Theoretical point source pollution study and practice of governance gradually success,but the govern of non- point source pollution faces many technical and management difficulties,and it have caused a theoretical discussion. Fertilizer as the main source of non- point source pollution,study the farmers' fertilizer usage habits and are helpful to provide the basis for policy development draft. Guided by the limited rationality hypothesis,risk aversion principle and absolute income hypothesis about farmers,basing on 11 major cotton producing provinces( regions) during 2004- 2010,using panel data regression analysis and DEA- tobit two- step method,we empirical analysis the cotton growers' behavior of fertilizer usage and its impact factors. As a result,we found that the average fertilizer volume in the main cotton producing areas is 461. 70 kg /hm2,presenting a positive correlation with the unit of output. Farmers prefer nitrogenous fertilizer to phosphate fertilizer. The average DEA efficiency of the main producing areas is 0. 901,fluctuating development. While farm income has a negative effect on the DEA efficiency,GDP per capita has a positive impact. Fertilizer prices index will have significantly impact when it is higher than the threshold sex level of 115%.


We developed a multiechelon location-inventory modeling approach and applied it to redesign the global network of four large transnational agricultural companies operating in Brazil. The results show that tax planning is the most significant factor in minimizing the operating cash outflow and that inventory carrying costs play a more important role than transfer freight, handling, and fixed costs. Distribution centers and production plants in countries within the Mercosur are excellent targets for cash outflow reduction and service level improvement. Furthermore, contrary to common sense, reducing operating costs can sometimes increase cash outflow in companies with large volumes of tax credit in Brazil. Our methodology generated processes that helped one company reduce its logistic cash outflow by 49 percent and its logistics costs by $10 million.


The embodiments described herein include methods and formulations for the treatment of anaphylaxis and related acute allergic reactions. These methods and formulations, not levocetirizine and montelukast effective concentrations, but include methods and formulations for delivery to the patient in need limitation. These methods and formulations provide drug delivery to the patient, it may include a conventional and / or modified release component.


Many changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet have been reported in the recent scientific literature and have been attributed to various responses of the ice sheet due to regional (and global) warming. Because melting of the ice sheet would contribute approximately 7 m to sea-level rise, the lives and habitat of hundreds of millions of people worldwide would be directly and indirectly affected if continued ice-sheet melting occurs. As mean-annual global temperatures have increased, there has been an increasing focus on studying the Greenland Ice Sheet using available satellite data, and numerous expeditions have been undertaken. Regional "clear-sky" surface temperature increases since the early 1980s in the Arctic, measured using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared data, range from 0.57+/-0.02 C to 0.72+/-0.10 C per decade. Arctic warming has important implications for ice-sheet mass balance because much of the periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet is already near O C during the melt season, and is thus vulnerable to more extensive melting if temperatures continue to increase. An increase in melting of the ice sheet would accelerate sea-level rise, an issue of increasing concern to billions of people worldwide. The surface temperature of the ice sheet has been studied in even greater detail using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in the six individual drainage basins as well as for the ice sheet as a whole. Surface temperature trends in the decade of the 2000s have not been strong, according to the MODIS measurements. In addition to surface-temperature increases over the last few decades as measured by AVHRR, other changes have been observed such as accelerated movement of many of Greenland's outlet glaciers and sudden draining of supraglacial lakes. Decreasing mass of the ice sheet since (at least) 2002 has been measured using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, along with an build-up of ice at the higher elevations and a decrease of ice at the lower elevations as measured using airborne Lidar and Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data. The seminar will address the above issues using a variety of NASA satellite data and ground observations.


The timing analysis and optimization of sequential circuits become more and more important with the advances of VLSI technologies. We should cope with the clock frequency more than 2 GHz near the future. The clock frequencies of sequential circuits are decided based on the maximum delay time of paths between clocked flip-flops under the assumption that all paths propagate signals within one clock cycle. The assumption is violated in many circuits including multicycle paths on which signals can be propagated with 2 or more clock cycles. At present, such multi-cycle paths are detected and manipulated by hands, but should be detected and manipulated automatically for the correct timing analysis. In the thesis, we formalize multi-cycle paths and propose two detection methods of multi-cycle paths. We also describe the decision of the clock frequency, timing verification and logic optimization with considering the number of allowable clock cycles for signal propagations. First, we focus on multi-cycle paths between flip-flops which are guarded with wait states, and formalize such multi-cycle paths based on update cycle of flipflops. Second, we propose a detection method of multi-cycle paths based on a symbolic state traversal of FSMs (Finite State Machines) using BDD's (Binary Decision Diagrams). The method detects multi-cycle paths based on the update cycle analysis of flip-flops. The method computes reachable states from the initial state of FSM using symbolic state traversal of FSM. Then the method computes allowable clock cycles of each path between flip-flops and detects multi-cycle paths. ∗Doctor's Thesis, Department of Information Systems, Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST-IS-DT9861205, February 5, 2001.


Incorporation of a five-membered ring "defect" in the helicene framework partially disrupts aromatic conjugation and provides a site for selective deprotonation. The deprotonation creates an anionic cyclopentadienyl unit, switches on conjugation and injects a charge in a helical conjugated π-system without injecting a spin. Structural consequences of deprotonation were revealed via analysis of monoanionic helicene co-crystallized with {K+(18-crown-6)(THF)} and {Cs+2(18-crown-6)3} cations. The X-ray diffraction study reveals presence of a solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) formed by the above cations and the C39H23- anion where the carbanion geometry can be analyzed without the interfering metal binding effects. Deprotonation leads to >200 nm red-shift in the absorbance spectrum. The ability of the twisted helicene frame to delocalize the negative charge was probed as a perturbation of aromaticity using NICS scans. The UV-Vis spectroscopy monitoring of the K/18-crown-6/THF/C39H24 system shows time-dependent formation of mono- and dianionic species. The dianionic species was also isolated and crystallographically characterized. Relief of the helicene strain, escape from antiaromaticity and increase in charge delocalization assist in the additional dehydrogenative ring closures that yield a new planarized decacyclic dianion where nine hexagonal units are fused to a single pentagon.


Applicants to the master's degree program in computer science delivered via distance education are offered with an introductory course that assesses their ability to succeed in the program. The course aims to provide applicants with a realistic picture of the demands of the course in terms of time and to help students assess whether distance learning is suitable for them. The hands-on programming exercises pose challenges for distance learning. The course has been implemented four times, and the course was evaluated at each time. The evaluation results showed that the exercises must be designed in such a way that students have a clear idea of the level of performance that each grade requires. The level of difficulty of the exercises must also be increased in this context. For hands-on exercises, a simulator seems to be a sound replacement for a physical device.


Thank you very much for reading the aesthetic appreciation of nature essays on the aesthetics of nature. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this the aesthetic appreciation of nature essays on the aesthetics of nature, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


Shortly after Hajj 2009 ended on 30 November, less than 100 pilgrims with confirmed pandemic influenza A H1N1 09, including five fatalities, had been reported by Saudi officials in the media.1 Since the elderly and others with influenza risk factors were discouraged from attending Hajj, this case fatality rate of 5% is inconsistent with that expected (less than 0.5%) and suggests there were many more undetected surviving cases. It is known from earlier pandemics that the 'percentage of the recognised sick, who seek medical advice does not represent the total of the afflicted'.2 To date Saudi Arabia has the largest number of influenza A H1N1 09 cases (9355, 20% of all cases) and the third largest number of fatalities (81, 14% of all fatalities) reported from the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region.3 Further, a Saudi hospital has claimed that about one-fifth of hospitalized patients had the influenza A H1N1 virus infection after returning from travel abroad,4 so publication of Hajj 2009 realtime influenza surveillance data (with PCR confirmation, if possible) by the Saudi Ministry of Health would be useful and welcome to inform global pandemic influenza control.

A large number of pilgrims stay in Saudi Arabia for a month. If as few as 10 arrived with H1N1 09 influenza, and assuming a low basic reproduction number (R0) of 1.5, a serial interval of 3 days and a susceptible population,5 nearly 1000 cases will have occurred within that month. Up to 60% of Hajj pilgrims suffer symptoms of respiratory infection,6 and the attack rate of influenza among symptomatic pilgrims has been estimated as 10%,7 so that extrapolating for 2.5 million pilgrims attending this year's Hajj 150,000 cases of influenza would be expected.

It is a tradition in Muslim communities that as well as pilgrims being visited by friends and relatives on arrival in Mecca, many travel after Hajj in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent, and recent returnees attend congregational prayers at mosques. These activities increase the risk of infections such as the influenza spreading among pilgrims' vulnerable contacts including the elderly and children. Also, Hajjis' travel and return coincided with the 2009 Christmas and New Year holiday period and associated overseas travel and contact in airplanes, airports and other sites.

Useful recommendations for the prevention and control of influenza A H1N1 at Hajj 2009, published in both Science and the Lancet in mid-November,8,9 summarized the advice from an expert consultation undertaken by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. These included good surveillance at Hajj by realtime electronic reporting, rapid laboratory confirmation via the healthcare system at Hajj, compliance with WHO advice, particularly that on the control of infectious diseases during mass gatherings and reporting of infection as required by the International Health Regulations 2005.10,11 The latter assumes surveillance in the country of origin to be adequate for recognizing and reporting post-Hajj infections. However, experience is of delay in recognizing Hajj-associated cases and outbreaks. It is less than a decade since the Hajj-associated worldwide outbreak of meningococcal W135 disease following Hajj 2000 when 87% (78/90) of the Hajj-associated cases in Europe were in contact with those who had returned from Hajj; there were 14 deaths which may have been avoided by quicker recognition of the association.12

Risk events for pandemic influenza A H1N1 09 include the continuing Umrah and other mass gatherings subsequent to and soon after Hajj 2009, such as the December UN conference on Climate Change expecting 15,000 delegates, world leaders and politicians in Copenhagen, the winter Olympics in Vancouver early in 2010, and the FIFA World Cup later in 2010. Post-event surveillance is just as important for these in the control of respiratory infections. Health services around the world need reminding of the importance and means of surveillance, which may need strengthening or construction.

Therefore, we set out here recommendations for post-event surveillance, diagnosis and treatment:

Vigilance and questioning about recent travel abroad, including attendance at Hajj or other mass gatherings;

Reporting suspected cases locally and to WHO;

Confirming H1N1 09 flu by PCR;

Continuing preventive action: respiratory etiquette, mask use by symptomatic cases and their contacts, maintenance of hand hygiene, voluntary isolation of cases, antivirals for cases and for prophylaxis in vulnerable contacts, vaccination of unvaccinated Hajjis and their at risk contacts against seasonal and pandemic influenza, pneumococcal vaccination of at risk pilgrims;

We also urge WHO to develop a post-event surveillance scheme and directive for immediate electronic reporting of travel-associated influenza and its complications, during the current pandemic influenza A H1N1 09 and in preparation for the future.


A first attempt at a fuzzy set formulation for transit service planning is presented. The need for this approach is established by discussing comprehensive planning methods and the ad hoc methods presently used by transit operators. The overall methodology relating the census data and the transit database to route synthesis and evaluation is given. An example of a fuzzy model for demand estimation is developed and discussed.


♦ Objective To test whether better nutrition is associated more with adequate urea clearance than with inadequate urea clearance in obese patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD). ♦ Design Retrospective analysis of clearance and nutrition indices in obese CPD patients. Only obese patients were analyzed. Obesity was defined as a ratio of actual weight to desired weight (W/DW) ≥ 1.2. The dose of dialysis was considered adequate at weekly Kt/V urea ≥ 2.0. Small solute clearances and nutrition indices were compared between patients with weekly Kt/V urea < 2.0 and patients with weekly Kt/V urea ≥ 2.0 at the first clearance study. ♦ Setting Four university-affiliated and two private dialysis units in Canada and the United States. ♦ Patients A total of 270 CPD patients with W/DW ≥ 1.2 at the first clearance study. ♦ Results Among the 270 obese CPD patients, 157 (58.1%) were underdialyzed (weekly Kt/V urea 1.66 ± 0.22) and 113 (41.9%) had adequate dialysis (weekly Kt/V urea 2.51 ± 0.47) at the first clearance study. Creatinine clearance values also differed between the underdialyzed and adequately dialyzed obese groups (55.6 ± 15.2 vs 87.6 ± 29.8 L/1.73 m2 weekly, respectively, p < 0.001). The underdialyzed group contained fewer women (39.5% vs 60.2%, p < 0.001) and more patients with anuria (35.0% vs 8.8%, p < 0.001), and had higher serum urea (20.7 ± 6.9 vs 18.2 ± 5.3 mmol/L, p = 0.001) and serum creatinine (974 ± 283 vs 734 ± 275 μmol/L, p < 0.001), marginally lower serum albumin (35.8 ± 5.2 vs 37.2 ± 6.4 g/L, p = 0.082), lower urea nitrogen excretion (5778 ± 2290 vs 7085 ± 2238 mg/24 hr, p < 0.001) and indices derived from urea nitrogen excretion (protein nitrogen appearance and normalized protein nitrogen appearance), and lower creatinine excretion (1034 ± 349 vs 1217 ± 432 mg/24 hr, p < 0.001) and indices derived from creatinine excretion (lean body mass normalized to actual or desired weight) than the adequately dialyzed group. ♦ Conclusion Nutrition indices derived from urea nitrogen and creatinine excretion are worse in underdialyzed than in adequately dialyzed obese CPD patients. This finding may have clinical importance, despite the mathematical coupling between small solute clearances and excretion rates in cross-sectional studies, because of evidence from other studies that small solute excretion rate in cross-sectional studies is a robust independent predictor of outcome in CPD.


An object of the present invention is to provide a tape drive system server. A - The a nonvolatile memory used as a cache memory (106) for storing the data files, at least a portion of the cache memory is managed using a first-in, first-out policy management a first region (40), the longest and a second region that are managed using an unused time policy management (42), a nonvolatile memory, - a file system interface to interact with a data file stored on the tape drive system (104), - one or more remote systems (110, 120) comprises an interface to allow read and write data stored in the storage means or cache memory, or both, in the tape drive system server there, This server, - receiving one or more write requests to write one or more data files to the tape drive system and cache memory from one or more remote systems, - it interprets the attributes associated with the designated data file to write the one or more remote systems to the tape drive system and cache memory, - configured to store the designated data file to write the remote system in response to the interpreted attribute, the tape drive system server has been proposed. .FIELD 1


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SUMMARY Model selection for time series data based upon joint multiperiod forecasts is investigated. Some popular selection criteria are applied to a suitable multivariate regression model to create new selection criteria. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed selection procedure performs more efficiently than the corresponding regular procedure, particularly when the data are generated from a high order autoregressive model. Analysis of some real data supports the applicability of the proposed procedure, especially when the degree of differencing required is uncertain.


Here it has been described and analysed cooperative theatrical project, in which students of Russian State University named in honor of I. Kant (Kaliningrad) and Institute of Russism (Poland, Lodz) were engaged. The main idea of this project is the leading role of the heart in a pedagogical process.


One of the main performance issues faced by high-performance computing platforms is the congestion caused by concurrent I/O from applications. When this happens, the platform's overall performance and utilization are harmed. From the extensive work in this field, I/O scheduling is the essential solution to this problem. The main drawback of current techniques is the amount of information needed about applications, which compromises their applicability. In this paper, we propose a novel method for I/O management, IO-Sets. We present its potential through a scheduling heuristic called Set-10, which is simple and requires only minimal information. Our extensive experimental campaign shows the importance of IO-Sets and the robustness of Set-10 under various workloads. In particular in most of the simulated scenarios we improve the I/O slowdown over fairshare by 50%, which corresponds in our scenarios to a platform utilization gain of 2.5%. In the practical scenarios that we did, the utilization gain varies between 10 and 30%. We also provide insights on using our proposal in practice.


Life-long low-phenylalanine diet is recommended as an additional determinant to achieve the maximal success in the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU). In this context education of teenage patients with PKU is essential.


The flow-induced vibration causes very interesting effects namely in the case of slender engineering structures. The airflow around the structure induces a wide spectrum of the non-linear aero-elastic processes. The beating effects which emerge due to vortex shedding may represent (almost) periodic load. This type of excitation is dangerous to the functionality and safety of structures. When the vortex frequency becomes close to the structure eigenfrequency, i.e., when the lock-in regime occurs, the quasiperiodic beatings constitute regular load and possibly cause significant fatigue in the material of the structure. Unfortunately, the non-linear character of slender or soft structures is often neglected in the engineering practice. This could lead to a significant underestimation of the overall response properties because the non-linear physical systems of such type are prone to the effect of the subor super-harmonic synchronization. The subor super-harmonic synchronization effect represent cases when the driving frequency is close to integer multiples or fractions of the eigenfrequency of the structure. Due to non-linear effects, such load can induce significant vibration of the structure in the dominant eigenmode and can cause undesired or even dangerous effects. The quasiperiodic phenomena of the resonance which occurs in the basic aero-elastic model and its stability properties were theoretically investigated by the authors in the past [3]. The recent study of the authors [4] concentrates on the stability assessments of the subor superharmonic synchronization and its effect on the free component of the system response. The both works use the harmonic balance method for analytical investigation and their results depend on the fulfilment of the relevant assumptions. The authors also tried to illustrate some properties of the system using the numerical study in [1]. On the analysis of numerically obtained resonance curves, the authors shown dependence of the suband super-harmonic synchronization effect on the value of the excitation amplitude. It has been shown that due to the synchronization effect loses the response its beating character in a vicinity of integer multiples of the eigenfrequency of the structure and exhibits stationary response. The effect was better visible for lower excitation amplitudes, where the width of affected frequency interval was wider than it was for higher amplitudes. The super-harmonic synchronization effect (for driving frequency close to integer fractions of the dominant eigenfrequency) was much lower than the sub-harmonic one. The present contribution studies numerically effect of the sub-harmonic, resonant and superharmonic excitation on the frequency content of the response. This way it tries to measure effects of individual excitation modes on the character of the response, namely the influence of the suband super-harmonic excitation on the dominant eigenmode vibration.


A field experiment was conducted in Al-Muthanna province on the Swirling Riverside during the spring season 2017. A field experiment was conducted by Randomized complete Block design (RCBD) by three replicates to study the effect of the addition of acidic humic, fulvic and bio-fertilizer in the Availability of P, iron, zinc and manganese in the soil,uptake it in plant,dry matter and seedweight white corn plant. Four treatments of humic and fulvic acid were used as additive: no acidic addition (H0), 8 liters of ha -1 (H1), 16 liters of ha -1 (H2), 24 liters of ha -1 (H3). (B0), bio-fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis (B1), bio-fertilizer containing Pseudomonas (B2), bio-fertilizer containing bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas (B3) bacteria. The results showed significant superiority of B3 in manganese in soil, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganeseuptake in plants, dry weight of plant, grain yield and B2 in both phosphorus, iron and zinc in the soil. The results also showed that H3 exceeded phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese in soil, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganeseuptake in plant, dry weight of plant and grain yield. And H2 in phosphorus uptake in the plant. The B2H3 interaction was significantly higher in both phosphorus, iron and zinc in the soil and interaction B3H3 in the manganese-prepared soil, iron and manganese uptake in the plant, grain yield and intraction B3H2 exceeded in both phosphorus and zinc uptake in the plant and dry weight in the plant.


Aim:  This study aims to determine the influence of previous abortions and new paternity on the risk of hypertension in a cohort of nulliparous women.


In my article I describe how the concept of 'patriotism' functions in the literary works of CezaryJellenta. I believe that in the historical period following the recreation of the independent Polishstate many important problems and doubts arose. In this article the subject of my interpretation isJellenta's diary Wielki zmierzch [The Great Twilight] (1925) about the times of the First World War.I begin with an account of Jellenta's revolutionary activity in 1905 (he was the editor-in-chief of"Ateneum" at that time). In the main, analytical, part I present his critical view of Poland and Poleson the eve of Independence Day. I distinguish three main groups of problems: the future Polish stateas an idea and a political conception, the Polish nation, and the concept of patriotism. I show howJellenta himself understood the notion of patriotism at that particular time. I refer to the19th-centurypatriotic traditions and political myths as well as the concept of national character. In the last part ofmy article I confront Jellenta's diary Wielki zmierzch with his study about Josef Pilsudski.


The gas charge container, the needle-shaped material and sample holder for holding; the needle held by the sample holder; deuterium gas supply means and for charging the deuterium gas into the needle-shaped material held by the sample holder heating means for heating the Jo material; has, after heating the needle-shaped material by said heating means, by blocking the heating by the heating means, cooling the needle-shaped material.


Sexually transmitted infections are tricky: prevention is always going to be difficult, especially if it involves changing behaviour, but the case of human papillomavirus suggests that preventive methods can be controversial even when they don't demand behaviour changes. Rebecca Coombes explains why a new vaccine against human papillomavirus that is designed to prevent cervical cancer is causing controversy in the US (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39164.510127.AD). The vaccine is given to preteen girls and is expensive. Some think that a mandatory universal vaccination programme undermines parental responsibility and promotes underage sex; it doesn't help that the manufacturer has been heavily promoting the vaccine. …


Thirty children between the ages of four and six responded to five language tasks designed to elicit the use of the present perfect have. Results demonstrate that the use of have is not stabilized by the age of six, even though the form begins to appear around age four. Intra- and inter-subject variation was high. The incidence of use of have varied according to the nature of the task and the syntactic form (question, statement, etc.) of the response. A variety of substitutions for the present perfect form was found. Results indicate that the number of different substitutions decreases with age, and the substitutions of the older children more closely resemble those of adults.


In his eleventh-century Proslogion St. Anselm puts forward the view that, far from being an exception to divine justice, divine mercy is the highest form of divine justice. Anselm's cryptic reasoning is initially puzzling. It becomes more accessible if we notice that he is taking as a model the theory of imperial clemency put forward by the first-century CE Stoic Seneca in his De Clementia, in which it is argued that imperial clemency is the highest form of justice. Anselm does not quote or make reference to Seneca's work, and so the case for the relationship between the two works has to be made on internal grounds, but recent scholarship has shown that Senecan materials were readily available in Anselm's milieu and that there are other cases in which he seems to be using Senecan material.


Using plastocyanin, we studied protein dynamics with the optical excitation of the charge-transfer band by ultrafast spectroscopy. The observed low-frequency vibrational mode is attributed to the reaction induced coherent skeletal motion of protein.


In reply We thank Dr Bloom for his letter and the opportunity to amplify the explanation we published concerning the definition of an MPS disc area. The MPS disc area and all previous MPS measurements are based on the assumptions that the optic disc is equal to 1500 μm and that the magnification of the photographs on a 35-mm negative is 3.0. These assumptions were made to derive a standard unit for measuring an area because the exact size of each optic disc differs and the magnification of cameras differs, not only by individual camera but also by refractive properties of the eye. 1 Because of these variations, we have been careful to use the term MPS disc areas rather than the unmodified term disc areas. These standard areas have been published, and templates with these standard areas to use on 35-mm negative angiograms derived from a 30° fundus camera


Aim. To study the influence of triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide [(PPh) 3P +C 14H 29] Br on the cell membranes permeability to Na + by determining the rate of Na +-Li +-counter transport in erythrocyte membrane depending on it's variable initial condition. Methods. Blood samples of 10 healthy volunteers with different Na +-Tі +-counter transport rate distribution in erythrocyte membrane were analyzed: I quartile (5 subjects) — low permeability, III quartile (5 subjects) — moderately high permeability. Results. Na+-Li+-counter transport rate change in erythrocyte membrane under the influence of triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide depends on genetically determined initial membrane permeability. In subjects belonging to III quartile of Na +-Li +-counter transport the initial membrane permeability is high, and after administration of 0.001 and 0.005 μΜ concentrations of [(PPh) 3P +C 14H 29] Br membrane permeability to Na + increased. In subjects belonging to I quartile of Na +-Tі +-counter transport (low initial permeability) [(PPh) 3P +C 14H 29] Br did not alter membrane permeability to Na +. Conclusion. Triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide increases erythrocyte membrane permeability to Na + in subjects belonging to III quartile of Na +-Li +-counter transport and dose not influence subjects belonging to I quartile of Na +-Tі +-counter transport.


Since the rite education conduces to the personality modeling and communication ability improvements,as well as contributes to the formation of good images,interpersonal relationships and sports participants 'etiquette,this paper studies the application of the rite education to social dance in college physical education. The result indicates that it is an effective way to apply the rite education to college physical education. Thus it concludes that in college physical education,skills are the key points while"Easier said than done"is the main difficult. Such methods are favorite among students like teachers' model demonstration,body training method,optimizing teaching through emotion and simulation method. Recommendations: propel the development of sports etiquette teaching through the establishment of relevant mechanism,attach great importance to the compiling of sports teaching materials and strengthen the teaching staff.


The effectiveness of linseed oil and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) encapsulated poly(aniline-formaldehyde) [PAF] microcapsules was investigated for healing of cracks generated in paint/coatings. Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline-formaldehyde resin to form a shell over the linseed oil and mercaptobenzothiazole. Characterizations of these capsules were studied by FTIR, TGA, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). EIS studies of the artificial defect area have shown that the coating containing microcapsules is able to protect steel in neutral media since the impedance values remained at 1.287 × 108 Ω cm2 even after 15 days exposure whereas the coatings without microcapsules lost their protection ability. The self healing ability of the coating containing microcapsules was studied by SVET.


The study is aimed at identifying traffic/highway design/driver-vehicle information significantly related with fatal/severe crashes on urban arterials for different crash types. Since the data used in this study is observational (i.e., collected outside the purview of a designed experiment); an information discovery approach is adopted for this study. Random Forests, which are ensembles of individual trees grown by CART (Classification and regression tree) algorithm, are applied in numerous applications for this purpose. However, recent research has shown that the 'Gini index' criterion used in the algorithm is biased towards continuous variables or categorical variables with more levels. Since the 'Gini index' criterion searches for a favorable split, the chance of finding one increases if the variable satisfies the above criteria. The fallout is that a variable could be selected even though it's not particularly informative in terms of its relationship with the target variable. To overcome this issue conditional inference forests have been implemented. In each tree of the conditional inference forest, splits are based on how good the association is, i.e., the resulting daughter node should have a higher association with the binary dependent variable. Chi-square test statistics are used to measure the association. Apart from identifying the variables which improve classification accuracy, the methodology also clearly identifies the variables which are neutral to accuracy and also those which decrease it. The methodology is quite insightful in identifying the variables of interest in the database. For example, the usual suspects like alcohol/ drug use and higher posted speed limits are contributing to severe crashes. Failure to use safety equipment by all passengers and presence of driver/passenger in the vulnerable age group (more than 55 years or less than 3 years) increased the severity of crashes. A new variable, 'element' has been used in this study which assigns crashes to segments, intersections or access points based on the information from site location, traffic control and presence of signals. The authors were able to identify roadway locations where severe crashes tend to occur. For example, segments and access points were found to be riskier for single vehicle crashes. Higher skid resistance and k-factor also contributed towards increased severity of crashes.


As a particular kind of language expression,grammatical metaphor is a significant embodiment of English genre.The distribution of grammatical metaphor in English speech possesses its own features,which shows that speech is different from the other discourses.This paper tries to make an analysis of the stylistic features of English speech from the perspective of grammatical metaphor theory in functional linguistics,which is to help us have a good command of this kind of discourse.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine in early weaning (within 48 hours) from vasopressor support in patients with septic shock. We also aimed to assess mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Study Design: We conducted a descriptive case series study of 50 patients with septic shock who were admitted in the ICU of the Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi in Pakistan from August 2017 until April 2018. Materials and Methods: The study included men and women (16 to 80 years of age) who were admitted to the ICU with septic shock. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Inferential analysis was done with the help of simple and multivariate binary logistic regression that generated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR), respectively. Results: Of the 50 patients, 56% (N = 28) were male with a mean age of the respondents being 46.7 ± 18.4. Eighty-four percent were successfully weaned off vasopressors within 48 hours. Median days in the ICU were reported as 8.3 (interquartile range (IQR) = 5). Primary bacteremia (34%) was the most reported cause of ICU admission. The most common vasopressor was norepinephrine and its mean dose was 21.6 ± 10.7 microgram/min. The ICU mortality was observed at 52% (N = 26). Unadjusted OR showed a dose of norepinephrine, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, plasma procalcitonin, and plasma lactate to be significant predictors (p-value < 0.05), while the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed only a dose of norepinephrine to be a statistically significant predictor (AOR = 0.804, 95% CI = 0.674 - 0.960; p-value = 0.016). Conclusion: The administration of intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine to patients with septic shock was successful in early weaning from vasopressors. There was also a reduction in procalcitonin and lactate levels, as well as the SOFA score. Further trials are needed to determine whether the metabolic resuscitation protocol can become part of the treatment for septic shock.


On the basis of analysing the very capital city in ancient time,the article states not only the forms.essential factors and influnced Ideas but also the regulations and substantial characters of the development in ancient time.


ABSTRACT The effect of TiO2 addition on tribology and in-vitro biological characteristics of ceria-stabilized zirconia-toughened alumina (CSZTA-TiO2) ceramic composites were examined and presented in this study. Through the powder metallurgy route, the TiO2 added to CSZTA samples were synthesized and sintered (air environment). Additionally, the pin on the disc machine was used to examine the wear characteristics of sintered samples. Adding TiO2 to CSZTA enhances the tribological properties compared to pure ceria-stabilized zirconia-toughened alumina (CSZTA). In addition, the samples (CSZTA and CSZTA-TiO2) were subjected to aging. There is no monoclinic-phase transformation (no degradation) in the CSZTA-TiO2 sample after 100 h of testing, confirming its great resistance to LTD. The bioactivity of developed CSZTA and CSZTA-TiO2 samples was studied using simulated body fluid (SBF). After chemical treatment, it was shown that the composite would create an apatite layer that resembled bone when soaked in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations equal to human blood plasma. These results suggest that it may generate apatite within a live organism and connect to the bone via the apatite layer.


It took approximately one century to discover the neuropathologic lesion responsible for Parkinson's disease, of which clinical manifestations were originally described in 1817. Namely, the lesion is located in the substantia nigra pars compacta and is histologically characterized by loss of pigmented nerve cells, formation of Lewy bodies and proliferation of astrocytes. The neuronal loss is observed predominantly in the lateral portion of the pars compacta, more conspicuously in its ventral region where immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase is also decreased. The formation of Lewy bodies, which are found to be peculiar in Parkinson's disease, may hold a clue to the elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal degeneration. An animal model induced by MPTP stimulates a search for environmental factors capable of initiating the disease.


Flat roof systems have associated with them several anomalies related to their waterproofing system which may end up causing leaks into the buildings, leading to a series of problems for the user of the building. Following that feeling of dissatisfaction by the user of the building, urges the adoption of measures aimed at improving the quality of construction. Among those measures are the technical control activities already widely discussed and applied in several countries. Those activities help to promote a higher level of quality of the built environment in general, through an analysis and control of the situations which may cause a decrease of the quality level from the design phase to the implementation phase, and eventually the maintenance phase. Technical control can also serve as a basis for entry into scene of insurers that will define insurance premiums based on the conclusions made by the technical control activities, allowing the user of the building to have an extra guarantee. This work aims to promote the technical control activity, especially the technical control activities of waterproofing systems of flat roofs. The work dealt with the various critical points waterproofing systems of flat roofs and created proposals for improving the reporting models already used for carrying out technical control checks. The present work also includes the application of those proposed models on two study cases.


Geogrophy is one of the main subjects which is infiltrated with sustainable ideas.Middle school geogrophy teaching reform is a good chance for sustainable education.We should further conduct geography teaching reform with sustainable ideas,further harmonise relationship between human and earth,and pay more attention to human society.


The charactet Scarlet in the famous novel Gone with the Wind leaves the world an unforgettable impression.This is not only because of her beautiful look,but also of her personality___courage,strength,and fear of nothing.With her persistence and greediness,she attained the statue of an obliterating legend in the history of American culture.


, WASHINGTON, Feb. 6 (AP)WI.lliam Dudley Pelley, goateed fuehrer of the Silver Shirt LegIon, appeared dramatically out 01 the nowhere today to explode any Idea that he and Repr esentative Dies of Texas had an underthetable agreement. Eighty nine high sthools, junior' The festival program includes colleges and community dramatic demonstrations and round table groups have entered the 15th discussions on problems of actannual state play production fesing, directing, staging ptaywrittival at the University of Iowa, ing and the educational aspects Prof. Bruce E. Mahan, diJ'ector of of dramatic art. the extension division, announced All the plays given during the yesterday. festival will be evaluated and High schools will give their their achievements wiU be deplays March 25 to 30, junior colscribed as superior, excellent, leges, April 1 and 2 and commungood, average, or below average. ity groups, April 4 to 6. Two or more playS may reCeive The high school class is the an identical raUng. largest with 57 schools entered. The judges will be selected by Eighteen community groups and the general committee. Groups 14 junior colleges are participatrated as superior or excellent will ing. be presented certlilcates of award by the general committee. with ,I'ades 10 to 12 having an All Iowa high schools are eflJ'oliment of 120 or less. eligible to enroll but are divided All Iowa junior colleges at'e into three classes. Class A schools eligible to enroll, include high schools with grades Community groups are also di9 to 12 having an enroUment of vided into three groups. Class more than 450 or with grades 10 A Includes organized little theato 12 having an enrollment of ter groups which produce plays more than 375. extensively under a specificaUy Class B schOOls are those with named director. grades 9 to 12 having an enr011Com m un i ty drama groups ment ot from 151 to 450 01' with which produce plays only occag.rades 10 to 12 having an enrollsionally under various directors or ment of !l'om 121 to 375 . members are included in Class B. Class C high schools include I The class C group includes the schools with grade 9 to 12 having lil'st production ol original onean enrollment of 150 01' less or act plays written and entered by a western playwright. Plays entered in this class are given two ratings, one based on the play itseU and one on the production. The ollicial list of entrants is given here. Class A high schoolMissouri Valley, Davenport, Clinton, East Watcdoo, Burlington, West Waterloo, Keokuk, Ft. Madison and Muscatine. Class B high school-Emmetsburg, Valley High of Des Moines, Jesup, Manson, Leon, DeWitt, Strawberry Point, Tama, MancheSler, Marlon, Independence~ Sum ncr, Nevada, Monticello, Waverly, La Porte City and Moulton. Class C high school-Prairie City, New London, Wilton Junction, Wellman, Kalona, Brandon, Brighton, Grand Junction, Vinton School tor the Blind, Lone Tree, Wadena, Le Claire, Mt. Vernon, Letts, Winlield, Montrose, Winthrop, Hazleton, Glidden, South English, Delmar, Aurora, Malcom, Danville, Oelwein (Sacred Heart), Oxeord, West Branch, Blockton, Dubuque (Visitation), Monana and Randalia . Junior college-Webster City, (See FESTIVAL, Page 6) On Shivering Russians Around Open Fires


Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) were affected by the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak. About 82.9% of MSMEs were negatively affected. As a result, there were significant changes in running a business. The use of technology has become crucial and needed by the MSMEs to survive the pandemic's economic effect. Nevertheless, human resources in a village lack the knowledge of using technology to digitalize their business. MSMEs in Ciherang Village are among many MSME located in a village affected by the pandemic. Therefore, mentorship for MSMEs in Ciherang Village is crucial to ensure the MSME could survive and grow. According to the data from observation, some problems occur on the MSMEs in Ciherang Village: legalities, packaging, product picture, and knowledge to leverage the internet marketing. By mentorship, the MSMEs in Ciherang Village benefited and could implement the new things they learn in their business. At the end of the activity, the mentees have their Business Registration Number ( Nomor Induk Berusaha – NIB ), good packaging, good product pictures, and knowledge to leverage internet marketing.


A novel gain error shifting technique suitable for the design of high resolution programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs) is presented in this brief. By cascading the hybrid-exponential approximated PGAs, the gain error in a decibel (dB)-linear characteristic is effectively reduced while the control range increases. Based on the proposed technique, a PGA with a moderate gain range and an extremely small gain step and error is developed. The PGA is implemented by using a 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, occupying an area of 0.283 mm2. Operated at a supply voltage of 1.8 V, the fabricated circuit consumes a dc power of 7.02 mW. For 56 steps in the dB-linear control, the measurement results indicate a gain range of 40.4 dB, gain step of 0.73 dB and gain error of 0.07 dB. Measured at the highest gain mode, the PGA exhibits a bandwidth from 2.6 kHz to 14 MHz and input-referred noise of 29.33 nV/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz, while at the lowest gain, the bandwidth is measured from 2.6 kHz to 84.5 MHz and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{P}_{{\text {in-1dB} }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is 6.7 dBm.


PURPOSE: A biosensor electrode for detecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a forming method thereof, and a reproducing method thereof are provided to implement a biosensor which have high selectivity, high sensitivity, and reproducibility. CONSTITUTION: A forming method of a biosensor electrode for detecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is as follows. A metal electrode is provided. A metal electrode / mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) is formed by depositing a 3-MPA layer on the metal electrode, A metal electrode / MPA / NHS is formed by ester-combining the MPA of the metal electrode / MPA and N-hydroxy-succinimide. A metal electrode / MPA / NTA is formed by amide-combining the MPA of the metal electrode / MPA / NHS and NTA-C4-NH2. A metal electrode / MPA / NTA / Cu is formed by covalent-combining copper ions and NTA of the metal electrode / MPA / NTA. [Reference numerals] (AA) Deposition


The present invention discloses a diesel engine electronically controlled fuel injection boost circuit comprising a boost power management chip; input voltage VIN is connected to the pin through a resistor R1 is connected to the UVLO pin, and connected to the inductor L1 via the diode D1 the positive electrode and drain of the transistor Q1. When the MOSFET is turned off, since the current holding characteristic of the inductor L1, the current through the inductor will not immediately become zero, and the original circuit has been disconnected, only then is discharged through the inductor new circuit loop, i.e., inductors, capacitors, and Schottky diodes constituting a wheeling circuit, the inductor L1 through the Schottky diode D1 to charge capacitor C7, the voltage across capacitor C7 increases, the energy transfer is completed, when the output voltage is higher than the input voltage. Higher integration, the circuit structure is simple and practical, relatively high power conversion efficiency, small power consumption, and have the best self-diagnostic function. Fully meet the needs of high-pressure fuel injector driving Diesel Engines can be reliably achieve quick opening solenoid valve injectors.


In this paper,by integrating subjective and objective attribute weight information,an optimal combination weighting model in multi-attribute decision making is proposed,and the solution given in documentis simplified.The integrating weight coefficients are determined by calculating the similarity scale of each weight vector,and the similarity scales are given by relative entropy of weight vectors.Finally,an example is presented to illustrate the approach.


Priest's question at Jesus' trial does not come out of the blue but originates from hearing Jesus' cryptic teaching (to the high priests) about the son who inherits the vineyard. In addition, Kingsbury's approach opens up new avenues to explore even further the secrecy motif: Why in the first place does Jesus not tell anyone his identity, even his disciples? How does Jesus' use of the title Son of Man protect the secret of Jesus' identity as Son of God? How does Jesus' secrecy relate to the threat posed by his opponents' efforts to get charges against him? The answers to such questions will obviously build upon Kingsbury's perceptive analysis of this suspenseful story. By studying the titles in relation to the rhetoric of secrecy in Mark, Kingsbury has further shifted ground in traditional Christology by asking not only who Jesus is, but also who he is "for us." To agree that Jesus is Son of God leads us to take seriously Jesus' command to be least, to be servants, and to lose our lives for him and the good news. "Theologically," Kingsbury writes, "the purpose of this (secrecy) motif is to invite readers . . . to the realization that Jesus of Nazareth is of decisive importance as far as their relationship with God is concerned . . . (which) opens for them the possibility of entering upon, or being confirmed in, a life that is 'in alignment' with the life of Jesus himself (p. 141). On this point, a good companion volume to Kingsbury's work is Schubert Ogden's The Point of Christology (Harper and Row: San Francisco, 1982). Kingsbury's special contribution, the integration of Christology and secrecy in Mark's story, attests to the continuing allure of this ancient mystery story. For even when the secret is disclosed, the mystery of this man Jesus remains to be contemplated, revealing Christology to be, as Joseph Sittler has said, "reflection over and over and over again upon Jesus as the decisive manifestation of God for our lives." Kingsbury's fascinating work is one such fresh reflection which significantly advances our understanding of the dynamics of that mystery as tendered by Mark's Gospel.


Background: Transport inhibitors modulate endocannabinoid signaling by inhibiting their uptake through unknown mechanisms. Results: Effects of transport inhibitors upon endocannabinoid uptake and intracellular trafficking were lost in the absence of fatty acid-binding proteins. Conclusion: Fatty acid-binding proteins are physiological targets of transport inhibitors. Significance: These findings identify drug targets for modulating endocannabinoid signaling. N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids that engage diverse receptor systems. Recently, we identified fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) as intracellular NAE carriers. Here, we provide two new functions for FABPs in NAE signaling. We demonstrate that FABPs mediate the nuclear translocation of the NAE oleoylethanolamide, an agonist of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Antagonism of FABP function through chemical inhibition, dominant-negative approaches, or shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced PPARα activation, confirming a requisite role for FABPs in this process. In addition, we show that NAE analogs, traditionally employed as inhibitors of the putative endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter, target FABPs. Support for the existence of the putative membrane transporter stems primarily from pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid uptake by such transport inhibitors, which are widely employed in endocannabinoid research despite lacking a known cellular target(s). Our approach adapted FABP-mediated PPARα signaling and employed in vitro binding, arachidonoyl-[1-14C]ethanolamide ([14C]AEA) uptake, and FABP knockdown to demonstrate that transport inhibitors exert their effects through inhibition of FABPs, thereby providing a molecular rationale for the underlying physiological effects of these compounds. Identification of FABPs as targets of transport inhibitors undermines the central pharmacological support for the existence of an endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter.


We provide the first detailed description of mating behaviour and multiple mating in the southern dumpling squid, Euprymna tasmanica (Pfeffer, 1884) in the laboratory, as well as details on their general spawning patterns. We found that male E. tasmanica increase the number of 'pumps' (mantle contractions) when mating with females that had recently mated, showing that males are able to determine the recent mating history of females. We also found that at the conclusion of mating, the male's hectocotylus was enlarged. To our knowledge, neither had previously been described in sepiolid squid. Euprymna tasmanica females lay multiple clutches over a large proportion of their lifespan, from 1 to 121 d. There was a considerable variation in the number of eggs produced per female in captivity, ranging from 6 to 646 eggs, and in the number of eggs per clutch, from 6 to 163 eggs. Egg number per clutch declined significantly over the spawning period. Larger females produced larger hatchlings, and egg mass and hatchling mass were significantly correlated. At higher ambient water temperatures the rate at which females produced clutches increased and the size of the eggs laid decreased.


For the Halley method, we generalize the usual Kantorovich type assumptions, from which an iterative process of R-order three is convergent, so that the corresponding convergence analysis can be applied to a larger number of equations. We present an example consisting of a nonlinear integral equation where the method is applied.


A number of disastrous volcanic eruptions in the Japanese Main islands, including all those recorded eruptions which have caused great loss of life, have been studied, and in most cases the volcanoes have been visited. It appears that lahars (mud-flows) and tsunamis, either caused by lahars or avalanches entering the sea, or by submarine faulting, have been the main cause of less of life. A coinparison has been made with volcanic disasters in New Zealand, a country with a mt}ch shorter period of recorded history, and there too the lahar is the main cause 'of }oss of t life. Mention is made of two present potential hazards in Japan, and attention is drawn to the need for multiple methods of surveillance and prediction of eruptions.


The translation of D·H·Lawrence has undergone a zigzagging and developing process in China.This article tends to make a relatively comprehensive summary about the translation of D·H·Lawrence's works in China,from the angles like the translation backgrounds of the times,the translation of Lawrence's works in China and the translation of the biographical works about Lawrence,hoping to render a certain help to Lawrence study in China.


The effect of different storage time and methods of multinutrient blocks (MNB) with organic mineral source were organoleptic physically investigated. Material used were fermented rice straw, molasses, urea, clamshell, bentonite, and salt. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design (4×3) with three replications. The first factor was the storage time (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks) and the second factor was the methods to keep the MNB (wrapped in clear plastic, unwrapped on an open tray and unwrapped on a closed tray). Parameters observed were sensory properties (color, flavor, texture, and contamination) and moisture contents. The results showed that there was interaction among storage time and the method of keeping the MNB. Storage time significantly affected (P<0.05) MNB's contamination and texture without any effect upon color and flavor of MNB. Multinutrient blocks stored unwrapped in open places provided good results up to week four. It can be concluded that keeping the MNB wrapped in clear plastic up to six weeks showed the best physically results compared to others.


Horror fiction has been immensely popular since the first "Gothic" novel appeared in the eighteenth century, but critics have almost universally dismissed it as contemptible and even dangerous. Why? Many critics claim that horror stories create real-world horrors, and their condemnations aim to control this threat. Gothic Realities examines the horrific agency that critics have granted the horror genre for more than two centuries, identifying the extent to which Gothic fictions have the power to spawn Gothic realities.


A potential local anesthetic, ropivacaine, is synthesized labeled with tritium. The label is introduced by reduction of a racemic tetrahydropyridine derivative with tritium gas. Resolution into the labeled enantiomers is accomplished by preferential crystallization with added carrier. The location of the tritium label is verified by 3H NMR.


"In a few minutes," the Ministro said, waiving aside my father's objec- tions, "every important businessman in this country will traipse in here. Ready to invest in Expo '92, to buy into the new image Chile is mar- keting to the world. They've begun to understand that you don't sell a product, you sell a whole goddamn country, you trademark and posi- tion the whole goddamn beautiful country. They're primed, they're panting for something new, anything that will close the doors of the past and advertise who we are. They're looking at the future with mod- ern eyes. . . ." —Ariel Dorfman, The Nanny and the Iceberg 1


Late one night in October 2011, Bruce Beutler checked his e-mail and saw a tantalizing subject line: it simply said, "Nobel Prize." Beutler's first thought was that it was a general announcement about that year's Nobel Prizes, but as he read further he realized he had been awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. "Usually people speak of the phone call they received, but in my case I was notified by e-mail because nobody knew my phone number," says Beutler. "There was a period of disbelief," he says, but he checked on-line and found his name showing up in news releases all over the world, "and then I was very excited."

Bruce Beutler. Photo by Brian Coats for UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Beutler received the prize for his discovery of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, the first-known mammalian receptor protein of the innate immune system. Beutler discovered the process by which mammals, including humans, detect invading microbes, a crucial initial step in mounting an immune response. He shared the prize with immunologist Jules Hoffmann, who discovered an immune function for the Toll receptor in fruit flies, and Ralph Steinman, who discovered dendritic cells and their role in adaptive immunity. "The LPS sensing role of TLR4 was a huge surprise," says Beutler, director of the Center for the Genetics of Host Defense at the University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Beutler had already received several other awards for his contributions to immunology and had just returned from Hong Kong, where he shared the 2011 Shaw Prize in Life Sciences and Medicine, when he learned about the Nobel Prize. He was elected to both the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine in 2008. As it turns out, Beutler got his first taste of scientific research thanks to another National Academy of Sciences member: his father, Ernest Beutler.


Radicalism and Islamic phobia have the potential to cause conflict amongst religious communities so that it needs social movements in building religious moderation. This study aims to understand and analyse the Ahlussunnah Waljamaah theology in the six largest Islamic community organisations in Indonesia in implementing religious moderation. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data obtained from interviews, observations and in-depth interviews regarding the process of externalising, objectifying and internalising the theology of Ahlusunnah Waljamaah in Nahdlatul Ulama, Rifa'iyah, Muhammadiyah, Al-Irsyad, Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia and Front Pembela Islam organisations. Then, the data were analysed through social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and T. Luckman. The results show that the six largest Islamic community organisations in Indonesia apply Ahlussunnah Waljamaahs theology. Those Islamic community organisations differently understand the externalisation of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah theology based on its teaching. Thus, it has implications for Aswaja's model of application (objectification) in the fields of state, preaching, social and cultural life. Aswaja's internalisation is reflected in the moderate character of the figures and followers of mass organisations in Indonesia. The Islamic community organisations contribute to build Islamic moderation character by applying an established and consistent theology of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah in various fields.Contribution: This article provides insight into the contribution of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah's theology in establishing moderate Islam in Indonesia. It contributes to build Islamic moderation's character by applying an established and consistent theology of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah in various fields.


The present invention provide a miniaturized radiation characteristics without causing the decline of the wireless IC device. A wireless IC device of the present invention comprises an electromagnetic coupling module (1), the electromagnetic coupling module (1) by the process of sending the received signal, the radio IC chip (5) and set the power supply circuit board power supply circuit includes an inductor element (10) constituting . In the power supply circuit board (10) provided with an external electrode electromagnetically coupled to the power supply circuit, the external electrode and the shield case (28) or a wiring cable electrically connected. Shielding case (28) or the wiring cable functions as a radiation plate, the wireless IC chip (5) operate in accordance with the shielding case (28) or the wiring cable of the received signal, the response signal from the wireless IC chip (5) from the shield housing (28) or the wiring cable to the external radiation. Functions as a radiation plate metal components may be provided on the ground electrode (20) on the printed wiring board.


Marine litter along the coastal area has long been a threat to the ecosystem and one of the crucial issues repeatedly in debates. Since the study of marine litter is at its infant stage in Malaysia, this research took the initiative to focus on coastal pollution with the objective to ascertain the amount of different categories of macro marine litter, to determine the amount of microplastic in the sediment layer, and to determine the possible correlation between macroplastic abundance and microplastic amount in the sediment layer. The study area is the coastal region of Kuala Perlis, Malaysia. Macro marine litter is collected at four sampling sites along the shoreline stretching 100 m in length and divided by four sections in width. A quadrat of 50 cm x 50 cm is used to collect sediment from surface to 5 cm depth for microplastic analysing. The total weight of macroplastics collected is 27.79 kg with highest amount being plastic weighing 20.1 kg, fabric (6.96 kg), glass (0.53 kg) and rubber (0.2 kg), while wood and metal were unfound. The amount of macroplastic, being the most collected, proved the reason it becomes a major threat. This study found the amount of microplastics ranged between 0.000096 to 0.000160 kg/m 3 , while macroplastics ranged between 0.00167 to 0.00402 kg/m 2 . Result shows a significant relationship (R 2 of 0.9328) between macro and microplastic at 95% significance level. The linear regression equation computed is y = 26.388x + 0.051, with y representing microplastic (kg/m 2 ) while x represents macroplastic (kg/m 2 ).


As large distributed multimedia applications continue to grow in functionality and complexity, the resource requirements by these applications become more crucial in order to maintain an acceptable Quality of Service level. However, the underlying framework, over which these applications execute, remains predominantly best effort and heterogeneous in nature. Under these conditions, the applications require reactive QoS controls to ensure that end-to-end quality of service remains acceptable in terms of a critical application-specific service parameter. We have developed a gateway-centric architecture for reactive QoS control to allow flexible applications to reconfigure within clients and across multiple servers. Our solution aims to enforce a critical application-specific QoS parameter and gracefully degrade other QoS parameters. The results, verified in an omni-directional visual tracking application, show that we can preserve acceptable visual tracking precision, even by gracefully adapting frame rate and other QoS. iv Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank Prof. Nahrstedt for all of her invaluable guidance and support in helping me achieve all that I have. I would also like to thank the other members of the helped whenever I had questions or needed assistance with the theory and implementation of our framework. Thanks also goes to Marjory Johnson and the NREN team at NASA Ames Research Center for their help while I was performing experiments there. Finally, I would like to give thanks to my family for keeping me grounded, and to Ardi who gave me sanity and support, both of which were greatly appreciated.


JAIN envisions the creation of a number of Java APIs that abstract the details of networks and protocol implementations, and allow for the development of portable applications. The JAIN Protocol Experts Group (PEG) will focus on developing Java APIs for protocols used in telephony, INs, wireless networks, and the Internet. The PEG is organized into an SS7 subgroup and an IP subgroup. The article provides an introduction to PEG. It next describes the JAIN SS7 APIs. It then describes the JAIN IP APIs. The article also explains how JAIN SS7 and IP APIs can be leveraged for the converged SS7-IP networks of the future and describes the JAIN PEG roadmap.


A method of specifying the colour of bacon by measurement of its red, green, and blue spectral components is described.Statistical evidence, based on a total of 792 observations, is presented which indicates that although the variation of these three components of colour from sample to sample of meat is to some extent correlated, each also exhibits a significant element of independent fluctuation. It is accordingly concluded that for investigational purposes, all three components should be included in forthcoming studies of colour and colour stability, and factors influencing them, in an extended series of samples. The possibility that for routine operations such as plant control a more limited analysis might suffice, will, however, also be made the subject of inquiry.


The relation between morphology and photoelectric properties of PPV derivatives/fullerene composites forming bulk heterojunction solar cells has been investigated. The solvent used to spin cast the photoactive layers has a main influence on the quenching of the MEH-PPV fluorescence, which could be attributed to different dispersion abilities of C 60 in the polymer layer shown by AFM microscopy. Formation of large fullerene aggregates is observed at fullerene concentrations of the order of 10% leading to phase separation for composite layers processed in THF, whereas more dispersed distributions of fullerenes are observed in an aromatic solvent like ODCB which accounts for a more efficient luminescence quenching with increasing filler concentrations. However the improvement of the dissociation of photogenerated charge pairs is counterbalanced by a less efficient charge transport in the composite shown by lower short circuit currents probably due to unfavorable polymer chain arrangement in ODCB. Thin film processing conditions have been modified by the preparation of blends of solutions of the polymer in THF and fullerene in ODCB. The resulting spin casted layers show improved morphologies implying better dispersion of the fullerenes and increased short circuit currents. The improvement of the photovoltaic properties of the MEH-PPV/C 60 composites has been attributed to the nanosized fullerene domains formed upon phase separation.


The Ku band and C band backscatter coefficient standard relationship plays an important role in dual frequency altimeter wind speed retrieval when it is raining.To improve the precision of wind speed retrieval,it is very important to put forward proper standard relationship.A new standard relationship based on polynomial regression was advanced by comparing with the 7.5 years of data of Jason-1.Statistical results indicate that the new method is more accurate than Quartly's and Yang's standard relationship.This relationship provides new theoretical basis for wind retrieval when it is raining.During regression,the standard relationship may depend on other items,and the precession may improve if these items are taken into account.


For young people it just gets worse. Ten years after the Columbine tragedy, the debate over school safety has clearly shown that educators, parents, politicians, and the mainstream media have created the conditions in which young people have increasingly become the victims of adult mistreatment, indifference, neglect, even violence. The tragic shootings at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999 seem to fix in time and space an image of children as violent, a threat to public safety, and increasingly in need of surveillance, policing, and containment. How children experience, resist, challenge, and mediate the complex culture, politics, and social spaces that mark their everyday lives did not seem to warrant the attention such issues deserve, especially in light of the ongoing assaults on minority youth of color and class that have taken place following the Columbine killing spree. Rather than giving rise to a concern for young people, Columbine helped to put into place the development of a youth control complex in which crime has become the fundamental axis through which children's lives are both defined and monitored while the militarization of schools became the order of the day. One major effect of the Columbine tragedy can be seen in the increasingly popular practice of organizing schools through disciplinary practices that closely resemble the culture of prisons.[1] For instance, many public schools, traditionally viewed as nurturing, youth-friendly spaces dedicated to protecting and educating children, have become one of the most punitive institutions young people now face – on a daily basis. Educating for citizenship, work, and the public good has been replaced with models of schooling in which students are viewed narrowly either as a threat or perpetrator of violence, on the one hand, or as infantilized potential victims of crime (on the Internet, at school, and in other youth spheres) who must endure modes of governing that are demeaning and repressive, on the other. Jonathan Simon captures this transformation of schools from a public good to a security risk in the following comment:


Inputting to a notebook computer (NPC) can differ from inputting to a desktop style computer. NPCs are self-contained, so if no peripherals are used, the user works with the keyboard layout and style and location of pointing device provided by the manufacturer. In contrast to standard external keyboards, there are few redundancies provided on an NPC keyboard. Another important difference is keyboard location - because the monitor and keyboard of most NPCs are joined, the user must make a location choice that will potentially compromise body comfort in one or more regions. This paper focuses on some inherent restrictions to inputting on a self-contained NPC.


The purpose of this research is to modify a simple disc device for learning physical education. The research method used was the development of Borg & Gall, namely (1) collecting information, (2) developing the initial form (in the form of a disc tool model), (3) expert validation testing, namely using 1 validation of athletic experts and one physical education learning expert, and small-scale trials using questionnaires and analysis, (4) revision of the first product design, based on the results of experts and small-scale trials (20 students), (5) field trials (48 students), (6) final product revision, (7) the final result of the modification produced through revision of field trials.The results of expert validation were carried out by 2 validities, namely validation in the field of athletic experts and validation of physical education material experts, and the results obtained in each validity were the first for the validation results in the field of athletic experts getting a percentage of 87.6% calcification (Good) , the second for the validation results in the field of Physical Education material experts got a percentage of 83.0% with the classification (Good). The results of the student questionnaire on a small scale test got a percentage of 86.6% (good). the results of the questionnaire on large-scale test students got a percentage of 81.8% (good).The conclusion and advice is that the development of a modified model of disc throwing tools with iron plate waste media can be used as an alternative to discus throwing. With the modification of disc throwing, teachers and students can be helped in learning discusses, students are interested and more active and excited in learning throw the disc.


Building the interconnection mechanism of carbon emission trading market in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an innovative exploration to promote regional carbon emission reduction. This paper analyzes the feasibility of interconnecting carbon emission trading markets in the Bay Area from the perspectives of the difference between industrial structure and energy consumption, as well as the compatibility of carbon emission trading systems, by analyzing the operation status of carbon trading markets in Guangdong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Macao, and the experience of Guangdong and Shenzhen as the Chinese carbon trading pilot. Based on the above discussion, this paper puts forward three adjustment ideas for the interconnection of the Bay Area Carbon Market: providing legal support, unifying the access to industry sectors and its quantities, and establishing a complete carbon emission monitoring, reporting and verification institution.


Opportunistic access to spectrum and secondary allocation of spectrum are topics being studied by regulatory bodies and organizations with interest in spectrum utilization. The DARPA ATO neXt Generation (XG) Program is investigating opportunistic use of spectrum wherein users would dynamically access spectrum based on its availability. Such access may embody changes to regulatory policies governing access to the RF spectrum. Additionally, the methods studied by the XG program could be used for secondary access within a fixed portion of spectrum. Opportunistic access would open spectrum that is sparsely used (temporally and spatially) to users who otherwise would be confined to inadequate frequency bands. An XG-enabled radio would sense and characterize spectral activity, identify spectral opportunities for use, and coordinate access, with the goal of not interfering with the primary, non-XG, and users. This paper describes a sensor suite and media access control (MAC) concepts representative of XG. A prototypical experiment has been conducted with the XG MAC in an environment of 802.11b radios. Results are presented that illustrate the operation of the MAC concept and demonstrate performance parameterized by the load carried by both 802.11b and XG


Insurance and risk management strategies for physicians and advisorsa strategic approach , Insurance and risk management strategies for physicians and advisorsa strategic approach , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران


realistic portrayal in African children's literature that Maddy and MacCann seek to promote. For them, Out of Bounds: Seven Stories about Conflict and Hope, the work of Beverly Naidoo, who was imprisoned and sent into exile for being a supporter of the resistance movement in South Africa, represents elements of reality in African children's literature. Unlike poorly informed authors and disinterested publishers, Naidoo "knows the social history of which she speaks. She knows how to use the short story form to convey that history in ways that engage children" (8). All said, Neo-Imperialism in Children's Literature about Africa is a veritable gold mine of vigorous rebuttals against distortions of Africa found in literature for children. It is an invaluable contribution to making multiculturalism and social justice relevant in our contemporary multicultural world, which cannot afford any more irrelevancies or any more affirmations of human inequality.


of manufacturing changes intriguing and filled with anecdotes. Historians will find her arguments on the divisions of labor in weaving and the importance of import-export markets crucial for market and gender studies. The Weaver's Craft is an interesting case study of rural Pennsylvania manufacturing that raises questions about regional industrialization and gender divisions of labor in cloth production, but Hood's most significant contribution is a model for the historical interpretation of textile goods.


This paper describes Rotek Engineering's experience in the inspection, evaluation, refurbishment and replacement of a wide range of generator rotor coil retaining rings. Coil retaining rings are the most highly stressed components on a rotor and are predominantly manufactured from 18Mn 4Cr steels. These steels are very susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This calls for regular and frequent maintenance inspections in order to reduce the possibility of a catastrophic failure. The methods adopted by Rotek Engineering in its pursuit to ensure the short and long-term integrity of these critical components, are presented. Stress corrosion cracking is the predominant cause of damage to coil retaining rings and can only be rectified a limited number of times. The major driving force behind stress corrosion cracking is the corrosive hostility of the environment surrounding a coil-retaining ring. This is very difficult to constantly monitor and control. A long-term solution to the stress corrosion-cracking problem has been offered by the advent of the 18Mn 18Cr steels.


Abstract Preoxidized fiber was used here as a reinforcement for the first time. Polypropylene fiber was used as resin matrix, and the preform with the two types of fiber was prepared by a nonwoven process. Then, hot-pressing was applied to make a treatment for the preform, and the thermoplastic composites reinforced with preoxidized fiber were prepared. The effects of the hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing pressure, weight percentage of preoxidized fiber, and nonwoven process on bending failure strength along the machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (CD) were studied under a three-point bending load. It was concluded that the flexural strength of the composites along MD and CD decreases with increasing hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing pressure, while an initial increase and then decrease was observed with the increase in the weight percentage of preoxidized fiber. However in both directions, flexural strength of the composites is influenced significantly by the nonwoven process. Finally, the bending failure mode of the composites generated micro-flaws, which can be observed on the center surface of the composites. The micro-flaws extend to the ends along the thickness direction of the composites, and plastic bending failure is observed due to partial delamination.


1. The effects of gonadotrophins (luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin) and cyclic AMP on ionic conductances were investigated using the tight‐seal whole‐cell recording technique in Leydig cells freshly isolated from nature rat testis by enzymatic treatment. 2. In resting cells, the predominant ionic conductance is a voltage‐dependent K+ conductance resembling the delayed rectifier K+ conductance of T‐lymphocytes. This conductance is characterized by: (1) a time‐dependent inactivation for potentials more positive than +20 mV, (2) a reversal potential near ‐65 mV, (3) a sensitivity to intracellular Cs+, and (4) a sensitivity to extracellular TEA and 4‐aminopyridine. 3. A Cl‐ conductance is also present resembling the Cl‐ background conductance in squid axons and heart cells. In resting cells, this conductance contributes only a small component of the total outward current obtained with depolarizing pulses. 4. Gonadotrophins (human chorionic gonadotrophin, porcine luteinizing hormone and ovine luteinizing hormone) have little effect on the K+ conductance. They transiently increase a Cl‐ conductance after a delay of up to 30 s. This response does not occur if the hormones are applied late in the whole‐cell recording. Gonadoliberine (GnRH) does not affect the Cl‐ or K+ conductance. 5. Internal cyclic AMP (100 microM) mimics all these effects while internal application of a GTP‐ATP mixture induces a similar response, which is, however, sustained rather than transient. 6. The Cl‐ conductance was studied quantitatively with a GTP‐ATP internal solution. This conductance is activated by depolarizing voltage steps to test potentials of ‐40 mV or more. Under these conditions, the instantaneous current observed as soon as the depolarizing pulse is applied displays outward rectification and reverses near ECl. During the pulses, a strong inactivation is observed for potentials greater than +40 mV. This conductance is independent of external and internal calcium. 7. It is concluded that the gonadotrophins act through a cyclic AMP‐dependent process to activate a Cl‐ conductance. This conductance is different to the hyperpolarization‐activated Cl‐ conductance and the calcium‐activated Cl‐conductance also present in the membrane of resting cells.


As the use of electronic components and systems (ECS) grows, their reliability must be ensured. It is necessary that ECS reliability is analysed since early development stages and that the means used fit systems engineering practices. Within this context, we present a new proposal for reliability analysis at system design. The proposal aims to link two approaches: model-based systems engineering with Arcadia/Capella and knowledge-centric systems engineering with the Systems Engineering Suite. We introduce how the proposal can effectively link them and enable model-based reliability-oriented system design in industry.


The Segond Fracture (SF) is considered pathognomonic of an anterior cruciate ligament 10 (ACL) tear. However, the precise anatomy of the soft tissue attachments responsible for 11 avulsion of SF's have been a cause of controversy in the literature with some authors 12 suggesting that they occur due to avulsion of the iliotibial band (ITB) and others reporting that 13 it is the anterolateral ligament (ALL). A thirty-one-year-old male patient presented with a work-related injury to his right knee that 16 resulted in ACL tear and a SF. Open SF fixation and arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were 17 performed. The anatomical dissection performed in order to fix the SF demonstrated that the 18 avulsion had occurred as a result of the tibial attachment of the ALL with a completely intact ITB. At one-year postoperative follow-up, the ACL graft had restored anterior tibial translation to within normal limits. However, residual rotational knee laxity was observed in the absence of any other secondary restraint lesions. This is an important finding because it highlights that patients with SF may be at increased risk of persistent instability after ACL reconstruction even in the presence of an anatomically correctly positioned and well-functioning ACL graft. It also demonstrates that anatomical reduction and fixation of SF at the time of ACLR does not necessarily restore normal knee kinematics and consideration should be given to recession of the fixation of motion. The 91 subjective IKDC score was 68.97. The Lysholm score was 79. Lachman's test showed a 92 restored normal laxity with a firm end-point. The side-to-side difference was +2 mm, as 93 measured by the Rolimeter (Aircast, Europe). These results confirm that the ACL graft had restored anterior tibial translation to within normal limits. However, residual rotational laxity 95 was observed. The pivot shift test was positive, Grade II (Clunk). The KiRA test (Orthokey, 96 Carrara, Italy) showed a differential range of 3.0. Plain radiographs showed union of the Segond fracture in a perfectly anatomic position and no ACL tunnel malposition.


Solvent effects on 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-pyridinium-1-yl)phenolate [ET (33) dye] and 7- diethylamino-3,4-benzophenoxazine-2-one (Nile Red) in binary mixtures of organic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, methanol and ethane-1,2-diol) with 1,3-dialkyl imidazoliumbased ionic liquids were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. Highly nonlinear behaviour of mixtures of alcohols and ionic liquids was found. A preferential solvation model was applied to the data obtained on solvatochromic shifts over the entire mixing range. It is fitting the data well for alcohol mixtures and for other solvent mixtures with different ionic liquids.


1. Purpose and Viewpoint This is to identify characteristics and problems of density in development types of Apartment complexes in Seoul. And it suggests an improvement way of density management in residential areas in terms of sustainable development. Density management of residential areas considers not only space but also time in terms of sustainable development. In terms of space, first of all, a proper density of residential areas is to secure a quality of residential environment through units of projects, blocks and neighborhood lives. In terms of time, otherwise, proper density of residential areas indicates to secure a quality of urban and residential environments, considering future households. 2. Conclusions and policy recommendations Floor area ratio is introduced three types as a project, a block, and a neighborhood types. At this time, a density range of a project is determined considering open spaces and zoning around a project area. A concept of household density is introduced in order to dissuade a super high density development in a residential area while a maximum limit is 350 households per hectare. Maximum stories are introduced with less than 10 percent of lot coverage when a high rise apartment complexes of higher than 30 story buildings. A planned FAR determined in classification of residential areas keeps below 250 percent while development FAR is determined below 300 percent. Shift projects for public housing in station areas with below 500 percent of FAR is applied specifically to changeable areas to a semi-residental zone.


At present, The study of human aging and its measurement is a global issue, some achievements have been made at home and abroad. At the micro molecular or cellular domain, some biological markers for judging senescence, such as, lipofuscin, telomere length are proposed , but these markers are lacking in recognition and require high detection techniques, expensive and difficult to apply large-scale population aging measurement. The application of scale is increasingly favored by many disciplines, including medicine . The advantages of this scale are generality, high value, sensitivity and stability, simple, no harm and easy acceptance. For example, WHOQOL-OLD scale and SCL-90 scale provide a successful precedent . Based on the above, the author puts forward the exploration and research of aging scale, aiming to build the technical index and tools of aging evaluation.


Objective
To explore the application of the 3D precise digital technology in restoring structural defects of the orbital region.

Methods
Structural defects of the orbital region concerning on osseous structure and soft tissue were restored in one stage or stages using EH composite artificial bone prosthesis with complex three-dimensional structure. The fabrication of EH composite artificial bone prosthesis was based on CT scanning and 3D reconstruction of the skull with computer aided data analysis and design. The appearance, degree of satisfaction and the complications were evaluated in postoperative regular follow-up.

Results
Five cases of structural defects in the orbital regions presenting bone defect and soft tissue abnormality, received treatments in the department from January 2016 to September 2017. The cases consist of one patient with dysplasia following surgical treatment, three with post-traumatic and one with Treacher-Collins syndrome. With the application of individualized EH composite artificial bone fabricated by aforementioned method, all the repair materials presented the ideal three-dimensional structure and coincided well with the defects, and soft tissue restoration of 2 cases was performed in one stage or by stages. Appearance and symmetry of the 5 cases was significantly improved, without complications of infection, rejection, exposure or graft tissue necrosis. All the patients were satisfied with the results.

Conclusions
In consideration of the capacity to fabricate accurate individualized repair materials, the three-dimensional digital technology plays an important role in the treatment of structural defects in the orbital region, especially the reconstruction of the bony contour. The simple orbital deformities can be treated with the repair materials and correction of soft tissue. For special orbital deformities, attention should be paid to bone structure repair, eye socket reconstruction and filling of orbital contents sequentially.

Key words:
Orbit; Deformity; Computer aided design; Materials; Repair


This report describes the results of a testing program designed to improve the fluidized bed denitration process at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP). Several equipment modifications were made to the existing process to obtain a critically safe system by geometry and to increase throughput from 4.5 to 7 L/h. Procedural changes were made and optimum operating parameters were found, resulting in improved overall performance of the system.


SUMMARY Separation-of-Duty (SoD) is a fundamental security principle for prevention of fraud and errors in computer security. It has been studied extensively in traditional access control models. However, the research of SoD policy in the recently proposed usage control (UCON) model has not been well studied. This paper formulates and studies the fundamental problem of static enforcement of static SoD (SSoD) policies in the context of UCONA, a sub-model of UCON only considering authorizations. Firstly, we define a set-based specification of SSoD policies, and the safety checking problem for SSoD in UCONA. Secondly, we study the problem of determining whether an SSoD policy is enforceable. Thirdly, we show that it is intractable (coNP-complete) to direct statically enforce SSoD policies in UCONA, while checking whether a UCONA state satisfies a set of static mutually exclusive attribute (SMEA) constraints is ecient, which provides a justification for using SMEA constraints to enforce SSoD policies. Finally, we introduce a indirect static enforcement for SSoD policies in UCONA. We show how to generate the least restrictive SMEA constraints for enforcing SSoD policies in UCONA, by using the attribute-level SSoD requirement as an intermediate step. The results are fundamental to understanding SSoD policies in UCON.


= Abstract = Purpose : Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a relatively uncommon superficial blistering skin disease that is due to Staphylococcus aureus. We had experienced a regional outbreak of SSSS over 3 years in healthy children. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of those patients diagnosed as SSSS. Most of neonatal cases were nosocomial infections and excluded from the analysis. The clinical features, laboratory findings, the isolation and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus, the antibiotic management and other supportive treatments were analyzed. Results : Fifty-five patients with SSSS were admitted to our hospital from October 2001 to September 2004. The median age of patients was 3.0 years. Of the 55 patients, 9 were the generalized type, 13 were the intermediate type and 33 were the scarletiniform rash. All the patients were living in neighborhood of the Jinju area. S. aureus were isolated from 9 of the patients and all of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin resistant. All the patients except two were treated with intravenous flocloxacillin or nafcillin and/or cefotaxime. All the patients recovered during the follow-up period of 2 to 3 weeks. Conclusion : We experienced a regional outbreak of SSSS in previous healthy children. Further study for finding the carriers of S. aureus caused SSSS and preventing the spread of this disease is needed. Additionally, guidelines for treating SSSS due to methicillin resistant S. aureus should be established. (Korean J Pediatr 2010;53:48-55)


The characteristics of particulate emissions from gasoline vehicles complying to Euro 3 or Euro 4 emission standards with port fuel injection ( PFI) engine or gasoline direct injection ( GDI) engine were investigated under cold start and hot start conditions by means of an electrical low-pressure impactor( ELPI) and an exhaust emission measuring system for the light-duty vehicle on a chassis dynamometer. The results show that the particulates emission from a Euro 3 PFI gasoline vehicle at cold start is characterized by higher particle number concentration and larger particle size,and that from a Euro 4 GDI vehicle is characterized by the highest particle area and mass concentrations. The particle number concentrations exhausted from both vehicles are in the same magnitude order of 106,and the particulates emission at hot start condition is 40% lower than that at cold start condition. More than 90% of the particle size concentration is distributed in the size range of 0. 007 ~ 0. 378 μm,more than 90% of the particle area concentration in the range of 0. 055 ~ 9. 83 μm,and 99% of the particle mass concentration in the range of 0. 091 ~ 9. 83 μm. Both the results calculated by ELPI and measured by particulate measuring system show that the particulates mass emissions from PFI gasoline vehicle under EUDC driving cycle are higher than those under ECE driving cycle. Results also show the particulates mass calculated by ELPI is different from that measured by standard measuring system.


Maintenance operations have grown exponentially during the past few years and have strained the capabilities of all qualified outside participants as well as those of in-house staffs. Firms that had been engaged in power plant maintenance have continually expanded their capabilities, and other firms that had concentrated on construction shifted much of their efforts over to maintenance as the construction business settled into the doldrums. At the same time, in-house maintenance capabilities have been expanded and strengthened. This state of affairs is a logical outcome of recent trends which have caused outage costs to escalate rapidly to astronomical figures. Early in 1974, utility spokesmen emphasized the need for strengthened maintenance programs to increase reliability and availability as construction plans were deferred or cancelled. Later in the year, some companies announced reductions in maintenance plans rather than increases as the financial squeeze tightened. Fortunately, such cutbacks did not materialize to any great extent.


This paper investigates the operation and protection issues on distribution systems with high penetration of residential PV systems. Residential PV systems represent small scale resources and therefore they have different impacts on a distribution circuit than larger scale resources. The paper considers a typical residential distribution system and shows that determining the fault current profile and voltage variations on such systems becomes more challenging. However, the impacts on system protection and voltage variation are not severe on such systems, and thus, high level penetration can be accommodated provided that proper revisions are made to the protection and voltage control schemes.