Decreasing pulling loads is critical for horizontal directional drilling(HDD) projects and a systematical investigation into the effect of parameters on pulling loads is the first step in developing drag reduction process.A new model to predict pulling loads was presented.Based on the model,the influence and sensitivity of parameters on calculation were analyzed and contribution weight of three components was also discussed.It is indicated that the influence of curvature radius and pipe bending stiffness on the pulling loads decreases significantly when over-cut ratio is not smaller than 1.5.Pulling loads is quite sensitive to slurry weight,friction coefficient between pipe and soil,and over-cut ratio.The pipe weight and the resulting friction is the largest contribution part of pulling loads.The resistance fluctuation is maximum caused by the resistance effect of curved section.The friction is the key point of drag reduction technology.The fluidic drag friction is relatively stable,and the contribution weight of fluidic drag friction is less than 10%.


A compact and low-cost electron injector linac was designed and constructed for the soft X-ray synchrotron radiation facility NewSUBARU, instead of the SPring-8 injector system, which will be shutdown. The total length of the 1 GeV injector linac needs to be less than 70 m to fit into the existing tunnel. To this end, an RF electron gun with a gridded thermionic cathode directly attached to a 238 MHz RF cavity was developed and adopted. The C-band accelerator with a high accelerating gradient of 31 MV/m was used as the main accelerator to make the accelerator length compact. A highly integrated low-level RF system consisting of a MTCA.4 based high-speed digitizers and RF frontend boards has been constructed. After the beam commissioning, we obtained the aimed 1 GeV, 100 pC beam with low energy spread of 0.1%, and low normalized emittance of less than 10 mm mrad. The electron beam was injected to the storage ring with more than 90% efficiency. This electron linac sets a new benchmark for the accelerator field.


This paper expounds theoretically the difference between opening laboratory teaching and traditional experiment teaching on classes.Meanwhile it illustrates their relations in modern teaching system.Combining with the experiences gained by the chemistry department of Tongji University in opening laboratory teaching,it explores the opening measures and the teaching effectiveness from such aspects as experimental teaching content,opening mode,opening experiment management and experiment evaluation.


In this study, conical ground and elevated tanks` seismic response has been investigated. This study has been motivated with the deficiency of data in design codes concerning conical tanks seismic analysis. Seismic analysis by American Water Works Association for welded steel tanks for water storage (AWWA D-100) or Egyptian code for loads (ECP201-2012) is based on an approximate method by using the mechanical analog of cylinder tanks by substituting the conical tank with an equivalent cylinder tank. 3D Finite element models have been modeled using added mass approach in order to represent the fluid-structure interaction. A previously established mechanical analog for conical tanks under horizontal seismic force has been used in the finite element model. The 3D finite element model is verified with El Damatty and Sweedan (2006) work and with Maheri et al. (1988) experimental work. A wide range of conical tanks has been studied to investigate the seismic response of conical tanks through evaluating maximum base shear, maximum overturning moment and maximummoment at the bottom of wall using response spectrum method. Those obtained values using finite element model, AWWA-D100 and ECP201-2012 have been compared to each other. This study reveals that approximate methods underestimate the seismic response of conical tanks, hence some correction factors have been suggested to be used if AWWA-D100 or ECP201-2012 procedures to be used. It also has been concluded that for the same tank volume and the same liquid height to radius at vessel base ratio (hw/Rb), a vertical inclination angle of tank`s walls (Ɵv) of 15 o gives the minimum moment at the bottom of wall


school compulsory for children employed, and Wisconsin makes it cmnpulsory for all children employed between fourteen and sixteen. Maine had an investigation through the state superintendent, and now offers state aid, Michigan had an investigation by a special committee, as .did also New Jersey, and this year Indiana makes its entrance into the field, through the report ot a special commission on industrial and agricultural schools. Aside from official action, there is the no less significant action by many organizations, such as the Commercial Oub of Chicago, which is working out plans for definite> action. Doubtless in all this work there have been some mistakes. It would be strange If it were oth'erwise. It is a new problem when viewed from the standpoint of our educational system. There are hundreds of different vocations each needing special treatment, but susceptible to certain groupings. The grasp of all of the minutiae of the industries and the relations which education bears to each, cannot be gaine.d in so brief a space of time. The danger lies in emphasizing too strongly those vocations about which we know the most, to the detriment of those vocations for which our education has had little significance. It would be tedious to present the present points to which all states have come in working out this problem. There is general agreement on some phases. Among them may be mentioned:1. State supervision through deputies having special qualifications to aid in establishing schools and courses, to give advice on the problems, to investigate the possibilities for most effective training and to guide the movement safely to practical results. Such a deputy is provided for in Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Wiseonsin, and in the proposed Indiana and Illinois laws. 2. State aid is given in Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Wisconsin, and is proposed in Illinois and Indiana. No system will proceed far without it. Vocational education is a state and not a local problem. It is unfair to ask a city or" town to -educate skilled workmen who may migrate and carry away all the city or town has given them. A skilled "Worker is an asset to the locality, the state, and the nation and all should co-operate in paying the cost. 3. The controlling state board is usually made to ;ncIude representatives oi vocational interests as well as educators.


The test sample were intercepted from thread bearing circle,end plate,connecter and flange of equipment in order to assessment grain size and shape of inclusion.The grain size was higher in flange and connector,but grain size of four positions satisfied criteria,there were small oxide inclusion and little sulfide,the inclusion distributed independently.


Instagram is the second social media that is often used by people, especially in Indonesia. Instagram has a function to comment on photos or videos uploaded by users. Comments that submitted by a community, some of them are positive, some of them are negative. Which one is hate speech. Based on ITE constitution that prohibited acts are intentionally and without rights to disseminate information intended to incite hatred or hostility of certain individuals and/or groups of people based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup. Authorities find it difficult to handle the hate speech because there are many variations of hate speech. Therefore, the system is made to detect hate speech using Deep Neural Network method. With this system, it can be to help the authorities to handle this case, especially on Instagram comment section. From the research results of this final task in classifying a hate speech from Instagram column comment section obtained accuracy with an average 97.19%.


Abstract This article discusses the significance of conversation in current clinical practice with individuals with aphasia and their conversation partners. It explores the nature of everyday talk, and provides an overview of how studies to date have examined the conversations of individuals with aphasia and have provided some promising treatment avenues. It also proposes another framework, Speech Function Analysis, that may assist further in incorporating conversational principles into the therapy context. The framework provides a system network for examining speech functions in dialogue, while considering the effects of both lexical and syntactic limitations, and context. Examples of conversations between three individuals with aphasia and their partners are used to illustrate the analysis. The authors suggest that further knowledge of both aphasic speakers' and their partners' interactions as well as clinician–client interactions may increase our insights into this area, and make authentic and meaningful conversation more accessible in the clinical situation and beyond.


1.1. According to the 1971 census, Telugu is spoken by 44.70 million people, occupying the second place among the major Indian languages in terms of population. Telugu is a member of the Dravidian family of languages. There are inscriptions in Telugu from the 6th century onward and literature of a high order from the 11th century. The Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi (the State Academy of Letters) constituted in 1957 — a year after the formation of the linguistic states in India — decided to bring out a series of dictionaries of vocabularies used in native occupations in Telugu with the following objectives and rationale: 1. The known dictionaries of Telugu are based on published literature, mainly translations of Sanskrit epics and pumaNas. These works contain a negligible component of the vast vocabulary used in native occupations like agriculture, weaving, sculpture, architecture and house building, fisheries and boat construction, carpentry, blacksmithing, goldsmithing, and a host of small arts and crafts like pottery, basket-making, doll-making, bangle-making, etc. This is true of all other major Indian languages. With progressive industrialization, these occupations will gradually vanish and so would the enormous vocabularies associated with them. A systematic methodology should be evolved to collect and record such vocabularies, with regional and social variation. 2. Since most of the occupations are pursued by nonmigrant sedentary populations who are mostly illiterate, such vocabularies should reflect dialect boundaries which have developed over a long period of time. The regional dialects of Telugu can thus be discovered and correlated with the political and cultural history of those regions. Very little dialect work of this kind was carried out for Telugu, or for any other Indian language, for that matter. We could also explore how the speech of the illiterate masses differs from that of the educated standard-language speakers — at least in phonology and lexis.


View models are key concepts of domain-specific modeling to provide task-specific focus (e.g., power or communication architecture of a system) to the designers by highlighting only the relevant aspects of the system. View models can be specified by unidirectional forward transformations (frequently captured by graph queries), and automatically maintained upon changes of the underlying source model using incremental transformation techniques. However, tracing back complex changes from one or more abstract view to the underlying source model is a challenging task, which, in general, requires the simultaneous analysis of transformation specifications and well-formedness constraints to create valid changes in the source model. In this paper we introduce a novel delta-based backward transformation technique using SAT solvers to synthetize valid and consistent change candidates in the source model, where only forward transformation rules are specified for the view models.


We propose a multi-agent-based healthcare support system in ubiquitous computing environment. By utilizing knowledge about healthcare and various information including vital sign, physical location, and video data of a user under observation from real space, the system provides useful information regarding health condition effectively and in user-oriented manner. This paper describes a user-oriented healthcare support system based on concept of symbiotic computing, focusing on design and initial prototype implementation of the system.


This article provides the solution of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem of medium electrical systems through an artificial intelligence algorithm. The goal is to minimize the total cost of generated fuel and environmental pollution caused by power generation units based on fossils. System performance is also maintained by limiting generator real and reactive power outputs and power flow of transmission lines in acceptable limits. The power flow equations and load balance equation are considered as equality constraints. The performance analysis of this OPF problem using the Particle Swarm Optimization technique is carried out by checking various combinations of values of the associated parameters. The biobjective problem of generation cost and emission dispatch is solved via weighted sum method for different combinations of weights and a multi-objective problem of minimizing power generation cost and flue gases (NOx, CO2, SO2), is solved by a new algorithm named as Multi-Objective PSO (MOPSO) technique, to find out optimal solution and optimal value of weights. Simulation results for the IEEE 30-bus network with 6 generators system show that by proposed method, an optimal solution can be given quickly.


Oral drug delivery has been known for decades as the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for the systemic delivery of drugs via various pharmaceutical products of different dosage forms. The reason that the oral route achieved such popularity may be attributed to its ease of administration as well as the traditional belief that by oral administration the drug is well absorbed as the food stuffs ingested daily. In fact, the development of pharmaceutical products for mouth delivery, irrespective of physical form involves varying extents of optimization of dosage form within the inherent constraints of gastro intestinal physiology. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of various disciplines, including gastro intestinal physiology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and formulation design are essential to achieve a systemic approach to the successful development of an oral dosage form. The more sophisticated a delivery system, the more is the complexity of these various disciplines involved in the design and optimization of the system. The scientific framework required for the successful development of an oral drug delivery system consists of a basic understanding of the following three aspects: The tablets are prepared by drirct compression by using drug, polymer complex in 1:2, different superdisintegrating agents like crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycilate in different percentages like 3%, 4% and 5%. The prepared tablets are evaluated for post compression parameters like wetting time, drug content uniformity, friability, hardness, invitro dispersion time and uniformity of dispersion. The invitro dissolution study was conducted for all formulations which are prepared by different super disintegrating agents like crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycilate in different percentages like 3%, 4% and 5%. T50% & T90% for nine formulations were calculated. From the reults, F3 (crospovidone 5%), F6 (croscarmellose 5%) and F9 (Sodium starch glycolate 5%) shows better results. Among this three formulations (F3, F6 and F9), the F3 formulation with 5% crospovidone was found to be the best formulation, superior in activity. From the drug release kinetics sumatriptan succinate follows first order release kinetics because the regression factor of first order is nearer thane the zero order kinetics. Accelerated stability studies on the final formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in thickness, hardness, % friability, wetting time (sec), disintegration time and drug content at the end of one month.


An assistance artificial heart was fabricated with blood compatible polyurethane having 3 different sizes and was evaluated by a series of preclinical experiment in calves. The following results were obtained. 1) The artificial heart was constructed in 3 sizes of 60, 80 and 100 cc in capacity and is activated by a pneumatic heart driver console. 2) The mock circulation revealed that this assistance heart has ejection fraction of 80-95%. 3) Safe use of assistance heart has been confirmed by implantation in 18 calves with intact or failured hearts over a period of 3 months. 4) Weaning could be performed in cases where myocardial necrosis of the left ventricle is induced less than 35% utilizing myocardial injection of 5N-NaOH. However pump dependency develops for a necrosis exceeding 35 %. 5) Thus we concluded that this system can be safely employed for a one month cardiac assistance clinically and at most for a 3 months support in pump dependent cases. 6) The technique was developed to make the instant shift possible within a few minutes from the conventional non-pulsatile bypass assistance to the assistance heart. 367


Abstract The search for integration in counselling practice is addressed. It is argued that this necessarily involves a process of dialectical thinking, brought to bear in reconciling different visions of reality encapsulated within divergent therapeutic traditions. A model is offered of integration based upon the superordinate concept of 'the vicious circle' derived from an ironic world-view. The model is heated in Wachtel's theory of cyclical psychodynamics and Bowlby's attachment theory. An illustrative case-study is provided.


Maritime piracy is an activity that was considered defunct long ago and that Latin American countries experience it again in the 21st century. Since 2016 the number of attacks has increased dramatically involving armed robbery, kidnapping and massacre. Modern day piracy has nothing to do with the romantic illusion of the pirates of the Caribbean, this phenomenon is associated with the governmental, social or economic crisis of a state. When it appears, we can make further conclusions regarding the general conditions of the society in these states. But do these attacks really constitute piracy under international law? Does Latin American piracy have unique features that are different from piracy in the rest of the world? The study attempts to answer the questions why piracy matters in Latin America and how it relates to drug trafficking and terrorism. Apart from that, the study presents a legal aspect comparing the regulation of international law to domestic law, especially to the national law of Latin American states.


The advent of puberty in girls with its manifestation by adrenarch and memarche occurs on an average from 11 to 13 years of age. The outside limits of normality are accepted as 9 years and 17 years. The further these limits are advanced or delayed, the greater the parental worry and the greater the clinical interest their arouse. (AU)


Three types of new polydiacetylenes were synthesized; {poly 6-butanoxy-2, 4-hexadiyne ether (A)}, {poly 1-oxydodecayle – 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-diate (B)}, and {polymer poly 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-4, 4-diamido azo benzene (C)} by using spinning technique thin films were grown on glass substrate. The optical properties were characterized it is found that the measured permeability spectra were high value in the visible and near IR wavelength region. The results showed that the values of optical energy gap for the polymer poly 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-4, 4-diamido azo benzene C is less than the values of A and B. In addition, it is found that the permeability and optical gap decreased with increasing the thickness of thin films.


We obtain basic estimates for a Monge-Ampere equation introduced by Moncrief in the study of the Relativistic Teichmuller Theory. We then give another proof of the parametrization of the Teichmuller space obtained by Moncrief. Our approach provides yet another proof of the classical Teichmuller theorem that the Teichmuller space of a compact oriented surface of genus $g(\Sigma)>1$ is diffeomorphic to the disk of dimension $6g(\Sigma)-6$. We also give another proof of properness of a certain energy function on the Teichmuller space.


Today, human activities are highly dependent on fossil fuels and industrialized forms of agriculture and have reached a level that could damage the Earth's systems [...]


and colleagues in a number of international settings. In this way, a broad international lens and relevance is maintained. This book will be invaluable for academics and practitioners contemplating or actively engaged in practice research partnerships. The perceived barriers between knowledge generation and practice application are carefully and deliberately challenged in this book. If all entry-topractice students were to emerge with this understanding of the importance and potential of practice research in their daily practice from the outset, the profession's tendency to question the place of research will be transformed. Many postgraduate students will also benefit from reading this, given that so many are at heart practitioners seeking to create new knowledge for practice and for improving client experiences and outcomes.


The second order poincare' map is described and used for investigation of the dynamical behavior of a gyrostat satellite. The normalized attitudinal equations of motion for a typical non-symmetric gyrostat satellite are considered. For different sets of initial conditions the equations simulated by Runge-Kutta method. The poincare' section is used to dimension reduction of system phase space. By this map the dimension reduced from six to five. Using secondary map the dimension of phase space can be reduced to four and considering symmetry of phase space the final space has two dimensions that is presentable at the plane. Bifurcation in the attitudinal behavior can be demonstrated easily by the derived map.


This work presents a method to detect roads in rural conditions, considering gravel or stabilized roads. The main features of this type of ways are based on they do not have lanes and either lateral or central delimitations. This type of road is common in several countries that, for their infrastructure road, still have a large percentage considered as belonging to red earth without paving or delineating. In order to detect the edges of the paths, this work proposes an analysis strategy based on channel selection on HIS color map representation. The selection automatically allows detecting the channel which brings better information. A convolution filter sequence combined with an adaptive Hough Transform is then applied to detect of curves in the way. Keywords—driver assistance; rural roads; image processing


Context. Complex (iso-)nitrile molecules, such as CH3CN and HC3N, are relatively easily detected in our Galaxy and in other galaxies. Aims: We aim at constraining their chemistry through observations of two positions in the Horsehead edge: the photo-dissociation region (PDR) and the dense, cold, and UV-shielded core just behind it. Methods: We systematically searched for lines of CH3CN, HC3N, C3N, and some of their isomers in our sensitive unbiased line survey at 3, 2, and 1 mm. We stacked the lines of C3N to improve the detectability of this species. We derived column densities and abundances through Bayesian analysis using a large velocity gradient radiative transfer model. Results: We report the first clear detection of CH3NC at millimeter wavelength. We detected 17 lines of CH3CN at the PDR and 6 at the dense core position, and we resolved its hyperfine structure for 3 lines. We detected 4 lines of HC3N, and C3N is clearly detected at the PDR position. We computed new electron collisional rate coefficients for CH3CN, andwe found that including electron excitation reduces the derived column density by 40% at the PDR position, where the electron density is 1-5 cm-3. While CH3CN is 30 times more abundant in the PDR (2.5 × 10-10) than in the dense core (8 × 10-12), HC3N has similar abundance at both positions (8 × 10-12). The isomeric ratio CH3NC/CH3CN is 0.15 ± 0.02. Conclusions: The significant amount of complex (iso-)nitrile molecule in the UV illuminated gas is puzzling as the photodissociation is expected to be efficient. This is all the more surprising in the case of CH3CN, which is 30 times more abundant in the PDR than in the dense core. In this case, pure gas phase chemistry cannot reproduce the amount of CH3CN observed in the UV-illuminated gas. We propose that CH3CN gas phase abundance is enhanced when ice mantles of grains are destroyed through photo-desorption or thermal-evaporation in PDRs, and through sputtering in shocks. Based on observations obtained with the IRAM-30 m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org


A museum designed to exhibit AIR Grid only. The first animation shows the entry sequence, the second shows the transition from tier 1 to tier 2


to the author's wish to generalize a &dquo;nation building&dquo; process from the fascinating, but after all rather restrictive material of chapters 7, 8, and 9. Despite the heavy role of rural, mainly kibbutz, ethos in Israeli society, agriculture accounts for only 11 percent of its Jewish population. While an isolated group from the Saharan border, like similar ones from Kurdistan or Yemen, may lend itself more easily to traditional socio-anthropological research than immigrants from the Frenchified cities of the Maghreb, or those from East Europe, such groups represent a rather extreme segment of Israeli population. Consequently, the book suffers from a lack of balance between its


This chapter explains how M'backé Fall took on the role of prosecuting Hissène Habré, as well as how he balanced the legal elements of that prosecution with the political. For example, it notes his decision to proceed with the case against Habré even in the absence of Habré's co-defendants and despite limited cooperation from the Chadian authorities. With the accusation of Hissène Habré by the Prosecutor's office on 2 July 2013, the investigative judges took over the investigation. The Prosecutor's office, however, joined the execution of the different international rogatory missions in Chad, carried out with some difficulty. In Senegal, the Prosecutor's office participated in Hissène Habré's interrogation sessions and ensured the regularity of procedure for interlocutory appeals before the Accusation Chamber. The chapter then details the trial and appeal process, particularly as regards the management of oral, sometimes unexpected, testimony.


As a clean and efficient energy, natural gas is increasingly noticed at home and abroad. Pipeline being the major means to transmit natural gas, its operation safety is particularly important because of the inflammable and explosive characteristics of natural gas. This paper proposes a method of extracting leakage gas directly and testing using semi-penetration pipe and realizing real-time on-line inspection and positioning of the pipeline leakage; and it analyzes the profound importance of the leak detection technology as the construction of the gas pipeline network is rapidly developing; and it also analyzes and evaluates the leak detection technology in recent years at home and abroad, and it eventually succeeds in working out the rationality and adaptability of this leak detection method.


Purpose: To study the different trends of eye position changes under narcosis in Infantile Intermittent Exotropia (IXT) compared to Infantile Esotropia (ET). To discuss the possible causes of the difference. Methods: Twenty-nine patients, aged 2 to 15 years, undergoing surgery for infantile concomitant strabismus at University Eye Clinic of Bologna, between January 2017 and December 2019, took part in this prospective study. Of them, 13 had basic or simulated divergence excess IXT and 16 had ET. Eye position was measured preoperatively and under general anesthesia with a modified Paliaga Test for the measure of interlimbal distance (ILD). In IXT patients the prolonged occlusion test was performed preoperatively. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used to induce general anaesthesia. Results: In IXT patients the difference between preoperative and intraoperative ILD was not statistically significant (Wilcoxon, p>0.05), and showed a great variability, as under narcosis ILD decreased in 38.46%, did not change in 30.77%, and increased in 30.77% of patients; while in ET patients it increased under narcosis, with a statistical significance (Wilcoxon, p=0.002). Conclusion: Differences in the determinants of the ocular deviation may be suspected in ET and IXT, particularly regarding the role of esotonus, that is the baseline innervation to the extraocular muscles which opposes the position of rest in the awake state and which is suppressed under narcosis. While esotonus is increased in ET, it could be even decreased in IXT where other innervational phenomena, like active divergence, may be involved in determining the deviation.


A 56-year-old Indianwomanwith hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity underwent bariatric surgery. Thirteen days post surgery, she felt itching and pain over her right lower thigh. For the next 3 months, she experienced intermittent itching in the morning (of intensity 7/10 on a combined visual analogue and numerical scale) and intense intermittent pain at night (of intensity 7/10). Examination revealed a localized area of excoriations over her right lower lateral thighwithout the presence of a primary dermatosis. The area of itch/pain and excoriations correlated with the distribution of the lateral cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. She was treated with topical 0.1% tacrolimus twice daily over the affected area. After 1 week, both her itching and pain had resolved. She did not experience any side effects. She reduced the application to once daily at 2 months and stopped applying at 4 months. There was no recurrence of symptoms up to the current follow-up at 10 months.


In this paper key concepts and possible implementation of co-modality in public transport are described. End-to-end quality of service (QoS) for end users (including travel time, comfort, security risk, etc.) and network performance (for operators) are simultaneously considered the key criteria for effective co-modality. The problem of co-modality is especially considered in the P&R system, which represents the interface between the individual automotive, pedestrian and bicycle transport on the one hand and public transport (tram, bus and new light railway system) on the other hand. The real problem of intermodal interfaces and poor connection between various transport modes (bus, tram and new light rail system) require holistic multilevel approach, real-time transport information and a new integrated management system. These systems have to be designed as a part of the Zagreb Intelligent Transport System (ZITS). New terms such as co-modality have to be integrated as technical terms.


A sequence of layers, bright and dark, is exposed on the walls of canyons, impact craters and mesas throughout the Ares Vallis region, Chryse Planitia, and Xanthe Terra, Mars. Four layers can be seen: two pairs of alternating dark and bright albedo. The upper dark layer forms the top surface of many walls and mesas. The upper dark-bright pair was stripped as a unit from many streamlined mesas and from the walls of Ares Valles, leaving a bench at the top of the lower dark layer, ∼250 m below the highland surface on streamlined islands and on the walls of Ares Vallis itself. Along Ares Vallis, the scarp between the highlands surface and this bench is commonly angular in plan view (not smoothly curving), suggesting that erosion of the upper dark-bright pair of layers controlled by planes of weakness, like fractures or joints. These near-surface layers in the Ares Vallis area have similar thicknesses, colors, and resistances to erosion to layers exposed near the tops of walls in Valles Marineris [Treiman et al., 1995] and may represent the same pedogenic hardpan units. From this correlation, and from analogies with hardpans on Earth, the light-color layers may be cemented by calcite or gypsum. The dark layers are likely cemented by an iron-bearing mineral. Mars Pathfinder instruments should permit recognition and useful analyses of hardpan fragments, provided that clean uncoated surfaces are accessible. Even in hardpan-cemented materials, it should be possible to determine the broad types of lithologies in the Martian highlands. However, detailed geochemical modeling of highland rocks and soils may be compromised by the presence of hardpan cement minerals.


Cytochrome c oxidase assembly process involves many accessory proteins including Cox11, which is a copper-binding protein required for Cu incorporation into the CuB site of cytochrome c oxidase. In a genome wide search, a number of Cox11 homologs are found in all of the eukaryotes with complete genomes and in several Gram-negative bacteria. All of them possess a highly homologous soluble domain and contain an N-terminal fragment that anchors the protein to the membrane. An anchor-free construct of 164 amino acids was obtained from Sinorhizobium meliloti, and the first structure of this class of proteins is reported here. The apoform has an immunoglobulin-like fold with a novel type of β-strand organization. The copper binding motif composed of two highly conserved cysteines is located on one side of the β-barrel structure. The apoprotein is monomeric in the presence of dithiothreitol, whereas it dimerizes in the absence of the reductant. When copper(I) binds, NMR and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data indicate a dimeric protein state with two thiolates bridging two copper(I) ions. The present results advance the knowledge on the poorly understood molecular aspects of cytochrome c oxidase assembly.


In face of the disastrous consequences of the traditional industrial economic model,mankind starts to reflect and reform the traditional model of industry to the model of eco-economy.During the course of this transformation enterprises may suffer.However,as far as the enterprises are concerned,this also means investment opportunities and new aspects for increasing profits.Making proper use of the governmental resources and environment policies may upgrade the enterprises.In addition,the enterprises can take advantages of this reform to improve their image and create new brands.


The invention provides a data input method for a test system and the test system. The data input method for the test system comprises the following steps: coupling an information register to a device to be tested; sequentially conveying the device to be tested to a plurality of test stations; in one of the test stations, acquiring a plurality of product identifying codes saved in the information register. According to the invention, the number of staff required for data input is reduced, therefore, human resources are saved and the test efficiency is improved.


Discussed is influence of global processes on development of the individual and society involved in the new world created by modern technologies. This world was supposed to become a "paradise" for everyone living on Earth, but every year humanity's anxiety about its near future is felt, the number of local conflicts and social protests is increasing. Traditional values today are becoming an archaic monument, they are replaced by new ones. They blur the boundaries and, in fact, disorient the modern person, which causes the problem of identification of the individual and society in the context of global integration. Each of us is like a drowning man, for whom a raft (embodying fundamental values) is the only salvation, but its absence in the raging sea of information and many subcultures does not leave the hope that, sooner or later, the person in distress will again find a quiet and peaceful life. As a person ("I") to "find oneself", not allowing to replace «my» with " alien", and society ("We") to become free, thanks to the preservation of its cultural and historical space, while not losing unity with the global world? We present our own vision of this issue, relying on futuristic models created by philosophers of the 20th century as a symbolic "time capsule" for future generations.


Chemical growth process that favours deposition of semiconductor materials from a liquid phase was used to obtain CdS and HgxCd1-xS(0≤x≤0.25)photosensitive thin film electrodes on the stainless steel substrates.The deposition of these series of thin films was carried out under the optimized conditions of temperature(60℃),time(90 min)and pH(10.8±0.2).These films were then employed as photosensitive electrode in an electrochemical photosensing cell consisting of sulphide/polysulphide redox electrolyte and a graphite counter electrode.The cells were illuminated by an input illumination intensity of 13 mW/cm 2 and the cell characteristic parameters namely photocurrent(Iph),photo voltage(Vph),the quantum conversion efficiency(η%)and fill factor(ff %)have been determined.Both Vph and Iph have been found to be boosted as the electrode composition is altered.The conversion efficiency and fill factor enhanced from 0.52%to 1.30%and 31.8%to 37.8%,respectively for the change of electrode composition from 0 to 0.08.Determination of junction ideality factor(nd)showed recombination mechanism at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Barrier height measurements gave Pool-Frenkel type conduction mechanism.The flat band potentials(Vfb)were determined for all the cells and found to be enhanced with x up to 0.08 and then decreased for further increase in x.The lighted junction quality factor(nL)is increased from 1.49 to 2.94 as the photoelectrode composition(x)was varied from 0 to 0.08.The barrier heights(B)at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces were also determined.It is found that B is higher for a cell of electrode composition equal to 0.08.The spectral studies on these cells showed the cut off wavelength(λc)shifted from 530 nm to 800 nm.The transient response studies showed presence of surface states at the interface that causes Fermi-level pinning.Overall,performance of the electrochemical photosensing cell is found to be improved after Hg-corboration in CdS and is optimum at x= 0.08.


The authors investigate the question of which qualitative characteristics are likely to explain the survival of family firms in case of financial distress and whether these vari- ables improve the explanatory power of quantitative variables in clarifying the different probability of distress between family and non-family firms. They focus their atten-tion on the impact of the controlling owner and, using the Socioemotional Wealth theory (SEW), study the role of the family involvement in mitigating or accentuating the likelihood of distress. Using a dataset of 1,137 Italian family and non-family firms during 2004–2013, the authors found that family firms are significantly less likely to incur distress than non-family firms. The board dimension and the number of family members on board affect the probability of distress even controlling for some firm risk characteristics such as beta and ROA volatility, and there is also evidence of a gender mitigating effect in case of a female CEO.


The proliferation of reforms in public administration based on the principles and instruments of the "New Public Management" (NPM) have triggered protest from and collective action by many professional groups in various sectors (healthcare, education, justice, social work, research. . .) and raised questions about the future of professionals working in the public service, particularly as concerns their autonomy. However, after analyzing the situation, it seems that the opposition between NPM and certain professional groups is not the last word in the debate. Should changes be seen as the decline of professional groups and of their autonomy or as a transformation of professional models, an overhaul of professionalism, etc.? Such questions, which current events in France and Europe have brought to the fore, are food for ongoing sociological thought. They are broached here empirically, from the field, applying varied levels of analysis and research. The contributors to this dossier explore the different forms of tension existing between professional groups and NPM.


Abstract Combining Afrobarometer survey data with geocoded data on the discovery and shutdown dates of gold mines, we show that individuals who had gold mines within their district when they were in adolescence have significantly lower educational attainment as adults. Exploring mechanisms, we find that this effect is not driven by endogenous migration, nor a higher incidence of conflicts, nor by a lower provision of schools in mining districts. While data limitations prevent us from fully exploring other channels, prior work as well as suggestive evidence point towards a higher incidence of child labour in mining district as the main mechanism.


A method of evaluating harmonic currents and voltages associated with slip power recovery drives is presented. The rectifier commutation overlap and DC link current ripple are included in the analysis by using a hybrid between the traditional d-q and a-b-c induction motor models. The harmonic components are determined from closed-form expressions which are functions of the numerical values of the distorted waveforms. Computer simulations illustrate the nonperiodic nature of the stator currents and typical harmonic contents of rotor phase current and voltage as well as inverter current at various speed values.<<ETX>>


Third-party libraries (TPLs) have become an essential component of software, accelerating development and reducing maintenance costs. However, breaking changes often occur during the upgrades of TPLs and prevent client programs from moving forward. Semantic versioning (SemVer) has been applied to standardize the versions of releases according to compatibility, but not all releases follow SemVer compliance. Lots of work focuses on SemVer compliance in ecosystems such as Java and JavaScript beyond Golang (Go for short). Due to the lack of tools to detect breaking changes and dataset for Go, developers of TPLs do not know if breaking changes occur and affect client programs, and developers of client programs may hesitate to upgrade dependencies in terms of breaking changes. To bridge this gap, we conduct the first large-scale empirical study in the Go ecosystem to study SemVer compliance in terms of breaking changes and their impact. In detail, we propose GoSVI (Go Semantic Versioning Insight) to detect breaking changes and analyze their impact by resolving identifiers in client programs and comparing their types with breaking changes. Moreover, we collect the first large-scale Go dataset with a dependency graph from GitHub, including 124K TPLs and 532K client programs. Based on the dataset, our results show that 86.3% of library upgrades follow SemVer compliance and 28.6% of no-major upgrades introduce breaking changes. Furthermore, the tendency to comply with SemVer has improved over time from 63.7% in 2018/09 to 92.2% in 2023/03. Finally, we find 33.3% of downstream client programs may be affected by breaking changes. These findings provide developers and users of TPLs with valuable insights to help make decisions related to SemVer.


Some literatures state that long-term rock strength can roughly be determined according to the maximum value of rock sample's bulk strain under uniaxial compression.In order to study the relationship between rock's bulk strain and long-term strength,the uniaxial compression tests on four sandstone samples have been carried out with the measurement of sample deformation in radial direction using a micrometer.The result shows that the curve of bulk strain-stress in axial direction is extremely irregular.Therefore,the long-term rock strength cannot be measured from the variation characteristics of bulk strain.


Krashen's input hypothesis is a very important concept in second language acquisition theory, which puts the emphasis on the two necessary conditions of the language learner, i.e. comprehensible input and a low or weak affective filter. The theory is also meaningful to formal instruction and can bring some helpful enlightenment to the reform of the existing formal instruction. 


Inversion of chromosome 16 (inv(16)) results in the reciprocal chromosomal rearrangement of the CBFB and MYH11 genes and it is the hallmark of malignant cells observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype M4Eo. Alterations of structure or expression of CEBPA - a key myeloid transcription factor - have been implicated in particular subtypes of AML. To investigate the effects of inv(16) on CEBPA we conditionally expressed inv(16) in U937 cells and found that CEBPA mRNA levels remained unchanged. However, CEBPA protein and binding activity were suppressed by 100% and 71%, respectively. In parallel, analysis of patients with inv(16) (n=12) as compared to normal karyotype AML M4 patients (n=6) showed that CEBPA protein and binding activity were significantly reduced (100% and 71.6%, respectively) whereas CEBPA mRNA levels remained similar. Calreticulin, an inhibitor of CEBPA translation, was induced on mRNA and on protein level in inv(16) AML patients as well as after conditional expression of inv(16) in a U937 cell system. Furthermore, inhibition of Calreticulin by siRNA powerfully restored CEBPA levels. Our results identify CEBPA as a key target gene of the leukemic fusion protein inv(16) and suggest that suppression of CEBPA by Calreticulin contributes to the differentiation block in AML with inv(16).


Providing researchers with insights into the complex world of cellular signalling, protein interactions are an increasingly important aspect of live cell research. Advanced developments in fluorescence proteins have enabled live cell microscopy to become an important tool in these studies. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), in particular, is a key technique for visualising protein interactions in living cells. In this article, FRET between cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is examined with particular reference to fast spectral detection and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM).


In this study, the studies carried out in the field of educational technologies in our country and the services provided will be discussed. It is expected that the study will contribute to the literature in this sense. Technology gradually provides convenience to mankind in many fields from the past to the present. From the most primitive periods to the present, we try alternative methods to facilitate our lives in all areas of our lives, and we try to apply these methods in different areas of our lives. The technical methods we have used, especially in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, have gained momentum and offer us practical and temporal fast solutions in many areas. In today's world, especially the enrichment and improvement of daily materials used in education, facilitates the work of both students and teachers, provides operability, convenience and stability in education. At the point we have reached today, especially in the last twenty years, as a result of the support and opportunities provided by the Internet and mass media, there has been a great acceleration in the educational community in terms of efficiency and permanence. Keywords: Education, Technology, Educational Technology


Let X = {X t , t ∈ [0,1]}, be the solution of the anticipating stochastic differential equation: X t = G+ ∫ t 0 δ(X s )odW s + ∫ t 0 b(X s )ds. Using the same methods as in ([1]), we prove the convergence of the classical approximation to X in Liouville's space.


ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to the study of the influence of metal ion isomorphous substitution on the ferroelastic-ferroelectric phase transition and dispersion caused by the motion of domain walls in dimethylammonium metal sulfate hexahydrate DMAAl1−xCrxS ferroelectric crystals (x = 0, 0.065, 0.2). It is shown that such a substitution significantly changes the phase transition temperature and parameters of the dielectric dispersion. These changes are explained in terms of interaction between the metal-hydrate complexes and DMA groups that carry the dipole moment and due to this they are responsible for the phase transitions and motion of the domain walls.


Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance was used to investigate the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with multicharged sulfated β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or 4-sulfonic calix[6]arene (C6S) immersed in 0.1 M KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2. The PPy films showed mixed ion exchange behavior in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 solutions, but the ion exchange behavior was more cationic in Mn(NO3)2. In all cases, ion pair formation was observed between cations from the electrolyte and the negatively charged sulfonate groups of the dopant anions. It was also observed that the PPy films became more swollen in Mn(NO3)2 solution than in the other electrolytes.


The problem of applying the maximum principle for finding an optimal control for the parameters in
simulation for a variety of engineering and industrial systems and processes is considered. The focus is on such
systems where the control of a system is difficult or practically impossible due to unknown model of system or
some other uncertainties in each particular case. The procedure is constructed that converges and allows
obtaining the approximation and optimal control of the system in a finite number of steps with a given
accuracy. The theorem about the procedure is proved and illustrative examples are given. Some features of the
application of the proposed algorithm to the real problems of simulation control are discussed like the optimal
number of points dividing the temporal interval and the tasks for future investigation


Summary The genus Trichospermum Blume as accepted here includes not only the groups formerly separated as Belotia and Halconia, but also Althoffia K. Schum. It is predominantly a Malesian genus, distributed from the Malay Peninsula to the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji and Samoa, the number of species being greatest in New Guinea and adjacent islands; there are at least three species in tropical America. The thick fibrous bark is much used for making rope and cord. The Old World species of Trichospermum, sensu lato, number thirty-six, of which sixteen (T. arachnoideum, buruensis, fauroensis, fletcheri, fosbergii, gracile, graciliflorum, grewioides, helotrichum, incaniopsis, ovatum, rhamnifolius, smithii, stellato-pilosum, subdehiscens and talaudensis) are described here for the first time; Althoffia ledermannii is renamed T. burretii; the species T. kajewskii is reduced to synonymy of T. psilocladum. Two new combinations are proposed: T. pleiostigma (F.v.M.) and T. tripyxis (K. Schum.). Bur...


This article reports on a joint translation project (France and Canada) of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard into French. We describe how the translation committee worked, explain the methodology, and present the measures taken to ensure that all contributing parties be satisfied with the end result. The article discusses problems that arose when dealing with translating specific instructions and examples that needed to be adapted (or changed) to the French context. Other sections report on technical and managerial challenges encountered. We conclude with "lessons learned" that will hopefully help others embarking on such a project.


Purpose : To investigate the usefulness of arthroscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of various hip disorders. Materials and Methods : From March 1995 to January 2000, we performed arthroscopy of the hip in a symptomatic 67 patients. There were 46 men and 21 women. Mean age was 40.7 years and mean follow-up was 33 months. Acetabular labral tears were found in 39 cases (59%), osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 12 cases (18%), synovitis in 4 cases (6%), and others in 12 cases. All patients were assessed with the Harris hip Score preoperatively and postoperatively at 6, and 12 months. JOA pain score and subjective satisfaction was also described. Results : The median score of HHS improved from 51.3 to 84.2. The success rate of operation was 70.9%. We excluded cases which converted to total hip arthroplasty after arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion : Hip arthroscopy is useful for diagnosis and treatment in painful hip diseases. In cases of moderate osteoarthritis and chronic synovitis, it gives temporary pain relief. In osteonecrosis of femoral head, arthroscopy has an adjunctive role in diagnosis and treatment.


New parallel computing architectures based on neuromorphic computing are needed due to their advantages over conventional computation with regards to real‐time processing of unstructured sensory data such as image, video, or voice. However, developing artificial neuromorphic system remains a challenge due to the lack of electronic synaptic devices, which can mimic all the functions of biological synapses with low energy consumption. Here it is reported that two‐terminal organometal trihalide perovskite (OTP) synaptic devices can mimic the neuromorphic learning and remembering process. Various functions known in biological synapses are demonstrated in OTP synaptic devices including four forms of spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP), short‐term plasticity (STP) and long‐term potentiation (LTP)), and learning‐experience behavior. The excellent photovoltaic property of the OTP devices also enables photo‐read synaptic functions. The perovskite synapse has the potential of low energy consumption of femto‐Joule/(100 nm)2 per event, which is close to the energy consumption of biological synapses. The demonstration of energy‐efficient OTP synaptic devices opens a new plausible application of OTP materials into neuromorphic devices, which offer the high connectivity and high density required for biomimic computing.


This paper analyzes and describes the variant configuration technology and its application after analyzing the mass customization production mode, and provide a basic implement scheme for carrying out variant configuration under the mass customization circumstance.


OF THE THESIS Examining Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Among Women Who Recieved Breast Cancer Screenings by Kelly Jo Schirmers Master of Public Health with a Concentration in Epidemiology San Diego State University, 2016 In the United States, according to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer in women with 1 in 8 lifetime probability of having breast cancer. An estimated 40,170 deaths in 2009 accounted for 15% of cancer fatalities in women. Incidence continues to rise as women age and minority populations increase. This study aimed to identify what breast cancer screening exams were utilized. Data from The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2010 from CDC, investigated trends in types of Breast Cancer screening exams; no screening, only clinical breast exam, only mammogram, or both exams in women 40 years and older. The study explored relationships of type of breast cancer screening exams by race/ethnicity, age, family history of breast cancer, educational attainment, health insurance, household income, region/geographical location, and visitation to one's doctor. In total 14,900 women reported about their breast cancer screening experience, 79.8% of women reported receiving some type of breast cancer screening exam. Using univariate and multivariate polychotomous logistic regression, women aged 60-69 had statistically significant odds of having only CBE, only mammogram, or both exams in OR = 10.2 (95% CI 6.46, 15.5), OR = 6.17 (95% CI 3.36, 10.2), OR = 8.04 (95% CI 4.84, 13.7) than women 70 years and older. With multivariate analysis significant associations between family history of breast cancer (p = 0.0144), health insurance (p = <0.0001), and visitation to one's doctor (p =<0.0001) were associated with being screened for breast cancer. Contrary to hypothesis, the final weighted model showed no significant differences between race/ethnicity and screening type. Interestingly, 10.2% of women with insurance neglected any screening type. In supporting Healthy People 2010 and 2020, this study will provide important research for future directions in the development and implementation of programs that influence and persuade women to receive breast cancer screening for early detection and control of breast cancer.


Abstract: The majority of patients with neurological impairment like Parkinson's Disease (PD) or stroke are affected by dysarthria. Dysarthria is a motor speech impairment which negatively affects speech dimensions such as articulation and loudness. This leads to reduced intelligibility, often hindering daily life communication. Intensive and prolonged speech training can increase patients' speech intelligibility. Unfortunately, interventions by speech therapists are generally provided only for a short period of time, while continuing practice is needed to maintain or improve intelligibility. eHealth applications might provide a solution. In our research, we explored whether it is possible to develop a game that is suitable for providing speech training in elderly patients with dysarthria due to PD or stroke. In the game, we developed, called Treasure Hunters, two players interact verbally to find the way to the treasure, while receiving automatic feedback on voice loudness and pitch. Participants played with our game in several sessions and generally appreciated it, hinting at our game's potential for speech training in elderly patients. In a within‐subjects experiment with five dysarthric patients, our game was compared to a non‐game computer‐based speech training system: e‐learning‐based Speech Therapy (EST). We focussed on three variables: speech intelligibility, user satisfaction and user preference. Substantial variability between participants was observed, in the outcomes of these three variables and their relations. We conclude that "one size that fits all" does not apply to computer‐based speech training, but a personalised approach is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Summary Periodicity of germination was studied in 26 species of grasses. Considerable variation from species to species was found in rapidity of germination, seasonal periodicity of germination, and length of time during which seed remained viable in the soil. The following are examples of species showing: (a) no dormancy–Hordeum murinum and Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea; (b) some dormancy—Festuca rubra var. commutata and Bromus mollis; and (c) definite dormancy—Agrostis temnuis and Glyceria fluitans. The results are discussed from the viewpoints of: (a) control of weed grasses; and (b) contamination of seed crops by buried viable seeds.


An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka in 1997 and 1998 with white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) varieties CVL-1 and CVE-3 to study the seed filling period and attainment of physiological maturity of white jute seeds and its effect on seed quality attributes. In white jute, physiological maturity of seed attains at 60 days after anthesis irrespective of variety and there was significant positive correlation between seed filling period and seed quality attributes. Seed filling period (SFP) and effective seed filling period (ESFP) were 36 and 21.2 days in both the varieties respectively. The single seed filling rate (SSFR) was 0.08 mg/seed/day and total seed sink filling rate (TSSFR) was 10.25 kg/ha/day in both the varieties also. A significant positive correlation among the seed attributes with the seedling dry weight, vigour and emergence percentage in both CVL-1 and CVE-3 indicated that germination percentage and emergence percentage influenced crop establishment.


Previous studies of the effects of classroom characteristics on educational outcomes have been concerned primarily with cognitive outcomes, such as academic achievement. In this paper we examine effects of classroom variables on children's social development. We argue that the way teachers group students for instructional purposes and their pedagogical techniques affect children's proximity and similarity within the classroom, and that these in turn affect their interpersonal relationships. We use longitudinal data from fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children to test several hypotheses predicting influences of instructional organization on the formation and stability of children's friendships. The findings provide evidence that selected classroom variables have a positive impact on the stability of children's existing friendships and on the likelihood that children become more friendly. The results also indicate that weak friendships are more easily influenced by classroom characteristics than close friendships.


Traditional ash fusion behavior is described by four characterization temperatures determined by shape of variation ash cone, cylinder or cubes. The results by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) describe the whole fusion process, which supports the better understanding of ash fusion process. However, the interaction between slags and crucible at high temperatures is the key factor on the accuracy of TMA measurement. In this work, the influence of interaction between slags and different crucible materials, including platinum (Pt), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), graphite (C), and molybdenum (Mo), on TMA results and its mechanism was investigated. The slag-crucible interaction includes the diffusion and reaction mechanisms, and the interaction with Al2O3 and ZrO2 crucible is controlled by the diffusion process of slags into crucible wall. Al2O3 crucible is as stable as Pt and has no obvious effect on ash fusion process due to its compact structure and stable crystal form. ZrO2 crucible becomes porous during ...


We propose very simple randomized algorithms to compute sparse overlay networks for geometric random graphs modelling wireless communication networks. The algorithms generate in constant time a sparse overlay network that, with high probability, is connected and spans the whole network. Moreover, by making use of the "power of choice" paradigm, the maximum degree can be made as small as O(log log n), where n is the size of the network. We show the usefulness of this kind of overlays by giving a new protocol for the classical broadcast problem, where a source is to send a message to the whole network. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach outperforms the well-known gossiping approach in all situations where the cost of a message can be charged to the pair (sender, receiver), i.e. to the edge connecting the two. This includes sensor networks.


This study presents a 53.6 GHz wideband direct injection-locked frequency divider (DILFD) using 65 nm CMOS technology. By operating a RF input transistor in subthreshold region and changing its forward body bias, the proposed DILFD achieves a 28.6 GHz (72%) locking range with 6.7 mW power consumption and 1 V supply voltage. When varying the supply voltage from 0.9 V to 1.1 V or its physical temperature from 253 K to 373 K, the measured locking range remains more than 22 GHz.


Editorial board of the journal informs authors about the retraction of the article Short-Term Results of Two Strategies in Thoracoscopic Ablation for Lone Atrial Fibrillation published in Journal of Clinical Practice 13(3) 2022 by A.S. Zotov, O.Yu. Pidanov, I.S. Osmanov, A.V. Troitsky, A.A. Silaev, E.R. Sakharov, V.N. Sukhotin, O.O. Shelest, R.I. Khabazov, D.A. Timashkov.
The reason for the retraction is the publication ethics violation in terms of authorship criteria. Not all authors whose names appear on the article made substantial contributions to the study drafted/revised the manuscript and approved the version to be published. Moreover, not all the all authors whose names appear on the published article agree to be accountable for all aspects of the article.
Retraction made on January 09, 2023 with approve from the Editor-in-Chief.


REPORT OF A CASE On Jan. 9, 1945, Mr. M. D., aged 64, complained of pain in his left ear. For three days he took sulfadiazine, prescribed by his family physician, and the pain disappeared. One week later there was spontaneous discharge from the left ear, and again sulfadiazine was given. He felt well and continued his daily work in a defense factory. Suddenly, on January 23, he complained of severe pain in his left ear and intense headache. He had a chill, vomited and became confused. His temperature rose to 104 F. He was admitted to the otologic service of the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, on January 24. Physical Examination .—On admission he was a pale, toxic, sick, old-looking man who showed marked restlessness and confusion. He could not state where he was nor could he comprehend questions. The left drum membrane was thick, red and swollen, with no


Abstract The definition of the functions and duties of the Secretary‐General under the Charter of the United Nations would often seem to be unreal when considered against the hard realities of international politics which the four incumbents of this position had to face in the 29 years of the Organisation. The Secretary‐General is the only organ of the UN continuously in "session", the only diplomat not dependent on instructions. The political power which he exercises is qualitatively very different from that wielded by other politicians. To a certain extent the Secretary‐General's strength lies in the fact that he is powerless, hence he cannot act on behalf of a particular political group. As such he is actually the confidant of every single member state. To date each of the four Secretaries‐General in the history of the UN has had his own particular interpretation of and approach to his task and function. The dispute between the UN and South Africa on the latter's internal policies since 1946, is one of...


Amino acid levels in sticky rice tape are still relatively low, while amino acids themselves are food substances for body growth. Pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain. This enzyme is one of the protease enzymes that can hydrolyze protein, therefore it can increase amino acid levels. This study aims to determine the increase in amino acid levels in black sticky rice tape with the addition of pineapple juice and to determine the effect of adding pineapple juice to amino acid levels in black sticky rice tape. In the process of making black sticky rice tape, 25 ml 50 ml of pineapple juice was added per 500 grams each, while one treatment did not add pineapple juice as a control. Black glutinous rice that has been fermented for 2-3 days was tested for increased levels of amino acids by using visible light spectrophotometry. The sample of black glutinous tape without the addition of pineapple juice obtained an average content of 4.73%, on the sample of black glutinous tape with the addition of 25 ml of pineapple juice the average content obtained was 6.50%, and the sample of black sticky rice tape with the addition of 50 ml pineapple juice the average level obtained was 7.76% and gave the effect of increasing amino acid levels on black sticky rice tape.


Aim: Promoting physical activity participation as part of the support of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is important for the functioning of people with PIMD and their participation in daily activities. However, people with PIMD hardly participate in physical activities. Evidence-based interventions specifically designed for, or adapted to, people with PIMD in this field are scarce. To date, practice alone has led to the development and implementation of interventions to promote physical activity participation among people with PIMD. This study investigated and evaluated the use of these interventions. Method: A convenience sample of support professionals (n > 30)completed a questionnaire about the physical activity interventions offered in their organisation. Subsequently, they were interviewed to assess the effectiveness of these interventions based on a fixed format. Results: An overview of provided interventions and their potential effectiveness will bepresented. Conclusions: This study will increase our knowledge on the quality and potential of different interventions aimed at physical activity participation among people with PIMD possibly affecting several domains of human functioning.


In order to reduce environment pollution from the use of chemical pesticides and maintain ecological balance,the technology of controlling rice leaf roller by artificial release Trichogramma was carried out in 2011.The results showed that the test fields of artificial release Trichogramma obtained control efficiency of 77% and achieved a better control effect.


Atmospheric dispersion models are routinely used to estimate the impacts of a proposed development project on the air quality of the surrounding area. These models generally assume straight-line air flow from the emission source to the receptors of interest, and use meteorological data which are representative of the area. However, if the project is located in an urban setting with the receptors of interest in close proximity to the source, traditional models are inapplicable because airflow trajectories are complex and not characteristic of meteorological conditions at an airport several miles away. This paper discusses a methodology which was used to estimate the impacts of diesel train exhausts on the indoor air quality of an adjacent 16-story office building. The elements of this study included a 60-day monitoring program for ambient air quality, meteorology, and odor levels, to characterize present conditions, and a tracer study using sulfur hexafluoride gas to estimate the likely impacts of the project. This methodology can be applied to similar urban development projects, with modifications to suit the specific application.


To optimize the processing conditions of vitamin E combined by crude- extracted β- lactoglobulin,the effects of quality ratio,magnetic stirring time and heat- shock temperature on the combined process were studied by single factor test.And based on the single factor test,a Box- Behnken Center- combined experiment involving three factors and three levels was designed and analysed by response surface methodology.It was indicated that the best processing conditions of vitamin E combined by crude- extracted β- lactoglobulin were as follows: the quality ratio 19∶1,Magnetic stirring time 49 min,heat- shock temperature 72 ℃.And under the conditions,the actual combined rate of vitamin E can reach up to( 68.5 ± 0.98) % which was consistent with the theoretical combined rate68.98%,it was proved that the fit of the model was good and the above optimized processing conditions were stable and reliable.The solubility of β- Lg- VEwas so great that it can be used widely in food industry.


A double tapered non-linear transmission line based on monolithic Schottky diodesconnected bycoplanar waveguide sections isproposed forsecond harmonic generation. Asaresult, thedouble tapering improves the frequency doubling efficiency ofthestructure incomparison with both, thesingle tapered oneandtheuniform non-linear transmission line.


Privatization can mean various things, like shifting from the public sector to the private sector. Since privatizing assets is essentially a sale to creators, the well-being will be redistributed to taxpayers, stockholders and workers. This information as a positive supplement for the conventional analysis of applied welfare economy. In both the developed and the developing economies, privatization was an important component of structural reform programs. This form of plan, by cutting excessive incentives, aims to improve microeconomic performance and stimulate economic growth and reducing government debt requirements. Empirical evidence corroborates the hypothesis, in that privatization boosts both competitive and monopoly income and effectiveness, but in this latter field the effect is lower. In addition to the portion that is clarified by rises in production which are their competitive power, complete privatisation has a stronger effect than partial privatisation and monopoly industries. For the architects of regulatory policies, this presents a major challenge, particularly in monopoly sectors. There is an ambiguous change in jobs at company level, although companies traded publicly show a real increase in employment levels after privatization. Some conclusive evidence can be taken from macroeconomic viewpoints, but patterns are positive with regard to deficit of the public sector, attractiveness of foreign direct investments and capitalization on the stock market. The challenges to successful privatization include corporate governance problems following privatization and legal changes in shareholders security.


The isoelectric point of the skin collagen,which will be shifted during the treatment of acid,alkali and tanning agents,is an essential foundation to prepare a leather making procedure.The methods to determine the isoelectric point of collagen and leather were reviewed in the paper.It is a new aspect to understand the mechanism of tanning chemistry from the isoelectric point.


The problem of recognising single sparsely located scatterers against the noise background in the image obtained by the method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is considered. An identification method based on the use of specific scanning features upon OCT image registration and on the statistical analysis of image fragments is proposed. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated experimentally in the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. The approach can be used in the development of automated algorithms for determining the presence of highly transparent effusion in the middle ear cavity of a human with acute otitis media with effusion, including postoperative one.


Stable nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) treated by concentrated acid and mechanical mill technology have been prepared. Water, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and silicone oil were used as base fluids. The rheological behaviors of the obtained nanofluids with different MWNT volume fractions and at different temperatures were investigated in details. The glycerol based and silicone oil based fluids behave Newtonian manner in all studied MWNT volume fractions and temperatures. The dispersant hexamethyldisiloxane added in silicone oil decreases the silicone oil viscosity but has no effect on the rheological properties of nanofluids. For the water based nanofluids, MWNTs act as lubricative function when the MWNT volume fraction is lower. Furthermore, for the ethylene glycol based and glycerol based fluid, almost no viscosity augmentation appears when the temperature is higher than 55°C.


The talanoa reported in this paper explores the way the Manalagi Project – recently funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand – has been designed to empower the health and wellbeing of our Pacific Rainbow LGBTIQA+ MVPFAFF communities. Community-driven, co-designed and embedded, the Manalagi Project adopts a Pacific-centred holistic approach to wellbeing and research. Positioned at the beginning of its community consultation phase, this talanoa between the two lead researchers, one who is an academic and the other a community practitioner, documents the genealogy of the project embedded in lived experiences and relationality through talanoa. It speaks to the importance and timeliness of the project; the suitability of the research team; and intervenes in conversations around how we can activate Pacific research methodologies and praxis to empower our communities to achieve their health and wellbeing aspirations. The findings from this talanoa demonstrate the criticality in adopting intersectional approaches to understanding the differentiated and contextualised health and wellbeing needs of diverse Pacific communities.


It will serve great significance in promoting the living environment for the people if they adopt new techniques to reduce the amount of tail gas for automobiles because the gas seriously pollutes the environment. Discussion is made on the control techniques for diesel from the improvement of auto fuel quality, the adoption of engine purified technology, the post-disposal of exhaust and gas substitutes. Finally this paper introduces the applied situations of diesel exhaust control techniques and the prospect.


Protein kinase RNA activated (PKR) is a crucial mediator of anti-viral responses but is reported to be activated by multiple non-viral stimuli. However, mechanisms underlying PKR activation, particularly in response to bacterial infection, remain poorly understood. We have investigated mechanisms of PKR activation in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection resulted in potent activation of PKR that was dependent on TLR4 and MyD88 signalling. NADPH oxidase was dispensable for activation of PKR as cells from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients, or mice that lack NADPH oxidase activity, had equivalent or elevated PKR activation. Significantly, stimulation of cells with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents resulted in potent activation of PKR that was blocked by an inhibitor of IRE1a RNAse activity. Crucially, infection resulted in robust IRE1a RNAse activity that was dependent on TLR4 signalling and inhibition of IRE1a RNAse activity prevented PKR activation. Finally, we demonstrate that TLR4/IRE1a mediated PKR activation is required for the enhancement of interferon-b production following C. trachomatis infection. Thus, we provide evidence of a novel mechanism of PKR activation requiring ER stress signalling that occurs as a consequence of TLR4 stimulation during bacterial infection and contributes to inflammatory responses. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


Several correlation criteria used in the analysis of inelastic hadronic interactions are considered. It is shown that recent experimental results on particle correlations confirm the multicluster mechanism of such processes.


Jocelyn Olcott's study provides a rich analysis of women's understanding and practice of political rights and their fight for suffrage in 1930s Mexico. Her work explores the reasons behind legislators' refusal to enact the universal suffrage law for two decades. In the late 1930s, women's political activism to gain full citizenship by casting their votes led to the ratification of the universal suffrage law. However, the law was not published in the congressional record until 1953, thus preventing its implementation. As a result, women were not able to make their opinion known through the ballot box until the 1958 federal election. Nevertheless, Olcott argues that women experienced 'revolutionary citizenship' in various ways, inhabiting citizenship 'less as a collection of specific laws and exclusions than as a set of social, cultural, and political processes' (p.6) The author shows the different ways in which women lived citizenship and how gender was defined and transformed. In the introduction, Olcott lays out the central ideological debates over women's participation in the political realm and discusses the historiography on women drawing from the Mexican and the US experience. According to the historiography of post-revolutionary Mexico (1920s and 1930s), state officials feared women's allegiance to the Catholic Church which could result in a reversion to a prerevolutionary government. But Olcott reveals that the process was far more complex. Detractors of women's suffrage argued that either women would redefine politics or that they would be transformed by political participation and become 'masculinised'. Women's place was deemed to be the home, but public decisions were also impacting private life, as women themselves argued. Women used the tenets that defined them as homemakers, self-sacrificing, caring and honest, in their fight for political inclusion and underscored that they would generate less-fraudulent and more family-oriented governments. Women's petitions frequently asked for material improvements that would benefit their families such as schools, mechanised corn-mills and nurseries. But they also asked for recognition and appreciation as political actors. The book concentrates on the long government of Lázaro Cárdenas from then time he took office as governor of Michoacan to when he left Mexico's presidency (1928– 40). President Cárdenas carried out the most extensive land reform, nationalised the petroleum industry, and implemented a socialist education programme that endorsed his revolutionary credentials. Olcott reflects about women's political involvement and role during the Cárdenas's administration. Women demanded political and labour rights, welfare benefits and religious freedom by taking part in social mobilisations and collective organisations, hence participating in revolutionary citizenship. State officials considered women to be responsible for transforming Mexican society as they


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Quenched Randomness, the Imry-Ma theorem, and Topology THOMAS PROCTOR, EUGENE CHUDNOVSKY, DMITRY GARANIN, Lehman College of the City University of New York — In 1975, Imry and Ma made the analytical prediction that an exchange model in d dimensions under the influence of a weak random field of strength hr will have a correlation length of Rf ∝ h − 2 4−d r . However, numerical results since then have not given strong support to this analytical result. In our numerical studies, we have found that models that support topological structures, such as vortices or skyrmions, show spin states that have hysteresis, are highly dependent on initial conditions, and do not follow Imry-Ma prediction. Meanwhile, models that do not support these topological structures follow the Imry-Ma prediction, implying that the Imry-Ma state is not reached because of topological effects. These findings have implications for random magnets and flux lattices. Thomas Proctor Lehman College of the City University of New York Date submitted: 13 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


Studies on the haemolymph of Penaeus indicus.
The f i r s t Chapter deals with the biochemical
constituents of the haemolymph, the second includes electrophoretic chara- cterization of proteins in the haemolymph and the third Chapter deals with
haemocyte identification and classification.


Since the major revision 2 of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), activity diagrams have acquired many new features, e.g. hierarchy, data flow and signals. Thus, UML 2 activity diagrams are one of the most versatile formalisms, and can be applied in different domains. Activity diagrams are supported by a number of tools enabling for instance the execution of activity models. Based on the domain these tools have specific requirements and need an adequate interpretation of the informal UML semantics. Wepropose a foundation for a frameworkwhich enables composition of operational semantics out of fundamental semantic constructs. These constructs provide options for domain specific variants. As an example, we introduce two different tool developments based on particular operational semantics composed by our approach. One tool focuses on the modeling of information systems whereas the other tool is aimed at the modeling of reactive systems.


Subject/Topic This article deals with the development of international cooperation between Turkey and Russia, the analysis of the state of the tourist markets of Turkey and Russia, as well as the main objectives of cooperation. In the context of the state of the economy in recent years, trade policy between Turkey and Russia depends on a number of political, economic and socio-demographic factors. The crisis affected all sectors of the economy, including tourism and agriculture. Goals/Objectives The purpose of the article is a qualitative and quantitative justification of the development of interstate economic relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation. Determination of prospects for the development of economic projects in the framework of cooperation between the two countries in the international arena. Hypothesis The development of the tourism industry of each state depends on the state of economic and political relations between the States and the current geopolitical role. Methodology The methodology of this study includes methods of system, situational and economic analysis, forecasting, analysis of empirical data and expert assessments. Conclusion and Relevance The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state of domestic tourism in Turkey, as well as a factor analysis of the tourism industry over the past few years. The assessment of the results of interstate cooperation in the field of projects between Russia and Turkey is given, the most priority directions of development of these projects are revealed. Effective management of tourism development projects will stimulate economic growth and improve the welfare of the two countries. Keywords: Russia, Turkey, cooperation, tourism, business, international projects. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-05-07


In this paper,a monovalent ion selective cation exchange membrane was prepared by electrodeposition method using modified 2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl ammonium propyl chitosan and commercial homogeneous base membrane.Moreover,the effects of preparing conditions on selective separation performance of the membrane were discussed,including the modified chitosan concentration,electrodeposition time and cross-linking system.The characterizations of cation exchange membrane(CEM) were also measured by using various analytical means.The results indicate that the effects of monovalent ion selective CEM on separating monovalent and multi-valent ions are obvious and electrostatic repulsion is the main reason to explain the selective separation performance.


Reflections on Seattle, Renato Ruggiero The WTO after Seattle, Jeffrey J. Schott The US Interest in New Global Trade Negotiations, C. Fred Bergsten The EU Approach to a New Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Hugo Paemen Japanese Interests and Objectives, Hisamitsu Arai Developing Countries and WTO Negotiations, Rubens Ricupero Developing Countries and a Development Round, Jayshree Watal Developing Country Perspectives, A.V. Ganesan and Jayshree Watal Agriculture and the Next WTO Round, Tim Josling Toward a More Balanced and Comprehensive Services Agreement, Bernard Hoekman Intellectual Property Issues for the New Round, Keith E. Maskus Antidumping and Safeguards, Patrick A. Messerlin Getting Beyond No...! Promoting Worker Rights and Trade, Kimberly A. Elliott Trade, Competition, and the WTO Agenda, Edward M. Graham Investment Issues, Theodore H. Moran Trade and the Environment, Daniel Esty Electronic Commerce in the World Trade Organization, Catherine L. Mann and Sarah Cleeland Knight Dispute Settlement, John H. Jackson Decision-Making in the WTO, Jeffrey J. Schott and Jayshree Watal.


Introduction General Remarks Preparations and Properties Kinetic Studies Hydroboration Synthesis of Alcohols Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids Synthesis of Esters Synthesis of Nitriles Synthesis of (E) -b ,g - Unsaturated amides Synthesis of Amines Synthesis of Halides Synthesis of Dialkylsulfides Synthesis of Thiophene oligomeres Synthesis of Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes Synthesis of Borinanes Synthesis and Transformation of Butterflyboranes Synthesis of a - Bromoboranes Synthesis of Borinates Synthesis and Transformation of Polymers Synthesis of alkali metal 9- boratabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane Synthesis of B - R - 9 - BBN not available via hydroboration Synthesis of unsaturated compounds Reduction AsymmetricReduction Cleavage of Ethers Trans - Metalation Separations of isomers Diels - Alder reaction Suzuki Reaction Miscellaneous


The occurrence of multiple harmonics between the harmonics of the natural f0 in modal and high registers has been described in previous work (Buhr and Keating, 1977). The present study explores the claim that such "doubling" occurs at the extreme ranges of modal register in infants and children, and that its occurrence is associated with production "instability" at these ranges. Spectral and waveform analysis tend to support this claim. Furthermore, waveform analysis of utterances in which "doubling" is occurring suggests that this instability may be inherent in the phonation of infants and children, but not in adults, except under certain circumstances. The predictability of this phenomenon will also be discussed.


Heterostructures of metal nanoparticles and semiconductors are widely studied for their unique properties. However, few reports are available on the heterostructure of metal nanoclusters and semiconductors. In the present study, a heterostructure, in which gold nanoclusters selectively locate at ZnS quantum rod (QR) tips, was fabricated using a two-step solvothermal route. The composition, intrinsic crystallography, and junction of the prepared heterostructure were thoroughly investigated, and it was observed to exhibit novel luminescent behaviours. By comparison with the individual components of ZnS QRs and gold clusters, the resultant heterostructure shows an enhanced exciton emission and complete depression of defect emission for the ZnS component, and a pronounced red emission for the gold nanocluster component. The mechanism of these properties and the charge transfer between gold nanoclusters and ZnS QRs were also explored. The size and location of gold in the heterostructure were also controlled during synthesis to study their effects on the luminescence.


The interaction of nanoscale NaCl particles with 193-nm photons is studied to better understand particle disintegration and production by ultraviolet photofragmentation. The particles are irradiated in a constrained air stream with laser fluences from 0.08to0.23J∕cm2 with single and multiple pulses striking the particles. The resulting particle size distributions are measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer and the morphology is analyzed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photofragmentation of NaCl particles at 193nm produces gas-phase species as well as small solid-phase fragments without significantly heating the particles or creating a plasma. The irradiated particles have a mean diameter from 20to55nm (depending on the photon energy) and a number concentration an order of magnitude higher than the 118-nm mean diameter nonirradiated particles. The SEM images before and after 193-nm irradiation reveal that the irradiated particles are less fractal and more spherical.


--- Cloud computing promises can have several attractive remunerations for business and end users with their future of Collaborative cloud computing. CCC platform interconnects physical resources then enable resource sharing connection between the clouds and provides an essential view of a tremendous amount of resources. If it has two main issues of resource & reputation management might be addressed together at that time they don't sufficiently efficient or effective. When the previous CCC platform enhances the "Harmony" Method it integrates the resource & reputation management in a partition mode within a single node or multiple nodes. Harmony corporate the key resource innovations, when this multi Qos demands might be time-consuming factors and it can raise some disturbances due to resource sharing time. We propose comprehensive solutions of resource sharing and integrated with log records in every node. By using load prediction algorithm We can explore optimal time period for every node, can store node reputations in virtual machines, calculates load factor and capacity of virtual machines. By using prediction algorithm we provide more security for user's data and captures future usage results of Virtual Machines.


Endometriosis remains one of the most topical diseases in current gynecology and is a multifactorial condition with an overgrowth of tissue morphologically and functionally similar to the endometrium outside the uterine cavity. One of the most frequently diagnosed forms of endometriosis is endometrioid ovarian cysts. An important feature of the clinical course of ovarian endometriosis is its negative impact on reproductive function and the recurrent nature of the disease, which may require repeated surgeries with even greater damage to the ovarian tissue. Therefore, the development of a long-term drug treatment strategy for patients with a history of endometrioid cysts aimed at preventing recurrences is urgently needed. According to domestic and foreign clinical guidelines, progestagen hormone therapy is recommended as first-line therapy for such patients. One of the most clinically studied drugs with a favorable efficacy and safety profile proven in numerous studies is dienogest. The paper presents the experience of foreign and domestic authors in conservative therapy in patients with a history of endometrioid cysts using dienogest in terms of recurrence prophylaxis.


Based on the theory of Turn Conversion,materials from "Interview with YANG Lan" and "Date with LU Yu" are analyzed from the angles of the possession of Turns and speech interruptions.Results show that the 2 hosts use different rules of discourse,and the differences conform to the positioning of the programs.


Effects of different substituent groups in 3,3-disubstituted oxetane monomer on the condense state of its homopolymer were analyzed. The energetic oxetane-based binder will be liquid when two substituent groups are different at 3,3-place of oxetane. It was pointed out that introduction of cyano group into chain of the energetic binder could improve mechanical properties of solid propellant with it.


For estimation of runoff especially for urban areas short duration rainfalls are necessary. However especially in developing countries like India availability of short duration rainfalls is scarce and data available is mostly for daily rainfall data. In such cases determination of design rainfall is becoming an approximation and thus leading to frequent failure of drainage network and subsequent floods. In the absence of short duration rainfall data[1], data is generated for short durations like 1hr, 2hr, 3-hr, 6-hr and 12-hr rainfall values were obtained using an Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) empirical reduction formula is used in the absence of observed data (t-hour rainfall). Frequency analysis was then carried out to establish Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships. In the present study an attempt has made to find the difference of intensity of rainfalls obtained from observed data and derived data by taking Imphal rainfall data which is available for 15 min time interval.


The liming effect on the remediation of the acidified soil was discussed experimentally by using the acidified soil in the Rokko Mountains. By the liming operation, the base saturation (BS) in both O layer soil and A layer soil were recovered. The recovery rate of the BS in the O layer soil is lager than that of the A layer soil, because the lime was added on the O layer soil surface and the added calcium was sorbed mainlyon the O layer soil before reaching to the A layer soil set under the O layer soil in the experimental column. Theliming leached out the magnesium ion previously absorbed in the soil, but the pH in the breakthrough solution kept its influent value. I developed the mathematical model for evaluation of liming effect. The simulation results fitwell with the experimental data: those phenomena mentioned above was well reproduced especially on the calcium sorption in O layer soil and no change in pH in soil column effluent.


The present invention relates to an Yanhuning injection and its preparation method. Said invention provides a solution type Yanhuning injection, at the same time provides an Yanhuning infusion preparation which has no need of dilution and can be directly used for intravenous injection Besides, said invention also provides their preparation method.


theory explaining the motivation and actions of Augustus (as I shall for convenience call him throughout) in 28 and 27 B.C. Its purpose is rather to introduce or re-introduce into a still lively discussion materials for such a theory that have hitherto been either misused or not used at all. The inspiration—I choose this word advisedly—for this undertaking is derived ultimately from the teaching of C. E. ('Tom') Stevens, proximately from the publi cation of a Festschrift in his honour.1 Other tasks prevented me from participating scholastically in that richly deserved tribute, so I hope that this note may both serve to mark my pietas and to make a few more pearls of 'Stephanine doctrine' available to a wider public than those privileged to have been his pupils. The vitality of the discussion about Augustus' first 'settlement' can be gauged from the recent appearance of articles by estimable scholars claiming to provide fresh solutions to old problems or suggesting that what have seemed to be problems are not so at all if they are only looked at in the right way.2 Yet for all its liveliness there appears to me to be a serious flaw in the terms in which the discussion is now framed. There is too much von Ranke, as it were, not enough Beloch. For as historians 'wir sollen erkennen, nicht nur wie es eigentlich gewesen ist [the dictum of Ranke] sondern warum es so gekommen ist und so hat kommen miissen'.3 I have had occasion to criticise elsewhere in this journal a similar abnega tion of 'what since Herodotus has been the primary function and responsibility of the historian stricto sensu, explanation'.4 I trust that this abnegation is not symptomatic of an incipient trend in the historiography of ancient Rome.