The first step in management of a suspected cutaneous malignant melanoma is to obtain histological confirmation of the diagnosis. It cannot be stressed too firmly that this is an essential prerequisite before any therapy is plarmed. Large studies on the clinical accuracy of preoperative diagnosis have shown that clinical diagnosis is correct in only approximately 50% of cases (Becker, 1949; Sverdlow, 1952; MacKie, 1971; Kopf, Mintzis & Bart, 1975) and it is therefore essential to confirm that the histology is that of malignant melanoma, and not of a benign naevus, pigmented basal cell papilloma or pigmented basal cell carcinoma. If the lesion in question is 2 cm in diameter or smaller a simple excision biopsy with a small margin of normal skin is the most informative procedure. This material can be rapidly fixed in formalin, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin and examined within 48 h. The alternative to this is a biopsy taken in theatre and examined by frozen section technique. While this method is useful and gives rapid and satisfactory results in centres dealing with large numbers of melanomas, it is not recommended for the occasional lesion as artefacts seen in frozen sections can cause confusion with active but benign melanocytic naevi. A second important point is that the sampling required in frozen material may well lead to diagnostic error due to selection of a non-representative area. Recent studies on the relationship between prognosis and specific pathological features in malignant melanoma have shown clearly that the thickness of the tumour, or the depth of invasion of the tumour into surrounding tissue is the most important prognostic histological feature, and that there is an inverse relationship between tumour thickness and survival time (Breslow, 1970, 1975; Clark et al, 1975; Breslow & Macht, 1978). The two methods of calculating this are firstly that of Breslow, in which the tumour thickness is measured from the granular layer of the epidermis to the deepest identifiable tumour cell. This measurement is


Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Examines some success stories of tech transfer and lessons learned from these experiences that point to possible improvements to expedite transfer to future technologies.


This paper aims to establish criteria that correlate the distribution transformer tank temperature with the top-oil temperature, a parameter used to compute the life expectance. Therefore, an easy reading on the tank thermal behaviour through an infrared camera could be converted in a top-oil temperature. The results by the proposed methodology shown errors lower than 4°C. Consequently, this technique appears to offer an opportunity to improve the evaluation criteria for overload distribution transformer and the management of equipment overload capability. (4 pages)


We examined the food contents of the gizzard of an adult male Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus collected on 8 March 1979 at Enoshima Is., Miyagi Pref., where up to 100 birds winter every year. A decapod Oedignathus inermis (Crustacea, Anomura) formed the bulk of the food, although Polyplacophora, Gastropoda and someothers were also identified (Table 1). Most of the prey inhabit the rocks of the intertidal or undertidal zones, where Harlequin Ducks spend most of their time for feeding.


Activation of the CH bond in CH{sub 4} and t-BuO(ads) by H{sup {sm bullet}} transfer to O adsorbed on the Ag(110) surface has been studied by the atom-superposition and electron-delocalization molecular orbital theory. Both abstractions are found to proceed with a low-energy barrier because of the presence of low-lying empty Ag surface orbitals at the Fermi level. Transfer of an electron to the Fermi level alleviates the initial closed-shell repulsion between the CH {sigma}-bond electron pair and the surface O (which is formally O{sup 2{minus}}) lone-pair orbital that ultimately forms the OH {sigma} bond. It is concluded that surface O behaves like a radical anion O{sup {sm bullet}{minus}} or R{sub 3}O{sup {sm bullet}} in its ability to form a single bond. These calculations also suggest the possibility that surface oxygen atoms might insert into CH bonds to form alcohols, which is a result of their ability to exhibit O atom or carbene (R{sub 2}C:) bonding properties.


Background: Oral cancer causes approximately 7,800 annual deaths and has an average range of 5-year mortality rate between 53% and 56%. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that differentiate into several cell types. Due to the fact that they can be recruited at sites of inflammation and tissue repair, the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine and their potential use as tools for gene delivery have been extensively studied. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-derived exosomes) are expected to be a potential treatment method for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). MSC-derived exosomes might play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, particularly affecting tumor vasculature, metastatic potential and progression. Aim: To determine the efficacy of exosomes derived from MSCs on HNSCC cell line in respect to metastasis by evaluating the expression of CRKI. Material and Methods: Laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp-2) was cultured for 24 and 48 hours with two different doses of exosomes (10ng/ml and 20ng/ml) obtained from adipose derived MSCs. Western blot and electron microscopy were used to characterize and image the exosomes. To act as a control, a set of cells was left untreated. The potential anti-metastatic effect of the exosomal cargo were investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) through the measurement of (CRKI) gene expression levels in cultured HEp-2 cells following exosome absorption. Results: MSC-derived exosomes reduced the viability of HEp-2 cells in a dosage and time-dependent manner. In treated HEp-2 cells, exosomes drastically reduced CRKI gene expression. Conclusion: Based on the current findings, MSC-derived exosomes may be a viable supplementary anticancer therapy for HNSCC by reducing these cells' invasiveness.


The present invention relates to the FFT / IFFT processing core to minimize the amount of memory required for the FFT operation and the IFFT process. And the FFT / IFFT processing core is provided with an input buffer, a first multiplexer, the computing block and control block. The input buffer stores the input sequence of the first FFT outputs. It said first multiplexer switches the one of the first and third inputs of the second FFT sequence. Wherein the control block generates a bypass instruction signal indicating that the sequence is input to whether to process the DIT method or passed through without processing the signal processing instruction signal, and the input sequence which is indicative of whether to process the DIF method as . The signal processing instruction signal and a bypass instruction signal is determined by the size of the FFT. The computing block converts the first input of the FFT sequence and the input sequence of the third FFT, in response to the signal processing instruction signal, and the bypass instruction signal to each of the first of the FFT output sequence, and three of the second FFT output sequence generation, and two to generate the output sequence of the second IFFT converts the input sequence of the second IFFT, and a plurality of operation stages are connected in series. FFT, IFFT, operation, the sequence


The environmental education (EE) of America's youth is a high priority, but the effect of EE on children's environmental attitudes and awareness remains uncertain. This study used a pretest, post- test approach to investigate the impact of a �-week EE summer program on children from different age groups and ethnic backgrounds. A survey instrument designed to measure children's views of nature was created and validated through a multi-step process, revealing three primary components of attitudes and awareness: eco-affinity, eco-awareness, and content knowledge. Potential EE program effects were examined by comparing subscale scores of participants in a treatment and control group at the beginning and end of a �-week period. Results suggested that EE programs may benefit older children's eco-affinity and African American children's eco-awareness. This study could be used to generate support for EE programs in underserved populations.


The consumption of avocado is of great importance in the daily diet of the human being, since this fruit contains high levels of Omega 3 and various vitamins (B6, B9 and E) and minerals (magnesium, iron, zinc and phosphorus). Today, Mexico is one of the main avocado producers worldwide. However, the high demand and the low production of this fruit makes the price of avocado more expensive and, therefore, the Mexican population reduces its consumption and seeks nutritional alternatives. For this reason, this research aimed to propose the manufacture of solid avocado tablets (based on pharmaceutical techniques) by granulating and compacting the dehydrated powder of this fruit. This was carried out under a mixed approach by applying quantitative and qualitative technologies to systematic, critical and empirical processes in order to choose the best granulation technique, the ideal binder and the type of compaction to use to achieve solid tablets using dehydrated avocado powder. This tablet aims to preserve the same nutrients as natural avocado and reach all sectors of the population to generate a sustainable and human survival environment.


Nowadays contemporary firms undertake greater environmental responsibilities due to huge pressures from various stakeholders, and globally, societies are becoming increasingly aware of the negative consequences of environmental degradation on human health, ecosystems, and sustainability of life on earth. The notion of organizational citizenship behaviour toward environment (OCBE) emerged during the last two decades and employees may be not clear as their role in environmental improvements due to unsure of the formal rewards associated with them. Therefore, the necessity of human behavioural modifications to achieve pro environmental behaviours is well recognized by the scholars. However, to date scholars of organizational behaviour have been paid less attention in discussion about how to promote environmentally responsible organizations. Therefore, the general objective of this paper is to conceptualize the notions of OCBE and authentic leadership and validate it in Sri Lankan Context. Data were gathered through a survey by using a structured questionnaire from public sector utility organizations and 256 government workers in Sri Lanka. As per the discussion basically, two main criteria called reliability and validity have to be achieved to confirm the goodness of the measure. Internal reliability and composite reliability scales were commonly employed to asses construct reliability of the intended constructs. Convergent validity achieved through Average Variance Extracted and factor loadings. Discriminant validity evaluated by assessing the cross loadings, Fornel-Larcker criterion, and HeterotraitMonotrait Ratio of correlation (HTMT). All validity and reliability indicators including items" loadings, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE), and square roots of the AVE and HTMT correlations have demonstrated high coefficients. Hence, findings demonstrated that the authentic leadership and OCBE constructs could be used for potential researches in Sri Lankan context. Using the PLS technique, this study provides significant contribution to knowledge by validating and conceptualizing the concepts.


Article 8 of the CRC is a unique international human rights provision. There is no other international human rights treaty that contains a provision similar to Article 8. The right to be registered immediately after birth can be seen as closely related to the rights of every person to her or his own identity. One can also refer to Article 16 of the CCPR concerning the right of everyone to recognition as a person before the law. Finally it should be noted that the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), in its interpretation of Article 8 of the ECHR, in particular the right to respect for private life, has ruled that this right covers an individual's physical and social identity, such as gender identification, name, sexual orientation and sexual life and the right to personal development and personal autonomy.Keywords: Article 8; CCPR; CRC; European Court of Human Rights (ECHR); international human rights provision


Battery lifetime extension is a primary design objective for portable systems. We introduce the concept of battery-driven dynamic power management, which strives to enhance lifetime by automatically adapting discharge rate and current profiles to battery charge state.


Sweet potato as a high fibre supplement that can be used in the production of pasta. The production of sweet potato pasta was optimized by Response Surface Methodology. The parameters used for optimizing the products are solid loss, texture, fibre content. Box - behnken design was used to develop models for the response. For the production of sweet potato based pasta 174.285 g of sweet potato, 48.4735 g of water, 28.8296 g of soy flour, 2.69575 g of Arabic gum and 0.877038 g of cmc (carboxyl methyl cellulose). The responses were mostly deviated by changes in quantity of soy flour and Arabic gum and to a small extent the deviation by sweet potato and water levels. The result of this study showed a minimum solid loss of 13.45% and maximum texture hardness of 6994 g and maximum fibre content of 8.52 g


Solid Background: Several years, obesity has been well identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancers, and diabetes mellitus leading high mortality and morbidity. Aim: The present study aimed to assess energy and nutritional deficit in obese patients in intensive care units. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all consecutive traumatic patients admitted to ICU ward at Mobasher Kashani hospital in Hamadan were included that among them, 38 obese patients with body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 were included as the case group and 72 non-obese with body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2were considered as the control group. Malnutrition and its severity were assessed based on the required and intake energy and nutrients on admission and discharge times. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was similar in obese and nonobese patients (86.8% versus 85.2%). Assessing the changes in anthropometric parameters showed higher decrease in BMI and weight in obese patients compared with non-obese ones. The mean level of energy intake at 4th week of admission was similar in obese and non-obese patients; however daily energy intake was significantly lower in former group. Also, in both groups, required energy was significantly lower than energy intake at 4th week of admission. Despite similarity in energy and nutrients needed, there was a significant lower energy as well as nutrient intakes in obese patients compared with non-obese ones. Implications for Practice: Obese traumatic patients admitted to ICU wards suffer lower energy intake and also malnutrition compared with non-obese ones.


The ubiquity of mobile devices creates a rapidly growing market for mobile applications. Many of these applications involve complex processing tasks that are difficult to run on resource constrained mobile devices. This leads to the emergence of mobile cloud computing, in which cloud-based resources are used to enhance the computing capabilities of mobile devices. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous wireless networks in which multiple resource-rich computing nodes can be used as mobile clouds, and mobile devices can upload computation extensive tasks to these mobile clouds. The goal is to minimize the average task response time through determining whether to upload a task, and to which cloud the task should be uploaded. We formalize this task allocation problem, which is proved to be a NP-hard problem, and propose both offline centralized approach and online distributed approach to address this problem. Simulation results show that our approaches outperform others in terms of task response time in various scenarios.


The invention relates to an assembly comprising a reservoir which contains a liquid and an applicator equipped with a feather 3 flexible, elastically deformable; the pen has the shape of a truncated cone 31 extended at its end of smaller diameter of a cylindrical portion 32 having the same smaller diameter. The pen can be flocked and comprise a cavity 35 extending therethrough from one side and opens the bottom of a capillary groove 34. Suitable for the application of any liquid makeup product, in particular for applying Eye- eyeliner on the eyelids.


A random lattice model with dilute interlayer bonds of density $p$ is proposed to describe the underdoped high--$T_c$ cuprates. We show analytically via an appropriate perturbation expansion and verify independently by numerical scaling of the conductance that for any finite $p$ the states remain extended in all directions, despite the presence of interlayer disorder. However, the obtained electronic transport is highly anisotropic with violent conductance fluctuations occuring in the layering direction, which can be responsible for the experimentally observed metallic "in-plane" and semiconducting "out-of-plane" resistivity of the cuprates.


To the Editor.— A modified Snellen's chart is p-oposed ( Amer J Ophthal 66: 750, 1969) which employs simplified Gothic characters, instead of those usually printed in Gothic Boston Breton type adorned with serifs. Most road signs are designed in the sans serif lettering, and it is suggested that vision-testing of automobile drivers might wisely be uone using charts printed in these letters, as illustrated (Figure).


2-Hydroxy-4'-chlorachalcone was synthesized from p-chloracetophenone and 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde in ethanol catalyzed by potassium hydroxide.Best results with 96.6% yield were obtained under conditions of molar ratio of p-chloracetophenone to 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde of 1 to 1.3,catalyst concentration of 20% and reaction time of 6 h.The product was confirmed with IR spectrum,melting point and elemental analysis.


CJF hough not entirely devoid of literary merit, the Revolutionary theater was Ls essentially a propaganda machine. What better way to reach a large and largely illiterate audience with the message of the Revolution? The performance of Revolutionary plays mirrored and deepened the experience of members of the audience, for whom the doctrines of the Revolution must have remained distant and abstract, even as the changes brought about by the Revolution were immediate and material. Several plays of this period, including Le reveil d'Epimenide a Paris (1789) by Carbon de Flinsdes-Oliviers, Le jugement dernier des rois (1794) by Sylvain Marechal and L'an 2000 (1789) by Retif de la Bretonne, stage this gap between abstract doctrine and lived experience as a gap in time. In the first play, Epimenide has been asleep since the time of Louis XIV, and in the second play, the Old Man has been in exile since the time of Louis XV. Both characters know only the France of the past, of the Ancien Regime; and both plays proceed with a sort of parade of characters, a performance within the performance, to bring the main characters (and presumably the audience) up to date, by filling in the breach in time with the performance. Retifs play is structurally different, but deals with many of the same themes. Set in the projected future (the year 2000), the play simultaneously makes the present past and the future present to the audience of 1789. In all three plays the question of time is both raised by the situations presented and banished by the radically present time of performance. Le reveil d'Epimenide a Paris was first performed on January 1, 1790, and was popular enough to inspire at least one plagiarist to claim the play and produce it on a competing stage. Based on the Greek philosopher who, according to legend, slept for fifty-seven years and awoke to find his brothers old men, the character of Epimenide appears in no fewer than six plays in the eighteenth century. He is an ambivalent figure, representing both change and constancy: in pre-Revolutionary plays by Henault, Poisson and Retif de la Bretonne, the moral of the play is that though the world around us changes, l'honnete homme is still the same. All of these plays (and the later play by Flinsdes-Oliviers is no exception) derive some comedy out of the rapidity of change, as the newly-awakened sleeper fails to recognize some common object which the audience has already learned to take for granted. This device is used both for comic effect and as a vehicle for social critique, as in the 1789 version. By way of epigraph, let us consider briefly Retifs 1788 play La sage journee (one of two versions of the Epimenide myth he wrote that year) because there, the object chosen for scrutiny is particularly significant: on seeing a clock, the main character, who has slept seventy-five years, wonders about the second hand. When told what it is, he cries: "Quelle imagination ! Le temps ne s' enfuit-il pas assez vite, sans rendre visible sa rapidite ! Otez cette aiguille desesperante ! Qu'on la brise !" But the servant replies that he cannot: "Monsieur !" he says, "La pendule n'est pas a vous !" (1:66). This exchange is emblematic of what is being staged in all of these plays and which has a particular resonance in the later, Revolutionary context: first, a dizzying recognition of the passage of time and then the desire, left unfulfilled, to stop it. In the re-telling of the Epimenide story by Flins-des-Oliviers, the Greek main character has been asleep for one hundred years. When he wakes, he finds Paris transformed by Revolution. The play has no dramatic conflict to speak of and consists almost entirely of a procession of characters representing different professions comparing their current lives to life under the Ancien Regime. Only a few characters are unhappy with their lot, including an Abbe (distraught that he will no longer be able to support his


Understanding the variations in performance and power-efficiency of compute nodes is important for enhancing these factors in modern supercomputing systems. Previous studies have focused on variations in CPUs and DRAMs, but there has been little attention on GPUs. This is despite many current supercomputing systems employing GPUs (which consume a significant fraction of the power of such systems) as power-efficient accelerators for HPC applications. This paper describes the first thorough evaluation of performance and power-efficiency variations in GPUs. Specifically, we execute 48 CUDA kernels on 856 devices selected from three generations of NVIDIA GPUs (P100, V100, and A100), and analyze the impact of differences in both the CUDA kernels and GPU generation on performance and power-efficiency. Our analysis shows that there are non-negligible variations in both performance and power-efficiency, and that these variations are strongly affected by both the kernels that are running and the GPU generation.


NURSING STANDARD september 25 :: vol 28 no 4 :: 2013 65 Nurse Awards The Nursing Standard Nurse Awards 2014 open for applications on September 30. Entries can be made in a number of clinical categories and nominations may be made by colleagues, patients and nurses. Judging takes place in February and the awards ceremony will be held in May. Meanwhile, 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of the Nurse Awards and Nursing Standard is trying to make contact with all the previous winners. Get in touch via www.nurseawards.co.uk (goes live on Sept 30).


This study examined the possibilities of enhancing methane yield from anaerobic digestion of Xyris capensis and duck wastes based on improved feeding composition and the C/N ratio. Batch anaerobic digestion of Xyris capensis and duck wastes was conducted at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 2 °C) with the mixing ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% of duck wastes: Xyris capensis. The highest methane yield of 301.17 mL CH4/ gVSadded was recorded when the mixing ratio of 50:50% (duck wastes: Xyris capensis) and C/N ratio of 19.26 was digested. The biodegradability (BD) of duck wastes and Xyris capensis were 86.60 and 58.57%, respectively. The BD of duck wastes increases with the addition of Xyris capensis, and it started to decline after a 50:50% mixing ratio. A stronger synergistic influence of co-digestion was noticed compared to monodigestion of the individual of each feedstock. This study showed a better performance of anaerobic co-digestion and can be used to enhance feeding composition and the C/N ratio. In general, methane production from duck wastes co-digested with Xyris capensis is a good strategy to generate renewable energy and minimize waste management challenges.


The invention discloses a method for controlling the physical dimension of a magnesium oxide sintered target by using temperature gradient. The method comprises the following four heating processes and four temperature maintaining processes: (1) heating magnesium oxide powdery blank material from room temperature to a temperature of 300 DEG C to 600 DEG C with a heating rate of 2 to 7 DEG C/min, and then maintaining the temperature for 20 to 100 min; (2) heating the material to a temperature of 900 DEG C to 1200 DEG C with a heating rate of 4 to 10 DEG C/min, and then maintaining the temperature for 30 to 120 min; (3) heating the material to a temperature of 1450 DEG C to 1550 DEG C with a heating rate of 3 to 7 DEG C/min, and then maintaining the temperature for 30 to 90 min; (4) heating the material to a temperature of 1700 DEG C to 1800 DEG C with a heating rate of 0.5 to 2 DEG C/min, and then maintaining the temperature for 300 to 500 min.


AT OUR SECOND annual meeting held at the Beau Rivage Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida in 1960 we held our first scientific meeting. This was actually our first big step forward. Several outstanding men in the field of headache research presented papers at this meeting. This practice of having a scientific program has continued ever since the Miami meeting and today we are holding our ninth annual meeting.


The EC membership is comprised so far of 12 countries where nine languages are officially spoken. Started out in 1982, EUROTRA is a project designed to develop a system to translate into these languages an increasing number of minutes of EC legislature and economical activity reports and business related documents. Now in its second phase, the project is to develop such prototype system as having 2,500words toward the second half of 1988. The vocabulary will amount to 20,000 items in the two-year third phase to consummate the entire project. The project will be evaluated on an overall basis upon completion in that phase. The translation system will eventually be less of transfer type and generally more of interlingua type.


The equilibrium problem for pseudo-rigid bodies with internal constraints and subject to small loads is discussed. No limitations are placed on the constraints, except for the definitional axiomatic assumptions. Equilibrium configurations are obtained as critical points for a potential defined on the constraint manifold, a Liapunov-Schmidt reduction is performed and a second-order expansion of the reduced potential is obtained. This result is similar to an expansion due to Pierce for unconstrained bodies, but here different mathematical techniques are required. Through a framework which is preserved from the unconstrained theory it is shown that for loads of type 0 the number and stability of solutions is not altered by the introduction of internal constraints. By contrast, differences arise when the body is subjected to loads of type 1.


There are three stages in the behavior of an inflatable shell: (1) the unfolding phase; (2) the pressurization phase; and (3) the in-service phase. To describe completely the static behavior of inflatable shells, their action under non-symmetric in-service loads such as wind loads should be analyzed. The field equations for asymmetric superposed loads are also useful in describing the symmetric and asymmetric modes of free vibration for inflatable shells of revolution. The in-service field equations for a general shell of revolution under asymmetric loads is presented; small displacements are superimposed on the previously-solved nonlinear problem of the pressurization phase. This boundary-value problem is reduced to a set of initial-value problems, the numerical solutions to which are propagated along a shell meridian. Sample problems are used to demonstrate the solution method.


Aleurodiscus persicus sp. nov. is described from Iran, based on phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU regions as well as on its morphology. The species is characterized by resupinate, whitish to grayish cream, crustose basidiocarps, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped hyphae, presence of acanthophyses, cylindrical to clavate to submoniliform gloeocystidia, and ellipsoid, amyloid basidiospores measuring ca. 8.3–10 × (4.7–) 5–5.8 µm. The new combination Aleurodiscus graminicola (basionym Gloeomyces graminicola) is proposed.


Advanced Biofuels demand and supply towards future sustainable Europe aviation
- Future of biofuels in aviation
- Techno-economic analysis of synthetic fuels production
- Drivers of sustainable synthetic jet fuels production


Habitat loss due to increasing agricultural intensification and chemical use may result in the loss of biodiversity of bee species. This has implications for global economies and food security for people world wide. Focusing on coffee cultivation, an important cash crop in the tropics, this study aims to understand the availability for pollinator habitat resources in a management gradient from shade-grown coffee agroforestry to conventional farming systems that employ both organic and non-organic management practices. I examined the influence of farming and land-use practices on the availability and quality of habitats for social and solitary bee species through observations of nesting resources available. The results demonstrate that C. arabica management systems have an important effect on habitat availability for pollinator diversity assemblages. In this study, organic shade-coffee farms and ecological managed systems harbored more pollinator habitats and the potential for a more diverse pollinator population. Additionally, different management practices used varying degrees of agrochemical intensity to control for various pests and fungus which has implications for pollinator health and abundance. Management measures that reduce the use of chemicals and that favor pollinator diversity could result in increased farm productivity and enhance biodiversity conservation in coffee growing regions.


Subglottic stenosis is being recognized with increasing frequency in adults, and may be the most frequent indication for airway intervention in this patient population. A variety of factors may lead to subglottic narrowing but in many individuals, usually women, no antecedent cause is identified. Once the diagnosis is recognized, initial management with endoscopic therapy is indicated to provide symptom relief and to gain information about the suitability of open surgical intervention. In most cases, surgical resection and reconstruction will provide the best long term outcome.


One of several Algebraic Riccati Equation-based procedures for the synthesis of a class of robust controllers is presented. The representations of the plant, the measurement, and the controller are all linear with constant coefficients. The uncertainties are piant disturbance, measurement error, and actuator effort error. The synthesis procedure is iterative. An example is included.


The present study aims to assess the factors associated with infertility among the couples attending infertility clinic at SMCH. Methods and material: A Descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total 60 samples were collected using non probability purposive sampling technique and couples, were used as samples. The face to face interview was done with the couples and their demographic status and factors associated with infertility was assessed, followed by that data was gathered and analyzed. Results: the results the study revealed that there is a significant association between the selected demographic variables of the couples with the factors associated with infertility at the level of p< 0.01conclusion Thus, the present despites that factors associated with infertility


This paper deals with the load frequency control (LFC) problem of multi-area interconnected power system, and investigates to design a robust two-layer active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based on the compensation of estimated equivalent input disturbances (EID). This method has a capability of rejecting the effects of parameter uncertainties and load variation, and guaranteeing high dynamic performance by means of the compensation of EID. Firstly, the state-space models of LFC system are established. Then a full-order generalized state ob-server (GSO) is employed in the construction of ADRC system to estimate EID. A stability condition is derived based on small-gain theory. Finally, a multi-area interconnected power system model is used to conduct case studies. The simulation results showed that the proposed ADRC is significant to maintain a robust performance and grid stability by minimizing the effects of various disturbances and uncertainties.


Cartons and chicken feathers are common wastes which we need to dispose in one way or another. Disposal problems associated with these wastes can be solved by processing them into useful products such as insulation and ceiling boards. In this study, chicken feather reinforced ceiling board was developed from waste carton and Portland cement. The quantity of the chicken feather was kept constant at 10% based on previous findings, while the cement and waste carton contents were varied to produce 5 samples of different compositions. The density of the board was found to range between 337.8 and 700.7 kg/m2, while the thickness swelling ranges between 0.81 and 9.02%. Water absorption values of the samples varied between 7.16 and 24.41%, while the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity values varied from 4.8 - 10.3 N/mm2 and 1.03 - 1.60 GPa, respectively. The values of modulus of rupture ranges between 1.34 and 2.2 MPa while the thermal conductivity of the samples ranges from 0.951 to 1.077 W/m.K. Density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and thermal conductivity of the samples increased as the cement content increased, while the thickness swelling and water absorption decreased with increase in cement content. The results revealed that the properties of ceiling boards developed from 80% cement, 10% carton and 10% chicken feather can compete favorably with most ceiling boards available in the market.


The paper is of an empirical character. The main objective of the study was to diagnose declared attitudes of fathers towards deaf children. The study made use of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) by E. Schaefer and L. Bell. The base group comprised 50 fathers of deaf children (FDC). Additionally, a group of 58 randomly selected fathers having only hearing children were examined (control group – FHC). The analysis of results of this study takes into account first general attitudes of the fathers, i.e. proper emotional contact, the attitude of excessive distance and excessive concentration or protection, as well as attitudes towards family and educational roles; thereafter, the subscale scores were averaged to diagnose the intensity of each particular attitude. As a result of the study, it was established that the presence of a deaf child in the family affects the shaping of specific parental attitudes. The age and education of fathers of deaf children were the variables that also affected the shaping of parental attitudes. In summary, the conclusions for pedagogical practice will be discussed.


Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Risk of AKI may vary with selectivity of the NSAID, but this has not been studied in a large cohort where AKI was assessed directly from laboratory data. The objective was to compare AKI risk between selective and non‐selective NSAIDs using a laboratory‐based definition of AKI.


A machine (1) for filling a receptacle (2) with a liquid food or beverage, comprises: a housing (3, 3', 3''); an arrangement (4) for dispensing a liquid food or a beverage to a receptacle upon a user-request; and a user-interface screen (10) on the housing. The housing has a user-orientation for a user to request dispensing of said liquid food or beverage, the user-interface screen being arranged in this user-orientation to face the user within a user-visible housing portion that is delimited by user- visible outermost boundaries of this housing. In this user-orientation, the user-interface screen forms: substantially the entire user-visible housing portion or a surface-predominant section thereof; or a surface- predominant section of a plurality of distinctively user- visible sections that form together the user-visible housing portion.


The present article attempts to analyse the essential elements of the new legal frame of the collective bargaining. In this field, the 3/2012 law represents a qualitative leap and includes some alterations that could generate very profound changes in the collective labour relations model both in the short and medium terms. The collective labour relations would change mainly, but not only, with the inclusion of an intentional regulation which would limit the validity of the collective agreements, effecting in a significant way the working conditions collectively agreed. They would also change with the possibility of partially not applying the statutory agreements due to the daily intervention of a tripartite commission when there is no agreement of the parties involved. This article concludes with an approximation to the impact of these regulatory changes in the specific situation of the collective bargaining in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.


In the search for new and interesting strongly correlated electron phenomena, a detailed study has been underway of the rare earth-based filled skutterudite compounds. This work has been driven by the rich variety of strongly correlated electron phenomena exhibited by the filled skutterudites such as metal insulator transitions, heavy fermion behavior, quadrupole ordering, non-Fermi liquid behavior, and heavy fermion superconductivity. The filled skutterudite compounds have the chemical formula MT4X12 where M = alkali metal, alkaline-earth, lanthanide, or actinide; T = Fe, Ru, or Os; and X = P, As, or Sb. To improve the general understanding of these systems and to look for other strongly correlated electron behavior, single crystals of Pr0.87Fe4Sb12, PrOs4As12, \PrOs4P12, SmOs4Sb12, and NdOs4Sb12 were grown and characterized with X-ray diffraction, magnetization, electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements. Measurements of the filled skutterudite compound Pr0.87Fe4Sb12 reveal long rang magnetic ordering below 4.1 K with indications of ferrimagnetic ordering. Features in the magnetization of the filled skutterudite PrOs4As12 are consistent with antiferromagnetic ordering below 2.3 K. The specific heat, electrical resistivity, and magnetization measurements on PrOs4As12 also show features consistent with at least 2 to 3 ordered phases. Strong crystalline electric field effects were observed in PrOs4P12 and SmOs4Sb12, with both systems exhibiting Schottky anomalies in specific heat measurements. Magnetic ordering was observed in SmOs4Sb12 below 2.6 K with a ferromagnetic component as indicated by hysteresis in the magnetization as a function of field at 2 K. Magnetic ordering was also observed in the filled skutterudite compound NdOs4Sb12 below 0.9 K. Analysis of the specific heat measurements on Pr0.87Fe4Sb12, PrOs4As12, SmOs4Sb12, and NdOs4Sb12 reveal an enhanced electron effective mass, with SmOs4Sb12 showing the largest enhancement


I present an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for principal component analysis (PCA). The algorithm allows a few eigenvectors and eigenvalues to be extracted from large collections of high dimensional data. It is computationally very efficient in space and time. It also naturally accommodates missing information. I also introduce a new variant of PCA called sensible principal component analysis (SPCA) which defines a proper density model in the data space. Learning for SPCA is also done with an EM algorithm. I report results on synthetic and real data showing that these EM algorithms correctly and efficiently find the leading eigenvectors of the covariance of datasets in a few iterations using up to hundreds of thousands of datapoints in thousands of dimensions.


We perform calculations of pre-main sequence evolution of stars from 1 to $85 M_{\odot}$ with growing accretion rates $\dot{M}$. The values of $\dot{M}$ are taken equal to a constant fraction $\tilde{f}$ of the rates of the mass outflows observed by Churchwell ([CITE]) and Henning ([CITE]). The evolution of the various stellar parameters is given, as well as the evolution of the disc luminosity; electronic tables are provided as a supplement to the articles. Typically, the duration of the accretion phase of massive stars is $\simeq$ $3 \times 10^5 \mathrm{yr}$ and there is less than $10\%$ difference in the time necessary to form a 8 or $80 M_{\odot}$ star. If in a young cluster all the proto-stellar cores start to accrete at the same time, we then have a relation $M(t)$ between the masses of the new stars and the time t of their appearance. Since we also know the distribution of stellar masses at the end of star formation (IMF), we can derive the star formation history $N(t)$. Interestingly enough, the current IMF implies two peaks of star formation: low mass stars form first and high mass star form later.


I critically examine archeological presumptions that a continuum from "mobility" to "sedentism" underlies the evolutionary transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture. An ethnographic case from the Philippines shows that some foraging societies undergoing subsistence change may become more mobile as they near or cross the threshold to sedentary life. A distinction between residential and logistical mobility does not account for this finding, because the increased mobility in question has both residential and logistical dimensions. MUCH ARCHEOLOGICAL THEORY HINGES ON A SHARP EVOLUTIONARY CONTRAST between mobility and sedentism in the characterization of human settlement patterns, the first associated primarily with hunting-gathering economies, the second, with agriculture (e.g., Harris 1977; Bender 1978; Hassan 1981). Separately, these terms have been valuable enough, but their frequent conceptual juxtaposition conflates multiple meanings of each term, meanings that could more usefully be kept distinct. Furthermore, modeling evolutionary change in the archeological record of particular societies in terms of a continuum from mobility to sedentism may obscure rather than clarify the actual changes in patterns of mobility as particular groups, once "mobile," become "sedentary." Presumably, by the terms of such models, as such groups "settle down," they "move around less" or at least become "residentially stationary." Such presumptions at best provide only limited guidance for the interpretation of the archeological record and may sometimes be empirically wrong, as the case examined here will demonstrate. Hence the argument of this paper: that mobility and sedentariness are not simple polar concepts related on a single continuum. Rather, these concepts each have multiple referents and are related in a problematic fashion that deserves greater attention from anthropologists. The settlement and mobility patterns of contemporary tropical forest foraging peoples, in contrast to such patterns among arctic and desert-dwelling foragers, have received only limited attention from anthropologists. Such peoples today typically continue to hunt and gather but have also taken up agriculture and other new economic activities under the aegis of more complex, sedentary societies. The patterns of settlement and mobility associated with the multidimensional or "transitional" subsistence economies of these


Based on a recently proposed explicit and complete parametric solution to the generalized Sylvester matrix equation in the form of AV+EVF=BW, explicit and analytical solutions to the Sylvester matrix equations AV-EVF=W and AV-VF=W are derived. Cases of multiple solutions are also treated. These solutions are in simple and compact forms, and may have important applications in control systems theory.


Abstract 1047 Poster Board I-69 Background: A major issue in the treatment of AML is the low response rate achieved with standard remission induction therapy in patients with "poor-risk" prognostic factors. One such poor-risk factor is secondary AML (sAML), AML following myelodysplasia or cytotoxic therapy for other malignancies. sAML is strongly associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms: up to 70% of sAML patients show overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or other MDR mechanisms. Amonafide L-malate (amonafide, AS1413) is a unique DNA intercalator that is not a substrate for MDR, unlike anthracyclines commonly used in the treatment of AML. This phase II study evaluated amonafide in combination with cytarabine in patients with sAML. Methods: Patients received amonafide 600 mg/m 2 /day IV on days 1-5 and cytarabine 200 mg/m 2 /day IV by continuous infusion on days 1-7. Induction was repeated if leukemia persisted on day 14 marrow examination. Consolidation consisted of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT; n=10) or intermediate-dose (n=13)/high-dose (n=7) cytarabine, depending on age and HSCT donor availability. Bone marrows were centrally reviewed. The primary endpoint was complete remission with (CR) or without (CRi) hematopoietic recovery; secondary endpoints were duration of remission (DOR), survival and safety. Results: 88 patients with a median age of 62.5 years (range 23-87) were treated; Of these, 45 (51%) had received prior leukemogenic therapy (tAML) and 43 (49%) had prior MDS; 1 (1%) had favorable, 36 (41%) had intermediate and 42 (48%) had unfavorable cytogenetics. Overall CR + CRi rate was 42% (CRi 3%); median duration of remission (DOR) was 312 days. CR rates and DOR among age 500/cmm and platelets of 20,000/cmm was 29 and 28 days, respectively. Conclusions: Amonafide produced a high complete remission rate and durable responses in both older and younger patients with sAML. Efficacy was maintained across several poor-prognosis subgroups frequently characterized by MDR, for which amonafide is not a substrate. A phase III study (ACCEDE) is evaluating amonafide + cytarabine vs. daunorubicin + cytarabine in patients with sAML. Disclosures: Erba: Genzyme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Pharmion: Honoraria; MGI Pharma: Honoraria; Cephalon: Honoraria, Research Funding; Wyeth: Research Funding; Antisoma: Research Funding; Lilly: Research Funding; Gemin-X: Research Funding; Kanisa: Research Funding. O9Donnell: Genzyme: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Allen: Antisoma: Research Funding. Powell: Antisoma: Research Funding. Stone: Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Consultancy; Genzyme: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy. Bennett: Antisoma: Consultancy. Lundberg: Antisoma: Employment. Capizzi: Antisoma: Consultancy. Rizzieri: Antisoma: Research Funding.


The present invention discloses a rice herbicide, the active ingredient is cyhalofop-butyl, the percentage by weight of saflufenacil, carfentrazone-one, cyhalofop in the composition is from 1% to 30%, saflufenacil weight percent of the composition is from 1% to 20%, carfentrazone-one in the composition in a weight percentage of 1% to 10%, the balance of pesticide chemicals. The present invention is applicable to paddy controlling annual weeds, controlling better than each of the single agent, has a wide herbicidal spectrum, to enhance the practical effects, delay Resistance of weeds, and other advantages of labor saving.


Abstract : Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy was used to monitor the decomposition of NH3 and ND3 on silicon surfaces. Experiments were performed in-situ in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber using high surface area porous silicon samples. The FTIR spectra revealed that NH3 (ND3) dissociatively adsorbs at 300 K to form SiH (SiD) and SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species. A comparison of the vibrational absorbances for the SiNH2 and Si2NH surface species indicated that the Si2NH species could account for < or = 11% of the surface coverage at 300 K. The infrared absorbances of the SiN-H2 (SiN-D2) scissors mode at 1534 cu cm (1157 cu cm), the Si-H (SiD) stretch at 2077 cu cm (1510 cu cm) and the Si3-N stretches at 930 and 750 cm-1 were employed to monitor the decomposition of the SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species. As the silicon surface was annealed to 700 K, the FTIR spectra revealed that the SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species gradually decomposed to produce Si3N species and additional SiH species. Above 680 D, the SiH surface species decreased concurrently with the desorption of H2 from the porous silicon surface. The uptake of surface species at various adsorption temperature was also monitored as a function of NH3 (ND3) exposure time.


Abstract This study aims at presenting a case of symmetrical and bilateral thinning observed in a skull belonging to the skeleton of a mature woman from the medieval cemetery of Caravate (north Italy). Macroscopical, radiological, and histological analyses were performed to investigate the condition. The analyses allowed us to detect a progressive loss of both the outer table and the diploe, and the sparing of the inner table. As a controversial condition in the clinical and paleopathological literature, this case poses some difficulties in discussing the differential diagnosis. However, the sex determination, estimation of the age-at-death and different characteristics observed at the level of the postcranial bones, in particular the fractures recorded on different vertebral bodies, allowed us to correlate the biparietal thinning found in this subject to ageing and osteoporosis.


One of the consequences of the war has been a greatly increased demand for blood grouping materials, especially for the armed forces of the United States. It has fallen to my lot to serve, along with various other workers, somewhat informally, as one of the persons in whose laboratory certain blood grouping preparations, prepared by commercial firms undcr contract with the United States Government, are tested and evaluated. Before the war, tlie demand for blood grouping materials was met, for the most part, by local preparation of the materials by the individuals or institutions who desired them. Other materials put out by various comniercial houses were, however, gradually becoming available. Some of these had been tested by myself and by various other workers, but our tests had mostly followed no set pattern, and any opinion which was rendered was, generally, based largely on the personal impression which each worker got from using the proposed new preparations to gruup a few known and unknown bloods. After the armed forces began to ask for blood grouping materials in considerable quantity, various preparations were sent to my laboratory for assay and evaluation. The first preparations submitted were good, but later ones were not entirely satisfactory, and some of them were thought to be substandard by myself and by other workers. Comparison of the results of tests in various laboratories, compiled by DeGowin and others, revealed that the reports of various investigators were, in many cases, widely discrepant. This did not surprise me, as I regarded blood grouping as more of an art than a science, but i t caused rather acute unhappiness among some of the individuals who had been in charge of procedures for the preparation of the materials, and among some of those who had prepared them. It became clear that i t would be highly desirable, if it were possible, to develop a technique of testing which would yield more consistent results. One improvement, suggested, 1 believe, by the Department of Phy-


Short-term traffic flow forecast plays an important role in transit scheduling. A high-order generalized neural network model is constructed to actualize dynamic forecast on-line and a hybrid genetic algorithm and identical dimension recurrence idea are performed to optimize the structure and shape of neural network dynamically so as to enhance its forecast accuracy. With data collected from Dazhi Str., Harbin as the system input, the experimental result indicates that the average relative error of forecast is 5.53% and the maximum is less than 21%, which proves that the proposed neural network model can satisfy the precision request, accelerate the convergence speed, improve the global gener-alization ability and possess the practicality in short-term traffic flow forecast.


The research aims to consider the conditions essential for the creative educational environment formation and the impact which this environment has on the creative potential of students mastering a foreign language for specific purposes. To achieve the set goals, we consider the technologies (problem-based, gaming, project technologies and case analysis) that contribute to implementing the creative environment. The paper reveals the results of the conducted on the site of Kazan Federal University experiment in organizing the process of teaching a foreign language in the conditions of a creative educational environment. Based on the systematization and generalization of foreign and national studies, we developed the following criteria for the effectiveness of the educational process: (1) the educational motivation level assessment; (2) the language proficiency level assessment; (3) the educational autonomy level assessment; and (4) the creativity level assessment.


In a pair of linked articles (called Article I and II respectively) we apply the concept of Lagrangian Coherent Structures borrowed from the study of Dynamical Systems to magnetic field configurations in order to separate regions where field lines have different kind of behavior. In the present article, article II, by means of a numerical procedure we investigate the Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the case of a two-dimensional magnetic configuration with two island chains that are generated by magnetic reconnection and evolve nonlinearly in time. The comparison with previous results, obtained by assuming a fixed magnetic field configuration, allows us to explore the dependence of transport barriers on the particle velocity.


The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biodegradable polymer type and surfactant concentration on various characteristics viz. particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release rate constant of aqueous core nanocapsules (ACNs) containing tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate. In this study, the nanocapsules were prepared by modified multiple emulsion technique with biodegradable polymers viz. poly(lactide-co-glycolide) of two different grades (PLGA RG502H and PLGA RG503H) and poly lactic acid (PLA R203H); and the surfactant employed was span 80. The experiments were designed under response surface methodology by employing the Design Expert software. Entrapment efficiency, particle size and drug release rate constant were taken as response variables. The prepared nanocapsules were subjected to characterization studies and the obtained results were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for response surface 2-Factorial Interaction model. ANOVA studies showed that the influence of both factors on all the response variables were significant at p<0.05. The optimized formulation was found to have the entrapment efficiency of 71.58%, particle size of 252.41 nm and the drug release rate constant of 0.045 h-1; thus, indicating that the ACNs were obtained with finest characteristics. SEM studies showed that the particles were spherical.


This paper reviews significant discoveries and interpretations made for Paleozoic tetrapods over the past twenty-five years. In that span twelve significant, new localities have been found, including the oldest ever at about 370 million years in age. About 60 new genera have been described; five providing important insight into the early evolution of land vertebrates. The number of exceptionally well known taxa with multiple, excellently preserved specimens has doubled to eight from four. The very earliest tetrapods have been discovered to have been polydactylous, the ear region to have had a complicated early evolution and the specialized tooth type found in Recent amphibians has been found in a group of Lower Permian temnospondyl amphibians, indicating an evolutionary relationship


The cast process of superalloy double-properties cast integral turbine wheels was introduced.The form method,control means and pour parameters of grain structure of double-properties cast wheels were investigated.At the same time,the selection of double-properties cast wheels alloy material and the effect of heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties were also investigated.The results showed that the overheat temperature of molten metal ΔT and the mould revolution velocity n were 160~290℃ and K+270~ K+300 rpm respectively.The directionally solidified columnar grain in airfoil and equiaxed fine grain in hub could be obtained.The heat treatment condition of double-properties cast wheels was 1180℃/2h+1230℃/3h,AC+1100℃/4h,AC+870℃/20h,AC.


A novel SSBI cancellation scheme based on time diversity reception is proposed. Experiment shows that the proposed scheme improves ~3.6dB sensitivity compared with baseband optical OFDM scheme in a 5-Gbps SSB-DD-OOFDM system over 100-km SMF.


i NcreasiNglycoNstaNt aggressions, justified mainly by economical liber-alism, have led most modern legal systems to protect the environment, recognizing it as a fundamental right of the third generation. The democratic State's criminal law, restricted to the safety of society's most valuable legal interests, is then called upon to protect the ecological balance. On the other hand, the government's punish -ing power finds obstacles in the very nature of this legal issue, which is more trou-bling when the classical principles of criminal law are considered. An example of this is what happens with the principle of culpability: the enforcement rules are put into perspective through the use of general denunciations towards a more effective protection of the community, according to its advocates. Its detractors, on the other hand, see its use as a serious threat to the individual's fundamental rights, putting the contemporary notion of human dignity into question .


Interspersed among the gentle fold structures of the Cantabrian Mesozoic basin of northern Spain are at least 12 diapirs with cores of plastic Triassic shales, evaporites, and ophitic igneous rocks exposed at the surface. These occur in an S-shaped belt in a generally east-west direction over a distance of some 130 kilometers (80 miles). The Iza diapir is located in the extreme east portion of the basin at the eastern termination of the diapiric trend. Surface evidence and seismic work plus the data from four wells drilled on the Iza structure have outlined this unusual diapir. Most diapirs in northern Spain are expressed on the surface as nearly circular depressions End_Page 357------------------------------ representing the intrusive mass. The surrounding beds dip away from the central depression, often very steeply, to form a series of cuestas. In contrast, the Iza diapir is a buried wall or ridge of plastic rock at least five kilometers (three miles) long by less than 1.5 kilometers (one mile) wide intruded into a sedimentary section over 4,410 meters (14,470 feet) thick. Only the uppermost tip is exposed at the surface in a belt of indistinct outcrops up to 30 meters (98 feet) wide. One of the wells drilled on the structure encountered an inverted block of Upper Cretaceous sandstone above Paleocene carbonates, apparently incorporated into the diapir. End_of_Article - Last_Page 358------------


In order for better understanding of ground motion intensity in the near-field region, the damage survey of tombstones and questionnaire seismic intensity survey are conducted at Wakago and Honson areas in Niijima Island for the earthquake on July 15, 2000 (Mw 6.0). The relations of damage indexes on overturned tombstones and questionnaire seismic intensity to ground motion intensities are examined. As a result, the ground motion intensity in Wakago area is estimated as the J.M.A. seismic intensity of 6.1, peak ground acceleration of about 800 cm/s2 and peak ground velocity of about 80-100 cm/s. The synthesized seismograms calculated from the existing fault model are compared with the observed strong motion records, and the agreement of calculations and observations is not good. Therefore the fault parameters are modified from the existing fault model. The modified fault model is closer to Niijima Island as compared to the earlier one. The synthesized seismograms calculated from this model show better agreements with the observed ground motion records. According to the synthesized seismogram calculated fromm the modified fault model, in Wakago area, the ground motion around the period of 1 sec is dominant in north-south direction. This may be mainly due to the effect of the fault rupture.


Throughout my professional journey, I have encountered many thought provoking experiences which have, not only helped to shape my practice, but have also encouraged me to deeply question my purpose as a leader within education. Children growing up in the 21st century will encounter rapid change within their lives. The question that resonates deeply within me is what and how do we teach them today so that they are better prepared for tomorrow's world? It is this concern that provides the impetus for this research.

The idea of learning being placed at the heart of the core business of leadership is embodied in what is understood as Instructional Leadership. Through practitioner action research, this study investigates the leadership of curriculum change that takes full account of the views of children. It explores the kind of actions that need to be undertaken as a leader to effect curriculum change; actions that serve to locate the child as the lead learner. In developing an inquiry based approach to teaching and learning, this study investigates how resources and the tool and artefacts of teaching are deployed, pedagogical strategies implemented and considers the development of a cultural, emotional and cognitive climate conducive to inquiry learning.


Exaptation, the emergence of latent functionality in existing artifacts, is an underexplored mechanism of novelty generation in innovation. In this paper, we measure the frequency of exaptation in the pharmaceutical industry. We find that about 42% of new functions derived from existing drugs have an exaptive nature. We think that this constitutes the first measure of exaptation in any industry. We also link exaptation with radical innovation and find that most radical innovations in our sample are exaptive. Also, nearly all radical innovations occur in market areas very distant from the drug's original market. We propose that exaptive innovation constitutes a different search mechanism and problem-solving approach from deliberate innovation and discuss the role of context and serendipity in innovation.


Apparent particle sizes corresponding to the slope and intercept of the variance-range curve are interpreted geometrically; the analytical results of Lele & Anantharaman for cylinders and certain prisms are confirmed. The slope apparent particle size is half the harmonic mean of h\midsec ϕ\mid and b\midcsc ϕ\mid, where h is the height of the cylinder or prism, b is the breadth of a rectangle having an area equal to that of its top face and a width equal to that of its radiation shadow, and ϕ is the angle between its axis and the diffraction vector. For cylinders, but not in general for prisms, the intercept apparent particle size is 1/√2 times the geometric mean of the same quantities. For a hemisphere of diameter d the slope apparent particle size is given by 2\over 3d/(1 + \midcos ϕ\mid), where ϕ is the angle between the diffraction vector and the normal to the plane face, and the intercept apparent particle size is the square root of 1\over 6πd2\midcsc 2ϕ\mid.


The paper entitled 'Contemporary accounting education and society' deals with a very important theme which has been neglected by many accounting educators. The paper also clearly indicates some problems in accounting research methodology while providing an alternative approach to educational practices in accounting. In general I agree with the ideas expressed in this paper, especially the authors' attempt to provide 'holistic education' by conducting the course Accounting, Organizations and Society. It is obvious that contemporary accounting education for society is a topic relevant to the social function of contemporary accounting education. In recent decades, accounting educators at university level have made great efforts to adjust teaching methods and enrich the curriculum to suit the great changes in the progress of accounting measurement and the development of accounting theory. Meanwhile, we have had to change our research approach to that of positive accounting theory (PAT), (i.e. what the paper called 'scientiŽ c approach') which has dominated accounting research for two decades in many western countries and which has been so important that one accounting educator's academic assessment of it is that appointment and promotion decisions mainly depend on candidates espousing PAT since it is a basic prerequisite to publishing papers in some refereed journals. PAT is becoming increasingly popular in developing countries. Indeed, it is difŽ cult for us to deny that the 'scientiŽ c approach' has made great contributions to the improvement of Ž nancial information disclosure and market efŽ ciency interpretation as well as to the basic disclosure regulations of the capital markets. However, as a matter of fact, a few positive accounting Ž ndings have confused university students regarding the social roles of accountants. Inappropriate views – especially the interpretation with bias on Opportunistic Choices – can lead students the wrong way with regard to how best to play their role in the organizations in which they will work and for the society in which they will be involved after they graduate because some cultural values seem of universal signiŽ cance without limitation from local laws and regulations. Meanwhile, many accounting educators have paid too much attention to questions of research methodology and writing papers on other aspects of accounting rather than focusing on ways to improve the pedagogy of accounting. Therefore, enhancing the structured accounting education mainly related to organizations and society is very important at present and the paper provides us with a valuable chance to see how this might be done. Nevertheless, several issues might usefully be considered again by the authors. First, the Ž eld in which this paper is involved needs to be clariŽ ed: general education, management education or accounting education? Indeed, when we discuss the issues of accounting education, we need the basic theoretical supports from education theory and management theory as well as the environment theory of business enterprises. However, accounting is a very specialized discipline which has a quite different way to achieve its social functions. After reading the whole paper, I believe that the Ž ndings will be much more persuasive if the authors focus their discussions on the social function of accounting and related education problems. Accounting is an applied discipline and the majority of accounting


PuBeneutrons sources of Educational Neutron Laboratory in the Center for Physical Sciences and Technology are used in several activities including neutron activation for educational purposes and laboratory irradiation experiments. In this work we address the dose rate estimation in the irradiation channels of reconstructed PuBe neutron sources storage device in the particular positions dedicated for neutron irradiation experiments using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and MCNP6 modelling.The results on neutron activation of V2O5, MnO2, Al and Na2CO3were analyzed and compared with MCNP6 model prediction results. The conclusions on the actual neutron flux energy distribution and model corrections are drawn. The absolute neutron intensity at dedicated irradiation points as well as neutron and gamma dose rates are obtained.


The direct analysis and the inverse parameter fitting are methods for determination of unknown material parameters in rheometry. In this paper the efficiency of the both methods is examined on the case of a semi-solid alloy. The difference between the obtained material parameters is studied and the necessity of inverse parameter fitting is discussed.


Yilehuli mountain in Great Xingan Mountains is the only bright coniferous forest of cool temperate zone in our country now.There are many kinds of natural landscapes,such as forest,pratum,swamped pratum,march,pond and so on.The multiformity of biology is very complex.Vegetation varies dynamically and may be divided into successions of forest and marsh. It has important meanings in theoretics and practice to discuss these rules.


This thesis focuses on globalisation in the Key Stage 3 National Curriculum for Citizenship
and Geography in England. The research is based on two premises: firstly, that there are
numerous perspectives on globalisation and secondly, that globalisation is a politically
tendentious topic.
The research is conducted in two parts. First, the content of the curriculum is investigated
to ask if any perspectives on globalisation are privileged, marginalised or silenced in the
curriculum. Second, the research asks why a politically loaded subject like globalisation is
now included in a curriculum which consciously seeks to avoid indoctrination.
Empirical research finds that, while globalisation is welcomed as a controversial issue for its
value in encouraging critical thinking and the development of liberal values and attitudes in
education for democracy, the range of authentically controversial global issues raised
through the curriculum is limited. Globalisation has come to be associated in the
curriculum with international development. The research investigates the prevalence of this
perspective and concludes that development education's distanced controversies are 'safe',
compared with other global controversies that may imply a direct critique of governance.
Conceptual research indicates that globalisation is included in the curriculum, not just as
content, but is promoted through curriculum policy. An analysis informed by critical theory
proposes that globalisation has come to be included in the curriculum as part of the Third
Way political project. Globalisation is central to this project and its inclusion in the
curriculum is part of the process of gaining consent for globalisation as a taken-for-granted
concept in the context of globalising policies.
The thesis explores the apparent contradiction that although fear of direct indoctrination
through the curriculum leads to an anodyne account of globalisation, curriculum policy is nonetheless being used to legitimate a Third Way version of neo-liberal economic
globalisation, and concludes that the curriculum provides evidence of wider hegemonic
processes.


th WPH release we looked towards Belgium's finest Raoul Lambert aka Raoul Belmans aka ½ of Swirl People to follow up on his splendid WPH Blue b-side track '3 seconds' released late 2009. Raoul quickly sent us 'Cinnamon Dreams', the result of a long Valencia-session with friend and fellow producer Nacho Marco, during which they apparently ate the whole Spanish supply of Belgian 'speculoospasta', a specialty that cannot be translated in English, but it contains cinnamon, hence the name of the track and the E.P.


Newtonian Mechanics. Principles of Analytical Mechanics. Concepts from Linear System Theory. Lumped--Parameter Structures. Control of Lumped--Parameter Systems: Classical Approach. Control of Lumped--Parameter Systems: Modern Approach. Distributed--Parameter Structures: Exact and Approximate Methods. Control of Distributed Structures. A Review of Literature on Structural Control. References. Author Index. Subject Index.


Keeping up the single pegged dollar exchange rate is necessary for the stability of RMB exchange rate, but RMB exchange rate informing system must change to the floating exchange rate in the future. This thesis talks about the inconsistent problems between the near, the metaphase and the long aims of the RMB exchange rate informing system reforming.


Rapid industrialization and usage of heavy metals in industrial processes have resulted in unprecedented increase in the heavy metal flux into groundwater. Hexavalent chromium is one of elements with high health risks such as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Adsorption is economically feasible alternative of chromium removal. We have used spectrophotometric method for monitoring of hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solution with the use of black as adsorbent. We have monitored the influence of temperature and surface treatment on the adsorption process.


The main aim of the study is to compare share repurchase and dividend payout trends of listed non-financial and non-resource companies in Poland and South Africa over the period 2005–2015. Although South Africa is a developing country with a dualistic economy, the country is characterized by a sophisticated stock exchange which is comparable to that of most advanced economies, while Poland was reclassified from emerging market to developed market status, effective as from 24 September 2018. Comparative analysis provides insights on the regulatory differences and the effect therefore on share repurchase and dividend behaviour, and whether these countries mirror the excessive payout behaviour observed in the United States of America (US). The study results show that in both countries dividends are the dominant form of payouts to shareholders. Moreover none of the examined countries mirrors the excessive payout behaviour observed in the US – neither in Poland, nor in South Africa did share repurchases surpass dividends. Regulatory differences between Poland and South Africa, however, affected the observed trends in payout behaviour between the two countries.


The horror film industry brings in viewers from all over the world and from every caste of life. But, people differ greatly in their enjoyment of horror movies. The primary purpose of this research was to look at the individual differences in people's horror film viewing behavior; furthermore, whether certain personality traits predicted physiological reactions to horror film viewing. This research was divided into two conditions. The questionnaire-only condition was reserved for individuals that indicated a dislike for horror films. Those in the questionnaire-physiology condition also completed the questionnaires and were presented a film consisting of horror clips while physiological variables (heart rate, blood pressure and skin conductance) were examined. In between groups analysis, a non-significant trend for increased Fearlessness in the questionnairephysiology condition relative to the questionnaire-only condition. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the only physiological indicatory that increased significantly from the baseline to the film. Furthermore, increases in SBP were inversely correlated with Fearlessness and positively correlated with Coldheartedness. These results suggest personality differences in people that watch horror movies and people that do not. Furthermore, it suggests physiological differences within and between those that watch horror films. Psychophysiology of Fear 3 Fear: A Psychophysiological Study of Horror Film Viewing Aristotle (335-322 B.C.) explained that fear is experienced when humans are threatened by something perceived to be more powerful than they are. This fear lasts until the realization of no escape; at which point, the fear is reduced due to the understanding of failure. If fear is linked to harmful situations, events or objects that terrorize us, why are humans as a society so intrigued with the things that scare them? Many children worry about the boogey man at night, the monster under their bed, and/or the man that lives in the closet. Most people know that monsters aren't real, yet they still believe that they exist at night once the lights go out. The human mind is fascinated with the unknown, and to most, the unknown is terrifying. What if it's huge? What if it's green? What if it's a ghost or monster? The search for these answers has intrigued humanity for centuries. Fear is described by Alex Chamberlain (1899) as "an experience." He stated that fear in its root meaning is from the Anglo-Saxon word fáer, which means "a sudden peril, danger, panic or fear." Fear is seen as an evolutionary necessity which can help notify a person whether they should proceed in their current direction, or find another course in order to increase likelihood of survival (Cannon, 1914; Ohman & Mineka, 2001). But, excessive fright can create a state of cognitive dissonance where anxieties manifest themselves into phobias creating a condition of debilitation when in the presence of a causal object or situation (DSM-IV, 1994). The person knows that the object of their fear cannot harm them, and yet they are still afraid. Oscar worthy horror films such as The Exorcist, Interview with the Vampire, Psycho and Alien drew in audiences from every type of background, all over the world. Psychophysiology of Fear 4 So what is it about these films and stories that create such a massive fan base? Why do people want to scare themselves by viewing these movies? In order to understand fear, it is important to understand its physiology and how it is mediated by individual differences. Physiology of Fear When we as humans become scared, we can feel it throughout our entire body. It is that sinking feeling you get in the pit of your stomach. It is the feeling that you can't move and the sweaty palms you get. To truly gain a perspective on fear, electrophysiological correlates, the amygdala, and other forebrain areas must be considered. A conglomerate of physiological organs that must be considered is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland make up the system that constitutes the HPA axis. Between these three organs, this neuroendocrinological system is a control center for many emotional anxieties. The hypothalamus works alongside the amygdala in fear processing by activating the sympathetic nervous system. When a person perceives a situation as being scary or threatening, the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is released by the anterior pituitary glad, which stimulates the adrenal glands on the kidneys. There in turn releases adrenaline and cortisol, increasing blood pressure and increasing the metabolic rate needed to react appropriately to survive. Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid of the HPA axis and is implemental in the fear process (Buss, Davidson, Kalin & Goldsmith, 2004). The experience of fear and its physiology is a group effort provided by multiple systems within the body and in the brain. Psychophysiology of Fear 5 Electrophysiological Correlates of Fear. In response to fear, humans react in many different ways. Everyone has seen the person frightened so badly at the movie theater that he is perspiring or someone who covers their eyes. But, you can feel your heart rate increase during an intense scene and your muscles tighten right before the movie's killer strikes. These are all physiological responses to a fear inducing situation. Ax (1953) examined the physiological differences between fear and anger. In his research, he created a situation that elicited these two emotions from participants. There was a central element of deception due to the fact that he needed them to act naturally. The patients, while connected to an electroencephalogram, a ballistocardiogram, a respiration monitor, skin temperature and conductance monitors, blood pressure monitor and an integrated muscle potential index, were given a small, non-irritating, shock from an electrode. The researchers then proceeded to act like it was a glitch and the equipment was malfunctioning, causing them to fear further shock. They proceeded to tell the participants that the technician had previously been fired, but had to be temporarily employed for this one day and that the subject would have to continue working with them, thus creating more fear. The results of this study showed that there are physiological changes during such duress. Fear, in particular, resulted in higher face temperature and skin conductance, muscle potential and respiration rates. This research opened the doors to other researchers hoping to better understand the electrophysiological origins of fear. The further presence of fear's involvement in anxiety disorders includes PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Roemer, Salters, Raffa & Orsillo (2005) confirm that fear may be a very important part of an Psychophysiology of Fear 6 individual's personality with GAD. Shin et al. (2005) looked at the variation between happy and fearful facial expressions and found that PTSD patients present overresponsive amygdalae and reduced prefrontal cortex responses along with diminished habituation of the expressions in the right amygdala. Cuthbert et al. (2003) examined the psychophysiology of fear memory imagery, specifically in phobias, social-anxiety disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia and PTSD. They looked at the participant's heart rate, skin conductance, muscle conduction and cardiac output, across a wide array of fears, including imagery exemplifying the participant's personal, social, and physical fears. As hypothesized, participants showed evidence of higher arousal levels in response to fear memory retrieval relative to controls. More specifically, the phobic patients showed higher levels of arousal while the panic disorder patients presented the least. These results are consistent with those of Cook et al. (1988) who concluded that phobic patients react more viscerally (SCR) to fear/emotional imagery than other anxiety patients. In another study, Palomba et al. (2000) examined the physiological reactions in people to negative film viewing; in particular, a video that involved 'threat' and one that involved 'surgery.' During these videos electrophysiological data recordings were taken in the form of: Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings in order to watch the rate and accuracy of the heartbeats along with how electrical activity spreads across the muscles of the heart; T-Wave Amplitude (TWA); Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA); Skin Conductance Levels (SCL); and vertical electrooculograms (EOG). The 'threat' film produced consistent sympathetic responses of cardiac acceleration, decreased TWA and increased SCL. During the 'surgery' film however, TWA increased, SCL raised even Psychophysiology of Fear 7 higher than in the 'threat' film, and heart rate increased very quickly. A similar study looked at physiological reactions (SCL and HR variability) based on fear inducing clips, in children (Gilissen et al., 2007). Their results showed that during the fear stimuli, the children's SCL increased, while they experienced a drop in heart rate variability. In addition, there were correlations between the level of reactivity and the child's relationship with at least one of their parents. The closer bond the child experienced at home, the more attenuated the fear reaction (Gilissen et al., 2007). Neurological Correlates of Fear The amygdalae are a collection of nuclei in the medial temporal lobes of the brain and have been identified by many as the fundamental basis and center for the processing of fear in the human emotional complex. How the brain, particularly via the influence of the amygdala, processes emotion affects how the body will react. The amygdala receives the information and the central nucleus of the amygdala coordinates physiological and behavioral emotional responses (LeDoux & Muller, 1997). Expanding on Pavlov's classical conditioning resea


Smart contracts have emerged as a key element in blockchain technology, offering a new paradigm for managing projects and executing transactions in a decentralized manner. This article explores the role of smart contracts in blockchain-based project management, highlighting their potential to streamline processes, reduce costs, and increase transparency and trust among stakeholders. The article analyzes the benefits and limitations of using smart contracts in project management and provides insights into the various use cases and applications of smart contracts, such as decentralized autonomous organizations, supply chain management, and project funding. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges and risks associated with smart contracts, including security, scalability, and regulatory compliance. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of smart contracts in blockchain-based project management and its implications for the future of the industry.


Interfacial reactions of cobalt thin films on BF+2 ‐implanted (001)Si have been studied by both cross‐sectional and plan‐view transmission electron microscopy as well as by sheet resistance measurements. The implantation‐amorphous samples were found to favor the formation of CoSi2 at 400 °C and laterally uniform growth of the phase at higher temperatures. Two discrete layers of fluorine bubbles were observed in cobalt silicides in all BF+2 ‐implanted samples annealed at 400–800 °C. In 800–900 °C annealed samples, large bubbles were often observed to distribute near the CoSi2 grain boundaries. The results indicated that (1) fluorine atoms diffuse rapidly at a temperature as low as 400 °C, and (2) appreciable amounts of fluorine atoms are present with low solubility in cobalt silicides after annealing at 400–900 °C. The residual interstitial defects in BF+2 ‐implanted samples were completely annihilated by CoSi2 formation at 800–900 °C. The elimination of all interstitial defects in these samples is attribu...


The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Environmental Protective Agency, and the Department of Energy (DOE) each publish radiological health effects risk assessment methodologies. Other papers have reviewed the concepts and methodology related to these risk assessments. This paper illustrates the application of the DOE methodology to an actual site, the Mound Plant in Miamisburg, Ohio. The primary objective of the project was to calculate the residual radioactive material soil guidelines that will be used to determine the soil cleanup criteria for the Mound Plant. The soil guidelines are expressed in concentration units, becquerels per kilogram (picocuries per gram), of above-background levels of a radionuclide in the soil. The soil guidelines for DOE sites are developed by following the DOE methodology as described in RESRAD. Other computer programs, such as GEN 11 or CAP 88 may be necessary for the comprehensive analysis at the site.


Objective To study the diagnostic value of imageology for pyelic carcinoma.Methods The accuracy of qualitative diagnosis and sensitivity were analyzed by comparing various imaging examinations in 19 patients with pathologically proved pyelic carcinomas.Results Irregular filling defect and hydronephrosis were seen in the renal pelvis and calyces on intravenous pyelography(IVP).On CT scan,when the tumor was small,soft tissue mass was in the renal pelvis and the calyces.When the renal parenchyma involved by tumors,the soft tissue masses with unhomogeneous density,liquefaction necrosis in the renal pelvis and the parenchyma were seen.On contrast-enhanced CT scan,enhancement from slight to moderate was found in the lesion.The lesions were detected by IVP in 9/12 cases,by BUS in 10/16 cases,by CT in 18/19 cases and by MRI in 3/3 cases.Conclusion IVP and CT are the first method of choice to diagnose the pyelic carcinoma,BUS can be used as a screening method.While in evaluating the tumor involving the parenchyma of the ren or distant metastasis,CT and MRI are superior to IVP.


Clitics have received great attention in recent years. Articles dealingwith their syntactic or prosodic structure enrich the literature. Butthe question we are raising here is about where clitics take prosodicstatus. Is it in the lexical or in the postlexical component?We will argue that clitics are prosodized in the postlexicalcomponent. Arguments will be provided for the difference betweenthe prefix that belongs to the Phonological Word formed in thelexical component and the clitic that belongs to the Clitic Group.The most important evidence that supports the idea that the cliticdoes not belong to the phonological word comes from Elision, asandhi rule, that applies between words including clitics.


This paper was written to investigate the order of discoveries made in chemistry leading up to the discovery of the periodic table. New experimental techniques, such as the pneumatic trough, voltaic pile, spectroscopy, and potassium analysis led to the discovery of many new elements and their properties which enabled the discovery of the periodic table. The discoveries led to the demise of the classical theory of the elements, to the end of the phlogiston theory and to the creation of the modern ideas of the elements and of the atomic theory. The paper shows the discoveries were made in a necessary and inevitable order with new experimental techniques leading to the discovery of new elements which eventually led to the discovery of the periodic table. This paper conducts a study of the History of Chemistry from the Phlogiston Theory to the Periodic Table. It traces the changes and new discoveries made in chemistry from the 18th century to the second half of the 19th century. It examines the chemical revolution of the late 18th century, the discovery of new elements and theories, which eventually led to the development of the periodic table. It concludes with an analysis of the order of the discoveries made in chemistry during that period. It notes that many of the discoveries had to occur in a particular order and that the order of those discoveries was inevitable. This is a conclusion consistent with that stated in my website How Change Happens: A Theory of Philosophy of History, Social Change and Cultural Evolution. A new scientific attitude had begun to appear in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries but this had little effect on chemistry until the 18th century. In the 18th century methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of minerals improved resulting in the discovery of new compounds and elements. The blowpipe became a common laboratory tool while the practice of weighing precipitated salts was introduced by Torben Bergman when analyzing mineral waters. This practice was improved by Klaproth who heated the salts to dryness before weighing them, which produced more accurate results. Klaproth also began the practice of reporting the actual percentage composition, as produced by his analysis, regardless of whether it totaled 100% and this allowed the discovery of errors in analysis and to the discovery of new elements in the materials analyzed. The new laboratory methods led to the discovery of new elements such as cobalt (1735), platinum (1740-1741), zinc (1746), nickel (1754), bismuth (1757), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1781) tellurium (1782), tungsten (1785) and chromium (1798). The oxides of zirconium, strontium, titanium and yttrium were also discovered. Many of the new substances were metals and this led to the demise of the ancient doctrine of seven metals. In the second half of the 18th century Carl Scheele discovered hydrofluoric acid and the compounds hydrogen cyanide, lactic citric and malic acid and glycerol. The phlogiston theory was introduced by Becker and Strahl in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The theory considered all combustible substances contained phlogiston which was lost to the air during the process of combustion. A limited amount of air could only absorb a limited amount of phlogiston, which explained why combustion ceased, if only a limited amount of air was available. Combustion would also cease as soon as substances ran out of phlogiston. The phlogiston released into the air was absorbed by plants, which were eaten by animals, so that the phlogiston was recycled into known combustible materials.


Although the implementation of e-government in the government system in Indonesia has been running for almost decades, in practice, there are still many local government units, mainly villages and sub-districts, that encounter technical problems. The main obstacle faced by the village/sub-district government is the capacity of human resources and the availability of budgeting to support the use of information systems. Based on this issue, the Government Science Department, in collaboration with the Community Service Program (KKN) of UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi students in 2021, held the e-government workshop for villages/sub-districts governments in Jambi Province with the theme "Utilizing Google Features to Support the Implementation of e-Government at the Village/sub-district Level." The organizer considered these features can overcome the problems of limited budget and human resource capacity because Google's features, apart from being accessible for free, are also quite familiar, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. The introductory workshop takes about four hours, with offers of further assistance for villages/sub-district who will establish an advanced program. During August-September 2021, the workshop was held in six villages/sub-district spread over three regencies, namely Tanjung Jabung Timur (one village), Muaro Jambi (two villages), and Batanghari (two villages and one sub-district). In this workshop, village/sub-district officials are directly guided to create several online administrative services.


When asked to prepare this biography, I took the occasion to review my life and realized that I have spent it unable to decide whether to be a scientist or an engineer and whether to be in academia or industry. As a student at the Bronx High School of Science in New York, I was clearly on the engineering side. I found both challenge and satisfaction in making calculations that could be tested against reality by building a device. I wasn't satisfied with having something rigkt 'fin theory;" I wanted to see it work. I loved designing, building, and testing electronic equipment, obtained a government license as a "Radio Engineer," and later worked in rac,io ,~ations. In 1957 1 entered a1~ engineering school, Carnegie Institute of Technology, but chose to study science (physics); I thought that studying science would be the way to learn the truth about the universe. Two years later I realized that the truth being sought by rr:y teachers was an extra decimal place of precision in the estimated weight of electrons. I was left cold by discussions of un~estable, or difficult to test, theories. I was lured to Engineering by a teacher, Everard M. Williams, who convinced me that by .,~aying that the greatest challenge in the world was solving real problems. I received my undergraduate degree in Electrica:~ Engineering in 1961. Even before I grmtuated, I was allowed to teach an introductory EE course and discovered the joy, indeed the thrill, of teaching engineering. However, teaching engineering convinced me that the real problem was that my students did not understand how to use mathematics. In yet another sign of indecision, I asked ~o teach a mathematics course. I enjoyed the experience, and v~:ote a novel textbook, but lost interest after a major publisher offered to publish it. After obtaining m:~ e:agineering degree, I once again found myself attracted b3 t:ae idea of searching for simple truths and began my graduate studies in mathematics at the University of Michigar. This time, I learned more quickly; after one semester, I returned to Carnegie Tech, and engineering. Mathematics was indeed beautiful, but somehow too simple. I enjoyed its internal logic, but missed designing and testing the results against reality. In mathematics, the researchers make up all the rules; in engineering we must observe and exploit the natural laws of the universe. It was while teaching a course in …