Conceptual differences between macro-econometric and CGE models This paper discusses the main similarities and differences between macro-econometric and Computable General Equilibrium models. It shows that, while both types of models are based on a core input-output and national accounting framework, differences in the underlying behavioural assumptions mean that the direction of causation of many of the key flows in the model is reversed. The discussion of differences in approach starts with the key assumption about how uncertainty is treated in the models. We show that if the existence of fundamental uncertainty is accepted, it becomes impossible for agents to optimise decision making by maximising expected utility and hence an alternative approach to modelling behaviour is required. In the absence of optimisation, the properties of the modelling system change substantially, with the level of output determined by demand-side factors rather than the most efficient use of the available factors of production, given a production function and factor prices. We then move to the critical discussion of how the financial sector is treated, which is increasingly noted as an important difference in approach. We note that, within each modelling approach, there is consistency between treatment of the real economy and financial sectors, with the CGE approach allocating a fixed supply of money optimally, and the macro-econometric model assessing the demand for money. Throughout the discussion, the modelsâ€TM theoretical and structural assumptions will be compared against the relevant strands of macroeconomic theory. We conclude with a summary of key characteristics and assumptions that is designed to help policy makers and the other users of model results to interpret the findings from models.


Objective:Our aim was to investigate the diagnosis and methods of surgical therapy for post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms (PsAn). Methods:Thirty-four patients with traumatic PsAn from January 1989 to February 2001, including 36 cases of PsAn and 7 of arteriovenous fistulas ( AVF). According to the arteriography and intraoperative findings, the PsAn were divided into 4 types. Ligature of proximal vessels was performed in 11 cases, lateral suture in 13 cases, sa-phenous vein graft interposition alone in 5 cases, transartery fistula suture in 2 cases, transaneurysm vein and artery suture in 1 case. Results: All of the 28 patients with successful follow-up kept viable limbs. Conclusion:The operative effect will be better if the different surgical therapies are used for different PsAn types.


The transmission spectra of the set of the resonant meshes with the cross holes having the same period constant G = 400 mkm and ratios L/G = 0.6 - 0.95 and C/G = 0.5 - 0.95 are investigated. It is shown that the wavelength of the transmission maximum is near 2L for any sample and transmission bandwidth decreases with the decreasing of the ratio L/G. High quality bandpass filters with the transmission = 100 % and bandwidth A v/v from 0.5 up to 0.1 can be built from such meshes.


A wrapper 300 includes a message processing function 310 which receives a processing request for requesting a process for an existing Web system 500, an execution definition storing unit 410 which stores execution definition 400 corresponding to the processing request and defines user operation for the existing Web system 500, a definition executing engine 320 which reads the execution definition 400 corresponding to a processing request from the execution definition storing unit 410, based on definition of user operation shown by the execution definition 400, generates and outputs an operating request to instruct to operate a browser engine for the existing Web system 500, and a browser engine operating function 330 which inputs the operating request from the definition executing engine 320, generates the browser engine 340, and operates the generated browser engine according to the operating request inputted.


'May you live in interesting times' is supposed to be an old Chinese curse (according to folk lore and Wikipedia) reflecting the sentiment that change is the antithesis of security. I wonder, in our modern world, if we can (or even should) aspire to a time of stability with no change. Perhaps change is necessary to prevent stagnation and an uncritical acceptance that what we have in the now is as good as it ever could be. Certainly early childhood in our part of the world is subject to significant change. We are moving from the shadows and into a world of accountability and high expectations where our takenfor-granted assumptions about what is good and right are challenged every day. Perhaps as early childhood professionals we need to become more able to manage change, to accept that what we do today might not be considered good enough for tomorrow, and to constantly question ourselves about what we do, why we do it, how we ought to do it as best we can today and what that might mean for tomorrow. Keeping up-to-date with what our colleagues around us are thinking and doing is a crucial part of that process. AJEC provides you with the opportunity to hear others, think about what their work means for us, and maybe try out new things. You have a feast in front of you in this issue.


B, have a quite large relative mass difference from each other and show obvious isotope fractionation in nature (up to 50‰),which can be used to study various kinds of geological problems.


This case report discusses an atypical presentation of anaplasmosis characterized by severe, potentially life-threatening thrombocytopenia. From the case and the ensuing discussion, medical professionals should appreciate the growing incidence of anaplasmosis across the country, as well as its potential to provoke profound hematologic disturbances in humans.


In this paper the effect of the main composition of complex agent on phosphorus of electroless NI-P alloy is researched.The effects of 5 kinds of single complex agents and compound complex agent on the phosphorus are reserched.Some law are found.


We report on broadband microwave-frequency measurements of epitaxial ferroelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films that reveal systematic increases in the loss and dispersion as the frequency increases toward 40 GHz. Our analysis provides evidence that the origin of this increased loss and dispersion is the direct coupling of microwave energy into a broad distribution of damped soft-phonon modes. We believe that nanometer-sized polar regions in the thin films play a role in this process, resulting in lattice-dynamical loss mechanisms that extend several decades in frequency below the frequency of the soft mode in these thin-film materials.


This is the report of the review of careers advisory services in Australian higher education. The aim of the review was to make recommendations for improving the careers information available to students and for building better links between graduates and potential employers. The report highlights the role that careers education can play in helping individual students to make informed subject and career choices, and in this way, improve the output and effectiveness of higher education institutions. The report also emphasises the role that effective careers education practices can play in improving the operation of the labour market and the economy. The recommendations focus on practical measures that can be taken to improve the services available and their effectiveness. The review suggests that, in order to be effective, careers advisory services require: a clearly defined role, including specification of the core services to be provided to all students on an equitable basis; a secure and adequate resource base; and clear accountability guidelines. The recommendations address: the place of careers advisory services within institutions and their relationship to institutional management and decision making processes; ways of improving provision of careers advisory services, including funding and resources; links between careers advisory services and employers; the development of relationships between careers advisory services in higher education and careers education activities in schools and TAFE; the requirements of students with special needs; the relationship between careers advisory services and teaching staff; and the role of professional organisations working in the field. The sections of the report are: Aims and objectives of the review; The development of careers advisory services; Characteristics of careers advisory services; Conclusions and recommendations.


Author's Preface PART I 1. Buddhist Psychology and The Revolution in Cognitive Sciences 2. Basic Features of Buddhist Psychology: An Overview 3. The Psychology of Perception and Cognition 4. Psychology of Motivation 5. Emotions: Western Theoretical Orientations and Buddhism 6. Personality: Philosophical and Psychological Issues 7. Mental Health and Sickness 8. Mental-Wellbeing 9. Body-Mind Problem: Buddhist Contextualism 10. Towards A Holistic Psychology, Blending Thinking & Feeling 11. Buddhism as Contemplative Philosophy, Psychology and Ethics PART II 12. Nature of Counselling 13. Mindfulness-Based Therapeutic Orientations 14. Exploring the Content and Methodology of Buddhist Meditation 15. Stress Management 16. Sadness 17. Grief 18. Anger Management 19. Addictions 20. Pride and Conceit: Emotions of Self-Assessment 21. Greed, Generosity and Altruism Chapter References & Footnotes Glossary of Buddhist Concepts in Pali Questions for the Class Room Index


The invention relates to a glaze material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of inorganic gel, 1-3 parts of modifier, 10-20 parts of fine aggregate, 30-50 parts of coarse aggregate, 3-5 parts of reinforced fiber, 0.2-0.4 part of water reducer, 0.01-0.06 part of retarder, 0.01-6 parts of moisture repellent, 0.1-0.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 0.5-2 parts of flexibilizer, 0.5-3 parts of densification agent and 2-6 parts of mineral pigment. The invention also provides a preparation method of a glaze material plate. Most of the components of the glaze material are common inorganic materials, thus being low in cost, having no toxicity and radiation, having no contamination, and being environment-friendly. When in preparation of the glaze material plate by using the glaze material, the step of high temperature roasting is eliminated, the molded glaze material plate can be cured at normal temperature, and carbon emission can be greatly reduced, so that the preparation method is environment-friendly and energy-saving.


We are honored to be the guest editors for this special issue centered on work in the tradition of Anselm Strauss. Because afestsclwift for Anselm with papers by most of his close colleagues and students was already published (Maines 1991). we have devoted this special issue to work by the "next generation" of interactionists working with Straussian approaches. The one exception is the paper by Isabelle Baszanger, who edited a volume of Anselm's collected papers in French (Baszanger 1992a). Because she provides such an insightful and provocative overview of Anselm's scholarly work, Baszanger's introductory paper for that volume appears here in English.' This allows us as editors to dwell instead on Anselm's contributions to life itself as teacher, advisor, and friend. Both of us were Anselm's students during the early 1980s. And, for both of us. finding Anselm and his work was an intellectual homecoming, a long-awaited coming in from the academic cold. We know many others have shared this intense and life-shaping experience, many without ever having met the truly exceptional man who was Anselm Strauss. Some of their papers are included here. We know, too, that for those who did meet him, a fundamental part of this was meeting Fran Strauss--often the smiling person opening the door to a new world. Their lives together were team efforts always, and the wholes were always considerably greater than the sum of the parts. Before we introduce the papers in this special issue, we want to briefly comment on the breadth of Anselm's connections and the wide international network he and Fran created and maintained down to the last moments of his life, which Fran nurtures still. Ans'elm was an exceptionally generative teacher and colleague. His was an intellectual generosity, always available-his own poor health permitting. He relished helping people who were stuck in their work-especially with their (often belated) analysis of (too much) data, often collected without following the first precept of grounded theory: start analyzing immediately!


of value even if the relevant value doesn't allow for a buck-passing analysis. Unless Skorupski's epistemology can be so extended, his Critical picture of the 'relation between self, thought and world' must disappointingly leave out of account knowledge of, and appropriate responsiveness to, some important kinds of value. Still, knowledge of non-normative facts might remain in place if Skorupski's buck-passing analyses of epistemic notions stand. Nor is it clear that Skorupski's view of self-determination would be fundamentally affected (for some relevant discussion, see section 12.4). I haven't been able to say anything about Skorupski's illuminating analysis of moral wrongness in terms of reasons for the sentiment of blame; about his analysis of rights in terms of moral permissibility, or justice in terms of rights (ch. 12); or about his analyses of impartial principles of 'good' and 'demand' in terms of agents' reasons for action (chs. 13–14). The same goes for many other topics. The sheer breadth and depth of The Domain of Reasons is dizzying. But the tome amply rewards careful study, and I know I will be returning to it in the months and years to come.


This work presents a detailed numerical Finite Element Method FEM modeling for passive optical components such as photonic crystals (PhCs). The accurate modeling characterizes the PhCs structures by considering the field resonance and the radiation behavior of the periodic pattern. The frequency responses at each side of the photonic crystal are evaluated by considering the 3D periodic structure enclosed in a black box with six input/output ports. This scattering matrix approach (SMA) is useful in order to evaluate in plane and vertical PhCs the resonance of the photonic crystal. Through the analysis of all the frequency responses we characterize the passband regions and the stopband regions of the PhC slab.


This study examined the adaptation strategies of tree crop farmers to climate variation in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample 160 respondents for the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Result of analysis showed that majority of the tree crops farmers were in their active ages of between 15 and 55 years old (78.1%), males (73.8%), had tertiary education (41.2%), had between 11 and 20 years of experience in tree crop farming (35.0%) and had less than 15 acres of tree crops farmland (80.8%). Constraints being faced were low yield, stunted growth, high sunlight intensity, pest and diseases, prolong dry season among others. Most respondents were aware of climate variation and adaptation strategies employed includes mulching, increased irrigation, and crop diversification. Significant relationship existed between awareness (r = 0.013; p = 0.003) and adaptation of respondents to climate variation in the study area. It is recommended that farmers' adaptation to climate variation should be improved upon by research and extension, while the government should provide incentives to encourage continuous tree crop planting.


Can public income insurance through progressive income taxation improve the allocation of risk in an economy where private risk sharing is incomplete? The answer depends crucially on the fundamental friction that limits private risk sharing in the first place. If risk sharing is limited because insurance markets are missing for model-exogenous reasons (as in Bewley, 1986) publicly provided risk sharing improves on the allocation of risk. If instead private insurance markets exist but their use is limited by limited enforcement (as in Kehoe and Levine, 1993) then the provision of public insurance interacts affects equilibrium private insurance, as providing risk sharing the government affects the value of being excluded from private insurance markets and the enforcement mechanism of these contracts. We theoretically characterize consumption allocations in an economy with limited enforcement and a continuum of agents facing realistic income risk and tax systems with various degrees of progressivity (public risk sharing). We show that publicly provided insurance can reduce private insurance more than one-to-one (excess crowding-out), less than one-to-one (partial crowding-out) or actually increase private insurance (crowding-in). Numerical analysis show that for a wide range of plausible parameter values excess or partial crowding out are the prevalent pattern. eight anonymous referees and seminar participants at numerous institutions for helpful comments and suggestions, as well as the NSF (under grant SES 0820494) for financial support. All remaining errors are our own. A previous version of this paper has circulated under the title " Risk Sharing: Private Insurance Markets or Redistributive Taxation?


Abstract The article is focused on current legal regulation concerning review of an appeal within the Czech civil procedure law. Changes, adopted by Czech legislator in 2012, brought to this extraordinary remedy new concept and approach. The article compares this approach to a certiorari principle common the US legislation and brings conclusions denying the new Czech and the US legal regulation shall correspond perfectly to each other, even though some experts expressed an opposite opinion.


The catalytic performace of doped phosphorus β-zeolite/silver catalyst on synthesis of acetone aldehyde by selective oxidiation of 1,2-propanediol in fixed bed reaction vessel is investigated.The experimental result shows,under the suitable conditions ,the conversion of 1,2-propanediol on the catalyst reaches 98% and the selectivity on acetone aldehyde is 65%.The improvement causes of catalytic selectivity with phosphorus is explained.


Cashmere, which has high economic value, is made from the secondary hair follicles of cashmere goat skin. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are considered the center of regulation of hair growth, which is closely related to hair follicle growth. We constructed LEF-1 overexpression and interference experiment groups of goat DPCs to investigate LEF-1 regulation of DPCs proliferation by Wnt signaling, and provide a theoretical basis for improving cashmere yield. In primary DPCs, LEF-1, β-catenin, C-myc, and cyclin D1 expression in the LEF-1 overexpression group was 9.25-, 1.27-, 1.74-, and 1.63-fold, respectively, that of the control. LEF-1, β-catenin, C-myc, and cyclin D1 expression in the LEF-1 interference group was 0.20-, 0.75-, 0.38-, and 0.39-fold, respectively, that of the control. In secondary DPCs, LEF-1, β-catenin, C-myc, and cyclin D1 expression in the LEF-1 overexpression group was 10.53-, 1.48-, 1.64-, and 1.39-fold, respectively, that of the control. LEF-1, β-catenin, C-myc, and cyclin D1 Page 1 of 26 https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cjas-pubs Canadian Journal of Animal Science


Microwave split-ring resonators are utilized as sensors in a wide variety of applications due to their remarkable features, such as extremely low cost, high sensitivity, and relatively high quality factor. In this article, another application is enabled according to a recently demonstrated chipless tag-reader structure providing the possibility of simplifying the sensor structure from a "multilayer structure" consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between two metallic layers to a single-layer structure formed from a conductive material. This capability is specifically important for strain sensing applications as it brings the possibility of utilizing low stiff conductive materials instead of copper (which is the primary material used in microwave application) while keeping the reader structure with high-quality microwave application-specified substrates intact. With the explained approach in this work, a low tensile silver–aluminum silicone elastomer conductive material is considered for the tag providing a very high tensile dynamic range. According to the whole sensing system structure, as high elongation range of as 20% and the high sensitivity in the range of 25 MHz/1% of strain is achieved. Multiple simulations and experimental results support the idea of the novel microwave strain sensor proposed in this work.


Videocapillaroscopy (VCS) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) are non-invasive methods for evaluating microcirculation parameters. The VCS method is based on a high-speed video recording of capillaries in the nailfold. The recorded video frames are processed using a specialized algorithm to determine the red blood cells velocity. The LDF technique is based on the analysis of the Doppler shift of back-scattered laser radiation from moving red blood cells. In this work, simultaneous measurements of VCS and LDF have been performed in healthy volunteers and rheumatic patient. The study was conducted using a cold pressor test. Changes were recorded in response to cold exposure in rheumatic diseases.


We examined factors associated with lifetime treatment of alcohol dependence in a nationwide sample of Korean adults. Of the 6510 respondents, aged 18–64, who participated in the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, we analyzed 458 who had a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence. Lay interviewers administered a diagnostic assessment, based on the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, to each of the respondents. Of the 458 respondents with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence, 55 (12.0%) had been treated for psychiatric problems. Treated alcohol-dependent respondents were less likely to have a stable, dyadic relationship or a full-time job. In addition, they were more likely to have experienced alcohol withdrawal symptoms, given up important activities because of alcohol use, and continued alcohol use despite knowing they had an alcohol-associated physical or psychological problem and were less likely to have spent a great deal of time obtaining or drinking alcohol or recovering from its effects. Treated individuals were also more likely to have comorbid mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder, or comorbid anxiety disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, or obsessive–compulsive disorder. Alcohol-dependent persons significantly underuse mental health services. Patterns of alcohol use and comorbid psychiatric disorders, as well as socio-demographic factors, affected treatment-seeking by alcohol-dependent individuals in Korea.


From July 17th to 20th, 1957, I was privileged to attend a course on .. The Principles of Administration" organised by one 0/ our allied associations-s-the Chartered Society 0/ Physiotherapy-at Selwyn College, Cambridge. Although the course was primarily intended lor superintendent physiotherapists (26 members 0/ the total of 54 attending the course were superintendent physiotherapists) a great deal of the subject matter was applicable to the running and organisation 0/ occupational therapy departments, and indeed to any unit of professional people. I therefore felt that a review of the course should be written; inevitably, however, the subject matter chosen by the lecturing team overlapped, and on reflection I have written an account collecting together the vital information. At the same time I am deeply conscious of the debt J owe to the various speakers, whom I would like to thank by name: Mr. H. A. Goddard for his inspiring opening address, Mrs. N. Barnett, Mr. H. A. Walker, Mr. S. G. Hill, Mrs. E. W. Parsons. Mr. D. C. Norris and Mr. A. C. Stuart-Clark. who gave the final lecture. I should also like to express my appreciation to the York .. A .. and Tadcaster Hospital Management Committee for granting me leave to attend the course.


The Farnsworth–Munsell 28-hue desaturated test (FM-28 desat) is a seldom-used derivative of the FM-100 panel arrangement test. In this study, we tested its sensitivity in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into 3 groups, according to whether they had no retinopathy, background retinopathy, or had undergone laser photocoagulation. Their results are compared to those of a control group with normal colour vision. The results show, in general, an increase in error score with duration of diabetes and with increasing severity of the disease. The errors are mostly not polarized towards any specific axis of the colour space. The FM-28 (desat) appears to be a sensitive indicator of the colour deficits associated with diabetes and is a viable alternative for clinical testing of colour vision. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S292–S296, 2001


Gawai Antu is a festival celebrated by the Iban in Sarawak to commemorate the dead soul who has passed away since the last Gawai Antu feast. However, contrary to the main harvest festival, Gawai Dayak, this celebration is less likely to be celebrated among the Ibans due to various reasons. This research aims to investigate the disappearance of Gawai Antu and determine its sustainability. This research could significantly contribute to the Iban community and to the state government of Sarawak where it could help in building greater understanding on the factors affecting the disappearance of Gawai Antu and suggestions on how to revive and sustain the festival. The study is focused on youths in Sarawak with the sample of the study was 88 youths in Kuching. This research is based on data obtained from a survey questionnaire and was analysed by using descriptive analysis. The data were gathered using Stratified Random Sampling and Convenience Sampling Technique. The research suggested that the extinction of Gawai Antu celebration is linked to modernization, religious barrier with cost and time constraints. The results also suggested that the three dimensions of sustainability of Gawai Antu are important to curb the disappearance of this festival namely, collaboration via partnerships, preservation and protection of the festival, and keeping the quality and authenticity of the festival. As this celebration is one of its kind, it would be recommended that production of more credible sources, creating practical exhibitions, and cooperation between relevant agencies would help in keeping the festival alive.


Vicia faba L.-rhizobia symbiosis is utilized in different biological ways to improve the productivity of faba beans. This research aims to analyze the effects of the Rhizobium strain on nodulation, N2 fixation, growth, and ion accumulation under salt stress in Viciafaba. The commercial cultivar of faba beans (Viciafaba L. var. minor) was inoculated with the Rhizobium leguminosarumbiovar, by considering viciae strains S10 and S16, after 15 days of growth. This inoculation was carried out in the solution culture consisting of two salt concentrations; 0 mmole l-1NaCl and 50 mmole l-1NaCl. The results revealed that under saline and non-saline conditions, S10 and S16 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum resulted in the formation of ineffective and effective symbiosis with faba beans. However, the presence of salt stress resulted in increasing the biomass of nodule and nitrogen content. The concentrations of sodium and chloride, in shoot and root, were increased in the presence of salinity. However, potassium concentration was only increased in the shoot. With and without salinity, phosphorus concentration in the shoots was not modified. The results revealed that the salt tolerance of faba beans, inoculated with two strains of Rhizobium were found to possess association with their stable growth. Moreover, the salt tolerance of faba beans inoculated with two salts tolerant rhizobia was also associated with an increment in the capacity of faba beans to increase nodulation and the concentration of shoot N2, Na and Cl-content. In addition, salt tolerance of this variety, inoculated with Rhizobium strains was associated with a decrement in the concentration of K+ in shoot under the salt constraints.


Nasal obstruction secondary to anterior nasal collapse is a most frustrating and confusing problem with no clear guidelines for diagnosis. A clinical classification of the collapse of the anterior nasal cavity is suggested. Surgical management is only briefly discussed. The aim of this paper is to simplify the clinical diagnosis and classification of this complex entity.


This EDIS publication, focusing on the foundations of marketing communications, is the first of a five-part EDIS publications series on developing marketing campaigns for your local Cooperative Extension program. The Extension Marketing series includes publications on campaign planning and audience analysis development, integrated marketing, creative, social media and news media strategies, and budgets and evaluation. This 2-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by Ricky Telg, Tracy Irani, and James Varvorines, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, December 2017.
AEC396/WC077: Extension Marketing: Building a Successful Local Extension Marketing Campaign (ufl.edu)


This review article presents a theoretical-methodological proposal linked to dialectical materialism for the analysis of sports policies. After a systematic review on the production of knowledge in the subject of public policy in Physical Education, the authors present the theoretical assumptions that underlie their proposal. Subsequently, they describe the aspects and indicators of the analysis model applied to the context of sports policy. Finally, it is important to highlight the impossibility of universal and homogeneous use of the model, pointing to the need to compare it with the historical and social context of the concrete reality observed, besides the multiple determinations of the investigated object


Continually in view of the fact that digital technology entered in the Operating
Theatre (OT), surgery has moved out through one of the big revolutions in medical field. Robotic-Assisted
Surgery (RAS) is a way of technological development in the medical environment, designed to thrash the
limitations of Minimal Invasive Surgery (MIS). Surgical robots carry out operation with the motion control
of manipulator joints on the patient. Precise and fine control of these robots is very imperative.

 The paper depicts the control methodology for surgical robots based on the combination of Sliding
Mode Control (SMC) with Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The destructive chattering phenomenon in
SMC is circumvented by espousing FLC in SMC. System stability is investigated using Lyapunov theorem.
All numerical simulations have been carried out using MATLAB tool for 2 DOF robot manipulator
formulated for trajectory tracking process which shows the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

 The simulation results of FSMC are compared with the conventional SMC which represents
the improvement of control law for the attainment of optimized results.

 The proposed methodology in the paper is very much suitable in controlling surgical robot
during typical surgical operations. The effectiveness of proposed control methodology is shown using
simulation studies in the paper.


The present study was undertaken to analyze the effect of incorporation of different combinations of corn flour (Zea mays) and peanut flour (Arachis hypogea) on quality characteristics of low sodium fish (Pangasius pangasius) balls. Replacement of 50% sodium chloride by 40% KCl, 30% citric acid and 30% sucrose was optimum for preparation of low sodium fish balls. Three different levels of corn flour with peanut flour viz. 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were incorporated for preparation of low sodium fish balls and were compared with fish balls prepared by incorporating 10% refined wheat flour (control). On the basis of physico-chemical and sensory evaluation, emulsion stability, cooking yield and overall acceptability were significantly (pl0.05) found to be higher with incorporation @75% corn flour and 25% peanut flour for preparation of low sodium fish balls. The FFA, TBA and all microbiological profile were found to be significantly (pl0.05) increasing with increase in days of storage. The pH, cooking yield, FFA, TBA, total plate count, pychrotropic count, yeast and mould count, overall acceptability were found to be 5.74 ±0.14, 87.06 ± 0.43, 0.36 ± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.19, 4.43 ± 0.12,3.74 ± 0.2 ,2.60 ± 0.2 ,7.09±0.09 respectively on 21st day of refrigeration storage. The prepared designer low sodium fish balls were found to be fit for human consumption till 21st day of refrigeration storage (4±1°C).


The use of a three dimensional sound intensity probe in an aeroportual environment allows the evaluation of the "acoustic trajectory" of aircrafts. The acoustic trajectory is given by the group of points that the 3D sound intensity vector assumes during a certain event. In free-field conditions this parameter instantly identifies the position from where the sound energy comes. Experiments performed close to the Milano Malpensa airport have shown that the acoustic trajectory is nearly independent from the aircraft type and from the take-off position; consequently it can be an effective parameter for the optimization of the noise control actions or for the automatic classification of the noisy events. INTRODUCTION Current standards for the determination of the acoustic impact of airports are entirely based on sound pressure measurements. Because of the isotropic (and scalar) nature of this quantity, standards have two main intrinsic limitations: ⎯ any indication derived from sound pressure cannot be used in order to separate the contribution of different noise sources with similar spectra; ⎯ in presence of reflections the use of sound pressure may overestimate the contribution of the noise source. Consequently, if at the measurement position the influence of other noise sources is noteworthy (or if the influence of reflections is not negligible), the pressure measurement may overestimate the contribution of the airport on the surroundings. More accurate analyses can be performed leveraging on the directional information provided by the sound intensity vector [1]. Sound intensity indicates the amount and the direction of the acoustic energy flow, and consequently can be used to determine the directivity patterns of the acoustic field at a specific position. If the approximation of the monopole source can be used, in absence of obstacles or reflections the sound intensity vector provides indications for the identification of the noise source position. This paper describes the results of a measurement campaign performed in the surroundings of the Milano Malpensa airport; aim of the experiments was the investigation of the effectiveness of sound intensity in order to characterize the acoustic field close to an airport. The main idea of the proposed method is to separate the contribution of the different sound sources depending on the direction of the acoustic power flow at the – properly chosen – measurement point. In the following we will describe how a quantity, derived from the 3D sound intensity, can be used to identify the contribution of different noise sources in the aeroportual environment. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP As already mentioned, experiments have been carried out close to the Milan Malpensa airport. The measurement site is located in a strategic position, being exposed to the noise of the terminal, of the airplanes taking off from the runways and to other environmental sources. For a correct monitoring of sound intensity, the choice of the measurement point is crucial: this aspect has been addressed in [2] and consequently will be only summarized in this paper. When a generic sound source uniformly spreads energy towards a surrounding space free from obstacles, the sound propagates along radial paths; consequently sound intensity vector at a specific position identifies the source position. Spherical emission can be rarely found in practice, mainly because the propagation on spherical surfaces is usually prevented by the existence of the ground and consequently the hemispherical model is generally a more realistic


This is a guide to library and information resources for students of ARTH 5208. Sources for journal and newspaper articles, conference papers, abstracts


Existing transcoding technology has the problems of low transcoding quality, high computational complexity, large storage capacity and high cost. A improved method of transcoding which uses Scalable Video Coding (SVC) to solve the problems of existing transcoding technology is put forward. The SVC transcoding and the traditional transcoding are compared in a simulation. The result shows that the SVC transcoding outperforms the traditional transcoding with lower complexity and better RD performance at low bitrates.


The small wind tunnel is an important equipment used to make scientific or teaching experiments in the fields of the fluid mechanics, the heating power thermodynamics, the measurement skill. The design process that a traditional small wind tunnel device is reequipped into a modern real time testing system is discribed. That will obviously raise the ratio of function to price and be of great reference value in constructing and improving the experimental equipment.


A 37-year-old man underwent implantation of a defibrillator in 1996 for 'idiopathic ventricular fibrillation' (nocturnal sudden death in the absence of …


Respect routing changes based on the handover detection at the UE and network equipment, methods, systems, and devices are described. In accordance with the principles of the present specification, the communication between the user equipment (UE) and network equipment, there may be be established by the first radio access technology (RAT) and on a second RAT, the first RAT When coupled with the second RAT may be identified in the communication between the UE and network equipment. There may be that at least one associated is a handover event of the RAT is identified, the network traffic routing, at least in part on the first RAT and binding and identified handover event between the second RAT it may be adapted based.


Statics and dynamics are topics which feature in colleges and undergraduate physics curriculum. In this real time experimental work, we have explored with students in a laboratory how the force influences subject's periodic motion and investigate the relationship that exists between the position-velocity-acceleration and the force. Force platform and movement sensor were used with data logger interfaced to computer to record and display data and graphs in real time.


AbstractThis study explores the engineering properties of a new self-compacting concrete (SCC), named as SFC-SCC, produced with a no-cement SFC binder and the bonding behaviors of embedded steel ba...


Enforcement of the EU competition rules, especially in relation to cartels and cartelists, involves a complex jurisdictional patchwork, characterise by inconsistency but also a strong public rhetoric which masks policy and practical differences, Application of the rules to different legal categories of actor, geographical and jurisdictional diversity, and the uneven use of enforcement measures and sanctions give rise to a number of rule of law issues in the form of inconsistent treatment, uncertainty and lack of proportionality. The discussion here maps out and illustrates these problems and suggests that these should be addressed through a more critical consideration of the claims made for deterrence as an enforcement imperative in this context.


Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of improving nurses` awareness and self – efficacy to control extremities muscles contracture in critically head injured patients. Subjects and Method : A quasi-experimental design was utilized for the conduction of this study in the Surgical Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University in the following Critical Care Units (Neuro- Surgery , ICU and Emergency ). Sample: A purposive sample was composed of 50 nurses with different ages, education and experiences. In addition, 40 critically head injured patients from the above mentioned settings. Tools of data collection : 1) Self administered questionnaire (pre / post tests ) to assess the studied nurses` knowledge as regards controlling extremities muscles contracture . 2) An observation checklist (pre / post tests) to evaluate studied nurses ' practices in relation to care of patient's withcritically head injury to control extremitiesmuscle contracture. 3) General self-efficacy scale (pre / post tests) to assess studied nurses` self – efficacy level. 4) Patients` condition assessment sheet (pre / posttests): a) Glasgow Coma Scale to assess level of consciousness . b) Muscle contracture assessment sheet. Results: Mean ages of studied nurses were (16.7± 9.6). More than half of them had diploma nursing with less than five years of experience. In addition, there were unsatisfactory level of nurses ` knowledge, practices and self – efficacy in pre test . As regards the studied patients , significant improvement was indicated in post and follow- up tests for muscle contracture . Conclusion : In light of the present study, improving nurses` awareness ( knowledge and practices ) and self – efficacy through educational guidelines was helpful on controlling extremities muscles contracture in critically head injured patients , whereas significant improvement was indicated in post tests compared to pre. Moreover, patients` health condition assessment (incidence of extremities muscles contracture) was reduced in post - tests. Recommendations: Further studies should be carried out on a large number of critical care nurses with evidence of results and generalization.


Abstract The influence of boron on flavonoid metabolism in leaves of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Marglobe) was investigated. A significantly higher rate of total flavonoid was observed from a B‐deficiency in the nutrient medium. This effect was noted during the last periods of culture cycle. On the other hand, B deficient leaves showed a total absence of flavonols usually present in this tissue. The qualitative differences among various levels were a higher flavone: flavanone ratio, whereas B excess treatment shows the opposite effect. These results suggest a role for B in higher plants as a regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis.


An ultrafine grained dual phase (UFG DP) steel containing niobium was produced by a new route utilizing simple cold-rolling and subsequent intercritical annealing of ferrite/martensite duplex starting structures. The effects of intercritical holding time on the microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that increasing intercritical holding time enhnaced the volume fraction of martensite and decreased the grain size of ferrite. Tensile testing also revealed good strength-elongation balance for UFG DP steels (UTS×UE > 100 Jcm -3 ), in comparison with the commercially used high strength steels. The variations of strength, elongation and fracture behavior with intercritical holding time were correlated with the microstructural features.


We have developed a highly balanced five-channel planar high-T/sub c/ second-order SQUID gradiometer. The gradiometer incorporates two long-baseline, first-order single-layer SQUID gradiometers and three orthogonal flux-gate magnetometers used as reference sensors. The outputs of the five channels are combined synthetically on a computer to form a fully balanced second-order gradiometer. We have investigated the use of both time-domain and frequency-domain balancing. We report on the performance of the system when used to measure weak magnetic signals in an unshielded environment.


This paper describes some model tests with sand and presents some test results for determining the effect of surface slope on the magnitude and point of application of active earth pressure on a vertical rigid wall. The earth pressure with a horizontal surface was used as the reference quantity. The tests confirmed the fact that earth pressure on rigid walls depends very much on the conditions of placement of soil and may vary within wide limits. They showed that certain vibrations can change the magnitude of the earth pressure. With uncompacted placement, the earth pressure increases; if the earth is compacted, the pressure decreases. With a vertical wall and horizontal surface, a simple approximation is given for the coefficient of active earth pressure. The results of some tests for sloping surfaces are also presented. The author proposes further investigation of the effect of the dynamic parameters of vibrations on the magnitude of the earth pressure. This paper was originally published in German in: geotechnik, vol 11, no 1, 1986, P20-6.


By random sampling,10 kinds of minerals Ca,P,K,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,Co,Se, in feed from 3 factories in Shaanxi were analysed The results showed that the contents of Ca,Mg,Mn,Co,Se,in 3 samples were higher than reference standard and Cu or Zn contents similar to the requirements In addition, P content was above reference standard in sample A,slightly lower in sample B The ratio between some elements such as between Ca and P,Cu and Zn,Zn and Ca,P and Zn,P and Cu etc were seriously inbalanced


In this paper, a rigorous procedure for the circuit-level analysis and design of entire systems, developed to provide power wirelessly, is presented. A unified theoretical approach is first introduced, based on a two-port-equivalent circuit representation, to describe the wireless power transfer link when the transmitter and the receiver are either in the near-field or in the far-field region reciprocally. This approach allows one to compute in a straightforward manner the system figure of merit, namely the power transfer efficiency. Specific guidelines for the two configurations are then intensively discussed together with the adopted software tools based on the combination of full-wave analysis and nonlinear harmonic balance techniques. Several practical examples based on this design procedure are presented, demonstrating predicted and experimental behavior of unconventional devices for both near-field and far-field power transfer usage.


With the assistance of the monitored data of 2007,the impact of the second tributary Yinma River water quality(worse than level Ⅴ water standard) on Songhua River was analyzed.A coupled hydrodynamics and water quality model of Songhua river net was developed.Based on this model,the impact of Yinma River on water quality of main stream of Songhua River was predicted.The results indicated that if the water quality of tributary met level Ⅲ water standard,the water quality of main stream of Songhua River was improved largely from June through August.Ammonia Nitrogen Index was improved more significantly than that of CODCr.The impact was small in low flow months.


Previous research has obtained mixed findings as to whether feelings of self–worth are positively or negatively related to right–wing ideological beliefs and prejudice. We propose to clarify the link between self–worth and ideology by distinguishing between narcissistic and non–narcissistic self–evaluations as well as between different dimensions of ideological attitudes. Four studies, conducted in three different socio–political contexts: the UK (Study 1, N = 422), the US (Studies 2 and 3, Ns = 471 and 289, respectively), and Poland (Study 4, N = 775), investigated the associations between narcissistic and non–narcissistic self–evaluations, social dominance orientation (SDO), right–wing authoritarianism (RWA), and ethnic prejudice. Confirming our hypotheses, the results consistently showed that after controlling for self–esteem, narcissistic self–evaluation was positively associated with SDO (accounting for RWA), yet negatively associated with RWA (accounting for SDO). These associations were similar after controlling for psychopathy and Machiavellianism (Study 3) as well as collective narcissism and Big Five personality characteristics (Study 4). Studies 2–4 additionally demonstrated that narcissistic self–evaluation was indirectly positively associated with prejudice through higher SDO (free of RWA) but indirectly negatively associated with prejudice through lower RWA (free of SDO). Implications for understanding the role of self–evaluation in right–wing ideological attitudes and prejudice are discussed. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology


The assumption of ownership as an absolute right is largely a creation of the nineteenth century, writes Jean-Claude Monod. Roman law separated abusus, the right to sell, give or destroy property, from usus, the right to make use of it, while medieval custom saw different groups holding complementary claims to the same resource. Today, there are signs of a gradual return to a less deregulated way of looking at our relationship with things.


This article examines the famous distributed algorithm: try-again-till-you're-satisfied in opinion formation game. It illustrates that a simple learning algorithm which consists to react only when unsatisfied through on/off observation can provide a satisfactory solution. Learning takes place during the interactions of the game, in which the agents have no direct knowledge of the payoff model. Each agent is allowed to observe their own satisfaction/dissatisfaction state and has only one-step memory. The existing results linking the outcomes to stationary satisfactory set do not apply to this situation because of continuous action space. We provide a direct proof of convergence of the scheme for arbitrary initial conditions and arbitrary number of agents. As the number of iterations grows, we show that there is an emergence of a consensus in terms of opinion distribution of satisfied agents. A similar result holds for the mean-field opinion formation game.


The mantle cavity in the molluscs is used mainly for respiration. The floor of the mantle cavity, the accessory respiratory organ is thought to play a role in respiration when the nerites are exposed to the atmosphere. The study seeks to examine the structure and function of this accessory respiratory organ in nerites through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy using histological methods. Specimens from Nerita undata, Nerita lineata and Nerita planospira were investigated. Various staining methods were applied to the sections. The organ consists of three tissues layer: a surface epithelium layer, connective tissues layer and a layer of muscle coat. Two types of tubules were observed in N. undata and N. lineata, namely Type 1 and Type 2 tubules. Dorsally, the epithelium appeared to be folded and comprised of numerous openings and slits. Ventrally, the surface is smooth except that is consists of random appearance of openings. The accessory respiratory organ holds some resemblance to the frog skin. Therefore, implication on the function of the organ is made based on the open model of the amphibian's gaseous exchange.


Baltic amber forms the largest known Konservat-Lagerstätte of fossil plant resin and the richest repository of fossil insects of any age on Earth. Despite a long history of palaeobiological research of Baltic amber (over 200 years) and really intensive taxonomic study in the last decade, many interesting and new bioinclusions await scientific attention. In the current paper, the brief report of an unique large flower chafer inclusion from the Early Tertiary Baltic amber is provided. The author decided not to formally create a new genus and not to subjectively assign the Eocene beetle to an extant genus. However, the specimen seems to be remarkable and surprising in different aspects. The reported Eocene beetle is: 1) one of the oldest members of the subfamily Cetoniinae and also the earliest fossil record of the tribe Trichiini; 2) the first known representative of the subfamily in Baltic amber; 3) the largest known beetle fossilized in amber; and 4) an unique example of mineralized fossil included in amber.


Background  Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) affects up to 10% of patients with Down syndrome (DS). A small proportion of newborns are asymptomatic and only manifest circulating blast cells, with or without leukocytosis, while others present with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, serous effusions, and liver fibrosis. Few cases in the literature also have skin manifestations, described as crusted, erythematous, vesiculopustular eruptions occurring mainly on the face, with spreading to the trunk and extremities.


This paper describes an optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transceiver module for access networks, which is hybrid integrated on a silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. The fabricated module exhibits an insertion loss of 0.9 dB for a 1.55 μm wavelength signal, an optical output of 0 dBm, a photo-responsivity of 0.41 A/W, and a minimum received power of -37 dBm at 50 Mbit/s for a 1.3 μm signal.


Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as efficacious procedure for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication applications, which divides the spectrum into various subbands, whose bandwidth is approximately 500MHz. Major arduousness in multiband-OFDM is ,it have very large peak to average power ratio value which causes the signal to enter into dynamic region that consequence in the loss of orthogonal properties and results in the interference of the carrier signals which crops the amplifier saturation and finally limits the capacity of the system. Many PAPR amortize algorithms have reported in the survey and pre-coding is PAPR reduction which is inserted after modulation in the OFDM system. The Existing work presents the reduction of that value by different clipping techniques namely Classical-Clipping (CC), Heavy side-Clipping (HC), Deep-Clipping (DC) and Smooth-Clipping (SC) and their comparison analysis is done. Every clipping method is best at its own level .The proficiency of these strategies are evaluated in locutions of average power disparity, complete system decadence and PAPR reduction. Finally results show the MB OFDM yields better performance to reduce PAPR in effective way.


Abstract Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) are energy efficient and environmentally friendly light sources with a long lifetime, applicable in both display backlights and general lighting. In this research, we investigated the influence of the red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ conversion phosphor on the color quality of the 7000K conformal packaging multi-chip white LEDs (MCW-LEDs). The effect of the red-emitting Ba2Si5N8Eu2+ convention phosphor is demonstrated based on Mie Theory by Mat Lab and Light Tools software. The research results indicated that the color quality of MCW-LEDs was crucially affected by the red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ conversion phosphor's size. This research demonstrated a significant recommendation for selecting and developing the phosphor materials for MCW-LEDs manufacturing.


s Two species of Begonia viz., B. burkilh and B. nepalensis recorded from Poba Reserve Forest ofDhemaji district and Sonapur of Cachar district in Assam turned out to be new reports for the state of Assam in India.


1. Regional Development Agencies: A generational story Nicola Bellini, Mike Danson and Henrik Halkier 2. Multi-actor and Multi-scalar Regional Development Policies in the Knowledge Economy Margareta Dahlstrom, Lise Smed Olsen and Henrik Halkier 3. Regional Development Agencies, Regional Policy, and Knowledge Dynamics: Surveying patterns and trends in Europe Henrik Halkier 4. The Regional Innovation Agencies in Europe: A comparative analysis Francesco Prota, Annamaria Fiore and Maria Jennifer Grisorio 5. The Potential Role of Regional Development Agencies in Achieving the Priorities of Europe 2020 in the Context of the Financial Crisis Leslie Budd 6. Regional Development Agencies and Changing Social Fields: Towards a sociology of regional systems of innovation Borut Roncevic 7. Governing Uneven Development: The politics of local and regional development in England Andy Pike, John Tomaney, Mike Coombes and Anja McCarthy 8. Analysing Regional Development through a Governance-Partnership Continuum: The case of Denmark Peter Wilgaard Larsen 9. Sub-regional Development Agencies: The Finnish experience Jukka Teras and Ari Alatossava 10. For All Regions, Regional Development Agencies: The history and next generation of RDAs in Canada Heather M. Hall 11. Network Regionalism, Development Agencies and Peripheralisation Through 'Loss of Voice': Moving towards post-regionalism? Tassilo Herrschel 12. Aims, Functions and Structures of European Investment Promotion Agencies: A comparative analysis Francesca S. Rota and Carlo Salone 13. Smart RDAs in Europe: Advanced practices Philip Cooke and Julie Porter 14. The Evolution of Local Development Agencies from Service Providers to Facilitators in Knowledge Networks in the Basque Country: The role of academic expertise in the change process Miren Estensoro and Miren Larrea 15. Regional Development Agencies in Austria: Institutional settings and evolutionary development Michael Steiner and Matthias Schelnast 16. The Uneasy Future of Italian RDAs: The good, the bad and the ugly Alberto Bramanti and Paolo Rosso 17. Swedish Regions: Networking, knowledge and regional change Monica Johansson and David Rylander 18. RDA Futures Nicola Bellini, Mike Danson and Henrik Halkier


Seismicity quiescences are best observed during sequences with multiple mainshocks and often emerge with some delay after an initial phase of aftershock triggering. The mechanisms controlling this delay are poorly understood, due to a lack of systematic and precise estimation of the duration of the triggering phase which is made complicated by the rapidly changing magnitude of completeness after the mainshock. Here, we analyze how such a delayed quiescence developed during the 2019 Ridgecrest (California) sequence, using a refined earthquake data set obtained by template matching and relative relocation. A method that allows estimating the aftershock occurrence rate after correcting for the change in detection (completeness magnitude) is applied. We find that an immediate seismicity shutdown was triggered by the second (M7.1) mainshock at the tips of the north‐east trending cross‐cut fault that hosted most of the slip of the first (M6.4) mainshock. This shutdown progressed toward the central part of this fault over the following days. The overall shutdown of the aftershock sequence of the M6.4 by the M7.1 rupture is consistent with static Coulomb stress modeling. This inverse migration is a unique observation, best explained by an enhanced spatial stress change variability in this central part where the cross‐cut fault intersects the main fault of the M7.1 shock, hence a strongly damaged zone there. This further confirms previous observations of an enhanced structural disorder in this central part of the cross fault, showing that structural disorder has a first‐order control on the seismicity dynamics at the scale of days.


Lower limb fractures with an associated vascular injury are a challenging management problem for the orthopedic and vascular surgeon. The effect of an associated vascular injury on fracture healing has not been enlightened much. Functional outcome following lower extremity vascular injury when assessed through limb salvage rates underestimates the of functional disability of the survived limb. Methods: We studied 36 patients with fracture/dislocation of the long bones of lower limb with vascular injury, where in the limb was salvaged, between June 2009 to June 2012. Information regarding the mangled extremity severity score, ISS, revised trauma score, presence of circulatory, motor, sensory deficits was assessed. 8 patients had femur fracture with injury to the femoral artery, 28 patients had tibia & with injury to either popliteal artery, anterior or posterior tibial artery. All patients underwent vascular repair & skeletal fixation in the form of external fixator initially flap when required. Results: From 2008-2011, 36 patients were studied. The mean age 35. A total of 6 patients had an amputation performed post vascular repair at a later date. Patients requiring amputation were significantly older than those without amputation. Fractures with an associated injury to the posterior tibial artery had a significantly higher nonunion rate and a greater number of weeks to union than fractures without this vascular injury. Poor outcomes (gangrene, amputation, or death) were associated with a Mangled Extremity Severity Score greater than or equal to 6. Conclusion: Good early vascular repair, adequate stabilization of the fractures & early rehabilitation gives good results.


Italys fastcore / powerviolence wreckers from LEFT IN RUINS are hitting the road next month! The band has booked a bunch of amazing shows, detailed ...


A long-term field and laboratory program designed to determine and understand the effects of air pollutants on the performance of electric contact materials has reached the one-year mark. An extensive variety of metals has been exposed at six field environments, for periods up to one year (August 1963 to August 1964). These environments were selected to provide a wide range of air pollutants in typical data processing or process control situations. The program undertakes to determine material degradation as a function of time and environment. The important air pollutants at the field sites are measured regularly, and materials are returned periodically to the laboratory for evaluation using techniques developed specifically for this program. The results of the program to date are presented, and preliminary correlations are drawn.


---Design of control structure for distillation columns is an important aspect in order to minimize the damage caused due to unexpected disturbances. In this study, the dynamic simulation of a distillation column has been carried out using Aspen Dynamics. For the purpose of the present study, a binary mixture of propaneisobutane is selected. The distillation column has been first designed at steady state using DSTWU model, a shortcut design model in Aspen Plus. The design is fine-tuned and the column is sized with RADFRAC model, a rigorous rating model using the design data obtained from the DSTWU model. The steady state simulation has been exported to Aspen Dynamics under pressure driven simulation mode for carrying out dynamic simulation. The steady-state design parameters of the column are used as initial conditions for the dynamic simulation. The Dynamic simulation of the distillation column has been carried with three different processes, which are classified based on the control structure used as: Process-1 controls the composition of top product using the temperature controller; Process-2 controls the composition of top product using a composition controller and Process-3 controls the composition using a cascade of temperature and composition controllers. The tuning of different controllers has been performed using the Relay AutoTuning test, and the control parameters have been calculated using Tyreus-Luyben and Ziegler-Nicholas tuning rules. The dynamic response of the three processes mentioned above has been studied subjecting them to various disturbances. The major conclusions drawn from this study are: The temperature controller alone (ProcessI) is not suitable to control both top and bottom product compositions, when the step disturbance in feed composition is given. Though the composition controller (Process-II) is able to maintain the desired compositions of the top and bottom products, the response of the system is very poor. The response has been observed to be fast and without any oscillations in case of Process-III when compared to both Process-I and Process-II. Keywords----Aspen, Control structure, Distillation Column, Tyreus-Luyben, Ziegler-Nicholas.


This reseach has title the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure to firm value with management ownership as the moderating variable. The reseach purpose to know the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure to firm value and to know management ownership would be get strong relations Corporate Sosial Responsibility disclosure with firm value. Hipotesis of this reseach though Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure can be influence to firm value and management ownership would be get strong relations between Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure with firm value. Sample of this reseach is the high profile company with natural resources of Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) listing in 2008. There are 34 company of 68 population fulfilling criterian by using purposive sampling methode. The methode analysis of this research used multiple regression analysis. The result of study show that nothing influence of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure to firm value. And management ownership wouldn't be get strong relations between Corporate Socioal Responsibility disclosure with firm value.


Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films are prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using nickelocene (NiCp2) and oxygen (O2) precursors. The effects of process parameters on the growth rate of NiO film are investigated, including deposition temperature, NiCp2 pulse time, and O2 plasma pulse time. In terms of deposition temperatures between 225 and 275 °C, a stable growth rate of ∼0.17 Å/cycle is obtained, meanwhile, the deposited films contain Ni(II)−O, Ni(III)−O, Ni(II)−OH, C−C bonds and metallic Ni atoms, and exhibit a smooth surface with root-mean-square roughness of ≤0.37 nm. As the deposition temperature increases from 150 to 350 °C, the deposited NiO film changes from an amorphous state to a NiO (200) orientation-dominated texture and further to NiO (111) and (200) orientations concomitant polycrystalline one; at the same time, the transmittance of the film shows a decline tendency, and the optical band gap decreases from 3.69 to 3.48 eV. Furthermore, it is found that the deposited NiO film behaves like a dielectric rather than a semiconductor, and for the NiO film deposited at 250 °C, a dielectric constant of 16.7 is demonstrated together with a film composition of 51.6% Ni, 40% O and 8.4% C.


Severe aortic stenosis (AS) causes chronic pressure overload of the left ventricle (LV), resulting in progressive cardiac change that can extend beyond the LV. A new AS staging classification has been recently proposed encompassing the extent of cardiac changes in AS. The AS staging classification has important prognostic implications for clinical outcomes after aortic valve replacement. This article introduces the AS staging system and demonstrates the association of the extent of cardiac change with outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.


Summary. The agreement between quantitative replicate measures is usually assessed by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Estimates of this coefficient can be influenced by outlying observations (the outlying mean or outlying variance of the measures). The purpose of this paper is to provide a procedure to detect these two types of outlier by means of approximate tests. These are derived from an analytical formula of the influence of a subject io on the maximum likelihood estimator of the ICC. Satterthwaite's approximation is used to derive approximate probability density functions, and Bonferroni's bound is then used to obtain two approximate tests allowing us to detect a potential outlier because of location slippage and a potential outlier because of dispersion slippage. Then, a Monte Carlo study is conducted to determine the type I error probabilities and the performance of the tests in the presence of a contaminant observation, as defined by Barnett and Lewis. The tests turn out to be rather conservative and their ability to detect a contaminant observation rapidly increases with the degree of contamination.


Large amount of the application based on the relativity of the alloy of the medium steel plays a crucial role of the components related to the vehicle followed by the industry of the machine building is a major concern in its implementation aspect in a well oriented fashion respectively. Here the roughness of the surface followed by the rate of the removal related to the materialized standard plays a crucial role in its relativity for the maintenance of the quality perspective and also the analysis of the system based implication of the turning of the high speed functionality and followed by the structural aspects of the dry conditions of the carbon steel respectively. Here there is a utilization of the couple of the parameters taken into the consideration where the parameters related to the machine as a major strategy and also the scenario of the investigation of the turning high speed phenomena plays a crucial role in its analysis of the dry conditions of the H13 plays a crucial role in its relativity respectively. Here in order to overcome the above problem a new technique is proposed where it includes the scenario of the implementation of the orthogonal TAGUCHI L9 array plays a crucial role in its responsiveness of the system based aspect plays a crucial role in its relative analysis variance plays a crucial role in its relativity respectively. Simulations have been conducted on the present method where there is a lot of analysis on the huge number of the datasets in a well oriented scenario and the conduction of the test bed on the different environmental strategy for the perfect improvement in the performance followed by the outcome of the entire system in a well oriented scenario respectively.


Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid‐90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development.


Mao Zedong proposes the ideology of balancing urban and rural development concerning overall planning and all-round consideration,urban-rural gap extermination and mutual aid between city and countryside based on the investigation and analysis on urban-rural development in early China.It is of greater reference significance for the settlement of urban-rural relationship and the construction of new socialist countryside to hackle and summarize Mao Zedong's theory on urban-rural consistency.


Parents and health staff perceive hen's egg allergy (HEA) as a common food allergy in early childhood, but the true incidence is unclear because population‐based studies with gold‐standard diagnostic criteria are lacking.


It is widely accepted that the intermetallic layer that forms at the interface between a solder and a copper substrate has an effect on the properties of the solder joint, particularly under high strain rates such as occur in drop impact. The nature and extent of the effect is related to the thickness and morphology of this interfacial layer and the phases present in the layer. It has been recognized also that thickness, morphology and mix of phases changes over time as a result of diffusion across the interface in both directions as the solder/substrates system moves toward thermodynamic equilibrium and these process are accelerated at the elevated temperature to which some electronic circuitry is exposed. While the basic composition of the solder obviously has a major effect on the thickness, morphology and growth of the interfacial intermetallic microalloying additions have also been found to have an effect. In this paper the authors report a study of the thickness morphology and growth of intermetallics formed on a copper substrate by eight alloys representative of the range of low-Ag and no-Ag formulations currently used or proposed as Pb-free solders for electronic assembly. In addition to the basic constituents of Sn, Cu and Ag these alloys included additions of Ni, Bi, Ce, Ge, and P. Cross-sections were examined by SEM and the thickness and growth at 130, 140 and 150°C of both the Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn phases was monitored. While Ni was found to have a strong effect on all aspects of the interfacial intermetallics any effects of Bi were more subtle.


Interference to radio receivers, such as those used in radio astronomy, can present problems. Adding conventional filters to a radio astronomy receiver's input generally results in an appreciable increase in noise temperature if the filters have any significant losses or if they are not cryogenically cooled. This report takes a cursory look at the possibility of using signal cancellation techniques as an alternate method for eliminating interference in these cases. The technique is particularly suited to interference from the proposed solar-power satellite which would transmit a coherent, cw, microwave, power signal from a geosynchronous satellite. The analysis concludes that a phase-locked loop and associate AGC circuit could be used to generate a replica of the interfering signal which would then be subtracted from the composite signal. The report also concludes that signal suppression of the order of -30 dB should be possible with current technology.

The report presents a brief analysis of a second-order, type-one, phase-locked loop. Computer simulation of the loop is shown and tracking errors are assessed for various hypothetical SPS phase perturbations. The report concludes that spectral purity of local oscillators and VCO's will be a major factor in determining the amount of signal cancellation possible with such a scheme.


ABSTRACT Reading literacy is a core part of learning is schools that cannot be separated. This ability is the most basic foundation for achieving success in learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the literacy skills in reading comprehension of legend stories for fifth grade students at SDN Cipondoh 8, Tangerang City. The focus of this study was to determine the extent of literacy skills in reading comprehension of ledend stories for fifth grade students at SDN Cipondoh 8 Tangerang City. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a teacher as the subject and 26 fifth grade students. The data collection techniques used were tests, interview, observation, and documentation. The research method used is descriptive method and data analysis uses data triangulation which consists of three activities namely, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Of the 26 subjects who were given a test to answer story questions, 2 people got grades in the very good category, then 10 people got grades in the good category, and 14 people got scores in the fair category. The results of the study showed that almost all students reading comprehension literacy skills were quite good, based on students comprehension abilities on indicators of understanding the meaning of words and the meaning of the stories they read.


Abstract Background Rapid household food insecurity (HFI) tracking has been identified as a priority in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. We report the validation of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (Escala Latinoamericana y Caribena de Seguridad Alimentaria -ELCSA) among pregnant women in Sri Lanka. Methods The adult eight-items of the English version of ELCSA was translated into Sinhala and Tamil. Cognitive testing (on ten pregnant women and five local experts) and psychometric validation of the self-administered HFI tool was conducted among pregnant women (n=269) attending the Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort (RaPCo) special clinics in Anuradhapura in February 2020. We assessed psychometric properties and fit using a one parameter logistic model (Rasch analysis) using STATA version 14 and WINSTEP software version 4.3.4. Concurrent validity was tested using psychological distress. Results The scale was internally consistent (Cronbachs alpha = 0.79), had a good model fit (Rasch infit statistic range: 0.85 to 1.07). Item 8 (did not eat for the whole day) was removed from the model fit analysis as it was not affirmed by anyone. Item severity scores ranged from -2.15 for not eating a diverse diet to 4.43 for not eating during the whole day. Concurrent validity between HFI and psychological distress was confirmed (r=0.15, p<0.05). Conclusions The self-applied version of ELCSA- pregnancy in Sri Lanka (ELCSA-P-SL) is a valid and feasible tool to track HFI among pregnant women in similar contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, where social distancing is a major concern and its aftermath.


The utility model provides a torsional damper structure, which comprises an inertia ring, a hub and a rubber ring, wherein the rubber ring is arranged between a contact surface of the inertia ring and the hub; one side of the hub is provided with a stepped hole; the inertia ring is arranged in the stepped hole; and a tooth profile of the damper is arranged on the outer surface of the hub. By adoption of the torsional damper structure, the requirement of design performance of the damper can be met, the torque of a damper assembly is improved, and an accident that the inertia ring is separated from the hub in a finished vehicle reliability test is avoided.


An advanced aircrew training system and electronic warfare officer training are discussed. Training system functions include training system management, administration, support, delivery, evaluation, quality assurance, analysis, design, and development. Designing the overall training system architecture to these basic functions and then allocating them to respective training system components ensures that these functions are operational when the total training system is fielded. The use of functional analysis, storyboarding, and process analysis aids in defining the functions and laying out the top level architecture for a given training system. This activity is carried out in the analysis and design phases of the instructional systems development process interfaced with the systems engineering process.<<ETX>>


The C-Ring test specimen is regularly used to investigate the quality of heat treatment processes. In this study, C-Rings made of AISI 8620 steel were carburized, oil quenched, and tempered. A commercial heat treat simulation software package, DANTE, was used to simulate the response of the C-Ring specimen to heat treatment. The model addressed furnace heating, carburization, transfer and immersion into the quench oil, and tempering. During quenching, the immersion direction was normal to the planar "C" shaped surfaces of the C-Ring, and the effect of immersion was found to be important to the final part shape. The thermal gradient between the top and bottom planes generated nonuniform distortion across the C-Ring opening in axial direction. The predicted results were validated by comparison against experimental measurements. The effect of different carburization schedules on the heat treatment response of the C-Ring in terms of dimensional change, phase and residual stress distributions are discussed in this study. Once validated, the simulation method provides a valuable tool that can be used in conjunction with selected experiments to cost effectively and accurately investigate the effects of alternative process routings on residual stress state and distortion.


The survival ability of insects can be limited with the changes in the levels of energy metabolites under stressful conditions but only a few studies have considered the plastic effects of heat and related climatic factors relevant to tropical habitats. The objectives of our study were to determine whether adults of Zaprionus indianus are capable of rapid heat hardening (RHH) and rapid desiccation hardening (RDH) and to compare its benefits with heat acclimation (HA) and desiccation acclimation (DA). Adult flies reared under season-specific simulated conditions were subjected to 38˚C for RHH and 32˚C for HA, while 5% relative humidity (RH) was maintained for RDH and 40% RH for DA. Stress-induced effects of heat and desiccation on the levels of five metabolites namely cuticular lipids (CL), total body lipids (TBL), protein, proline, and carbohydrates were then estimated by biochemical method. Different duration of heat hardening and acclimation led to more accumulation of CL whereas different durations of desiccation hardening and acclimation revealed less accumulation. In contrast, there was an accumulation of carbohydrates and protein under desiccation hardening and acclimation whereas there was the utilization of carbohydrates and protein under heat hardening and acclimation. However, mixed results were observed on the level of proline and TBL under both heat and desiccation stress. These stress-triggered changes in the levels of various metabolites suggest a possible link between heat and desiccation tolerance. Hence, these compensatory changes in the level of various metabolites also suggest possible energetic homeostasis in Z. indianus living under harsh climatic conditions of heat and drought in tropical regions.


The study of press fit bearing-shaft joint dimensional parameters by means of analytical and numerical calculations in order to identify those parameters of the press fit joints which significantly influence the life of the bearings fitted by pressing is dealt in this paper. The mounting and conditions of fit joint are the significant factors affecting the operability and life of the bearings and consequently that of rotating machines and the whole technical units. The aim of the analysis and study is to determine the tangential and radial stress, the radial displacement, and the influence of the shape features and the size of the interference on the change of the radii in the press fit bearing-shaft joint, in particular, the ball bearings of 6014 2RSR C3 type. Moreover, on the basis of obtained results, the paper discusses the impact of shaft dimensional and geometrical accuracy on the bearing lifetime.


This study aimed to assess the reading comprehension level and study skills competencies of the Alternative Learning System-Accreditation and Equivalency (ALS-A&E) clientele. It utilized the descriptive-quantitative research design. Data were obtained from various adopted reading passages. Of the four reading dimensions, the clientele registered a good performance in the literal level but poorly performed in the inferential, evaluative, and creative dimensions. As to their study skills competencies, outlining and semantic mapping were their top concerns but they were nevertheless good in locating thesis statement and very good in book parts familiarization. Considering these findings, it is the imperative for the ALS implementers to revisit their pedagogic practices relative to the teaching of reading as a macro language skill especially on the areas were their clientele need instructional related interventions. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2019.31.220229 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.


Domestic abuse prevention education programmes have been found to be effective in bringing about attitudinal and behavioural change. However, there is limited research on theatre-based interventions developed in the United Kingdom. This study aimed to assess pupils' responses to a theatre production called 'Love Hurts'. A mixed methods approach, which incorporated an online survey and focus groups, was used to understand the pupils' perceptions of the play. The survey was completed by 294 pupils aged 11-19 years in five schools. Four focus groups were conducted in two of the schools involved. The pupils were generally very positive about the play, girls more so than boys. One of the strengths was that the young people reported being able to relate to the situations, and they found the use of theatre very engaging. They seemed to respond well to the use of a positive male role in the play, but reported that more could be done to highlight that women can be abusive too. Another theme was around the issue of trust, with some young people reporting feeling cautious about entering relationships following the play. The findings suggest that the young people responded well to the messages conveyed and felt that theatre was an effective means of addressing the issue. However, care is needed as to how to address the issues of gender and trust.


The New Public Management (NPM) Theory is a rhetorical construction with diverse intellectual roots. That diversity means that it is open to reinterpretation and shifts in implementation across countries (Sahlin-Andersson, 2001; Smullen, 2007). This overview article critically investigates NPM application in various EU health care systems. NPM led to a greater focus on market forces and competition and improved information sharing and cooperation among health care networks, and changed the way care is delivered. This article also identifies significant misfits between policy announcements and NPM implementation. NPM has taken root much more substantially in the United Kingdom (UK) than in France and Germany. The variety of capitalism and institutional systems provides an explanation for divergences in NPM implementation.


The management of patients with refractory angina poses a major clinical challenge. Optimal medical therapy (OMT) is of paramount importance to improving quality of life by reducing (as much as possible) the number of angina attacks with a correspondent increase in exercise tolerance. For that, a judicious use of a combination of all agents currently approved in the management of patients with stable angina should be implemented. Guidelines usually recommend a combination of hemodynamic agents, such as β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and/or long-acting nitrates, at maximally tolerated doses, followed by the addition (as needed) of antianginal agents with different modes of action, such as trimetazidine, ivabradine, ranolazine, nicorandil, perhexiline, allopurinol, and/or fasudil (where available). Here, we describe the case of a patient who initially received a diagnosis of refractory angina and in whom OMT greatly helped to improve symptoms. L Heart Metab. 2017;72:32-36


Magnetic field configurations, cusp locations, merging, and interconnection regions for the Lyon-Fedder global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation model and the Tsyganenko 96 (T96_01) empirical model are presented and compared for three different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directions (north, south, and dusk directed). Field line configurations indicate a significantly larger magnetosphere in the T96_01 model compared to the MHD model for all IMF directions. In each of the models the polar cusp is identified by depressions in the magnetic field residual and by the boundary between dayside closed and open field lines. It is found that the MHD model exhibits a much stronger residual magnetic field depression in the cusp region than does the T96_01 model. The MHD field depression is associated with the presence of diamagnetic magnetosheath plasma that enters the cusp via the MHD merging process. In the northward IMF case, MHD merging above both poles results in an MHD open-closed field line boundary located at 89° invariant latitude with MHD cusp plasma and field depressions centered on closed field lines near 81°. The T96_01 model is very different from this with its north IMF open-closed boundary located at 79° invariant latitude. For the southward IMF case the T96_01 open-closed boundary at 74° invariant latitude lies slightly poleward of the MHD open-closed boundary at 73°. In this case the MHD cusp plasma is centered near 75° invariant latitude. In the dusk-directed IMF case the MHD cusp plasma shifts ∼2 hours in magnetic local time (MLT) toward dusk and remains poleward of the MHD open-closed boundary. In this case the MHD dayside open-closed boundary extends from dawn to dusk, while the T96_01 dayside open-closed boundary extends only from dawn to ∼13 MLT and near local noon is coincident with the MHD boundary at ∼74° invariant latitude. Differences between the two models are due in large part to differences in the form of their interconnectivity with the interplanetary magnetic field lines. For each IMF direction the MHD merging locations and T96_01 strongest interconnection regions are identified and are found to be very different. On the basis of comparisons with numerous case and statistical studies of the cusp it is concluded that the MHD model provides a fairly realistic representation of the cusp and dayside magnetic field configuration, while the T96_01 model is limited in its ability to model the cusp region.


Everyday Use is the best of essays written by Alice Walker,a very famous African American woman novelist.In this essay,two sisters from Africa-American family give us a deep impression.Although they are sisters,Maggie and Dee are different.With a concept of structuralism:binary opposition,this article shows the two sisters:Maggie and Dee have different natures,appearances and the views for the quilt.However,with their attitudes to the quilt analyzed by deconstructionism:breaking the binary opposition,the two sisters are identical:both of them regard the quilt as the rare material.Finally,this thesis points out an insufficiency of the essay.


The article presents the results of studying the effect of modified diatomite as part of a complex additive at the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in cow's milk. Production and physiological tests were carried out on the basis of a dairy farm LLC "Agrofirma Tetyushskoe" in the Ulyanovsk region on black-and-white cows of 2...3 lactation. For the physiological experiment, animals were selected by the method of analogues by live weight, number and month of lactation, pregnancy, and physiological state. The complex additive included modified diatomite, diacetophenonyl selenide containing organic selenium (DAFS), sunflower oil, and feed yeast. Additive based on 250 g/head/day mixed with feed once a day was administered in the diet of animals of the experimental group, the other group was a control and received no additive. The additive had an effect on the fatty acid composition of milk and contributed to an increase in the fraction of saturated fatty acids with a short chain. In the fat fraction, the amount of saturated short-chain fatty acids increases by 4.0% due to an increase in the content of capric (by 6.7%), lauric (by 12.3%, P<0.05), myristic (by 13.3%, P<0.05), palmitic (by 17.1%, P<0.05), which is a positive factor and indicates an active synthesis of volatile fatty acids, primarily acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. At the same time, there was a sharp decline in the content of stearic (27.3%, P<0.05) and arachinic (27.6%, P<0.05) acids. The milk of cows in the experimental group showed a decrease in the level of monounsaturated fatty acids by 7.4%.


The invention discloses a fixed seam expanding device and welding equipment for a thin-walled plate cylinder, belongs to cylinder welding equipment in the technical field of welding, and aims to provide the fixed seam expanding device for the thin-walled plate cylinder, so that a welding seam is expanded and the accurate positioning for the seam is facilitated. The technical scheme is that the fixed seam expanding device comprises a substrate, wherein a telescopic synchronous gear is arranged on the substrate; an upper expansion telescopic link is arranged above the telescopic synchronous gear, and an upper telescopic synchronous rack is connected onto the upper expansion telescopic link; a lower expansion telescopic link is arranged below the telescopic synchronous gear, and a lower telescopic synchronous rack is connected onto the lower expansion telescopic link; the upper telescopic synchronous rack and the lower telescopic synchronous rack are meshed with the telescopic synchronous gear by corresponding to the upper side and the lower side of the telescopic synchronous gear respectively. The fixed seam expanding device for the thin-walled plate cylinder is applicable to cylinder welding and used for expanding the welding seam.


Three processes by which tropocollagen units associate to yield highly specific aggregates have been examined. From the temperature coefficients of the amounts aggregated it is concluded that the complex "native" aggregation is endothermic, whereas both end‐to‐end and lateral aggregation are exothermic. These results combined with additional information lead to the conclusion that "native" aggregation is an entropy‐driven process in which hydrophobic bonding plays the dominant role. In contrast the reactions producing the lateral aggregate and the aggregate in which end‐to‐end bonding is dominant are electrostatically governed.


Asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation is perhaps one of the most researched areas in homogeneous catalysis; thus, it is now used in numerous innovative applications in stereoselective syntheses of many chiral pharmaceutical and natural products. Metal complexes, derived from transition metals, like Rh, Ru, Ir, and so on, and chiral ligands (usually mono- or diphosphine ligands), are widely used as catalysts in asymmetric alkene hydrogenation as a result of their efficiency in the preparation of enantiopure compounds with excellent atom economy.

This chapter provides many interesting examples of homogeneous enantio- and diastereoselective hydrogenation of CC bonds, highlighting the utility of these methods as useful synthetic tools for the construction of stereogenic centers in stereoselective drug and natural product syntheses.

Keywords:

hydrogen;
asymmetric hydrogenation;
alkene;
hydrogenation;
CC bond;
stereoselective;
synthesis;
enantioselective;
drug;
natural product;
rhodium;
ruthenium;
iridium;
chiral ligand;
C–H bond formation;
S/C ratio;
pharmaceutical


A new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), detected at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, can pass from person to person, spreading very quickly. The COVID-19 outbreak has created stress among societies. This study aims to evaluate the usability of Google Trends data in predicting and modeling the COVID-19 outbreak and the attitudes of different societies to it by using an infodemiological method. The authors collected the search words related to coronavirus and their relative search volume (RSV) from 11 different countries affected by the COVID-19 outbreak from Google Trends. A positive correlation was found between the trend rate of the words searched on the internet and the number of COVID-19 cases in countries related to the COVID-19 outbreak (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between 11 country societies in the daily RSV for the COVID-19 outbreak (p<0.05). The Turkish, South Korean, Iranian, and Swiss society have searched more intensely on the internet for COVID-19 than others. The research shows that Google Trends data can be used to build the forecast model for case numbers in the COVID-19 outbreak. Besides, Google Trends data provides information about different societies' attitudes in the COVID-19 outbreak.


In the Tang Dynasty,lots of poems were written about imperial examinations,reflecting the examinations themselves and the psychology of the examinees.Among them,there were poems about personal feelings written by those who passed imperial examinations.Due to difference of character,educational background and life situations,those who passed imperial examinations responded differently to the big event in their life: some were buoyant,some grateful,some sober,some wanted to retire to seclusion in forests and mountains when the time came.


Based on the output value of agriculture forestry,animal husbandry and fishery of each city(zone)in Hainan from 2000 to 2009,the concept of Lorrenze curves and Gini coefficierts(GC)were used to analyze the structure of the Value.The result indicated that the most unbalanced was the output value of forestry(GC=0.52),and the second unbal anced was the output value of fishery(GC=0.45).The output value of agriculture(GC=0.17)and animal husbandry(GC= 0.23)were more balanced.With time,the distribution of farming has no change,while that of the forestry and animal hus bandry and fishery exhibited an opposite trend.This demonstrated that the spatial and temporal distribution of output val ue in city(zone)of Hainan was unbalanced.This result can be helpful for structural optimization and regional intensive development of the Value.