. The main contributions of the paper are: a) the integration of classical and intelligent techniques in order to increase the performance and robustness of the FDI system; b) the detection of faults in the transient state of the residuals. The proposed approach is applied to a model of the three-tank benchmark - a typical nonlinear feed-water system.


Dimethylaminobis(trifluoromethyl)borane, (CF3)2BNMe2 (A), reacts with Cl(CH2)3CN to yield [Cl(CH2)2CH(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2 (1) whereas Br(CH2)3CN and A combine in a 1:2 ratio to form [cyclo-C3H4(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2 (2) and Br(CF3)2B·NHMe2. Br(CH2)nCN and A yield [Br(CH2)n-1 CH-(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2, n=4 (3), n=5 (4) and n=6 (5). Compound 2 and (NCCH2)CF3)2B·NHMe2 can be alkylated at nitrogen with CH3I/KOH in ether to yield [cyclo-C3H4(CN)]-(CF3)2B·NMe3 (6) and (NCCH2)(CF3)2B·NMe3 (7), respectively. treatment of 1 and 3 with hydroxide in ether gives the respective five- and six-membered heterocycles (CF3)2 (8) and (9). Reduction of the nitrile group with (iBu)2Alh in CH2Cl2 at –50°C followed by hydrolysis furnishes the corresponding aldehydes (OCHCH2) (CF3)2B·NMe3 (10), [cyclo-C3H4(CHO)](CF3)2B·NMe3 (11) and (12). The structure of 2 was determined by an X-ray investigation.


One of the great things about the Pre-Raphaelites' list of the 'Immortals' is its youthful indulgence and eclecticism. You get a star if you're not too bad and in the list (for example Tennyson, who hadn't written enough by 1848, it seems); you get two stars if you're even better (Thackeray, of all people); three if your immortality is pretty much assured (The Author of Job and Shakespeare, two unlikely bedfellows), and four if you're, wait for it, Jesus. The list reads comically now because of its bizarre pairings of the greats; Pheidas with 'Early Gothic Artists', Patmore (one star) with Raphael (one star), and best of all, 'Mrs Browning' (one star) with Joan of Arc (no stars, alas, but then again, she was French). And there are the now-nearly-forgotten Immortals who represent a certain house of fashion in 1848:Flaxman, Haydon, Hood. I like this list for its hierarchies and its taxonomies, its sense of assertive, flagrant and clashing tastes and prejudices. It's so much more enlivening compared to that much later statistical drawing which places novelists in a room and sizes them according to their publishing success. Indeed, to revisit the pre-Raphaelite 'Who's In' for 1848was just one of the many pleasures in a book which itself has a lively, learned and scholarly eclectism, an academic study which wears its subtle taste and substantial knowledge lightly, which is, like a Holman Hunt canvas or Pugin woodblock, beautifully crafted, and from which any student of the nineteenth century plastic and visual arts would learn a great deal. None of this is to say, however, that Jonah Siegel's Desire and Excess is really about desire and excess, for it isn't. Rather, Siegel takes us on a painterly journey through the developing culture of artefact and museum, as it develops, and as it is enriched by literary interventions from Blake and Wilde. The main emphasis from this author, whose training is in literature, is not literary, and yet he does a marvellous job in combining the visual arts with the written word, demonstrating how interdisciplinary study is not an invention of the modern bureaucratic classroom, but a crucial part of nineteenth-century cultural endeavour. Even though there is a rough chronology of subjects (David, Fuseli, Blake, Hazlitt, Scott, Keats, Ruskin, Pater, Wilde all male, which says a great deal about the selfassertive dominance of museo-literary culture by men), this study ranges forwards and backwards in intelligent and productive ways. Siegel is wonderful in seeing connections, currents, and otherwise hidden symbioses of author and painter, sculptor


Intraspecific agonistic behaviour was investigated by means of staged encounters in Gerbillurus paeba paeba, G. p. exilis, G. tytonis, G. setzeri and G. vallinus.

Four groups of behaviour were identified by motivational analysis: i.e. "exploratory and solitary", "aggressive", "submissive", and "sexual" behaviour. Frequencies of acts and levels of interaction differed among species and sexes.

Cluster analysis of behaviour data revealed three clusters which agree partially with the karyology and taxonomy of the genus. G. p. paeba and G. tytonis were very aggressive and highly active; female G. p. exilis and G. setzeri less so; while male G. p. exilis and G. vallinus were least aggressive and active, performing more contact-promoting behaviour than other species. A range of social types is exhibited from solitary (G. p. paeba and G. tytonis) through semi-tolerant (G. setzeri and female G. p. exilis) to tolerant (male G. p. exilis and G. vallinus).


The paper examines existing problems of inclusion and ways to overcome them in the context of a blended learning environment. The survey was conducted among 74 students with disabilities (7th and 8th years of study) in several schools in Samara, Russian Federation. The authors revealed a strong satisfaction with the blended learning program, as well as a number of related barriers that prevent children from receiving a secondary education. The recommended activities included: implementation of digital learning for these children, starting from preschool education; improving the ethical and professional skills of teachers who work with students with disabilities; engaging parents in the learning process, etc. The paper can be used as a prototype for the implementation of similar blended learning programs in schools for children with disabilities, as well as in future research on the digitization of inclusive education in Russia.
Keywords: barriers, blended learning environment, children with disabilities, disabilities, learning.


The utility model relates to a transducer for measuring static pressure, pressure difference and temperature simultaneously. The utility model is characterized in that a housing is sheathed with a high and low pressure guiding nozzle. An internal cavity constituted by connecting the housing and a front cover and a rear cover is provided with a temperature measuring element, a low pressure cavity end cap, a pressure difference electric resistance strain gauge, a pressure difference elastic membrane, a pressure difference E-shaped block, a high pressure cavity end cap, a high pressure elastic membrane, a static pressure electric resistance strain gauge, a circuit board, a display, and a connecting terminal board. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, small size, low cost, many functions, and excellent performance, and can simultaneously measure the static pressure parameter, the pressure difference parameter and the temperature parameter.


In this work, a novel light source of tandem InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple quantum well electroabsoption modulator( EAM ) monolithically integrated with distributed feedback laser is fabricated by ultra-low-pressure ( 22 x 10(2) Pa ) selective area growth metal-organic chemical vapor diposition technique. Superior device performances have been obtained, such as low threshold current of 19 mA, output light power of 4.5 mW, and over 20 dB extinction ratio at 5 V applied voltage when coupled into a single mode fiber. Over 10 GHz 3dB bandwidth in EAM part is developed with a driving voltage of 2 V. Using this sinusoidal voltage driven integrated device, 10 GHz repetition rate pulse with an actual width of 13.7 ps without any compression elements is obtained due to the gate operation effect of tandem EAMs.


Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a highly polymorphic isoform of CYP2A subfamily. Our previous kinetic study on four CYP2A6 allelic variants (CYP2A6*15, CYP2A6*16, CYP2A6*21 and CYP2A6*22) have unveiled the functional significance of sequence mutations in these variants on coumarin 7-hydroxylation activity. In the present study, we further explored the ability of a typical CYP2A6 inhibitor, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), in inhibition of these alleles and we hypothesized that translational mutations in these variants are likely to give impact on 8-MOP inhibitory potency. The CYP2A6 variant and the wild type proteins were subjected to 8-MOP inhibition to yield IC50 values. In general, a similar trend of change in the IC50 and Km values was noted among the four mutants towards coumarin oxidation. With the exception of CYP2A6*16, differences in IC50 values were highly significant which implied compromised interaction of the mutants with 8-MOP. Molecular models of CYP2A6 were subsequently constructed and ligand-docking experiments were performed to rationalize experimental data. Our docking study has shown that mutations have induced enlargement of the active site volume in all mutants with the exception of CYP2A6*16. Furthermore, loss of hydrogen bond between 8-MOP and active site residue Asn297 was evidenced in all mutants. Our data indicate that the structural changes elicited by the sequence mutations could affect 8-MOP binding to yield differential enzymatic activities in the mutant CYP2A6 proteins.


A two-step reduction of Zn(II) ions at the dropping mercury electrode in 1 M NaClO 4 /0.001 M HClO 4 in the presence of N , N' -dialkylthioureas was examined in wide potential and frequency ranges, using the impedance method. The rate constant of the first electron transfer increases with increasing concentration of N , N' -dialkylthioureas, whereas that of the second electron transfer depends largely on the double layer effects, particularly, on the orientation of molecules on the electrode surface.


League, Thinking Globally, Thriving Locally: What the Public Sector Should Do To Help The Greater Twin Cities Region Prosper. The prospelity we have enjoyed until now was in part the result of unique and favorable circumstances. Other urban regions in the U.S. and abroad are striving to be competitive. Their gains are not infrequently outpacing our own. That means that companies, individuals and government will have to work harder than they have in recent decades if the Twin Cities is to prosper in the future.


The MitraClip® has increasing use for severe, high surgical risk mitral regurgitation (MR). The MitraClip® is implanted percutaneously across the interatrial septum. Given the large diameter of the device delivery system, the femoral vein is the best option for central venous access. This is the first reported case of successful MitraClip® implantation through a chronically occluded IVC filter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract The goal of this paper is to propose a testing procedure for selected intrusion prevention systems (IPS) in a realistic network traffic in terms of their suitability on a given hardware microcomputers for low-performance devices for internet of things (IoT). We perform an IPS research in terms of resource usage in order to establish a universal procedure of checking, whether a given microcomputer controlling IoT devices (often in overloaded state) can additionally burden the installation and start-up of IPS. The experiment is repeated on several boards under overload condition to determine the maximum data rate, above which transmission degrades. The presented testing method is an exemplary tool for IoT applications concerning the security of embedded devices with low performance.


Programming-language research has introduced a considerable number of advanceddispatching mechanisms in order to improve modularity. Advanced-dispatching mechanisms
allow changing the behavior of a function without modifying their call site and thus make the local behavior of code less comprehensible. Debuggers are tools, thus needed, which
can help a developer to comprehend program behavior but current debuggers do not provide inspection of advanced-dispatching-related language constructs. This thesis presents a debugger which extends a traditional Java debugger with the ability of debugging on an extended debugger architecture that preserves advanced-dispatching language constructs and a user interface for inspecting this


An attempt is made to determine the full costs associated with the production of coal in Appalachia by considering external (social) costs. The first of these broad areas involves the establishment of basic demand and supply relationships in the Appalachian coal industry. It is clearly necessary to have these data so that when social costs are quantified in other segments of the study it will be possible to specify some to the impacts of alternative policies which seek to internalize or eliminate these costs in terms of prices, outputs, employment levels, and other important economic variables. A second broad area of inquiry involves estimation of the human capital costs associated with mining activity. The methodology here is rather clear-cut, as is the application of the methodology to mine fatalities and mine injuries; major difficulties arise, however, in developing the data base for human capital calculations for mining related diseases, and such costs are likely to be a significant portion of total human capital cost. The third major area of interest is in the measurement of non-human damage costs. Three specific tasks have been undertaken: (1) a survey of perceptions of damage by residents of areas adjacent to strip mine activity,more » (2) a study of county income patterns to determine the effects of mine activity on the forms of income as a possible measure of the externalities associated with mining activity, and (3) a direct measurement of damages (floods, siltation, landslides, water pollution, etc.) and a costing out of these damages so that they can be compared to the costs of abatement, thus making possible benefit/cost comparisons for a variety of strip mining situations (e.g., slope, seam thickness, overburden characteristics, etc.).« less


The recognition of several patterns has been used broadly in the interpretation of geophysical data. These data are specific physical answers of geological formations. The data, usually, it contains important physical information of the geology of the which those they result and reveals significant patterns of these geological structures. Among the methods of geophysical exploration, the well logging has great application in the location and evaluation of mineral resources, as the petroleum. A great challenge that it presents is the segmentation of these profiles in zones capable to identify some standards found in the reservoirs of petroleum. For the identification of some litologies, Gama Ray profiles were used (GR), Density (RHOB) and Neutron Porosity (NPHI). This work has for objective to identify the litologies patterns through the data of well log of Namorado Field in Campos Basin (RJ). The data were given up by Agencia Nacional do Petroleo (ANP). For this work was utilized Interactive PetrophysicsTM software, which is commercialized by Schlumberger.


The invention relates to a new monomer, and a method for its preparation. where: R Can = R n can represent an integer of 1 to 20


The invention relates to a transdermal drug delivery system having a structure with two layers namely a drug storage layer and a sticking layer. The drug is stored in the drug storage layer in an over-saturated state. The matrix materials of the drug storage layer and the sticking layer are chosen from polyacrylate, polysiloxane and polyisobutylene, and are not the same material at the same time. The transdermal drug delivery system can realize the constant drug releasing.


Laser crack-free cutting of thick and dense ceramics (thickness > 10 mm, relative density ≥ 98%) by single pass which is based on continuous piercing through the work-piece was presented in this paper. With two processing stages matching with appropriate time shot for every piercing, low cycle duty, low gas pressure and other processing parameters, the crack-free internal straight or curve shape cutting of the ceramics could be obtained by CO2 laser at higher cutting speed of about 25 ∼ 30 mm/min. Combining with the analysis of the power flowing intensity and heat accumulation effects around laser spot, it is concluded that the non-equilibrium heat accumulation was inhibited effectively by the single pass laser crack-free cutting technique. For cutting of 10 mm thick Al2O3 ceramic, the total time without power flowing between the fore-piercing and the next-piercing by the technique could be ∼600 ms, which combined with ejecting of melting materials, could supply enough cooling time to inhibit the non-equilibrium heat accumulation resulting in cracks.Laser crack-free cutting of thick and dense ceramics (thickness > 10 mm, relative density ≥ 98%) by single pass which is based on continuous piercing through the work-piece was presented in this paper. With two processing stages matching with appropriate time shot for every piercing, low cycle duty, low gas pressure and other processing parameters, the crack-free internal straight or curve shape cutting of the ceramics could be obtained by CO2 laser at higher cutting speed of about 25 ∼ 30 mm/min. Combining with the analysis of the power flowing intensity and heat accumulation effects around laser spot, it is concluded that the non-equilibrium heat accumulation was inhibited effectively by the single pass laser crack-free cutting technique. For cutting of 10 mm thick Al2O3 ceramic, the total time without power flowing between the fore-piercing and the next-piercing by the technique could be ∼600 ms, which combined with ejecting of melting materials, could supply enough cooling time to inhibit the non-equi...