The provocative and geographically inept title of the paper is to allow and emphasize some comparisons between Lower Paleozoic structures, lineaments, ophiolitic "suture zones", arcs and sinistral transpressional systems in Newfoundland and Ireland, especially to contribute to the debate about the relative importance and roles of Ordovician versus Siluro-Devonian deformation in the structural evolution of the international northwestern zones of the Maritime Appalachians and British Caledonides. The Deer Park and Westport complexes crop out in the Clew Bay region, western Ireland and form, we believe, the suture zone between an Ordovician island arc to the south and the Laurentian continental margin. The Deer Park Complex comprises an ophiolitic melange with knockers of dolerite, sheeted dykes, dolerite-mylonites, static gabbros, ultramafic cumulates, mantle harzburgites, serpentinite breccias and amphibolite-ultramylonites set in a serpentinite or talc-carbonate matrix. This lithological assemblage is characteristic of an ophiolitic backstop thrust located in the hanging wall of a subduction zone nucleated at a transform fault like the Coastal Complex of the Bay of Islands Complex. The Westport Complex contains three components: (1) highly sheared Lower Ordovician muds, silts, sands, dolomites, cherts and microconglomerates oflow metamorphic grade; (2) quartz ribbon mylonitic metasediments; and (3) meta-basic volcanites and brecciated serpentinites locally containing crossite. Geographic proximity, structural style and stacking are consistent with a common origin in a subduction-accretion prism


This paper reviews the theory of Chief Executive Officer hubris and related constructs. It is to identify the area of Chief Executive Officer hubris clearly and to clarify the confusion of related constructs which includes: overconfidence, Chief Executive Officer celebrity, and narcissism. We examined the four related constructs comprehensively and evaluated Chief Executive Officer hubris construct as an antecedent or consequence. Throughout the research mainstream, these research related constructs often use the word hubris interchangeably. Many researchers are confused whether Chief Executive Officer hubris is an antecedent or consequence? We will attempt to resolve this issue by examining antecedents and consequences of Chief Executive Officer hubris and related constructs. Furthermore, suggestions and implications for future research based on Chief Executive Officer hubris will be assessed.


The article reviews the current state of knowledge of noise and how people respond to noise. Sources of community noise are discussed and existing federal legislation pertaining to noise is mentioned. Methods of reducing the noise impact on communities from aircraft, surface transportation, and industrial sites are presented. Interior noise in industry, OSHA noise standards and means of controlling the noise to minimize hearing impairment are emphasized.


Abstract Properties of polaron pairs (PP) are considered. PP are intermediate states between electron excited state of molecules and free charge carriers in conducting polymers of the PPV type. PP are shown to be important for generation of the free charge carriers at photoexcitation of polymers; recombination of free charge carriers; intra-chain triplet exciton generation; delayed luminescence of mono- and bimolecular nature; displacement current in the transient photoconductivity experiments; spin-dependent reactions.


With the expansion in wireless communication technology and the introduction of powerful smart-phones, users are demanding systems which will allow for ubiquitous computing. A critical requirement is a simpler means of interacting with mobile devices. Instead of struggling with small keypads on smart-phones or a stylus on a PDA it would be much simpler if we could use a more natural and familiar medium of communication, speech. There are currently 3 architectures, Embedded Speech Recognition, Network Speech Recognition (NSR) and Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR), each with their own pros and cons, which aim to incorporate an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system on mobile devices. DSR proposes to be the best solution due to its superior performance in the presence of transmission errors and noisy environments. The main aim of this paper is to give the reader a broad outline of the DSR architecture, but focuses mainly on the front-end system, which literature suggests is the most researched area of DSR. We present an outline of the current advanced front-end DSR standards in detail, investigating its architecture and possible permutations. We briefly touch on the back-end system of DSR and also look at issues relating to this technology.


Abstract : A method of finding local approximations is used to thin data before a hierarchical iterative refinement scheme is employed in conjunction with domain decomposition. The interpolation problem on each sub-domain is solved by using the same stored inverse. The approximation power of the inverse multiquadric is exploited whilst overcoming the computational difficulties associated with globally supported basis functions.


An indole-containing diarylethene with a trifluoromethyl function at the meta-position of the phenyl group attached to the thiophene moiety was synthesised. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and its photochemical properties in solution and in the single crystalline phases were studied. The compound showed relatively high fluorescent modulation efficiency and cyclisation quantum yield.


Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction has detrimental effects on day-to-day life of millions of people. Some of the most common symptoms faced by these patients include urinary incontinence, urgency and retention. Since elevated bladder pressure due to prolonged urine storage inside bladder may have adverse impacts on patient's renal health, urologists recommend clean-intermittent catheterization (CIC) every 2 to 4 hours throughout the day to relieve bladder pressure. However, since urine production by kidneys is an intermittent process and most of these patients have limited mobility, such frequent trips to washroom can prove to be challenging. Sometimes, bladder fills to capacity before the recommended CIC time is reached causing embarrassing situation due to leakage. Hence, time-based CIC strategy is difficult to implement and has high chances of failure. As such, continence is the primary concern for most of these patients but sadly there are no practical solutions available in the market that address this concern. A real-time notification system that could give feedback to patients on when "bladder is almost-full" could help these patients to better plan their bathroom trips. This work explores the feasibility of using a near infrared-light based wearable, non-invasive spectroscopy technique that can sense amount of urine present inside the bladder and give details on developing a bladder state estimation device.
We present preliminary results by testing our device on optical phantoms and performing ex vivo measurements on porcine bladder and intestines. We later explored the possibility of using the device on human subjects, after study was approved by the UC Davis Institution Review Board (IRB).


A fungus infects the hairs and causes them to break. Ringworm is not caused by a worm. Over 90% of cases are due to T. tonsurans, which is transmitted from other children who are infected. Combs, brushes, hats, barrettes, seatbacks, pillows, and bath towels can transmit the fungus. Less than 10% of the cases are caused by infected animals. The animal type causes more scalp irritation, redness, and scaling. If the child has the animal type of fungus, he is not contagious to other children.


First principles calculations are performed to study the electronic and elastic properties of Li(Mg, Zn) N, one of the small mismatched alloy system. The study reveals that this system can be used in optoelectronic devices which covers a wide range of wavelength from 300 to 700 nm.


It is has been well documented that the performance of group housed pigs is considerably lower than the performance of their genetic contemporaries when housed singularly in idealistic environments (Black et al. 2001). The review by Black et al. (2001) suggested that within commercial environments group housed pigs had depressed feed intakes and efficiency of feed usage as well as a tendency toward increased fat deposition. Undoubtedly management, environmental and within group interactions all contribute to the sub optimal performance of commercially grown pigs. The review by Black et al. (2001) listed numerous factors as contributing to this sub optimal performance including; group size, stocking density, air quality and cleanliness of the environment, microbial load and disease, climate, pig temperament and a pigs physiological response to stress.


Important issues emerging with the opening of the ubiquitous age are how to present ubiquitous environment and how services and access methods can be provided to users. The present research proposes a system that can provide users with useful information dynamically through intelligent multi agents in mobile environment. The system is composed of profile module, rule generation module, filtering module and service module. It was designed to find users' demands in an intelligent way based on information on users registered through the recommendation agent. We implemented an applied system and proved its performance through an experiment.


Photodarkening-induced output power degradations and long-term stability in high power pulsed and CW fiber laser MOPA systems are discussed. The studied laser systems are based on aluminosilicate single-mode Yb-doped fibers and use the GTWave fiber technology for cladding pumping. The active fiber lengths are between 10-30m. We have tested Yb-doped fiber amplifiers operated under both pulsed and CW mode. Using OTDR background-loss measurements we show, for the first time, that the photodarkening-induced loss is non-uniformly distributed along the length of the active fiber. By calculating the average inversion along the fiber length, we show that the induced loss follows closely an Yb-inversion dependence to the power of 2. In addition we have studied the temperature dependence of the output power variation. It is shown that increasing (decreasing) operating temperature results in decrease (increase) of the laser output power, reaching the new equilibria over time scales of ~200hours. We also present data on the non-photodarkening SPI fiber which is used in all SPI products.


Some past studies on rape coverage not only signposted the media reinforcement of negative female stereotypes but also construction of rape myths among receivers, especially the male gender. With few of such studies domesticated in Nigeria and given that media coverage of issues have great potential to shape public opinion, this work employs a mix of survey and content analysis to interrogate the extent the print media rape coverage in Nigeria is laden with myths that reinforce rape culture; And how this representation influence the audience reception. The survey population consists of all male and female citizens from 18 years and above residing in the urban cities of the three south eastern states of Anambra, Ebonyi and Enugu. The population for the content analysis also consists of all Nigerian (nationally circulated) daily newspapers published during the period of the study (January – August 2014). The study found that 62% of the respondents accept that media rape reports are laden with myths which affect their perception, wherein they mainly blame the victims.- an indication that the print media use of rape myths impacts negatively on audience perception of rape victims. It was also realized that the dominant cause of rape is willful act against the victims (40%), aside the act of waywardness (30%) and indecent Dressing (30%). As per the Content Analysis, sample editions of the newspapers studied reported 104 stories on rape, with majority being straight news (87%) aside the few other contents: features (1.9%), opinion (1.9%) interviews (1.9%) editorials (3.8%) and columns (3.8%). Apart from this low frequency of reportage of rape cases, all the 104 issues published by the three newspapers within the period, were all buried inside pages which were mainly centered on victim-blame. The three Newspapers each, contained the seven rape myths categorized by Burt, (1980). Therefore, the media should often campaign against myths and stereotypes aassociated with rape and sexual violence, to help dispel myths about rape.


Hoogmoed et al. [1] should be congratulated on an interesting piece of work looking at outcome in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Management of aSAH has changed significantly over the past 20 years from a conservative approach and delayed aneurysmal treatment (clipping), thought to be beyond the traditional vasospasm period, to a more aggressive approach with early aneurysmal treatment (commonly with endovascular coiling). The management of patients with poor World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade, however, has not evolved in the same way and there is still a widespread reluctance to offer invasive therapy or even transfer to a dedicated neuroscience centre due to the perceived poor outcome. This cohort of patients with aSAH are poorly represented in the large randomized trials recruiting aSAH (only 5% of patients recruited into The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial were poor grade [2]). Studies that have looked at poor-grade aSAH have tended to be retrospective and subject to bias. Patients who show some neurological improvement after a few days may have their treatment plans revised but the hypothesis put forward by the authors of a 'self-fulfilling prophecy of poor outcome' may hold true. The true criteria defining poor-grade aSAH, decisions regarding treatment and timing of treatment are difficult to interpret from the literature. Is there a subgroup of these patients who would benefit from aggressive treatment and, if so, are there factors that can be used to identify this cohort? For example, post hoc analysis of the subgroup of patients with poor-grade aSAH in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial would suggest that younger patients and those without evidence of stroke can achieve best outcome with treatment [3]. Other parameters include aneurysm size and hyperglycaemia on admission [4]. The difficulties relate to the inconsistency seen in the literature in even basic parameters such as the classification system used to define the grade of the aSAH (Hunt and Hess versus World Federation of Neurological Surgeons) and combining (often inappropriately) grades 4 and 5 in analyses [5]. Timing of treatment is another inconsistency. The size of the subgroup that may benefit from aggressive treatment may be as high as 24% [6,7]. The geographical neurosurgical set-up in The Netherlands has allowed a comparison of units with two different approaches to patients with poor-grade aSAH. A good outcome (as defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale of 1–3) was noted in 22% of patients treated aggressively with early aneurysm treatment and external ventricular drainage, compared with only 11% in those treated in a conservative fashion. Interestingly, whereas early aneurysm treatment was strongly associated with a good outcome, there were no significant differences in rebleed rates. This demonstrates the benefits of early occlusion beyond a straightforward reduction in rebleed rates. An occluded aneurysm allows aggressive prophylactic and treatment hyperdynamic therapy that would otherwise be judiciously administered when faced with a delayed ischaemic neurological deficit and an unsecured aneurysm. With an unsecured aneurysm, management tends to become less clearly defined. As such, this study not only compared units that delivered different interventions, but also compared the different mindsets of those units. Aggressive early treatment of all patients will not only pick up and treat the smaller unknown subgroup of patients who would benefit from treatment, but will also increase the exposure of the treating unit to the condition and increase volumes of treatment episodes. This, in my mind, becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy of changing the expected outcome. Further work is required to help identify the various clinical, radiological and anatomical factors that have a significant impact on the overall outcome of these patients. Only then can we accurately apply a tailor-made approach to each individual patient with poor-grade aSAH. I don't think we are there yet though.


In this study, we address the problem of automated optical trapping using optical tweezers. We demonstrate that using acousto-optical deflector allows implementing a wide variety of specific modes such as multi-trapping and sorting. Our experiments show that this approach enables fast and non-mechanical optical manipulation of microscopic particles according to pre-defined trajectories and tasks.


Jacques Ellul (1912-1994) is Professor of the University of Bordeaux, a well-known French Philosopher, Sociologist and Theologian, has written over 40 books and 800 articles. Ellul's writings covered multiple disciplines: history, law, sociology, politics and theology. Because of his strong sociology training and background, his approach to theology gives him a unique perspective compare to other theologians. Instead of just focusing on the historical, terminological and spiritual aspects of theology, Ellul analyzes the society through the impact made by media, money, politics and technology. He uses these subjects as a tool to build up his theology structure. Flashing described Ellul's dominant theme is "the threat to human freedom and Christian faith created by modern technology."1 Ellul's work gave some important insight to the modern world as well as the spiritual world. In order to understand Ellul's theological writing and thoughts, it is essential to understand the context of his works in sociology, especially his theological response to the technological society. In this paper, I will study Ellul's dialectical approach to the Modern and Spiritual world, and illustrate the significant of Ellul's sociological and theological thoughts. I will also discuss how Ellul goes beyond merely a sociology spectrum and study his attempt to integrate sociology and theology. Through this study, I would like to discover some of Ellul's implications for today's society and reflect on how we should respond to the challenge in the 21st century.


In high-speed compressor and turbine applications, active magnetic bearings are employed to increase reliability, reduce maintenance, and provide contact-free and oil-free operation. Evidently, the dynamic performance of active magnetic bearings must correspond to application-specific events like compressor surge or thrust disturbances. This article presents a segmented stator as one of the solutions to increase the bandwidth of axial active magnetic bearings (AMBs) and further improve the stability of the shaft system. We analyze the effects and discuss the tradeoffs of axial active magnetic bearing stator segmentation and slitting to alleviate bandwidth limitations. Finite element method design optimization and control plant modeling methods, open- and closed-loop tests, and identification of the overall thrust AMB–rotor control plant are studied.


To investigate the combination of Golden Angle Radial Sparse SENSE reconstruction with image‐based self‐gating (SG) for deriving high‐quality TPM data from radial golden angle (GA) k‐space data.


This article uses a unique French survey that makes it possible to explore various individual determinants of workplace accident reporting. This survey covers a representative sample of 13,000 private- sector employees. Some 10% of workers suffer at least one workplace injury each year and that only 80% report it to the social security. A multivariate analysis with sample selection shows that severity and types of injury are clear determinants of reporting. Low-educated, but with a first degree, workers and workers in large firms seem to more likely report their injuries, and managers less. In addition, workers recently hired or on probation for a permanent job and previously unemployed or on a precarious position are significantly less likely to file a claim. This result suggests that labour market conditions can influence reporting.


The utility model relates to a plasma large cigarette waste gas purification machine, which is mainly used for eliminating the smoke produced by a large cigarette and comprises an absorbing cover (1), a suction arm (2), a dust removing filtration screen (5), a shell (13), a plasma electric field purification layer (6), an abnormal taste purification layer (7) and a centrifugal fan (8). The shell wall is opened with a waste gas inlet and a purification air outlet (9), and inside which is provided with the dust removing filtration screen, plasma electric field purification layer, abnormal taste purification layer and centrifugal fan in sequence. The absorbing cover is connected with one end of the suction arm, anther end of which is connected with the waste gas inlet on the wall of the shell, which is communicated with the air admission side of dust removing filtration screen (5), the air exit side of which is communicated with the air admission side of plasma electric field purification layer (6), the air exit side of which is communicated with the air admission side of abnormal taste purification layer (7), the air exit side of which is communicated with the air inlet of centrifugal fan (8) and the air outlet of which is communicated with the air purification outlet on the wall of shell. The utility model features high in purification efficiency, convenient in clean and dust removal and is able to remove the abnormal taste.


The livelihoods and farm land use change in three zones with different access and basic services were studied in the indigenous territories of Bribri and Cabecar groups in Talamanca, Costa Rica. The households located in the highlands (Zone I), where there was less infrastructure and cultural homogeneity, practiced subsistence agriculture and depended on the sale of their labour in the same area. In the valley, Zone II (Sepeque and part of Mojoncito) and Zone III (Shiroles and surroundings), which had greater access to infrastructure and were more culturally diverse, the households practiced more intensive agriculture based on plantain, but they also depended on the sale of their labour. Forests, fallows and agroforestry with cacao are being converted to plantain monocultures and mixed (plantain, banana and cacao) and banana agroforestry systems. The land use change in Zones II and III was affected by the rules and regulations for organic certification of cacao and banana and the sales of plantain. In Zone I, land use change was determined by cultural concepts about good soil management, topography, soil characteristics, presence of animals (cattle), market access and natural events.


At a recent conference on energy conservation co-sponsored by ASCE's Minnesota Section and the University of Minnesota, three speakers presented divergent views on the role of the marketplace in solving the world's energy problems. William Tucker, a freelance writer who writes about energy and the environment, suggested that the removal of price controls on oil has essentially solved the energy crisis. Ellis Armstrong, chairman of ASCE's Energy Policy Committee, argued that within the next 10-15 years oil demand will begin to exceed the supply and that government leadership on an international scale is necessary to prepare for future energy needs. Bruce Anderson, editor of Solar Age Magazine , contended that the best way to prepare to cut our dependence on oil is through an agressive government-supported program of conservation and development of renewable resources. The article summarizes the presentations of each speaker and includes a box on an innovative solar home discussed at the conference.


The use of renewable energy sources plays an irreplaceable role in remote areas where the power grid is not available. Photovoltaic power conversion (PV) and wind power conversion are the main types of renewable energy sources used. Hybrid systems are considered the most efficient solution for remote areas that are not connected to the centralized power grid.
Renewable energy is attracting the attention of researchers around the world. The main challenge is to combine the various existing sources into a single model in order to benefit from each of them, while complementing each other's disadvantages. The possibilities of managing combined hybrid systems based on renewable energy sources are currently not thoroughly studied. To increase the generation of electrical energy and reduce losses during the operation of these systems, it is necessary to conduct research aimed at improving the interactions of individual nodes of the proposed generation systems and improving the calculation methods for hybrid power plants. The integrated use of solar and wind generation systems can significantly improve energy performance and increase the generation of electrical energy.
This paper proposes a method for integrating a solar photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator connected to a load. An additional load is also connected to the system to absorb excess power. The hybrid system model was developed in MATLAB / Simulink. A controller based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was developed and the system analyzed in terms of energy production and consumption. The results obtained show the degree of increase in the reliability and stability of the system.


The contribution of the long and short range terms of the atom-atom interaction within nanocrystals has been investigated using three different models. Lennard-Jones, MieType, and Mie-type combined with Axilrod-Teller potential energy functions have been used for the comparison between the short and long range terms. Physical importance of these models can be understood by studying the behaviour of long and short range terms of these potentials. In this paper a study on these terms for BCC and FCC nanocrystals has been carried out. The study was conducted by computer simulation and predicted size dependence of the ratio of the short range to the long range terms. Mie-type combined with Axilrod-Teller potential successfully describes the mutual variation of long and short range terms.


Next generation sequencing (NGS) assays enable the identification of genetic alterations that may guide a personalized treatment in glioma patients.

 From July 2021 to March 2023 a NGS analysis (Myriapod® NGS Cancer DNA and RNA panels) was performed in a large prospective cohort of adults with an histological diagnosis of IDH wild type glioma or circumscribed astrocytoma or glioneuronal and neuronal tumor at the Division of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy. The aim was to identify potential actionable molecular alterations and provide targeted therapy at recurrence accordingly.

 We collected tumor samples from 221 patients. NGS analysis was available in 211 patients (95.5%), while NGS was not feasible in 10 patients (4.5%). 188 patients out of 211 (89.1%) had an IDH wild type glioblastoma (GBM) (median age 61 years, range 24-84; F/M: 97/91), 6 patients (2.8%) had IDH wild type lower grade gliomas (LGG) (median age 63 years, range 43-78; F/M: 3/3), and 17 patients (8.1%) had circumscribed astrocytoma or glioneuronal and neuronal tumor (median age 37 years, range 18-67; F/M: 13/4). Overall, actionable molecular alterations were found in 13/211 patients (6.2%). In this regard, 7/211 patients (3.3%) had BRAF V600E mutation (3 IDH wild type GBM, 1 IDH wild type LGG, and 3 circumscribed/glioneuronal and neuronal tumor), 4/211 patients (1.9%) had FGFR3-TACC3 fusion (all GBM), 1/211 patients (0.5%) had PIK3CA mutation (GBM), and 1/211 patients (0.5%) had NTRK1 fusion (glioneuronal tumor). Other molecular mutations, including ALK, ERBB2, MET, KIT, KRAS, PDGFRA, and RET have not been detected in our cohort. Three patients with druggable mutations recurred after first-line therapy: 1 patient with BRAF mutated GBM, 1 patient with GBM harboring FGFR3-TACC3 fusion, and 1 patient with NTRK1 fusion positive glioneuronal tumor received specific BRAF/MEK inhibitor (dabrafenib/trametinib), FGFR inhibitor (pemigatinib), and NTRK inhibitor (larotrectinib), respectively. A remarkable activity of BRAF/MEK and NTRK inhibitors was observed (8 months and 5 months, respectively *), while FGFR inhibitor did not display a significant activity to control disease (9 weeks). * ongoing

 The incidence of actionable molecular alterations in IDH wild type gliomas and glioneuronal and neuronal tumors was low. However, the possibility of using targeted therapies may lead to an important impact on the outcome.


It is known that ozone, a key ingredient of smog in the cities, is one of the critical anthropogenic air pollutants. Ozone exposure impacts the pneumonia course. We have shown before that although female mice were more resistant to pneumonia than males, ozone exposure made them more susceptible. The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms of these trends by the histopathologic evaluation of the risk factors for pneumonia after ozone exposure. The results showed: 1) the severity and the area of the lung inflammation were higher and the red pulp spleen myelopoesis was lower in mice of both sexes after ozone exposure and pneumonia compared to control; 2) more pronounced extrapulmonary lesions (in liver and spleen) were detected in filtered air-exposed and infected males compared to females; 3) more severe lung inflammation was found in ozone-exposed and infected female mice compared to males. Thus, different risk factors contributes into the different outcome of pneumonia in different sexes depending on the presence or absence of oxidative stress caused by ozone exposure: excessive lung inflammatory response in females after ozone exposure, and the higher risk for extrapulmonary lesions in males after filtered air exposure.


In a satellite network, the inter-satellite link can facilitate the information transmission and exchange between satellites, and the packet routing of the inter-satellite link is the key development direction of satellite communication systems. Aiming at the complex topology and dynamic change in LEO satellite networks, the traditional single shortest path algorithm can no longer meet the optimal path requirement. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-path routing algorithm based on an improved breadth-first search. First, according to the inter-satellite network topology information, the improved breadth-first search algorithm is used to obtain all the front hop node information of the destination node. Second, all the shortest paths are obtained by backtracking the path through the front hop node. Finally, according to the inter-satellite network, the bandwidth capacity of the traffic and nodes determines the optimal path from multiple shortest paths. However, due to the high dynamics of low-orbit satellite networks, the topology changes rapidly, and the global topology of the network is often not available. At this time, in order to enhance the adaptability of the algorithm, this paper proposes an inter-satellite network dynamic routing algorithm based on reinforcement learning. Verified by simulation experiments, the proposed algorithm can improve the throughput of the inter-satellite network, reduce the time delay, and the packet loss rate.


England may have missed an opportunity to improve public health

T he resounding "no" vote for a regional assembly in the North East of England has firmly put the lid on the prospect of elected regional government for the foreseeable future. There is considerable debate in the North East as to the reasons for the rejection of the proposal, which may have come down to a distaste for having more politicians, a suspected higher council tax, intraregional rivalries, too few powers, or perhaps a mix of these. In the white paper announcing the regional referendums, assemblies would not have any direct responsibility for health care,1 although many would have liked to have seen such an outcome in the spirit of the government's devolution policy and commitment to localism.2 But the assemblies would have had a specific remit for public health.

The white paper announcing the regional referendums pointed out the high impact that housing, transport, and economic development have on public health and promoted the joining up of these policies to reduce health inequalities. Nevertheless, it remained a cautious document, produced against a background of little interest in the issue of elected regional assemblies.3

A public health presence already exists at regional level—a process that began with the NHS …


Supérieur et de la Recherche (France) to M.B. The present work has benefited from Imagerie-Gif core facility supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-EQPX-0029/Morphoscope; ANR-10-INBS-04/FranceBioImaging; ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02/Saclay Plant Sciences). We are grateful to the Zootechnic platform of our institute for mouse breeding, care, and genotyping and to S Guyon for assistance with the confocal microscope. ABSTRACT Intellectual disability in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been associated with the loss of dystrophin-protein 71, Dp71, the main dystrophin-gene product in the adult brain. Dp71 shows major expression in perivascular macroglial endfeet, suggesting that dysfunctional glial mechanisms contribute to cognitive impairments. In the present study we investigated the molecular alterations induced by a selective loss of Dp71 in mice, using semi-quantitative immunogold analyses in electron microscopy and immunofluorescence confocal analyses in brain sections and purified gliovascular units. In macroglial pericapillary endfeet of the cerebellum and hippocampus, we found a drastic reduction (70%) of the polarized distribution of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels, a 50% reduction of β-dystroglycan and a complete loss of α1-syntrophin. Interestingly, in the hippocampus and cortex, these effects were not homogeneous: AQP4 and AQP4ex isoforms were mostly lost around capillaries but preserved in large vessels corresponding to pial arteries, penetrating cortical arterioles and arterioles of the hippocampal fissure, indicating the presence of Dp71-independent pools of AQP4 in these vascular structures. In conclusion, the depletion of Dp71 strongly alters the distribution of AQP4 selectively in macroglial perivascular endfeet surrounding capillaries. This effect likely affects water homeostasis and blood-brain barrier functions and may thus contribute to the synaptic and cognitive defects associated with Dp71 deficiency.


This study made a survey and Analysis on the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in aquatic products in the offshore area of Cangzhou.In the culture area,fishing areas,protected areas as the main functional region from Qikou to Xu Jiabao sea,Fish,shrimp,shellfish in total petroleum hydrocarbon content in compliance with "standard" requirements of the value of marine biological quality.The average fish content was lowest,which was 2.94mg·kg~(-1) and the average content of shellfish was the highest,which was 12.16mg·kg~(-1).The average content of shellfish is close to the upper limit of a standard,we should pay more attention to and take corresponding measures.


Keyboarding is an essential skill. Keyboarding is a life long skill. It has evolved from a transcription typing skill where secretaries typed handwritten letters into a generative typing skill involving composing original thought at the keyboard. The paper discusses the various strategies for attaining skills in keyboarding. Among these strategies is proper keyboarding, blank keyboard techniques, and the cognitive mode. The paper concluded by stressing that Speed and Accuracy in data entry are achieved through keyboarding skills. The paper recommended that teachers of keyboarding should insist on proper techniques and continual assessment of students' performance.


This paper addresses linear quadratic control with state-dependent noise for singularly perturbed stochastic systems (SPSS). First, the asymptotic structure of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (SARE) is established for two cases. Second, a new iterative algorithm that combines Newton's method with the fixed point algorithm is established. As a result, the quadratic convergence and the reduced-order computation in the same dimension of the subsystem are attained. As another important feature, a high-order state feedback controller that uses the obtained iterative solution is given and the degradation of the cost performance is investigated for the stochastic case for the first time. Furthermore, the parameter independent controller is also given in case the singular perturbation is unknown. Finally, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, a numerical example is given for the practical megawatt-frequency control problem.


Background and Objectives: Cancer is believed to be one of the main challenges to health care profession and compounds isolated from natural products play significant role in treatment of cancer. Sarcococca saligna (Buxaceae) contains variety of steroidal alkaloids having numerous pharmacological and biological potentials. Hence, current research work was designed to isolate steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna and to evaluate it for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Materials and Methods: Compounds Alkaloid-C, Dictyophlebine, Sarcovagine-D and Holaphylline were purified by column chromatography followed by spectroscopic techniques for their structure confirmation. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were investigated against DPPH and HeLa cell lines using ascorbic acid and doxorubicin as standard. Results: The radical scavenging effect produced by Holaphylline and Sarcovagine-D was 80.0±3.20 and 78.0±3.20 % at 400 μg/ml concentration which was statistically similar to that of standard, while on the same concentration inhibition for Dictyophlebine and Alkaloid-C was 10.0±0.00% and 20±1.01 %. In addition, Holaphylline showed less anticancer activity (23.88±0.243) in cell growth of HeLa cell followed by Alkaloid-C (12.9±0.235), Dictyophlebine (6.1±0.345), while S cytotoxic effect for Sarcovagine-D was high (5.1±0.14) in (IC50), which exhibiting statistical variation from Doxorubicin (2.1±0.14%). Conclusion: This study provided scientific report and importance of the use of steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna as an antioxidant and cytotoxic against agents' HeLa cell lines that may provide a new scope toward the development of novel drugs for cancer remedy.


Objective To study the hepatoprotective effect of Diltiazem on acute experimental hepatitis induced by cocaine in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods The animals were randomly divided into five groups: three doses of Diltiazem groups(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg),a control group and a cocaine model group.The three groups were administration with Diltiazem for four days.At the fourth day,the three groups and the cocaine model group were given cocaine(80 mg/kg,ip);30 minutes after the Diltiazem were given.And all animals were killed after 24 hours.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),aspartateminotransferase(AST) were examined.Pathological changes of liver were observed.Results Comparing with the cocaine model group,the serum ALT,LDH,AST activities in Diltiazem groups were significantly decreased in response to cocaine(P0.01).Histopathological studies indicated that the liver pathological changes were lightened.Conclusion Diltiazem has some certain protective effect on acute liver injury caused by cocaine.The mechanism is probably concerned about blocking the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450-mediated cocaine bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects.


Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women in the world regardless of race or ethnicity. About 10% of invasive breast carcinomas are lobular subtype. The loss of the E-caderin expression that occurs in lobular carcinoma leads to a higher risk of metastases in membranes (meningeal, pleural, peritoneum) and gastrointestinal and/or endobronchial mucous, which may lead to several odd symptomatology. We report a 79 years old female patient with lobular breast cancer associated to CDH1 germline mutation. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in December 2016 after noticing a right-armpit nodule whose pathological examination demonstrated an immunohistochemistry profile compatible with lobular breast carcinoma metastasis and had estrogen receptors 98%, progesterone receptors < 1%, ki67 25%, negative her2 score. Family history of only one paternal uncle with stomach cancer. After two lines of hormone therapy, she had disease progression and started oral chemotherapy with capecitabine. In a few weeks, the patient had refractory diarrhea. At the beginning, it was defined like colitis chemotherapy related. However, the clinical features showed necessity of further investigation. Then, she was diagnosed with CDH1 germline mutation after massive progression at gastrointestinal mucous. This case made possible to inform the family about risk of germline mutation and necessity of genetic counseling.


The Spanish Habitat Committee, in the pursuit of the application of the action plans on the issue of human settlements, promoted by the United Nations Center Human Settlements (UNCHS), and in agreement with the commitments assumed in the Conference Habitat II (Istambul, 1996) and its sanction in the occurrence of the Special Session of the General Assembly of United Nations Estambul+5. (Nav York, 2001), has continued its activity impelling the debate on the sustainable city and promoting the exchange of experiences that favor their development. In this frame is included the Third National Best Practices Award for the improvement of living conditions, some of which are included in this monographic of REPORTS of the Construction. as well as the call for the Fourth National Award, already in the phase of selection of the best practices for his remission to the international summons


The development of information technique is promoting the change from industrial economy to net-economy, but enterprises in China are now still not the main part of net-economy owing to the recognition lagging behind, the problems of self-management, operating system and industrial structure. Meanwhile, there are still problems of safety of network technique, trustworthiness, and law perfection. Enterprises in China should take the potential advantages of developing country, and blend themselves into the waves of net-economy development.


BNSF Railway is experimenting with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by testing the technology in a switching locomotive. The company is working with a private company to assemble the locomotive in Denver. Currently, the line's locomotives burn more than 4 million gallons of diesel fuel each day, about two percent of the country's usage. According to a 2007 financial filing, diesel fuel costs account for 26 percent of operating costs. Using fuel cells in Class I rail engines is a new concept. The technology behind fuel cells is explained, including its ability to provide the high starting torque and overload capacity locomotives rely on. The new vehicle, called, the RailPower locomotive, is considered a concept vehicle.


The determination of forming limit curves and deformation features of AA5754 aluminium alloy are studied in this article. The robust and repeatable experiments were conducted at a warm forming temperature range of 200 °C–300 °C and at a forming speed range of 20–300 mm/s. The forming limit curves of AA5754 at elevated temperatures with different high forming speeds have been obtained. The effects of forming speed and temperature on limiting dome height, thickness variation and fracture location are discussed. The results show that higher temperatures and lower forming speeds are beneficial to increasing forming limits of AA5754; however, lower temperatures and higher forming speeds contribute to enhancing the thickness uniformity of formed specimens. The decreasing forming speed and increasing temperature result in the locations of fracture to move away from the apexes of formed specimens. It is found that the analysis of deformation features can provide a guidance to understand warm forming process of aluminium alloys.


Studies have been made of the extent of vibrational nonequilibrium produced in supersonic expansions of undissociated N2 from known initial equilibrium conditions attained behind reflected shock waves. The N2 was shock heated and compressed to reservoir temperatures and pressures in the ranges 2800° to 4600°K, and 24 to 82 atm. It was then allowed to expand through a 15° axisymmetric nozzle coupled to the end of the shock tube. The extent of vibrational nonequilibrium was determined by measurements of local vibrational temperatures using the spectrum‐line reversal method. The measurements showed the vibrational temperatures in the expansion flows to be much closer to equilibrium than the Landau—Teller relaxation theory predicts. Observations at two area ratios showed that the flow was not completely frozen in the vibrational sense. The probability of N2 vibrational de‐excitation inferred from these measurements is about 15 times greater than that inferred from measurements of vibrational relaxation made b...


Multiword expressions are problematic at many stages of natural language processing due to their idiosyncratic linguistic properties, and the ability to undergo syntactic transformations. In inflectional languages, such as Polish, processing them is especially difficult since the repertoire of variations they can undergo is greater than in the case of fixed word order languages. The report presents several linguistic formalisms and evaluates them on the basis of their suitability for encoding Polish multiword expressions. It includes a detailed description of their most prominent features, and a selection of examples which show exactly how effective the formalisms are when used for Polish.


Objective:To analyze the cause of infantile late vitamin K deficiency,and to raise prevention and therapeutic measure to reduce its incidence rate and improve recovery rate.Methods:An analysis for cases diagnosed for infantile late vitamin K deficiency in our hospital from 2006 to 2008 was made.Results:Among 82 cases in this study,79 were exclusively breast feeding and both the infants and their mothers had not taken Vitamin K before.Among them,40 patients bled with skin mucous membrane,intestinal tract and paracentesis site,48 patients with intracranial hemorrhage,30 patients with increased intracranial pressure;48 patients with nervous system symptoms; 78 patients with blood loss anemia.They were all symptomatic treated and took vitamin K_1 preparation,among which 31 cases with intracranial hemorrhages had taken surgery therapy.Expect for 4 severe cases the rest 78 cases healed and left hospital.Conclusions: Vitamin K_1 is effective to the disease in the near future and those with intracranial hemorrhages can choose surgery treatment.Pregnant women and infant can use vitamin K for prevention to reduce and avoid the occurrence of the disease.


The indiscriminate disposal of spent motor oil in the soil has led to the contamination of both land and water. The present study analyzes the compounds in spent motor oil from a car and the extraction from the soil of two mechanical workshops located in Gwagwalada area council of FCT, Abuja Nigeria. The samples were cold extracted in dichloromethane. The chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed using GC/MS. The results revealed that extracts from SDP mechanical workshop (SMW), Dagiri mechanical workshop (DMW) and spent oil from a car (SCO) had carbon compounds that ranged from C15C35, C13 – C34 and C10 – C20 respectively. About thirteen polycyclic compounds, eleven monocyclic compound, five oxygenated compounds and eight hydrocarbons were identified. The results from this study give information on the toxic nature of spent oil, hence, informing and educating the auto mechanic engineers on the need to stop indiscriminate disposal of spent oil on soil. It also avails the government of the urgent need to enact and enforce policies on collection, management and treatment of spent oil before disposal.


In this paper we have investigated the effectiveness of employing the Single Field-Plate (SFP) technique to enhance the breakdown voltage (BV) of AlGaN/GaN power High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs).A systematic procedure is provided for designing the SFP device, using two dimensional (2-D) simulation to obtain the maximum improvement in the drain-source current (IDS) and to achieve maximum breakdown voltage. It is found that significantly higher breakdown voltages and IDS can be achieved by just raising the thickness of the passivation layer Si3N4 beneath SFP (t) and raising SFP length (Lsfp) between the source and drain. We demonstrate that when a single field-plate connected to the source is employed, both breakdown voltage and IDS can be enhanced by optimizing the passivation layer Si3N4 thickness beneath the SFP as well as the SFP geometry.


This paper presents a design of a module system for C++.The proposal focuses on programmer's view of modules (both production and consumption) and how to better support modular programming in the large, componentization, scalable compilation, and semantics-aware developer tools.


Adopting the notion of "pragmatic information" as interpreted by Roederer and granted that understanding arises from genuine information processing, I show that Searle's "Chinese Room Argument" in rejecting the thesis of Strong Artificial Intelligence and his responses to critics are sound and acceptable. The paper is a safe and secure translation of Searle's argument into a language of information. According to the notion of information that I adopt, information and information processing are exclusive attributes of biological and artificial systems. However, I will show that information-theoretically, biological brains are fundamentally different from their artificial simulations. I will argue that only biological systems, or their duplicates, are genuine information processing systems and thus capable of understanding Chinese. "Understanding", in my proposal, denotes "phenomenal consciousness" in the context of Chalmers' thesis of naturalistic dualism


Measurement of pulmonary capillary permeability with small solutes in the intact organism has traditionally required multiple indicators. To enable measurement of permeability (as permeability-surface area product, PS), we developed a mathematical model based on indicator dilution and diffusion that has PS as a parameter, and which can be it to time-activity curves of a radioactively labeled small solute. Experimental validation of the technique in an experimental canine model of hydrostatic and permeability pulmonary edema resulted in PS measurements that here comparable to previously reported values, and were able to discriminate permeability pulmonary edema from normal and hydrostatic pulmonary edema.


In this paper, we present the configuration of erbium-doped fiber laser. The laser operates in passive mode locking. Usually in existing schemes fiber ring laser using mechanical adjustment mode locking by rotating in the space of the wave plates. In our optical system, we propose to use voltagecontrolled liquid crystal cells, to replace conventional polarization controllers (quarter-half-wave plate) inside the laser cavity. Using this innovation, freed from the mechanical adjustment mode locking, we plan to obtain the pulse width of the order of hundreds femseconds and an average power output of the order of tens milliwatts. Keywords— fiber laser; femsecond; liquid crystal; polarization; wave plate.


Elastin is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein abundant in vocal folds and other mechanically active tissues. This protein provides these tissues with elastic recoil and strength. Due to difficulties with natural elastin, there is a need to develop scaffolds for vocal fold tissue regeneration that mimics this elasticity and also provides tunability in a range of morphological, biological and mechanical properties. Hybrid polymer‐peptide materials are attractive candidates for tissue engineering scaffolds because their synthesis allows for this tunability. In this work, synthetic polymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and peptides with the amino acid repeat unit AKAAAKA found in natural elastin were synthesized and cross‐linked to form hybrid hydrogels. PEG was functionalized with azide end groups and cross‐linked through a copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction with peptides functionalized with multiple alkyne groups. Both linear and 4‐arm star PEG polymers with varying molecular weights were used in these trials, and the peptide length and functionality was varied by the number of repeat units. It was found that the swelling ratio and mechanical properties of the hybrid hydrogels can be tuned according to the molecular weight and geometry of each component. This project was funded by HHMI, NIH/NIDCD (1R01DC008965‐01), and NSF/DMR (Career: 0643226).


Brucellosis can show many clinical manifestations according to the affected sites of the body, and is usually diagnosed with osteoarticular symptoms. We present a patient with cervical brucellar spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess who presented with severe neck and left upper extremity pain and was referred to our hospital for surgery because of cervical disc herniation. The patient didn't undergo surgery and was cured with 6 months of medical therapy. Duration of the medical therapy was assessed by magnetic resonans imaging (MRI) studies. In endemic regions, brucellar spondylodiscitis should be included in differential diagnoses for patients who have cervical pain with or without neurological deficits. Patients should be attentively questioned concerning occupation, settlement place, subfebril fever, consumption of raw milk or dairy products, travel to endemic regions or past brucellosis history in the family. MRI is an important imaging modality in the diagnosis and response to medical treatment in brucellar spondylodiscitis.


A simple, fast and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method is described and validated in terms of linearity, accuracy/recovery and reproducibility, as well as limit of detection for the determination of ascorbic acid from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) samples from Murfatlar vineyard. Good linearity (correlation factor > 0.9970) was achieved in the concentration range 0.5–15 μg mL−1 for AA in acetic acid 0.1% solution. The obtained RSD values (below 5%) indicated excellent repeatability of the proposed method. The limit of detection was 0.32 μg mL−1 while the recovery ranged between 96.86 and 102.41%. The advantages of the method are: small amounts of sample and solvents, short analysis time and minimum steps for sample preparation.


We report the tunability of the sizes and inter-dot spacings of Ge coupled quantum dots (QDs) using nano-spacer technology in combination with selective oxidation of Si0.85Ge0.15. Spherical-shaped Ge QDs were formed at each sidewall corner of the nano-patterned Si3N4 ridges by thermal oxidation of poly-SiGe spacer layers encapsulating the Si3N4 nano-ridges. The diameters of the Ge spherical QDs are essentially determined by geometrical height, width, and length of the nano-spacer islands of poly-SiGe, which are tunable by adjusting the process times of their deposition and etch back. The inter-dot spacing between the Ge DQDs are controllable by adjusting the widths of the lithographically-patterned Si3N4 ridges and the thermal oxidation times. Our self-organization and self-alignment approach achieved high symmetry within the Ge DQDs in terms of the individual QD sizes as well as the coupling barriers between the QDs and external electrodes in close proximity.


Background: Diabetes is rapidly becoming Australia's fastest growing disease. Efforts to prevent or detect this disease earlier have led to research into risk factors which may be relevant. The objective of this project was to examine the relationship between diabetes and abdominal fat distribution as measured by computed tomography (CT) scanning. Methods: A consecutive series of patients undergoing abdominal CT scanning, including 10 patients with type 2 diabetes and 32 patients without diabetes, who presented for CT scanning, were included in the study. Total abdominal and intra- abdominal fat (within the peritoneum) were measured from the CT images. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean age, weight and total abdominal fat of diabetics and non-diabetics. The diabetics had a greater amount of intra-abdominal fat (mean: 41.3 cm 3 ) compared to the non-diabetic group (27.2 cm 3 ); mean difference 14.1 cm 3 , 95% CI; 1.4 cm 3 -26.8 cm 3 , P = 0.028. The percentage of total abdominal fat that was intra-abdominal was also greater among diabetic patients; diabetic 35.3%, non-diabetic 27.6%; mean difference: 7.6%, 95% CI; 1.1%-14.2%, P = 0.02. Conclusions: The results support the debate that location of abdominal fat within the peritoneum is more prevalent with diabetic subjects. Radiologists should consider this when reporting abdominal CT.


An energy recovery system contained in the exhaust gas of an engine (E) comprises a thermal electric generator (10) and a first turbine (11), a shaft being common to a rotor of the electric generator (10 ) and a turbine wheel (11). The system further comprises a second turbine (12), a wheel of the second turbine (12) being mounted on the shaft at the opposite end to the first wheel.


Isotopic fractionation of dissolved organic carbon percolating through the soil is often interpreted as due to microbial transformation. We investigated the potential effects of sorption on the δ13C of dissolved organic C in field and laboratory experiments. We sampled the organic C in soil water at two forested sites and measured sorption with intact mineral soil and individual minerals (dolomite, ferrihydrite, goethite, and quartz). The dissolved organic C was separated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions using a resin approach. The δ13C values of bulk soils, alkaline‐extractable organic C, and dissolved organic C and its fractions were measured. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions in forest floor seepage water were characterized by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy.


The Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration should inform the Congress of the options being considered for maintaining an assured launch capability for defense and civil missions and the key assumptions, costs, and risks associated with each option. The Secretary of Defense should also provide the Congress information on the total cost of Defense participation in the Space Transportation System program.


Using a post‐effusion thermal cracking furnace, the ''arsenic stabilization'' efficacy of As2 versus As4 on the surfaces of (100) GaAs, Al0.48In0.52As, Ga0.47In0.53As and (AlGa)0.47In0.53As has been studied. Dimers were found to be no more efficient than tetramers either slightly below, at, or above the upper congruent sublimation temperature.


Today, how can we not speak of the university? I put my question in the negative, for two reasons. On the one hand, as we all know, it is impossible, now more than ever, to dissociate the work we do, within one discipline or several, from a reflection on the political and institutional conditions of that work. Such a reflection is unavoidable. It is no longer an external complement to teaching and research; it must make its way through the very objects we work with, shaping them as it goes, along with our norms, procedures, and aims. We cannot not speak of such things. On the other hand, the question "how can we not" gives notice of the negative, or perhaps we should say preventive, complexion of the preliminary reflections I should like to put to you. Indeed, since I am seeking to initiate discussion, I shall content myself with saying how one should not speak of the university. Some of the typical risks to be avoided, it seems to me, take the form of a bottomless pit, while others take the form of a protectionist barrier. Does the university, today, have what is called a raison d' tre? I have chosen to put my question in a phrase-raison d'etre, literally, "reason to be"-which is quite idiomatically French. In two or three words, that phrase names everything I shall be talking about: reason and being, of course, and the essence of the University in its connections to reason and being; but also the cause, purpose, direction, necessity, justification, meaning and mission of the University; in a word, its destination. To have a raison d'etre, a reason for being, is to have a justification for existence, to have a meaning, an intended purpose, a destination; but also, to have a cause, to be explainable according to the "principle of reason" or the "law of sufficient reason," as it is sometimes calledin terms of a reason which is also a cause (a ground, ein Grund), that is to say also a footing and a foundation, ground to stand on. In the phrase raison d' tre, that idea of causality takes on above all the sense of final cause, in the wake of Leibniz, the author of the formulation-and it was much more than a formulation -"the Principle of Reason." To ask whether the University has a reason for being is to wonder why there is a University, but the question "why" verges on "with a view to what?" The University with a view to what? What is the University's view? What are its views? Or again: what do we see from the University, whether for instance, we are simply in it, on board; or whether, puzzling over destinations, we look out from it while in port or, as French has it, "au large," on the open sea, "at large"? As you may have noticed, in asking "what is the view from the University?" I was echoing the title of the impeccable parable James Siegel published in Diacritics two years ago: "Academic Work:


Under military laws adjust the special society relations that refer to national military benefit,military jural relations form.Military jural relations is that of right and power,right and duty,and it is a kind of the public jural relations ,its nucleus is the combine of right and power,right and duty.During establishment of democratic state under the rule of law,military jurla relations will develop in the direction of internationalization,a scientific style,socialization,democratization.


This study explored the effect of intimate partner violence on relationship commitment. The investment model was used to test mediators and moderators between abuse and commitment in a community sample of women. Analyses showed that relationship satisfaction mediated this relationship for physical and psychological abuse, but revealed no significant effect of implicit relationship beliefs. Results could help clinicians understand more deeply the experiences of victims and why they might remain committed to an abusive partner.


An output feedback model reference adaptive controller is developed for a class of linear systems with multiple unknown time-varying state delays and in the presence of actuator failures. The adaptive controller is designed based on SPR-Lyapunov approach and is robust with respect to multiple unknown time-varying plant delays and to an external disturbance with unknown bounds. Closed-loop system stability and asymptotic output tracking are proved using suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


Planning schedule is vital for production planning especially for mixed models assembly especially to satisfy the demand from customers. However, in Malaysia quite often transportation companies especially the bus services facing some problems in inefficiency of final assembly line. This study therefore is carried out to enhance the efficiency of a bus seat assembly line in Malaysia. In this study, the actual final assembly line has been analyses using direct time study and then tested by different assembly line systems. The data collected from actual final assembly line include; operating time, processes, and workstation layout. The best assembly line system will be proposed after tested its efficiency rate. The efficiency comparison of actual assembly line and the proposed assembly line system are also highlighted.


Abstract A critical review of the novel physical properties and physical phenomena exhibited by ternary graphite intercalation compounds (TGICs) is presented. To facilitate discussion of TGICs they are classified according to their major structural features into four specific subgroups, namely homogeneous, heterogeneous, trilayer and localized. Within each subgroup particular compounds are further characterized as donor-donor, donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor. The preparation methods used to synthesize the materials addressed are briefly discussed as are the relevant chemical properties. The emphasis of this review is on the physics of TGICs and in particular the consequences of low-dimensionality. We show that, unlike binary graphite intercalation compounds, TGICs can be prepared with a broad range of compositions at constant stage. This feature and the enhanced interplanar and intraplanar structural variety exhibited by TGICs have stimulated a host of investigations which have extended our understan...


To add damping to systems, viscoelastic materials (VEM) are added to structures. In order to enhance the damping effects of the VEM, a constraining layer is attached, creating a passive constrained layer damping (PCLD) treatment. When this constraining layer is an active element, the treatment is called active constrained layer damping (ACLD). Recently, the investigation of ACLD treatments has shown it to be an effective method of vibration suppression. In this paper, the treatment of a beam with a separate active and PCLD element will be investigated. Two new hybrid variations will be introduced. A Ritz-Galerkin approach is used to obtain discretized equations of motion. The damping is modeled using the Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method and the system is analyzed in the time domain. By optimizing on the performance and control effort for both the active and passive case, it will be shown that hybrid treatment is capable of lower control effort with more inherent damping, and is therefore a better approach to suppressing vibration than ACLD.


The INFRARISK project is developing reliable stress tests on European Critical Infrastructure using integrated tools for decision-support. This aims to achieve higher infrastructure network resilience to rare and low probability extreme events. As part of the project, a hazard assessment methodology is developed to account for extreme natural hazards with cascading effects. Often hazard scenarios arising from cascading effects lead to disastrous consequences because such hazards are not prepared for. In particular, this paper focuses on the cascading hazard scenario involving earthquake triggered landslides. Traditional risk analysis considers each risk source as independent from the others. As a consequence, values for risk are usually defined regardless of interactions among the multiple risks present in a region. The current approach accounts for interaction between the two hazards in such a way that the probabilities of occurrence can be aggregated as part of an overall risk assessment methodology. The methodology is then demonstrated on a virtual road network case study as a proof of concept.


During the aerobic composting of livestock excrement, or leachate, which is generated in the composting process,is distributed through a bulking agent. In this research, a specific microorganism expected to reduce the emissionof odor was activated in livestock excrement supernatant, which is similar...


This article offers a close reading of two sections of Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics, i.e., §70.1 "The True Witness" and §70.2 "The Falsehood of Man" against the background of the post-truth environment. A brief discussion of the post-truth phenomenon highlights how some strands of the resistance to it trade on a binary of objective and subjective approaches to truth and epistemology, insisting on the triumph of the former over the latter as the way of overcoming the problems of knowledge and truth in a post-truth culture. The reading of the two selected texts from the Dogmatics indicate that Barth's discussion of truth and falsehood cuts across that binary. Whilst much of what Barth says in these texts is said in earlier parts of the Dogmatics, it is sharpened in this context by Barth's discussion of the "pious lie," the distortion of the truth within the Christian community, as the fundamental form of falsehood. Alertness to this sin challenges the church to adopt a posture of self-criticism to its own knowledge of the truth. This can be its own form of witness in the post-truth age.


The FT-IR spectrum of chemically pure (C.P.) NO was obtained while the gas was being irradiated by radiation at 121.5 nm. A novel cell design allows the ultraviolet radiation and the infrared probe beam to be co-linear. The exposure time of the gas to the UV radiation ranged from 0 to 100 minutes. Spectra were collected at evenly spaced time intervals during irradiation by the UV radiation. The composition of the gas changed as a function of irradiation time. Experimental results were compared with the calculated change in the composition of the gas by solving a set of simultaneous differential equations based on a kinetic model, giving good agreement. It is shown that the cell may also be used as an actinometer, and may be used as a check on the applicability of some rate equations to reacting systems.


In 1992 we disclosed the synthesis of enantiopure (R)-1acetyl-5-isopropoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one (1) from (S)-malic acid (Scheme 1).1 More recently, Feringa and Kellogg have shown that larger quantities of similar building blocks are available in an efficient manner from elegant enzymatic resolutions of racemic lactams derived from 5-methoxyfuranone.2 Importantly, both methods allow access to either antipode of 1. It was hoped that 1 would be a powerful building block for organic synthesis by virtue of the fact that further functionalization should be possible at all of the ring atoms using well-established methodology.3-5 As part of an ongoing research program committed to total synthesis via enantiopure iminium ion intermediates,6 herein we wish to report that Michael additions to 1 proceed in essentially quantitative yields, affording building blocks 2 (Scheme 1). Further transformations indeed allow generation of enantiopure N-acyliminium ions 4, which react intramolecularly with tethered nucleophiles to afford substituted azabicyles 5 in excellent yields. This flexible strategy toward such bicycles in enantiopure form should be particularly valuable considering its recent emergance as a structural unit in roseophilin, a natural product with promising anticancer properties.7 Our efforts toward its first enantioselective total synthesis are also disclosed. Michael additions to enantiopure 3-pyrrolin-2-ones have not been extensively studied. Previous attempts used metalated enolate anions.8 We expected the presence of the N-acetyl group in 1 to enhance the electrophilicity of the double bond,9 making it a good Michael acceptor and thus allowing additions to take place under milder conditions. First, the configurational stability of 1 under the conditions envisaged for the addition reactions was checked. After being stirred in DMF at rt in the presence of Et3N for 72 h, the optical purity of 1 remained virtually unchanged (>96% ee). The Michael additions of a range of stabilized nucleophiles are summarized in Table 1. The reactions were generally performed in DMF containing Et3N (1 equiv). The final entry shows addition of methyl phenylsulfonyl acetate. As this nucleophile was of identical polarity to the product 9, only 1 equiv could be used. Thus, a large excess of the Et3N base was used to achieve complete reaction. In all cases, only trans-products (6-9) were obtained, as deduced from the singlets for H5 of the pyrrolin-2-one moiety,10 in excellent yields. The unsymmetrical nucleophiles afforded products 6 and 9 as 1:1 diastereomeric mixtures at the side chain stereocenter. With the more hindered methyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)hexanoate, no significant addition had taken place after 30 h, thus precluding the use of nucleophiles "prealkylated" with π-electrophiles vide supra. The active methine function in the lactam products could be further functionalized by alkylation. Such reactions permitted introduction of potential π-nucleophiles for use in later iminium ion cyclizations. These alkylation reactions are also summarized in Table 1. Anions were generated with NaH in DMF before addition of a suitable alkyl halide alkylating agent. With bromides and chlorides, LiI was used to accelerate the reactions and increase yields. A variety of unsaturated nucleophiles were introduced in good yield.11 With quantities of 10-13 in hand we were now in a position to examine cyclization reactions between the tethered π-nucleophile and the iminium ion generated by acidinduced loss of the isopropoxy group. Few examples of this type of intramolecular cyclization reaction exist,3,12 but considering the constrained position of the nucleophile above the planar iminium ion, we were confident that the reaction would afford the desired cis-fused bicycles. The results are given in Table 2. The N-acyl group was first deprotected using excess dimethylamine in either CH2Cl2 or DMF3a (iminium ion generation is not possible when the nitrogen atom is flanked by two acyl groups).6c The products obtained were sensitive to hydrolysis at C5 and so were used immediately following solvent removal without further purification. The first two entries in Table 2 show cyclization of the isoprenyl nucleophile. The reaction proceeded in good yield with either formic acid or titanium tetrachloride. As expected, only the 5-exo-trig cyclization mode occurred (via (1) Koot, W.-J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1059. (2) Van der Deen, H.; Cuiper, A. D.; Hof, R. P.; Van Oeveren, A.; Feringa, B. L.; Kellogg, R. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3801. (3) (a) Koot, W.-J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1941. (b) Koot, W.-J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 7969. (4) Koot, W.-J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 156. (5) Newcombe, N. J.; Ya, F.; Vijn, R. J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 767. (6) (a) (-)-Peduncularine total synthesis: Klaver, W. J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2588. (b) Approaches toward gelsedine: Beyersbergen van Henegouwen, W. G.; Hiemstra, H. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 8862. (c) For a review see: Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Fleming, I., Eds; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991; Vol. 2, Chapter 4.5. (7) (a) Hayakawa, Y.; Kawakami, K.; Seto, H.; Furihata, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2701. (b) Nakatani, S.; Kirihara, M.; Yamuda, K.; Terashima, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 8461. (c) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2944. (d) Kim, S. H.; Figueroa, I.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 2601. (8) (a) Langlois, N.; Andriamialisoa, R. Z. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 3057. (b) Baldwin, J. E.; Moloney, M. G.; Shim, S. B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 1379. (9) Vedejs, E.; Gadwood, R. C. J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 376. (10) Thaning, M.; Wistrand, L.-G. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1406. (11) For the synthesis of Me3SiCH2CtCCH2OH: Mastalerz, H. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 4092. The alcohol was converted into the iodide using MsCl/ KI or Ph3P/I2/imidazole (90%). (12) (a) Wijnberg, J. B. P. A.; Speckamp, W. N. Tetrahedron 1978, 34, 2579. (b) Gramain, J.; Remuson, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26, 4083. Scheme 1 220 J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 220-221


Recent measurements of the reflection (back-scattering), transmission and absorption of solar radiation and also the emission and absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation by liquid-water and ice-crystal clouds are reviewed. The measurements are made by a suite of radiometers on board the Meteorological Office flying laboratory operating at visible, infrared and microwave wavelengths. Values of radiative properties such as cloud reflectance/albedo transmittance, absorptance and optical depth derived from these measurements are compared with corresponding theoretical and model computations. The radiometric measurements are interpreted in terms of simultaneous measurements of cloud height, thickness, temperature, the liquid-water and ice contents of the cloud, the concentration, size and shape of the cloud droplets and ice crystals. The limitations and uncertainties of the radiometric and microphysical measurements, and the deficiencies of the models are described. The effects of clouds on the Earth's radiation budget, and hence on the global climate, are discussed, together with their influence on model predictions of global warming attributed to emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 and methane.


In recent years, the use of mobile Internet has been increasing year by year, and its application in teaching has attracted much attention. In view of this, taking fragmentation and systematic teaching as the research object and combining with the curriculum practice, this paper first classifies the application of mobile internet, then puts forward the application methods of mobile Internet in fragmentation teaching from two aspects of enhancing memory and improving attention, and finally compares and diverges, classifies and summarizes. The mobile Internet will be applied to systematic teaching. In the teaching process, increasing the use of intelligent terminals reasonably can not only enhance students' learning enthusiasm and interest, but also improve students' memory and attention, which is helpful to form a teacher-led, student-centered teaching model. Keywords—mobile; Internet; fragmentation; memory; attention; systematization


Recent studies of the brain in various subfields have shown that memory is really a type of re-creation—piecing together many elements stored separately. Memory, creativity and their connections have been focal points in cognitive studies of music, but seldom have they been approached from the vantage point of music in oral tradition, which is the primary mode of transmitting


By combining a liquid primer and a plasma jet system, a new route to improved adhesion on various substrates has been developed. The liquid primer is introduced as an aerosol into a plasma jet and the resultant active species are deposited as a polymer coating on adjacent surfaces. Careful control of the plasma parameters produced a dry polymerised coating with functional chemistry designed to enhance the adhesion of silicone sealants to two substrates. This paper describes the surface chemistry and adhesion properties of various coatings on both a plastic and a metal substrate. Selected surface analysis techniques were coupled to both wet and dry adhesion testing to characterise the factors that control adhesion within the system. Mechanical testing indicates that adhesion was improved by several orders of magnitude.


This paper points out that there is distinction from the types and tokens of the theories of grammatical basic unit,proposes that we must ascertain the basic unit of Chinese grammar according the unification of conciseness principle and adequacy principle.It criticizes the theory of phrase basic unit,and advocates that the theory of word and clause dual basic unit is better.It also discusses the relations between the theory of grammatical basic unit and the grammar system,grammar ideas,grammar works,research strategies.


The Triangular Plan of the 1960s was a key moment in the rightward shift of the Bolivian Revolution (1952–1964). Billed by the United States, West Germany, and the Inter-American Development Bank as a generous loan program to "rehabilitate" the Bolivian tin mines, the plan also gave its architects a chance to discipline Bolivian workers, further privatize the Bolivian economy, and test the usefulness of conditional economic aid in containing revolutionary nationalism. From an analysis of the Triangular Plan it is possible to draw three major conclusions about postwar U.S. policy with regard to Latin America: (1) independent nationalism and popular militancy, rather than Soviet-style Communism, were the primary fears of policy makers; (2) the response to the Bolivian Revolution was not, as some have implied, indicative of benign intentions in the face of revolutionary nationalism; and (3) Bolivia often served as a "test case" or laboratory for policy measures.


The stability of a horizontal layer of poorly conducting dielectric liquid subjected to a unipolar injection of ions and a thermal gradient is studied. Ions arising from injections and dissociation are supposed to have the same nature. Ionic mobility and electric permittivity are allowed to vary linearly with temperature. The linear stability analysis has been carried out by means of a Galerkin method with one and two trial functions. A single trial function provides useful analytical relations between parameters for the neutral stability surface. A second trial function is necessary to account for the existence of overstability in the absence of a thermal gradient and to achieve better accuracy in the solution. >


The paper is aimed at a simple analytical approach to predict the no- and on-load features of fractional-slot permanent magnet synchronous machines (FSPMSMs). The proposed approach is based on the combination of: (i) a formulation of the no-load air gap flux density based on the resolution of the Maxwell equations, and (ii) the magnetic equivalent circuit- (MEC) of the stator. The resulting compound analytical model is iteratively solved using a Newton-Raphson algorithm where the stator MEC incorporates position-dependent magneto-motive force (MMF) sources yielded by the no-load air gap flux density-formulation along with those due to the armature magnetic reaction. Prior to do so, a comparison, based on the tradeoff accuracy/CPU time, of three stator MEC networks is carried out. Following the MEC selection, the proposed approach- is applied to three case studies which differ by their slot per pole and per phase number and by the permanent magnet arrangement, leading to the prediction of their no- and on-load features. The obtained analytical results are validated by finite element analysis.


Dynamic particle swarm optimization (PSO) problems are generally characterized by the exhaustively examined issues of the changing location of optima, the changing fitness of optima, and measurement noise/errors. However, the challenging issue of continuously changing problem dimensionality has not been similarly examined. Given that in anytime dynamic resource allocation it is necessary to maintain a high quality solution, we argue that, rather than restarting the PSO algorithm, a more appropriate approach is to design an algorithm that robustly handles changing problem dimensionality. Specifically, we propose an indirect particle encoding scheme specifically designed for a dynamic multi-dimensional PSO algorithm for proportional fair constrained resource allocation. This PSO algorithm is implemented for the proportional fair allocation of power and users to channels within a simulation of an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) wireless network with mobile users switching cells as they traverse the simulation environment. The proposed PSO algorithm is evaluated using simulations, which demonstrate the ability of the proposed indirect encoding scheme to maximize the overall proportional fair optimization goal, without unfairly penalizing the individual components of the solution related to newly introduced problem dimensions.


Hans Schulte, John Noyes, and Pia Kleber, eds., Goethe's Faust: Theatre of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011.332 pp.Twenty articles from papers presented during a summer 2000 Faust colloquium in Toronto encompass this volume's examination of modernity in Goethe's Faust. Hans Schulte provides an introductory overview of the studies' thematic range as well as a cogent definition of modernity. Modernity here connotes exploration of the phenomenology of Goethe's theater-that is, theater as "mystery, pageant, Baroque world stage, spectaculum, panopticum, plays within plays, [and] roles within roles" (1-2).The contributions are uniformly first-rate. Albrecht Schone's piece on "Faust-today" is one of the compilation's most engaging. Schone focuses on modern interpretations oi Faust and the problems that arise when the original is too narrowly reinterpreted through a historical lens. He points out that Faust's experimental nature concerning religion, evil, biomedical science, politics, and economics makes it particularly susceptible to procrustean interpretations that link it to such contemporary notions as modern psychoanalysis and stem-cell research.Equally excellent is Rolf-Peter Janz's article on the modernization of evil. Janz reflects on Mephisto's traditional role as the one who "nourishes and provokes the evil that is part of Faust's character" (33)-his fundamental desire to be continuously active. Janz, however, argues that Mephisto comports with the traditional role of the devil because he dispenses both good and evil in equal measure throughout the work. For Janz, Mephisto cannot be defined by any single principle. As a consequence, there is no grand satanic plan here-not even in the case of Faust's demise. Simply, Faust suborns the murder of Baucis and Philemon and then meets his end. The problem is that he does not consider the consequences of his own actions. Evil is thus the result of the banal. As Janz concludes: "If there is a crime, it is the result of thoughtlessness. And that, too, is a very modern version of evil" (39).Peter Huber, Ulrich Gaier, and others similarly investigate the role of Mephisto, especially in connection with Goethe's ethereal "schwankende Gestalt" (41). Most choose to see his wavering forms as illustrative of the chimerical nature of all Goethe's characters, including Mephisto and Faust, as well as of the very form of the drama itself. Only Martin Swales defines the "Dedication" more traditionally as Goethe's apprehensive thoughts about his own creativity in which the "figures from his creative past come back to haunt him and displace immediate and present concerns" (203).Ernst Osterkamp stakes out new territory concerning Goethe's perspective on classicism and antiquity in Faust II. He points to the fact that, rather than the cultured and refined Olympian gods that we might expect, archaic and sub-Olympian figures populate the work. The reason, he argues, is primarily because by the time Goethe completed the entire work the scientific strides made in archaeology since his youth had rendered his original definition of classical aestheticism and beauty "less idealized and more scientific or empirical" (165). …


The system problems of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) are considered on the basis of statistical data and the ways to solve them under the conditions of the Orenburg region are indicated. The importance of innovations mastering for the production expansion, productivity growth and production costs reduction is emphasized. The reasons of low rates of AIC branches efficiency enhancement, including underfunding of agricultural industries, which hinders the improvement of material and technical bases and introduction of energy saving technologies have been determined. The situation with farm organizations of the Orenburg region has been analyzed and it is shown that 33.3% of large and medium size enterprises are unprofitable, with their level of profitability being 4.6%. It is proved that guaranteed stable supply of the country with food can be achieved only at the expense of the agro-industrial complex modernization on the basis of scientific and technical progress. The necessity of systematic optimization of financial investment flows in agriculture, innovative technological updates in seed production and animals genetics, more effective organization of labor remuneration, development of the agrarian market infrastructure, improvement of life quality of the rural population, personnel keeping and improvement of their skills, development of information and computer programs and introduction of new research developments are substantiated. It is estimated that in the Orenburg region in 2013 the main sources of research and development financing included 51.3% of the budgetary funds, 25.1% of the business sector organizations and 12.7% funds of research organizations. The expenditure on research and development in all the types of activities amounted to only 570.0 million rubles. In order to remedy the existing unfavorable situation, it is recommended to create conditions for attracting competent agribusiness entrepreneurs, skilled, creative professionals able to generate new and innovative ideas and to work effectively under the conditions of competition.


The acid-catalyzed multi-step synthesis of calix[8]arene 1, which contains a regioselectively functionalized upper rim, has been investigated through the careful separation of the resulting by-products. A total of 11 types of cyclic and acyclic by-products were isolated and identified by spectral and microanalytical data. Semiempirical molecular-orbital calculations demonstrated that the synthetic process involves two types of reaction mechanism, one of which leads to the favorably constructed framework, while the other results in undesirable fragmentation reactions via ipso-substitution. A comparison of the theoretical predictions and the observed by-products revealed that steric hindrance, as well as the regioselectivity of the reaction, is also an important factor for determining the reaction pathway. A possible rationale is presented to explain the overall formation process leading to calix[8]arene 1 along with the by-products.


In deep foundation pit construction,diaphragm retaining wall structure not only guarantees the safety and stability of foundation pit itself but also control surrounding stratum displacement and groundwater leakage of deep foundation pit effectively.So it is the key to guarantee foundation pit,surrounding buildings and pipelines.Diaphragm retaining wall construction of Tianjin Metro Line 3 North-station deep foundation pit is taken as an example to summarize main construction control technology of diaphragm retaining wall,which will provide the reference for the similar projects.


From the beginning of 2011, not a day has passed without the media informing us about the events taking place in many Arab countries or the Internet and the blogosphere bringing us the buzz being heard in the Arab world about the revolutionary movements. It is likely that the processes of social change in the Maghreb and in the Arab world, have never before been so widely reported, followed and mediated by the broadcast media - — even hyper-mediated — with an abundance of images and coverage, sometimes in real time, and a huge involvement of all of the actors in this coverage mostly carried out by means of the use of new technologies. A wide-scale political dynamic has been created which reaches into all of the public spheres of the Arab world, both those habitual for political and civic society and those that are non-conventional, such as those expressed in the street or on the web. These socio-political movements of revolution, protest and the expression of grievances has taken the world by surprise. The object of this article is to analyze the intertwining of politics and the media in the events taking place. We analyze the political changes, while reflecting on the role of the media in these processes, whether as principal actors in these dynamics or as the object themselves of study. Our objective is to make understandable the phenomena and the complex interactions, both the apparent and the profound ones, in the process of socio-political changes in the Arab world and also the change in the media landscape in these countries. Key words: Arab Spring, regulation, politics of communication, freedom of speech Depuis les tout premiers jours de cette annee 2011, pas un seul ne passe desormais sans que les medias ne nous rapportent l'actualite qui se deroule dans nombre de pays arabes et sans que le Web et la blogosphere ne bruissent et ne repercutent le "buzz" de ces mouvements de revolte qui se font entendre dans le monde arabe. Jamais, probablement, des processus de changement sociopolitiques dans le Maghreb et le monde arabe en tout cas, n'avaient ete aussi abondamment rapportes, couverts et mediatises, voire surmediatises, avec foisonnement d'images, de couverture parfois en temps reel et d'implication large des acteurs dans cette couverture a travers notamment les supports electroniques. Une dynamique politique de grande ampleur s'est enclenchee et qui a atteint toutes les spheres publiques dans le monde arabe, qu'elles soient conventionnelles, celles de la societe politique et de la societe civile, ou non conventionnelles, comme celles qui s'expriment dans la rue ou a travers le web. Ces mouvements socio-politiques de revolte, de protestation et de revendication ont surpris. Analyser l'imbrication du politique et du mediatique dans les developpements en cours dans le monde arabe est I'objet de cette communication. Nous traiterons de ces changements politiques en reflechissant sur la place des medias dans ces processus, qu'ils soient donc acteurs dans ces dynamiques ou qu'ils en soient eux-memes l'objet. Notre ambition est de rendre intelligibles des phenomenes et des interactions complexes, apparentes et profondes, entre les processus de changement sociopolitiques dans le monde arabe et la mutation que vit le paysage mediatique dans ces pays. Mots cle: printemps arabe, regulation, politiques de communication, liberte d'expression.


The invention discloses a liquid crystal display panel and a gate drive circuit thereof. The gate drive circuit comprises a plurality of shift register circuits which are cascaded together in series; each shift register circuit comprises a first pull-down retaining circuit which is coupled to the first node, a first clock signal, a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage and used for retaining the low level of the first node, a compensating circuit coupled to the first node or the first pull-down retaining circuit and used for compensating the potential of the first node or the first pull-down retaining circuit. As a result, the stability of long-term operation of the gate drive circuit is improved, and furthermore, the quality of the display panel is improved.


With the continuous occurrence of juvenile crimes, juvenile crime has become a problem that cannot be ignored in Chinese society. The article believes that to analyze the causes of juvenile crime from the perspective of psychology, it is necessary to explore the special psychological characteristics of juveniles themselves, but also to consider the influence of the external social environment on the formation of juvenile criminal psychology.


Heterogeneous charge transfer processes at sensitized wide bandgap semiconductor surfaces are imperative for both fundamental knowledge and technical applications. Herein, we focus on the investigation of carrier dynamics of a triphenylamine-based dye, LEG4, sensitized TiO2 (LEG4/TiO2) in contact with two types of electrolyte systems: pure cobalt-based electrolytes and in combination with an organic donor, tri(p-anisyl)amine (TPAA). Four different cobalt redox systems with potentials spanning a 0.3 V range were studied, and the carrier recombination and regeneration kinetics were monitored both at low and at high TiO2 (e–) densities (1.3 × 1018 and 1.3 × 1019 cm–3, respectively). The results reveal that the introduction of the TPAA intermediate more effectively suppress the recombination loss of TiO2 (e–) under high charge conditions, close to open-circuit, as compared to low charge conditions. As a result, the charge transfer from the cobalt complexes to the oxidized dyes is significantly improved by the...


We quantitatively distinguish the fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to aerosol forcing using the outputs from 16 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The mechanism of the EASM change due to aerosol forcing is then evaluated from the perspective of upper‐tropospheric temperature change. The results show that aerosol forcing leads to the weakening of the EASM circulation and decreases in precipitation. The aerosol‐induced fast atmospheric response dominates the weakening of EASM and the decreased precipitation over the eastern China. In the fast response, upper‐tropospheric cooling in the mid‐latitudes of East Asia during summer changes the circulation structure, thereby causing the weakening of the EASM. The formation of upper‐tropospheric cooling is closely related to the eastward propagation of atmospheric cooling caused by aerosol forcing in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport. The slow ocean‐mediated response to aerosol forcing partially offsets the weakening of the EASM over the eastern China in the fast response. In the slow response, southwesterly wind is enhanced and precipitation is increased over the eastern China, while southwesterly wind is weakened over the northwestern Pacific and the South China Sea, which dominates the decrease in precipitation over the oceans. The aerosol‐induced changes of land–sea thermal contrasts further confirm that the decrease of upper‐tropospheric land–sea thermal contrasts over East Asia in the fast response plays a key role in driving the weakening of the EASM.