We present main results of the investigation of the rare decay mode D0 → γγ, in which the long distance contributions are expected to be dominant. Using the Heavy Quark Chiral Lagrangian we have considered the anomaly contribution which relates to the annihilation part of the weak Lagrangian and the one loop π, K diagrams. The loop contributions which are proportional to g and contain the a1 Wilson coefficient are found to dominate the decay amplitude. The branching ratio is then calculated to be (1.0 ± 0.5) × 10−8. Observation of an order of magnitude larger branching ratio could signal new physics. Contributed Paper for LPO1 In the past years the rare decays of B mesons came under the spotlights as the source of possible signals of new physics. In the meanwhile studies of rare D decays have received much less attention. Partially this is because theoretical investigations of D weak decays are rather difficult, also due to the presence of many resonances close to this energy region. The penguin effects on the other hand, which are very important in B and also in K decays, are usually suppressed in the case of charm mesons due to the presence of d, s, b quarks in the loop with the respective values of CKM elements. Nevertheless, D meson physics has produced some interesting results in the past year. Experimental results on time dependent decay rates of D0 → K+π− by CLEO [1] and D0 → K+K− and D0 → K−π+ by FOCUS [2] have stimulated several studies on the D0 − D̄0 oscillations [3]. The recently measured D* decay width by CLEO [4] has provided the long expected information on the value of DDπ coupling. Among the rare D decays, the decays D → V γ and D → V (P )l+l− are subjects of CLEO and FERMILAB searches [5]. On the theoretical side, these rare decays of charm mesons into light vector meson and photon or lepton pair have been considered lately by several authors (see, e.g., [6][11], for radiative leptonic D meson decay see [12]). The investigations of D → V γ showed that certain branching ratios can be as large as 10−5, like for D0 → K̄∗0γ, D+ s → ρ+γ [6, 11]. However, the decays which are of some relevance to the D0 → 2γ mode studied here, like D0 → ρ0γ, D0 → ωγ, are expected with branching ratios in the 10−6 range [13]. Thus, it is hard to believe that the branching ratio of the D0 → 2γ decay mode can be as high as 10−5 in the Standard Model (SM), as found by [14]. Apart from this estimation, there has been no other detailed work on D0 → 2γ prior to our analysis [15]. In addition to these theoretical studies there are experimental attempts to observe this decay rate done by CLEO and FOCUS [16]. On the other hand, in the B and K meson systems there are numerous studies of their decays to two photons. For example, the Bs → γγ decay has been studied with various approaches within SM and beyond. In SM, the short distance (SD) contribution [17] leads to a branching ratio B(Bs → γγ) ≃ 3.8 × 10−7. The QCD corrections enhance this rate to 5 × 10−7 [18]. On the other hand, in some of the SM extensions the branching ratio can be considerably larger. The two Higgs doublet scenario, for example, could enhance this branching ratio by an order of magnitude [19]. Such "new physics" effects could at least in principle be dwarfed by long distance (LD) effects. However, existing calculations show that these are not larger than the SD contribution [20], which is typical of the situation in radiative B decays [21]. In the K0 system the situation is rather different. Here, the SD contribution is too small to account for the observed rates of KS → 2γ, KL → 2γ by factors of ∼ 3 − 5 [22], although it could be of relevance in the mechanism of CP-violation. Many detailed calculations of these processes have been performed over the years (see recent refs. [22] -[25] and refs. therein), especially using the chiral approach to account for the pole diagrams and the loops. These LD contributions lead to rates which are compatible with existing measurements. Motivated by the experimental efforts to observe rare D meson decays [16], and noticing that Bs → γγ offers possibility to observe physics beyond the SM, we undertook an investigation of the D0 → γγ decay [15]. Here we present only the main results of our analyses, while the details of our work are presented in [15]. The short distance contribution is expected to be rather small, as already encountered in the one photon decays [6, 7], hence the main contribution would come from long distance interactions. In order to treat the long distance contributions, we use the heavy quark effective theory combined with chiral perturbation theory (HQχPT) [26]. This approach was used before for treating D strong and electromagnetic decays [27]-[29]. The leptonic and semileptonic decays of D meson were also treated within the same framework (see [27] and references therein). The approach of HQχPT introduces several coupling constants that have to be determined from


create preferred social outcomes. New policy, to be so called, must seek to bring about new distributions of power, of social statuses, and of economic and educational goods. Thus, if new distributions of power, statuses, income and education are not involved, we are not really dealing with policy and policy making. We may be dealing perhaps with rules, regulations, plans or procedures (3). Since policy making involves new distributions, it is predominantly a political process. The policy making culture includes both the power elite (policy makers in power) and the counter-elite (policy makers out of power or dissidents) with their separate social visions and their own schemes of distributions of social and economic goods. Planning stands between policy making and program action. It is a design process, involving the articulation of means to achieve policy intentions, within a particular time frame. Planning is by no means immune to political pressures, but it is predominantly a research-based activity.


Implicit Runge‐Kutta (RK) methods are in common use when addressing stiff initial value problems (IVP). They usually share the property of A‐stability that is of crucial importance in solving the latter type of IVP. Radau IIA family of implicit RK methods is among the preferred ones. Especially its fifth‐order representative named RADAU5 has received a lot of attention for use with lax accuracies. Here, we try the lesser possible perturbation of its coefficients. Then, we derive a trigonometric fitted modification that is intended to be applied in periodic IVPs. Numerical tests over a variety of problems with oscillatory solutions justify our effort.


Questions the viewpoint in the original article-"when the indoor temperature is constant, the air conditioning energy consumption decreases as indoor relative humidity decreases" by illustrating that the relationship does not necessarily exist. States that the air conditioning energy consumption may increases, decreases or keeps constant as indoor relative humidity decreases when the fresh air requirement changes.


To ensure the construction quality of large bulk concrete and to avoid the crack,some measures should be taken in terms of the control of temperature rising,delay of cooling rate,decrease of concrete contraction,boost of pulling limit on concrete,improvement of restriction degree and the construction design etc.Expected effects will be achieved with scientific confecting and appropriate irrigation time.


We derive the ultraviolet-optical-infrared (uvoir) bolometric luminosity evolution of SN 1987A for days 14-432 since outburst from the direct integration of optical and infrared spectrophotometry. For a given assumed distance modulus and reddening to SN 1987A, this method is more accurate than estimates of the uvoir bolometric luminosity based on the integration of broad-band magnitudes. We show that between days 130-300, SN 1987A declined exponentially with an e-folding time of 109.6±0.3 days, consistent with the thermalized energy released by the radioactive decay of 56 Co. By day 300, the decline rate of the uvoir luminosity had increased significantly, consistent with model predictions of the growing transparency of the hydrogen envelope of SN 1987A to the 56 Co γ-rays


This paper presents the research and experimentation developed throughout the ongoing project From Transtopia to Supertopia. It explores the connections between art, bioArt, technology, and data visualization. Transtopia and Supertopia are two multi-layered projects that deal with archives, maps, and human migratory movements based on climate displacement predictions. Its starting point was at In-Situ Artist Residency and V54 (Hong Kong), and the second research moment was at the Halaqat research project at IMAL in Brussels. Transtopia, developed during the artist's residency in Hong Kong (January to April 2020), was based on three propositions: What if the archivist's worst nightmare came true and all our paper-based archives were suddenly lost forever, the body of each document mercilessly eaten away by a strange virus or bug plague? What if all the layers that map and separate the real and the imagined city collapsed onto themselves? Our ecological odds are just as flimsy. What is the use of trying to encapsulate fauna and flora behind glass? The second part of the research, Supertopia dealt with the suggested topic of Politics of Spaces and Bodies, provided by the Halaqat project (March 2022). It examines the different types of "transit" we can experiment with to relate to other people and places. Looking at the predictions related to forced climate displacement, how can the notions of identity and difference be questioned to dilute the human-made borders and increase human efforts to heal our natural environment?


This paper presents a new image hashing technique that exploits the invariant properties of Fourier Mellin Transform (FMT) and Local Linear Embedding (LLE). First, Fourier-Mellin transform is integrated into the domain pixel blocks of the normalized image due to its invariance property in order to improve performance under geometric operations, hence generating a stable feature matrix. Then, data reduction with LLE is applied to the generated feature matrix, and the final hash is constructed after encrypting the invariances of LLE. Conducted experimental evaluation shows that our proposed hashing is robust against digital manipulations, such as rotation, scaling, cropping, JPEG compression, brightness/contrast adjustment, etc, and also reaches good discrimination. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art algorithms also reveals that our hashing outperforms its counterparts in classification performances between robustness and discriminative capability.


The present invention is directed to a solar cell module support structure for supporting a plurality of solar cell modules (2) arranged in row and column directions, including: a matrix coupling fitting (4) in which two engagement portions (4d) respectively facing mutually opposite outer directions are formed; wherein the matrix coupling unit (4) is disposed between rows of four solar cell modules (2) arranged in two rows and two columns, frame members (8) of two of the solar cell modules (2) arranged in one row are engaged with one of the engagement portions (4d) of the matrix coupling unit (4), and frame members (8) of the other two solar cell modules (2) arranged in the other row are engaged with the other engagement portion (4d) of the matrix coupling unit (4), so that the four solar cell modules (2) are coupled to each other with the matrix coupling unit (4).


The present invention discloses a process for producing formic from carbon dioxide and acid water by electro-reduction of CO2 in the gas phase. The method uses electrochemical cells, the cathode is composed of a porous solid conductor and an active layer containing dispersed metallic nanoparticles and catalyzing the reaction selectively to formic acid. Formic acid product is then separated from the residual CO2 by crystallization, the CO2 is recycled to the electrochemical cell.


Recently, online consumer reviews are one of the important information sources of the electronic word-of-mouth around world. In this study, we developed a structural model of perceived influence of online consumer reviews and compared this model between Korea and U.S. The empirical results demonstrated that consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) had a positive impact on the perceived usefulness of online reviews. The results also indicated that the Internet shopping experience had a significant effect on the perceived usefulness and usage frequency of online reviews, respectively. However, the Internet shopping experience did not have a significant effect on the usage frequency of online reviews for U.S. samples. The perceived usefulness of online reviews had a positive effect on the usage frequency of the online reviews. In addition, the perceived usefulness and usage frequency of the online reviews had a significant impact on perceived influence of the online reviews. This study also investigated a comparison of the structural model. The results supported the moderating effects of national culture in several paths. Based on these results, we discuss implications for international online marketing communication.


Young women's economic status in Daramalo Woreda is highly influenced by the patriarchal culture of African tradition. There were no sufficient studies made in the study area about women's empowerment. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of economic empowerment of young women in the study area. To achieve the objective of this study, a total of 354 samples of young women were selected from six Kebeles and interviewed through a well-organized structured questionnaire. Primary and secondary data sources were used for this study. A cross-sectional survey design was also employed to achieve the study objective. The researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative datawere collected through Focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants' interviews (KII) and analyzed descriptively to strengthen quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the collected data. The overall five domains-based empowerment assessment results showed that 25% of the young women in the study area were empowered. Parameters such as production decision (26.29%) autonomy in production (23.39%), ownership of assets (38.38%), purchase, sale, and transfer of assets (18.97%), speaking in public (26.02%) control over the use of income (22.28%) and workload (30.08%) are many contributing indicators. The improvement of the contribution of each indicator to young women's disempowerment according to theirimportance shall reduce disempowerment and facilitate adequate empowerment in all dimensions. Hence, based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that policymakers are expected to create enabling environment for young women. Since the contribution of women in reducing poverty and hunger is more important, the concerned bodies of the woreda should promote empowering young women's status for deciding on all economic and income-generating activities. It is better to ensure young women access to education, loan provision services, training on decision-making, and good governance access. Moreover, non-farm income and economic empowerment are significant in the current study. Accordingly, the Daramalo Woreda should expand more consistent and regular non-farm/off-farm activities, training the young women of the area about job creation with the respective support and increasing income from that activity.
Keywords: Young Women, Economic Empowerment, Daramalo Woreda, Southern region


Emerging electronic computing systems are becoming more vulnerable to the occurrence of soft errors in different system components (e.g., processors, memory, GPUs). To assess more useful information of the soft error reliability of multicore systems, this work proposes the extension of a fault injection framework, by including tools to trace and profile applications behavior under the presence of faults. Our approach is up to 10 times faster than simply parsing the application's disassembly, and it can show that, when affected by a fault, memory instructions are one of the safest in terms of crashing.


In contrast with the significant amendments made to the various business entity acts in 2010 and the adoption of the Kentucky Business Entity Filing Act, the 2011 amendments are far fewer and are safely characterized as being of a narrow technical nature.


Vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown conflicting findings particularly when analyzing longitudinal data. We introduce white matter hyperintensity (WMH) longitudinal morphometric analysis (WLMA) that quantifies WMH expansion as the distance from lesion voxels to a region of interest boundary.


Visual perception can provide environmental information for the control strategy of the unmanned surface vehicle, and the detection of wave grade is an important aspect of visual perception. Based on the theory of Fourier transform, this paper analyzes frequency domain characteristics of the wave image in different light and sea state. According to the relationship between different rectangle ring energy percentage, a method of judging wave grade is proposed. Firstly, the characteristic of the wave image is enhanced through histogram equalization; then, the image is transformed to frequency domain by FT; thirdly, the image features are extracted by the method of rectangle ring energy percentage; finally, waves grade are judged by the relationship between the first and the second stage rectangle ring energy percentage. The experimental results show that this method can effectively detect the wave grade and have the advantage that light condition has less effect on it.


The change of the elastic constant c44 of Si is theoretically investigated in the presence of both free electrons and bound electrons. While in p‐type semiconductors the bound‐hole contribution to the change of the elastic constant c44 is qualitatively different from the free‐hole contribution, the bound‐electron contribution in n‐type Si is essentially identical to the free‐electron contribution. It is shown that this phenomenon results from the facts that the donor ground state of silicon is a singlet and that the six conduction valleys of silicon are uniformly lowered by a shear acoustic wave.


The Internet of Things technology continues to develop and popularize by the relentless march of technology, the application of the Internet of Things technology provides support for logistics supply chain management. The management level and efficiency of the supply chain determine the core competitiveness of the enterprise to a certain extent, Enterprises have higher and higher requirements for logistics supply chain management, therefore, the intelligent logistics supply chain management based on the Internet of Things emerges as the times require. At present, in the logistics supply chain of most enterprises, the speed of information transmission is very low, and information exchange errors often occur, which brings immeasurable losses to enterprises. For this reason, enterprises must strengthen the management work of intelligent logistics supply chain, should integrate the actual situation of the logistics supply chain, build the efficient logistics network with the help of the Internet of Things technology, and lay the foundation for the realization of intelligent management of the logistics supply chain. This paper analyzes and studies the management of intelligent logistics chain under the Internet of Things technology, and aims to promote the efficient development of logistics supply chain.


Exposure and adoption of opinions in social networks are important questions in education, business, and government. We describe a novel application of ubiquitous computing based on using mobile phone sensors to measure and model the face-to-face interactions and subsequent opinion changes of undergraduates during the US presidential election campaign. We find that self-reported political discussants have characteristic interaction patterns and can be predicted from sensor data. Mobile features can be used to estimate unique individual exposure to different opinions, and help discover surprising patterns of dynamic homophily related to external political events, such as election debates and election day (4th Nov 2008). To our knowledge, this is the first time such dynamic homophily effects have been measured. Using sensor features and estimated exposure and past opinions, it is possible to predict future opinions for individuals (R  ̃0.8, p  ̃0.001), and measured exposure increases explained variance by up to 30% over that of survey responses of past opinions alone.


Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a first line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have specific hyperactive mutations in EGFR. Though patients have seen improvements in survival after EGFR TKI treatment, resistance commonly develops as not all NSCLC cells die following treatment. Indeed, EGFR inhibitor treatment induces both cell-cycle arrest (allowing for cell survival) and death in cancer cells. The FOXO family of transcription factors have been implicated in both death and arrest responses following EGFR inhibition. This is consistent with FOXOs function in regulating both arrest and apoptotic genes programs. However, it is unknown how the FOXO network 'decides9 between these two oppositional programs to enact following treatment with EGFR inhibitors. Protein dynamics, meaning how the levels or location of a protein changes over time, is a mechanism cells use to encode information about cellular fates. The p53 transcription system is an established example of a dynamically regulated system–it responds to multiple inputs and is capable of enacting multiple outputs (gamma radiation causes oscillations of p53 levels that result in cellular arrest while UV causes a sustained increase of p53 levels that result in cellular death). FOXO9s network is similar to the p53 system (multiple input, multiple output), making it a good candidate for dynamic regulation. We have tagged Foxo3a with a fluorescent marker (Venus) at its endogenous locus in PC9 NSCLC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to determine whether FOXO dynamics dictate cell fate following EGFR TKI treatment. Using live cell microscopy on this line, we have acquired FOXO nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics as well as cell fate (death/arrest) in single cells. Using time-series analyses we are trying to determine if there are dynamic patterns associated with each fate following EGFR inhibition. Through our studies, we hope to gain a better understanding of this non-genetic mechanism cells use to determine their fate. Our long-term goal is to identify dynamic patterns that push cancer cells to more terminal fates following treatment. Citation Format: Julie M. Huynh, Kayenat S. Aryeh, Lisa Shanks, Andrew L. Paek. Role of FOXO transcription factor dynamics in determining cell fates following EGFR inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2471.


: Efforts to elaborate the role endophytes have been intensively studied from a different view point for the last two decades. One of the most encouraging works is to find potential sources for novel medicinal compounds. Preliminary screening of fungal endophytes possessing antagonistic activity from rhizomes of Zingiberaceae has been conducted. The aim of this study is to collect potential antagonistic fungal strains against representative microbial pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans . Antagonisms assay was performed by agar plug method in dual culture plate assay. The study found thirty-nine (39) fungal strains collected from rhizomes of five species of Zingiberaceae namely Alpinia sp ., Amomum centrocephalum, Elettaria sp., Etlingera sp. and Hedychium coronarium . Among all strains tested, 20 of them were antagonists of S.aureus, 3 of E.coli and 1 of C.albicans . All antagonist strains showed different degree of inhibitory activities which indicated the different nature of fungal endophytes and their chemical properties.


Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance

 Rhett J. Stoney

 Obtaining Health Care Abroad

 Carolina Uribe

 Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines and Medical Products During Travel

 Michael D. Green

 Travel Health Kits

 Calvin Patimeteeporn

 Severe illness or injury abroad may result in a financial burden to travelers. Travelers can substantially reduce their out-of-pocket costs for medical care received abroad by purchasing in advance specialized insurance policies for their trip, regardless of whether or not they have a domestic health insurance plan. The 3 types of policies are travel insurance, travel health insurance, and medical evacuation insurance. Each provides different types of coverage in the event of an illness or injury and may be of particular importance to travelers with preexisting medical conditions....


An approach to reconfiguration in tree architectures has been developed in which redundant processors are allocated at the leaves. The scheme is called sub-tree oriented fault tolerances (SOFT) and is capable of tolerating both link failures as well as multiple processor failures. In this paper, the SOFT scheme is examined from the perspective of reconfigurability. Specific algorithms are presented for reconfiguration.


The article discusses the features of the formation and development of the economy of the United Arab Emirates. The authors describe in detail the stages of the historical development of the UAE, as well as the legal aspects developed by the government of the UAE in modern conditions.


ABSTRACT
Justice is a diverse issue for different people during a different time span. According to this article, basically there are two elements of justice, namely procedural justice, and substantial justice. How to apply those two aspects to any and all concrete penal cases? A real challenge for those being responsible for law enforcement. Death penalty against the "Three Intellectual Actors" of the Poso III riot has been analyzed as a concrete penal case in its relation to justice as stated in formal legal stipulations and justice as felt by the common people.
Keywords: death penalty, procedural justice, substantive justice.


This study tests the drivers of climate change innovations in the wine industry. Taking a meso (cluster) and micro-level (firm) perspective, results of structural equation modelling analysis suggests that absorptive capacity (micro-level) is directly related to climate change innovations. Alternatively, absorptive capacity is directly related to knowledge exchange in the cluster (meso-level), which in turn is linked to climate change innovations. Hence, absorptive capacity has both direct and indirect effects. The study further finds that climate change innovations are related to firm performance and reductions in greenhouse gases: mitigative innovation impacts on greenhouse gas reductions while adaptive innovation impacts on firm performance. Implications of findings are discussed, along with future research directions and limitations.


Many doctors although they have not firsthand experience of judo, describe it as a sport unsuitable for children. Theoretically speaking falls derived by Judo throwing techniques,could be potentially dangerous,especially for kids,if poorly managed.A lot of researches were focalized on trauma or injuries taking place in judo, both during training and competition The goal of this Research is to define and apply a scientific methodology to evaluate the hazard in falls by judo throws for children during this http URL organizing the research there are defined: Five throws with different falls and flight time. The maximum impact forces and velocities. The contact surfaces of bodies on the Tatami. The Elastocaloric effect to evaluate the energy absorption by Tatami Materials. The maximum Strain on the Tatami. The impact reaction Stress on the children bodies. After valuated the mechanic of this http URL performed the evaluation of contact body surfaces on the Tatami, by a Japanese AVIO Thermal Camera. To connect the impact biomechanics with the potential trauma, the only worldwide accepted methodology both from Medical and Engineering people is the Crash test Methodology. Connecting in this way, the mechanical results with the resulting physiological hazard of Judo throwing techniques. With this use it is proved that correct falls of judo throws are safe for judo boy, on IJF approved Tatami.The last two troubles that our analysis has singled out about still judo throwing techniques training for kids are: The wrong combination of kids during training and the potential long term trauma that have for organ target both Liver and Spleen. These unevaluated problems are present in kids training, in such delicate issues a Digital Assistant named (Hazard Training Sentinel) that is able to alert if cumulative stress for spleen and liver could be dangerous for a specific boy.


OBJECTIVES
There are limited data on the management of hypertension (HT) in Algeria. The aim of this study was to assess in current medical practice the use and benefits of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for the diagnosis and management of HT.

METHODS
A prospective, observational, multicenter study was performed in 2017. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with suspected or treated HT were included. A 24-hour ABPM was performed at baseline in all patients. Therapeutic decision was taken according to ABPM results and patients were then followed up to 6 weeks.

RESULTS
The analysis included 1027 patients (mean age, 51.0 years; women, 61.6%) with treated HT (37.3%) or suspected HT (62.7%). Major cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes (15.7%) and lipid disorders (7.2%). Daytime ABPM was pathological in 55.1% of patients on antihypertensive treatment and in 60.8% of patients with suspected HT. A therapeutic adjustment or a treatment switch was performed after pathological ABPM in 37.4% of patients already on antihypertensive treatment and an antihypertensive therapy was initiated in 54.9% of patients with initially suspected HT. Therapeutic strategy was mainly based on monotherapy regimen in 35.8% of patients with treated HT and in 69.3% of patients with initial suspicion of HT. Most frequent treatments used angiotensin receptor antagonists (55.3% and 50.0%, respectively). Comparable findings were observed 6 weeks later.

CONCLUSIONS
This study is the first evaluation of the usefulness of ABPM for the management of HT in Algeria. Our results emphasize that ABPM is a highly valuable method for avoiding the white-coat effect and for detecting patients who are insufficiently treated with antihypertensive drugs.


This paper examines a problem in the interaction between a soil medium that experiences frost heave and thaw settlement in a closed system, and an underground steel pipeline. To perform this analysis, a submodel and a global model were set up, considering a corrosion pit on a pipe wall. The comparative analysis of the theory and the actual performances was valuable in that it established a level of confidence in the application of the introduced theory to the field. The numerical results show the influence of frost heave and thaw settlement of a granite soil medium on a temperature-dependent stress field on a wall of a pipeline buried in South Korea.


According to the study on the physical, chemical and gemological characteristics of the gem peridot in Damaping of Hebei Province, we preliminarily put forward the genetic model of the peridot ore deposit, which has a directional significance of the exploration of peridot gem deposit in the similar alkali-basalt area.


Narrative phenomena are always changing. As the openness of genres and media are increased, narrative is changing to the phenomenon of culture convergence. In narrative education, too, it is needed to adopt new concept to reflect such changes of narrative phenomena. In a way of it, this study aims to analyze 〈The Tale of Arang〉-based story contents and suggest new concept needed for narrative education. First, Chapter 2 analyzes the types of storytelling in 〈The Tale of Arang〉 -based story contents and examines what need to be considered in narrative education largely in two parts. The first one is to restore orality. 〈The Tale of Arang〉-based story contents use different kinds of media characteristics and restore orality that 〈The Tale of Arang〉 originally had. As orality is restored, relationship between the story creator and the receiver is newly established. The second one is genre convention and its conversion. 〈The Tale of Arang〉-based story contents produce new stories sometimes following the genre convention of horror materials and sometimes violating it. In order to produce and receive a story in narrative education, too, it is needed to consider genre convention that certain story contents belong to. Next, Chapter 3 suggests the concept of narrative education to embrace the new narrative phenomena. They may include 'lacunae in stories', 'complex narrative', and 'strata of speakers', etc. Although these concepts have been frequently discussed in previous narrative theory, this article re-conceptualizes them in the context of narrative education. The goal of narrative education is to foster learners who participate in the narrative world critically and subjectively. The concepts suggested in this paper allow them to recognize the production and acceptance of narrative as a series of activities and provide crucial implications to attain the goal of narrative education.


This article discusses how microeconometrics research has evolved since 1985, the year Stata was released, and how Stata has been part of this process.


The filamentous M13 viruses are widely used as a bio‐template to assemble many different functional structures. In this work, based on its shape anisotropy, reasonable aspect ratio (length to diameter of ≈130), and low density, freestanding, bulk 3D aerogels are assembled from M13 for the first time. These ultralight porous structures demonstrate excellent mechanical properties with elastic behavior up to 90% compression. Furthermore, as the genome of M13 virus can be rationally engineered so that proteins on its capsid or ends can specifically bind to various inorganic materials, aerogels made from inorganic‐complexed M13 structures with versatile functionalities are also developed. As examples for mono‐ and multi‐component structures, M13‐Ru and M13‐CoFe2O4 are explored in this work. This method enables the production of a wide variety of freestanding inorganic material aerogels with extensive opportunities for bio‐scaffolds, energy storage, thermoelectrics, catalysis, hydrogen storage applications, etc., in the future.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


OBJECTIVE Besides effects on body composition, bone mineral content and lipid metabolism, GH seems to influence quality of life, according to previous studies of limited numbers of patients with GH deficiency of childhood and adult origin. In this study psychological well‐being was assessed in a large number of patients with GH deficiency of adult origin.


The progress of the microwave power combining systems based on S-band 20-kW continue wave (CW) magnetrons are presented, which is fulfilled at institute of applied electromagnetics, Sichuan University. A series of research and experiments about injection-locking and power-combining technique on magnetrons are conducted. The performance of injection-locked magnetron is improved and a power combining system with the output power of over 60.0 kW and combining efficiency of 91.5% is first realized. This system set a new performance record for S-band magnetron power combining systems for injection-locked magnetron with an output power of over 15 kW.


Abstract It is reported in the literature that alkylation of simple (unsubstituted) phosphorane with alkyl halide in ethyl acetate leads to equimolar mixture of alkylated phosphorane and salt of the unsubstituted phosphorane. Here we report exclusive formation of alkylated phosphorane from its salt from benzyl bromide in chloroform. This alkylated phosphorane (2) on reaction with 2-hydroxy carbony1 compounds (1a-1) provide E-ethyl Oc-benzyl cinnamates in high yields which on thermal cyclisation gave 3-benzylf 3-benzyl-4-substituted and benzocoumarins. Thus this method can be used conveniently to synthesise above compounds in good yields.


Relatively rare case of orbital cavernous angioma is described. Disease duration in a female patient aged 37 years was approximately 4 years. Clinical signs: headache, mild exotropia leftward, sometimes diplopia. Also we revealed left proptosis, left eye vision field narrowing, left hyperopia, visual acuity of the right eye 0.9, of the left eye 0.3. We decided to remove the paraplasm using transcranial frontoorbital trepanation. At long-consuming operation paraplasm was totally removed, we managed to keep optic nerve and neuromuscular apparatus of the orbit. After surgery we noted visual acuity increase from 0.3 to 0.9 on the affected side, proptosis decrease, diplopia cessation, headache regression.


The loss and cost introduced by the feeding network and the associated components, e.g., T/R modules or phase shifters and so on, of a large array antenna are the main issue limiting its efficiency and applications. A novel idea in order to build a sparse periodic patch array is presented while keeping similar aperture efficiency by taking advantage of mutual coupling between array elements, and then the total cost of the array can be obviously decreased. Operating principles are carefully addressed based on electric field distributions and impedance matrix. Simulations and measurements show that when the active element spacing is as large as 1.67λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the operating frequency), approximately equal directivity can be achieved, compared to an ideal conventional array with a half-element spacing (0.835λ0) and an identical total size.


We describe a Multiplex Primer Prediction (MPP) algorithm to build multiplex compatible primer sets for large, diverse, and unalignable sets of target sequences. The MPP algorithm is scalable to larger target sets than other available software, and it does not require a multiple sequence alignment. We applied it to questions in viral detection, and demonstrated that there are no universally conserved priming sequences among viruses and that it could require an unfeasibly large number of primers ({approx}3700 18-mers or {approx}2000 10-mers) to generate amplicons from all sequenced viruses. We then designed primer sets separately for each viral family, and for several diverse species such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase segments of influenza A virus, Norwalk virus, and HIV-1.


Can a person's cognitive style influence the efficiency of his short-term memory system? A series of earlier experiments (1, 2) has shown a definite relationship between dream recall and cognitive style. The present investigation sought to determine whether general recall is affected by the cognitive framework used in processmg. Sixty women students, ranging m age from 18 to 22 yr., were given the Cognitive Processes Survey which measures degree of imagmal hfe, attitude about imaginal life, and degree of suppression (2). Subjects were then categorized on the basis of their scores as high or low imagers and as having positive or negative attitudes about imaginal life, The crlterla used were the mean scale values for women obtained from the normative data for The Cogn~t~ve Processes Survey (2). Short-term memory was measured by the Digit Span Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (1). Digits Forward and Digits Backward were administered to subjects individually in accordance with instructions in the WAIS manual. The subject's total short-term memory score was the sum of the hlghest scores obtained for digits forward plus digits backward. High score was defined as the longest series of digits repeated without error. Analysis of variance on the dependent measures yielded significant differences between subjects for the variable, degree of imaginal Me (F,,,, = 5.38. pe.05). The mean number of digits recalled for high imagers was 13.23 (SD =2.08) and for low imagers 12.07 (SD = 1.74). On the variable, attitude toward imaginal life, means were not significantly different (F,,>, = 0.11, p>.10). The mean recall for positive attitude was 12.73 (SD=2.13) and for negative attitude 12.57 (SD = 1.87). These data suggest that the element of cognitive style which has the most influence on short-term memory is the degree of imaginal activities experienced. The person's attitude about these experiences does not seem to affect the processing of short-term memory. Perhaps individuals with richer imaginal lives develop codification processes which, through repetition, allow a more effective transfer from sensory to short-term memory. It is also possible that high imagers have a longer attention span than low imagers and consequently hold stimuli for a longer period of time in the short-term memory buffer system. Research should focus on learning strategies of high imagers as well as the effect of suppression on short-term memory and attitude toward imaginal life.


On studying the chemical composition Of FeruZa kara~av~oaRgl, et Schmalh., in addition to compounds reported previously [i, 2] we have isolated a new coumarln karat~v~c6~ (I), C26Hs~O~, M ~ 442, mp 60-62°C, [~]~s _21 o (c 1.0; ethanol). The UV spectrum-~s 218, 243, 250, 325 nm (log e 4.36; 3.65; 3.53; 4.19, respectively)shows the absorption maxima of a o-substituted 7-hydroxycoumarin~ The IR spectrum shows absorption bands at (cm "~) 3450 (OH group); 1735, 1720 (C=O's of an a-pyrone and of an ester group); 1620, 1518, 1510 (aromatic nucleus).


In our recent research we have discovered that neural networks can be more efficient in speech recognition than the state of the art approach based on Gaussian mixtures. This statement is valid only for small corpora, however, many applications do not require a huge recognition vocabulary. In this article we describe our speech recognizer — called JLASER — based on neural networks. We also show the effect of n-gram language models applied to the JLASER recognizer.


This thesis focuses on studying the effect of tack coat in the performance of binders made with conventional asphalt mix and modified with GCR recycled rubber grain incorporating additives in the asphalt emulsion, looking to optimize the adherent properties between the asphalt binders and promote in this way the good practices in the use of irrigation for pavement.. Laboratory tests are carried out, comparing two types of typical asphalt structural mix packages (base and tread) with rubber asphalt and another in conventional asphalt using asphaltic base a MD-20 type mixture in such a way that for different types of emulsions and dosages will achieve some kind of behavior. If it is possible to verify that by including a chemical additive in the emulsion this improves performance, true monolithic packages would be obtained, offering greater durability of the asphalt mixture in the pavement given the contribution in fatigue behavior. At a laboratory scale it was possible to identify that asphalt emulsions that include latex or directly asphalt rubber irrigations offer a better resistance to shear between folders, mitigating the risk of failure, premature deterioration, maintenance costs, rolling folder displacement, The main advantage is the durability of the structural package.


Equipments of passenger cars with modern technologies are gaining their importance. Related with such developments, the four-wheel steering system (4WS) was introduced recently to a few passenger cars in the market. The most important research goal on this new steering system is improvement of active safety, in other words, improvement of handling characteristics of vehicle stability and manoeuvrability. This paper presents a computer-based study about the effects of 4WS system on the vehicle handling characteristics. A simple bicycle model of 2 d.o.f.is used for the development of four wheel control algorithms of 4WS system, and the rear wheel control strategies are applied to a complex vehicle model of 16 d.o.f.for simulation of selected ISO-driving tests. The 4WS systems, which reduce the sideslip angle at the mass center of vehicle to almost zero, show much improved handling characteristics compared to that of the conventional 2WS system. These 4WS systems, however, result in vehicles with eigen-steer characteristics of extreme understeer behaviour.


The conclusion of the Clinton Administration presents an opportune time to investigate the outcomes of the National Performance Review (NPR). Any such evaluation, however, is complicated by the nature of the objectives sought, many of which relate to subtle and elusive elements of organizational life: empowering employees, inducing a less risk-adverse culture, and enhancing the quality of service delivery. The strategy employed here as a means of gaining insight into such phenomena was to couple a broad review of government-wide survey results with an in-depth investigation into the impact of NPR on a single agency, the Social Security Administration. A conclusion is that many of the NPR's "higher-order" objectives have not been met on a systemic basis. While a variety of proximate explanations for this finding can be identified, a more fundamental explanation relates to a failure by the sponsors to adjust their strategy to account for basic differences between NPR and past reforms.


San Francisco -A novel night firming product containing niacinamide, dexpanthenol, tocopherol acetate, and hydrolyzed wheat protein strengthens the stratum corneum better than nine other commercial firming and moisturizing products, according to transepidermal water loss studies performed by Procter & Gamble.


The tissue microenvironment may affect the development and function of immune cells such as DC. Whether and how the pulmonary stromal microenvironment can affect the development and function of lung DC need to be investigated. Regulatory DC (DCreg) can regulate T‐cell response. We wondered whether such regulatory DC exist in the lung and what is the effect of the pulmonary stromal microenvironment on the generation of DCreg. Here we demonstrate that murine pulmonary stromal cells can drive immature DC, which are regarded as being widely distributed in the lung, to proliferate and differentiate into a distinct subset of DCreg, which express high levels of CD11b but low levels of MHC class II (I‐A), CD11c, secrete high amounts of IL‐10, NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and suppress T‐cell proliferation. The natural counterpart of DCreg in the lung with similar phenotype and regulatory function has been identified. Pulmonary stroma‐derived TGF‐β is responsible for the differentiation of immature DC to DCreg, and DCreg‐derived PGE2 contributes to their suppression of T‐cell proliferation. Moreover, DCreg can induce the generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg. Importantly, infusion with DCreg attenuates T‐cell‐mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo. Therefore, the pulmonary microenvironment may drive the generation of DCreg, thus contributing to the maintenance of immune homoeostasis and the control of inflammation in the lung.


In Thailand, agriculture is one of the major occupations; 40.56 percent the of workers are farmers mostly working in rice paddy. The objectives of this participatory action research were to study processes and to recognize related occupational health and safety problems in rice farming in tambon Klong 7, Klongluang district, Pathumthani. The process of rice farming and health hazards were intensively discussed and analyzed collectively by researchers and 24 ricefarmer volunteers in all 9 villages in the study area. There were 6 steps of rice farming which included land-preparing, germinating and sowing, pesticides-mixing and spraying, fertilizing, weeding, and rice-harvesting process. In that connection, the farmers were subject to injuries, radiation, heat, diseases, chemicals, smoke, organic dust, noise, fatigue, stress, and pain.


We report a numerical investigation of the suppression of "vortex-induced vibration" (VIV) of a cylindrical flexible riser to which are attached various grooved or strip configurations with the ensemble exposed to uniform flow. Based on the thick-strip model, the simulation is done using our in-house three-dimensional VIV solver based on the Open Field Operation and Manipulation toolbox and developed at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (referred to as "viv3D-FOAM-SJTU"). The solver is applied to calculate all the simulations; it uses the Navier–Stokes equations to calculate flow field and the Euler–Bernoulli bending-beam hypothesis to calculate the vibrational displacements of the riser. A slender flexible riser with two spanwise symmetrical strips is first used to determine the appropriate installation angle of the strips, and cylindrical or grooved risers with different strip configurations are used to improve VIV suppression. The numerical results show that the spanwise strip installation angles of 30° and 45° suppress VIV due to the secondary separation of the boundary layer, but suffer from higher crossflow vibration frequency, which brings the risk of inducing high-order mode vibration, the enhancement of the lift correlation along the spanwise direction, and the increment of total drag. The main function of spanwise strips installed at 135° and 150° is to divide the wake region, which also helps suppress VIV. The introduction of grooves in the riser combined with strips of suitable thickness reduces the correlation of lift along the span, which in turn reduces crossflow vibration frequency and the total drag, and enhances VIV suppression. Of all the configurations, the grooved riser with four staggered symmetrical strips most strongly suppresses VIV in the crossflow direction.


Project 1 and 2 focus on the influence of maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) on fetal future health. Epidemiological data indicate that offspring of pregnancies accompanied by maternal GDM have elevated risk of developing overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in life. Recent results propose that fetal insulin resistance (IR) exists already in utero and could be causative for development of overweight and T2D later. Scientific goal of these projects was to investigate placental GDM-associated alterations contributing to fetal programming. Maternal plasma and placental lipid profiles were prepared. These profiles indicate that elevated amounts of saturated non-esterified fatty acids (SFA, i.e. palmitate) of the maternal circulation can be found in placental tissue and contribute to an elevated placental gene expression of PLIN2 and inflammatory genes (TLR2, IL1B, and IL6). Gene expression of these genes in primary trophoblasts isolated from NGT and GDM women resembles expression in whole placental tissue. Furthermore, stimulation of primary trophoblasts with palmitate leads to increased gene expression of PLIN2, inflammatory genes, apelin (APL) and it's receptor APJ. Additionally, GDM was shown to be associated with an elevated placental macrophage accumulation. This finding may result from elevated SFA-mediated IL8 expression in placenta of GDM women. Finally, we investigated if GDM-associated alterations of placental lipid profiles and gene expression contribute to differences of cord blood lipid and inflammatory cytokine concentrations or differences in cord blood APL concentrations. As no GDM-associated elevated fetal plasma SFA and inflammatory cytokine concentrations or differences of APL concentration were found we propose that other mechanisms could contribute to GDM-associated development of in-utero IR. In conclusion, our results indicate that GDM-associated alterations do not directly influence fetal metabolism. In-utero development of fetal IR may therefore result from other mechanisms. Additionally to direct metabolic influences of GDM on the placenta and the fetal metabolism, we investigated if epigenetic differences in maternal blood are associated with GDM. Therefore, the miRNA expression profile of maternal blood was compared between NGT and GDM women. An elevated expression of miRNA-340 could be found in maternal whole blood cells (WBC). In-vitro results of this project indicate that insulin increases the expression of this miRNA. Furthermore, a positive correlation between maternal plasma insulin and WBC miRNA-340 is observed. Additionally the influence of the differentially expressed miRNA on poteintial target genes was investigated. A negative correlation between miRNA-340 expression and PAIP1 protein expression in lymphocytes was seen. In maternal cell-free plasma, further GDM-associated miRNA expression patterns are present. Future studies should investigate the predictive value of these new GDM-associated indicators.


Field studies were conducted in northwestern Tanzania to investigate the effectiveness of phytosanitation for managing cassava mosaic disease (CMD). The trials were set in areas with contrasting disease-spread conditions using varieties differing in the level of resistance to CMD. There were significant differences (P 0.05) affect tuber yield of cassava. For the cassava, local landraces (i.e. Rushula, Kaitampunu and Mukarukwatage) were more affected by CMD than the introduced ones (i.e., MM 96/ 8233, SS4, Mygera and TMS 4(2) 1425). Significant differences were noted among varieties and growing seasons, which implied that the effect of growing season and variety influence virus infection levels. Further, significant (P < 0.001) differences were observed in cassava plant height (m), tuberous root number per plant, and CMD incidences and CMD severity at 12 MAP, but not in tuberous root weight per plant. The results from this study suggest that phytosanitary practices may not work when used alone. Level of varietal resistance, disease inoculum pressure in the locality and time of planting need to be taken into account when recommending the use of phytosanitary practices to control CMD in farmers' fields.


Two supported ionic liquids using molecular sieve SBA-15 as supporter were prepared and employed as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 2-butanol (SBOH) via the transesterification of sec-butyl acetate and methanol (MeOH). [SBA-15-Ps-im]HSO4 performed better in the catalytic activity and was chosen for further studying the influence of experimental conditions. The effects of various parameters, such as the catalyst dosage, initial reactant molar ratio, and reaction time on the reaction were investigated systematically. The maximum conversion of sec-butyl acetate (89.2%) was obtained under the optimum reaction conditions. In addition, the catalyst of supported ionic liquids can be easily separated by simple filtration, and the reusability test indicates that the catalyst has outstanding utility for repeated use. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this paper is to show that many optimization problems for educational and manpower planning models can be written in a standard dynamic linear programming form. A basic model of educational planning is described and extensions of the model (investment and vocational training submodels and a three level educational model) are given.

When describing models, two basic models are singled out using two different controls: recruitment in the first and promotion in the second. Finally, an integrated model of economy-manpower interaction is considered.

The possibilities and limitations of DLP as applied to manpower and educational planning problems are discussed.


In the study of laminated plates it is interesting to consider the thermal stiffening effects caused by the difference between cure and operation temperatures. This paper presents a finite element formulation , according to the Reissner-Mindlin theory, of the buckling problem of laminated composite plates under thermal residual stresses. A geometric stiffness matrix is obtained and applied to several critical load buckling problems of composite plates. The numerical results are compared to results available in the literature.


Objective To develop an HPLC method for the determination of the procyanidins in the purple sweet potato.Methods Crushed the purple potato,ultrasonic extraction,hydrolysis in the role of ferric ammonium sulfate,the procyanidins was determinated by HPLC under 525nm of UV detector.Results In this method,when the range of the concentration was 0.01 mg/mL-0.15 mg/mL,the peak area and concentration could form the linear relationship,with the relative standard deviation was 5.29%~8.59%,and the recoveries was80.7%~85.2%.Conclusion This method was suitable for the determination of procyanidins in purple sweet potato,with the wide linear range,high accuracy and precision.


Objective: Accumulation of CD4+28null cells, with a proinflammatory and senescent phenotype, has been associated with unstable conditions of coronary artery disease (CAD). Human cytomegalovirus (HC ...


There are an increasing number of overweight and obesity children in recent years and the problems about their physical and psychological health become more serious that arouse wide public concern. At present,child overweight and obesity is mainly controlled by behavior modification,balance diet and fitting exercise. The author summarized his viewpoint with regard to the prevalent present condition of the child overweight and obesity,its diagnosis method,the harm of overweight and obesity to the children's health,its prevention and treatments.


There are four limitations in the indemnification for product liability damage in our country: the indemnification system isn't con- cordant; the sum of indemnity for physical injury appears to be somewhat small; the function of damage indemnification is too simplistic; the criterion of defining the liability damage indemnification of product contracts lacks justice. In order to adapt to the development of market economy and the demands for the entry of WTO, China should further perfect her indemnification system of product liability damage, e.g. the liability damage indemnification of product contracts ought to include the indemnification of physical injury; personal injury indemnification should be dynamic; the applicable scope of punishing indemnification should be expanded appropriately; and the criteria of the limitation of indeminficationion liability should be just, fair and so forth.


ABSTRACT Using the concepts of spectres, liminality and aporia as conceptualised by Jacques Derrida, this article offers a critical read to Kosovo's conundrums with its sovereignty. The main argument of this article is that in the system of sovereign states, Kosovo is permanently entangled in an aporetic situation in that it has to coexist between being a recognised and a contested state; between a legitimate and illegitimate polity; between unequivocally European and permanently detached from the EU. The article relies on longitudinal data gathered from digital and traditional ethnographic research in Kosovo conducted over the past seven years, including a dozen interviews with NGO actors, university professors, and journalists in Kosovo. In its conclusion, the article opens up the debate whether the only way to imagine Kosovo is in it being permanently unfinished, oscillating between meanings, concepts, and statuses.


Fifty-five sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm from the Rural Development Administration (RDA) were analyzed for their fruit yield and fruit quality characters, including fruit weight, fruit size, pericarp thickness, total soluble content, fruit lobe, fruit shape, fruit surface and fruit color. Fruit yield per plot ranged from 200 g to 8150 g (average, 1884 g). Fruit fresh-weight per fruit ranged from 27.3 g to 200.0 g with an average of 97.2 g. Fruit length varied from 4.0 cm to 16.2 cm (average, 9.6 cm). Fruit length-to-width ratio ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 with an average 1.7. The fruit pericarp thickness ranged from 1.8 mm to 10.7 mm (average, 4.8 mm). Total soluble content was the highest (8.5°Brix) in K156286 and the lowest (5.3°Brix) in K156208 with the average value 6.7°Brix. Fruit lobes numbers varied from 2 to 4. Blocky, triangular, elongated, rectangular and round fruit shape identified among the sweet pepper accessions. Fruit surface varied from smooth to wrinkle and fruit color also varied. The presence of variability in fruit yield and quality traits within the sweet pepper genotypes can be utilized to develop high yielding sweet pepper variety with better fruit quality characters.


Abstract This paper explores the effect of colour and gloss on the solar/thermal gain achieved by organically coated steels (OCSs) under external and artificial exposure conditions. External and artificial exposure tests have shown that the colour of an organic coating has a dramatic effect on the thermal gain. Otherwise identical black and white panel assemblies have been found to experience average thermal gains of 16 K and 1·6 K, respectively, over a typical UK daylight exposure. The coating gloss also affects the solar gain but to a much less significant level, with the thermal gain for standard panel colours changing by only 2·5 K when gloss levels are altered between 80 and 10%. Thus, the colour of the organic coating was the most important factor controlling thermal gain. To control solar gain, novel panel assemblies have been prepared in which thermochromic inks with two temperature dependent colours have been incorporated with an OCS topcoat. These have been compared with traditional OCS products, with similar colour and gloss to the two extremes of colour of the novel material. It has been found that as the temperature of the test panels rises and the colour of the organic coating is converted to its lighter shade, the thermal gain of the panel assemblies is lowered and thus the panels have a self-thermostatting capability.


ABSTRACT The Australian Army, while having a long association with Papua New Guinea after the Second World War and before independence in 1975, is often conceptualized as a small player in the decolonization process, of interest to scholars because of its cost and potential threat to democratic government. This article examines the Army's education programme and associated policies in the decade before independence to argue that the institution was acutely aware of looming decolonization, and actively sought to create a national Papua New Guinean military by repurposing policies originally designed to serve Australia's defence needs, in particular through 'civic' education. It embarked on this path without direction from the Department of Territories. While the results of 'civic' education are difficult to determine, this article shows that the Australian Army was engaged in the profound shifts occurring around it in Papua New Guinea.


Abstract: Some phenomena of the biology and ecology of the microbe (Wolbachia)‐associated thelytokous populations of aphid parasitoids are presented for the first time. Thelytokous virgin females were found to refuse the mating attempts by males of biparental populations, although males occurred quite rarely among the offspring. The host range was found to be about identical in conspecific biparental and thelytokous populations, whereas the association of solely biparental populations with a certain host group might be considered as a marker of the presence of sibling species in the area. The relative frequency of conspecific biparental and thelytokous populations varied, depending upon the area and host species. The microbe‐induced thelytokous populations were confirmed in three species of the genus Lysiphlebus Foerst. (Lysiphlebus cardui Marsh., Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsh.) and probably some other, as yet undescribed, species only in the West Palearctic subregion, whereas the other known congeneric species in the subregion as well as in the Nearctic and the Neotropical regions were determined as strictly biparental species. Microbe‐induced thelytokous populations did not change due to host species alternation and/or distribution area (purposeful introductions as biocontrol agents).


Comprising: a first mold (A) and the second mold (B) constituting the injection molding metal mold (1), a continuous coil pattern film (7) of the unwind roll means (2), the from the unwind roll means (2) unwinding a pattern film (7) introduced into the film introducing means (3) between the first mold (a) and the second mold (B), the pattern film (7) against cutting member (5) of the first mold (a) the main clamp member surface (4), on the upstream side (a) surface of the first mold off the pattern film (7) in the first mold (a) downstream side surface of the fixed pattern film (7) of the cut end portion (70) of the sub-clamp means (6), a film introducing means (3) having a cut end portion sandwiched between the pattern film (7) clamp (7) member (30) and drive means (31) reciprocating the clamp member.


The period of the 1950s to the late 1960s has often been touted as the Golden Era of the Malaysian film industry. This paper examines the extent to which films of the Golden Era, specifically P. Ramlee's Sesudah Suboh (1967) and Gerimis (1968), i.e. two significant films of the era which portray stories about inter-ethnic romantic relationships, visualise the possibilities of inter-ethnic engagement through the films' narrative and the implied issues of ethnic and cultural differences. The discussion highlights the fact that there are significant moments of inter-ethnic dialogue and engagements between the characters within the narratives of the two films which outweigh the evidences of inter-ethnic prejudices that are portrayed in the films. The main conclusion that is derived from the film analysis is that the two films are significant spaces through which the borders between identities and cultures can be negotiated in the form of meaningful dialogue and engagement.


number of patients and have found no increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide levels compared with those when conventional tubing is used. The continued use of high gas flows must be reconsidered if the new, expensive agents are to find a place in anaesthetic practice. Use of this simple device may induce some anaesthetists to alter their already ingrained ideas. A considerable financial saving may then follow.


Background :P ercutaneous needle aspiration biopsy(PNAB) of the lung is a safe procedure for diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases but complications such as pneumothorax can occasionally develop. We reviewed the complications arising after PNAB and analysed the risk factors of pneumothorax. Method :W e collected data by reviewing medical records and radiographic studies of 403 patients who underwent PNAB of the lung between 1988 and 2002 and analyzed the risk factors of pneumothorax. Result : The incidence of complication was 12.9%, 48 patients with pneumothorax and 4 patients with mild hemoptysis. Among the 48 pneumothorax patients, 35 patients showed mild( 50%) and chest tube insertion was done and 2 patients were treated by needle aspiration. As the results of multivariate analysis, size and location of lesion, location of approach, diagnosis of lesion showed no significant relationship, while age and gender of patients(p<0.05) and the depth of approach(p<0.001) were significantly related to pneumothorax. Smoking amount(p<0.001) as well as the smoking history(p<0.005) were also significantly related and the examiner displaying various incidence of pneumothorax from 4.0% to 23.1% among individuals also was a significant independent risk factor(p<0.05). While the average depth of approach for 13 patients treated by chest tube insertion or needle aspiration was 8.2±1.2cm, 35 patiens treated only by oxygen supply was 6.7±1.6cm suggesting that the depth of approach was lead to a severe pneumothorax.


Automated printing of graphic and text information is evolving from the convergence of electronic digital processing capabilities of the computer and physical processing of images and materials handling from the graphic arts. The acronym CAMIS- Computer Assisted Makeup and Imaging Systems- is our name for these technologies. One result of such technological hybridization is the capability for 'print-on-demand' or alternatively 'demand-publishing'. As so often happens with the application of new technologies a blurring of technical definitions, organizational roles and relationships among producers and users is expected to create a host of policy issues for all stakeholders. This paper will briefly cover the evolution of the current 'printing-on-demand' - CAMIS technologies and will introduce the readers to an Exploratory Technology Assessment that is currently being conducted to anticipate the stakeholder issues.


ecuting each such version and comparing the results, and reporting differences to the user. The last phrase in the preceding sentence might be a surprise: why shouldn't the vendor just figure out which is correct and use that figure? Colonna claims that generally none of them will be correct and he implies that consistency is the best we can hope for in many situations. The rewrites of the code do not have to be very fancy or time-consuming: Colonna recommends "resequencing multiplications with several factors or implementing the distributive law of multiplication as compared to addition" (p. 17). These techniques do "not affect the performance of the program or increase its memory requirements" according to Colonna. Finally, Colonna notes that these problems do not show up in single-precision calculations; I hope that no one is going to suggest that we return to such calculations as a way around this problem.


The main contribution of this paper is the use of an AdaBoost-based learning algorithm which builds a strong classifier from a set of weak classifiers associated with level curves in the nasal region of 3D faces. Its main application is person authentication. The basic idea is to represent nasal surfaces using indexed collections of level curves, and to compare shapes of noses by comparing the shape of their corresponding curves. AdaBoost considers each curve as a weak classifier and iteratively selects relevant curves to increase the authentication accuracy. We demonstrate these ideas on a subset taken from FRGC v2 (Face Recognition Grand Challenge) database. The proposed approach increases authentication performances relative to a simple fusion of scores from all curves.


Collective instabilities caused by the formation of an electron cloud (EC) are a potential limitation to the performances of the damping rings for a future linear collider. In this paper, we present recent simulation results for the electron cloud build-up in damping rings of different circumferences and discuss the single-bunch instabilities driven by the electron cloud.


Geobiology is the 1st order interdisciplinary study between geosciences and biosciences.It studies one of the three basic processes of the earth system,the biological process,which is the interaction between biosphere and other spheres of the earth.Thus,it deals with not only the earth's influence on the biosphere,but also the biosphere's influence on the earth system.Such interaction or mutual influence has been going on in a synergetic and coupled manner since the emergence of life on earth.The coevolution between life and the earth's environment is the core of geobiology.The development of geobiology is emphasized on geomicrobiology.Macro-organisms are capable of reflecting the influence and control of the earth's environment on them and their adaptation to the environment,but except the flora,their influence on the environment is limited.The bilateral interaction between biosphere and geospheres has to be studied through geomicrobiological research.Microscopic study is a general tendency of biosciences and natural science as a whole,through which new theories,techniques,and methods are developed impetuously.Paleontology should not stagnate at the stage dominated by paleozoology and paleobotany,but should keep synchronized with biosciences and natural sciences as a whole.We have now found some approaches to resolve the difficulties in the interdisciplinary study of microbiology and geology.The geological significance of microbial functional groups would be the breakthrough point of geomicrobiological research.Geobiology inherits and surpasses paleontology.Taxonomy will still be the basis of the study.However,geobiology,traditional paleontology included,will increasingly interchange and merge with physics,chemistry,biology,and other disciplines theoretically and methodologically.As a result,paleontology will recall far back in time and extend far beyond in space.A broad perspective is opened for paleontology in the study of earth system science and its service to society at large.


Fishery biological data of the striped marlin, Tetraptvl'us audax (PHILIPPI) (Jap: Makajiki)
obtainp.d by the Japanese commercial longline vessels in the Indian Ocean during the period
1965-1975 were analysed, the results presented and discussed. The annual catch has decreased
considerably since 1967, but the catch rate showed no definite tendency to increase or decrease.
Distribution of the average monthly relative density showed that seasonal concentration occurred
in the east African coast between equator and 10 0 S.; southern and western Arabian Sea, Bay of
Bengal and north-western Australian waters.


With the consistent improvement of the laser power and energy, further enhancement of the laser resistant ability of the target board is becoming a more and more crucial task in high energy laser diagnostics and irradiation effect studies. Applications of ceramic materials in high energy laser damage were studied. An aluminum panel was coated with ZrO2 ceramic for high power laser proof. Reflectivity and diffuse reflection characteristics of the coating were investigated at different wavelengths. Numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the thermal response of the coating under high power laser radiation. And, related experiments were carried out with high power fiber lasers. Irradiation experiments indicate that the ceramic layer helps to delay the heat conduction and reduce the peak temperature of the target board.


Mammalian variants with a defect altering the cell cycle progression have been selected, characterized to different extents and preliminary genetic analysis has been carried out. The difficulties encountered in their study are discussed below. Up to now, they have limited the genetic approach to the cell cycle.


on model Results of original experimental research, obtained during shaking table tests on a large-scale bridge model equipped with an advanced seismic protection system type USI-SF, are presented in the paper. The installed basic seismic isolation system is created by applying novel double spherical rolling seismic bearing (DSRSB) devices, while qualitative upgrading of seismic performances is made using the installed advanced multi-directional space flange energy dissipation (SF-ED) devices. Research results show that significant qualitative improvement of seismic performances of isolated road bridges can be achieved using DSRSB and SF-ED devices.


This article is an abridged version of a systematic literature review conducted as part of a Masters of Education by Research thesis currently being completed at Murdoch University's Graduate School of Education. Concerned by early-career teacher attrition rates, the author (a full-time teacher and innovation leader at a public secondary school) contends that the thoughtful integration of educational technologies into teaching practice can demonstrably improve teacher wellbeing. Fifty peer-reviewed journal articles from 2009-2016 were reviewed, revealing a limited understanding of the relationship between educational technology and wellbeing. Findings from comparable sectors including health promotion suggest that the intersection between the two areas warrants further research.


The effect of the exposure of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from subjects infected by human immunodeficiency virus to extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) was studied, by evaluating the incorporation of tritiated thymidine, the expression of IL-2 receptor, and the amount of activated T lymphocytes. Four groups of subjects were considered patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), asymptomatic seropositive subjects, seronegative drug users, and young healthy controls. PEMFs increased cell proliferation only in the group of healthy controls, as measured at the 72nd hour of culture, but an increase in the number of activated T lymphocytes was observed by cytofluorimetric analysis after 18 hrs of PEMF exposure in cultures from AIDS patients.


A ship's straight-line tracking control system is a single-input and dual-output system.Due to the strong non-linearity and typical under-actuated properties,as well as the liability to wind,wave and current disturbance,the design of a ship's tracking controller is challenging work.In this paper,the mathematical model of a ship's straight-line tracking control system was adopted and the ADRC(active disturbance rejection control technique)was also briefly introduced.The control scheme was accomplished by adding a tracking differentiator and the feedback control law comprised of the errors of the two controlled variables,instead of only one in the usual ADRC scheme.Compared to the usual ADRC calculation which is only suitable for single-input and single-output systems,this method expands the application range that the ADRC scheme can deal with.The simulation test results confirmed the validity of this method,showed the ADRC can acquire good dynamic performance,good steady performance,and excellent robust performance.


The invention relates to an outside door handle for a motor vehicle door, with a rod-shaped handle (14) and a movement device, wherein the handle (14) at a first end (12) in the motor vehicle door (2) is pivotably mounted, and (at a second end 13 ) (of the vehicle door 2) is completely decoupled, and wherein the outside door handle (1) is complete (in a receiving opening 3) of the vehicle door (2) receivable formed. According to the invention for anti-slip at the second end (13) forming a securing member (17).


Introduction: Anemia in women of reproductive age is a common health problem in Senegal. The objective of this research was to study the contribution of dietary diversity in the fight against anemia in women of reproductive age in two regions of Senegal using the propensity score method. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study of women of reproductive age and their households was conducted in the Kolda and Kedougou regions in 2015. This was a three-stage random sample survey. The data was collected during an individual interview. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify the risk factor for this anemia. Results: In this study, 1926 women of reproductive age were surveyed. The average age of women of reproductive age surveyed was 27.2 years with a standard deviation of 7.6 years. The median age was 26 years old. Married women were in the majority. Pregnant and lactating women were 43.8%. The percentage of women with adequate diets was 31.5%. The proportion of women with anemia was 51.8%, or 998 women of reproductive age. Adequate dietary diversity is the main factor associated with anemia in these women (OR = 0.75 (0.59 - 0.96)). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age is still high in the southern regions of Senegal. To combat this phenomenon, it is therefore necessary to intensify interventions on the balance of diet, iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant and lactating women and to strengthen the empowerment of women.


Rain-fed agriculture depends on the groundwater as a supplementary source of irrigation. The poor quality of water from the hard rock area is applied to the crops to save the crop. Continuous irrigation leads to degradation of soil, drip irrigation system as well plants. This study assessed the damages on the drip irrigation system and soil, inflicted by the use of low-quality irrigation water. The quality of water was improved with reference to raw water in terms of pH (1.57% - 5.88%), EC (3.08% - 10.08%), ions (0.96% - 46%) by using magnetization method, without disrupting the existing irrigation system in the basaltic aquifer in semi-arid to the arid condition. This was demonstrated before the farmers in central India.


This paper presents a novel variable current technology control principle for natural soft-switching,based on develop the natural soft-switching act-state for the three-phase inverter.The technology for novel three-phase inverter is adopted,because of its circuit structure is simple and credibility,so it is used harmonic compensation on the inverter for active power filter.Based on the characteristic for its topology,that is proposed for realization figure control adopted the space vectors pulse-width modulation method of the indented carrier.Finally,the simulating experiment is completed and that demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of this proposed scheme.


Conceptual retrieval returns information related to a speci c topic but not restricted to a query term A common approach is to compare the query with all the documents in the database When the number of documents is large the searching time becomes signi cant In this paper we propose a hierarchic architecture which integrates latent semantic indexing LSI and hierarchic agglomerative clustering to reduce the searching time We employ three clustering algorithms single link complete link and group average and conduct experiments on four standard document collections CACM CISI CRAN and MED The experimental results show our method requires less searching time while maintaining comparable retrieval e ectiveness as non clustered search Introduction Searching information by conceptual meanings often su ers from the vocabulary problem which states that users may fail to obtain desired information if the query terms used are di erent from those indexed by the retrieval system To address the vocabulary problem Deerwester et al proposed Latent Semantic Indexing LSI where queries and documents are represented as vectors of conceptual meanings LSI compares a query with all the documents in the database then returns those with higher similarity to the user It has been tested on several information systems with promising results A de ciency of LSI is that it searches through the whole database The searching time becomes signi cant when the database is large One way to ameliorate this problem is to search documents by clusters instead of each individual record This approach is based on van Rijsbergen s cluster hypothesis where he stated closely associated documents tend to be relevant to the same queries He also proposed cluster based retrieval on hierarchically clustered collections to improve retrieval e ectiveness and e ciency In this paper we describe a hierarchic architecture that applies hierarchic clustering to LSI documents and compare its performance with non clustered LSI retrieval on several document collections We review the methodology of LSI and hierarchic clustering in Section We describe our architecture in Section and show the experimental results in Section Section presents the conclusions Background Latent Semantic Indexing LSI is an extension of Salton s Vector Space Model in which documents and queries are repre sented as vectors of term frequencies or weights To capture the semantic structure among docu ments in a database LSI applies Singular Value Decomposition SVD to a term document matrix representing the database and generates vectors of k typically to orthogonal indexing dimensions where each dimension represents a linearly independent concept The k dimensional vectors are used to represent both documents and terms in the same semantic space while their values indicate the degrees of association with the k underlying concepts Figure shows SVD applies to a term document matrix term-doc matrix db term matrix (m x n) (m x k) document matrix (n x k) SVD (k) Figure SVD applies to an m n term document matrix where m and n are the numbers of terms and documents in the database and k is the indexing dimension used by SVD A query vector in LSI is the weighted sum of its component term vectors For example a p term query is represented as the average sum of the p decomposed term vectors To determine relevant documents the query vector is compared with all the document vectors and those with the highest cosine coe cient are returned Because the indexing dimension k is chosen much smaller than the number of terms and documents in the database i e the number of rows and columns in the term document matrix those k concepts are neither term nor document frequencies but are compressed forms of both Therefore a query can hit documents without having common terms but with common concepts Hierarchic Agglomerative Clustering To cluster LSI documents we apply the hierarchic agglomerative clustering method Hierarchic ag glomerative clustering has been studied to increase retrieval e ectiveness and e ciency as compared to the conventional search of non clustered data A typical hierarchic clustering method can be described as follows Compute all pair wise inter document similarity coe cients Place each document in a cluster of its own Form a new cluster by merging the most similar pair of current clusters Recompute the similarity between the newly merged cluster and the remaining clusters Repeat step while there is more than one cluster The output of a hierarchic clustering algorithm is a cluster hierarchy as shown in Figure Various clustering methods di er in the manner in which they de ne the similarity between clusters Three of the most commonly used methods in information retrieval are single link complete link and group average Single link clustering uses the similarity between the most similar pair of documents one in each cluster as the similarity between the two clusters Complete link clustering uses that of the least similar document pair in the two clusters Group average clustering uses the average similarity of all document pairs to be the inter cluster similarity Early experiments showed that the performance of hierarchic clustering methods varies when tested on di erent document collections


Bone scaffolds made of calcium phosphate polymer nanocomposites have limited osteoinductive properties. Piezoelectric materials have attracted considerable interest in bone tissue engineering due to their potential to promote osteogenesis through additional electrical stimulation. Time-lapsed micro-CT imaging is a time-effective tool for in vitro optimization of such scaffolds but is challenged by nanocomposites with a high attenuation coefficient, such as one containing high amounts of piezoelectric barium titanate. We used high-resolution end-point micro-CT scans combined with histology and Raman spectroscopy to screen polydopamine functionalized nanocomposites containing 3–27 vol% barium titanate for collagenous extracellular matrix formation and mineralization. All compositions showed well-connected extracellular matrix and birefringent matured collagen after seven weeks of static human mesenchymal stem cell cultures. Nevertheless, high-resolution micro-CT analysis combined with smart thresholding during image processing enabled us to observe modest differences in ECM mineralization between groups suggesting that a volume fraction of 9–21% barium titanate facilitated the formation of dense mineral clusters in the pores even in the absence of mechanical stimuli, further corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. The same image processing approach facilitated the analysis of time-lapsed micro-CT images of scaffold cultures in dynamic compression bioreactors where 9 vol% barium titanate was the best nanocomposite composition, resulting in a significant twofold increased maturation rate under dynamic conditions. On the other hand, barium titanate content of ≥15 vol% did not improve mineralization. At 27 vol%, the biomineralization of the collagenous extracellular matrix was even impeded in the nanocomposite scaffolds, as evidenced by histology stainings. Overall, our approach enables time-lapsed quantitative assessment of high X-ray absorbing nanocomposite scaffolds for biomineralization under dynamic compression, facilitating the optimization of such mechanically responsive scaffolds.


This thesis discusses the application of built-in selfcesting technique at the board level (Intel SBC 80/10A single board computer). The test technologies used in testing microprocessor-based boards are briefly explained. It examines a spectrum of problems which are presenting the test engineers with some very formidable testing challenges and are also becoming increasingly hard for current automatic test equipment (ATE) test technology to deal with. A functional description of the Intel SBC 80/10A board was briefly studied so that every essential part of the board is tested. The concept of built-in self-testing was then introduced and it was later explained why this concept is becoming an increasingly attractive solution to the complex problem of testing microprocessor-based boards. Different testing methods were then designed to test the board's microprocessor, self-test ROM, system software ROM, RAM, parallel I/O ports, serial I/O port and the external system bus. A summary of the test set up in the user testing environment was given and it also listed a series of events that should occur when the test was run. Finally, fault-detection and isolation capability were explored as an expansion to the existing self-testing program.


The term "mapping knowledge domains" was chosen to describe a newly evolving interdisciplinary area of science aimed at the process of charting, mining, analyzing, sorting, enabling navigation of, and displaying knowledge, and the co-citation analysis is key technique of it. In this article, we took the field of strategic management as a example to demonstrate its specific operation.


biogenic amines both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Unlike AADC, which is common to catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons, the preceding enzymes, tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases respectively, are siteand substrate-specific. In addition, hydroxylation represents the rate-determining step in amine synthesis and is subjcct t o several mechanisms of regulation. If a bioprecursor of the AADC inhibitor could be persuaded to enter the metabolic chains at the hydroxylation step, not only should this compound havc a selective effect on either catechol or indoleaminc synthesis, but these effects should also depend on thc many factors regulating the activity of the hydroxylases. a-Monofluoromcthyl-p-tyrosine (MFMT ) is the candidate of choice for catecholamines, and a-monofluoromethyltryptophan (MFMTrp) that for indoleamines. It was verified that neither compound blocks AADC directly and that both compounds were substrates of the corresponding hydroxylases. I n viw, MFMT (as its methyl ester) decreases AADC activity very slowly in the brains of rats or mice after oral administration. Dopamine levels are decreased in a timeand dose-dependent manner, while serotonin levels remain unchanged even at the higher doses of MFMT. The inhibitory effects on catecholamine synthesis increase in response to factors stimulating catecholaminergic activity (haloperidol, yohimbine, physical stress, etc.) and decrease with agents such as apomorphine known to down-regulate aminc synthesis. a-MFMTrp responds more sluggishly in vivo; it takes three administrations o f 100 mg/kg t o see an effect on AADC activity and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in rat brains. The influence of factors regulating the activity o f tryptophan hydroxylase was not investigated. 1. Ilioprecrrrsor crppromh to (I brrriii-speeific nioiiouiriiiie oxiduse-A inhibitor. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-1) were a well-accepted treatmcnt o f depression until they fell into disrepute (at least in U.S.A.), some 10 years ago. One of the rcasons for their disgracc was their propensity to produce hypertensive accidents when taken in combination with foodstuffs containing tyramine (cheese effect). This is due to the undcsirablc inhibition o f MAO-A in the peripheral sympathetic system. A very elegant solution was proposed by Palfreyman ef ul. [S] . B-Fluoromcthylene phenethylamines had been shown to be powerful, irreversible inhibitors o f MAO-A or -B depending o n the substitution of the aromatic ring. They reasoned that the corresponding amino acids ( i t . substituted pfluoromethylene phenylalanines) could be bioprecursors of the M A 0 inhibitors if they were substrates of AADC. Inhibition of AADC in the periphery by carbidopa, would prevent the formation of the fluoroallylamine outside the central nervous system, while allowing more amino acid t o reach the brain. B-Fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine combines the required characteristics: it is a good substrate of AADC, and the corresponding amine is a powerful inhibitor of M A 0 with a 100-fold preference for MAO-A. After administration of minute amounts ( < 1 mg/kg) to rats, there is a timeand dose-dependent decrease o f M A 0 activity in all organs, MAO-A being the most affected. Co-administration of carbidopa displaces the dose-response curve t o lower doses in the brain and to higher doses in the periphery as expected. When given alone to rats at a dose o f 0 . 1 mg/kg, the amino acid produced a marked elevation o f heart rate upon infusion of tyraminc. Pretreatment of the animals with carbidopa ( 100 mg/kg) abolished, nearly completely. this undesirable tyramine potentiation. This compound is presently being evaluated in the clinic for safety and efficacy as an antidepressant.


The article proposes a two-stage approach to solving the problem of the synthesis of a microstrip filter. It is shown that the two-stage design allows almost ten times to reduce the displacement of the attenuation characteristic arising due to the limitations of the synthesis method used for the design.


iV-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) is synthesized from free fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by a membrane-bound acyltransferase enzyme designated NAPE synthase. Here we report the subcellular location of NAPE synthase in cotyledons of germinated cotton seedlings. Organelle marker enzyme assays and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate cellular fractions separated by differential centrifugation, sucrosedensity gradient centrifugation, and aqueous two-phase partitioning. NAPE synthase was associated with fractions enriched in ER, Golgi and plasma membranes. NAPE synthase was not located in mitochondria, plastids, peroxisomes, or cytosol. Consistent with these observations, NAPE synthase also was localized in membranes of the secretory pathway in spinach leaves. Because PE is synthesized primarily in the ER, these results suggest that JV-acylation of PE may be a lipid modification of the compartments of the secretory pathway providing a mechanism for supplying NAPE to the plasma membrane. These data are particularly relevant given the recent findings that NAPE biosynthesis is increased in elicitor-treated plant cells [Chapman et al. (1995) Physiol. Plant. 95: 120].


The downward infrared radiance spectrum was measured with a Michelson Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) spectrometer at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Spectra were collected year-round at the South Pole in 1998. This research focuses on the atmospheric water emission lines between 250 and 800 cm -1 (40 to 12.5 μm) region. The spectral resolution is 1 cm -1 . The atmosphere over the South Pole is the driest and coldest on Earth. Winter surface temperatures average approximately -60°C, while the total column water vapor is about 300 μm of precipitable water. Measured clear sky cases were selected for summer and winter months to represent and investigate water in the seasonal extremes. The LWIR spectra are modeled using the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) software, the HITRAN database, and NMC temperature and pressure profiles. These spectra are then fitted as closely as possible to the measured spectra to retrieve water column amounts, and to obtain other important information about the atmosphere.


Abstract : A 1:75 scale, three-dimensional hydraulic model was used to investigate the design of a proposed harbor structure and channel modifications at Oceanside Harbor, California, with respect to wave and shoaling conditions in the harbor entrance and wave conditions in the inner harbor. The model reproduced approximately 9,000 ft of the California shoreline and included portions of the existing harbor and offshore bathymetry in the Pacific Ocean to a depth of 36 ft mean lower low water (mllw). Improvement plans consisted of a seaward extension of the existing north breakwater, the installation of a spur on the south jetty, and modifications to the entrance channel. An 80-ft-long unidirectional, spectral wave generator, an automated data acquisition system, and crushed coal tracer material were utilized in model operation.