Several different techniques are used to study the stability of electrostatic drift wave eigenmodes in a resistive plasma with finite magnetic shear. It is found that in the slab approximation, where usual shear damping is operative, resistivity contributes to an enhancement of this damping and the enhancement factor increases with the electron-ion collision frequency νei. Thus no unstable eigenmodes result. If the shear damping is nullified, either by introducing a strong spatial variation of the density gradient or by working in toroidal geometry with strong toroidal coupling effects, then unstable eigenmodes with growth rates increasing with νei are recovered. A perturbation calculation shows that retention of electron temperature fluctuations associated with the mode and inclusion of temperature gradients do not alter these conclusions. Extensive numerical calculations are also presented.


A multiple-class buffer allocation scheme for ATM networks with VBR (Variable Bit Rate) traffic is presented in this paper. It is very important that a switch node of ATM networks have the sufficient bandwidth to dynamically reallocate its buffer space based on the cell loss ratio for different levels of VBR traffic with different priorities. The dynamic buffer allocation scheme proposed in this paper consists of two parts. The first part is used to estimate the buffer size required for each class of traffic. The second part is used to dynamically rearrange the buffer space among different priorities of traffic classes. For the purpose of evaluation, we develop a mathematical model to analytically estimate the buffer size required for each stage of switch node. In addition, a simulation model is built. In the simulation study, the analytical results from the mathematical model are verified with the simulation.


GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE RAW MATERIAL DEPOSITS FOR CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS

Summary
The author discusses some problems of execution of the geological reconnaissance works conducted to find the clayey raw materials used for production of construction ceramics. These problems concern:
a) a geological attendance of drilling works, particularly a determination of both the bore-hole diameter and the depth; description of samples and hydrogeological observations,
b) a geological elaboration of a deposit; elaboration of structure of overburden and that of deposit, as well as an establishing of the relationship between the raw material and the tectonic structure of deposit.
Moreover, the author gives the general succession of the research works concerning the quality of the raw material.


: An Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite was prepared with Fe-Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 powder by a hot press sintering method. The mass ratio was 6:1:2, sintering pressure was 30 MPa, and holding time was 120 min. The raw materials for the powder particles were respectively 1 µ m (Fe), 0.5 µ m (Fe 2 O 3 ), and 1 µ m (Al 2 O 3 ) in diameter. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite was studied. The results showed that Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite was formed by in situ reaction at 1300 ◦ C–1500 ◦ C. With the increased sintering temperature, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite showed a change law that initially became better and then became worse. The best microstructure and optimal mechanical properties were obtained at 1400 ◦ C. At this temperature, the grain size of Fe and FeAl 2 O 4 phases in Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite was uniform, the relative density was 96.7%, and the Vickers hardness and bending strength were 1.88 GPa and 280.0 MPa, respectively. The wettability between Fe and FeAl 2 O 4 was enhanced with increased sintering temperature. And then the densification process was accelerated. Finally, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composite were improved. on the relative density, Vickers hardness, and flexural strength of Fe/FeAl 2 O 4 composites.


The low-temp. two-phase fluid gas-liquid uniformly-distributing plate fin type phase change heat-exchanger is characterized by that its upper portion is equipped with high-temp. gas-phase fluid fin-inducer and low-temp. wet steam fin-inducer, its middle portion is equipped with high-temp. wet steam collecting fin-inducer and collecting lead-out pipe and its lower portion is equipped with low-temp. gas phase fluid uniform distributor and liquid-phase fluid uniform distributor. Its central main body portion is equipped with several layers of plate fin type evaporatino heat-exchange elements andcondensing or cooling heat-exchange elements which are alternatively connected. Firstly, said heat-exchanger can utilize the above-mentioned structure to implement high-effective phase change heat exchange of gas liquid two-phase fluids, and its heat-exchange efficiency is high.


A paper feeder for sanitary tissue roll is disclosed, which has different models for hanging it from wall, standing on table, or embedding it in wall. Its control modes include sensing, throwing coin, magnetic card, keying and external control. The length of feed paper may be fixed or not fixed automatically.


The premise of the thesis is that current food systems are unsustainable. In fact, as the global population continues to rise, food systems are under greater strain to deliver quality output in a s ...


Infantile hemangioma (IH) it is the most common benign vascular tumor in children of the first year, which is based on abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of the main pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF. It develops in the first weeks after birth, forming over 3–9 months with regression in the next 3–7 years. Three-quarters of infantile hemangiomas are nodular and are not accompanied by malformations. At the same time, segmental IH is most often associated with syndromic forms. Despite spontaneous regression (in 90% of cases), some forms and localization of IH can lead to the development of complications, local and endangering vital functions. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on anamnesis, characteristic features of the tumor, and clinical course. Additional studies (ultrasound DG, MRI/CT) are necessary in complicated forms and in doubtful clinical cases. The patient's parents agreed to use the information, including the child's photo, in scientific research and publications.


OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CT angiography source images and to assess various postprocessing techniques for cerebral aneurysm detection in daily practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively studied 17 patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography and CT angiography for possible cerebral aneurysms. Four observers assessed CT angiography data for aneurysms, first after viewing source images in cine mode and again after consecutively adding postprocessing techniques in the following order: maximum intensity projection (MIP) of a 2-cm slab without bone editing (slab-MIP), taking 3 min of operator time; MIP with bone editing (edited-MIP), taking 20 min; shaded-surface display (SSD) without bone editing (3 min); and SSD with bone editing (20 min). In addition, the observers stated which postprocessing method they preferred. RESULTS. In nine patients, we found 13 aneurysms, 10 of which were larger than 5 mm in size. Sensitivity for detection of aneurysms on CT angiography was 92% for three observers and 77% for one observer. Specificity was 100% for two observers and 78% for two observers. Using four observers in a pooled analysis, the maximum of positive readings was 52. CT angiography was positive in 46 of these 52 instances: 41 positive readings after source image viewing, five additional positive readings after adding MIP, and no additional positive readings after adding SSD. Overall, MIP was judged superior to SSD and slab-MIP was judged to be better than edited-MIP. CONCLUSION. In this study interactive source image viewing detected most cerebral aneurysms. Additional slab-MIP is an efficient postprocessing technique for display much like that of angiography, for verification of aneurysms found, and for detection of additional aneurysms. These conclusions need to be verified in a larger study group.


Speech behavior is a tool for teachers and students to express and communicate in the classroom, and analyzing the content of classroom teacher-student dialogue is one of the key basic technologies to break through the automatic analysis of teaching videos. However, the current discourse research tools rely on the universal speech recognition cloud platform, and there are problems such as confusion between teacher-student role and unclear discourse boundaries for classroom teacher-student dialogue recognition. Therefore, this paper designs and develops teacher-student dialogue recognition tools after classifing and encoding the auditory information data and summarizing the general rules of speech characteristics in classroom teaching videos. To achieve the purpose of analyzing classroom teaching videos, education researchers can use the tool to intercept teaching videos, obtain boundary points of teacher-student dialogue, and recognize their speech content. Experimental results show that the tool has stable performance, which can quickly and accurately process audio signals, segment and cluster teacher and student voiceprint features. Finally, it produce structured text containing the time point of the discourse boundary, the teacher-student role label and the discourse content, which will provide data support for analyzing further classroom teaching video behavior.


In this paper we present a comparison of two fuzzy text document clustering algorithms. First of them is KMART algorithm, neural network based on Fuzzy ART neural network and the second algorithm is Fuzzy C-Means based on K-Means algorithm. The paper is aimed to compare the quality and performance of both algorithms on the set of real, contextually similar text documents falling into more categories at the same time.


Background: Prolonged pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic radical cystectomy leads to impairement in organ perfusion especially the kidneys as it decreases renal blood flow and leads to compression on renal parenchyma with release of vasoconstrictors as vasopressin, angiotensin II and catecholeamines leading to decrease in urine output. Aim of the Study: To determine whether intraoperative fluid management could protect kidney functions from hazards of pneumoperitonuem in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy operations. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: Eighty patients with cancer bladder scheduled for laparoscopic radical cystectomy, classified by the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) to class (ASAII or ASAIII) were divided into 2 equal groups group I received 2ml/kg/hr LR (Lactated ringer), group II received 8ml/kg/hr LR. Both groups received 8ml/kg LR as a preload. Main Outcome Measures: The primary end point was postoperative serum creatinine concentration. Secondary end points were intraopertive urine output. Results: As regard serum creatinine concentration, on comparing both groups, there was statistically significant difference immediately after desufflation, T1 (0.93 ±0.33 versus 0.76±0.19) and after 24 hours, T2 (0.85 ±0.24 versus 0.65±0.17). There was statistical significant difference in urine output between both groups intaoperative after 60 minutes, T2 (59.12±31 versus 78.50±29.7), after 120 minutes, after 180 minutes, T3 (65.12±29.4 versus 83.38 ±29.2) and after 240 minutes, T4 (61.43 ±26.7 versus 81 ±29.4). Conclusion: In patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy, intraoperative infusion of 8ml/kg/hr Lactated Ringer could prevent the pneumoperitoneum effect on kidney functions and prevent intraoperative oliguria compared to low volume infusion of 2ml/kg/hr Lactated Ringer.


Virginia Tech has recently acquired a new towing carriage and vertical planar motion mechanism. The new towing carriage replaces the original carriage that was installed in the 1960s. The original carriage had a maximum speed of roughly 3 m/s, and the new carriage has a maximum speed of 7 m/s with the current wavemaker installation. The towing tank facility is used for both teaching and research activities in ocean engineering. The vertical planar motion mechanism includes two linear actuators to change the pitching and heaving behavior of a surface or subsurface test article to model different phenomena such as slamming or porpoising of surface vessels and vertical plane maneuvers for subsurface vessels. The focus of this paper is on the determination of the specifications for the towing tank to meet both teaching and research needs and the early resistance experiments that have been conducted during initial shake-down of the new facility. The authors will discuss how preliminary resistance experiments compare to the USNA towing tank facility.


Introduction. The shortage of kidney availability has increased utilization of other donor categories. The aim of our study was to compare the graft survival and outcome between living-unrelated donors (LURD) and elderly living related donors (LRD). Methods. Fifteen LURD kidney transplanted patients in the period between 2000 and 2006, and 18 randomly selected recipients from elderly LRD (>60 years) kidneys were retrospectively evaluated from their patients' charts. The regular immunosuppressive protocol consisted of induction therapy with steroids and IL-2 receptor antibodies (Daclizumab in five doses), and maintenance therapy with mofetil mycophenolate, cyclosporine A and steroids. The analyzed variables were recipient and donor age and sex, glomerular filtration rate of donated kidney (evaluated by DTPA scan of the donor), HLA matching, cold ischemic time (CIT), delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection episodes (AR), urinary infections (UTI), present status of the graft (determined by estimated GFR), and graft survival data. Results. The two groups were similar with regard to age, gender and body weight of the recipients, CIT and cyclosporine targeted C0/C2 levels. The LURD group donors were younger, and GFR of the donated kidney signifycantly higher when compared to the elderly LRD group, (47,6±11.4 vs. 65,9±3,6 years, p<0,05; 53,3±14,2 vs. 44,1 ±10,1 ml/min; p<0,05). LURD group of patients was characterized by significantly higher percentage of AR and UTI, as well as longer hemodialysis duration when compared to the elderly LRD group (34,5% vs. 18,6%, p<0,05; and 36,4% vs. 20,2%, p<0,05; 34,7±12,2 vs. 8,0±6,9 months, p<0,01). No difference in graft survival rates was found between the groups at 5 years follow up, with graft survival rate of 100% in both groups. In addition, the graft function at 5 years after transplantation did not differ significantly between the groups, although the LURD group maintained slightly higher GFR compared to the elderly LRD group (55,7±15,6 vs. 46,3±16,8 ml/min, p>0.05). Conclusions. Kidney transplant recipients from LURD have shown to yield 5 years graft survival rates and outcome similar to that of LRD older than 60 years. A possible partial explanation may be the higher GFR of donated kidney in LURD group, compared to the lower number of HLA mismatches in the group of kidney transplants from older LRD and their lower percentage of UTI and episodes of AR. Although these results are obtained in a pilot study, they confirm that in the presence of organ shortage from cadavers, LURD and older LRD may become a valuable source of potential organ for patients on the kidney waiting list.


Abstract : Modern military communication, navigation, and surveillance systems depend on reliable, noise free transionospheric radio-frequency channels and can be severely impacted by small-scale electron-density irregularities in the ionosphere. This report summarizes the results of a three year investigation into the methods for updating ionospheric scintillation models using observations of ionospheric plasma-density irregularities measured by the DMSP Scintillation Meter (SM) sensor. Results are reported from the analysis of data from a campaign conducted in January 1990 near Tromso, Norway, in which near coincident in-situ plasma-density and transionospheric scintillation measurements were made. Estimates for the level of intensity and phase scintillation on a transionospheric UBF radio link in the early-evening auroral zone were calculated from DMSP SM data and compared to the levels actually observed. Results are also presented from a comparison with scintillation observations made with a coincident DNA Polar BEAR satellite pass.


I analyze the relationship between homophobia/heteronormativity and slash fan fiction. Through reading and coding almost 6,000 pages of Kirk/Spock fan fiction written from 1978 to 2014, I illuminate shifts in how normative gender and sexuality are portrayed by K/S authors. Writers of K/S, while ostensibly writing about the 23rd century, consciously or unconsciously include cultural norms from the 20th and 21st centuries. Thus, slash becomes a lens through which readers can view a decrease in both homophobia and heteronormativity in US culture over the past several decades.


The graph-theory method was used to build a mathematical model of the optimum escape route during zone evacuation based on vulnerability of humans,and the dynamic and static algorithms were brought forward to calculate it. Based on heuristic algorithm,the essence of the algorithm was taking the mid-point as a tentative point in the search space by building decision support functions,and the search process of the algorithm continues until an optimal solution was obtained. The random road network was used to test the application effect of this algorithm,and the results showed that the proposed algorithm can not only meet the needs of dual-objective optimization,but also can obtain the optimal path when the external environment changes dynamically,and in addition it is an approximate and fast algorithm. The study in this paper can provide a strong technical support to th emergency management of the CBRN incidents.


With a view to application to array antennas for mobile stations in a mobile satellite communication system, a method is proposed for configuration of a receiving diversity array antenna acquiring a communication beam quickly and tracking with stability by means of the digital beam forming (DBF). In this method, an active array is assumed. The receiving phase difference between the antenna elements is detected by digital complex operation for the received baseband signal. Based on this phase difference, the phases of the antenna elements are made in phase in a relative sense so that equal gain or maximal ratio combining is accomplished. As a result, the main beam can be formed in the direction of the arriving wave. In addition, in the case of maximal ratio combining the radiation pattern is oriented toward the multipath arriving waves so that communication quality is improved as the beams are further combined in phase. In this paper, the effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated by the numerical simulation assuming a mobile communication environment with band-limited QPSK signals. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80(10): 88–100, 1997


Description of a diagnostic technique for determining the unsteady character of turbulent boundary-layer separation. The technique uses thin platinum films mounted flush with the model surface. Voltages from these films provide measurements related to the flow character above the film. For illustration, results obtained by this technique are presented for the interaction of a hypersonic shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer, with and without separation.


These guidelines were constructed by the commission of dialysis of the Society of nephrology regarding the venous network and arteries preservation, at the intention of every specialist concerned by vascular access problems.


For the calculation of building structures under the influence of external dynamic loads, it is necessary to know the eigen frequencies of the structures themselves in order to prevent such a phenomenon as resonance. Steel has distinctive properties from concrete, so its consideration is necessary to determine the eigen frequency of the whole structure. This article presents the calculation of the cantilever beam analytically and in the software package Abaqus for linear and volumetric problems with the interaction of concrete and reinforcement. Due to the reinforcement, the beam eigen frequencies differ from the eigen frequency of the conventional rigidly fixed rod, as evidenced by the results of the calculation.


In his book Géopolitique (1995), the French journalist Bernard Guetta described Europe as a reality and as the most important challenge ofthe present time. Despite its variety oflanguages, its national peculiarities and traditions, Europe is characterised by a common civilisation with a special reference to its history. Guetta continues arguing that the defence ofnational prebends cannot be the aim ofEurope. On the contrary, a commonly defined work may contribute to enforce the singularity of each nation in Europe. France should be aware that without Europe it would be no more than a medium-sized political power within the 'global players' – with diminishing importance. He ends with the statement: 'L'Europe est une nouvelle frontière, et c'est sur de grandes ambitions que se fonde la grandeur des nations – des Nations unies d'Europe' (Guetta, 1995: 80).


Engineering idea generation plays a vital role in developing new products. Recent research has focused on methods to make designers more innovative and creative. Design fixation imposes a major constraint in this regard. This paper analyzes how design experience influences design fixation. This paper hypothesizes that people store more and more mental models into the set in their memory as they gain experience in creative design problem solving, and the extent of this set provides for both a greater set of solutions to draw from resulting in more ideas and may determine the extent to which they are fixated. A controlled laboratory experiment replicates the environment described in the study by Linsey et al. [1] with novices rather than experts, and compares the results to this prior study. The results support the increased number of ideas hypothesis but not the reduced fixation. It is observed that experts created significantly more ideas but also fixate more. Although the experts fixated on the example, they still outperform novices. This sheds light on the importance of a more practical-oriented approach in engineering curricula.


C18H22N6O17S9Y2, triclinic, PI (no. 2), a = 9.5713(9) Â, b = 13.700(1) Â, c = 14.932(1) À, a = 64.646(1)°, β = 82.282(1)°, γ = 81.089(1)°, V = 1742.9 Â, Ζ = 2, RgJF) = 0.024, wRreffF) = 0.057, T= 291 Κ. Source of material The title compound was prepared by hydrothermal method. A mixture of (l,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyldithio)diacetic acid (H2tzda, 0.6 mmol), NaOH (1.2 mmol), Υ(Ν03)3·6Η20 (0.4 mmol), and water (15 mL) was sealed in a 25 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel vessel and then heated at 120 °C for 96 h. After being cooled slowly to room temperature, the title complex as colorless needle-like crystals was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in air. Discussion In past decades, the design and synthesis of metal-organic frameworks has been a field of rapid growth in supramolecular and material chemistry due to their fascinating topologies and useful properties [1-5]. An effective approach in building such materials is to employ suitable organic bridging ligands [6,7]. Carboxylatecontaining ligands have attract considerable interest in reported multidentate ligands because of their diverse coordination modes [8-12]. Furthermore, it is found flexible ligands may induce novel topologies owing to their flexibility and conformation freedoms [13]. The title crystal structure exhibits an infinite three-dimensional network. In each independent crystallographic unit, there are two Υ(ΙΠ) ions, three tzda ~ anions and five aqua ligands (figure, top). Y1 (ΠΙ) ion is surrounded by nine oxygen atoms, eight of them are from carboxylate groups of six tzda ~ anions, while the last oxygen atom is from a water molecule. The local environment of the * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) 65« Y2(H20)5(C6H,2N04S3)3 Y1 (ΠΙ) ion can be best described as a strongly distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Υ2(ΙΠ) ion is coordinated by four oxygen atoms from three tzda anions and four coordinated water molecules in a distorted square-antiprismatic manner (figure, top). The bond lengths of Y—O range from 2.279(2) to 2.483(2) Â, comparable with those in the polymer {Y2(tzda)3(H20)io] · 5Η2θ}" [14]. Noticeably, three tzda ~ anions present three kinds of coordination modes linking the Υ(ΙΠ) ions: (a) one carboxylate group adopts a monodentate mode, and the other one adopts a bidentate chelating mode (μι-Tj :η :η'mode); (b) one carboxylate group adopts a synsyn bidentate bridging mode, and one adopts a chelating-bridging mode (/Í4-Í7 :η:η :η mode); (c) one carboxylate group adopts a monodentate mode, while another adopts a chelating-bridging mode (μ3-η:η:η mode). Two types of tzda anion ligands in μΑ-η:η\η :η and μι-η :η:η coordination modes link Υ(ΙΠ) centers to form a 2D network consisting of the [YÌ2Y22(tzda)4] repeating unit (figure, bottom), in which the distance between two neighboring Y1 ions is 5.713 Â and the distance between two adjacent Y1 and Y2 ions is about 14.755 Â. Within this 2D network, the repeating units [Y 12 Y22(tzda>4] are connected by carboxylate groups of tzda ligands in chelating-bridging mode forming an infinite wave-like chain, and in this chain the two nearest Y2 ions form dimeric centers are separated by 4.029 Â. Among two adjacent chains, two Y1 ions are connected also through chelatingbridging carboxylate groups with a distance of 4.250 À. Then these two-dimensional networks are further linked by tzda ligands via μ2-η:η:η coordination mode along [010], leading to the final three-dimensional network. The crystal structure is stabilized through extensive hydrogen bonding involving the tzda ligands and coordinated water molecules. Table 1. Data collection and handling.


Effects of small additions of Fe, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr and Ag on stress corrosion cracking in the LT-direction and shear cracking of Al-Zn-Mg alloys were investigated with a special consideration of grain shape.(1) Additions of Si, Cu, and Ag increased stress corrosion resistance in both LT- and ST-directions, while Mn, Cr and Zr additions increased stress corrosion resistance in the LT-direction but decreased that in the ST-direction. Effects of Fe and Ti additions on stress corrosion resistance were small.(2) It was found that Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti and Zr additions affected stress corrosion resistance only through their effect on grain shape. However, additions of Si, Cu and Ag increased stress corrosion resistance through some other effects than that on grain shape. It was considered that a Si addition was effective through reduction of solute concentrations and Cu and Ag additions were effective by introducing changes in electrochemical properties of grain boundary regions.(3) Effects of Fe, Si and Cu additions on shear cracking had the same tendency as that on stress corrosion cracking in the ST-direction. However, effects of Cr, Mn and Zr additions on shear cracking corresponded to that on stress corrosion resistance in the LT-direction rather than in the ST-direction. These observations were explained by occurrence of metal flow due to shearing and existence of directionality of stress corrosion resistance.


Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following case. A 13-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with left ankle pain after a fall that occurred while he was playing football. After the injury, he was unable to bear weight and ambulate on the left ankle. Physical examination reveals significant edema around the ankle and tenderness to palpation medially and laterally. Motor and sensory function is intact distally, and there are no abrasions or wounds to the skin. Plain radiographs and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the left ankle are obtained (Figure 1).


The addition of videotape equipment to the arsenal of the oral historian has engendered a great deal of controversy. Oral historians using the new medium of video have been enthusiastic, for their new product has served many purposes, from documentation to publicity. Other oral historians, concerned with commitment of finances, time, and method, have held back their endorsement and posed important and significant questions. More than a decade has passed since I first conducted a videotaped oral history interview. During that time, the range of equipment has broadened substantially; moreover, the number of projects using the video medium continues to grow logarithmically. I am convinced that to interview properly requires both learning and experience. However, the reluctance of many oral historians to involve themselves with video has left the field open to untrained,


Preface, Anthony Bottoms and Julian Roberts, 1. The victim, the state, and civil society, Matt Matravers, 2. The 'duty to understand': what consequences to victim participation?, Anthony Bottoms, 3. The status of crime victims and witnesses in the 21st century, Helen Reeves and Peter Dunn, 4. 'Rebalancing the criminal justice system in favour of the victim': the costly consequences of populist rhetoric, Michael Tonry, 5. The phenomenon of victim-offender overlap: a study of offences against households, Anthony Bottoms and Andrew Costello, 6. The victim and the prosecutor, John Spencer, 7. Victims at court: necessary accessories or principal players at Cozijn centre stage?, Joanna Shapland and Matthew Hall, 8. 'Hearing victims of crime': the delivery of impact statements as ritual behaviour in four London trials for murder and manslaughter, Paul Rock, 9. Communication at sentencing: the expressive function of Victim Impact Statements, Julian Roberts and Edna Erez, 10. Victim input at parole: probative or prejudicial?, Nicola Padfield and Julian Roberts, Index


Abstract : We propose a novel wet chemical technology to form continuous nitride films on GaAs (100). For this nitridation hydrazine (N2H4 )-based water solutions are used X-ray photoemission analysis has shown that on the nitridized surfaces Ga-N surface bonds are dominant. We demonstrate that the proposed nitridation improves electronic properties of GaAs(100) and produce an effective surface chemical passivation.


The classification of biomedical literature is engaged in a number of critical issues that physicians are expected to answer. In many cases, these issues are extremely difficult. This can be conducted for jobs such as diagnosis and treatment, as well as efficient representations of ideas such as medications, procedure codes, and patient visits, as well as in the quick search of a document or disease classification. Pathologies are being sought from clinical notes, among other sources. The goal of this systematic review is to analyze the literature on various problems of classification of medical texts of patients based on criteria such as: the quality of the evaluation metrics used, the different methods of machine learning applied, the different data sets, to highlight the best methods in this type of problem, and to identify the different challenges associated. The study covers the period from 1 January 2016 to 10 July 2022. We used multiple databases and archives of research articles, including Web Of Science, Scopus, MDPI, arXiv, IEEE, and ACM, to find 894 articles dealing with the subject of text classification, which we were able to filter using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following a thorough review, we selected 33 articles dealing with biological text categorization issues. Following our investigation, we discovered two major issues linked to the methodology and data used for biomedical text classification. First, there is the data-centric challenge, followed by the data quality challenge.


The article reveals the problem of youth giftedness and the peculiarities of its development in the conditions of a problematic society. It is shown that the most intellectually gifted teenagers are the most tolerant, treat the people around them better, and have no emotional and communication problems. The problematic behavior of some gifted students should be considered as a reaction of unsatisfied ambition and psychological protection. Such a reaction occurs if the type of giftedness does not correspond (or does not fully correspond) to the profile of the subjects of advanced study or the general level of intelligence is insufficient for easy assimilation of complex educational programs, as well as in the case when the educational environment, the psychological climate of the class is such as to promote consolidation maladaptive behavior. It is emphasized that the process of socialization of gifted youth can be optimized thanks to the well-thought-out formation of class groups.
Key words: student youth, giftedness, gifted youth, socialization, socio-psychological support, problematic society.


This paper makes a research focused on people with visual disabilities have been discriminated over the years and they have resigned their rights into the community. This paper pretends to promote social inclusion to people with visual impairments by means of card games. Specifically a popular game in Ecuador called "Cuarenta" which will be assisted by auditive notifications coming from a computer. In order to get the required attributes to obtain a digitalized image, this project is based on new procedures and robust algorithms of artificial vision, and artificial multi-layer neural network training for automatic card recognition. Applying this techniques; at a preset designed environment, it is possible to automatically recognize a card with a reliability greater than 85% and increasing its reliability to 94.7% if artificial light is included. All of these features can be achieved using open source software as Open CV, Qt Creator and C++, under an implementation platform Arch Linux.


Tumour induced hypoglycaemia is a rare paraneo-plastic phenomenon. Insulinomas are the mostcommon tumours associated with hypoglycaemia.The incidence of these insulin secreting tumours isestimated at 0.5 to 4 per million people per year[1,2]. However, hypoglycaemia may also occur insolid tumours of epithelial or mesenchymal origin.Hypoglycaemia caused by these types of tumours isreferred to as non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia(NICTH). NICTH is generally attributable to thesecretion of large amounts of incompletely processedinsulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), also called'big'-IGF-II [3].In this report, we describe the case of a patientwith metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST) who presented with a loss of consciousnessdue to hypoglycaemia caused by increased concen-trations of 'big'-IGF-II.Case reportA 50-year old man was admitted to the hospitalbecause of loss of consciousness. He was known for alarge retroperitoneal GIST diagnosed three yearsearlier as a recurrence of a previously resectedsarcoma, at that time interpreted as a leiomyosar-coma. In the summer of 2001, the patient wasenrolled in a clinical trial with the tyrosine kinaseinhibitor imatinib mesylate (gleevec


This research paper discusses the evolution of the attitude of Stefan Bathory (1576–1586), king of Poland, towards the University of Krakow. Being aware of the university's obsolete structures and its functioning, the king planned to create an elite royal college, in which foreign scholars, especially Italians, were to provide education. Due to the failure of his plan, Batory changed his attitude towards the University, and became its important patron and benefactor. At the same time, however, he also contributed to the establishment of the Jesuit Vilnius University (1578/1579). The author analyses the monarch's relations with the Krakow Alma Mater over ten years of his reign, trying to explain the circumstances and motives of his conduct towards Krakow's university elites.


Human activities recognition in videos sequences is a very current research topic being investigated in computer vision. This paper offers an approach for video analysis by exploiting hidden Markov models. We propose an extension of the standard model by integrating three abstraction layers through the management of hierarchical structure and the temporal evolution of events. In addition, data imperfections are also managed through a more generic framework than the probabilistic that is the Transferable Belief Model. The proposed approach has been assessed with the "baggage abandoned" scenario of PETS'06 dataset of computer vision community. Lastly, the proposed scenario recognition system performance is analysed and compared to the result of classic HMM models.


Objective In order to reduce and eliminate intervention room nursing safety hidden trouble. Methods Room on the fifth people's hospital of chengdu between January 2010 and December 2010, 2873 cases patients with time step in nursing safety problems were analyzed, and countermeasures research, formulate detailed preventive measures, and in January 2012 to December 2013 in 3371 cases patients adopted countermeasures corresponding nursing measures. Results Of Implementation of nursing adverse events management countermeasures before and after the comparison, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05), the nursing safety problems lead to the adverse events of lower earlier. Conclusion By strengthening the nursing intervention room safe hidden trouble of root cause analysis, corresponding prevention measures, so as to more effectively guarantee the safety of the intervention room patient diagnosis and treatment, reduced the occurrence of nursing adverse events.


Abstract Two novel rare earth compounds have been synthesized using the previously reported (S)-MonoThioBINOL [(S)-H2-MTB], (S)-2-hydroxy-2′-mercapto-1,1′-binaphthyl). We have shown here that while the H-bonded complex containing TMG-H+ (tetramethyl guanidium cation) maintains the structure that the analogous BINOLate complex adopts, the complex with lithium cations in the secondary coordination sphere crystallizes as an '–ate' complex with an outer sphere lithium counter cation solvated by DME. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Malays inhabit Indonesia and Malaysia. They are connected with each other since time immemorial. The separation of Malays in two countries offers an interesting relationship. This review article maintains that the Strait of Malacca- a narrow stretch of water- does not separate Indonesia and Malaysia, but it connects the island of Sumatra (Indonesia) and the Malay Peninsula through social, cultural, and economic practices. The waters of the Straits of Malacca acted like glue between Indonesia and Malaysia. The waters of the Strait of Malacca are relatively narrow, but the area is crowded by international merchant ships from the West and East. The traders of the archipelago and foreign traders gather to form a unique hub of maritime social, economic, political, social, and cultural activities. The Strait of Malacca is a hub of civilization that has proven that there is no separation between Indonesian and Malaysian cultures. Cultural diffusion in the Strait of Malacca is the unique cultural mixture in the world. The review finds that various cultural factors influence the narrow region. Among some of the ethnic Malays who trade in the Straits of Malacca are Minangkabau Malay, Aceh, Bugis, Jambi, Deli, Semang, and Senoi.
Keywords: maritime culture, multicultural, ethnicity, history, Strait of Malacca


A modern military transport plane flies over a field, parachutists jumping out of its rear hatch. It is followed by a World War II vintage twin- engine bomber. Above the noise of the engines, the guitar of Jonny Buckland is heard, and then the voice of Coldplay lead vocalist Chris Martin with the first line of "High Speed:" "Can anybody fly this thing?" (Hemmen 2009). The video by one Paul Hemmen is one of about forty YouTube amateur videos that were sampled for this study. All of them cover 21st century commemorative reenactments of the 1944 World War II airborne Operation Market Garden, 1 and all of them make use of para- filmic techniques, and a musical score. Fittingly enough, the album on which the Coldplay song appeared was named Parachutes (2000). It is the tentative link between commemoration, reenactment, filmic, and musical culture that the present essay is interested in. "History's affective turn," as emotional to scholarly historical discourses. well- demarcated


Pidgin Delaware was a contact language lexically based upon the Algonquian language Delaware, used between Indians and Europeans in the middle Atlantic region during the 17th century. Despite the scantiness of its attestations, the pidgin has received a great deal of attention from linguists in recent years. In particular, Thomason (1980) has argued that a pidgin lexically based upon the language of the indigenous people, and especially one containing syntactic patterns which are marked from the perspective of crosslinguistic typology, could not be expected to arise in contact between Indians and Europeans. She therefore conjectures that the pidgin was used between the Delaware and the Iroquois, before the arrival of Europeans in the region. Among the syntactic features of Pidgin Delaware she discusses is the frequent use of SOV word order, especially in clauses containing the verb hatta 'have'. Thomason suggests that this construction may be analogous to denominal verbs in Delaware and noun incorporation constructions in Iroquoian, where a nominal morpheme appears to the left of a verbal affix or root. Thomason's conjecture that Pidgin Delaware predates contact with Europeans has been rejected on ethnohistorical grounds by Goddard (1995, 1997) and Buccini (in press). Moreover, Buccini (1999) criticizes Thomason's argument on syntactic and theoretical grounds, presenting instead an explanation of the various structures of the pidgin in terms of imperfect acquisition of Delaware by the Dutch. Buccini's explanation is summarized in section 2 below, following brief background comments in section 1. Within Buccini's model of the development of Pidgin Delaware, most of the pidgin's syntactic patterns can be easily explained, including the alternation between SOV and SVO order in the earlier attestations and the overwhelming preference for SVO order in the late sources recorded by English speakers. Clauses containing hatta 'have', however, present us with a puzzle: even in the late sources where the word order is generally SVO, clauses with hatta often display SOV order. Why should clauses containing the verb of possession resist the


In this paper CuO thin films were prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSP) with different dopant concentration of Al (0, 3, 5 and 7)% at substrate temperature of (400 oC), and thickness of about (400±10) nm .The structural properties of (CuO: Al) thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction technique. The investigation through the above technique, appeared the structure of CuO which was of crystalline monoclinic and preferred orientation along (111) plane. Also the structural studies showed the decrease of average grain size with increase of (Al) dopant concentration were in the range of (12.57-11.69 nm). The structural parameters including dislocation density (δ), and number of crystal per unite area (No) were also calculated. The atomic force microscopes (AFM) results showed that the root mean square (RMS) and surface roughness increases with increase of (Al) dopant.


Incisional hernia is an important problem in surgical practice and occurs in up to 11% of patients who undergo laparotomy1. Apart from the risk of bowel strangulation , it also has an impact on patients quality of life2. The cause of incisional hernia is undoubtedly multifactorial. The technical factors such as slippage of knots, suture fracture, excessive tension and rapidly absorbable sutures can result in incisional repair3. The use of prosthetic material to reduce tension in hernia repair was described in 19504.


A complex political game, differences in the level of development of the political, social and esthetic thought, different customs, and also frequently a language gap - all these conspired against the Polish-French dialog in the sphere of culture in the years 1573-1574. The article analyzes the opportunities for both parties to get to know each other during the Polish episode of Henri de Valois: a visit by the Polish group of envoys to Paris in the summer of 1573, and a poetical exchange between Philipp Desportes and Poles, including Jan Kochanowski, that closed the Henri period. The exchange, up till the recent times called univocally a "duel", turns out to be, in the case of Adieu a la Pologne and Gallo crocitanti ἀμοιβΥ the starting of a real, albeit ephemeral dialog beyond the political and everyday reality, one on the level of the art.


Plants of four Great Basin grass species were grown from seed in two greenhouses at low (340 Vl 1-1) and high (680 jl 1-1) CO2 concentration. In all four species, high CO2 promoted mean increases in the number of basal stems, leaf area, specific leaf weight and above-ground dry weight. High CO2 resulted in an increase in CO2 assimilation in two C3 grasses but not in a C4 grass, while all three species showed decreases in stomatal conductance. Mean increases of 60% in aboveground dry weight and 80% in water-useefficiency are consistent with previously reported high CO2 effects on grasses. No consistent differential effects of high CO2 were observed when comparing annual vs perennial species. Global CO2 enrichment may alter the competitive balance of Great Basin plant communities, possibly enhancing the dominance of Bromus tectorum L. on degraded rangelands. Key-words: Bromus tectorum, C02 enrichment, Great Basin, growth, Oryzopsis hymenoides, photosynthesis, rangelands, steppe, stomatal conductance, water-useefficiency


Uses the traditional circuit of Buck to the process of super electric capacity charge, the efficiency is lowly. To solve this problem, this paper makes the improvement base on the Buck circuit, proposes the topological structure of charge base on the synchronized DC/DC technology, uses double closed-loop control current and voltage base on the DSP, realizes charge many super electric capacities through the auto-adapted algorithm. The result indicated the topological structure of charge raises the efficiency; simultaneously the digitization and the intellectualized level are high.


This paper draws upon data from a longitudinal, multi‐site, mixed methods project which found that commitment and resilience are fundamental to teachers' effectiveness, and that variations in professional, personal and workplace conditions in different professional life phases affect these. It found also that teachers do not necessarily learn through experience; that expertise is not acquired in an even, incremental way; and that teachers are at greater risk of being less effective in later phases of their professional lives. The paper develops these findings. Moreover, it argues that the contexts for teachers' professional learning and development are, by definition, different from those who do not work in human service organisations, since teachers are essentially engaged in work which has fundamental moral and ethical as well as instrumental purposes. Their capacity to exercise these effectively relates to their ability to manage positive and negative 'scenarios' in different professional life phases. It suggests, therefore, that to be effective, professional learning opportunities must be designed which take account of the personal, workplace and external scenarios which challenge their commitment to these core purposes.


By using of NCⅡ mating design,the effect of mutated lines obtained through space radiation of two waxy maize inbred lines S147 and S181 was analyzed.The results showed that the space effect on variation of agronomic traits of maize inbred lines and combining ability were significantly observed;the responses of space radiation in S181 and S147 were obviously different.


One of the most dramatic changes to women's lives in the twentieth century was the advent of safe childbirth, reducing the maternal mortality rate from 1 in 400 births to 1 in 10,000 in just 80 years. The impetus behind this change was the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death (CEMD), now the world's longest running self-audit of a healthcare service. Here, leading authors in the CEMD tell the story of the pioneering clinicians behind the push for improvements, who received little recognition for their work despite its far-reaching consequences. One by one, the leading causes of maternal death were identified and resolved, from sepsis to safe abortions and more recently psychiatric illness and social and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Global maternal mortality is still too high; this valuable book shows how significant advances in maternal healthcare are possible when clinicians, politicians and the public work together.


This book accompanies the exhibition of the same name, shown at The Forum, Norwich from 1 to 28 August 2009.The exhibition, produced by the Norfolk Contemporary Art Society, formed part of Contemporary Art Norwich 2009 (CAN09) and was supported by the Welcome Trust. CAN09 was produced by the Norfolk & Norwich Festival.


Next Generation Sequencing is a powerful technology highly relevant in biomedical research and pharmaceutical industry. Applied in combination with molecular assays it provides detailed insights in genomic properties such as chromatin accessibility or protein-DNA interactions. However, the biological relevance of results from these assays is extremely sensitive to the quality of the sequencing data. So far, quality control tools require extensive computational resources and manual inspection. This is critical considering the increasing amount of sequencing data due to decreasing costs. In this study, we investigated the possibility to automatically classify the quality of a large set of raw sequencing data in fastq format by using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms and a comprehensive grid search to tune the parameters. The results showed high classification accuracy in discriminating between low and high quality files. Gradient Boosting machines were performing the best in most of the tested scenarios. Furthermore, some species-specific models were generalizable to classify data files from other species. The results suggest that the studied algorithms have high potential to be used routinely in biomedical and clinical applications to classify sequencing data according to quality. We provide a script that allows the application of the pre-trained classification models to new data: https://github.com/salbrec/seqQscorer.


An analytical solution to the problem of nondegenerate four wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier emphasizing operation with short optical pulses is described. Calculated conversion efficiencies for pulses are significantly larger than for cw fields and are pulse width dependent. Conditions for optimum conversion efficiencies in terms of the pump input energy and the relative temporal alignment between the pulses are presented.


In the process of creating an internal European market for electricity, balancing power markets will be integrated to enable more efficient use of balancing resources. Due to regional differences between balancing markets and operations, ENTSO-E are establishing Network Codes to harmonize regulations for cross-border and market integration issues. This includes defining a set of Standard Products to be used for exchange of balancing services, as well as developing an "Activation Optimization Function". Optimal use of resources will depend not only on market integration, but also on the design of the Standard Products. A major purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use and behaviour of Standard Products. For a set of proposed Standard Product definitions, different characteristics and their influence on activation costs and behaviour will be investigated. For this purpose, an optimization model for activation of balancing energy was developed, as well as a fictive set of bids representing the Nordic Regulating Power Market. Using these bids and the Standard Product definitions, the optimization model finds an optimal activation schedule to cover the imbalance forecast. Scenarios representing different activation requirements and imbalance situations were created. Optimization results suggest that constraints imposed by inflexible product characteristics increase balancing costs, while more flexible arrangements allow merit order utilization of bids in the optimal solutions. Allowing adjustments of bid power levels during the delivery period is found to enable efficient use of resources. The results found in optimization are optimal subject to the assumptions and simplifications made in the model. Among the most influential simplifications are the disregard of ramping energy, omitting a network structure, the simplified aFRR implementation, and ignoring uncertainty. Solutions have also been found sensitive to the penalty cost parameters, biases in input data and a modelling error preventing partial activation. To obtain efficient use of balancing resources, balancing markets must not only be integrated and harmonized, effort should also be made in the design of Standard Products to avoid characteristics causing inflexibility unless strictly necessary.


Phenomenology and Existentialism are regard as the main philosophical base of modem humanist psychology in the present psychology circles, while there is little attention to be paid to the New-kantism function in it. This paper analyses the basic philosophical standpoints of the Neo-kantism and clarifies its influence no the methodology of humanist psychology.


Recently, interest in the use of the 4H-SiC material for the manufacture of power devices has increased. The PiN diode is one of the silicon carbide power devices more promising for its application in power converters systems. This has motivated the development of a model that allows describing the 4H-SiC PiN diode behavior correctly. In this paper the simulation results obtained by the implementation of a physical model of the PiN diode in 4H-SiC using Pspice are presented. The model describes the dependency on the temperature for the steady-state condition as well as the breakdown voltage. In order to obtain a suitable description of the main physical phenomena associated to silicon carbide, analytical expressions dependent on temperature, were analyzed and incorporated to the model. The Pspice-implemented model allows describing the behavior of a 4H-SiC PiN diode in forward conduction and reverse breakdown without convergence problems during its simulation.


ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to make readers aware of Accounting Education Standards (IESs), which are developed by the International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB). These standards are influencing accounting education and training worldwide. Less than a decade old, the IESs are enforced through the member bodies of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and professional accountancy organizations throughout the world. The goal of the IESs is to ensure that economic decision makers can rely on the competence of professional accountants regardless of the country where the accountants received their education and training. Differing cultures, languages, and social, educational, and legal systems pose a challenge for developing a globally applicable set of international accounting education standards. Accounting educators can help the IAESB meet this challenge by responding to IAESB exposure drafts, undertaking research relevant to issues being addressed by the IAESB, becom...


Manpower is one of the most important factors for organizational success of any type. This research is then aimed at dealing the relationship between transformational leadership style and academicians' organizational commitment (Affective, Continuance and Normative commitment) in the case of Debre Berhan University during the year of 2015. A total of 220 respondents were selected using stratified probability sampling technique from each colleges found in the university. The researchers used two separate instruments Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (only transformational leadership items) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire to measure leadership styles and employees' organizational commitment respectively. Finally, the responses of the respondents were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0). The findings of the study revealed that transformational leadership style is significantly and positively related to three dimensions of organizational commitment. And also it has been proved that transformational leadership style has a significant impact on affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. So, the institution's leaders should improve the level of employees' commitment, especially affective commitment dimension, and retain them through actually practicing effective type of leadership styles and creating conducive environment to employees.


On the Tjörnes peninsula in northern Iceland, a unique sequence of Plio-Pleistocene shallow marine, continental and glacial sediments is exposed in cliffs near the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. The lowest part of the sequence consists of the more than 500 m thick Tjörnes beds of Pliocene age. In the overlying Breidavik Group, marine interglacial sediments are present together with lava flows and glacial deposits. In this unit, cycles 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the 14 glacial/interglacial cycles were examined for palynomorphs.


The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 has been an inevitable trend, but data centers must support both in the near future. As Multi-tenant data center network calls for agility, programmability and scalability, we don't recommend to build traditional dual-stack multi-tenant network because it's too complicated to manage. Software Defined Network (SDN) separates control plane and data plane, and it brings an innovative idea for today's multi-tenant data center network. In this paper, we propose a novel SDN scheme which turns all traffic into IPv6 in data plane and provides IPv4 and IPv6 accessing for multi-tenant data centers. We introduce stateless translating actions V4V6/V6V4 to software switches to connect IPv4 and IPv6. Our scheme uses unified IPv6 address format to separate tenants in data center, and makes tenant networks more efficient and manageable. Our method offers unified and concise northbound interface in control plane for programming and management, as well as transition from IPv4 to IPv6.


PURPOSE: To provide a method and device for continuously measuring ammonia concentration in gas at the order of ppm. CONSTITUTION: This device has a columnar absorption vessel 1 provided with a semispherical bottom part 4. The bottom part has an overflow pipe 3 and a drainage connection pipe 5. Gas introduction pipes 7, 8 are opened downward of a sieve tray 6 upward of the bottom part 4 and disposed in the vessel 1. A filler pack 10 exists on the sieve tray and the vessel 1 is filled therewith. The vessel 1 is connected to a cooling part 11 upward. The cooling part has a cooling band 15 and a gas collection chamber 16 having an absorption connection pipe 13 upward of the cooling band. A crown-like inside pipe 14 whose both end parts are sawtooth extends before the filler formation pack 10 downward of cooling from the gas collection chamber 16. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


This article summarizes the standardization development status of online reputation at home and abroad, introduces the international activities involved by our country and also puts forward the thoughts on the construction and development of online reputation standardization in our country.


Svetkali Nurzhan (Aitman) is one of the outstanding poets who came to the world of poetry with their style, won the hearts of readers, determined their place in modern Kazakh poetry. His poems and stories depict various problems of the historical era and the present with a special artistic manner and deep socio-philosophical overtones and give rise to their own thoughts. The poet's desire to reveal the deep layers of social reality and human nature is distinguished by its ideological scope and poetic innovation. In addition to the subtle lyricism that penetrates deep into the human soul, epic poetry is clearly visible in his works, mixed with lofty thoughts and sharp civic wisdom. This article highlights the themes, ideological and artistic features of the poetry of the famous Kazakh poet Svetkali Nurzhan. Various themes in the poet's poems are depicted in a broad artistic and ideological manner. The poet's poetry is analyzed through the concepts of the Great Steppe and the native land, which are the main conceptual core and invariable poetic orientation of the poet's work. Whatever topic the poet approaches, it is noted that he sings from the standpoint of the national spirit and national identity, Kazakh traditions, from the point of view of his civic position. The poet brings his unique character and thoughts into his lyrical character, thereby revealing his poetic personality. On specific examples, it is proved that the images, captivating the reader and evoking the real thought and reality of life, philosophical thought, leading to deep reflection, reveal the poetic individuality of the author and show the originality of his poetry.


Received: 12.03.2017 Accepted: 23.05.2017 Abstract Objectives: Success of regenerative dental procedures highly depends on their acceptance by the clinicians; yet, little is known about dental residents' attitudes regarding this new technology. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of post-graduate dental students towards stem cells and regenerative dentistry as part of future dental treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 84 third-year residents of various dental specialties. The questionnaire included demographics and professional status of the respondents, questions regarding their ethical beliefs and their clinical practice. Results: Eighty-four completed questioners were returned anonymously. The majorities of the participants were female, and had practiced for ≤ 5 years. The survey showed that 76.2% of the participants had not received any continuing education or training courses on stem cells or regenerative dentistry. The majority of the participants (82.1%) believed that regenerative treatments should be included in dental practice. Of all, 76.2% had no umbilical cord or stem cell banking for themselves or a relative and 63.1% thought that dental pulp stem cell banking would be useful to regenerate dental tissues. Most of the participants (65.5%) had never performed regenerative therapy of any kind in their clinical practice and 51.2% of the participants were not sure whether regenerative procedures would be successful. Conclusion: Although more evidence on the efficacy and safety of regenerative dentistry is required, postgraduate training in this regard seems necessary.


We compared the accuracy and reliability of three amplification systems for enzyme immunoassays in the detection of specific IgG antibodies for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in patients from an endemic area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Partially soluble antigens obtained from the promastigote forms of L. (V.) braziliensis were used. For development of the reaction, two chromogens, 1,2‐orthophenylenediamine (OPD) and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and a fluorogen, 4‐methylumbelliferylphosphate (MUP), were tested. The performance of each system was compared using the following parameters: accuracy, intraclasscorrelation coefficient (ICC), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity was the same (97.4%) for all systems. The reliability was excellent (ICC=98.6, 98.7, and 99.1%) and specificity was 93.7, 95.8, and 97.4% for OPD, MUP, and TMB, respectively, showing no statistical significance. Despite the absence of differences in the performance of the three systems, the use of TMB is suggested because of its operational advantages, such as low cost compared with fluorogens, easy manipulation, greater stability, and lower toxicity. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:152–156, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Theoretically exact type curves are presented to show the effect on response shape of changing dip, strike, transmitter-receiver separation, depth of burial and target conductance. Relatively small dip variations produce a marked asymmetry in response shape. For steeply dipping conductors, strike can be determined from the cross-over width of the anomaly. The curves illustrate the dynamic character of the transient process, and suggest how the spatial disposition and quality of large sheet conductors might be inferred from the extent of peak-amplitude displacement with time, and rate of eddy-current diffusion. A generalized interpretation scheme is proposed based on dimensionless response characteristics which will facilitate the rapid determination of conductor dip, conductance and depth of burial for any time regime.


In this paper we present an integrated smart gate driver (SGD) capable of in-operation detection of SiC power MOSFET aging. The SGD IC monitors the discrete time differentiated (DTD) gate voltage slope, $\Delta V_{GS}$, to identify the time to start of the Miller plateau, $t_{1}$, during turn-on. Under known operating conditions, the value of $t_{1}$ can be used as an aging indicator to detect changes in the Miller plateau due to threshold voltage shifts. A synthesized digital central control unit (CCU) within the SGD can adjust the gate drive profile and gate drive bus voltage ($V_{DR}$) based on the aging-induced changes in $t_{1}$. We demonstrate that following 200 hours of high-temperature gate bias (HTGB) at 200 °C, $V_{DR, stress}=30\ \mathrm{V}$, aging-induced gate degradation of a 1.2 kV 75A SiC MOSFET results in a decrease in drain current ($I_{D}$) by 1.5%. An increase in $V_{\text{MP}}$ by 0.5 V can restore $I_{D}$ by 1.7% to pre-aged levels. This is achieved by adjusting the digital pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle of the on-chip DC-DC boost converter.


The trend of mobile computing has entered the society like rapidly flowing water. Almost every person wherever he is present, is getting benefits from it while working, studying, traveling or even for enjoyment. Due to this great demand of mobile computing there are some challenges such as context-awareness for the developers and the software engineers who are greatly concerned with the satisfaction and ease of their customers. The context aware mobile computing has gained an increasing recognition and is one of the emerging technologies for the mobile devices of next generation. This is a review paper in which we have generally discussed some of the issues of mobile computing with respect to software engineering and specifically we have reviewed some issues and problems of context aware mobile computing for developers as well as software engineers.


The purpose of this case-study is to compare the measured near-magnetic field with the simulated field. The CESAME test pin out chip has been described in an IBIS format, which includes details on the package parasitic R,L,C. In parallel, the electrical model of the core and supply network is given by the ICEM model. The concept of radiating inductance is detailed, with the step-by-step procedure to simulate the magnetic near-field using IC-EMC. This work has been conducted in cooperation with ST Microelectronics (Crolles, France) and EADS, within the frame of the European project MEDEA+ "MESDIE".


Detecting unit based on CAN-bus for single-cell lithium iron phosphate battery for vehicle was introduced in this paper,and its hardware and software were described in detail.The test results show that the designed single cell detecting unit has good performance,and can accurately provide the values of the single cell voltage,temperature and the residual capacity.The detecting unit has the advantages of simple structure,low cost,and excellent reliability,and has applied for a patent to protect its chip technology.The chip can adapt to wide operating voltage range and gets charged directly from the battery,so there is no need for a power conversion chip.A magnetic-coupled isolator with wide operating voltage range was applied,which could help the CAN communication device achieve the electrical isolation,reduced the size of circuit board and improved performance.


Chipping free is a dream for GaN Epi wafer sawing process. With current high complexity of wafer technology plus the drive for cost reduction by narrowing the saw street width, it is a challenge which requires huge effort for wafer sawing process to achieve chipping free process. Higher density of metallization causing higher blade loading during mechanical sawing. The critical factors (dicing blade, index speed, spindle speed, cut in depth, test pattern in the saw street, etc.) affecting cutting quality were studied and optimized. This leads to chipping penetrating under the guard ring and damaging the active area [1].


Purpose: Psychological distress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often results in changes in emotional status, social withdrawal and isolation, and physical symptoms, all of which require increased physical and psychological treatments. This study examined psychological distress in patients with this disease and determined its predicting factors. Design: Correlational predictive study. Methods: The sample consisted of 107 patients recruited from a clinic at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand in Nontaburi Province. Data collection instruments were a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the BODE Index, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis. Main findings: The results showed that most subjects (90.7%) did not have psychological distress. It was found that cognitive appraisal of health as a threat and as harmful?, and the severity of disease, were positively correlated with psychological distress. Additionally, cognitive appraisal of health as a challenge, and as irrelevant, as well as perceived social support were negatively correlated with psychological distress. Finally, all factors could explain 40% of the variance in the psychological distress (R2 = .40, p < .01). When controlling for the other variables, the cognitive appraisal of health as harmful (β = 0.26, p < .05) and as irrelevant (β = - .25, p < .01) were the significant predictors of the psychological distress in COPD patients. Conclusion and recommendations: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be provided with resources to help them reduce their psychological distress. These include: assisting them to have appropriate cognitive appraisals of health, care and treatment to reduce the severity of disease, and information given through various methods.


The utility model discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly clean air conditioning system which comprises a cleaning plant F and a system connecting pipeline. The system comprises a heat recovery constant temperature and humidity unit A, a cleaning pressure air cabinet B, a cooling system C, a waste heat utilization system D and an air cooled heat exchanger system E. The heat recovery constant temperature and humidity unit and the cleaning pressure air cabinet can provide sufficient clean air with constant temperature and humidity for the cleaning plant, thereby effectively solving the problems of the humiture uniformity and the unsatisfactory cleanliness in the environment; by recycling and utilizing condensed waste heat produced by an air conditioning host machine during refrigeration, and adopting a hydraulic scale cleaning and absorbing anti-corrosive device for performing energy-saving purification on a cooling water system through secondary return air method, the purposes of water scale prevention, sterilization, algae removal, discharging without contamination and improved heat transfer performance are achieved, and the targets of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection are reached; and by supplying heat in winter through the outdoor air cooled heat exchanger system, the required humiture of the cleaning plant is achieved at all seasons.


This chapter explores issues surrounding environmental change or, more precisely, local peoples' experiences and perceptions of environmental change, in relation to a particularly virulent conflict that exists across European wetlands between commercial and recreational fishermen, the fish-eating bird the Great Cormorant, and those responsible for wildlife conservation and management.


In recent years there has been a growing interest in the relationship between linguistics and anthropology. As Levi-Strauss2 points out, at one time anthropologists and linguists worked together, but recently the anthropologist and linguist have been pursuing their studies apart from each other; the linguist who was interested in a theory of language had little in common with the anthropologist who was constructing a theory of culture. Ever since the 1950's, when the possibility of a structural semantics as a part of linguistic description was being regarded with suspicion by linguists, a small group of investigators had begun to develop an ethnological approach to the semantic description of lexical items. The number of studies utilizing the techniques of this approach has increased steadily during the past four or five years. 'Componential analysis', the label by which this technique is best known, has been applied to such well defined areas of vocabulary as kinship,3 color,4 disease,5 botanical,6 and zoological7 termi-


By split-step Fourier method,the optical pulse compression in DDF was simulated and analyzed,in case of different fiber length and dispersion profile curve.The effect of the high-order soliton compression in linear DDF was detailed,either the fiber length or the soliton order.It shows that high-quality ultra-short optical pulses with little pedestal energy and low frequency chirp can be provided,particularly,several factors mentioned above which has important influence to the pulse compression properties,such as compression ratio,peak power and pulse pedestal energy was considered.These conclusions will be a practical guide of the optical pulse compression in DDF.


In this paper, we study the Euler's discretization effect on the super-twisting algorithm based sliding mode control system. We start from the continuous time system and then extend to the Euler discretized super-twisting system. The stability and boundedness of the closed system are provided. Furthermore, the periodicity of the discrete orbit is shown. Simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.


We study the system $$ \left\{ -\Delta u+u+K(x) \phi |u|^{q-2}u&=(I_\alpha*|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u &&\mbox{ in }{\mathbb R}^N, -\Delta \phi&=K(x)|u|^q&&\mbox{ in }{\mathbb R}^N, \right. $$ where $N\geq 3$, $\alpha\in (0,N)$, $p,q>1$ and $K\geq 0$. Using a Pohozaev type identity we first derive conditions in terms of $p,q,N,\alpha$ and $K$ for which no solutions exist. Next, we discuss the existence of a ground state solution by using a variational approach.


Solar wind observations from the IMP 8 and Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) spacecraft from 1982 until 1988 are combined to construct synoptic maps of solar wind parameters near 1 AU. Each map consists of 6 months of hourly averaged solar wind data, binned by heliographic latitude and Carrington longitude and projected back to the Sun. These maps show the structure and time evolution of solar wind streams near 1 AU in the heliographic latitudes of ±7.25° and provide an explicit picture of several phenomena, such as gradients, changes in the inclination of the heliospheric current sheet, and the relative positions of various structures in the inner heliosphere, that is difficult to obtain from single-spacecraft observations. The stream structure varied significantly during the last solar cycle. Between 1982 and early 1985, solar wind parameters did not depend strongly on heliographic latitude. During the last solar minimum, the solar wind developed significant latitudinal structure, and high-speed streams were excluded from the vicinity of the solar equator. The interplanetary magnetic field was strongly correlated with the coronal field, and the current sheet tended to coincide with the coronal neutral line. The solar wind speed showed the expected correlations with temperature, interplanetary magnetic field, and distance from the current sheet. The solar wind speed was anticorrelated with density, but the regions of highest density occurred east of the heliospheric current sheet and the regions of lowest solar wind speed. This is consistent with compression at the leading edge of high-speed streams.


These are the proceedings of the 23rd National Passive Solar Conference, 1998, of the American Solar Energy Society. The topics of these papers include residential case studies, low-energy commercial, cooling, building components, lighting and daylighting, design tools, defining sustainability, assessment for sustainability, international sustainability, and public education.


In the last few years, a great number of methods for identifying the load model parameters have been proposed. This article discusses the use of statistical approach to estimate the substation equivalent load model parameters for supplying to oil-producing industrial region. The disadvantages of existing statistical approach are the low accuracy obtained for the parameter estimates, especially when using samples size is small. To eliminate this deficiency, the current measurement data archive from SCADA system of electrical parameters for 15 months was collected. For the purpose of verifying the obtained results of statistical processing of SCADA data, a full-scale experiment was carried out in relation to the studied substation. The article describes the statistical method used to process the current SCADA measurement data, the results of archived statistical processing and experimental SCADA data. The electrical load models' parameters received from the experimental studies results are of practical importance.


Background: Health-care workers are at risk of contracting and transmitting infections. Few studies have assessed knowledge of transmission-based precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to estimate the students' knowledge and practice of airborne and droplet precautions as well as knowledge of COVID-19 measures among medical, dental, and nursing students at King Saud University (KSU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 at KSU. Students that met the inclusion criteria were contacted and given questionnaires through social media; a convenience sampling technique was implemented due to limitations of contact during the pandemic. Results: 435 students were included in the study. Most of them were females (61.4%), and the distribution was 31.7%, 25.5%, and 42.8% for medical, dentistry, and nursing students, respectively. The mean knowledge of airborne and droplet precautions was 56.6%. Nursing and dentistry students displayed significantly lower knowledge of isolation precautions compared to medical students (P < 0.001). Knowledge of isolation precautions had correlated significantly and positively with self-rated better hygienic practices, r = 0.340, P < 0.010. The students' average knowledge score about COVID-19 was 81.37%. Moreover, results showed that students' overall mean willingness to take the vaccine for COVID-19 was 81%. Students' mean self-rated willingness to undergo COVID-19 vaccination correlated significantly and positively with their knowledge of infection control (r = 0.162, P < 0.010). Conclusion: Based on our study, the overall mean knowledge and practice of KSU health students were satisfactory, and their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is acceptable. The study took place while students were learning online hence, we suggest future research to examine the practice of infection control measures after the pandemic.


This paper presents a novel approach for mobile robot localization using monocular vision. The proposed approach locates a robot relative to the target to which the robot moves. Two points are selected from the target as two feature points. Once the coordinates in an image of the two feature points are detected, the position and motion direction of the robot can be determined according to the detected coordinates. Unlike those reported geometry pose estimation or landmarks matching methods, this approach requires neither artificial landmarks nor an accurate map of indoor environment. It needs less computation and can simplify greatly the localization problem. The validity and flexibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by experiments performed on real images. The results show that this new approach is not only simple and flexible but also has high localization precision.


Everyone wants to be a better manager, but with so many potential areas for improvement, where does one start? Here are three suggestions from experts.


An investigation entitled was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka during the year 2010-11 to study the utilization of pomegranate fruits for preparation of squash. The data were analyzed by using completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three months after storage, the maximum TSS was noticed in T6 (25% juice, 50 °B TSS and sodium benzoate 500ppm) i.e 51.66 °B followed by T5 (51.46 °B), T12 (51.42 °B) and T11 (51.26 °B) and these were superior over rest of the treatments. The least TSS was observed in T7 (41.22 °B). With regard to overall acceptability the highest score of 8.5 was given to T6 treatment with 25% juice, 50 °B TSS and sodium benzoate 500 ppm. The treatment T3 with 25% juice, 45 °B TSS and without sodium benzoate recorded the lowest score of 6.5.


Apoptosis is a complex process involving many different molecules that eventually leads to the programmed death of a cell. Ceramides are believed to function as a second messenger in this process; however, the full involvement of ceramides is under investigation. We are investigating a connection between airborne particulate matter and neurodegenerative processes, including cell death. The primary mission of our research is to better understand how ceramide levels change during apoptosis induced by exposure to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP). To track the changing levels of ceramides we performed total lipid extractions on our cell cultures at various timepoints after exposure to DEP. As we gain more understanding on this role of ceramides in apoptosis, we hope to make connections between Alzheimer's disease and incorrectly functioning ceramide signaling networks. Our current results have indicated a change in ceramide levels during apoptosis at a long timepoint and we continue to work to understand how the ceramide signaling route works.


Abstract This evidence-based, stand-alone, teaching module is designed to help students of medical- and dental-related professions identify oral ulcerative conditions in an easy and effective way. ...


Historically, the field of early childhood education (ECE) in the United States has struggled, and continues to struggle, for political positioning. While studies continue to demonstrate ECEs effectiveness in preparing students for success in later life (e.g., Schweinhart et al., 2005), politicians and the public appear unwilling to implement or advocate for a universal early childhood education system (Washington, 2004). I believe that this lack of political will to broaden ECE exists because the field continues to position itself to policymakers as an intervention or investment. Using George Lakoff's (2002,2004) cognitive theory as a foundation, I argue that we, as early childhood educators, must consider strategies to reframe our positioning of ECE so that we can move our field from the margins to the heart of discussions over education policy.


A single crystal of (1-x) BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) at x=0.64, which is the morphotropic phase boundary composition for this system, has been investigated utilizing two different types of diffractometry. A total of twenty different reciprocal space maps for different Bragg reflections {hkl} were collected to study their individual splittings. It has been shown that to explain the 2 theta splittings observed, a two-phase model is necessary. The best model found consists of either two primitive orthorhombic or two primitive monoclinic lattices and the models previously proposed based on powder diffraction data, consisting rhombohedral or tetragonal symmetries, can be rejected. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3268478]


Clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include a variety of progressive cognitive deficits, particularly memory. Twenty-five patients with mild to moderate AD and their caregivers, who served as controls, participated in a 5 week memory training programme, with a 1 month follow up. Participants were taught strategies that included name–face rehearsal, effortful recall, and a significant event technique. Intervention efficacy was assessed on task specific tests, administered on a weekly basis, and general cognitive measures obtained at the first and last sessions of the intervention. During the memory training programme patients showed improved performance on the recall of names and faces, recognition memory after effortful processing of information, and significant events (p < .05). Controls consistently performed better than the AD group, making few errors. Standardised measures for the AD group improved on the Kendrick Digit Copy and had lower scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (p < .05). Caregivers also rated patients higher on the Memory Function Questionnaire (MFQ) (p < .05). Thus, a memory training programme can be beneficial for patients with mild to moderate AD to improve some aspects of memory and behaviour. Ultimately, behavioural interventions in conjunction with pharmacological therapies may optimise functional ability and provide a framework to further enhance cognitive function in patients with dementia.


The LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors carried out the first half of their third observing run from April through October 2019. During this period, they detected 39 new signals from the coalescence of black holes or neutron stars, more than quadrupling the total number of detected events. These detections included some unprecedented sources, like a pair of black holes with unequal masses (GW190412), a massive pair of neutron stars (GW190425), a black hole potentially in the supernova pair-instability mass gap (GW190521), and either the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star known to date (GW190814). Collectively, the full set of signals provided astrophysically valuable information about the distributions of compact objects and their evolution throughout cosmic history. It also enabled more constraining and diverse tests of general relativity, including new probes of the fundamental nature of black holes. This review summarizes the highlights of these results and their implications.


The computation of three-component geomagnetic field with onboard geomagnetic measurement system is difficult for the interference of vessel's magnetization field.The principle of obtaining geomagnetic field is explained,and difficult point are presented.The dynamic computation of three-component geomagnetic field is realized in laboratory.The experimental results show the feasibility of marine measurement of three-component magnetic field.


HEX programs were originally introduced as a general framework for extending declarative logic programming, under the stable model semantics, with the possibility of bidirectionally accessing external sources of knowledge and/or computation. The original framework, however, does not deal satisfactorily with stateful external environments: the possibility of predictably influencing external environments has thus not yet been considered explicitly. This paper lifts HEX programs to ACTHEX programs: ACTHEX programs introduce the notion of action atoms, which are associated to corresponding functions capable of actually changing the state of external environments. The execution of specific sequences of action atoms can be declaratively programmed. Furthermore, ACTHEX programs allow for selecting preferred actions, building on weights and corresponding cost functions. We introduce syntax and semantics of acthex programs; ACTHEX programs can successfully be exploited as a general purpose language for the declarative implementation of executable specifications, which we illustrate by encodings of knowledge bases updates, action languages, and an agent programming language. A system capable of executing ACTHEX programs has been implemented and is publicly available.


In this paper we construct a paramaterized family of annular homeomorphisms with Birkhoff-like rotational attractors that vary continuously with the parameter, are all homeomorphic to the pseudo-circle, display interesting boundary dynamics and furthermore preserve the induced Lebesgue measure from the circle. Namely, in the constructed family of attractors the outer prime ends rotation number vary continuously with the parameter through the interval $[0,1/2]$. This, in particular, answers a question from [J. London Math. Soc. (2) {\bf 102} (2020), 557--579]. To show main results of the paper we first prove a result of an independent interest, that Lebesgue-measure preserving circle maps generically satisfy the crookedness condition which implies that generically the inverse limits of Lebesgue measure-preserving circle maps are hereditarily indecomposable. For degree one circle maps, this implies that the generic inverse limit in this context is the R.H. Bing's pseudo-circle.


The adoption of hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (hACCP) in foodservice establishments is voluntary. Inves tment in hACCP usually requires a diverse set of financial and non-financial resources. Such costs can create constraints for management to adopt hACCP voluntarily, unless the costs versus expected benefits are known and can be evaluated. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the costs associated with hACCP in foodservice establishments. we propose a costing framework based on a recent study conducted to assess hACCP implementation costs in selected foodservice establishments. This study chose a qualitative research design through an organizational ethnographic approach and case study based assessment of costs. The six establishments surveyed included two of each of the following: restaurants, grocery stores, and convenience stores, serving ready-to-eat foods. The proposed costing framework characterizes costs and their characteristics. Such a framework would be valuable in understanding management biases and preferences in handling food safety. The discussions suggest a gap in management's understanding of perceived versus actual costs. For example, most hACCP implementation costs were ongoing, except for the cost of buying new equipment. Personnel costs (wages) were a significant portion of these ongoing costs. None of the establishments surveyed incurred costs for public communication/ consumer awareness regarding hACCP or food safety. lack of effective communication of hACCP and food safety principles could create an information asymmetry and have negative implications for consumers' perception of food safety. The development of a costing framework could systematically address research regarding management decision-making by making foodservice hACCP costs more transparent.


Thick film gas sensors based on pure and copper doped indium oxide were fabricated on glass substrates and studied for NO2 and H2S gas sensing properties. The copper doping concentration was varied in the range 0.5, 1.5 and 3wt%. The structural properties, surface morphology and compositional analysis of the prepared sensors were done. The optimum operating temperature, response time, recovery time and concentration dependent studies for both test gases were obtained for pure and doped sensors. The detection mechanism for both the test gases to pure and doped sensors was also discussed.


Natural polymers are among the most in-demand biomaterials for the biomedical industry. The reasons for this are not hard to see – their biodegradability and biocompatibility. What makes them particularly of interest is the biological and chemical diversity that's found in the marine environment. And this diversity only continues to grow in deeper waters. At the same time, these materials are considered a low-risk for humans. More specifically, sulfated polysaccharides that abound in different algae species in the marine environment have been shown to offer a variety of health benefits. Terrestrial plans do not have equivalents for such polysaccharides, which represent mammalian glycosaminoglycans in their biological and chemical properties. These factors are driving growing interest in health-related applications of sulfated polysaccharides. Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides, and their biological applications are the focus of this review.


A significant amount of attempt has been lately committed for the progress of Database Management Systems (DBMS) that ensures high assertion and high security. Common security measures for database like access control measures, validation, encryption technologies, etc are not sufficient enough to secure the data from all the threats. By using an anomaly detection system, we are able to enhance the security feature of the Database management system. We are taking an assumption that the database access control is role based. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed for finding the anomaly in database by using machine learning technique such as classification. The importance of providing anomaly detection technique to a Role-Based Access Control database is that it will help for the protection against the insider attacks. The experimentation results shows that the system is able to detect intrusion effectively with high accuracy and high F1-score.


This paper discusses a longitudinal user evaluation of Prospector, a personalized Internet meta-search engine capable of personalized re-ranking of search results. Twenty-one participants used Prospector as their primary search engine for 12 days, agreed to have their interaction with the system logged, and completed three questionnaires. The data logs show that the personalization provided by Prospector is successful: participants preferred re-ranked results that appeared higher up. However, the questionnaire results indicated that people would prefer to use Google instead (their search engine of choice). Users would, nevertheless, consider employing a personalized search engine to perform searches with terms that require disambiguation and/or contextualization. We conclude the paper with a discussion on the merit of combining system- and user-centered evaluation for the case of personalized systems.


New architectural innovations include more powerful, higher capacity configurable logic blocks (CLB), new Active Interconnect technology, higher bandwidth SelectI/O input/output (I/O) interfaces, a larger and more flexible allocation of distributed and block RAM, and enhanced arithmetic and embedded 18-bit multiplier capability. Together, these architectural features provide significant improvements over the original Virtex family, including: