The characterization of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TEs) was conducted in bulk precipitation samples collected in an urban area of Croatia (Zagreb center), from January 2009 to October 2011 (N = 31). Characterization of OM was performed by measurement of dissolved (DOC) and particulate forms of organic carbon (POC), as well as surface-active substances, copper complexing capacity and reduced sulfur species which were determined electrochemically. Concentrations of TEs (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ba, Mn, Cu, Sr, Ti, Pb, V, Ni, Rb, Sb, As, Sn, Se, Co, Cd, Mo) were analyzed by HR ICP-MS. The most important outcome of this study is confirmed relatively low concentrations of DOC (0.69–4.86 mgC L−1) and TEs. Daily fluxes of Zn, Pb, Ni, As, and Cd were two to three times lower than that of those reported for an urban industrial site in Europe. Additionally, this study shows that the value and reactivity of rainwater DOC has not considerably changed if compared with the results from the 1998–1999 study (0.78–4.39 mgC L−1). High traffic density and thermal power plants are assumed to be the main local sources of pollutants in Zagreb. Using Al as a reference element, it was found that Cd, Sb, and Cu were associated with anthropogenic sources. The solubility of Sr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, and Rb was higher than 70%. Another critical characteristic of precipitation composition is episodic variation in POC concentration because of Saharan dust transport. Obtained data can be valuable for environmental quality assessment, as well as for insight into atmospheric deposition processes.


Certain pharmacological effects of cytoflavin were investigated in the patients presenting with chronic generalized periodontitis. The inclusion of this agent in the combined treatment of the disease leads to a decrease of the severity of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. This effect of cytoflavin is to a large extent attributable to its ability to modulate the functional and metabolic state of erythrocytes. It was shown that cytoflavin promotes restoration of the phospholipid bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane due to the reduction of phospholipase A2 activity. Moreover, the product eliminates effects of oxidative stress.


Summary The Author describcs in Gonostoma denudatum the respiratory supplementary lamina, which are not carried by the gills, but by the lateral-ventral sides of the tongue-trunk. He describes also the vascularization of the same lamina by means of afferent and efferent laminar arteries, which are collected respectively to the afferent and efferent arteries of the gills.


Abstract In this proceeding, we will briefly review our recent progress on implementing deep learning to relativistic hydrodynamics. We will demonstrate that a successfully designed and trained deep neural network, called stacked U-net , can capture the main features of the non-linear evolution of hydrodynamics, which also rapidly predicts the final profiles for various testing initial conditions.


Conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes for dual inverter fed drive synthesise the reference voltage as a switched average of minimum three voltage vectors from individual inverters. As a result, the number of transitions in the inverter increases. This paper introduces a family of PWM methods, where the reference voltage is synthesised as a switched average of only two voltage vectors from individual inverter. This leads to simultaneous clamping of two phases, thus reducing the number of switching transitions in the inverter. The concept and realisation of the proposed PWM are discussed and compared with conventional bus clamping PWM methods on the basis of inverter power loss and common mode voltage generation. The proposed PWM is experimentally validated on an open end winding induction motor drive operating with open loop control. Synchronised carrier modulation is considered for PWM generation.


A chaotic PSO algorithm of adaptive parameter strategy was proposed.In this method,an adaptive strategy of acceleration coefficients was incorporated into PSO algorithm to keep balance between global search and local search,meanwhile large scale initial population from which well-distributed initial population was chosen to improve quality of particles was generated in the solution space with ergodicity of chaos and chaotic perturbation based on fitness variance of population was utilized to avoid the particles being trapped into local convergence to improve precision in the search.The flight controller parameters were optimized using this method.The simulation results show that the optimal design of flight control system parameters can solve efficiently and the design efficiency is greatly increased with this method.


Regarding medical emergencies, physicians exclusively deal with seriously ill patients suffering from advanced, progressive, and chronic diseases, where the diagnostic and therapeutic approach becomes simultaneous. Sometimes with a very wide range of possibilities that lead to a greater complexity when identifying if the patient is in the last phase of life. Thus, there is a risk of falling into therapeutic obstinacy or disinterest leaving aside the main objective of ensuring the comfort of these patients. In response to this need, our work team carried out an algorithm that aims to integrate palliative care to the emergency service, by identifying end-of-life patients, in addition to implementing management proposals for each stage thereof.


Microwave irradiation was used in the catalytic synthesis of fructone from ethyl acetoacetate and ethanenol using nanometer Y2O3 as a catalyst.The influence of microwave irradiation power,microwave irradiation time,mol ratio of ethanenol to ethyl acetoacetate,and the dosage of the catalyst on the reaction was investigated.The optimmn reaction conditions determined through orthogonal design were as follows: microwave irradiation power was 400 W,microwave irradiation time 9 minutes,the mol ratio of ethanenol to ethyl acetoacetate was 1.2∶1 and the dosage of the catalyst was 2.0 g.Under the optimum reaction conditions the yield of fructone was above 95 %.In summary,the microwave technique promotes the synthesis of fructone with high yield and convenient operation and has extensive utilization.


The Na capacity of bulk GDY goes up to 1237 mA h g−1 and is approximately 35 times higher than that of graphite.


This paper describes a new transmit signal for millimeter wave automotive collision warning radar applications. The signal provides high range resolution and has good anti-interference capabilities. The paper also presents a trial and error approach algorithm for detecting multi-targets as well as eliminating false targets.


COVID-19, which affects the whole world, has affected people, societies and human relations throughout the process. The COVID-19 pandemic both limited people's social lives and changed the perspective of people who carry the virus. Anxiety, fear, haste, loneliness, worry were the most common emotions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how social warnings affect people, the effects of death risk due to the disease, the side effects of the drugs used on behavior change, and the underlying factors. 189 cases were included in the study. The study was designed in the style of a 20-question questionnaire on the effects of covid-19 and treatment options on the behavior pattern. The responses were evaluated and interpreted as percentages. Variables on family and social behavior related to anxiety, fear, panic, and loneliness caused by COVID-19 and the drugs used in its treatment were observed. Negative effects of COVID-19 were observed in family and community relations. COVID-19 has caused psychological and sociological changes in interpersonal and social behaviors all over the world. There are differences in behavioral patterns among societies. In Turkish society, behavioral changes arising from the characteristic and patriarchal characteristics of the society have been observed. A more detailed assessment of the effects of COVID-19 and subsequent pandemics on the individual and society remains important.


Analysis of the pH–rate profiles for the hydrolysis of 4-methyl-2-(N-phenylimino)-1,3-dioxolane (1) and 2-[N-(p-fluorophenyl) imino]-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (2) together with product distribution of compounds (1)–(5) and pK values estimated for the various ionic forms T0, T+, T±, and T– of the tetrahedral intermediates, enables the determination of the reactivity of the tetrahedral intermediates along their reaction pathways, At pH 11 the only product produced is the hydroxycarbamate (C–O fission)via its anionic intermediate T–. Mono- and gemdimethyl substituted iminocarbonates T– undergo two modes of ring-opening. Employing MNDO/H calculations the relative stability (ΔHF) of the intermediates and their formed products was predicted and correlated with actual experimental product distribution.


To analyse the mortality associated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients previously diagnosed with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).


Infective endocarditis [IE] is an uncommon but life-threatening complication resulting from bacteremia, bacteria in the blood stream. Dental procedures can induce bacteremia, so it is essential to give prophylactic antibiotics for patients with cardiac disease who are at risk of developing infective endocarditis. In this article the current recommendations for dentists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis as per American heart association 2007 revised guidelines is presented. In addition to summary of the indications for prophylaxis, information is provided on the conditions for which prophylaxis is not recommended.


Background: Nephrolithiasis is a global health problem that is growing exponentially in the developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) and its association with nutrient adequacy in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 male patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. The validity and reliability of dietary intake was assessed by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, the five food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairy products) were used to determine the DDS. The nutrient adequacy ratio and the mean adequacy ratio were calculated using the Recommended International Standards.
Results: The mean of the body mass index of the participants was 27.49 ± 4.01 kg/m2. Mean of the total DDS was also 5.62 ± 1.29. Participants in the highest DDS tertile had higher energy and fat intake than those in the lowest tertile (P-trend < 0.05). The highest and lowest DDS were observed in the fruit and vegetable groups: 1.58 ± 0.53 and 0.91 ± 0.29, respectively. The total DDS had a positive correlation with the adequacy of energy intake and macronutrients including protein and fats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the total DDS and the mean adequacy ratio (P < 0.01, r = 0.2).
Conclusion: The findings showed that patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone did not have an appropriate level of total DDS (DDS < 6), indicating that they did not receive diverse nutrients.


Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of subclinical-dose 12C6+-beam irradiation on cell cycle and cell apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells. Materials and methods The HepG2 cells were exposed to 0–2.0 Gy of either the 12C6+ beam or a &ggr;-ray. Cell survival was detected by clonogenic assay. Cell cycle was determined by flow-cytometry analysis. The apoptosis was monitored by fluorescence microscope with DAPI staining. p53 and p21 expression were detected by Western blot. Results The G0/G1 cells in the irradiated groups were significantly more than those in the control (P<0.05). The 12C6+-ion irradiation had a greater effect on the cell cycle of HepG2 cells (including promoting G1-phase and G2-phase arrest) than &ggr;-ray irradiation. The apoptotic cells induced by 12C6+ beam were significantly more numerous than those induced by &ggr;-ray (P<0.05). The carbon ions had a stronger effect on p53 and p21 expression than the &ggr;-ray irradiation. The survival fractions for cells irradiated by 12C6+ beam were significantly smaller than those irradiated by &ggr;-ray (P<0.05). Conclusion The subclinical-dose 12C6+-beam irradiation significantly suppresses HepG2 cells through cell-cycle arrests and cell apoptosis in contrast to same-dose &ggr;-ray irradiation.


Most scholars use fixed-length sample to ECG abnormalities based on MIT-BIH dataset, which lead to information loss. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for ECG abnormality detection based on TSH-L method. The TSH-L method include:(1) Use the 3R ECG sample selection method to select ECG samples.(2) Extract multi-domain combination features including time-domain features, frequency domain features and time-frequency domain features.(3) LSTM is used for classification, and the algorithm is trained and tested based on the MIT-BIH dataset, obtain relatively optimal features as spliced normalized fusion features including kurtosis, skewness and RR interval time domain features, STFT-based sub-band spectrum features, and harmonic ratio features. Experiments show that: TSH-L method proposed in the paper has a high accuracy of 97.74% for the detection of ECG abnormalities of MIT-BIH dataset. The method 3R-TSH-L proposed in this paper is expected to be widely used in family-oriented healthcare.


This paper introduces how to modularize in a complicated system,and points out ,the flow charts of welding main program,PI arithmetic,display subroutine and exception handles.Finally the common used measures of anti-jamming are introduced simply.


Silicon carbide with engineered point defects is considered as very promising material for the next generation devices, with applications ranging from electronics and photonics to quantum computing. In this context, we investigate the spin physics of the carbon antisite-vacancy pair that in its positive charge state enables a single photon source. We find by hybrid density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory that the neutral defect possesses a high spin ground state in 4H silicon carbide and provide spin-resonance signatures for its experimental identification. Our results indicate the possibility for the coherent manipulation of the electron spin by optical excitation of this defect at telecom wavelengths, and suggest the defect as a candidate for an alternative solid state quantum bit.


As a young person with specific learning disabilities (LD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) I was asked to provide my perspective on three articles in this special issue on self-determination. Although I am not a researcher within the field of self-determination, I believe my perspective is important for a few reasons. First, and most important, my perspective represents a voice of an individual who has personal experience with the challenges of living with a disability. Second, I have made several successful transitions; despite struggles in high school and college, I have been employed by the federal government since earning my bachelor's degree in 2002, and I have recently obtained a master's degree and I am currently pursuing a PhD. Thus, even though I am not a selfdetermination researcher, my disability experience and transition success are important reasons for you to keep reading! Self-determination is not only a set of skills but a modus vivendi (i.e., lifestyle) that empowers young people with disabilities to "act as the primary causal agent in one's life" (Wehmeyer, 1996). In this article I will describe how the selfdetermined modus vivendi increases success for young people with disabilities. I will do this by examining the relationship between my own experiences and the findings of several articles on self-determination.


Most of the students take the backpack out of the safety standardization.
They complain about back pain because of the backpack usage. The lack of
knowledge and action about safety backpack usage for students are causing the
incorrect usage, so the wrong action for using the backpack is continuously done.
The complain about back pain is considered by ±50% of 39 students of 5th and 6th
grade in SDN Ledok Kulon 3 Bojonegoro.
Design used in this study was descriptive correlative with cross sectional
approached. The population was students of 5th and 6th grade in SDN Ledok
Kulon 3 Bojonegoro. Total sample was 36 respondents, taken according to
purposive sampling. The independent variable were knowledge and action of
safety backpack usage. The dependent variable was back pain. Data were
collected by using questionnaire and observation form and analyzed by using
Spearman Rho test with level of significance of α ≤ 0,05.
Result showed that there was no significance between the knowledge of
safety backpack usage with action of safety backpack usage (p = 0,726), and no
significance between the action of safety backpack usage with back pain (p =
0,657).
This research can be concluded that the knowledge about backpack safety
usage had no correlation with actions about backpack safety usage. Actions about
backpack safety usage had no correlation with back pain. Nursing service
institution is expected to provide health promotion about backpack safety usage to
reduce the incidence of back pain among the students.


Mogan Lake, a popular recreation area, is under the pressure of intense urban-industrial pollution, therefore some management strategies included occasional macrophyte harvesting, diverting running water into the lake to accelerate the improvement of its water, and dredging have been in progressing since 1995. This study was conducted on sediment and overlying water samples collected in April, July and October 2015 and January 2016 from Mogan Lake. The outstanding data for this study is presented as: i) detection of the sediment chemical composition and estimation of sediment phosphorus mobility, ii) comparison of the current status of the lake's eutrophication regarding phosphorus mobility with data from earlier studies regarding the common station. The research data has revealed i) sediment TP concentrations ranged from 620.00 μgP gDW -1 , to 1047.50 μgP gDW -1 while TN concentrations were between 3250.00 μg gDW -1 and 6325.00 μg gDW -1 . Sediment TOC concentrations ranged between 58850.00 μg gDW -1 and 79675.00 μg gDW -1 . Sediment iron content and loss on ignition values were determined as 1.608-3.415 mg gDW -1 and 9.05-20.94 %, respectively. The rank order of phosphorus fractions were evaluated as Ca≈P>Org≈P>CO3≈P>Fe+Al≈P. ii) the phosphorus release values from the sediment (0.1754 – 1.1249 mg P m -2 d -1 ) were higher than the earlier studies findings. Phosphorus release in the lake has increased over the past ten years but still remains at a generally low level together with some management activities in Mogan Lake, therefore, instead of the internal P source future research should focus on external sources. In shallow eutrophic systems such as Mogan Lake, sediments having phosphorus accumulation depends on deep interactions with principally antropogenic external sources. In conclusion the primary goal is to determine the adsorption capacity of the sediment in order to estimate the critical internal phosphorus load and the second goal should be to apply a sustainable monitoring program.


Liquid crystal displays are playing a crucial role in current information era. Many of them are edgelit, where light is produced by a light source at the edge of the display and is spread out to illuminate the entire display through a light waveguide plate (LWGP). We developed a novel polarizing LWGP from polymer stabilized nematic liquid crystal, which can convert the unploarized light produced by the edgelight into linearly polarized light. This LWGP selectively scatters light depending on the polarization. When a light propagates through the LWGP, it will be scattered out of the plate if its polarization is parallel to the direction of the liquid crystal but will not be scattered if its polarization is perpendicular to the liquid crystal. This polarizing LWGP can greatly improve the light efficiency of edgelight liquid crystal displays.


This paper tries to single out the reasons of al-Ġazālī's lack of interest in the "lesser ǧihād", military action. In Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn he maintains – according to the Sunna of the Prophet – the superiority of the "greater ǧihād", the effort upon oneself for moral and religious improvement. By asserting the "golden mean" even on this occasion, he does not consider military action to be condemned, not even after having embraced the mystic path, but he postulates a hierarchy of values based on an esoteric reading of Q 4:95. Al-Ġazālī's Sufi option is put in context: he writes Iḥyāʾ during the sultanate of Barkyārūq. Though he has "left the world", he does not cease to consider himself as a muǧaddid and a 'ālim ḫāṣṣ who should safeguard and promote political and social orthodoxy first and theological orthodoxy later. However, his šafiʿi commitment to this regard allows some exceptions linked to his position as a "courtier" in Iranian area and to the idea of power developed in the Eastern regions. Against al-Māwardī, he claims the ǧihād to be the sultan's task, not the caliph's. By refraining from sanctioning the Seljuk military action, al-Ġazālī hopes to preserve, though merely in a symbolical way, the caliph institution, without questioning the fragmentation of the real power. The safety of the umma appears to be secured only until the Eastern regions do not collapse.


Coupled Earth system models of the type used for weather and climate predictions suffer from sea‐surface temperature (SST) biases associated with errors in the location and structure of the Gulf Stream. Here, we show that such SST biases can have a significant impact on initialized forecasts at the subseasonal time range. In the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal forecast system, correcting these errors with an online SST bias‐correction scheme improves the mean state of the North Atlantic region and has a significant positive impact on forecasts of atmospheric circulation anomalies. Improvements to forecast skill extend beyond the North Atlantic into Europe and along the northern hemisphere subtropical waveguide. These impacts provide important evidence for the potential benefits to initialized coupled forecast systems of higher‐resolution ocean models that can better resolve the position of the Gulf Stream.


In this article, the authors describe a four-phase pedagogical project they undertook in response to the strong resistance they encountered from a number of their white women students who objected to the readings and discussions of white skin privilege. In an interdisciplinary program where 73% of the students are white women, the authors teach upper-level university social science courses that include the study of racism. White women themselves, the authors found their stories of students' resistance to be useful springboards for reflection. Reading and discussing the literature on teaching about whiteness as they worked with their stories, the authors were able to reframe their own initial concerns about how to read their students' discontent. This article reviews key themes from the literature on student resistance in anti-racist classrooms, describes the interview process the authors used to elicit each other's teaching stories, analyzes five of these stories, and presents some of the approaches that they developed to better reach their students.


One of the important aspects of integrated circuit design is the doping profile of a transistor along its length, width and depth. Devices for super-threshold circuit usually employ halo and retrograde doping profiles in the channel to eliminate many unwanted effects. Devices for subthreshold circuits do not require halo and retrograde doping profiles due to lower operating voltage. This will reduce the number of steps in the fabrication process, parasitic capacitance and substrate noise dramatically. This paper introduces a new doping profile for devices to be used in subthreshold circuits. The proposed scheme addresses doping variations along all the dimensions of the device. This new doping scheme proposes to employ Gaussian distribution of doping concentration along the length of the channel with highest concentration at the middle of the channel. The doping concentration across the depth of the device is exponentially decreasing with channel surface at the highest concentration. The proposed doping scheme keeps the doping concentration along the width of the device uniform. Results show that the optimized device with the proposed doping profile offers higher ON current in the subthreshold device.


And dense with no voids, and provides a welded structure having high reliability of the bonding method, and the joint can be obtained is excellent in high heat resistance, reliable joints. Claim 1 A method for bonding a bonding object and the second bonding object, a first bonding object having a first metal consisting of an alloy containing Sn or Sn, the second bonding object is Ni, Mn, Al, and Cr having a second metal consisting of an alloy containing at least one member and Cu is selected from the well subjected to heat treatment at a state where the first joining object and the second bonding object facing the by creating an intermetallic compound in the quantum interface 1 It is bonded to the bonding object and the second bonding object. As the first metal is an alloy containing at least 85% by weight of Sn.


Multiple scattering model calculations of vibrationally averaged asymmetry parameters (B) for the 1 pi g, 1 pi u, 3 sigma u and 4 sigma g levels of CO2 are compared to fixed-nuclei calculations. Vibrational branching ratios and vibrationally resolved asymmetry parameters beta nu for the 1 pi g and 1 pi u levels are also presented. The latter are compared to recent He I line source measurements. The resonant features of the vibrationally averaged beta is less pronounced than those calculated with fixed nuclei, while the resolved spectra show shape-resonant features which are not apparent in the unresolved spectra.


In the present study, three Trichoderma strains with antagonistic activity towards plant pathogens were tested for their ability to reduce or inhibit the root rot produced by Pythium ultimum under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Trichoderma asperellum T36 was shown to strongly reduce root rot severity and to improve the anchorage. Maximum inhibition zone in vitro test was exhibited by T asperellum T36 (66.6%), while the lowest one was observed at T asperellum T50 (58.88%). In greenhouse trials, t he highest biocontrol activity of P. ultimum on pea seedlings was reached with T. asperellum T36, which had a percentage survival of 68.50 %, followed by T. harzianum T78 and T. asperellum T50, both with 52.94%. Greenhouse tests confirmed the high antagonistic in vitro activity of T. asperellum strain T36 against P. ultimum.


The tourism industry has experienced notable changes because of the widespread adoption of social media. As a result, travel companies have been compelled to give greater importance to their online presence and proactively interact with customers via social media channels. This study aimed to assess the concern of Romanian travel agencies for their presence on social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok through an analysis of social media metrics. According to the research findings, even though travel agencies exhibit a preference for Facebook when promoting tourism-related products and services, the other two analyzed platforms yield greater user engagement. The study has implications for both management and marketing activities within the tourism field.


Abstract Rotameter is one of the most commonly used local indicating type flow measuring instrument. For remote indication and control a secondary transducer like Hall Probe sensor, LVDT etc. is incorporated with the conventional rotameter. In this paper, a modified rotameter with Hall Probe sensor is used as a measuring instrument. The output hall voltage is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid and the change in fluid density may also vary the hall voltage. So this kind of variation shows incorrect flow rate if the density of the float is not taken to a very high value compared to the density of the fluid. But the density float may affect the flow rate measurement and introduce error. In this respect firstly the variation of Hall voltage with respect to liquid density is analyzed and then the measuring system is calibrated using ANN. The ANN calculates the correction factor with respect to the change in liquid density, which results in obtaining the output close to the desired output. The simulation results show that the calibration technique is efficient.


The article studies pragmatic maxims in the Russian and German versions of party anthem "International". The research is based on the communicative and pragmatic ways of studying a political discourse. The author juxtaposes the Russian version by A.Y. Kotz with the German one by E. Lukhardt from the point of view of ecolinguistics, and draws the conclusion about significant axiological inversions in relaying the semantics of the anthem in different languages and in different cultures. The reasons for axiological inversions are due to the linguistic world image and pragmatic maxims. The initial change in the meaning and negligence of the main goal become even more obvious because of the negative lexical connotations and reconceptualization. The research proves the hypothesis that pragmatic maxims in certain lingucultures are realized in various ways and reflect different levels of social classes in the linguistic world-image.


Superinfection of growing (nontransformable) cells of defectively lysogenic strains of Haemophilus influenzae with wild-type or with mutant phage HP1 resulted in a number of double lysogens and a small number of monolysogens with altered prophage. The double lysogens were identified by analysis of their monolysogenic segregants and by examining their deoxyribonucleic acid in certain test crosses. The results indicate that the majority had been formed by insertion of the infecting phage genome within the resident prophage. Superinfection of transformable bacteria gave rise to cells with altered prophages (presumably transformants) and to double lysogens which had gained or lost wild-type prophage loci.


Techniques for generating terahertz (THz) radiation are pro vided in which each nonlinear crystal in an array of Such crystals is coupled to one or more corresponding waveguides Such that any THZ radiation generated in any single crystal is coupled into that crystalsTHZ waveguide structure. After the THZ radiation is generated in the crystals and coupled into the waveguides, the individual THZ signals may be coherently combined to form a single THZ signal (non-coherent configu rations are provided as well). Crystal-waveguide arrays embodying the techniques can be used to implement efficient, robust, and compact THZ Sources Suitable for applications Such as security Screening, medical imaging, quality control and process monitoring in manufacturing operations, and package and container inspection.


Based on a comparison of nature and characteristics between traditional and digital libraries,the paper discusses the transition of composite library combined with both,then concludes that the developing direction of digital library is to separate from traditional library,and puts forward some primary methods.


Objective To observe the effects of BPA on the reproductive endocrine system of mice. Methods Tthree days after treatment of mice treated with different doses of BPA, the activities of LDH and G-6-PD in the testis of mice were determined with spectrophotometry. The level of estradiol in serum and testosterone in testis of mice was determined with RIA. Results The LDH activity and T level in mice treatment with different doses of BPA were significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05),and it decreased along with the increasing of the BPA dose. The activity of G-6-PD in the mice of 4μmol/kg group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). E2 concentration in serum of male and female increased along with the increasing of the BPA dose. When the BPA dose reached 80μmol/kg, E2 concentration was significantly higher than that in the controls (P0.05). Conclusion BPA can affect the reproductive and endocrine system of mice.


To analyze the factors that create deep-frozen dumping crackle. Through selecting the right flour, additives and production process adjustment to prevent crackles happening during deep-frozen dumpling producing and logistic, by the crackles outlook to judge the deficiency of deep-frozen dumpling production.


A film can be used as a learning material to analyze the various values contained in a film and it is expected that positive values in the film can be a mirror in everyday attitudes and behavior. Value as a guide and handle. Values are used for a reason, basis, or foundation or motivation in determining attitudes and actions. The film of Keluarga Cemara contains moral messages and life values. The film Keluarga Cemara tells the story of a nuclear family who lives in the city of Jakarta and needs to deal with a situation where their possessions are depleted due to being lied to by one of their extended family members. The film Keluarga Cemara shows how parents educate their children, the family can accept all conditions, and how children in social relationships and adapt to the environment. This study aims to identify and describe the values of life in the film Keluarga Cemara and its implications for learning Indonesian in high school. The method used in this study is the qualitative descriptive method. The Data used in this study is in the form of a dialogue between characters in the film family. Checking the validity of the data in the study using the triangulation method. The value of life that became the focus of research, namely the value of compassion, the value of wisdom, the value of justice, moral values, and the value of life from the results of the study were found in as many as 19 quotes from the value of compassion, 12 quotes the value of responsibility, 3 quotes moral values, 1 quote the value of justice, and 3 quotes the value of wisdom. With the results of triangulation, as much as 100% of the interviewees agreed with the results of the researcher's analysis. The results of this study deserve to be used as teaching materials for learning the Indonesian language and literature.


We present a theory of orientation Brownian motion of a polar particle frozen‐in in a polymer glass. The theoretical problem is then one of orientation dynamics in a viscoelastic medium. The glassy material provides, at a short‐time scale, an elastic force that returns the orientation to that at time t=0. On larger time scales, this privileged orientation diffuses due to thermal motion. A cascade of orientation motions at all time scales results in a stretched‐exponential behavior of the nonlinear optical response function and of other moments of the angular distribution function.


When a formal securities market is established there are choices about the structure of the operating rules that must be made before the market can begin to function. Those choices may be made by the "owners9" of the market or they may be made by governments. In either case, these rules constitute the micro structure of the securities market; and that structure, in turn, will have a substantial impact on the efficiency of the exchange in terms of costs, scope, volume, and level of penetration. This paper examines the differential impact of the rules governing the initial definition, and the enforcement, of property rights in the London, New York, and Paris securities exchange markets over the course of the long 19th century, 1800-1914. In 1914, listings on the London Stock Exchange encompassed nearly one-third of the paid-up value of all negotiable securities in the world (f? 10.7 billion out of a total of ?32.6 billion), and in every industrial category (gov


The saccus tip in genitalia of male Podosesia aureocincta Purrington and Nielsen is prominently flared with the corners elaborated into well-developed upcurved lateral prongs. Its sibling, P. syringae (Harris) has an unflared, truncate or knobbed saccus tip. Hybrid males (aureocincta ♀× syringae ♂) show intermediate expression of this character.


This paper presents the idea that is the combination of beam pumping unit modular and parametric design by domestic beam pumping unit modular design research status. Based on functional approach, it collects the main structural characteristics parameters of serial module divided and does the parametric design. At the same time, it tests and analyzes the whole performance of design result by the kinematics and the dynamics. Based on the above, it develops the "beam pumping unit modular, parametric design system", and uses this software to design CYJ10-3-53HB pumping unit.


In the past, the cost of disposing of surplus or waste materials was a nominal operating expense for industry. The standard solution for getting rid of nonhazardous solid waste was to send the waste to a landfill. However, due to reduced landfill space and rapidly rising disposal costs, landfilling has suddenly become an astronomical expense. As a result, industries are searching for more cost-effective and environmentally friendly ways to manage solid waste streams.


The present study aims to diagnose and indicate the reality of training programs in the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Jordan, through a statement of fact included international standard requirements of ISO 10015 in the training programs, and their impact on the performance of employees in the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, where is the international standard ISO 10015 specialized training and upgrading the quality of human resources, given their importance in the best condition of high levels of functional efficiency, the study was based on data processing on the descriptive and analytical approach, quantitative approach overall in the analysis operations, has been designed questionnaire, which contained clauses items of international standard ISO 10015, which was used stratified random sample, which consisted of 50 workers in the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The study results showed weakness in the identification of training needs and training programs according to the international ISO standards ISO 10015, and confined to the traditional aspects, the study recommended the need to include the approved training strategies at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Jordan international specification standards ISO 10015 at all based on identifying the needs of training programs; the aim achieving greater efficiency in the performance of staff, and based on the achievement of quality and excellence, which will reflect positively on the performance of employees in the tourism sector.


We show that two knots have matching Vassiliev invariants of order less than n if and only if they are equivalent modulo the nth group of the lower central series of some pure braid group, thus characterizing Vassiliev's knot invariants in terms of the structure of the braid groups. We also prove some results about knots modulo the nth derived subgroups of the pure braid groups, and about knots modulo braid subgroups in general.


This powerpoint presentation discusses its objectives: real world operation data from the field and state-of-the-art lab; collection; analysis for independent technology validation; collaboration with industry and end users operating stationary fuel cell systems and reporting on technology status, progress and technical challenges. The approach and accomplishments are: A quarterly data analysis and publication of first technical stationary fuel cell composite data products (data through June 2012).


Structured reflection on practical teaching experiences may help pre‐service teachers to integrate their learning and analyze their actions to become more effective learners and teachers. This study reports on 12 pre‐service English as a second language (ESL) teachers' individual tutoring of learners of English language writing. The data of the study are the writing journal entries that the pre‐service ESL teachers maintained during their tutoring experience. These journals had common elements: all were used by the pre‐service teachers to consider what funds of knowledge they bring to their teaching of ESL learners, to evaluate their roles as writers, learners and teachers and to reflect on the educational, social and cultural implications of teaching writing in English to speakers of other languages. This article describes ways in which both native and non‐native English speaking pre‐service teachers adapted their instruction to meet the particular needs of individual ESL writers and what they learned in the process. It provides insight regarding the value of using tutoring and reflection generally in teacher education and specifically in the preparation of teachers of ESL.


Animal models recapitulating distinctive features of severe COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The precise mechanisms of lethality in this mouse model remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection for up to 14 days post-infection. Despite infection and moderate pneumonia, rapid clinical decline or death of mice was invariably associated with viral neuroinvasion and direct neuronal injury (including brain and spinal neurons). Neuroinvasion was observed as early as 4 dpi, with virus initially restricted to the olfactory bulb supporting axonal transport via the olfactory neuroepithelium as the earliest portal of entry. No evidence of viremia was detected suggesting neuroinvasion occurs independently of entry across the blood brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 tropism was not restricted to ACE2-expressing cells (e.g., AT1 pneumocytes), and some ACE2-positive lineages were not associated with the presence of viral antigen (e.g., bronchiolar epithelium and brain capillaries). Detectable ACE2 expression was not observed in neurons, supporting overexpression of ACE2 in the nasal passages and neuroepithelium as more likely determinants of neuroinvasion in the K18-hACE2 model. Although our work incites caution in the utility of the K18-hACE2 model to study global aspects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, it underscores this model as a unique platform for exploring the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis that may have clinical relevance acknowledging the growing body of evidence that suggests COVID-19 may result in long-standing neurologic consequences. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has infected more than 191 million people with over 4 million fatalities (2021-07-20). The development of animal models recapitulating distinctive features of severe COVID-19 is critical to enhancing our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and in the evaluation of vaccine and therapeutic efficacy. Transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show lethality of this model is invariably associated with viral neuroinvasion linked with viral replication and assembly. Importantly, pneumonia albeit invariably present was generally moderate with the absence of culturable infectious virus at peak neuroinvasion. The dynamics of viral neuroinvasion and pneumonia were only partially dependent on hACE2. Overall, this study provides an in-depth sequential characterization of the K18-hACE2 model following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its significance to further study the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis.


67 Abstract This paper will explore one of Melville's least-known novels: "The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade." Of course Melville's greatest, best-known and largely unread masterpiece is "MobyDick," the novel that everyone intends to read, but never really gets to or finishes; it is widely considered a 'difficult' book. If this can be said of "Moby-Dick" then "The Confidence-Man" is an almost impossible book. It was Melville's last novel and the great merit of this work is its characterization of the American people in the 1850s. Admittedly, Melville was an embittered writer by this time; but he was too much of a philosopher not to be truthful about Americans and their behaviors and attitudes. His people in this novel accurately portray some of the strengths and weaknesses of Americans, at that time and this; these traits are still relevant to an understanding of America and Americans; this is perhaps truer today than in 1857.


Introduction Dendritic cells (DC) are critical initiators of innate immunity in the kidney and orchestrate inflammation subsequent to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The role of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the pathophysiology of renal IRI has been poorly characterized; furthermore, the influence of DC-based alterations in mTOR signaling has not been investigated. Methods We initially evaluated activation of the mTORC1/2 pathway in sham-operated and post kidney IRI C57BL/6 mice. Ex vivo isolated bone marrow-derived mTORC2 deficient (Rictor-/-) or wild-type (WT) DC underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation and then were analysed by flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of WT or Rictor-/- DC to C57BL/6 mice followed by unilateral renal IRI was used to assess migratory capacity. Age- and gender-matched DC-specific Rictor-/- mice or littermate controls underwent bilateral renal IRI followed by assessment of renal function, histopathology, bio-molecular and cell infiltration analysis. Results Protein expression of phosphorylated S6K that is a downstream of mTORC1 was upregulated, but conversely, phosphorylated Akt S473 that is a downstream of mTORC2 was decreased in whole kidney tissue in response to IRI. Rictor-/- DC express more CD80/CD86 but less programed death ligand-1 (PDL1) which can be enhanced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, and demonstrate increased migration to the injured kidney. Following IRI, Rictor-/- DC mice develop higher serum creatinine, more severe histologic damage and greater pro-inflammatory mRNA transcript profiles of IL-1&bgr;, IL-6 and TNF-&agr; compared to littermate controls. After IRI challenge, Rictor-/- DC show a trend towards increased TNF-&agr; production, but significantly reduced IL-10 secretion compared to WT DC. A greater influx of both neutrophils and T cells was also seen in Rictor-/- DC mice, in addition to CD11c+MHCII+CD11bhiF4/80+ renal DC, which expressed more CD86 but less PDL1. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Conclusion These novel data suggest that mTORC2 signaling in renal DC negatively regulates acute kidney injury. Thus, DC-targeted elimination of Rictor enhances inflammatory and migratory responses to the injured kidney, highlighting the regulatory roles of both DC and Rictor in the pathophysiology of renal IRI. HD was in receipt of China Scholarship Council funding (201506370079). DF was in receipt of an American Society of Nephrology Ben Lipps Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. We appreciate Drs. Heth Turnquist, Bala Ramaswami, Mark A. Ross and Alan F. Zahorchak for valuable advice and technical support.


The paper though studying automata theory, proposed a vulnerability-based model checking Mining vulnerability theory, as the bulk discover unknown vulnerabilities to provide a theoretical basis.


This paper presents a reconfigurable mixed-signal-processing circuit for high-speed pulse compression radar (PCR). Mixed-signal design techniques incorporate calibration and adaptation to improve the performance of a PCR receiver. Adaptive bandwidth PCR is an important feature for maximizing the dynamic range of a low-power radar system. The baseband signal processor includes a variable gain amplifier, 4-bit digital-to-analog converter, high-speed analog correlator, passive integrator, a 4-bit flash analog-to-digital converter, and a multi-range delay-locked loop. This proposed system is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS and can be configured to work from 50 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s with 2/3/5/7-bit Barker codes. The proposed calibration techniques improve the sidelobe reduction to 15.6 dB at 1 Gb/s. The total power consumption is 42 mW at the peak rate of 1 Gb/s for 15-cm range resolution.


. Plant communities of terrestrial ecosystems of the Russian Federation are studied in terms of their ability to reduce the carbon footprint as a result of carbon dioxide sequestration. The classification of typical plant communities and the division of the territory depending on the climatic and regional characteristics is given, with further provision of va-lues of the specific absorption capacity of growing plant communities according to the division presented. To assess the biomass of vegetation, as well as its dynamics of change, an analysis of the remote sensing method was carried out as the most preferred method for determining biomass in real time. The characteristics of currently used remote sensing systems, including IKONOS, Quickbird, Worldview, ZY-3, SPOT, Sentinel, Landsat and MODIS are given. The main indicators used for the indexation assessment of vegetation biomass are listed, with subsequent prediction based on them of the efficiency of carbon dioxide uptake by plant communities.


Who is this article for? Find your product plan in the Code42 console on the Account menu (https://support.code42.com/Administrator/Cloud/ Code42_console_reference/01_Code42_console_overview#Account_menu). √ Ø Incydr Professional and Enterprise √ Ø Incydr Basic and Advanced √ Ø CrashPlan Cloud √ Ø CrashPlan for Small Business (https://support.code42.com/Small_Business) (https://support.code42.com/Small_Business) √ Ø Other product plans


A robot gripper means bionic flexible touch sensor array plane, sensory neurons to mimic the structure of manpower, use of micro-miniature pressure sensor and soft flexible contact sensor configured airbag binding means biomimetic surface. Is provided on the sensor substrate a plurality of miniature pressure sensor, the airbag cover is fixed to the micro pores of the micro-balloon flexible pressure sensor, the reference aperture on a cavity facing the sensor substrate with micro holes and some of the air pressure sensor is mounted in alignment and interworking . Soft micro airbag air pressure sensor is formed in an upper half sealed miniature load cell cavity for pressure into a measurable pressure, micro soft airbag with an airbag placed on top micropores communicate to an open air space, the balloon can be gradually adjusted microporous pressure miniature soft airbag. The invention improves the conventional touch sensor robot adaptability to environmental change during use, can better mimic biological sense forgetting function, constituting an array of flexible contact sensor means biomimetic surface.


The molecular conformation of amylopectin from glutinous rice,indica rice and japonica rice in DMSO pure or aqueous solution was studied by intrinsic viscosity test and laser scattering(LS).The results showed that amylopectin from indica rice and japonica rice had similar molecular characteristics which were different from those of glutinous rice.Amylopectin from glutinous rice had the maximum molecular weight and rayleigh ratio,highest degree of branching and lowest overlap concentration with highly extendable molecular chain.The molecular conformation of amylopectin in DMSO was related to DMSO concentration its aqueous solution and the average molecular weight,degree of branching and concentration of amylopectin.The molecular conformation of rice amylopectin was almost spherical structure in neat DMSO.In DMSO aqueous solution,the molecular conformation of amylopectin from glutinous rice was greatly affected by its concentration,which displayed rigid spheres at very low concentration and flexible sphere at increased concentration.Amylopectin from indica rice and japonica rice was scarcely affected by its concentration and displayed the shape of more rigid star.


The low energy phenomenological implications of theories with dynamical breaking of the weak interaction symmetries are reviewed. The expected signals include: (1) a rich spectrum of spinless pseudo‐Goldstone bosons, (2) flavor‐changing neutral‐current interactions mediating rare decays, and (3) an electric dipole moment for the neutron of approximately 10−24 e cm.


Whilst Wolfram has always promoted the idea that the students in Australia should be taught how to tackle the real world mathematics problems, even if that involves the application of calculators. The author presents an overview of the various changes that can enhance maths education in the country.


The purpose of this research is to develop children of the art in drawing objects around them on Kindergarten. This research applied qualitative approach with classroom action research type. Analyzed using descriptive qualitative technique. The data was collected using observation. In conclusion, learning activity by applying explicit instruction model with finger painting media can increase children art skill on Kindergarten. Learning is vital to be able to create a pleasant learning environment and can give freedom to children to be able to


In an edge-colored graph, a traversal cost occurs at a vertex along a path when consecutive edges with different colors are traversed. The value of the traversal cost depends only on the colors of the traversed edges. This concept leads to two global cost measures, namely the \emph{reload cost} and the \emph{changeover cost}, that have been studied in the literature and have various applications in telecommunications, transportation networks, and energy distribution networks. Previous work focused on problems with an edge-colored graph being part of the input. In this paper, we formulate and focus on two pairs of problems that aim to find an edge coloring of a graph so as to minimize the reload and changeover costs. The first pair of problems aims to find a proper edge coloring so that the reload/changeover cost of a set of paths is minimized. The second pair of problems aim to find a proper edge coloring and a spanning tree so that the reload/changeover cost is minimized. We present several hardness results as well as polynomial-time solvable special cases.


Unless otherwise stated, all articles reviewed in this issue were published in 2010. The review is in four sections: 'ancient and medieval', covering the period before about 1540; 'early modern', relating approximately to the years 1540–1800; 'nineteenth century'; and 'twentieth century'. Some articles relate to more than one of these periods: they are reviewed in the section covering the earliest period to which they relate. Within each period, articles are listed in alphabetical order of first author's name, except where two or more articles on closely related themes are reviewed together.


.......................................................................................................................... i List of figures ................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................ vii List of abbreviations ...................................................................................................... x Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... xiii Dedication .................................................................................................................... xiv Author's Declaration .................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER ONE: Literature review ................................................................................. 1 1.


Although the cellular immune response is essential for controlling SIV replication in Asian macaques, its role in maintaining nonpathogenic SIV infection in natural hosts such as sooty mangabeys (SM) remains to be defined. We have previously shown that similar to rhesus macaques (RM), SM are able to mount a T lymphocyte response against SIV infection. To investigate early control of SIV replication in natural hosts, we performed a detailed characterization of SIV-specific cellular immunity and viral control in the first 6 mo following SIV infection in SM. Detection of the initial SIV-specific IFN- g ELISPOT response in SIVsmE041-infected SM coincided temporally with a decline in peak plasma viremia and was similar in magnitude, specificity, and breadth to SIVsmE041-infected and SIVmac239-infected RM. Despite these similarities, SM showed a greater reduction in postpeak plasma viremia and a more rapid disappearance of productively SIV-infected cells from the lymph node compared with SIVmac239-infected RM. The early Gag-specific CD8 + T lymphocyte response was significantly more polyfunctional in SM compared with RM, and granzyme B-positive CD8 + T lymphocytes were present at significantly higher frequencies in SM even prior to SIV infection. These findings suggest that the early SIV-specific T cell response may be an important determinant of lymphoid tissue viral clearance and absence of lymph node immunopathology in natural hosts of SIV infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2011,


Healthcare systems have severe privacy and security concerns. Several solutions had been proposed to address the privacy and security issues; however, these solutions have several limitations. Block-chain technology has limited applicability in healthcare systems security because of many limitations in confidentiality and integrity of patient data. This research aims to improve privacy for efficient data collection with keyless signature infrastructure to create a reliable and secure environment. The proposed system consists of an enhanced privacy and block validity that generates a hash signature, block header, and blocks of data along with its public and private key pairs that ensure data authenticity. Differential privacy is used to increase the specific time for creating the file because it provides the contribution proof of each file. Our simulation studies results show minimum intrusion and found the probability of falsification attack in the range of 0-1. It provides an increase in differential privacy by 34.5 -35.6% and block validity by 13- 13.5%. The proposed system focuses on data transmission techniques that permit data subjects to monitor, agree, and notify the processing of their sensitive data r. Finally, this study enhances the security ad privacy issues of data transmission with blockchain technology during data transmission in healthcare systems.


Objective To investigate the effects of different ventilation mode in the early cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Methods 48patients with cardiopulmonary were divided into observation group and control group.Observation group take endotracheal intubation in the early cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and the control group in the early cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)oropharyngeal ventilation tube to take the mask ventilation,compared to two kinds of ventilation way.The impacts on the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)were analyzed. Results The effective rates of observation group and control group were 58.33%and 37.5%(P0.05).The survival rate of observation group and control group were 37.5%and 25.0%(P0.05).Conclusion The endotracheal intubation in the early cardiopulmonary resuscitation is effective for cardio pulmonary resuscitation.


Basically, arithmetic entails numerals, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. In this paper we emphasize the arithmetic abilities of the living cell pumps by presenting an abstract model for these basic operations. The verification that these arithmetic operations are working properly is done by providing a software implementation that allows to simulate how the cell pumps are doing arithmetic.


The needs of patients in medium secure psychiatric units are well documented, but little is known of the range of clinical and security needs of those assessed but put on waiting lists or not admitted. The aim of the study was to quantify needs for treatment and care of a nationally representative sample of patients assessed for admission to medium secure care. 34 units containing 98% of medium secure beds in England and Wales in 1999 participated. All assessments were logged. A random sub-sample was selected for detailed interviews with assessing clinicians. Higher sampling fractions were used in smaller units. Unit monthly waiting lists averaged 5 patients for each available bed. Common reasons for referral were aggressive behaviour, deteriorating mental state, need for diagnostic assessment, and non-compliance with treatment. 42 per cent of assessed patients needed medium secure care, one-third on a long-term basis. The assessing units refused some patients who needed medium secure care, and accepted some psychotic patients who did not require security. 4 weeks after assessment, 65% of waiting list patients had still not been admitted. The conclusion was that a substantial shortage in medium secure beds existed, especially for long-term placements. A third of those needing medium secure care required it on a long-term basis, but assessing units did not admit many of these patients. Further work is needed on the low levels of assessed need for interventions relating to substance abuse.


To determine whether estimation of gestational age (GA) in the context of first‐trimester Down syndrome screening is standardized in the Netherlands.


Novelty Detection is a specific task in the field of Informational Retrieval, devoted to processing an ordered stream of documents with the goal of selecting all those and only those documents that bring some significantly interesting, novel information to the observer of the stream. The extensive study of novelty detection has begun a few years ago, with most of the works considering novelty detection as a private case of the (wider studied) Topic Detection task. Lately, however, it was realized that novelty detection should be separated from topic detection, and intelligent classifiers should be developed specifically for the task of novelty detection. In this research we propose to investigate adaptation of certain machine learning techniques to the task of novelty detection in streams of textual documents, and to develop efficient and effective novelty/redundancy classifiers devised specifically for this task.


The effects on attitude of an intensive training program for 55 graduate students, none of whom had taught before or attended courses in education, were measured with the MTAI. Females were found to change significantly in their attitudes, revealing greater permissiveness, while males showed no change in attitude. Initial scores on the MTAI were inversely and significantly related to authoritarianism and dogmatism (as measured by the California F Scale and the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale). Attitude shifts as a function of training were significantly related to authoritarianism but not to dogmatism.


The paper discusses on developing a prototype of smart crosswind detector device for road users application. There are few spots of crosswind that may cause danger to the road users in certain areas at highway. Crosswind can be a difficulty when travel on wet or slippery roads especially during heavy rain and thunderstorms even in normal weather. This can be dangerous for light vehicles especially motorists because of the possible lift force created as well as causing the vehicle to change direction of travel and may cause an accident. The safest way for the road users deal with crosswinds is by reducing their speed to reduce the effect of the lift force and to steer into the direction of the crosswind. HotWire Anemometer concept is adapted in this project to sense and measure the wind speeds. In this case electric power is applied to an ordinary electrical diode in which becomes warm. The diode rises to a steady state temperature in still air when the wind blows on the diode the temperature drops. This project investigates the design criteria required for wind detector to protect vehicles running on an expressway across the crosswind. Recommended speed for motorists, current wind speed and notifications will be display on the LCD digital information board. KeywordsCrosswind, vehicles, speed, Anemometer, expressway.


The invention discloses a sampling process monitoring method and a detection system. The sampling process monitoring method sequentially comprises the following steps of: moving a sampling gun to a suction nozzle area, wherein blank suction nozzles are arrayed in the suction nozzle area, and downwards moving the sampling gun to absorb one suction nozzle; moving the sampling gun to a monitoring area, and detecting whether the head of the sampling gun absorbs the suction nozzle or not in the monitoring area; if the suction nozzle is monitored to be absorbed by the head of the sampling gun, moving the sampling gun to a sample area to absorb a sample, and moving to a detection area to release the sample for detection; if the suction nozzle is monitored to be not absorbed by the head of the sampling gun, reassembling the suction nozzle; and after the sample is released, discarding the used suction nozzle, and returning the sampling gun to an initial position. In the invention, whether the sampling gun absorbs the suction nozzle or not is detected before the sampling gun absorbs the sample, the sampling gun automatically returns for reassembly of the suction nozzle if the sampling gun does not absorb the suction nozzle, and the advantages of no manual intervention, no sample omission during detection and convenience for operation are achieved.


This paper is concerned with the analysis of a time series comprising the eruption inter‐arrival times of the Old Faithful geyser in 2009. The series is much longer than other well‐documented ones and thus gives a more comprehensive insight into the dynamics of the geyser. Basic hidden Markov models with gamma state‐dependent distributions and several extensions are implemented. In order to better capture the stochastic dynamics exhibited by Old Faithful, the different non‐standard models under consideration seek to increase the flexibility of the basic models in various ways: (i) by allowing non‐geometric distributions for the times spent in the different states; (ii) by increasing the memory of the underlying Markov chain, with or without assuming additional structure implied by mixture transition distribution models; and (iii) by incorporating feedback from the observation process on the latent process. In each case it is shown how the likelihood can be formulated as a matrix product which can be conveniently maximized numerically.


A computer program has been developed to calculate crystal susceptibility tensor components. In addition to previous considerations where molecular polarization tensors have been treated as 1D or 2D, the present program allows the use of the 3D case that appears necessary for non-planar molecules. Calculation of crystal susceptibility is based on the approximation of relatively weak intermolecular forces in relation to intramolecular ones. Local field corrections have been estimated using simple Lorentz form. To provide molecular second-order polarizability, a semiempirical quantum chemical calculation has been carried out using the finite field method incorporated in the MOPAC program.


Category: genotype

Project: Pharmacogenetics of Arrhythmia Therapy

[Table 1][1] provides the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) symbol, PharmGKB submission URLs, submission dates, and release dates. [Table 2][2] provides the HGNC symbol, HGNC names, synonyms, GenBank accession number, and


The presence of high blood levels of haemoglobin A 2 (HbA 2 ) has been noted in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients. This study was designed to determine if there is a relationship between high HbA 2 levels and a reduction in the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crisis, complications and erythrocyte transfusion requirements in these patients. HbA 2 levels were determined in 330 patients (mean age was 23.69±10.94 years) who presented consecutively to the Haematology clinics of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State Central Hospital and Sickle Cell Center in Benin City, Nigeria. Of these, 200 (81.3%) were SCA patients in steady state and 46 (18.7%) having vaso-occlusive crisis, and 84 age and sex matched subjects served as controls. An automated Coulter Counter was used to determine blood count values while the haemoglobin A 2 was estimated by HbS-free microcolumn chromatography. The mean HbA 2 in steady state, vaso-occlusive crisis and control were 4.52% ±1.16, 3.82% ±1.27 and 2.13% ±0.98 respectively. HbA 2 was significantly higher in steady state than during vaso-occlusive crisis (P 2 value (P=0.042 and P=0.038 respectively). High HbA 2 levels are associated with lower morbidity in sickle cell anaemia patients. Treatment strategies, which increase HbA 2 , may be beneficial in managing SCA. Keywords : Haemoglobin A 2 ; sickle cell anaemia; morbidity. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 287-292


More than 120 years after Roentgen's first X-ray image, the first cosmic-ray muon images of bone and soft tissue are created. The pictures, shown in the present paper, represent the first radiographies of structures of organic origin ever recorded by cosmic rays. This result is achieved by a uniquely designed, simple and versatile cosmic-ray muon-imaging system, which consists of four plastic scintillation detectors and a muon tracker. This system does not use scattering or absorption of muons in order to deduct image information, but takes advantage of the production rate of secondaries in the target materials, detected in coincidence with muons. The 2D image slices of cow femur bone are obtained at several depths along the bone axis, together with the corresponding 3D image. Real organic soft tissue, polymethyl methacrylate and water, never seen before by any other muon imaging techniques, are also registered in the images. Thus, similar imaging systems, placed around structures of organic or inorganic origin, can be used for tomographic imaging using only the omnipresent cosmic radiation.


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of anorectal injury with pelvic fracture.Methods The clinical data of 34 cases of anorectal injury with pelvic fracture from 1988 to 2003 were reviewed.Thirty-two patients underwent double barrel sigmoidostomy and two cases underwent single barrel ileostomy.All cases had adequate drainage and rectal irrigation.Results Except that 4 cases died from complications,others were cured and had undergone stomal closure.Conclusion If the patients with anorectal injury with pelvic fracture were treated carefully through stoma,presacral drainage,rectal irrigation and prophylaxis of complications,good curative effect can be obtained.


A method and system for providing digital broadcast services are disclosed. The digital broadcast service method, using a service server and user terminal, includes establishing connections between a user terminal and a service server through a wireless network and a broadcast distribution system, performing, by the user terminal, service registration through the wireless network, purchasing, by the user terminal, a broadcast service from the service server through the wireless network, transmitting, by the user terminal, an authentication key request for the purchased broadcast service through the wireless network, and releasing the connection made through the wireless network after one of the performing of the service registration, the purchasing of the service, or the transmitting of the authentication key request.


A study has been carried out on the electrochemical behaviour of cefsulodin in buffered aqueous solutions using differential-pulse polarography (DPP), direct-current polarography (DCP) and cyclic voltammetry. Both the DPP and DCP techniques allow the determination of this antibiotic in the concentration range 1–200 p.p.m. The main wave observed is attributed to the reduction of the isonicotinamide substituent. The electrochemical behaviour has been found to change at a concentration of about 60 p.p.m.


Do speakers decompose morphologically complex words, such as segmentable, into their morphological constituents? In this article, we argue that spelling errors in English a xes reflect morphological boundary strength and degrees of segmentability. More generally, we wish to draw attention to misspellings as a source of evidence in morphological and psycholinguistic research. In support of this argument, we present three case studies, examining the spelling of the su xes able/ible, ence/ance, and -ment in an online resource (Tweets). Based on previous research on morphological productivity and boundary strength (Hay, 2002; Hay & Baayen, 2002, 2005), we hypothesized that morphological segmentability should a ect the choice between  vs. ,  vs. , and  vs. <-mint>. An analysis of roughly 37,000 non-standard spellings is consistent with that hypothesis, underscoring the usefulness of spelling variation as a source of evidence for morphological segmentability and for the role of morphological representations in language production and comprehension. SPELLING VARIATION 4


It is shown for the first time that the catalysts obtained by supporting H 2 PtCl 6 on NH 4 VO 3 /Al 2 O 3 or VO(NO 3 ) 2 /Al 2 O 3 are more active in the dehydrogenation of propane and n-decane if thermal pretreatment of the modified support is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere rather than in air. The selectivity and activity of the samples prepared in this way exceed the corresponding parameters for the unmodified platinum/alumina catalysts.


The orientation law on inland transport in France is an element of the government's decentralisation policy. It means that local authorities will be responsible for a greater part of public transport in suburban areas. Legislation places emphasis on public transport improvements necessary to ensure easy access to transport. It seems important to adapt public transport supply to demand in specific types of urban area. One method of approaching this problem has been to define the principal obstacles to the development of public transport in the types of area chosen. Each gives rise to specific problems which, up to now, appear to have been badly solved if one judges by the low level of use. Several hypotheses were tested to examine possible explanations: failure of adapting supply to real needs, transport operators' doubts regarding the promotion of new types of transport, reticence or hesitation on the part of elected representatives in fields unfamiliar to them, and financial gamble of adding public transport costs to other service costs and local management. For the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 284761.


This study sought to understand how to design an exergame to increase motivation for physical activity with regard to college students. The current research reports the findings of the initial phase of developing the exergame grounded in Self-Determination Theory. Two rounds of formative evaluation studies were conducted. In the first round, four focus groups were conducted to gain insights from the target population about their reception of the proposed exergame concept. In the second round, participants as a group played the game prototype that was developed based on the first round focus groups and provide feedback and suggestions in a focus group format. In addition, four participants played the game with a device that recorded their energy expenditure during game play on an individual basis and were interviewed after game play using the same questions used in the focus groups. The two rounds of formative evaluation confirmed many of the proposed design features. The design team also obtained valuable suggestions from the focus group participants on how to improve usability and playability of the game.


Survey data from PhD-granting economics departments are used to assess the teaching preparation of graduate students in economics. The results show that relatively few departments require graduate student instructors to take a credit course in teaching before teaching their own course or leading a recitation section. Although more graduate student instructors are required to take a noncredit course in teaching before serving as an instructor or recitation leader, the value of such noncredit courses may be limited. The assessment of teaching preparation by department chairs shows mixed responses, with about three-fifths rating it as very good or good and about two-fifths considering it to be only adequate or poor. Recommendations are offered for improving the teaching preparation of graduate student instructors in economics.


There is a wide agreement in the literature that educational poverty is considered as a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, as well as a predictor of social inequalities in adulthood. The Italian key-policy against poverty (in Italian, Reddito di Cittadinanza, since 2019) aims at facing this phenomenon through the activation, for some beneficiaries, of Pacts for social inclusion (PaIS). This policy is the more incisive the more the services, in particular those aimed at parenting support and children aged 0-3 years, are integrated and capable of enhancing different disciplines. By contextualising the reference framework to the notion of poverty, the paper presents the three-year training experience of case managers, the practitioners provided within the Reddito di Cittadinanza and involved in the co-construction, together with the beneficiaries, of the PaIS. The paper focuses on the Project work carried out during the course, highlighting its consistency with the theoretical and methodological framework of the Reddito di Cittadinanza, and the ability to respond to the challenges of educational poverty, in terms of participation of families with children from zero to three years old, integration and multidisciplinarity of services, planning, and precocity of interventions.


In this paper modeling and optimization of reliability of computer network, consisted of eight computer centers which are connected in a ring, with two diagonal redundant lines, are presented. Model is developed using Markov theory for transition probabilities between states of the system. The influences of failure rate and repair rate on network reliability are investigated. Dependence of network reliability on different variants of redundant lines configurations is also analyzed, in order to find optimal solution


Orientation: Pay-for-performance (PFP) systems emerged during the 1980s as performance improvement tools. However, research findings have shown contradictory evidence as to whether these systems motivate employees to improve their performance. Research purpose: The main aim of this evaluation was to assess whether a PFP system, which a South African university introduced for administrative employees, improved their performance. A secondary aim was to examine whether the university implemented the system as it intended to. Motivation for the evaluation: The motivation for this evaluation was to add to the social science literature on the effectiveness of PFP systems. There are many contradictions in the literature and further exploration of whether these systems deliver their intended outcomes seemed overdue. Research design, approach and method: The evaluators used a descriptive design. They administered a customised questionnaire, to which 391 university staff members responded. Of these, 129 were line managers and 262 were administrative staff. Main findings: The administrative staff, whose working lives the PFP system affected, thought that it did not improve their performance. Both line managers and administrative staff indicated that the pay aspect of the system did not differentiate between poor and excellent performance. Practical/managerial implications: The evaluators made practical recommendations for improving the implementation of the system. Contribution/value-add: This evaluation contributed to the social science literature on the effectiveness of PFP systems by showing that poor implementation rather than poor design often lies at the root of a system that does not deliver its intended outcomes.


It is pretty difficult to design the piles diameter because of the existing of collapsible loess based on reliability theory. This paper will give the formula of reliability index for vertical capacity consider collapsible. A target reliability index of 3.2 is presented as the criterion for vertical the bearing capacity of pile according to worldwide specifications and references. Based on target reliability of piles, the effective pile diameter is calculated, and the pile spacing is deduced according to effective pile diameter. Finally, through case study, the designed pile diameter using the presented method is more scientific and reasonable because it considers the influences of various uncertainties on collapsible loess, which has great engineering significance.


Insects in flight have been studied with optical non destructive techniques with the purpose of using meaningful results in aerodynamics. With the availability of high resolution and large dynamic range CCD sensors the so called interferometric digital holographic technique was used to measure the surface displacement of in flight insect wings, such as butterflies. The wings were illuminated with a continuous wave Verdi laser at 532 nm, and observed with a CCD Pixelfly camera that acquire images at a rate of 11.5 frames per second at a resolution of 1392×1024 pixels and 12 Bit dynamic range. At this frame rate digital holograms of the wings were captured and processed in the usual manner, namely, each individual hologram is Fourier processed in order to find the amplitude and phase corresponding to the digital hologram. The wings displacement is obtained when subtraction between two digital holograms is performed for two different wings position, a feature applied to all consecutive frames recorded. The result of subtracting is seen as a wrapped phase fringe pattern directly related to the wing displacement. The experimental data for different butterfly flying conditions and exposure times are shown as wire mesh plots in a movie of the wings displacement.Insects in flight have been studied with optical non destructive techniques with the purpose of using meaningful results in aerodynamics. With the availability of high resolution and large dynamic range CCD sensors the so called interferometric digital holographic technique was used to measure the surface displacement of in flight insect wings, such as butterflies. The wings were illuminated with a continuous wave Verdi laser at 532 nm, and observed with a CCD Pixelfly camera that acquire images at a rate of 11.5 frames per second at a resolution of 1392×1024 pixels and 12 Bit dynamic range. At this frame rate digital holograms of the wings were captured and processed in the usual manner, namely, each individual hologram is Fourier processed in order to find the amplitude and phase corresponding to the digital hologram. The wings displacement is obtained when subtraction between two digital holograms is performed for two different wings position, a feature applied to all consecutive frames recorded. The r...


Inversion for parameters of a physical process typically requires taking expensive measurements, and the task of finding an optimal set of measurements is known as the optimal design problem. Surprisingly, measurement locations in optimal designs are sometimes extremely clustered, and researchers often avoid measurement clusterization by modifying the optimal design problem. We consider a certain flavor of the optimal design problem, based on the Bayesian D-optimality criterion, and suggest an analytically tractable model for D-optimal designs in Bayesian linear inverse problems over Hilbert spaces. We demonstrate that measurement clusterization is a generic property of D-optimal designs, and prove that correlated noise between measurements mitigates clusterization. We also give a full characterization of D-optimal designs under our model: We prove that D-optimal designs uniformly reduce uncertainty in a select subset of prior covariance eigenvectors. Finally, we show how measurement clusterization is a consequence of the characterization mentioned above and the pigeonhole principle.


We report a 49-year-old patient who was admitted to the hospital after a fall from a horse. The patient had radicular symptoms in dermatome C6 on the right with pain and tingling paraesthesia without motor deficit. The shockroom CT revealed mainly a horizontal fracture in segment C6/7 with course through the spinosus process C6, cover plate impression fracture C7 and traumatic anterolisthesis C6/7 (Figure 1).


Drinking water utilities around the world are vulnerable to various types of terrorist attacks including warfare contamination and bioterrorism. A distribution system comprises water tanks, pipes, pumps, and other components that deliver treated water from treatment plants to consumers. Particularly among large utilities, distribution systems may contain thousands of kilometers of pipes and numerous delivery points, which can be highly vulnerable to a terrorist deliberate contamination injection. This paper extends previous work on optimal early warning monitoring system layout for water networks security by addressing the monitoring stations detection sensitivities and response delays, and the consumer demands and contaminant injected flow rates randomness. The methodology developed is demonstrated on two example applications.


This article aims to provide an analytical discussion for inter-group conflicts in the context of the social identity phenomenon, a rather neglected dimension of social conflict. The study reveals that social identity is related to inter-group conflicts by leading to stereotyping, ethnocentric behaviors, and inter-group competitions, offering, thus, a useful framework in capturing many social-psychological aspects of these conflicts. It is noted, however, that social identity, by itself, is not a direct cause of overt inter-group conflicts. The need for further research into conditions that may tie the dynamics of social identity to expressed inter-group conflicts in a clearer way is urged.


Objective: To investigate the clinic value of determining renal tubular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The levels of NAG,α1-MG andβ2-MG of 62 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus were determined.Results: Compared with the control group,the levels of NAG,α1-MG and β2-MG all significantly increased(P0.05),with positive rates ad 90.1%,92.3%,and 91.6%,respectively.Conclusions: The levels of NAG,α1-MG and β2-MG are related to the development of diabetic nephropathy,and can reflect the condition of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy indirectly.


This paper tests the long-run money neutrality across different exchange rate regimes, empirically extending the concept of M. E. Fisher and J. J. Seater. Strong evidence shows the non-neutrality of two forms of money for the Hong Kong economy across the two regimes. While the Hong Kong M1 is marginally non-neutral under the float, it is clearly not neutral afterwards. The M2 is non-neutral both before and after the linked exchange rate. Copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd


ABSTRACT In this article, we study the herding phenomenon in Spanish equity pension funds with European investment locations from 2002 to 2012, considering whether the development of different investment strategies by the managers results in herding. In addition, we analyze the performance-herding relationship, observing whether pension fund performance decreases or increases when pension funds herd. Using the herding measure of Lakonishok et al. [1992], we do not find strong imitation behavior, although herding in the market and book-to-market styles are higher. Those pension funds that do not herd or that follow distinctive strategies do not present significant differences in performance with respect to herding funds.


. Leaf contents of N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe were highest in plants fertilized with (NH4)2S04 in a sand culture study conducted with 2-year-old 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry ( Vaccinium ashei Reade) plants. Nitrogen sources caused no differences in leaf uptake of Al, Zn, B, Cu, and K. Amounts of applied S and Na and leaf content of these elements were positively correlated. Leaf mineral content was not influenced by pH levels from 3.5 to 7.5. Shoot length and number of flower buds were not affected by pH, but both were highest for plants fertilized with (NH^SC^. The importance of a low soil pH (usually between pH 4.0 and 5.5) for rabbiteye blueberry growth has been stressed (4, 12). These conclusions agreed with earlier recommendations for highbush (V. corymbosum L.) blueberries (5). Rabbiteye plants on soils with pH values above 5.5 became chlorotic and grew poorly (4). Bradley and Smittle (3) suggested that high soil pH was the best indicator for poor growth in ericaeous plants. Harmer (10) stated that the poor growth at high pH levels was probably due to excessive amounts of Ca, Mg, and nitrates in the soil. Later Boiler (2) suggested that water, organic matter, soil structure, and aeration were the most important factors in cultivation of blueberries. Cain (5) agreed, indicating successful blueberry plantings on soils above pH


Little is known about how mitochondrial lipids reach inner membrane–localized metabolic enzymes for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis. Aaltonen et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201602007) and Miyata et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201601082) now report roles for two mitochondrial complexes, Ups2–Mdm35 and mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system, in the biosynthesis and transport of mitochondrial lipids.


Abstract : MANMOD is a digital computer program that is designed to predict operator/system response during a compensatory tracking task. The program is specifically tailored to handle manned operation of missile weapons systems, where the quality and nature of the displayed information, the characteristics of platform and/or target induced motion, and the operator response strategy change with time. Thus, MANMOD can be used to study time-dependent effects, such as disturbance variations, instrument switchovers, and temporary loss of the optical target signal. In addition, the incorporation of displayed-related threshold and resolution limitations allows one to study, with reasonable fidelity, the effects of instrument modification. (Modified author abstract)


This paper purposes a solution of the target detection and identification for automatic ship loader. For automatic ship loaders, the operation target should be detected and identified continuously and real-timely. By using the laser measurement systems (LMS), the ship cargo holds and the bulk cargo can be rebuilt as a group of 3D points. Then the image processing algorithm can identify the positions, sizes and shapes of the cargo holds and the bulk cargo from the 3D points. Based on the target information identified by the image processing algorithm, the ship loader can finish the loading operation automatically. At last, this paper describes and analyzes the experiment of the cargo height detection using LMS in Coal Terminal of Tianjin Port. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


Background: Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignancies of head neck region. The search for optimal treatment option for locally advanced laryngeal cancer is on throughout the world.
Methodology: This was a prospective quasi experimental study carried out in the department of Radiation Oncology of NICRH, Dhaka and Square Hospitals Limited, Dhaka from July 2013 to May 2014.
Result: Thirty patients each were accrued to arm A and arm B purposively to receive 3DCRT and conventional radiotherapy respectively. The patients age ranged from 30 to 60 years; 61.7% patients were male. Among the total patient 43.3% patients were in stage III and 56.7% patients in stage IVA. All radiation related toxicities were found significantly higher in 3DCRT arm (arm A) than conventional arm (arm B). Complete response was found in 40% patients in 3DCRT arm while in conventional arm it was only 10%. Partial response was 36.7% and 46.7% respectively. No response was seen in 8 patients, 3 in arm A and 5 in arm B. More patients in arm B (26.7%) were reported with progressive disease. Conclusion: It could be said from this study that three Dimensional 70 Gy Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT) with concurrent chemotherapy offers higher treatment outcome then conventional 2D radiotherapy with 66 Gy although which was statistically significant and toxicities were reported more in intervention group which need to be managed effectively.


A program has been initiated by the Electric Power Research Institute to examine the feasibility of using the Li-alloy/FeS battery for electric-vehicle propulsion. In the first phase of the program, a joint effort between Argonne National Laboratory and Gould Research Center resulted in the design, fabrication, and testing of two full-scale 12-V modules and related battery components at Argonne National Battery Test Laboratory. The design of the module and battery components was based upon a van battery design study supported by the US Department of Energy.


Pineal melatonin hormonally transduces photoperiod to influence daily and seasonal cycles in most vertebrates (1, 2). Evidence of melatonin receptors throughout the brain of several fish species (3–5), particularly in retinorecipient structures, also indicates a role in visual processing. Despite the absence of solar light many deep‐sea organisms show seasonality (6–8). The presence of central melatonin receptors was investigated by quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the deep‐sea fish Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus. Specific, time‐dependent, saturable, high affinity and guanine nucleotide sensitive, 2‐[125I]iodomelatonin binding was found over the mid‐brain tegmentum and hindbrain. Competing ligand potency was iodomelatonin > melatonin 5‐HT. Although C.(N.) armatus has well developed eyes no 2‐[125I]iodomelatonin binding occurred in optic tectum, cerebellum or hypothalamus. Thus melatonin involvement in processing of visual information and control of seasonal physiology via hypothalamic areas appears to be absent in this species. The presence of central G‐protein coupled receptors indicates a function for melatonin unrelated to solar light.


One of the essential tasks of bioethics in morally pluralistic societies consists of fostering a public use of reason in its field of competence. This is the fundamental thesis of the present work. To deal with it I will try to answer two crucial questions: (a) What is moral pluralism and why does it demand fostering the use of public reason in moral issues in the sphere of bioethics and (b) What are the laboratories of bioethics in a pluralistic society?


The effect a marine hydrokinetic device, or array of devices, has on the environment is a key component of design, permitting, and viability of a project. To accurately understand physical processes and their potential relationship to environmental stressors at a current-energy converter (CEC) site, a numerical model was developed using SNL-Delft3D-CEC-FM to facilitate an understanding of the potential changes to the system .
 Conceptual flowchart of the modeling methodology.
 Using turbine and river data provided by the Alaska Hydrokinetic Energy Research Center, a steady-state flow model was constructed for varying river discharge levels. The wakes of University of Alaska at Fairbanks New Energy Systems vertical-axis, 5-kW turbine as well as commensurate changes to the steady-state flow field were simulated. Finally, an example optimization study was undertaken for turbines arranged in various arrays to demonstrate the effects of lateral and downstream interference, wake recovery, and overall momentum removal on the flow conditions and power generation.
 Considering a distribution of flow conditions over a 10-year period for the Tanana River at Nenana, variations in number of CEC devices and array layout provided insights into power production and environmental effects. Specific quantities of interest included changes in velocity and bed shear stress, which each showed changes in proportion to the number of devices in the array. Using SNL-Delft3D- CEC-FM with calibrated turbulence constants allowed for a design that maximized CEC array power while remaining within constraints of minimally altered environmental conditions. That is, array layouts could be selected to optimize power generation while minimizing flow-field changes.
 This work highlights the importance of investigating array performance at each site under consideration. These findings are helpful in optimizing turbine arrangements in the Tanana River at Nenana that maximize power production and minimizes undesirable/unintended changes to the river's natural flow (flow depth, velocity, and bottom shear).