We enjoyed reading the letter by J. Pallud regarding our paper published in Neuro-Oncology Practice, and thank him for his kind words. We agree that adult diffuse low-grade glioma (LGG) is a progressive disease without a specific treatment and we did say that these tumors "have an inherent tendency to transform to higher grades over time." The study was carried out to determine whether there had been an improvement in survival and seizure control over an 11-year period in a single center, and the idea evolved from the emerging data in the literature and from our own "natural history series" quoted by Dr Pallud.1 Our clinical experience showed that, although most patients with LGG remained well for many years without any specific interventions, all tumors steadily grew, and the vast majority of patients eventually died of tumor progression. Indeed, based on these and other data that emerged in studies conducted in the decade 2000 to 2010, it became clear that the philosophy of watchful waiting was never going to improve survival, even before the papers of Jakola et al2,3 showing prolonged survival in patients receiving early resections. However, a recent Cochrane review looking at whether biopsy or resection is the best treatment strategy for LGG "was unable to determine this as no studies were included and only low-quality evidence from non-RCTs is available." 4 With regards to the timing of surgery and survival, we defined early surgery as occurring within 1 year and when we pooled the data, as requested, we found a significant benefit for progression-free survival (P = .014) and a nonsignificant trend for overall survival (P = .19). With regards to correlating extent of resection with seizure outcomes, the original audit recorded only a total or partial resection. We agree with Dr Pallud's suggestion that quantifying extent of resection on MRI would further strengthen our paper, but this is not possible because the MRI scans from the 2006 cohort are no longer in existence. Therefore, we would only be able to analyze the 2017 cohort scans and, because there were only 44 patients who had surgery, this is too small a number to carry out a meaningful comparison. When pooling the results in this way, there is no guarantee that key demographics such as age or tumor location/laterality would be matched, which would confound our results and make them effectively uninterpretable. In contrast, it was possible to do a meaningful comparison between the cohorts at 2 distinct time points because the patients were so well matched. Similarly, the unmatched group sizes between those who had early surgery and those who did not in pooled analysis reduces the statistical power of the significance testing. It will be interesting to repeat this study in about 10 years, now that adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are more routinely given following publication of the RTOG-9802 study in 2016,5 so that we can assess how evolving oncological treatment is affecting survival and seizure outcomes. Finally, we concur with Dr Pallud that more effort is needed to improve the outcome of these patients. However, it would not be meaningful to compare our results with those reported by the French Glioma network.6 First, our seizure outcomes were not routinely measured 6 months after surgery but were a snapshot of patient status at the time of data collection; second, we required 1 year of seizure freedom to classify patients as Engel Class I; and third, our results were an average of those patients who had early resection and those who did not. However, as only 22% of our patients were seizure free in the 2006 cohort compared to 57% in the 2017 cohort, it is encouraging to see that the outcomes for these patients are improving, albeit there is still much more to be done.


Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the peripheral blood and have long been recognized as the major phagocytes in acute infection by destroying extracellular pathogens. Although research on neutrophils hampered by intractability in the experiments, the newly discovered effector functions of neutrophils includes granular proteins, and cytokines, extracellular traps. With all effector mechanism neutrophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic infection, autoimmunity and cancer.


Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), a standard treatment for locally-advanced esophageal cancer, often achieves significant antitumor effect as clinically or microscopically confirmed. However, how chemotherapy histologically impacts upon normal tissues, in particular lymphatic vessels, adjacent to a tumor remains unclear.

 A total of 137 patients who underwent curative esophagectomy with (NAC group n = 62)/without (nonNAC group n = 75) NAC for thoracic esophageal cancer in our department from 2004 to 2012 were analyzed. The number of lymphatic vessels (NLV) adjacent to primary tumor (within 1000μm from the edge of tumor) in lamina propria mucosae layer was assessed by immunostaining of D2–40 and its association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed.

 The NLV was significantly lower in the NAC group as compared with the nonNAC group (NAC vs nonNAC; 19.1 ± 9.0 vs 22.8 ± 8.6, P = 0.014). In the nonNAC group, when classified into two (high vs low NLV) groups by using the cutoff value of the median NLV in nonNAC group, NLV did not correlated with any clinico-pathological factors including age, gender, tumor location, pT, pN, pM, ly, v, and overall survival. On the other hand, in the NAC group, high NLV (classified by the same cutoff value as noted above) was significantly associated with good histological response (grade1b-2) (high vs low NLV; 52 vs 26%, P = 0.026) and less development of lymph node recurrence (16 vs 40%, P = 0.029) but not with other parameters including age, gender, tumor location, pT, pN, pM, ly, and v. Notably, the high NLV group showed the more favorable 5-year overall survival compared to the low NLV group (61 vs 49%, P = 0.0041). Multivariate analysis of overall survival further identified low NLV (HR = 3.68, 95%CI 1.54–10.83, P = 0.0005) to be one of independent prognostic factors along with pT(HR = 2.87, 95%CI 1.37–6.35, P = 0.0050) and pN(HR = 4.04, 95%CI 1.53–13.89, P = 0.0034) in the NAC group.

 NAC might decrease the number of lymphatic vessels adjacent to primary tumor in resected specimen, and this number was associated with tumor response to NAC and long-term outcome in patients who underwent NAC plus surgery.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The development of a health information system (HIS) is a complex and continual process that necessitates a significant amount of resources. It is well-understood that HIS plays essential roles and makes up the National Health System (NHS). Hence, the government of Indonesia issued a national policy on the development and implementation of the National Health Information System (NHIS) nation-wide. The implementation of this policy has been faced with an array of issues around human resources, technology, management, organizational problems and work culture, including supporting facilities.
Unfortunately, the implementation of HIS at the lower level of administration tends to be viewed as a technological advance rather than an intact information system. As such, the competition to develop a working HIS at provinces and districts level turns to the race to acquire the most sophisticate software from a vendor that often costly and creates some more problems. Under such a situation, control over data, data security, and the sustainability of the system are often compromised unintentionally.
This article offers a number of solutions to the problems, including a revitalization of the existing human resources and organizational culture. Also, the data integrity and security should be reviewed and redirected to the implementation of the concept of interoperability (rather than forcing unification of softwares used) which should be re-designed and developed through bottom-up planning. The existing human resources should prepare for an advanced technology transfer from the software developers (vendors). Concerns of data security, control over data, and technology transfer should be regulated and implemented consistently to ensure the sustainability of the existing system.


Ubuntu is an African concept referring to humanness. It gives expression to deeply-held African ideals of one's personhood being rooted in one's interconnectedness with others. Social workers seeking to develop an African framework for decolonial social work practice turn repeatedly to ubuntu for aid. But the term has, for the most part, been limited to the idea of mutual aid – people helping each other in a spirit of solidarity. This article endeavours to extend and deepen the ubuntu concept to strengthen its potential as a theory informing social work practice. This is done by interweaving other African ideas with ubuntu in three domains: ethics, sustainable development and ecospirituality


CAD/CAM dental restoration had become a sequence of digital tool and software to perform best esthetic with strong material. The effect of only three marginal thickness (0.5,1.0 and 1.5mm) on fracture strength of feldspathic ceramic (FSC) ceramic have been deal within present project Thirty-six (36) die model were tested in separate, fracture load has been carried out until catastrophic failure occurred using low speed video recorder. Range of variation at the values exceed 2000N for all the three sets whereas the mean value of fracture strength for 0.5,1.0,1.5 mm marginal thickness was 1873,2028 and 1296 N respectively. Standard deviation and coefficient of variance were calculated for the result. The influence of these three-finishing line depth on fracture strength of FSC was not so clear. Still applying FSC is promising for prosthodontic restoration as an alternative to the previous metal ceramic. Future studies could lead to more precise answer to the most suitable finishing line. Keyword :dental clinic , Feldspathic , dental clinic , strength of ceramic Hawler Medical university Dental college Erbil Kurdistan of Iraq Corresponding author Lana B khedher Email, lana email@example.com tel: 009647404258575 2 Van YYU Dis Hekimligi Fakultes Article information Article history: Received November 9, 2020 Accepted November 25, 2020 Available online May 5, 2021 Mosul Journal of Nursing, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021 ( 83-54 )


The application of small organic molecules for sodium‐ion batteries is generally plagued by their high solubility, poor conductivity, and sluggish redox dynamics in organic electrolyte, thus developing efficient strategies to restrain solubilization while obtaining fast charge transfer becomes a challenge. Herein, a rational hybridization strategy through hydrogen bond between organic molecule and inorganic substrate has been proposed, employing the terminal –C═O of trisodium 1, 2, 4‐benzenetricarboxylate (TBC) molecule and –OH groups of inorganic Ti3C2Tx MXene, respectively. In general, such a design evidently mitigates the aggregation of both TBC molecules and Ti3C2Tx MXene. Furthermore, the robust hydrogen bonding significantly mitigates the dissolution of TBC and guarantees the robust coupling between them, thus contributing to the integrity of electrode and modifying the electrochemical sodium storage in both half and full cells. Moreover, the systematic kinetic analysis and mechanism detection reveal improved charge transportation and robust two‐electron electrochemical reversibility of the hybrid TBC/Ti3C2Tx. Taken together, this work demonstrates a potential novel strategy toward stable and practical organic battery chemistries through hydrogen bonding with inorganic compounds.


Managing knowledge is considered an essential resource for both public and private sector organizations. Effective transfer of knowledge (KT) among the employees could give a better platform in public entities to serve its clients in a more innovative and efficient way. In the context of Southeast Asia, studies on KT in public offices in Brunei compared to that in Singapore and Malaysia is relatively low. This study has made an attempt to investigation the relationship between cultural elements (trust, communication between employees, rewards and learning & development) and Knowledge Transfer with organizational socialization as a moderating variable. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to collect responses from a range of public sector employees. In results the findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between learning & development and KT, but the hypotheses related to the other three variables: trust, communication and reward remain insignificant. On the other hand with the moderating effect trust shows significant influence over KT in building relationship with help of socialization.


The current paper discuses the potential use of Wiki as an environment for the formation of student models during distance education sessions. The idea of student models is not novel, rather their benefits in distance education. The up growth use of Wiki environment signals the culmination of variety collaborative activities in the field of distance education. Is it proper and what is the possible benefit for instructors of using Wiki as an environment for co-development of student model?


Taking 6.67 dtex×51 mm blue polyester staple fiber as example,the difference of spinning processes from regenerated polyester material and virgin polyester chip are discussed.With optimum processes of drying temperature,spinning temperature,spinning speed,quenching air velocity,draw ratio and drawing bath temperature,the 6,67 dtex×51 mm blue polyester staple fiber with good properties can be produced from regenerated polyester material.


Improving physical performance of athletes is an important goal to success in sports achievements. Aging influences both body composition and results in a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). This decline results from several factors, including increased body fat and reduced maximal cardiac output. Sex differences in agerelated decline in VO2max and lean body mass (LBM) in Masters Athletes is still not fully understood. PURPOSE: To examine the sex differences in the age-related decline in VO2max and LBM in Masters Athletes. METHODS: A total of 26 master athletes (females: n=14, males: n=12), 26 to 60 years of age, participated in this cross-sectional study. VO2max was determined via Vmax Encore metabolic system. Lean body mass was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in VO2max (40.1+8.7 and 38.2+12.1 mL/kg/minute) (t (24) = 1.29, P=0.208) and age (36.5+5.4 and 41.4+9.1 years) (t (24) = -0.784, P=0.441) between males and females, respectively. Males had a significantly greater LBM than females (t (24) = 5.59, P=0.00) (61.7+9.1 kg and 44.2+6.9, respectively). For males, there was no significant correlation between age and VO2max (r = -0.31, P =0.32), age and LBM (r = -0.23, P=0.47), or VO2max and LBM (r = 0.04, P=0.89). For females, there was a significant negative correlation between age and VO2max (r = -0.603, P=0.02); but no significant correlations were found between age and LBM (r = -0.244, P=0.40) and VO2max and LBM (r = 0.121, P=0.68). There was not a significant age-related decline in VO2max in males and females (r 2 = 0.09, r 2 = 0.36, respectively) or in LBM (r 2 = 0.05, r 2 = 0.06, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although there were declines in VO2max in both men and women, these age-related declines were not significant. In addition, age-related declines in LBM were not significant in this sample of Masters Athletes. These represent data from an unfunded research project


Abstract Rescue Public Murals (RPM) is the latest initiative undertaken by Heritage Preservation to address the urgent concerns of artists and communities about the preservation of public works of art. While resembling Save Outdoor Sculpture!, an award-winning programme that inventoried 32000 sculptures and resulted in 8 million in support, the efforts of RPM offer considerable differences from established conservation procedures. Vulnerable by nature, outdoor murals are susceptible to the ravages of weather and to interaction with the public at large. Outdoor paint media, protective coatings, and primary supports have a limited life span. Is it sufficient to document the existence of a public mural and allow the original to deteriorate? Is it ethical to allow an artist to repaint earlier work as the neighbourhood changes? RPM is addressing the ethical and preservation challenges presented by these enormous works of art, and validating their importance as a significant artistic and social expression of the past half century.


With the rapid growth of population and the increasing demand for food worldwide, improving productivity in farming procedures is essential. Smart farming is a concept that emphasizes the use of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance productivity in farming practices. In a smart farming scenario, large amounts of data are collected from diverse sources such as wireless sensor networks, network-connected weather stations, monitoring cameras, and smartphones. These data are valuable resources to be used in data-driven services and decision support systems (DSS) in farming applications. However, one of the major challenges with these large amounts of agriculture data is their immense diversity in terms of format and meaning. Moreover, the different services and technologies in a smart farming ecosystem have limited capability to work together due to the lack of standardized practices for data and system integration. These issues create a significant challenge in cooperative service provision, data and technology integration, and data-sharing practices. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose the platform approach, a design approach intended to guide building effective, reliable, and robust smart farming systems. The proposed platform approach considers six requirements for seamless integration, processing, and use of farm data. These requirements in a smart farming platform include interoperability, reliability, scalability, real-time data processing, end-to-end security and privacy, and standardized regulations and policies. A smart farming platform that considers these requirements leads to increased productivity, profitability, and performance of connected smart farms. In this paper, we aim at introducing the platform approach concept for smart farming and reviewing the requirements for this approach.


The present invention provides a light projection device may change the pattern of light projection. The light projection apparatus comprising: a plurality of emitting excitation light excitation light source; fluorescent member is excited from a source of excitation light; excitation light source control section for controlling an output; light projection member and the projection light emitted from the fluorescent member. Fluorescent member comprising a plurality of excitation light is applied to the application region, and the control portion controls the excitation light source so as to individually control the output of the excited state application region.


A brilliant new light shines in Grenoble, France, where officials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility last week announced the reopening of their completely rebuilt x-ray source. The ring-shaped machine, 844 meters around, generates x-ray beams 100 times brighter than its predecessor and 10 trillion times brighter than medical x-rays. The intense radiation could open up new vistas in x-ray science, such as imaging whole organs in three dimensions while resolving individual cells. The reborn synchrotron, dubbed the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS), will open to general users in late August, but since April, researchers have used its intense beams to study SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and the disease9s impact on the body. And the EBS is lighting the way for others, as the United States, Japan, and a dozen other countries develop similar machines.


The existing methods based on convex-optimization theory, which use the concept of SINR, can just design the optimal precoder for each user with single antenna. In this paper, we design the optimal precoding matrices for multi-user MIMO downlinks by solving the optimization problem that minimizes total transmit power subject to signal-leakage-plus-noise-ratio (SLNR) constraints. Because SLNR of each user is determined by its own precoding matrix and is independent of other users, the goal problem can be separated into a series of decoupled low-complexity quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs). Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, these QCQPs can be reformulated into the semidefinite programs (SDP) and be solved effectively. Simulation results show that proposed precoding scheme is quite feasible when each user has two receive antennas, and it has better bit error rate (BER) performance than the original maximal-SLNR precoding scheme when SLNR of each user satisfies large threshold value.


Laser based powder bed fusion (LBPF) or selective laser melting (SLM) is making a leap march towards fabricating novel materials with improved functionalities. An attempt has been made here to fabricate hard quasicrystalline composites via SLM, which demonstrates that the process parameters can be used to vary the phases in the composites. The mechanical properties of the composite depend on their constituents and hence can be varied by varying the process parameters. The results show that SLM not only produces parts with improved functionalities and complex shape but also leads to defined phases and tunable properties.


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-filled epoxy composites and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coatings were prepared by mechanical grinding with the use of a planetary ball mill. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, electromagnetic absorption and reflection properties of the materials were investigated. With MWCNTs loadings higher than 20 wt%, epoxy/MWCNTs composites and PMMA/MWCNTs coatings also exhibited the full capability of shielding from more than 99% electromagnetic radiation at the 100 MHz–14 GHz frequency range.


The Microtus arvalis outbreaks in 1974 and 1980 in the Dutch grassland area of the Alblasserwaard raised doubts about the validity of a theory of the disappearance of the vole plagues developed earlier, in which intensive use of grassland was indicated as the key factor. The meaning of intensive use is analysed and the occurrence of a 'relative neglect' in this area is postulated. In recent years, improvements in grassland management have been observed. Land consolidation projects, such as the one in progress in the area at the time of the outbreaks, are generally favourable, but may cause a transitory instability and so even enhance the rise of plagues. It seems that the situation has stabilized, as little damage occurred during the last 2 potential outbreak years. Chemical control is not expected to offer a solution during an outbreak.


The structurally similar neuropeptides and hormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) play significant and complex roles in modulating a range of social behaviours, including social recognition and bond formation. Although OT has well-known roles in facilitating prosocial behaviors and enhancing emotion recognition, AVP has received increasing interest for diverging effects on social cognition behaviour most notably in males. The current study aimed to determine whether AVP also modulates the ability to understand emotion. Using a randomised double blind procedure, 45 healthy young males received either an AVP or placebo nasal spray and completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). In contrast to previous findings, there were no significant differences observed in performance on the RMET between AVP and placebo groups, even after examining items separated by task difficulty, emotional valence, and gender. This study provides diverging evidence from previous findings and adds to the growing body of research exploring the influence of neuropeptide hormones in social behaviour. It demonstrates that in this sample of participants, AVP does not enhance the ability to understand higher order emotion from others. Implications and suggestions for future AVP administration studies are discussed.


Objective To study the changes of nailfold microcirculation and hemorrheology of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods We divided the patients into three groups:early,relieved and late stage according to the international standard of RA diagnosis,The changes of nailfold microcircula-tion and hemorrheology of each group were observed.Results The nailfold microcirculation and hemorrheology of three groups changed to diffierent extent.Conclusions There were microcirculation stasis and pathologic changes of hemorrheology in RA patients,and the tendency was that the longer the disease lasts,the more serious the pathologic changes were.


Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMPA) is used in a wide range of industrial applications, mainly because of its binding ability toward several metal cations. Because of difficulties in its synthesis and purification, very little reliable data have been reported in the literature about the coordination chemistry of this ligand in aqueous solution. For these reasons, in this article, we report an efficient procedure for the synthesis and purification of DTPMPA. The pure product obtained was used to determine its acid–base properties in different aqueous ionic media, namely, (C2H5)4NI(aq), NaCl(aq), and KCl(aq), at 288.15 ≤ T/K ≤ 318.15 [only T = 298.15 K for KCl(aq)] by potentiometry (H+ ion-selective electrode, glass electrode) and at different ionic strengths (0 < I/mol L–1 ≤ 1.0). Measurements performed in alkali metal chlorides were also interpreted in terms of weak complex formation between DTPMPA and Na+ and K+, and further measurements were also performed in NaCl...


This study is devoted to solar like oscillations, i. E. Excited by turbulent convection in the outer convective zone of the star. Rotation affects the fine structure of the frequency spectrum by lifting. A degeneracy similary as the Zeeman effect. Ln the first, I study how rotational pattern in the spectrum is affected by the magnetic field using a 9 years data set of solar observations by GOLF on board the SOHO spacecraft. I have intented to show the differential response of the modes to the magnetic field depending on their spatial structure at the surface. After testing the method of measure on artificial data, I showed that there is a variation of the multiplet asymetry with the frequency at solar low activity and that this pattern vanishes at higher activity. Moreover in the future one should use in parallel spatially resolved observations of the solar disk. The second part is dedicated to the seismology of other solar like stars, and more precisely on the international rotation of such objects. Using numerical stellar models, I could show that the po or diversity of available modes does not prevent to partially infer the rotation profile along the radius for such sorne specific stars. Constraints on the mass age and surface velocity of such potential targets in the frame of the COROT mission are given. Eventually, stars with surface rotating 10 times faster than the sun are not uncommon. The frequency spectrum of such rotators is strongly affected by non-linear effects and near degeneracy between close models. I could show that in such cases these effects should no longer be neglected should be taken into account to properly understand the spectrum and to model such objets.


Our researches were focused on the study of the possibility to use the Silicon-chitosancontaining hydrogels as the more active antimicrobial substances needed for the manufacture of drugs for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Up until now, its antimicrobial activity is not well researched and its validity remains only vaguely defined.


The primary limitation of the conventional techniques of surface roughness measurement is that the stylus has to traverse perpendicular to the machine lay always. The present research looks at the non contact, fiber optics based methodology using solid state lasers, which evaluates surface finish independent of the machine lay and surface orientation. The basic principle involves using diffracted laser light and digitizing the information to measure surface irregularities. The research has wide applications in manufacturing industries. One typical application described is the measurement of surface irregularities of a contoured turbine blade root attachment area as used in Aerospace industry. The paper outlines the optimization of the instrument using Design of Experiments or Robust Design procedure. The paper explains the steps involved in achieving reliable and quality design by taguchi experimentation.


With the more and more applying of BOT mode in highway industry,public and media pay more attention on investors obtaining return far exceeding expected,so how to make objective and fair accountability on highway BOT project financing decision is worth considering.


Traditional system of medicinal consists of large n umber of plants with various medicinal and pharmaco logical importances and hence represents a priceless tank o f ew bioactive molecules. Medicinal herbs are movi ng from fringe to mainstream use with a greater number of p e ple seeking remedies and health approaches free f rom side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. India offici ally recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicina l value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk and herbal medicine . This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phyto chemical and pharmacological aspects of Ix ra coccinea. Key-Words: Medicinal herbs, Ixora coccinea, comprehensive review Introduction Medicinal plants have been of age long remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value . Plants are used in modern medicine where they occupy a very significant place as raw material for important drugs . Plants are considerably useful and economically essential. They contain act ive constituents that are used in the treatment of many human diseases. Plants are rich sources of ecologic a ly developed secondary metabolites, which are potentia l remedies for different ailments. Ixora coccinea Linn (Rubiaceae) is known as Jungle of Geranium (or) Flame of the woods or vetchi in Ayurveda. It is a common flowering shrub native to Asia. It is name derived from an Indian deity. Alth ough there are some 400 species in the genus Ixora coccinea is a dense, multi – branched ever green shrub commonly 4-6 ft (1-2-2m) in height, but capable of reaching up to 12ft (3.6m) height. It is traditiona lly used as hepatoprotective, Chemoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti–mit ot c and anti-inflammatory activities. Decoction of root s used for nausea, hiccups and anorexia. Powered root s used for sores and chronic ulcers In indo – china , root decoction used to clarify the urine, poultice fresh leaves and stems for sprains, eczema, boils and contusions . * Corresponding Author E-Mail: email@example.com Mob.: 09652289369 Botanical study Kingdom : Plantae Order : Gentianales Family : Rubiaceae Subfamily : Ixoroideae Tribe : Ixoreae Genus : Ixora


This article is a personal testimony of the great suffering experienced by thousands of Rwandan parents on learning of the killing of their children in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. In the face of the unprecedented social cataclysm that led my eldest son to his death, my intent is to demonstrate the necessity of resituating ideas about grief and trauma in a framework that is coherent with Rwandan culture. This is essential if one wishes to help Rwandans find words for their fears, hopes and questions about the loss of loved ones in the context of extreme violence. By discussing the intervention offered by my mother, I address the approach used in Rwandan tradition as a response to and therapeutic tool for extreme grief and trauma.


Objective: Evaluation and analysis applications postpartum hemorrhage shock invasive blood pressure monitoring clinical results. Methods: randomly selected in February 2012- June 2015 to concurrent postpartum hospital childbirth 92 cases of hemorrhagic shock patients for the study,measuring systolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg who as a group( 32 cases),systolic blood pressure of 90 to 140 mm Hg for the group 2( 30 cases),systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg for the three groups( 30 cases),while the three groups invasive and noninvasive blood pressure,blood pressure monitoring. Results: Postoperative systolic blood pressure monitoring consistency situations: 1 group of two monitoring methods mean difference was- 4. 9 mm Hg,2 group was 2. 0mm Hg,3 group was 16. 8 mm Hg; 1 set of super caps,super lower range was 0,12. 50%; 2 group over the upper limit,the lower limit of the range of the number of ultra- 16. 00%,12. 00%; three groups over the upper limit,the lower limit of the range of the number of super- 6. 67%,0. Two monitoring methods mean difference( 2) 1 group was- 3. 0 mm Hg,2 group was- 4. 1 mm Hg,3 group was 0. 4 mm Hg; 1 set of super caps,super lower range number15. 63%,12. 50%; 2 group super cap the number of ultra- lower range of 4. 00% 8. 00%; three groups over the upper limit,the lower limit of the range of the number of super- 8. 57%,22. 86%. Conclusion: The invasive blood pressure monitoring can be more subtle abnormalities of blood pressure monitoring,the exact situation for health care workers to provide basic patient.


In the trial,Brachiaria decumbens Stapf No.3,Brachiaria brizantha Stapf No.6,S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.7 and S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.2 were selceted for studied material.The methods with drying by baking(180 ℃,10 min),dried in the sun(5d),baked in fire after dried in the sun for one day(180 ℃,10 min) and dry in the shade(15d) were applied respcetively.The best sample of all kinds of herbage were selceted to study the nutritions content in these tropical grasses.The experiment results showed that dried grasses content was high crude protein and water solution carbohydrate (WSC) according to drying methods.Dried by baking is the best method amongthem,then but dry in the shade and baked in fire after dried in the sun for one day,dried in the sun was the worest.


This paper gives and proves, when a n order real matrix has any eigenvalues of the maximum modulus, the power method evalued all the maximum modulus eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors. This method has widened the power method theory.


A reaction system for treating exhaust gas of a glass melting furnace is provided to enable continuous treatment by avoiding totally or partially a need for preliminarily removing pollutants from the exhaust gas. A reaction system for treating exhaust gas of a glass melting furnace comprises: a main body(10) including a reaction section containing an activated carbon catalyst, a discharge section having a tapered shape, and a discharge pipe(11) for conveying the catalyst having decreased activity after the reaction with the exhaust gas; a rotation driving section(A) including a plurality of rotation shafts(21) mounted on the inner wall of the main body by bearings(22), a roller(20) disposed around the rotation shafts and having such a degree of diameter that the activated carbon catalyst easily infiltrates therethrough, a pinion gear(30a) disposed at one end of the rotation shafts, and a rack gear(30b) permitting rotation of the pinion gear and linked to a motor; a discharge control pipe(40) for controlling the discharge of the activated carbon upon the shutdown of the rotation driving section; and a scrapper(50) for removing the activated carbon catalyst and impurities deposited to the roller.


The field of optical design has a rich history and a rewarding future. Four leaders in the field will start the International Optical Design Conference with a plenary panel to discuss the history, the current trends, and what the outlook is for this exciting field. Topics will range from lens design in previous years to zoom lens to microlithography to free-form surfaces for illumination to imaging applications.


The article defines the main criteria of office buildings intelligence, describes the stages of intelligent buildings formation, analyzes the profitability of the introduction of modern technical means (engineering systems) and architectural planning techniques in office buildings. At different stages of civilization, the concept of "technology" defines the path leading to future progress, and the rate of technology change is directly proportional to the rate of progress. Nowadays, artificial intelligence is extremely important for the functioning of modern office buildings, including the impact on the environment, resource conservation, safety, comfort and life support. According to research based on the works of scientists such as Derek Clements-Croome, Mervi Himannen, Akin Adejimi and others, and based on the analysis of intellectual buildings of the world from the 50s of the twentieth century to the present, 4 stages of intelligent buildings formation were identified. At the first stage (1950-1980) of the formation, separate controllers were introduced. At the second stage (1980-1995), the introduction of the "artificial intelligence" - Building Management System (BMS) - was developed and used. At the third stage (from 1995 to 2010) an intelligent building management system (IBMS) was introduced, which can independently identify threats, look for ways to achieve results and make decisions. Starting from 2010, we can highlight the fourth stage of development of the intelligent buildings, in which, in addition to the availability of the intelligent management system (IBMS), it became necessary to use approaches of sustainable architecture. The research results indicate that the office building should be classified as an "intelligent building" if it meets the following criteria: 1. Has artificial intelligence (IBMS), which autonomously manages the building; 2. Has at least 15 thousand information points, in other words, sensors and controllers, through which information is received from controlled engineering systems about the state of equipment and the environment, the state of building structures, etc.; 3. Complies with the principles of sustainable architecture, when planning and architectural techniques can minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment through energy efficiency. The article proves that the office buildings intelligence is determined by the availability of both technological means and the optimal architectural concept, which minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment; improve energy efficiency and conditions of the building exploitation. Therefore, further research of intelligent buildings from the point of architectural view is necessary, because a modern office building must be designed with the ability to adapt to rapid changes in technology and human needs.


Analyses of oil-field waters of the United States are assembled in diagrams. From the position of the geological units in these diagrams it follows that in the development of connate water from sea water, two distinct diagenetic phases must be recognized. The first phase is the precipitation of magnesium and calcium and sulphate and carbonate, the second phase is a concentration with a gradual increase of magnesium and calcium ions. It is supposed that the first phase is due to base exchange with the clay sediment, and the second phase to a semi-permeable property of the shales during the later stages of compaction.


Dear Editor, We would like to make a brief contribution in response to the interesting article by Leiby et al. entitled 'International survey on the impact of parasitic infections: frequency of transmission and current mitigation strategies', which was recently published in Vox Sanguinis (Vox Sang. 2019; 114: 17-27). The authors describe the results of an international survey on the impact of parasitic infections, focusing on the frequency of transmission and the approaches currently implemented to reduce the transfusion-transmission risk of babesiosis, Chagas, leishmaniasis and malaria diseases. The diverse mitigation efforts reported by Leiby et al. are based mainly on riskbased questionnaires, deferral policies and donor testing, either selective or universal. We would like to highlight that another approach to prevent Chagas, leishmaniasis and malaria transfusion-transmission is leucoreduction by filtration of whole blood (WB) and/or red blood cells (RBC), used for decades in many countries, yet perhaps overlooked as a preventive measure. The Leishmania parasite, an intracellular monocyte pathogen, can be effectively removed from infected blood components by leucoreduction filters. Our research group clearly demonstrated the efficacy of RBC leucoreduction filters in the prevention of Leishmania transfusion-transmission, determining the Leishmania parasitemia load by PCR before and after filtration in RBC units collected from asymptomatic L. infantum-infected blood donors [1]. We have also shown that RBC and WB leucoreduction by filtration reduces T. cruzi concentrations by 99% and consequently can potentially decrease Chagas disease transfusion-transmission risk [2, 3]. Moreover, Cardo et al. [4] have reported the adherence of malaria-infected RBC to WB filters by at least three different mechanisms, suggesting that the unexplained decline in the incidence of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the last decades could be due to the increasing use of leucoreduction filters. The effectiveness of leucoreduction against other parasites, such as Babesia sp., remains to be demonstrated. Another useful strategy for preventing parasite transfusion-transmission is the use of pathogen reduction technologies (PRT), not only in plasma and platelet components but also WB [3, 5]. As mentioned by Leiby et al., the high cost of PRT implementation may be prohibitive in poor countries where parasitic infections are endemic. In contrast, leucoreduction by filtration, although it cannot completely eliminate parasitic transmission risk, can represent a suitable and inexpensive alternative for reducing leishmaniasis, malaria and Chagas transfusion-transmission risk, not only where they are endemic but also in non-endemic countries with a high rate of immigration from Latin America and Africa.


Based on the excavation of Chaodongyan tunnel, a numerical analysis conceming the influence of karst caves in the top of tunnel on stability of the surrounding rock masses is carried out by using the ANSYS software system; the yield initiation is assumed to occur following Druck-Prager failure criterion. The results of numerical modeling show that the stability of the surrounding rockmass of the top of tunnel increases with increace of the distance between the karst cave and tunnel; and reduces with increace of the karst cave size. There is a good relationship between the deformation of the surrounding rockmass and the distance from the karst cave to tunnel. The limited distance between the karst cave and tunnel is about 2-3 times of the diameter of karst cave. The character of stress field and plastic district of the tunnel surrounding rock masses is discussed.


For many years all therapeutic efforts directed towards the prevention and alleviation of deafness have represented a relatively remote approach to the problem. The chief concern has been the control of infection in the upper respiratory tract and in the ears, its prompt recognition when present, and the immediate adoption of appropriate therapeutic measures. Strangely enough, the hereditary factor was given great importance long before general constitutional disorders were considered as contributory to impaired hearing, regardless of the acute infectious episodes so frequently developed in the establishment of a well taken past history. The pendulum has swung far back in the past ten years or at least swung far the other way. We now know that true hereditary deafness or congenital deafness, in the sense that the parents contributed a mutual defect to the offspring, is probably a rare condition. In the natural course of prenatal development, certain biologic defects occasionally manifest themselves in the normal development of the organ of hearing. These biologic defects render this particular anatomic structure peculiarly susceptible to the trauma of infection or constitutional disease of any character. The breakdown may occur in utero, it may be a neonatal development, or may manifest itself at any time in the first three years of life. Its incidence thereafter is progressively and strikingly less.


A glassy carbon electrode was modified by co-immobilization of tyrosinase and a conducting poly(1-vinylimidazole)-based osmium polymer on its surface. The ability of this biosensor to function as a detector for the HPLC determination of phenolic compounds, such as p-aminophenol, phenol, p-cresol, catechol and p-chlorophenol, was then assessed. The mobile phases investigated were binary mixtures of methanol and phosphate buffer. The effects of operational parameters, such as the concentrations of the electrode-modifying compounds, i.e., the osmium polymer and the cross-linking agent, poly(ethylene glycol), the mobile phase flow rate, the working potential and the biosensor's short-term stability were investigated and optimized. The biosensor exhibited a 100–200-fold improvement in sensitivity and detection limit when compared with a UV/VIS spectrophotometric detector. The amperometric phenol biosensor's was able to detect catechol, phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol and four other phenolic compounds in cigarette filter tips.


Abstract Laboratory tank experiments indicated that turbidity levels up to 160 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) did not reduce the feeding rates of adult smelt (Retropinna retropinna Richardson), or inanga (Galaxias maculatus Jenyns), on Daphnia sp. Mean feeding rates were higher for inanga than for smelt. However, the lower rates for smelt were related to the greater variation in individual feeding rates. Specifically, a few fish fed intensively while most did not. As the feeding ability of both species was unaffected by turbidity levels up to 160 NTU, they were less sensitive to turbidity than juvenile banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus Gray). Juvenile banded kokopu should therefore be used as the benchmark species for setting turbidity guidelines to protect native fish in rivers where this species is present. Both juvenile and adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson) appear to be more sensitive to turbidity than adult inanga and smelt, so should be used as benchmark species in all other waters.


Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a specific style of disordered eating defined as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food, or going to extremes in the pursuit of a diet that is supposed to be good for you. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa tendencies in college female soccer players in the NCAA Division 1. Purposive sampling was used, and participants were current student-athletes from the Missouri State women's soccer team (n=18). Survey research was utilized to assess athletes' attitudes and behaviors related to various aspects of diet and training, and the control it has over their lives, using the ORTHO-15 to assess orthorexia nervosa tendencies and the Eating Habit Questionnaire (EHQ) scales. Other survey items included weight status and motives for eating behaviors as well as three open ended qualitative items. Between the ORTHO-15 and EHQ, a statistically significant positive correlation existed (r=0.595, p=0.007). The mean scores for the ORTHO-15 and the EHQ were 39.94  6.44 and 66.67  6.90 respectively. Implications from this research indicate a trend towards orthorexia nervosa behaviors among college female soccer players, which warrants correlations between the ORTHO-15 and EHQ scores were analyzed. The mean differences between the ORTHO-15 and EHQ summed scores, respectively, were assessed between weight status, motives for diet, and athletic identity independently with each of the ORTHO-15 and EHQ summed scores. The means in ORTHO-15 and EHQ summed scores, respectively, between groups who valued health, performance or thinness the most were assessed to determine whether any of those means were statistically significantly different from each other. The standard alpha value of 0.050 was utilized. The open ended-questions assessing participants' meaning of health and purpose for eating the way they do were qualitatively analyzed by grouping responses into themes to determine trends.


The unique continuation property has been intensively studied for a long time due to the important role that plays in the applications. The validity of the unique continuation property for symmetric regularized long wave equation is showed in this paper. The result is established by using an appropriate Carleman‐type estimate for a partial differential operators closely related to our problem. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


sion, was the main contributor to the need for care (populationattributable prevalence fraction = 64.6%) and to caregivers cutting back on work (population attributable prevalence frac tion = 57.3%) in Cuba [4] . 10/66 dementia was also strongly associated with clinically significant caregiver psychological morbidity [4] . Because LAC encompasses an amalgam of cultures and populations, socioeconomic disparities, languages, and ethnic origins, the dementia epidemic is not geographically homogeneous, and it is hard to generalize among countries. However, there are common factors that characterize this region, which have prevented an effective response to the emerging dementia epidemic. These factors include widespread poverty; a general lack of knowledge of the causes, symptoms, and treatment of dementia; weak or nonexistent advocacy groups for dementia sufferers and their families; the view that dementia is a normal part of aging; the social stigma associated with mental disorders, and a dearth of dementia research and researchers in developing countries.


Objective To establish assay mothod for rats urotensin Ⅱdetection by ELISA,and explore the clinical effection of urotensin Ⅱ on cardiovascular.Methods Use ELISA to detect the content of Urotensin Ⅱ in 26 cases of Wistar-Kyoto rats and 28 cases of SHR individually.Results ELISA has better accuracy and wilder line range,the average CV within groups is 7.2%,and among groups is 12.7%.The content in static group of WKY is (106.2±60.2)ng/ml,and in dynamic group is (278.3±150.8)ng/ml; The content in static group of SHY is (122.4±83.2)ng/ml,while in dynamic group is (108.9±74.6)ng/ml.The difference between the dynamic group of WKY and the other three groups is notable(P0.05) but the defference among this three groups is not markedl(P0.05).Conclusion This methods can detect the content of urotensin Ⅱeffectivelly,and urotensin Ⅱ has strong function in contracting vascular and inhibiting heart.It has a certain clinical meaning on the formation mechanism of cardiovascular desease.


A cellular radio system wherein a base station receiver can receive data from the mobile terminal on the reverse link in four modes. In a first mode, the mobile terminal transmits on the reverse link independent user pilot and user data channel is synchronized to this independent user pilot. In the second mode, the mobile user terminal that its subordinate base station pilot received pilot, and the user data channel is synchronized to the pilot user. In a third mode, the mobile user terminal that its subordinate base station pilot received pilot, but the user data channel using the ranging information received from the base station operates in the orthogonal mode. Phase relationship between the channel and the user data channel calibration pilot user. User pilot carrier is also the carrier for the user data channel, and may be used as the carrier reference detected user data channel. In the fourth mode, the mode of the slave pilot mode 3 is used to capture, but after acquisition, phase shifts the user pilot code so as to synchronize with the user data channel, making it an orthogonal channel.


Katarzyna NADANA The Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Warszawa) Konopnicka: flirting with freedom Review: Lena Magnone, Maria Konopnicka. Lustra i symptomy ['Maria Konopnicka. Mirrors and the symptoms'], slowo/obraz terytoria, Gdansk 2010. The book by Lena Magnone describes the life and works of Maria Konopnicka using the methodology of feminist critism. The reviewer presents the most interesting theses of the book concerning the poet's biography (personalities and vicissitudes of Konopnicka's daughters as 'symptoms' of the poet's repressed feminity) and her works (her woman-centric sensitivity as reflected in her short stories, orphanage and importance of a relationship with the Mother as the leading theme of lyrical verse and its relation with the melical form of the Konopnicka poetry). Magnone also proposes her own perspective of insight of the poet's works, emphasising the meaningful lack therein of a representation of female characters belonging to her own social stratum.


We report on a systematic investigation of wavelength scaling strong-field double ionization of Mg in intense laser fields. A significant decrease of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) yield with increasing wavelength from 800--2000 nm is observed. Our data is well reproduced by a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation considering recollision impact excitation cross section. We demonstrate that the NSDI of Mg mainly occurs via the first ionic excited state ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{+*}(3p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3/2,1/2})$ pumped by returning electron impact process. The recollision impact direct ionization pathway plays a minor role here. The wavelength dependence of the NSDI ratio is due to the recollision energy-dependent excitation cross section as well as the electron wave packet diffusion effects, both sensitively depending on the wavelength. Our work represents a step towards strong-field double ionization experiments on Mg in the long wavelength limit and sheds light on the NSDI mechanism of alkaline-earth metal atoms.


In the modern world remains of crisis phenomena, which have emerged even in the twentieth century. Their main reason is the loss of human perceptions of their place in the world. The significance of their own genius works of science, technology, economy, etc. replaced in the list of vital priorities of the importance of himself in the last place. The culture of the twentieth century was painted characteristics such as totalitarianism, rationalism and scientism, технократия, loss of relations with nature, the devaluation of moral values. The modern world, human consciousness is in desperate need of resuscitation through appeal to the study of the essence of the spiritual nature of man. This need has led in the last decade of the last Millennium to a religious revival, the revival and popularization of various spiritual practices, especially in the Russian society.


It is well known that interstellar spectral features correlate with color excess E(B$-$V). This suggests that measuring intensities of these features allows one to estimate reddening of stars. The aim of this paper is to check how tight intensities of interstellar diffuse bands (DIBs)are related to the amount of extinction, measured using E(B$-$V). We have measured equivalent widths of the strongest DIBs (centered at $\lambda\lambda$ 5780.6, 5797.0, 6196.0, 6379.3, 6613.5, and 8620.7 A), as well as of CH (near 4300.3 A) and CH$^+$ (near 4232.5 A) in high resolution, high S/N ratio echelle spectra from several spectrographs. The equivalent widths of the 8620 DIB in noisy spectra were measured using a template, which was constructed using the high quality spectrum of BD+40 4220. DIB relations with the color excess in the range 0.1--2.0 mag were examined. Our careful analysis demonstrates that all the above mentioned interstellar spectral features (except, perhaps, 6379 DIB) do correlate with E(B$-$V) relatively tightly (with the Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.8+). Moreover, the observed scatter is apparently not caused by measurement errors but is of physical origin. We present several examples where the strength ratios of a DIB/molecule to E(B$-$V) are different than the average.


Why, at the recent congress of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), did a Greenpeace worker break down in tears when the elephant was removed from Appendix 1, so reopening limited trade in ivory? When Councillor Mushangwe, of Zimbabwe's Muzarabani District Council (beneficiary of a CAMPHRE project), said, "We like our elephants, but we hate the damage they cause," what exactly did he mean by "like," so much more elusive an emotion than that specific "hate"?1 Why does Fidelity Bank, in a recent advertisement, use the elephant as a symbol of matriarchal strength and caring wisdom?2 What is the emotional genealogy of the recent furore over the fate of thirty young elephants 'kidnapped' from Tuli?3 What role has literature played in forming such attitudes towards a creature which is, arguably, the most potent animal symbol of Africanness and a 'flagship' icon of recent ecological movements and debates? Most broadly and contentiously, what role could, or even should, literature play in defining attitudes towards our environment?


Objective: Fifty-five patients with fibromyalgia were followed by means of routine visits for a mean of 8 years. The patients were all invited for a special follow-up study. Methods: Clinical symptoms, tender points, laboratory tests and muscle function were studied. Results: Fibromyalgia symptoms were stable, with fluctuations but few remissions. Muscle function tests showed a marked reduction of muscle strength and muscle endurance as compared to healthy controls. Histocompatibility antigens did not differ from the normal population. One patient developed rheumatoid arthritis. One patient developed rheumatoid arthritis. One patient was free of symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that fibromyalgia is a chronic muscular pain disorder with muscle pain, fatigue and stiffness as the main symptoms. Symptoms remain stable over years. The muscle function is markedly reduced. The condition has a marked impact on work capacity.


A NALYSIS of milk production costsusing crosssection data is complicated by the need to convert observed quantities of milk to a standard butterfat content. This need arises because the market price per hundredweight of milk is a function of its butterfat content. In other words, the market treats milks of different butterfat levels as if they are different products. Meaningful analysis of costs can be developed only for standardized units. Calculation of average production costs per hundredweight of milk using unadjusted quantities is not unlike estimating the average cost of producing a unit of automobiles and horses. This problem has been widely recognized by economists. Few, if any, analyses have failed to convert observed quantities to standard units. The fat corrected milk (FCM) procedure developed by Gaines [2] is widely used by economists for this purpose. This procedure, however, compounds the problem it is intended to solve and introduces a bias into the cost analysis. The purpose of this note is to demonstrate the nature of this bias and to suggest a more appropriate standardization procedure for use in economic analysis. The butterfat level selected as the base is


Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of traumatic incident reduction (TIR) among a sample of adults with trauma histories through a review of client records. TIR is a brief, structured, person-centered, memory-based intervention that helps individuals process traumatic memories, thus eliminating or significantly reducing negative psychological consequences and promoting insight and growth. Method: On average, participants (N = 247) were 37 years old (SD = 10.98), mostly women, and racially and ethnically diverse. Self-reported posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and expectations for future success were assessed prior to treatment, midway, and after treatment. A series of analysis of covariance models with repeated measures were examined, controlling for participants' biological sex and total number of hours spent in psychoeducational groups. Results: Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms were significantly reduced, and expectations for future success increased. Conclusions: Findings support the potential of TIR to positively impact clients' mental health and well-being.


The Ag/Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 (BSCCO) interface in Ag-clad Bi-2212 tapes was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The interface was found to be well bonded and free of nonsuperconducting second phases. However, a one-half-unit-cell-thick layer of the Bi-2201 phase was observed between the Bi-2212 phase and the Ag-cladding. A very strong texturing of the (00 1) planes of the BSCCO parallel to the Ag was seen. When the interface was nearly parallel to the Bi-22 12 (00 1) planes, it tended to facet onto (00 1) , leaving steps of height equal to one-half the Bi-2201 lattice spacing. Thus, strong (001) texturing extends to the atomic scale.


A survey was carried out among a segment of a Nigerian urban population in an attempt to determine the range of cooking methods and time commonly used in the preparation of beef for the table. Responses were obtained from 492 respondents who cut across several defined age groups and economic The findings indicate that almost all the respondents cook their meat from the fresh state. Boiling was the most frequently used cooking method followed by boiling/frying and boiling /frying/stewing which are the traditional systems of preparing stew in Nigeria. Boiling/stewing was used more frequently by the 41-50yr age group but was least used by the 25-20yr age group. Most respondents cook their beef for between 20 and 40 min, and utilized the broth from the boiled meat in preparing the stew rather than discarding it. The level of tenderness of the cooked meat was singularly the most important factor while marbling was the least factor contributing to its acceptability


Federal legislation has yet to be implemented designating pharmacists as health care providers. Progress has taken place at the state level, with California and Washington among the first states to successfully pass such legislation. Although the designation of pharmacists as providers has now been realized in these states, it should be recognized that the road to provider status has required decades of legislative efforts and advocacy. Similarities, as well as differences, are evidenced with the two states' efforts to expand pharmacy scope of practice. Although the goal of provider status has been accomplished in California and Washington, the lack of shared patient health care records among pharmacies and other segments of the health care delivery system, and a robust business model, are barriers to full implementation of pharmacist provider services.


Geochemical specifics of lake water of the Kulunda Steppe territory (Altay region, Russia) are studied. The results show that in the territory mainly chloride and less soda lakes with sodium compound are developed. It is presented that calcite and soda saturation indexes (SI) of lake water increase with growth of pH, but decrease in such minerals as gypsum and barite. The opposite situation is typical for SI depending on the salinity. It is revealed that evaporation, secondary mineral formation and various biological processes have the greatest impact on accumulation of elements in solution.


AIM
To validate the changes among the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth staging system for cutaneous melanoma.

METHODOLOGY
Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2014) was queried. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were evaluated according to both AJCC seventh and eighth systems.

RESULTS
Overall survival was assessed according to the two editions and p-values for overall trend were significant (p < 0.001) for all scenarios. Notably for pathologically staged patients, the mean survival for stage IIC was lower than that for stage IIIA and IIIB. Likewise, among clinically staged patients the mean survival for stage IIC was lower than that for stage III (these findings were identical among both editions).

CONCLUSION
AJCC eighth system holds comparable performance to AJCC seventh system.


Review.
Spoilage, crying and wild, as a phenomenon of Russian folk life. Dr. Maditsina I. B. Krainskago, director of Kolomenskaya psychiatric hospital with a foreword by Academician V.A. Bekhterev, director of the clinic for mental and nervous diseases Imperial Military Medical Academy. Novgorod 1900 Ts. 1 rub. 50 kopecks


The serine protease, thrombin, is necessary for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and is a potent activator of platelets. Thrombin-induced platelet activation, as measured by shape change, calcium mobilization, and ATP secretion, requires the protease-activator receptor 4 (PAR4). Platelets isolated from PAR4 knock-out mice are unresponsive to thrombin, and PAR4 null mice appear to be protected from thrombosis in a ferric chloride-induced injury model of thrombosis and a thromboplastin model of pulmonary embolism. To examine further the role of thrombin-induced platelet activation in developing thrombi, we have examined the in vivo kinetics of thrombus formation in living mice lacking PAR4 using high-speed widefield digital microscopy. In this study, platelets were labeled using anti-CD41 Fab fragments conjugated to Alexa-488. Thrombi were generated by laser-induced injury of the cremaster arteriolar vessel wall, and the total fluorescent antibody accumulation was monitored and quantitated for 5 minutes after injury. In PAR4 null mice, the thrombi generated were significantly smaller with an early arrest of thrombus growth when compared to thrombi generated in wild-type mice. The maximum thrombus platelet accumulation in PAR4 null mice (median of 30 thrombi in 3 mice) was 75% less than that seen in wild-type mice (median of 33 thrombi in 4 mice)(P<0.001). The time to half-maximal and the time to maximal thrombus formation in PAR4 null mice is approximately 5.5 seconds and 16 seconds, respectively, compared to 45 seconds and 74 seconds in wild-type mice (P<0.001). The shortened time to maximal platelet accumulation appears to be secondary to an early termination of thrombus growth. Fibrin generation was monitored using Alexa-647 conjugated to an anti-fibrin antibody that does not recognize fibrinogen in mice simultaneously infused with anti-CD41 Fab conjugated to Alexa-488. No difference in total fibrin accumulation was seen during the first 4 minutes of thrombus formation in PAR4 null mice (median of 23 thrombi in 3 mice) compared to thrombi generated in wild-type mice (median of 26 thrombi in 4 mice) despite a significant decrease in platelet accumulation in PAR4 null thrombi. Most of the fibrin deposition in both wild-type and PAR4 null thrombi was observed at the vascular wall/thrombus interface. In summary, thrombin-induced platelet activation via PAR4 is required for normal thrombus growth. However, in this model of thrombosis, neither PAR4 nor maximal thrombus growth appears to be necessary for fibrin deposition. This suggests that a platelet-independent mechanism of thrombin generation may exist. Alternatively, the amount of platelet accumulation and activation in PAR4 null mice may be sufficient for normal thrombin generation and subsequent fibrin deposition.


In the discussion on my previous paper read on February 22, 1883, it was suggested that I should continue the observations on the influence of temperature to the case of secondary batteries. I am indebted to Mr. Tribe for one of his cells made so as to fit my apparatus, and charged at different times with solutions of various degrees of saturation.


This study aims to understand the meaning and spirituality of Muhammadiyah residents, especially in the Sidoarjo area during the Covid 19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected by observing, documenting and interviewing leaders, medical personnel and Muhammadiyah residents in the Sidoarjo area. The results showed that the meaning of spirituality during the Covid-19 pandemic was a reflection of strengthening and planting religious values in life as a basic framework for strengthening faith. In the face of the Covid 19 Virus Pandemic, the practice of spiritual values does not only contain human relations to God alone, but requires a balance between scientific-oriented-based medical strengthening and faith in Allah SWT. The form of spirituality in strengthening faith for Muhammadiyah members is reflected in the social responsibility of humanity. This form of spirituality is embedded in the spirit of Al Maun's social theology by carrying out humanitarian jihad through the Muhammadiyah Covid 19 Command Center. In a sociological perspective there is a dialectic between the objective reality of Covid 19 as a real virus and must be watched out for and the subjective reality which considers that Covid 19 is an ordinary disease, the two realities form different behaviors between the Hifz Nafs principle of protecting oneself and being surrendered to the situation due to the demands of social activity. and economic needs. This public perception is formed because the Stock of Knowladge is a source of knowledge about Virus 19, humans as the host and the human environment that forms different mindsets from one another in life.


A computer network is a self-configuring network of hosts connected by links which together form a random topology. Spanning Tree protocol enabled switches go over a root election procedure grounded on Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU). All supplementary switches then figure the shortest, lower cost path to the root switch and block ports that are not lengthwise these shortest paths, ensuing in a loopfree, tree-based topology. Deprived of a protocol such as Spanning Tree, Layer 2 bridged networks are vulnerable to broadcast/multicast and/or unidentified unicast storms. Rapid spanning tree protocol is extended version of original spanning tree protocol but little more features as compared to spanning tree. In this we have discussed the overall features of spanning tree and Rapid spanning tree protocol.


This article is a theoretical article that attempts to clarify the inherent meanings of the concepts of profit and interest, i.e. two important concepts in finance, particularly Islamic Finance. These are age-old concepts in economics that still draw confusion among people. Profit comes from trade and interest comes from lending and borrowing activities. While the former is much encouraged in Islam, the latter is strongly forbidden. Nonetheless, in today's monetary and financial circumstances, the market interest rate is being used as a benchmark for the Islamic profit rate, drawing criticisms from many quarters that both are indeed one and the same. Using the fundamental economic concept of marginal utility, this paper attempts to clarify the fundamental difference in these two concepts and their implications for modern finance, particularly Islamic finance. Indirectly in the process, the paper also clarifies the concepts of money and riba. Keywords : Money, marginal utility, monetary system JEL Classification: D11, E40, E50, E60


A machine vision system consisting of a low cost CMOS camera array is presented in this paper,based on the development of the new techniques of digital imaging and data transmission.Also,the imaging system and algorithms for image correction are suggested.The machine vision system can obtain and process irregular images for pattern recognitions,which is helpful for reducing the cost and redundancy data of the existing machine vision systems.


Self-timed circuits -STC, which laid the foundations of designing D. Muller, in the late 50s of the last century, but have not received at the time of wide commercial use in recent years as the demand for energy efficiency and in Nano electronics that are already beginning to affect the quantum effects. The Institute of Informatics Problems IPI RAS active group Y. Stepchenkova, continuing the work of the group V.I. Warsawski, developed an extensive library of self-timed elements oriented gate array BMK. In the UK, the University of Newcastle is working towards C Yakovlev, who worked with V.I. Warsawski in Leningrad, USSR. One of the current problems in the STC are the issues of fault tolerance. This focuses on the active failure resistance. To provide passive fault-tolerance could be applied, for example, the so-called triple redundancy three channels of digital machine, bit outputs are supplied to three inputs of the majority elements realizing the majority function (select "two out of three» ≥2). But then it violated the basic principle of STC that fix existing analysis tools correctness. The authors suggested a combined reservations based transistor structures, parrying failures of the transistors, resulting from exposure to radiation and other negative factors. However, this redundancy is not always possible due to limitations of Mead and Conway. The paper proposes a formal systems obtain fault-tolerant CMOS self-timed circuits


This study aims to describe the meaning and symbol of the Cawir metua ritual ceremony, namely the death ceremony for the Karo community in Seberaya village, Karo district, North Sumatra Province. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method which is done by collecting data by observation and interviews; descriptions that are bold and deep in nature, working with key informants. The theoretical framework used is the Social Semiotics approach, which is to interpret language in the sociocultural context in which culture is interpreted in semiotic terms as an information system. Based on the research that has been done, the authors obtained the results of the research, namely the symbolic meaning of the Cawir metua ceremony is the existence of symbols that have philosophical meanings in the Cawir metua ceremony.are still poor and need to be improved.


The survey experiment based on the RTK technology's principle and the method is carried on.Contrasted the RTK data with the GPS static state locator data,the influence of different factors such as adjustment method and distance to the RTK measuring accuracy is discussed.We obtained the precision and the actual sphere of RTK,which provides the reference to the better applies of RTK in the engineering survey.


In this paper, we apply the FETI-DPEM method to the PBG and PhC problems and demonstrate its capability and performance.


The problem of using information technologies to visualize the results of diagnostics of professional competences development on the example of students of engineering specialties is topical. The purpose of the manuscript is to identify the possibilities of information technologies for data visualization in multidimensional non-metric spaces using the example of identifying the level of formation of individual competencies of future electrical engineers. Methods for achieving the stated purpose were the following: theoretical (analysis and synthesis) ones facilitated the development of the "Chernoff face" designer program based on the MATLAB software package; empirical (expert assessment and surveying) ones helped to identify criteria and means of diagnosing the formation of professional competencies and create the most optimal image of the "Chernoff faces". The results revealed that in educational process visualization is capable of ensuring emotionality, ease and speed of perception of the necessary information by students; structuring data into a coherent image; analysing the visualized information according to specific criteria and indicators; demonstrating the relationships between the various analysed indicators; preventing information overload; supporting attention, activating thinking and memory. Moreover, various methods of visualizing the level of competence formation increase the effectiveness of the perception of diagnostic results and the possibility of adjusting educational and methodical trajectories. The authors have developed a designer program and have proposed fragments of the program code for creating "Chernoff faces" based on the MATLAB software package, which allow students to visualize the level of formation of professional competences and provide the possibility of developing a strategy for their improvement.


The European Commission's (EC) choice of the term 'hotspot' for the block's policy response to the 2015 border crisis is revealing. In its general use, the word refers either to an area or position of heightened risk or danger, or to a point on a surface that is of higher temperature than its surroundings. In geology, the term refers to places on the earth's surface where a plume of hot rock in the mantle gives rise to volcanic eruptions. Whether deliberate or not, the use of the word in relation to the management of migration and borders appears to trade on a combination of these ideas and, by implication, a hotspot is a site of both unusual danger and uncontrollable pressure. Quite tellingly, the EC document announcing the hotspot approach never explains or defines the 'hotspot' itself. It is only in the implementation of the hotspot approach that islands and even regions are defined as 'hotspot areas' – a striking example of a governmental technology creating the object which it intends to govern:


Posterior dislocation is a common injury but it's occurrence in association with anterior column fracture is very rare. We report a case of this rare injury pattern. The patient was treated with closed reduction of dislocation followed by open reduction internal fixation of anterior column.


More than 300,000 women undergo surgery for pelvic floor prolapse each year in the United States.Yet little is known about the prevalence or risk factors for this common women's health problem.What is normal, and what needs treatment? This article reviews the types and prevalence of pelvic floor prolapse, the current knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors, and treatment options for symptomatic women.


Background: This study aims at assessing the factors influencing households' crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall in Jimma Rare District. Methods: The data was generated from primary source and 196 households were selected from Jimma Rare District using Multistage sampling techniques. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model (Poisson or Negative Binomial regression) were applied in this study to analyze the data collected from the selected sample households. Results: The survey result shows that, the average number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall was 1.62 with variance equal to 2.04. The result of Negative binomial regression model shows that, age of household heads and total land size have positively and significantly influenced the number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall faced by households, but negatively affected by livestock size, access to extension service, and access to training. Conclusion: This study revealed that rural households are affected by different demographic and socio-economic factors, farm characteristics, institutional factors, and environmental factors. Specifically, the finding revealed that, an increase in age of household heads and total land size increases number of crop production risks faced by farmers due to hail or heavy rainfall in the area whereas an increase in livestock size, access to extension service, and access to training decreases the number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall by farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that, improving access to training, availability of agricultural inputs at planting time, and preparing experience sharing among farmers should be promoted to decrease number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall and increase the productivity of farmers by appropriate decision of crop production in the study area. Keywords: Households , Crop Production Risks, Jimma Rare, Poisson regression, Negative binomial regression, Oromiya, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-10-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2020


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Research and Event Incentive Fund (FIPE-HCPA)

 The 12-lead resting electrocardiogram is a useful tool for diagnosing pathological conditions in athletes. The prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in Brazilian soccer players are unknown.

 To describe the prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographic findings in young Brazilian soccer players based on the "2017 International Criteria for Electrocardiographic Interpretation in Athletes".

 Continuous variables were displayed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, while prevalence's with 95% confidence intervals, and stratified by race. Intra-group differences were estimated by linear models or binomial and multinomial logistic regressions. Type I error was set to set a at 0.05. An additional margin of 0.025 was considered at the discretion of the statistician conditioned to the quality of the model. All analysis were running in Stata version 16.0.0.

 2,581 young Brazilian soccer players from 27 clubs (mainly first division), aged 15-35 years (median: 18 years) were evaluated. 1,268 (49.1%) were Caucasians, 796 (30.8%) Mixed-Race (MR) and 517 (20.1%) Afro-Brazilians (AB). T-wave inversion (TWI) in the inferior leads (3.0%), high lateral leads (DI/aVL) (0.6%), V5 (2.3%), V6 (1.8%), and V5-V6 (1.7%) were present. Six Caucasians (0.5%) presented TWI in V1-V4. Prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) (0.5%), QRS ≥140 ms (0.2%), "pathological" anterior Q waves (0.2%), lateral ST-segment depression (0.07%), premature ventricular contractions (0.5%), Mobitz type II atrioventricular block (0.03%), and a Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern (0.04%) were also observed. There were no athletes with short QTc interval, epsilon waves, profound sinus bradycardia (<30 beats per minute), complete left bundle branch block, third-degree atrioventricular block, or Brugada pattern (1, 2 or 3). Overall, 111/2,581 (4.3%) soccer players had electrocardiographic changes considered to be abnormal (4.4% in Caucasians, 4.5% in MR and 6.4% in AB). There was no difference between the abnormal findings among races, except for the prevalence of TWI in V6, which was higher in AB compared to Caucasians (3.1% versus 1.2%, respectively; P = 0.01).

 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large electrocardiographic cohort of Brazilian young soccer players to be described. In this sample, we evidence a prevalence <5% of abnormal findings according to the "2017 International Criteria for Electrocardiographic Interpretation in Athletes". Additional evaluation in all these cases is indicated.


According to TIMSS data, the use of textbook in mathematics classrooms in England is relatively low in comparison to other countries. Although the reasons for this might be varied, the pronouncements of Ofsted, the official body for inspecting schools in England, might have an influence. This paper reports on a text analysis of almost 10,000 publicly-available Ofsted secondary school inspection reports and mathematics- specific commentaries from the year 2000 until now. The analysis focused on what Ofsted said over this period about textbook use in general and about the use of mathematics textbooks in particular. The analysis was conducted by first 'scraping' the reports from the Ofsted website and then utilising basic text mining and analysis methods to extract information on these documents. While the analyses showed that the occurrence of comments by Ofsted on textbooks appeared to be relatively minor, interpreting these findings from text mining alone was not straightforward. A further qualitative analysis of a sample of Ofsted publications found mention of 'over-reliance' on textbooks. Such allusion to 'over-reliance' on textbooks might have negative connotations and may have contributed to the relatively low use of textbook in mathematics classrooms in England.


In some MIS application related with state transiting,the logical management and source code can not be reused beca use of its speciality.A reusable and state extended model is raised in this arti cle:state table driving reusable model. An extended S-Graphic of Petri net is u sed to describe the system firstly,then the state tables drive the state relatio nship management engine to accomplish the application.Applied in some projects,t his model shorts developing time and shows out its favorable expansibility.


Kuchma's economic successes occurred whenever he was able and willing to support bright young reformers in their efforts to solve Ukraine's most pressing problems.


Abstract Sceptical theism claims that we have vast ignorance about the realm of value and the connections, causal and modal, between goods and bads. This ignorance makes it reasonable for a theist to say that God has reasons beyond our ken for allowing the horrendous evils we observe. But if so, then does this not lead to moral paralysis when we need to prevent evils ourselves? For, for aught that we know, there are reasons beyond our ken for us to allow the evils, and so we should not prevent them. This paralysis argument, however, shall be argued to rest on a confusion between probabilities and expected utilities. A connection between this paralysis argument and Lenman's 1 discussion of the butterfly effect and chaos will be drawn, and the solution offered will apply in both cases.


Flower cabbage is a vegetable crop that is widely consumed by the people of Indonesia. For growth, it can be helped by providing egg shells that are environmentally friendly when compared with chemical fertilizers. This study used a Randomized Block Design with five doses of eggshell treatment (0,6,12,18,24 grams / plant) with five replications each. The results of the research are: The application of eggshell fertilizer which has a significant influence on the number of leaves aged 35 dd, and on the flower weight per plant. And the dose of eggshell fertilizer that gives the best treatment E (2.0 g / plant) with a yield of 301.53 g / plant.


As a new type of potential functional materials,pyridines coordination polymer has attracted much attention in the last few years.In this paper,the metal-oxygen clusters,functional properties,entanglement network on the focus of research pyridines coordination compounds were reviewed,The importance of research on pyridines coordination polymer was presented,and research work of pyridines coordination polymer was introduced at home and abroad.The perspective for future development in this field was also briefly mentioned.


Relationships among 231 individuals of Anthyllis montana L. (Fabaceae) throughout its European and North-African distribution range were studied, evaluating 41 morphological characters in a multivariate way. The morphometric data revealed two major groups representing the western and eastern part of the species' distribution range. This pattern was basically congruent in all morphometric and previous molecular (AFLP) analyses. Further geographical structuring within the western or the eastern lineage was not obvious from the morphological data. Contradictory to molecular results, plants from the Alpes Maritimes/Liguria region clearly formed part of the western group in the morphometric analysis. The two A. montana lineages uncovered might be best described at subspecific rank, the western subsp. montana and the eastern subsp.jacquinii (A. Kern.) Hayek. Morphological discrimination between subspecies was mainly based on floral characters, and hence, subspecies montana is characterised by larger flowers, i.e., longer petals and calyx tubes. Within each of the two subspecies, regression analyses revealed correlations between vegetative traits and altitudinal as well as latitudinal origin, indicating plastic growth of A. montana modified by climatic conditions. Overall, a striking decoupling of floral and vegetative characters was noted. Therefore, the maintenance of floral differences between the two subspecies of A. montana after their Late Pleistocene separation might have persisted due to differences in pollination biology.


ABSTRACT 6 INTRODUCTION 7Avian Predation of Juvenile Salmon 7Salmon Supplementation in the Yakima and Kilckitat River 7Initial Assessment of Consumption of Juvenile Salmon by Avian Piscivores 81997-1998Consumption of Juvenile Salmon by Avian Piscivores 91999Hotspot Surveys—Spring 9River Reach Surveys—Spring and Summer 9Acclimation Site Surveys—Spring 10Aerial Surveys—Spring and Summer 10North Fork Teanaway—Spring and Summer 10Summation 10Consumption of Juvenile Salmon by Avian Piscivores 102000Hotspot Surveys—Spring 11River Reach Surveys—Spring and Summer 11Acclimation Site Surveys—Spring 11Aerial Surveys—Spring 11North Fork Teanaway Surveys—Spring and Summer 11Summation 11Consumption of Juvenile Salmon by Avian Piscivores 112001Hotspot Surveys—Spring 12River Reach Surveys—Spring and Summer 12Acclimation Site Surveys—Spring 12North Fork Teanaway Surveys—Spring and Summer 12Summation 12Consumption of Juvenile Salmon by Avian Piscivores 122002Hotspot Surveys—Spring 12River Reach Surveys—Spring and Summer 12Acclimation Site Surveys—Spring 12North Fork Teanaway Surveys—Spring and Summer 13Secondary Hotspot—Spring 13Summation 13


The limitation of the receiver's bandwidth in coherent TS OCDMA system has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The receiver's bandwidth limitation will result in severe performance degradation due to the accumulation of the MAI and secondary beat noise. Applying optical thresholding technique in the system could eliminate the out-of-peak MAI and secondary beat noise to improve the performance significantly. The experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions very well. Therefore, it is essential to employ optical thresholder in practical coherent TS OCDMA system with a receiver that performs data-rate detection.


A new algorithm is proposed aiming at search engine's result set calculating frequency,which has a higher frequency than calculating and has the time complexity of O(n) The algorithm for long strings(the length of the string is nearly the same as with the number of the string of)is optimized to reduce the size of the calculation.


The high temporal, spatial and spectral resolution of Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) has provided new insights into the understanding of different small-scale processes occurring at the chromospheric and transition region (TR) heights. We study the dynamics of high-frequency oscillations of active region (AR 2376) moss as recorded by simultaneous imaging and spectral data of IRIS. Wavelet transformation, power maps generated from slit-jaw images in the Si IV 1400Apassband, and sit-and-stare spectroscopic observations of the Si IV 1403Aspectral line reveal the presence of high-frequency oscillations with $\sim$1-2 minute periods in the bright moss regions. The presence of such low periodicities is further confirmed by intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) as obtained by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. We find evidence of the presence of slow waves and reconnection-like events, and together they cause the high-frequency oscillations in the bright moss regions.


This is the gateway to all the LibGuides for Northeast Lakeview College Library. Gateway to all of the NLC Library Guides


Tourism has been positively impacting the economy for decades. However, the industry has also brought several challenges related to climate change and biodiversity conservation. This paper will discuss tourism's issues, trends, and future perspectives supporting biodiversity conservation.


We report a fiber-Bragg-grating-based device for an efficient separation of the payload and label in highly packed subcarrier-multiplexed optical label swapping networks. The separation is performed in the optical domain by a tandem fiber Bragg grating device consisting of two specially designed fiber Bragg gratings separated by an isolator. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed configuration provides an excellent separation of the payload and label in the optical domain.


Using the Uniformly Retreating Ice Front Model to establish the two dimensions heat mass transfer model. It can be used to calculate the energy that be expended and the temperature of the material during the freeze drying process, and can calculate the time of drying also. The time of freeze-drying is 500min for experiments with the thickness 7mm, and it is 523min by calculated.


Problem solving: a guide Flours and grains Other bakery ingredients Bread and fermented products Cakes Biscuits and Cookies Pastries Other bakery products What is/are/why/how?


The addition of short glass fiber into ABS resin can improve its heat resistance but decrease its impact strength. It is discovered that strong interphase adhesion between ABS and glass fiber can be gotten by the introduction of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer(SMA) which is completely compatible with ABS, and heat resistance, impact strength and tensile strength of ABS/glass fiber alloy can be improved remarkably when the content of SMA is 7%. Subsequently, the introduction of 30% rigid acrylic ester polymer into above system can further improve heat resistance of ABS/glass fiber/SMA. Surprisingly, its impact strength is also enhanced, which is attributed to the hard drawn mechanism of rigid organic filler (ROF). At last, a kind of ABS blend alloys with high heat resistance and good mechanical properties are successfully made.


The matrix proteins of Influenza A Virus are multifunctional proteins. The matrix proteins of Influenza A Virus play imperative roles in the virus life cycle. The objective of the present study was to identify the residue conservation in the matrix proteins of Influenza A Virus. The study was based on 2836 amino acid sequences for the M1 protein and 3331 sequences for the M2 protein. Both the matrix proteins showed similar level of sequence conservation. On the whole, this study exposed residues which are universally conserved among different viral subtypes. These universally conserved residues might be involved in either structure stabilizing or protein-protein interactions. The conserved residues identified in the present study in conjunction with structural analysis of matrix proteins could form basis for designing universal anti-influenza drugs which are resistant to mutations arising in the future.


The calculational model of ICARE2 V2mode2.3 has been built for Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and the simulation of early core degradation of SBLOCA with station blackout has been performed. The calculation results show that the core starts damage from 4 560s and the whole process of early core degradation is relatively fast due to poor core cooling conditions. The analysis of early core degradation is only valid up to around 7 900s.


Abstract : The following Special Report, Operation HAWTHORNE, describes a significant air-ground operation in the Vietnam conflict. The results of this action demonstrate the effectiveness of tactical air power in providing immediate air sorties on an unplanned basis when an emergency arises. The report also provides a significant evaluation of the effectiveness of a B-52 mission as reflected in interviews, official correspondence, and reports.


This paper demonstrates an energy management method using traffic information for commuter hybrid electric vehicles. A control strategy based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed, which minimizes on average the equivalent fuel consumption, while satisfying the battery charge-sustaining constraints and the overall vehicle power demand for drivability. First, according to the sample information of the traffic speed profiles, the regular route is divided into several segments and the statistic characteristics in the different segments are constructed from gathered data on the averaged vehicle speeds. And then, the energy management problem is formulated as a stochastic nonlinear and constrained optimal control problem and a modified policy iteration algorithm is utilized to generate a time-invariant state-dependent power split strategy. Finally, simulation results over some driving cycles are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy.


In order to prepare waterborne UV-curable polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) /epoxyl-acrylate (ERA) nanocomposites, the PUA, bisphenol-S epoxy acrylate (BPSEA) and methylacryloylpropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (MAP-POSS) were synthesized. UV-curable BPSEA/PUA/MAP-POSS nanocomposites were prepared. The curing process, kinetics, and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The base-acid resistance ability, adhesive strength, and hardness of coating films were determined. The results showed that these nanocomposites could be cured by both UV-light irradiation and a thermal free radical polymerization. Under the UV-light irradiation, they could be cured basically completely in about 20 min. The thermal free radical curing reaction could be described by a two-parameter autocatalytic Šesták-Berggren (S-B) model. The dynamic mechanical loss peak temperature, Tp, of the cured nanocomposites increased with increasing MAP-POSS content up to 8 wt%, an enhancement of 5.8°C over the pure BPSEA/PUA system, and then decreased. Films of the nanocomposites also had better base-acid resistance ability and hardness than pure BPSEA/PUA.