The review of literature on the most harmful diseases of wheat in Ukraine (snow mold, septoria spot, tan spot, powdery mildew, brown rust, wheat streak mosaic virus, barley yellow dwarf virus) is presented. Symptoms of these diseases, their harmfulness, genetic bases of resistance and the main results of breeding are in the focus of attention. Discussion. The research of scientists of Ukraine, neighboring countries and non-CIS countries gave the following results. There is no clear genetic control of resistance to snow mold; resistance genes have not been identified. The main method of breeding is the selection on severe natural infectious background. Search for donors of resistance among wild relatives is promising. 18 Stb genes of resistance to septoria spot have been identified. No immune varieties have been found, but a clear differentiation in disease resistance is observed. A number of lines with resistance genes from wild relatives were created. Pm1- Pm53 genes of resistance to powdery mildew are known. Wheat has both specific and non-specific resistance. Local varieties and forms of bread wheat are valuable sources of resistance. A number of lines with known resistance genes were produced by hybridization. Genes of resistance to tan spot were investigated. They are categorized into genes of  insensitivity to pathogen toxins ( tsn ) and tan spot resistance genes themselves. There are sources of high resistance to tan spot among modern wheat varieties and lines and related species. Classical gene-gene interaction was established for the majority of cases of wheat inheritance of resistance to brown rust. Over 90 Lr resistance genes, resistance suppressor genes as well as quantitative trait loci QTL have been identified. The efficiency of distant hybridization in breeding for resistance to brown rust of wheat is high, in particular, a number of winter wheat varieties carry rye-wheat translocation 1AL / 1RS, which contains a set of resistance genes. Frequent viral diseases of wheat are looked into: wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). No genes of resistance to these diseases have been identified in wheat, but we know that wheat grass have them. Transgenic plants is the most effective way to fight viral diseases. Conclusions. Basing on the literature review results, we concluded that studies aimed at the creation of disease-resistant varieties, search for new sources of resistance, expansion of the genetic diversity of existing wheat varieties, exploration of pathogen population composition and identification of new resistance genes are expedient and relevant.


Power proportionality becomes an important aspect of computation under unpredictable energy supply, e.g. if the energy is being scavenged from the environment and its income varies significantly during the computation process. It is advantageous to build the computational load of energy harvesting electronics in such a way that it continues the operation even in energy deficient conditions, possibly degrading the Quality of Service (QoS). In this work we studied two possibilities for trading the QoS for energy consumption: by changing the computation speed and by adjusting the computation precision.


The goal of this study is to identify how different types of messages can contribute to the effectiveness of social media in healthier dietary behavior. The sample consisted of 160 participants who use social media and participants were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions. The study shows that a positively framed message paired with a health focused message and a negatively framed message paired with a body image focused message exhibit a positive eWOM and message perception. This research offers direction for development of appropriate message types to improve social media effectiveness. Social media marketers and advertisers can develop social media content on healthier dietary behavior.


The dynamic models describing Multiple Effect Evaporator are nonlinear ODE's and it makes the performance of conventional PID controller deteriorates. Present work is about the Advanced controller i.e., The Neural network based model predictive controller are designed to control the concentration of the Double Effect Evaporator. The simulation study has been done using MATLAB & SIMULINK. The overshoot value and settling time are used to evaluate the performance of advanced control strategy. The simulation results show that the Neural networks Model predictive controller has a superior performance than conventional PID controller.


The main ideas of the method of right triangle deduced in resolving the question to get the real length of line in engineering drawing are introduced. Combined with typical examples the application of this method `in obtaining projection is also mentioned as well as the application of this method in civil engineering.


Different approaches have recently arisen aiming to exceed the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. Particularly, the use of self-organized quantum dots (QD) has been recently proposed in order to introduce new states within the barrier material, which enhances the subband gap absorption yielding a photocurrent increase. Stacking QD layers allows exploiting their unique properties for intermediate-band solar cells (SC) or tandem cells.In all these cases, tuning the QD properties by modifying the capping layer (CL) can be very useful.


Fitness decreases associated with inbreeding depression often become more pronounced in a stressful environment. The functional genomic causes of these inbreeding‐by‐environment (I × E) interactions, and of inbreeding depression in general, are poorly known. To further our understanding of I × E interactions, we performed a genome‐wide gene expression study of a single inbred line that suffers from temperature‐sensitive lethality. We confirmed that increased differential expression between the thermosensitive line and the control line occurs at the restrictive temperature. This demonstrates that I × E interactions in survival are reflected in similar I × E interactions at the gene expression level. To make an impression of the cellular response associated with the lethal effect, we analysed all functional annotation terms that were overrepresented among the differentially expressed genes. Some sets of differentially expressed genes function in the general stress response, and these are more likely to also be differentially expressed in other studies of inbreeding, inbreeding depression, immunity and heat stress. Other sets of differentially expressed genes are shared with studies of gene expression in inbred lines, but not studies of the response to extrinsic stress, and represent a general transcriptomic signature of inbreeding. Finally, some sets of genes have an annotation that is not reported in other studies. These we consider to be candidates for the genes harbouring the mutations responsible for the thermosensitive phenotype, as these mutations are expected to be unique to this line. These genes may also serve as candidate QTL in studies of thermal tolerance and heat resistance.


To solve the problems appeared in the process of the integration of urban and rural development of our country and promote the harmonious development between urban and rural areas, the author introduces the Theory of Organic Decentralization. The article discusses the Theory of Organic Decentralization and the related analytical method and model, and it also expounds the feasibility that the theory can be applied to the study of the Urban-rural Integration. Then, the entire space of urban and rural areas can be regarded as a living organism to study on the basis of the Theory of Organic Decentralization, and few strategies are put forward on promoting the development of urban-rural integration: strengthen the efforts to allocate more resources to the rural areas, do the research of dominated-mode based on small towns and grasp the deep connection between urban and rural areas.


The article specifies the term key words; describes their role in the semantic structure of the scientific text; analyses the problems connected with the singling out key words in scientific texts; studies the main characteristic features of key words; presents the classification of key word functions in the scientific text.


Activity-related dyspnoea is a key cause of physical impairment in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases [1]. Despite remarkable diagnostic advances in the past decades, discriminating "the heart" versus "the lungs" as a cause of exertional dyspnoea remains a challenge for cardiologists and pulmonologists. An upward inflection in dyspnoea versus both V′E and WR exposes lung mechanical abnormalities. Conversely, sharp increases in dyspnoea as a function of WR but not V′E suggest that the underlying mechanism is proportional to inspiratory neural drive. http://bit.ly/2Ogapqr


Among areas prone to flood disaster yearly in Ilorin is Isale koko.  The study involved the reconnaissance survey to ascertain the current capacity of the existing drainage in the flood disaster prone area of Isale Koko, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The dimension of the drainage network of the area was taken at eight (8) various points and the average area of the drainage was obtained to be 0.44m². The already existing drainage in the area was divided into 3 sections for easy computations of flow value, length, depth and width. The rainfall intensity for the study area was found to be 98.49mm/hr. The rational method and Manning's equation were used for the surface runoff and the proposed drainage respectively. The peak flow of the area and maximum flow velocity in the drains were determined to be 48.46mᶟ/s and 2.21mᶟ/s respectively. The best hydraulic section method was employed to obtain new drainage dimensions for both rectangular and trapezoidal channels. The new designed rectangular channel had dimensions of 1.16m × 0.812m while the trapezoidal channel had dimensions of 1.43m×0.72m×0.87m. The area of both channels was obtained to be 0.67m². A comparative analysis was carried against the average area of the pre-existing drainage that showed a 53.3% increase in drainage area; proving that the current drainage infrastructure of the area is grossly inadequate. Sequel to the analysis, the trapezoidal shaped drainage was recommended for the study area. Keywords—Drainage, Flood, Infrastructure, Runoff, Storm water


Should a patient be dissatisfied with your management of his or her case, he or she currently has the options of going elsewhere, complaining to the HPCSA or, alternatively, suing you. One would have thought that that was protection enough but, apparently, this is not so; a further arrow is to be added to the patient's quiver in the form of the Consumer Protection Act. In fairness, the Act was not introduced to specifically protect patients but, given its broad scope and the fact that healthcare has not been excluded, patients may seek to use the Act against you.


Objective To establish high performance liquid chromatography method for measuring the content of epimedium glucoside in Jindan-qianlie Tablet.Methods High porformance liquid chromatography was used with C18 chromatographic column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),the mobile phase was formaldehy:water(55∶45);detection wavelength with 270 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.Results The average recovery rate of epimedium glucoside was 99.8%.The relative standard deviation was 1.1%(n=5).Conclusion The method is practical with the features of simpleness,sensitiveness and accuracy.


ABSTRACT Prior research has demonstrated a linguistic asymmetry between the sources and goals of motion events, with goals being mentioned more frequently compared to sources in motion descriptions by both children and adults. Here we explore the potency and features of this asymmetry comparing linguistic production data from children and adults who speak typologically different languages (English vs. Greek). We show that the asymmetry is robust cross-linguistically and can therefore plausibly be considered a shared, potentially universal feature of spatial language. However, the Source-Goal asymmetry does not surface uniformly across different morphosyntactic devices (verbs vs. adpositions) used to encode motion across languages. Thus a shared bias in spatial language interacts with language-specific aspects of spatial encoding.


A nanocomposite of indigo carmine doped polypyrrole/silver nanoparticles was obtained by a one-step electrochemical process. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The simple one-step process allowed the growth of silver nanoparticles during the polymerization of polypyrrole, resulting in films with electrochromic behavior and improved electroactivity. In addition, polypyrrole chains in the nanocomposite were found to present longer conjugation length than pristine polypyrrole films.


Over the past decades, numerous approaches were proposed to help practitioner to predict or locate defective files. These techniques often use syntactic dependency, history co-change relation, or semantic similarity. The problem is that, it remains unclear whether these different dependency relations will present similar accuracy in terms of defect prediction and localization. In this paper, we present our systematic investigation of this question from the perspective of software architecture. Considering files involved in each dependency type as an individual design space, we model such a design space using one DRSpace. We derived 3 DRSpaces for each of the 117 Apache open source projects, with 643,079 revision commits and 101,364 bug reports in total, and calculated their interactions with defective files. The experiment results are surprising: the three dependency types present significantly different architectural views, and their interactions with defective files are also drastically different. Intuitively, they play completely different roles when used for defect prediction/localization. The good news is that the combination of these structures has the potential to improve the accuracy of defect prediction/localization. In summary, our work provides a new perspective regarding to which type(s) of relations should be used for the task of defect prediction/localization. These quantitative and qualitative results also advance our knowledge of the relationship between software quality and architectural views formed using different dependency types.


Based on the questionnaire on present financing situation of small and mediumsized enterprises in Huaiyin District of Jinan City, this article describes the nature of the ownership, industrial distribution and the scale of the enterprises of the 90 samples, analyzes the financing situation at present and in the future of the samples. The article concludes that the ownership, the industrial distribution, the scale of the enterprises and the financial structure has important influence on the financing strategy selection.


As operating facilities implement multimedia pollution prevention programs, technical issues arise. Removal of a pollutant from any single phase or medium will transfer that pollutant to another phase. The challenge is to find technologies that reduce or remove pollutants without shifting them from one waste stream to another. Destruction of pollutants is one way to avoid cross-media transfer of pollutants. The following methods decontaminate solid liquid and vapor phases, resulting in the ultimate destruction of contaminants. Soils or industrial solids can be decontaminated using a number of technologies, including extraction and washing. For areas contaminated with low levels of organics, such as leaking underground storage tank sites, soil vapor extraction (SVE) and groundwater extraction (GWE) can be effective. In situ bioremediation involves the action of microorganisms on organic contaminants. Typically, microorganisms that can metabolize the contaminants are introduced into the soil. Recent regulations governing treatment of industrial wastewater have targeted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can evaporate from a treatment system. In addition, recent EPA regulations mandate treatment of vent streams.


A comparative analysis of the modular stellarator and the torsatron concepts is made based upon a steady-state ignited, DT-fueled, reactor embodiment of each concept for use as a central electric-power station. Parametric tradeoff calculations lead to the selection of four design points for an approx. 4-GWt plant based upon Alcator transport scaling in l = 2 systems of moderate aspect ratio. The four design points represent high-aspect ratio. The four design points represent high-(0.08) and low-(0.04) beta versions of the modular stellarator and torsatron concepts. The physics basis of each design point is described together with supporting engineering and economic analyses. The primary intent of this study is the elucidation of key physics and engineering tradeoffs, constraints, and uncertainties with respect to the ultimate power reactor embodiment.


Value co-creation is a modern approach to innovation, in which all stakeholders can play roles in organizational processes; this concept can be studied and implemented in various aspects of management science such as marketing, strategic management, innovation management, etc. This study explores the process of value co-creation in new product design in IT concept. The research method is quantitative; the statistical populations are academic experts and senior managers of the interactive software developers (product) companies. Sampling was continued until theoretical saturation. Interviews data were analyzed by open coding. Findings showed that the process of value co-creation in the organization is a reciprocal process and consists of four stages of thinking, planning, designing, testing and evaluation with the customer, which requires, at each stage, review of the prior steps. The innovation of the article is the presentation of a process and reciprocating model for value co-creation in product design and its components that are introduced at the end.


Public deliberation is an approach policy-makers can use to tackle public policy problems that require the consideration of both values and evidence. However, there is much uncertainty about why and when to choose it rather than more familiar approaches, such as public opinion polls or expert panels. With guidance on the why and when of public deliberation, policy-makers can use it appropriately to inform public policy.


Education plays an important role in human life. It enables an individual to adjust himself to the society /environment. According to some economists it is a process, which makes man economically more creative so that he plays an important role in society as a creative member. For the development of personality education is more important. In this paper, trying to find the level of satisfaction about the educational loan and procedure among students who have obtained the educational loan. Also find the procedure for the sanctioning an educational loan, to identify the factors influencing the level of satisfaction and to suggest an appropriate measure for improving the level of satisfaction among the students.


The invention provides a water treatment method through the combination of catalytic oxidation and an aeration biological filter. The method at least comprises the following three processes: A, pouring waste water to be treated into a reaction tank, first adding a flocculating agent and an inorganic acid to ensure that the pH of the waste water is between 2 and 6, then adding a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide into the waste water to perform catalytic oxidation reaction; B, adding alkaline substances into the effluent of the step A to ensure that the pH value of the effluent is between 6.5 and 8.5, then settling the effluent in a settling pond for solid-liquid separation; and C, leading the effluent of the step B to enter a biological aerated filter for biochemical treatment. The method reduces the addition amount of the catalyst, improves the treatment effect of catalytic oxidation process while effectively improving the biodegradability of organisms in the water, reduces the generation of catalyst sludge, reduces the content of suspended matters entering a biochemical treatment device of the biological aerated filter, and ensures the standard discharge of the treated effluent.


In this note we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for that symmetric polynomial degree m let an polynomial identity for the algebras M n ( E ) and M a,b ( E ) when char K = p > 2.


Consider a pyramid made out of unit cubes arranged in square horizontal layers, with a ledge of one cube's length around the perimeter of each layer. For any natural number $k$, we can count the number of ways of choosing $k$ unit cubes from the pyramid such that no two cubes are in the same horizontal layer; we can also count the number of ways of choosing $k$ unit cubes from the pyramid such that no two cubes come from the same vertical slice (taken parallel to a fixed edge of the pyramid) {\it or} from two adjacent slices. Djakov and Mityagin first established, using functional analysis, that these two quantities are always equal (the enumerative interpretation given here is due to Thomas Kalinowski). Don Zagier supplied the first combinatorial proof of this result. We provide a new, more natural combinatorial proof.


Absorption spectra have been obtained of gaseous NdBr3 and NdI3 in the range 4000–25 000 cm−1 between 1000° and 1200°C. Spectra of solid and liquid NdI3 near the melting point have also been measured.The most prominent feature of the gaseous spectra is a complex band located between 16 000–17 000 cm−1 with oscillator strengths of 3.3×10−4 and 5.3×10−4 for NdBr3 and NdI3, respectively. The band is assigned to the hypersensitive transition 4I9/2—4G5/2.The oscillator strength of this transition in the vapor molecules is 10–50 times greater than in the solution systems studied by Carnall, Fields, and Wybourne. Various intensity mechanisms are discussed and it is concluded that the vibronic mechanism gives order‐of‐magnitude agreement with results. Judd's proposal that the parameter T2 is particularly sensitive to environment is borne out by the results on the vapor spectra.


H. Katamoto, DVM, PhD, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, T. Fujita, PhD, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan S. Nishiguchi, DVM, K. Harada, DVM, I. Ueyama, DVM, Toban Nucleus Veterinary Clinical Center, Hyogo PFAMAA, Ono, Hyogo 675-1300, Japan 0. Watanabe, DVM, Himeji Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0081, Japan TOXICOSIS due to the ingestion of cruciferous plants has been reported in cattle (Mason and Lucas 1983, Smith and Crowe 1987, Kernaleguen and others 1989, Semalulu and Rousseaux 1989). These plants contain glucosinolates which are hydrolysed by the accompanying thioglucosidase to isothiocyanates, nitriles or thiocyanates (van Etten and Tookey 1978). Isothiocyanates are irritants to animal tissue and, if eaten to excess, can be fatal. Affected animals show signs of severe gastroenteritis including severe pain, salivation, diarrhoea and irritation of the mouth and upper digestive tract (Kingsbury 1964). Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea) contains allyl glucosinolates, the source of allyl isothiocyanate, and therefore may be considered to be potentially toxic. Ingestion of seeds from this plant has been found to result in the death of cattle (Kernaleguen and others 1989, Semalulu and Rousseaux 1989), but farmers do not normally consider the plant to be toxic to animals. This short communication describes intoxication in cattle after they had eaten the stems and leaves of Oriental mustard. The outbreak occurred on a small farm raising six Japanese Black breeding cows and their two calves. The cattle were tethered in separate individual stalls. In late January 1996, the animals were fed individually in their stalls with the stems and leaves of Brassica species which grew by a river. The following day, three pregnant cows showed depression and anorexia. Two days following the ingestion, the owner sought veterinary examination. Cow 1 was seven years old and eight months pregnant. It was severely depressed and unable to stand. Its rectal temperature was 36-50C and its pulse rate was 120 beats per minute. The cow had no appetite and examination revealed, nystagmus, absence of urination, solid faeces, a reduced skin temperature and cyanosis in the pudendal mucous membrane. Mydriasis, myosis and salivation were not observed. The following morning the cow died, despite symptomatic treatment. Cow 2, which was five years old and seven months pregnant, showed similar clinical signs, but was able to change its recumbent sides without nystagmus. The following day, this cow had rectal temperature of 35-0°C and a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute. It was unresponsive to treatment and died that evening. Cow 3, which was two years old and four months pregnant, showed mild depression and slight muscular tremor. This cow had a rectal temperature of 38-5°C and a pulse rate of 100 beats per minute. It was less affected than the other two animals, and its vigour and appetite had recovered the following day. The remaining cows and calves were clinically normal. There was a tendency for the cows to show more severe clinical signs in late pregnancy rather than early pregnancy. Cow 1 and cow 2 had shared a single water bowl and had had a restricted water supplyduring the night because of a problem with the water trough. On the basis of the progress of clinical signs, poisoning by toxic plants was suspected, and the animals were referred to the Himeji Livestock Hygiene Service Center. Blood samples were collected from both cow 1 and cow 2 the day before they died, and from cow 2 on the day it died. Blood samples were collected from cow 3 on the day the other two cows died, and also five days later, when it had recovered. Blood samples were collected from the three cows with no clinical signs (cows 4 to 6), the day when cows 1 and 2 died. The haematocrit values were extremely high in the three affected cows and serum glucose levels were high in cow 1 and cow 3 (Table 1). Serum total bilirubin levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were increased in the three affected animals, and serum triglyceride levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were also elevated in cow 1 and cow 2. All three affected cows showed increased urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, with lower calcium and higher phosphorus levels compared with the unaffected animals. High haematocrit values indicated severe dehydration in all the affected cows, and the higher values in cows 1 and 2 might possibly have been due, in part, to the water deprivation. The elevated serum glucose levels in cow 1 and cow 3 might have been due to increased blood catecholamine levels from acute severe colic. Increased total bilirubin, ALP and AST levels provided further evidence of hepatic damage. The CK and AST activities might have been increased because of myopathy due to recumbency. The elevation in urea nitrogen and creatinine accompanied with low calcium and high phosphorus levels suggested possible renal failure. In cow 3 the values returned to normal after the clinical signs disappeared. At postmortem examination, cows 1 and 2 had similar gross lesions. There were severe petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages on the mucosa of the abomasum. There was also severe mucosal haemorrhage in the small and large intestines, and the intestines contained a large quantity of dark red fluid. Lesions of haemorrhage, necrosis and softening were present in the liver and renal cortex. Enlargement and serosal haemorrhage were seen in the spleen and there was a severe haemorrhage on the endocardium of the heart. Abundant chewed, yellow stems of Brassica species were detected in the rumen. Histopathological examination revealed a loss of surface epithelium and haemorrhage, and round nuclear cell infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa in the abomasum. There was a severe haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of the villi, round nuclear cell infiltration of the lamina propria and destruction of the germinal centres of lymphatic follicles in the small intestine. Lesions of severe haemorrhage around branches of the portal vein were surrounded by round nuclear cell infiltration, and massive coagulative necrosis was observed in the liver. Vacuolation of perilobular hepatocytes was also observed in less affected areas. Degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium and glomeruli, and the absence of nuclei were detected in the renal cortex. Bacterial culture revealed no infectious agents from the internal organs. On the basis of the known ingestion of the plant and the finding of the plant's characteristic stems in the rumen contents, intoxication due to the ingestion of Brassica species was suspected. The plant was later identified as Bjuncea (L) Czern et Coss. The amount of nitrate or nitrite in the plant was low (200 ppm) and cyanide was not detected. After incubation of freshly crushed plants, allyl isothiocyanate was extracted using methylene chloride and the contents were determined using gas-liquid chromatography as described by Youngs and Wetter (1967). The concentration of allyl isothiocyanate liberated from the plants was 721 0 mg/kg (range 530-1 to 916-4 mg/kg) on a fresh weight basis. The characteristic lesions, including severe haemorrhages on the mucosa of the alimentary tract and on the endocardium of the heart, were consistent with those described


Lenses are designed to fulfill Fermats principle such that all light interferes constructively in its focus, guaranteeing its maximum concentration. It can be shown that imaging via an unmodified full pupil yields the maximum transfer strength for all spatial frequencies transferable by the system. Seemingly also the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is optimal. The achievable SNR at a given photon budget is critical especially if that budget is strictly limited as in the case of fluorescence microscopy. In this work we propose a general method which achieves a better SNR for high spatial frequency information of an optical imaging system, without the need to capture more photons. This is achieved by splitting the pupil of an incoherent imaging system such that two (or more) sub-images are simultaneously acquired and computationally recombined. We compare the theoretical performance of split pupil imaging to the non-split scenario and implement the splitting using a tilted elliptical mirror placed at the back-focal-plane (BFP) of a fluorescence widefield microscope.


Incidence of tobacco streak virus (TSV) in an Australian tobacco crop at flowering was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be 58−59% in outside rows near weeds infected with TSV, decreasing to 10−18% in the 12th row inside the crop. The most prevalent dicotyledonous weed, Ageratum houstonianum, had a 50% incidence of infection and its flower heads were commonly infested with Microcephalotrips abdominalis. In transmission tests with either five or 10 adult thrips and pollen taken from the nearby A. houstonianum, TSV infection occurred in 32 of 45 tobacco, 11 of 12 cucumber, two of 12 Nicotiana clevelandii, and 18 of 22 Chenopodium amaranticolor test seedlings (.)


Several improvements have been made in the design of bituminous pavements, mainly as a result of extensive testing carried out with the heavy vehicle simulator (hvs), on pavements throughout South Africa. The objective of this paper is to present a summary of the latest method of design together with the economic consequences of the improvements. In bitumen-base pavements under very heavy traffic conditions and high road temperature conditions, the need exists for a better compromise between the opposing requirements of fatigue and deformation. To meet this need the bituminous mixture is made stiffer to minimize deformation within the asphalt, while fatigue is minimized by providing stiff support layers under the bituminous base in the form of weakly-cemented layers. This allows the design of more economical bitumen-base pavements for heavy traffic situations. The economic advantages to be gained from the implementation of stage construction concepts for asphalt pavements is also shown to be considerable. The decision to implement stage construction techniques is, however, complicated by the fact that it is present policy to monitor the road system and to rehabilitate when a certain level of distress has been reached. This policy will not allow the strategy of stage construction to reach its full potential.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 815702.


The profile control oil displacement agent with long gelation time for the formation far from wellbore is obtained through formulation of HPAM based polymer compound and 103 resin crosslinking agent. The gelling time is qualitatively determined by the classification of gel strength, and the gel strength is quantitatively measured by breakthrough vacuum method. The gelation time and gel strength under the conditions different polymers, cross linking agents, salinites and temperatures are evaluated, and the contour diagrams of gelation time and gel strength are gained. It is showed that gelation time is adjustable from 1 to 30 days, and the strength (i.e. p BV values) is adjustable from -0.060 to -0 030 MPa. From the contour diagrams, the formulations of the profile control oil displacement agents with definite gelation time and gel strength suitable to specific formation conditions can be determined.


Objective: To discuss the clinical characteristics,diagnosis as well as treatment of ovarian pregnancy.Methods:The 24 cases of ovarian pregnancy was retrospectively analyzed.Results:The incidence of ovarian pregnancy was 2.74%,41.7% patients had history of artificial abortion,58.3% patients used intrauterine device(IUD).All 24 patients received operation.Conclusion: The occurrence of ovarian pregnancy is related to use of IUD and operation history in uterine cavity.Operation is the first choice of ovarian pregnancy.


Fifty three patients of abdominal operations were divided into 2 groups. In experimental group, there were 27 patients treated with epidurl 2% lidocaine 20 ml with ritaline 20 mg ; in control group, there were 26 patients using 2% lidocaine 20ml alone. Afterinjection of 2% lidocaine with ritalin in experimental group the analgesic effect started at134±135 sec, it was sighficant earlier than that in the contrl group (390±195 sec) (P0.01). The time of complete analgesia between the two groups (519±238 sec . and 807±236 sec) were no significanly different (P0.05). The duration of analgesic effect in theexperimental group was significanly longer (376±842 sec) than that in the control group(2415 ± 380 sec) (P0. 05). These results suggested that ritaline can augment the analgesic effect of epidural lidocaine and prolong the duration of the analgesic effect.


We first motivate a general submesh sweeping technique that avoids the complications associated with sweeping on meshes with reentrant cells. The scattering sources are constructed on a primary mesh, but sweeps are performed on a submesh that underlies the primary mesh. A critical aspect of this approach is the projection of the submesh sweep solution onto the primary mesh for purposes of calculating the scattering sources. We define this projection for standard discontinuous finite-element (DFEM) methods and lumped DFEM methods, and discuss our reasons for making this definition. We give computational results for linear-discontinuous and lumped linear-discontinuous discretizations on a 1-D primary mesh and submesh that demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in terms of accuracy and preservation of the thick diffusion limit for a simple but highly relevant case.


The mathematical model of volcanic treatment by means of conductive heat transfer from the well surrounding rocks has been suggested. We have shown that one of the ways of producing geothermal energy is to heat liquid in the double-tube monobore well. Water is pumped to the annulus between pump-compressor pipe (PCP) and casing pipe. Flowing down to the bottom hole, the liquid is heated up from a casing wall through convective and conductive thermal conductivity which adjoins surrounding rocks. The caloric goes to surrounding rocks from the earth crust interior. The heat flow is at an average equal to 50 MW/sq.m, it can differ depending on the region. The heated to the bottomhole water is lifted back to a surface through the PCP. To minimize heat wastes when lifting, PSP should be made of heat-insulating material. We suggest a multifaceted approach, combining the disposal of low-temperature geothermal energy which contained in the extracted product by means of thermopiles with utilization of the hydrokinetic energy, flood water through the system of formation-pressure maintenance by means of the hydroelectric turbine.


Thanks to their carbon uptake potential, which produces a negative radiative forcing, forests are considered a major natural mitigation strategy for global warming. Because of their relatively low albedo, however, previous assessments have shown that the effectiveness of afforestation rapidly decreases with latitude. Here, we revisit the problem by taking land-atmosphere feedbacks into account and especially the impact of vegetation on the timing of cloud formation and the probability of convective precipitation. Using a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum model coupled to a mixed layer model of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), we explore variations in the local surface energy balance and diurnal evolution as a function of biomes and latitude. We show that the increased evapotranspiration from forests causes an anticipation in the crossing between the ABL and the lifting condensation level a phenomenon that can lead to earlier cloud formation. This provides an extra cooling effect, which counterbalances the positive forcing of land-surface albedo. As a result, the negative effects of albedo changes appear less limiting, making afforestation a more viable strategy in a wider range of latitudes.


: A numerical study has been conducted to clarify fluid flow characteristics, pressure distributions, and skin friction coefficient over a wing-shaped tubes bundle in staggered arrangement with the placement of longitudinal fins (LF) at downstream position of the tube. The air-side Rea were at 1.8 x 103 to 9.7 x 103. The tubes bundle were employed with various fin height [hf] and fin thickness (δ) from (2 mm ≤ hf ≤ 12 mm) and (1.5 mm ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mm) respectively at the considered Rea range. The flow pattern around the staggered wing-shaped tubes bundle was predicted using the commercial CFD FLUENT 6.3.26 software package. The distribution of average skin friction coefficient around wing-shaped tubes bundle is studied. Correlation of pressure drop coefficient Pdc and skin friction coefficient (Cf) in terms of Rea, design parameters for the studied cases were presented. Results indicated that the values of Pdc for hf = 6 mm are lower than these of NOF and hf = 2 mm by about 11 % and 13 % respectively for considered Rea range. Cf decreases as Rea increases. LFTH with hf = 6 mm offers lower form drag than that with hf = 12 mm and that of NOF. The lowest values of the pumping power are achieved for arrangements of hf = 6 mm for the considered Rea range. δ has negligible effect on skin friction coefficient, while has a slightly variation in ∆Pa. The wing-shaped tubes bundle heat exchanger with hf = 6 mm has the lowest values of ∆Pa, Pdc, Cf, and pumping power and hence the best performance comparing with the other bundles. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results of the present study and those obtained by similar previous studies showed good agreements.


Arid-land streams are dynamic environments that experience drama<c floods and epic droughts. Despite these challenges, many arid-land streams support highly diverse aqua<c communi<es. However, these species must have life histories or behaviors that allow them to resist or bounce back from these harsh disturbance events. In my research, I focus on how drought, dispersal, and local habitat factors shape biodiversity in aridland streams. My overarching goal is to understand these dynamic ecological processes so that we can conserve the rich biological heritage of our region.


This paper technique provides security of medical image, imperceptibility, and robustness watermarking technique. The watermarking technique used in this paper applies a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are applied to the two images as one cover medical image and original watermark image before the embedding process. DCT is applied to a cover medical image and original watermark image into four sub-bands (LL1, LH1, HL1, HH1), and apply Coefficients of the LL1 sub-band for embedding and extracting watermarking. Two images are tested for imperceptibility and robustness within experimental results, with better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and high normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) metrics. PSNR of 45.76dB and NCC values of 0.9994 without any attacks, and using factors (α) values on 0.001 verifies the proposed method's the imperceptibility and robustness, also a comparison graph.


With reference to a self-anchored concrete suspension bridge,the distribution char- acteristics and varying laws of concrete stress at anchorage zone of the bridge are analyzed.In ac- cordance with the calculation results,the reasonable construction scheme for the main girder of the bridge is determined and consequently the occurrence of excessive tensile stress in the concrete main girder is avoided.The calculation results and design considerations presented in the paper are of certain reference to the similar bridge works.


Abstract Modern numerical methods have made it possible calculate, with remarkably satisfactory results, the spectra nuclei up to A = 10 on the basis of realistic phenomenological models for the nucleon-nucleon interaction, which have been fitted to nucleon-nucleon scattering data and with inclusion of a weak three-nucleon interaction [1]. Employment of the corresponding wavefunctions to calculate the electromagnetic and weak observables and transition strengths of these nuclei calls for correspondingly realistic models for the electromagnetic and axial current density operators, which are consistent with the interaction Hamiltonian.


Risky decisions lead to cognitive-emotional stress because they depend on personal advantages and disadvantages. Assuming that incentive motivation, which is presumably determined by self-interest, and risk tolerance influence risky decisions, we expect that individuals would react differently. The Reinforcement-Sensitivity-Theory (RST) including the Behavioral-Approach-System (BAS) and the Behavioral-Inhibition-System (BIS) seemed to be the most suitable personality theory for this research. Three online surveys with 173, 232 and 299 participants (PN) were conducted in order to identify direct effects from the independent constructs as well as indirect effects by mediators such as current self-control power and self-assessment in view of managing risks. The hypothesis was tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on data from the last two studies, and it was confirmed in both studies. More specific, the latent factors incentive motivation (or BAS) and risk tolerance (or BIS), including their predictors, indicated direct influences on risky decisions. Besides, impulsivity as a personality sub-factor should no longer belong to the BAS, but instead to the BIS as BIS (-). Furthermore, incentive motivation and risk tolerance showed reliable interactive effects only as latent factors. Mediator variables between self-interest and risky decision making showed indirect effects, too, e.g. loss of self-control power or disregarding the self-concept. Finally, the RST gets new impulses from this research model by the new latent factor risk-assessment in the SEM, which is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities from the BIS and the BAS.


After a bygone decade of transformation, there is a decade of monetary and fiscal European integration waiting for Slovakia. Participation in the EMU (the Eurozone) will be the final step on the way of integration to the EU. The aim of this contribution is to give a view on the process of monetary integration of the SR to the Eurozone, to evaluate a fulfilment of the Maastricht criteria, to point out on changes in the monetary policy of the National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) and within the theory of optimal currency area to describe positives and negatives of a membership in the EMU and potential time-schedule for entering the Eurozone. (Maastricht convergence criteria. Maastricht criteria and the SR. Nominal convergence of the Slovak economy to EU-15 or EMU. Changes in the monetary policy of the National Bank of Slovakia. Benefits and costs of the monetary integration of the SR. The Theory of Optimal Currency Area and the EMU. To the question of the right time for the entry to the EMU.)


Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is frequently employed to nondestructively evaluate coating systems. However, there are several challenges associated with this approach. One of these challenges is associated with isolating the physical processes that are contributing to the measured impedance. We attempted to address this concern by measuring several of the coating system components before starting the exposures and attempted in-situ measurements of some properties during the course of the exposures.
 In this work, we analyze impedance data obtained from a two-layer coating system that was applied to AA 2024 substrates that were subjected to either immersion and simulated outdoor exposure conditions. The impedance data from the full coating system is compared with data obtained from coating systems in which gold electrodes were inserted between the layers of the coating system that could be used to monitor changes in each coating layer. Several equivalent circuit models were evaluated before settling on a modified coatings equivalent model. Using this approach, we were able to estimate several coating system parameters, including electrolyte penetration depth as a function of temperature, and solution concentration from the values obtained from the equivalent circuit model.

 Acknowledgments

 The Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) sponsored this project under work unit 5399. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Office of Naval Research, the U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government.


Severe pitting has occurred in the NiCrFe Alloy 600 steam generator tubes in several pressurized water reactors. Neither results of destructive examinations of tubes removed from the affected units nor existing literature data were sufficient to identify either causes or cures of the pitting phenomena. The laboratory test program described in this report was directed toward defining the conditions under which pits initiate and propagate, and identifying and testing the effectiveness of possible corrective actions. The test program included the fabrication and testing of two pot boiler test units. The internals of each unit consisted of four NiCrFe Alloy 600 tubes with concentrating devices attached to provide steam blanketed areas where contaminants could concentrate. The two tests operated with a variety of faulted secondary water environments. The results of the test program showed that an aerated seawater/CuCl2 fault environment with heat transfer and areas of concentration will produce pits with all the characteristics of the pits observed in field units. Cu is a major accelerant for the pitting process; however, pitting will eventually occur in oxygenated seawater faulted environments which contain no Cu or Cu compounds. Dissolved oxygen is required for the initiation of pitting. Once pitting has initiated, removalmore » of oxygen will eliminate further initiation and over a period of time will halt propagation. Removal of sludge piles and thick tube deposits, which provide areas for concentration of contaminants, will result in elimination of pit initiation and may reduce propagation rates in existing pits. Boric acid additions, at the level tested, are not effective in preventing pit initiation. A high pH morpholine environment, even in the presence of aerated seawater/CuCl2, may be an effective inhibitor for initiation.« less


6559Background: Increasing tobacco costs have been proven to be one of the most effective interventions of decreasing tobacco use. The relationship between tobacco cost and lung cancer mortality ha...


Abstract The frictional vibration generated in water-lubricated rubber bearings operating under low speed, heavy load, startup and shutdown conditions can severely degrade the reliability and the sheltered performance of underwater vehicles. The rubber layer of the ship stern tube water-lubricated rubber bearings is easily elastically deformed under certain loads, which affects the damping performance of the bearing system. To explore the effects of thickness, hardness, and concavo-convexity on the damping property of water-lubricated rubber stern bearings, frictional force, vibration, noise, and displacement and deformation of the contact area were studied using a test rig with a transparent glass cylinder. An orthogonal L9(3)4 test design was applied accordingly to determine the optimum construction and material parameters of the rubber layer. Orthogonal test results indicate that among rubber layer hardness, thickness, and test block concavo-convexity, the former is most significant in terms of the frictional vibration, followed by the thickness and, finally, the radius of the surface. When the hardness is 65 A, the thickness is 12 mm, and the plate type is concave, the frictional vibration performance of the rubber layer is optimal. More important, based on the static deformation and the dynamic displacement of the rubber, the causes of the frictional vibration and the influence of different materials and structural parameters on frictional vibration were visually analyzed. The overall trends and the mechanism discussed in this research may be considered as a guideline for the design, optimization, and manufacture of water-lubricated bearings.


Abstract : The sound attenuation of the HGU-56/P Aircrew Integrated Helmet System (AIHS) and the HGU-84/P Rotary-Wing Helmet System (RWHS) configured with Oregon Aero(Trademark) replacement earcup products was evaluated in accordance with the American National Standard Methods for Measuring the Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors [ANSI S12.6-1997 (R2002)], Method A: Experimenter-supervised fit. Sound attenuation of both the HGU-56/P AIHS and HGU-84/P RWHS configured with the Oregon Aero HushKit(Trademark) replacement earcup foam or SoftSeal(Trademark) replacement earcup seal was essentially equivalent to the helmet's standard configurations. However, the Oregon Aero(Trademark) SoftSeal/HushKit Combo(Trademark), soft replacement earcups provided significantly poorer sound attenuation than the standard configuration. As with the Army's current flight helmet/earcup combination, double protection (i.e., earplugs in addition to the sound-protective flight helmet) is required in certain high noise environments.


Recently, we observed that Ba2SmNbO6 (BSNO), which has a double perovskite structure, forms wide nanorods in a SmBa2Cu3Oy (SmBCO) film when compared with BaHfO3 (BHO) nanorods. These wide nanorods can trap flux quanta effectively in low magnetic fields; on the other hand, narrow nanorods can trap flux quanta in high magnetic fields. In this paper, we doped SmBCO films with BSNO and BHO with the aim of introducing both wide and narrow nanorods and bringing out the flux pinning properties in low and high magnetic fields simultaneously. We investigated their microstructures and superconducting properties, and as a result, we confirmed that wide and narrow nanorods could coexist in the SmBCO films. The wide and narrow nanorods trapped the flux quanta in different magnetic fields. We also explored the optimal composition for BSNO + BHO co-doped SmBCO films. These findings indicate that flux pinning properties can be tuned by the multiple doping of BMO materials.


The theory of game has a strong explaining power on why a special international regime is created. According to it, it is the different type of game that decides the concrete international regime. In Asian - Pacific economic cooperation, the game between the developed countries and the developing countries is a kind of non - cooperative game, this determines the special characteristics of APEC approach.


Abstract The taphonomy of cremation has a great impact on the variety of bioarchaeological information that can be retrieved in the analysis of cremated bone. Aspects of the incineration process such as shrinkage, warpage and fragmentation obscure pathological evidence. Poor gleaning practices and mode of interment also limit data recovery. Despite these factors, a comparative analysis of pathology exhibited in inhumations and cremation deposits shows that certain classes of pathology can be reliably recovered from cremation deposits. These include pathology related to degenerative disease and also the lesions of porotic hyperostosis. However, evidence of dental disease and lesions of cribra orbitalia are largely destroyed by the cremation process. The results of the analysis show that pathology data can be retrieved from cremations. However, a review of cremation practice in the Southwest shows that alternate forms of cremation can affect the recovery of pathological data. From this comparison, one can predict whether or not cremation practices in any given study area will limit or enhance the retrieval of pathological data.


In this paper various controllers such as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) based on Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO), Proportional Integral (PI), Fuzzy PI and Fuzzy PID are analyzed and designed for Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). The focal motive is to regulate the terminal voltage and reactive power to avoid instability of the generating station in an effective manner. Furthermore, stability analysis based on performance measures i.e. Integral Squared Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) and time domain analysis based on root locus are also performed. Besides in comparison, the various simulation results validate robustness and effectiveness of Fuzzy PID for control of AVR.


Objectives: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is the most widely used procedure in the treatment of hydrocephalus. However, this procedure has been associated with several delayed unusual complications. This paper will discuss these cases, their management and suggest ways on how to avoid these complications. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the neurosurgery unit at King Hussein Medical Centre, and included the patients between January 1996 - July 2007. The patients' images and management were reviewed. Results: Sixteen patients were included in the study (10 males and 6 females). Their age was between three months and 40 years. One case had rectal perforation by ventriculoperitoneal shunt, seven cases had intraventricular migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt, one case had umbilical perforation, one case had chest wall perforation by ventriculoperitoneal shunt, one case had liver perforation, four cases had overdrainage with subdural hematoma, one case had bladder perforation and one case had colon perforation by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt resulting in pneumocephalus. The management of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications is discussed in details in this study. Conclusions: The information provided within this study provides an analysis of our cases and the literature as it relates to the unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt through symptomatic presentation, diagnosis and management of these cases.


Bankruptcy of Anron Company caused the thought on audit independence in the field of CPA. The concept of audit in dependence has developed. According to the needs of the market and the developing of CPA trade, CPA business should extend the business field. Because of the interest contradiction between the management advisory and audit business, CPA should go on corresponding coordination to urge the development of CPA trade healthily and smoothly.


Through analyzing and summarizing achievements and experiences in developing green ecology tobacco in Pu'er,the development direction in the future was explored.


This paper focuses on the RIME system aimed to the indexing of medical reports in a multimedia environment. This particular application is viewed as representative of a large set of still unanswered needs of large communities of users: domain experts dealing with on-line specialized documentation such as software engineers, medical specialists and so on. In this application textual information appears as an interesting media to access related pictures in the data base. After the presentation of the application and a study of the particular corpus involved we define a semantic model for the documents which is based on a Conceptual Language. Then we detail the indexing process and its various linguistic components which perform the translation of every medical report according to this semantic model.


This Study aims at rock Slopes Stability for formation in limb northـeastern poor anticline (Fatha, Injana and Mukdadyah). In (5) Stations, representing all types of failures (taken place and possible). General Survey for rock Slopes included Classification and engineering description according to [1][2]. The slopes in the area are Classified based on the direction of the Strike Slopes and Strike of  beds into Parallel and Oblique Lateral Slopes according to [3] Classification and the Slope Types are Concordant Slope and discordant Slope.
The main modes of Failures involved rock Fall and Toppling. The Plane Sliding possible with existence conditions must occurrence of Failure. In addition to rolling and Slumping Which Some times Follows the above mentioned Modes of Failures. The main reasons for Failures occurring are differential Weathering Which Cause to over hanging Slopes by under Cutting in addition to the discontinuities in rocks Masses.


The invention discloses application of a mixed bacterial solution of photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus subtilis in cultivating turbots. When in use, the mixed bacterial solution of the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis is splashed into water to ensure that the final concentration of the mixed bacterial solution of the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis in the water is 10-107cfu/mL, or a feed is soaked by the mixed bacterial solution of the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis with the concentration of 10-107cfu/mL for 15-45min. The microbial agent is applied to the cultivating process of the turbots and can effectively improve the aquatic product cultivating environment, increase the survival rate and the immunity of the turbots in the cultivating process, promote the growth and improve the water quality.


Stroke in young is on rise in every corner of the world and is presently a very serious concern. So,
a modifiable etiology of stroke if found, needs to be addressed seriously. Hyperhomocysteinemia is
a prominent risk factor for vascular event in young population. It is known to play an important role
in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Perhaps, it also has a significant
role in arterial dissection, a prominent stroke etiology in young population. It is proposed that
hyperhomocysteinemia and genetic polymorphism probably interact with environmental factors leading
to sequence of pathogenetic events resulting in arterial wall dissection. The prevalence of vegetarian diet,
genetic predisposition and diet pattern subject Indians to increased chance of hyperhomocysteinemia and
vascular insult. Here, we present a very rare case of isolated spontaneous vertebral arterial dissection in
a young gentleman who had no vascular risk factor except very high serum homocysteine level. Perhaps,
this case highlights serious consideration for addressing this modifiable vascular risk factor as a possible
association with arterial dissection to avoid catastrophic events, especially in this part of the world.

Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinemia, Stroke, Arterial dissection.


Standard Shewhart process control chart has been widely used, but it is not sensitive in detecting small shift. A number of alternatives have been proposed to improve the capability of control chart. The double sampling (DS) control chart is aimed at improving the capability to detect any small shift out-of control condition by observing the second sample without interruption. The capabilities of DS control chart were measured as the expected sample size (as a measure of inspection cost) or the control chart power (as a measure for customer risk). Optimization of these criteria is used to determine the control limits. In this paper, we optimize both producer and customer risks under a certain expected number of sample sizes as the constraint. Comparing the result to the previous procedure that only optimize customer risk, the proposed optimization procedure gives the same first control limit but smaller second control limits with higher value of control chart power.


Orthognathic surgery is mostly performed to correct developmental or acquired oral and maxillofacial skeletal deformities (OMSDs). During the past three decades, significant advances in surgical osteotomy techniques and instrumentation have been developed and carried out in orthognathic surgery. However, the basic surgical principles have more or less remained unchanged. At the same time, numerous surgical techniques have been developed and refined and used by surgeons in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. These techniques have treatment of the most complex dentofacial deformities with confidence. Additionally, it has been possible to predict the results of the treatment. Although the initial surgical techniques for correction of anterior mandibular open bite were reported as early as the late 1800s, widespread use of currently acceptable techniques began in the middle of the last century. Detailed surgical planning is essential for a successful outcome. The treatment involves an accurate treatment plan, correct type of instruments for a specific procedure, a thorough surgical routine, and adherence to the guidelines for each routine. Although similar orthognathic surgical techniques are used, there are multiple important differences related to each osteotomy. It is essential for the surgeon to understand these differen‐ ces in order to provide an effective and safe surgical care for the patient with facial anomalies. Choosing an optimal method of osteotomy depends on many factors, including the indication for treatment, the goal of therapy, patient profile, underlying medical conditions, and the magnitude of surgical movement. The major objective of this chapter is to provide practical guidelines and principles of osteotomies and commonly used techniques. These guidelines are based on a review of the current literature and the author's personal experience. The chapter focuses on the history of orthognathic surgery, anatomical considerations, indications for different osteoto‐ mies, and the surgical technique for each osteotomy. Techniques such as the Le Fort I, II, III osteotomies, segmental osteotomies of the maxilla, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), bilateral vertical osteotomy (BVO) genioplasty, segmental osteoto‐ my of the mandible, and the chin wing osteotomy are described. the intra oral incision towards the pterygoid plates. In cases with deficiency in the infraorbital area, the cut can be continued to the zygomatic buttress before going down towards the pterygoid plates. Downfracture of the midface can be done. The segment can be advanced after mobilization. Fixation can be done either by an acrylic splint or by fixation plates. In this approach, bone grafts should be used to restore the bone deficiencies. It is crucial to have skin coverage, and nasal lining must be provided. The nasolacrimal apparatus must not be damaged.


This paper verifies that a country's invention can directly promote its export trade,and its pulling effect is more visible than the total patents.It also indicates that the innovative activity in Japan plays a more significant role in enhancing its export than that in China,which shows that in the era of high technology,a country's sustainable ability of independent innovation is key to trade competitiveness and national competitiveness.China urgently needs to build a national innovation system,and makes great efforts to cultivate a knowledge-based national competitive advantage to improve its overall competitive strength.


The electricity consumption accounts for about 20% to 30% of total energy consumption in a petrochemical enterprise. The optimal power flow analysis can guide electricity workers to optimize the operation mode of the enterprise power network, reduce the power loss and improve the power, which can save the energy and costs of the enterprise maximized. It can also provide scientific basis for decision making to workers considering the economy of power supply grid during making network planning in order to develop a rational power network planning.


The development of an evidence-based aphasia clinic will be described. Individual
patient care paths are developed according to empirically supported, evidence-based
aphasia treatments (Class I, II, III evidence); a cognitive neuropsychological model; and
the World Health Organization International Classification of Health, Disability and
Function (ICF). Multi- layered assessments are obtained at the ICF impairment and
activity/participation levels throughout treatment (i.e., weekly treatment probes, monthly
discourse probes, and bi-annual aphasia and neuropsychological assessments). Bi-weekly
staffings address client progress. The successes and challenges of addressing treatment
effectiveness within a typical out-patient clinical setting will be discussed.


Internet is a very powerful tool for information sharing; it provides email, chat, and audio/video talk for communication. All these email are widely used for official and non official communication because it is freely available to users and it also provides file transfer up to some limit. Hence use of Email (Electronic mail) services increasing rapidly due to higher dependency of organizations and individuals. Whenever Emails are sent/received unnecessarily then it is known as spam mail (Unsolicited Bulk Email). Spam Email is major issue for internet community because it causes wastage of resources and also pollutes our environment. Hence spam filtering is essential task. There are many existing techniques and algorithms available which focuses on individual parameters of the malicious content. Many times effectiveness of filtering algorithm gets significantly decreased, whenever spammer attacks on limitations of individual filtering mechanism. In this paper we have introduced an approach which includes advantages of Support Vector Machine and Artificial Immune System. In this approach we are trying to combine various positive properties of these filtering techniques at different level by deploying them in a hybrid approach. We have also discussed shortcomings of traditional spam filtering techniques in comparison of our proposed work.


Governments of many developing countries often intervene in rural credit markets, hoping to induce technological adoption and to increase agricultural productivity. Lack of well coordinated institutional and organisational structure for agricultural credit administra tion has caused the good intentions for intervention to yield unintended negative results. A case study of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme in Nigeria examines the viabili ty, problems and measures that could enhance an efficient management of the scheme. One hundred and five small-scale farmers and four banks participating in the scheme were surveyed. The fundamental shortcoming of the scheme, vis-a-vis government regulations affecting it, is that its design and operation undermined the role of risk in credit decisionmaking. The scheme's lending focus on credit needs threatens its viability as evidenced by mounting delinquent debts. Suggestions for an efficient management of the scheme are offered with a view to promoting viability and growth. LE FINANCEMENT DE L'AGRICULTURE PAYSANNE: LE CAS DU PROJET DE GARANTIE DU CREDIT AGRICOLE DU NIGERIA


Abstract Methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate (MA), and ethyl acrylate (EA) have been graft copolymerized onto wool fiber in aqueous medium using the chromium acetylacetonate-tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (Cr(acac)3-TBHP) system as initiator. The percentage of grafting has been determined as a function of the concentrations of monomer, chelate, and TBHP, and the time and temperature under optimum conditions. MMA produced a maximum grafting of 119.8%, MA produced a maximum grafting of 56%, while EA afforded maximum grafting to the extent of 41.9%. Different vinyl monomers were found to follow the following reactivity order toward grafting onto wool fiber in the presence of the Cr(acac)3-TBHP system: MMA > MA > EA.


Chiral titanium–alkyne complexes derived from chlorotris[(–)-menthoxy]titanium/2 PriMgCl and alkynes react with aldehydes to afford optically active allylic alcohols in up to 38% ee.


esults: Overall mortality was 8.8%. Mortality significantly decreased from 21.4% efore 2002 to 4.3% after 2002 (3.2% for corrective operations, P .0001). The revalence of postoperative bloodstream infection remained the same, whereas urgical site infection and hospital stay significantly increased after 2002. Predictors f outcomes on multivariate analysis were as follows: (1) mortality—operation efore 2002 (odds ratio, 5.5), age less than 7 days (odds ratio, 3.8), preoperative ntibiotic use (odds ratio, 5.6), and postoperative exchange transfusion (odds ratio, 4.9); (2) postoperative bloodstream infection (21.2%)—use of cardiopulmonary ypass (odds ratio, 2.0), reintubation (odds ratio, 7.7), and surgical site infection odds ratio, 4.1); and (3) hospital stay of longer than 10 days (61.2%)—use of ardiopulmonary bypass (odds ratio, 2.8), delayed sternal closure (odds ratio, 3.6), eintubation (odds ratio, 12.1), surgical site infection (odds ratio, 13.8), and postperative antibiotic use (odds ratio, 4.4).


Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) are plants secondary-metabolism-molecules. Their emissions are modulated by environmental conditions. Among these compounds, isoprene has been particularly studied due to its intense emission fluxes as well as its major contribution to tropospheric photochemistry. However, the impacts of environmental constraints on isoprene emission are still not yet well known. In particular, water stress impact is still a contradictory issue. In a world facing multiple climatic changes, models expect this kind of stress to hit Mediterranean area.This work focused on the impact of water stress on Quercus pubescens Willd. isoprene emissions. This species, widely spread in this area, is the second isoprene emitter in Europe.Two types of study were used.First, during an experimental carried out in a nursery, Q. pubescens saplings were grown under a moderate and severe water stress from April to October. This experimentation highlighted an increase of isoprene emissions for mid-stressed trees, while no emission changes were observed for the highly stressed trees.Secondly, an experimentation was conducted on a pubescent oak forest with trees acclimated to long lasting stress periods. We followed, during a whole season, the impact, on isoprene emissions, of a water stress created by artificially reducing 30% of the rains by means of a specific deploying roof. Isoprene emission factors were observed to increase under water stress.The database thus obtained was used in an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop an appropriate isoprene emission algorithm. We underlined the predominant impact of soil water content on isoprene emissions.


As the international community becomes more globalized so do Islamic terror networks. The technological advancements of the 21 st century continue to aid Islamic terror networks in their ability to implement global communication strategies. Implementing worldwide communication strategies has brought the terrorists closer to achieving their desired end result, an Islamic caliphate. In order to impede any further advancement in their asymmetrical battle with the West, apostate Muslim regimes, Israel, and the counterterrorism community need to understand the threat before them. Through a thorough investigation of Islamic terrorist networks strategic communications approach alongside the use of network technologies it is the hope to better understand the capabilities of the 21 st jihadist. By understanding the capabilities of the 21 st century terrorist effective policy recommendations


In the Multisense project, several sensorial devices (haptics, speech, visualisation and tracking) are integrated within a virtual reality environment for planning total hip replacement (THR) surgery. In use, a fundamental requirement is the creation of a complete subject-specific model of the lower limb. For THR surgery, the available data is from computed tomography (CT) only. Although CT scans allow accurate extraction of bones and the skin surface, muscles appear as poorly contrasted structures. The challenge is, thus, to produce an intuitive modelling tool that will support interactive deformation of a generic atlas model into a patient-specific model. For this, we first generate synthetic scans along pre-defined slicing axes in patient space. Muscle outlines obtained by an initial mapping of generic atlas models are then superimposed on these slices. These outlines are deformed by simple geometric operations to match the underlying muscle shapes using a novel software tool, the Muscle Modelling Laboratory (MML). The paper presents a shape investigation of the muscles relevant to THR surgery and describes the MML module in operation.


We present an integrated solar battery based on an optoionic, bifunctional carbon nitride (K-PHI) photoanode, a polymeric hole transporter and a hole-storage organic cathode material for discharge on demand. The ladder-type internal charge transfer enables wireless light-only or light-assisted charging, while the device can also be operated as a normal battery. Simultaneous solar energy conversion and storage in a single device increases battery round-trip efficiency by 94%. We acknowledge V. Hiendl @ e-conversion for the cover art.


Methoxy polyethylene glycol and poly(D, L-lactide) (mPEG/PLA) copolymers with various composition were synthesized by using ring-opening polymerization method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). mPEG/PLA microspheres were prepared by double emulsion method. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as an anticancer drug, was successfully loaded in these microspheres. The obtained microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in-vitro release studies and subjected to optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the microspheres showed spherical shape, homogeneous particle size distribution and smooth surfaces. The percentage of loading and encapsulation efficiency of 5-FU decreased with increasing amount of mPEG in the microspheres and decreasing concentration of mPEG/PLA. 5-FU showed a typical bimodal in-vitro release behavior from mPEG/PLA microspheres and the release kinetics indicated Fickian diffusion. In-vitro cytotoxicity analysis on HT-29 cell lines demonstrated that 5-FU loaded mPEG/PLA microspheres possess the potential to delay the apoptosis for a long time.


Using Organizational, Coordination, and Contingency Theories to Examine Project Manager Insights on Agile and Traditional Success Factors for Information Technology


The solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignancy, relatively rare, representing between 0.9 and 2.7% of all pancreatic malignancies. It mainly affects young women (89% of cases), with a mean age at diagnosis of 28 years. Most have specific symptoms related to intra-abdominal mass and more than one third are usually discovered incidentally. We report two cases ( a 19-years-old woman diagnosed of a neoplasm in the tail and another 28 years old woman , with neoplasm in the head of the pancreas which could be classified as Frantz's tumor. We analyze the biological characteristics of these tumors, their forms of presentation and the recommended explorations for the diagnostic.


Novelist, critic, lecturer and reviewer David Lodge is one of Britain's most stimulating literary polymaths. This book contains a collection of his essays, written between 1965 and 1985, on subjects such as Salinger, D.H. Lawrence, Catholicism as well as his own attitudes to writing.


To shed light on the question of women and the Reformation in Italy, this essay examines women in various social classes - well-known noblewomen, previously unfamiliar figures from the middling and lower ranks - in the context of their relations with family members, neighbors, and priests. Among female defendants, witnesses, and accusers in trial records from the Venetian Republic and Modena the author finds many staunch proponents of philo-Protestant ideas, some troubled by the religious debate, and still others moved to denounce husbands, daughters-in-law, neighbors, and priests to the Inquisition. On occasion, women manipulated pervasive assumptions about their weakness and subordination to the men in their families, as well as their subaltern legal status, so as to disclaim responsibility for their religious ideas. Often, they broke free of prescriptions by speaking about religion and taking action on their own or in female groups, independent of or even against their families.


Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), 1755 LE, Petten, The Netherlands One important key element in the aerodynamic design of wind turbines is the use of specially tailored airfoils to increase the ratio of energy capture to the loading and thereby to reduce cost of energy. This work is focused on the design of wind turbine airfoil by using numerical optimization. Firstly, the requirements for this class of airfoils are illustrated and discussed in order to have an exhaustive outline of the complexity of the problem. Then, the optimization approach is presented; a gradient based algorithm is used, coupled with RFOIL solver and a composite Bezier geometrical parameterization. A particularly sensitive point is the choice and implementation of constraints; in order to formalize in the most complete and effective way the design requirements, the effects of activating specific constraints are discussed. Finally, a numerical example regarding the design of a high efficiency airfoil for the outer part of a blade is illustrated and the results are compared with existing wind turbine airfoils.


Constipation is one of the most common complaints in
the general population, with a wide variety of causes. We present the case of
a man with a four-week history of constipation who developed signs and
symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen
revealed emphysematous cholecystitis and pericholecystic inflammatory changes extending to the adjacent colon. Emergent cholecystectomy was performed, and
bowel function improved after surgery. Chronic inflammation of the gallbladder
might be associated with constipation in this patient.


The use of sludge drying pans is a common dewatering practice to stabilise and dry sludge in wastewater treatment (WWT) plants. This paper focuses on the first full scale implementation of 'dry stacking' as a novel sludge drying practice. To facilitate a stack formation for the sludge at low solids concentration, the use of biosolids embankments has been trialled in the existing drying pans at Western Treatment Plant, Victoria. A sloped partially dried stack was created with solids concentration from 10% (w/w) to 45% (w/w) through the length of the pan within 7 weeks.


ABSTRACT
 We describe the structural and ultrastructural sequence of events that occurs during the acrosome reaction process in Cancer setosus Molina, 1782. No change is observed in spermatophores extracted from the male vas deferens and incubated in different concentrations of seawater; the spermatozoa are not released nor do they experience the acrosome reaction. Only spermatozoa from the masses in seminal receptacles of females undergo acrosome reaction. The acrosome reaction begins with an elongation of the acrosomal vesicle after the spermatozoa are incubated for 15 to 20 min in seawater. During this elongation, the material in the perforatorial chamber is extruded and spread on the outer side walls of the acrosome forming a ring-shaped opening at the anterior region of the acrosome. The ring-shaped material moves to the posterior region, thus increasing the diameter of the anterior opening of the acrosome. In the following stages, an acrosomal filament is extruded and extends beyond the anterior end of the acrosome. The distal end is enlarged and then divided into three thin terminal extensions.


JB ruce M. Rothschild spends his time studying an unusual assortment of joints. As a physician specializing in arthritis, he sees men, women and children. In recent years, he has also started examining dinosaurs, American camels and other long-dead oddities. His aim: to diagnose the afflictions of ancient animals and trace the antecedents of some modern diseases. Rothschild, who practices in Youngstown, Ohio, has become a leading figure in a burgeoning field called paleopathology the study of disease and injury in fossils. Researchers who study ancient animals are beginning to view old bones in a new light, looking for abnormalities that might indicate, for instance, that dinosaurs were accident prone or extinct sea turtles developed the bends. In some cases, paleopathologists are turning to modern medical techniques such as CAT scans and immunologic tests to diagnose ancient diseases. Why should such maladies matter? Researchers involved in paleopathology say both physicians and paleontologists stand to benefit from their work. "We're contributing to the understanding of disease today by studying ancient animals. But we're also learning about their lifestyles," Rothschild says. While anthropologists and medical doctors have long examined the pathologies of early human remains, paleontologists studying animal fossils have been less active in this field. Now, their interest is growing a fact made clear at November's meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Austin, Tex., when a session devoted entirely to paleopathology drew a standing-room-only crowd.


In this article the authors describe and document, along with tests and results, a methodology to perform automatic pitch recognition in real-life music audio signals. The methodology uses a matching criterion of the signal against a number of templates in order to best approximante the pitch in a given time, and although the methodology is fitted to work with monophonic music it can be easily extended into more elaborate sources of tonal sounds(i.e. chords.). We believe the methodology outputs good results and is straightforward enough to warrant the case study presented here.


This paper describes the design and development of two ASICs which form the processing kernel of a high performance sonar signal processor; namely a 24-bit Block Floating Point Arithmetic Unit (BFPAU), and a Table Memory And Address Modifier (TMAAM). The system is based upon a 24-bit block floating point data format which is a compromise between fixed and floating point data; possessing the advantage of reducing the data storage requirement compared to true floating point while allowing arithmetic to be performed in the faster fixed-point format whilst retaining the extended dynamic range provided by floating point. The BFPAU and TMAAM perform the arithmetic processing; the BFPAU is the central arithmetic processor aimed at sonar signal processing in general and beamforming in particular, while the TMAAM provides a range of essential support functions such as look-up tables for trigonometric functions, address generation, exponent control and normalisation and program sequencing. Two blocks of dual-port RAM provide storage for system I/O data transfers, together with two blocks of RAM providing working data storage for the BFPAU. A block of video RAM is used to store address and control sequences for the processing element.


In the present article synthesis and evaluation for anticancer activity of a new series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4oxadiazole derivatives is described. 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff bases derivatives with 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are five membered heterocycles containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms at position 1, 3 and 4 position respectively. Five of the compounds possessed good to moderate anti-cancer activity. Three of the synthesized compounds i.e. 6a, 6f and 6g were found to possess maximum growth inhibition. The order for the % control growth inhibition of MCF-7 was found to be 6a>6f>6g>5b>6h as shown in Table no.6.1-6.7. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral (FT-IR, 1 H NMR) analyses. All the synthesized compounds were found to be active against both the bacterial strain that is Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (MTCC 40) and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 87), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC121). The zone of inhibition was observed in mm. Amongst all derivatives in series (5a-d), (6a-h) exhibited good antibacterial activity.


In order to promote the production of erythromycin andto reduce cost in manufacture,Sac.Erythraea was improved by gene recombinant technology.vgb was cloned by PCR,and vgb was integrated into the chromosomal DNA of Sac.erythraea by electrotransformation.The VHb was verified by analysis of Western blotting and Southern blotting.Activity of VHb was examined by CO different spectra.The cell density and erythromycin titer were determined by sepetrodensitometer and pipe-dish respectively.The results showed that the cell density and Erythromycin titer in riginal strain and in recombicant strain were 1.37,3.8 and 2.82,5.1 respectively.Recombinant Sac. Erythraea has raised erythromycin output,it will benefit for the antibiotics industry production in high-cell density fermentation.


Objective:To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of huge cavernous hemangiomas of the adrenal gland through discussing its clinical characteristic.Methods:The clinical datum of one case of this disease on left was analyzed and the related literature was reviewed.Result:This disease occurred frequently in women,which had compression of the surrounding organs,a palpable mass,benign and non-functioning manifestation,easily hemorrhage and had the typical characteristics in MRI.Conclusion:This disease is easy to be misdiagnosed preoperatively and possibly diagnosed by these characteristic.The more huge,the more dangerous in operation which is very important in treatment.


We present preliminary results on diffraction gratings made with holographic techniques using dichromated gelatin (DCG) matrix with edible dyes, the purple red, Layar® and blue Sabofrut®. The gratings were recorded with a laser diode, λ = 530nm. Curves show diffracted intensity vs exposure time. The recorded gratings show different diffraction efficiencies of gratings prepared with DCG, purple red + DCG, and blue+ DCG. We observed high diffraction efficiency with purple red. All exposure conditions and reconstruction were therefor for all gratings with the same concentration of dichromate for each one of the photosensitive emulsions prepared.


AbstractAvailable flexural strength formulas mainly focus on rectangular concrete beams exclusively prestressed with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tendons. Moreover, an iterative procedure is requ...


Follistatin is a monomeric glycoprotein, expressed ubiquitously, and found in greatest levels in ovarian tissue. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ovarian venous follistatin levels are elevated at the same time as spontaneous luteolysis in merino ewes, but remain constant in circulating and uterine plasma across oestrous. It was hypothesized that the follistatin elevation may be part of functional luteolysis in the ovary. A cross-sectional study of ovarian venous follistatin during luteolysis was performed using merino ewes, which were synchronized with intravaginal sponges. Luteolysis was induced 10 days after oestrus using a PGF2α (IM) injection. Circulating (jugular and arterial), uterine venous and ovarian venous (luteinized and contralateral) blood samples were taken under general anaesthesia at times 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and >48 h (54–71 h) after the PGF2α injection. All samples were assayed for progesterone by RIA and follistatin using a specific follistatin antiserum (#204) in a competitive ELISA with rhFS-288 used as standard. Progesterone concentrations in the venous plasma from the luteinized ovaries plasma were significantly higher than those in the contralateral ovarian and circulating plasma. As expected progesterone concentrations began declining within 6 h and continued until 24 h after PGF2α. Mean circulating plasma follistatin concentrations were similar throughout the experiment with overall means of 9.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL. Both luteinized and contralateral ovarian venous plasma follistatin concentrations (11.8 ± 3.4 ng/mL) were not significantly different from circulating concentrations. However at 48 h ovarian venous follistatin concentrations were significantly elevated (22.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL) and remained elevated for at least 71 h (29.5 ± 7.9 ng/mL). This experiment confirms our previous work that both luteinized and contralateral ovarian venous follistatin concentrations do elevate concurrently with each other but that the elevation in follistatin is not directly related to functional luteolysis as induced by PGF2α.


It has already been proven that estode Anoplocephala perfoliata is liable for causing fatal colic in horses. The epidemiology of the cestode has never been thoroughly evaluated in Albania. The main purpose of the study was to probe and fully account for the prevalence Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses in the southern part of Albania, where there is still a substantial number of working horses. The estimated prevalence of adult A. perfoliata, based upon the presence of eggs in a total of 240 faecal samples was 10%. Out of the total number of equines examined, 4 (4.7%) equines from the planes, 9 (11.4%) from the hills and 11 (14.7%) from the mountains were infected with A.perfoliata. Prevalence of A. perfoliata was significantly higher in samples collected from mountains and hills and the lowest in those collected from plains in the course of the study, very likely depicting their higher rates of exposure to mite intermediate hosts. The purpose of this study was to determine A. perfoliata prevalence in horses from selected regions in southern Albania and to evaluate whether factors such as season, management regime and habitat could prove explanations on variations in prevalence within the selected regions.


Subjects and Methods: The study included children 6–24 months of age with CHD confirmed by echocardiography. Their mental development quotient (DMeQ) and motor development quotient (DMoQ) was calculated using DASII. Developmental delay is defined as DQ <70% (<2 standard deviation) in either mental or motor domain. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entered in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: Motor delay was found in 28% children and 26% children had mental delay (P = 0.0001). Among children with cyanotic CHD, both motor and mental development was seen in 80%, while in children with acyanotic CHD 18.8% children had motor delay and 16.5% children had mental delay (P = 0.0001). The mean DMoQ and mean DMeQ was significantly lower in the cyanotic group than in acyanotic group. The mean DMoQ and mean DMeQ was found to be significantly lower in the children with severe disease as compared to children with mild disease, as well as in the high-risk group as compared to low-risk group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: We found high rates of motor and mental delay in children with cyanotic CHD, severe cardiac lesions, and high-risk category groups. Still, there is a need to find other associated factors, which can contribute to developmental delay, identified at the time of diagnosis through appropriate screening methods. Routine follow-up of these high-risk children with neurodevelopment assessment using DASII scale and early intervention will allow maximum growth and development of pediatric population with CHD and will have a positive impact on their quality of life. Context: With improved awareness, early screening and diagnosis, and better postoperative care, the survival rate and life expectancy of congenital heart disease (CHD) population is on rise, and hence there is the uttermost need to study morbidities like neurodevelopment delay, which significantly affect quality of life in long term. Aim: Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Status Using Development Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) in children 6-24 months of age with CHD. Settings and Design: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Central India.


In a rapidly changing world, research and training (R&T) in nuclear fission and radiation protection is faced with a number of scientific‐technological and sociopolitical challenges that require a new type of governance. In the European Union (EU), those challenges are, for example, technological developments aimed at optimizing the role of nuclear fission in the energy mix and the related processes for knowledge creation and competence building.


To improve the safety, traffic efficiency, and fairness among vehicles at intersections, it is urgent to study intelligent collaborative strategies and make intersections smarter. In this paper, a 3-Level Buffer (TLB) based Virtual Traffic Light (VTL) scheme, named TLB-VTL, is proposed for intelligent collaborative intersections. The intersection is divided into three adaptive areas according to the traffic flow of each lane, and the sequence of each timing cycle is calculated in realtime according to the flow in TLB around an intersection. To ensure fairness, the difference in probability of each lane to pass an intersection is restricted to a lower level. The VTL is realized based on communications of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside (V2R), and vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I), which could improve the safety and fairness without involving traffic lights. Moreover, a Cooperative Collision Avoidance Predictive control (CCAP) algorithm is proposed, which can assist vehicles to go across the next intersection without stopping through predicting the time conflict and generating an efficient traffic schedule for the entire road network. The simulation results indicate that the proposed TLB-VTL algorithm improves the fairness by 331%, decreases the average delay by 88%, and improves the ability to solve congestion by 12% compared with the traditional traffic light algorithm. Besides, the CCAP algorithm increases the traffic fluency by 45% at the intersection.


: Biocompatibility and resistance to biodeterioration of materials has been studied using various approaches, including the analysis of various markers of exposure, both in vitro and in vivo . The possible release of trace elements during orthodontic treatment and their potential toxicity to patients have been an increasing concern. The wide range of appliances routinely used during orthodontic treatment is typically made of alloys which may contain cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, and titanium, of which the major concern is nickel. Nickel concentrations in humans undergoing orthodontic treatment have been assessed in many investigations, although few have specifically examined urine specimens. Urinary nickel concentrations can reflect systemic levels in whole organisms, and as a non-invasive means of study, urine analysis can easily achieve the compliance of participants and guardians. In addition, the predominant metabolic route of nickel is through the kidneys. Therefore, urinary samples are seen as a good indicator for monitoring trace metals released from orthodontic appliances. According to the literature, metal ions are released only in the initial stage of the treatment. Thus, the duration of our study was limited to the first 6 months of treatment. Since urinary nickel levels of adolescents in the initial period of fixed orthodontic treatment are being investigated and reported for the first time in this paper, the aim of our study is to quantitatively evaluate urinary nickel levels and further to summarize the dynamic metabolic regularity of systemic nickel for adolescents in the initial period of fixed orthodontic treatment.