Background and Aim: Antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus species causes several diseases in humans with infection recurrence in some cases. Handling of food under unhygienic conditions resulted in transmission of pathogens to food leading to risks for consumers' health. This work studies the possible role of humans in transmission of human pathogens to food products. In this study, we focused on the presence of antimicrobial resistance Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae found in respiratory patients and in some meat products. We detected the risk factors for patient's infection and examined the antibacterial effect of oregano oil nanoemulsion (ONE) at different concentrations against the multi-drug resistance strains of streptococci. Materials and Methods: Microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction were used to identify S. pyogenes, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae in 120 throat swab samples and 200 meat products. The disk diffusion method was used for investigating the prevalence of resistance against 10 antimicrobials that are commonly used in the treatment of humans and animals. ONE at four concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0%) with an average particle size of 45.4 nm was identified using transmission electron microscopy. The effect of ONE on Streptococcus species isolates was examined using the well diffusion method. Risk factors for human infection were detected using statistical analysis. Results: S. pyogenes, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae were detected in 14 (11.7%), 9 (7.5%), and 7 (5.8%), respectively, of 120 throat swabs of patients. These bacteria were also detected in 11 (5.5%), 8 (4%), and 6 (3%), respectively, of 200 meat products samples. Beef  luncheon had the highest infection rate for the three species of streptococci. The majority of these isolates showed resistance to antimicrobials such as tetracycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. ONE had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. pyogenes, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae, and its effect was significantly increased at a high concentration (3%), with a mean inhibition zone of 36.45±0.302 mm. Very young and old patients, those with chronic diseases, and those exposed to the infection several times were most susceptible to infection. Conclusion: ONE may be used as a therapeutic agent at safe and specific doses, and also in the food industry, to prevent the spoilage of food and protect human health.


In the present work we have made a critical review of the philosophical proposal of Norwood R. Hanson with the aim of exposing the limits of its theoretical approach on the problem of interpretation in science. The first part of this work exposes the hansonian project, looking for evidence of his contributions to the philosophy of science and scientific thinking. In the following two sections we present a critique to his philosophical proposal. We present two exercises of philosophical reflection that constitute two complementary moments of analysis. On one hand, at the level of methodological analysis, we present a discussion about how the "reversible perspective figures" that have been used for the author as arguments to explain his philosophical proposal, are insufficient to the description of the process of observation and interpretation. On the other hand, at the theoretical level, we question his notion of language and categories to show that his theoretical proposed "vision-interpretation" has based on epistemological and analytic notions. From this perspective, it will be shown that the "hermeneutical-interpretative" approach of Hanson is incomplete, since it does not develop towards an ontology of language and observation.


We study the creeping flow of a dilute, monodisperse polystyrene/oligomeric styrene Boger fluid through axisymmetric abrupt contraction-expansions of various contraction ratios and over a wide range of Deborah numbers. Measurements of the entry pressure drop for the polystyrene solution increase monotonically with Deborah number and are substantially larger than those observed for a similar Newtonian fluid. Axisymmetric flow-induced birefringence measurements upstream of the 4:1:4 contraction-expansion show a region of strong polymer chain extension which increases in strength and in size with Deborah number. Downstream measurements reveal a region of axial compression whose size and position are independent of Deborah number.


An account of the historical development of the common law of landed property. Work published since the first edition (1961) is taken into account, and the treatment of the nineteenth century period has been enlarged.


arising in the extradural components of sacral or coccygeal nerve roots at the junction of the dorsal root ganglion as described first by Tarlov in 1938. Sacral perineural cysts are usually found incidentally during imaging modalities or at autopsy (1). However, on rare occasions Tarlov cysts may be symptomatic and appropriate surgical treatment should be performed according to appropriate patient selection. The authors reported a case of symptomatic sacral perineural cyst diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microsurgical treatment performed by fenestration and imbrication of the cyst.


Revolutionary potential, especially in the form of sustained political organization of the left, has been effectively forestalled throughout the history of the United States. The last decade and a half has presented us with an example of &dquo;stopping the revolution&dquo; before it got started, or of what Marcuse (1972: 1) called preventive counterrevolution. Assassinations, urban protest riots, &dquo;black power&dquo; politics, student and antiwar demonstrations, the New Left movement, and the rapid growth of crime jarred the country, but they all hardly added up to any kind of revolutionary challenge. Still, the fearful political reaction such developments inspired was certainly repressive and could be considered an attempt to inhibit these phenomena from ever emerging into the beginnings of a revolutionary threat.


The article considers the peculiarities of pictorial composition and outstanding rhythm as the main organizing principle. It defines the side pictorial composition, which is applied rhythm.


The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of athletic training education as an academic discipline, showing how formal education has evolved for professionals in the field of athletic training. The roots of athletic training education can be traced to the mid-1950s. From that period, athletic training has changed immensely, and the field continues to change. The study explores the relationship between the development of higher education and the way athletic training has evolved as a discipline within higher education. Much of the focus is on change, not only changes made from the inception of the field as a discipline, but the possible changes in the future. Contemporary change theories are related to the development of the field. The development of athletic training as a discipline is in the context of changes that have brought higher education from a curriculum deeply rooted in the classics to one that is both more liberal and more practical. The rise in interest in college athletics was accompanied by the need for educated professionals to meet the needs of student athletes. (Contains 26 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Descriptive History of the Discipline of Athletic Training Education PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANT D BY e.0 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) by Scott M. Lisher, ATC/L A Thesis U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Of/ ice ot Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) /This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of the Arts Degree of The Graduate School at Rowan University, May 1, 2002 Approved by Professor


The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6-GeV, ultralow-emittance kilometre-scale storage ring light source to be built in China. In this paper, the progress of the error and correction effect study on HEPS over the past one year will be presented, including error requirement and correction progress update. And beam performance evaluation with static error and correction on orbit, optics, emittance and dynamic aperture will be presented.


This research is focused on methodical appraisal and long lasting use of feed stocks for manufacture of biodiesel. Biodiesel is a good substitute to petroleum diesel because of its environmentally friendly constituents. They are renewable, sustainable with high oxygen content. Production of biodiesel form various feedstock's using a suitable and affordable catalyst have also been reported in this review. They are produced by the reaction of a free fatty acid with an alcohol using a suitable catalyst at appropriate conditions with suitable parameters. Consideration of sundry or assorted materials for production of biodiesel became necessary in order to have an idea of quality yield of biodiesel from different materials. It is equally important to note that one of the most common input parameters for accelerating the yield of biodiesel is feed stocks. The most prevalent is catalyst, which vary for biodiesel production. There are various catalyst for biodiesel production ranging from base catalyst, acid catalyst and many more. This research delves into sustainable production of biodiesel from diverse categories and the effects of the produced biodiesel on the fuel properties. Various breakthroughs have been recorded from different researchers to increase biodiesel as a vital fuel for engines. In addition to its tremendous capacity to evacuate various problems from the environment like the greenhouse gases and global warming, they are also very affordable and renewable. Biodiesel will play a vital role in the energy investment and contribute tremendously to the increase in the local and industrial automobile economy for the future.


The past twenty years saw the high growth and volatility of China's macro economy;but the volatility was much smaller after 2000.Using the macroeconomic data from 1992 to 2011 in China,this paper empirically estimates the price rule and quantity rule of monetary policy.The results show that the response of exchange rate in monetary policy rules is not obvious and the response of quantity rule to output and inflation is more significant than the response of price rule.In 2000,monetary policy rules in China experienced a structural change;the response of monetary policy in China to inflation has a dynamic time-varying feature and the quantity rule is more effective than the price rule in monetary policy regulation.


Direction of arrival (DOA) based localization is widely applied in interferer localization. However, conventional terrestrial DOA estimation suffers from multi-path effects and shadow fading, while the UAV-based measurement on the shortwave and the very high frequency (VHF) band is subject to stringent constraints on the weight, size and power consumption of the payloads. This paper proposes to place an directional antenna at a pan-and-tilt positioner to measure and collect RSS values for DOA estimation. Nevertheless, to address such a three-dimensional (3-D) DOA estimation, conventional estimation methods based on solving a least square minimization problem suffer high computational complexity. As a countermeasure, this paper proposes an image processing-based DOA estimation. Benefiting from image denoising and a proposed k-means clustering-based image segmentation, the proposed approach can outperform various baseline schemes, in terms of estimation accuracy, especially in the low signal-to-noise regions. Compared to the conventional estimation method, the proposed approach can significantly decrease the average running time.


ICT-led developments have created new opportunities and challenges for libraries in creation, promotion, dissemination and storage of information. A study was conducted to investigate websites of agricultural universities in South India and analyzed their content, navigational strengths and weaknesses etc. This paper gives a detailed account of the study and offers suggestions for developing and managing better library web sites.


The adulteration practice of high price oils such as pumpkin seed oils (PSO) with lower
ones could be motivated by economic gains. The objective of this study was to apply
FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of multivariate calibrations and
discriminant analysis for the authentication of PSO. A total of fifteen oils were scanned
using FTIR spectrophotometer at mid-infrared regions (4000-650 cm-1
) and subjected to
principal component analysis (PCA) using absorbance values at whole mid-IR regions to
know oil having a close similarity to PSO in terms of FTIR spectra. Two multivariate
calibrations namely principle component regression (PCR) and partial least square
regression (PLSR) along with FTIR spectra modes (normal, derivative-1, and derivative2) were optimized to get the best prediction models. In addition, discriminant analysis
(DA) was used for classification of PSO and PSO adulterated with oil adulterant. The
results showed that among 15 oils, sesame oil (SeO) had the closer score plot in terms of
the first principle component and second principle components with that of PSO. Based on
the statistical parameters selected (higher R2
and lowest errors), FTIR spectra in derivative
-1 mode at wavenumbers of 1800-663 cm-1 were selected for quantification of PSO in SeO
with coefficient of determination (R) values of 0.9998 and 0.9994 in calibration and
validation models, respectively. The values of root mean square error of calibration
(RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction obtained were 0.003% and 0.006%,
respectively. DA using 10 principle components could clearly discriminate PSO and PSO
adulterated with SeO with accuracy levels of 100%. FTIR spectroscopy in combination
with chemometrics could be an effective means to detect the adulteration of PSO with
SeO.


Objective:To find out that if the appointed registration shortened the waiting time of patient.Methods:A random sampling survey that included 826 outpatients of five departments was carried out to calculate the waiting time.Another random questionnaire survey that included 99 outpatients of pharmacy was carried out to count the psychological and expected waiting time.Results:The median of waiting time of patients with appointment was 34 minutes,47 minutes without appointment,and the differences had statistical significance.The psychological waiting times of two kinds of patients had no differences,but the expected waiting time of them had differences.Conclusion:Appointed registration is an effective way to reducing waiting time.


For the general practitioner, it is difficult to follow the lines of development of medical ideas in the different fields of medicine unless extreme care is taken in the presentation of facts and of doctrine. One must always bear in mind that the division of subjects in different branches of medical knowledge and their classification is done only for convenience, and does not exist in nature. Such is the conception of separation between nutrition and endocrinology and the classification of nutritional disorders into "exogenous" and "endogenous"; by "exogenous" those cases are meant which are caused by the ingestion of an excessive or an insufficient amount of food and by "endogenous" those derived from an endocrine disturbance. It is true that one may find some cases which can be really recognized as exogenous and, in the other extreme, cases which can be recognized as endogenous, but such clearcut classification breaks down


To understand the mechanisms that affect aneuploidy, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using chromosome-specific centromeric probes, was employed to screen a large population of human sperm for numerical errors. To determine the true rate of disomy for chromosomes 1, 12, 15, 18, two-color FISH was performed, and for the gonosomes, three-color FISH. The use of multiple, differently-colored probes allows one to distingish a true disomic sperm from a diploid cell. For each centromeric probe, a minimum of 10,000 sperm nuclei for each of five donors was scored, giving a total count of 165,330 sperm nuclei. The incidence of disomic sperm for the sex chromosomes was significantly increased as compared to the frequency for the autosomes ({chi}{sup 2}=232.3, p<0.001), confirming the results observed in studies of sperm karyotypes and spontaneous abortions. The disomy frequencies for autosomes 1, 12, 15, and 18 were found to be uniform. Inter-donor heterogeneity for disomy frequencies was found to exist for the sex chromosomes and for chromosomes 1 and 15, suggesting significant variation among normal men.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of amiodarone in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with coronary heart disease. Methods Forty six cases of inpatient diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias with coronary heart disease from April 2009 to June 2011 in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group 23 cases in each. Admission received active antiarrhythmic therapy, 1 month before receiving amiodarone treatment, without the use of other antiarrhythmic drugs. Experimental group was given amiodarone injection of 200 mg/time, 3 times/d, even for a week, then changed to 200 mg/time, 2 times/d, even for a week, after the 200 mg/time, 1 time/d, after the reduction under the patient's condition gradually; the control group was treated with propafenone 150 mg/time, 3 times/d. All patients received maintenance therapy for two months, compared two groups of clinical treatment. Results The experimental group of 23 patients, 12 cases were markedly effective, 9 cases were effective, 2 cases were not effective, the total number of valid cases in 21 cases, total effective rate was 90.30%; the control group of 23 patients, 8 cases were markedly effective, 7 cases were effective, 8 cases were not effective, the total number of valid cases in 15 cases, total effective rate was 65.22%, there was statistically difference between the two groups (P0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion Treatment of coronary heart disease with ventricular arrhythmias amiodarone effect is significant, safe and reliable. However, the clinical use must be strictly in accordance with indications to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.


The effect of a single topical application of several nitroarenes (1-nitropyrene, nitropyrenes mixture, nitrobenzo(ghi)perylenes mixture, 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NF), nitrofluoranthenes mixture (NFM), and nitroperylenes mixture (NPM) and their corresponding parent arenes was studied for their effect on hepatic drug and carcinogen metabolism in neonatal rats. All compounds caused highly significant induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (ERD), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities, and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) metabolism. The induction by each nitroarene was significant when compared to controls or to their corresponding parent non-nitrated arenes. 1-Nitropyrene was least effective in this regard. The inducing effect of NFM and NP was closely similar to 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Benzphentamine N-demethylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activities and the levels of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b/sub 5/ remained uncharged following treatment with arenes or nitroarenes. However, a shift of approximately 1 nm to the blue region in the absorption of P-450 was observed in nitroarenes-treated animals. A single topical or parenteral administration of 3-NF or NFM to adult rats also resulted in significant induction of ERD and AHH activities and BP metabolism. The parent arene, fluoranthene was ineffective in this regard. The authors studies suggest that nitroarenes are inducers of hepatic monooxygenases and they resemble the 3-MCmore » type of inducers in rats.« less


Educational subsidies play an important role in the implementation of tasks related to the education process and are paid to private entities that run non-public schools and institutions. The experience of recent years shows frequent cases of irregularities in the calculation of grant amounts by local government units, which led to legal action by entities running schools and non-public institutions. This study analyses the legal grounds for claims by private entities regarding subsidies related to improper determination of their amount by local governments. A grant claim may be based on various legal bases and may take the form of a performance claim, a claim for damages based on tort and contractual liability. The choice of a specific legal basis carries further consequences for entities running schools and non-public institutions. Pursuing a claim regarding a subsidy as a claim for performance of an obligation raises a problem related to the possible settlement of receivables obtained as subsidies and paid after the settlement period. On the other hand, pursuing a claim for damages is associated with difficulties in the manner of determining the damage.


Summary. Recent studies on sera from patients with aplastic anaemia show it to contain both stimulators and inhibitors of granulopoiesis. We have examined the serum of patients with aplastic anaemia in a short‐term liquid culture system of human bone marrow which permits CFU‐C proliferation.


The present invention relates to modular pressure for a beverage dispensing system and a module for the system. The present invention relates to a module (28) A modular pressure distribution system (8) comprises a plurality of modules for. Module (28) comprising: a frame (60, 60 ', 61, 61'), which defines the outer periphery of the outer circumference and defining a space; the pressure chamber for receiving a beverage container (68) (22) the pressure chamber is disposed in the space. The module further includes a first type connector provided on the outer periphery (46) and the second type of connector (48). A fluid path (47) is formed communicating from the first type to the fluid connector in the second connector type. The first connector (46) can be connected to a second type of connector of an adjacent module (48) of the connector, the connector is adapted to receive a first type of pressure fluid from the pressure fluid source. The second type is adapted to connect the pressure fluid passed to a first type of an adjacent module connectors. The module further includes a third type connector (66), which is in fluid communication with a first type connector, and providing pressure fluid to the pressure chamber (22).


This article emphasizes the importance of risk-taking by students and teachers as a way to gaining a better understanding of mathematics. The issue is discussed with reference to a game using a three six-sided dice that leads to the discovery and better comprehension of triangular numbers. The students investigate the connectedness of mathematical concepts from different perspectives, take risks in order to support their hypothesis, and discover new aspects of mathematics.


Summary The workshop provided an opportunity for participants to expand their knowledge of the World Wide Web and become better Web authors through exploring advanced Web authoring topics in a hands-on environment. The workshop began with a discussion of ideas for creative linking within and between documents, special character formatting, creating graphics, and coding tables. The second part of the workshop provided information on how to use external media, Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts, and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) editors and converters.


Two housing systems for fattening pigs in separate compartments were compared on their suitability for the animals. The first one was conventional; the second developed as an alternative housing system. To assess the playing and exploring behaviour in both


5060 Background: A pooled analysis of efficacy with Tr as second/third line in 295 ROC pts demonstrated a median time to progression (TTP) of 4.6 months (mo) (McMeekin, ASCO 2007). Pts sensitive to...


In the manufacturing environment, the process of order planning is on-going as a result of more orders coming in from customers. To process the orders, raw materials are needed, and these are limited and need to be utilised efficiently in a sustainable manner. A tool, based on fuzzy logic was developed to aid textile weaving production management in decision support. Matlab 7.8.347(r2009a) was used to develop the fuzzy logic module. The tool is capable of providing an optimum number of orders that can be processed in the weaving shed given the raw material in stock and the number of orders received from customers. A verification of the model showed that from the orders that were received and the available raw material in stock, 80% of the orders could be processed instead of only 50% that were currently being processed, indicating 30% possible improvement in production, and 1.2% improvement in daily profit.


The present study is an extension of work begun in 1955 on the comparative effects of radiation on various species of Coleoptera (see Howden, 1957). The first species investigated, Onthophagus lexanus Schaeffer, belonged to that large group of Coleoptera that possess relatively fixed food habits and a low reproductive capacity. Trogodertna sternale (family Dermestidae), the species considered in this paper, is labile in its food needs and has a high reproductive capacity, which characterizes it as belonging to the group of insects that often are of economic importance.


On behalf of the Malaysian delegation, I am pleased to be here today at this forum with the theme "Linking United Kingdom & Malaysia: Opportunities and Solutions in Fundraising and Investments". It is a great opportunity to jointly organise this event with TheCityUK which we hope will further enhance Malaysia-UK relationship in Islamic finance and strengthen the investment and financial ties between the two countries.


Based on theories about service products and enterprises,the authors analyzed the quality characteristics and quality control of game service products of professional sports tournaments.Through their study the authors drew the following conclusions: essentially the quality of game service products is closely related to the characteristics of the game process and the games themselves;the quality control of game service products is carried out according to the characteristics of consumer need and professional sports tournaments,via the design of game service products and the jobs done in quantity control,organization and improvement;their quality control is carried out via a series of measures before games service product supply,but not implemented during service supply.The quality evaluation of game service products is carried out based on the standard to maintain a balance of sports competition between the members;the more balanced the competition,the higher the quality of game service products.


Aim:  This study was undertaken to study bacterial strains obtained directly for their efficient direct control of the avocado white root rot, thus avoiding prescreening by any other possible mechanism of biocontrol which could bias the selection.


A computer aided design/synthesis procedure for array antennas of the slotted waveguide type is described. It differs from earlier contributions to this topic in that it uses theoretically evaluated self-admittances, rather than measured self-admittances, for the individual broadwall slots in the array. By adopting the moment method to generate the slot self-admittances, it is shown that accuracies which are comparable with those obtained from a measurement based procedure can be achieved.


Magnetic porous polymer microspheres were prepared by using biomacromolecule sodium alginate and magnetic Fe3O4 particles. Polyethylene glycol was involved in preparation procedure as a pore-forming agent.The microspheres were applied to immobilize papain via cross-linking method for catalysing the hydrolysis of protein. The formation of the porous structure improvedthe papain immobilization yield. In comparison to the free papain, the immobilized papain exhibited enhanced optimum pH, higher thermal stability and activity over the studied temperature 30°C -70°Cin casein hydrolysis. The immobilized papain retained nearly 72% of residual activity after repeating the casein hydrolysis reaction seven times. The apparent Km increased after papain immobilization.Magnetic porous alginate microspheres can be potentially used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization for constructing efficient catalysts for industrial biocatalysis.


Our faculty struggle with the complexities of video content creation for their online and blended courses. It can be costly to provide necessary equipment and software to multiple users and time-intensive to train users on these systems. In response, we have converted a small, unused space on our campus into a self-service multi-purpose recording studio that supports mini lecture captures, interviews, and screencasting. In this presentation, we will present use cases for this space, describe the logistics and equipment needs involved, and describe a range of equipment options appropriate for a variety of budgets.
Following this presentation, participants will:

Recognize the barriers to faculty created video content for online and blended courses
Identify the space and equipment needs for a recording studio tailored to the needs of your institution
Describe how such a studio can be used to meet the needs of faculty.


A striking feature of international democracy support is the connection between a country's domestic experience with democracy and the shape of its efforts to promote democracy beyond its borders. The nature of a state's democratic transition inevitably influences how it perceives and interacts with transition processes in other countries. In addition, the specific form of its own democratic institutions will condition how it seeks to support institutional reform in other countries. NON-WESTERN ROOTS OF INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY SUPPORT


Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Government agencies are increasingly interested in accelerating cycleway infrastructure to achieve co-benefits of increased physical activity, transport efficiencies, and reduced greenhouse emissions. Comprehensive evidence supports this policy direction, yet delivery of infrastructure in many cities remains slow, fragmented, and wrought with political struggle. Political forces, rather than a lack of evidence, appear to be the key challenge to implementing active transport policies. In this study we used Kingdon's multiple stream theory to examine the policy development process that led to the rapid installation of pop-up cycleways in Sydney (Australia) in response to COVID-19. Takeaway for practice Significant disruption to regular transport services induced by the COVID-19 pandemic created a policy window where political expediency resulted in rapid implementation of active transport–friendly policy and legislative changes. The policy realignment occurred due to increased government agency collaboration and the elevation of cycling to an unprecedented level of priority within government. This study shows the value of ongoing commitment to evidence-based policy solutions to clearly identified urban challenges despite institutional barriers, the need to develop political alliances for when opportunities for policy change arise, and the need to swiftly capitalize on these policy windows when they open. This case study provides insights for cycling policy development in jurisdictions traditionally burdened by skepticism and reluctance to implement bicycle infrastructure by revealing the multivalent nature of policy adoption.


The ion formation mechanism in electrospray MS is reviewed, with special focus on the electrochemical red/ox reactions responsible for the formation of radical molecular ions. Prerequisites influencing the likelihood of formation and observation of a particular compound as an open-shell molecular species in ESI-MS (i.e., the structure and the oxidation potential of the analyte, the solvent and additives) are evaluated. For illustration of the ESI phenomena governing radical cation formation, an ESI-MS study of tetra(aryl)benzidine compounds is presented. The facile formation of abundant radical molecular cations in ESI-MS demonstrates imposingly that the basicity of the analyte's nitrogen atoms is strongly overcompensated by the ability to stabilize unpaired electrons. ESI-MSn spectra of the tetra(aryl)benzidine molecular ions exhibit a characteristic feature in the loss of radicals. This process is the major fragmentation pathway of open-shell molecular precursor ions in their MS2 spectra, and also that of even-electron ions in sequential MSn spectra. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) behaviour suggests a general assumption: easily oxidizable compounds (e.g., hydrocarbon polyenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, porphyrins etc.) generating predominantly molecular radical cations in ESI-MS contradict the even electron rule in ESI-MSn experiments. The strong ability to stabilize unpaired electrons is preserved in product ions and makes the formation of open-shell species energetically less demanding. A selection of solution-phase reaction mechanistic studies in which open-shell intermediates were detected and structurally characterized by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS, respectively, is presented. The merits of ESI-MS and ESI-MSn for mechanistic studies of chemical reaction are critically discussed.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


Underground structure is generally at low temperature by the influence of underground soil temperature. During summer season when the relative humidity is very high, condensation risk increases at the underground structure. Sufficient outdoor air induction into the underground space with high air temperature is expected to decrease the condensation risk by increasing the surface temperature of underground structure. This study evaluated the wall temperature change by the ventilation rate variation in the underground space.


Adversarial examples are an effective method that can be leveraged to attack machine learning systems. The primary defensive method, adversarial training, is a simplistic approach when applied without optimization. In this paper we propose a novel method, evolutionary multi-objective optimization genetic adversarial training (EMO-GAT), that enables the development of a more robust model by performing evolutionary adversarial training using multiple types of adversarial examples. We demonstrate that EMO-GAT outperforms both traditional adversarial training and genetic adversarial training (GAT).


In this work an application of the CAREA model is presented for the evaluation of the population exposure to pesticides emitted by agricultural fields. CAREA is a Gaussian air dispersion model based on a simplification of the AERMOD formulation because AERMOD is hardly applicable on an high number of complex polygons. CAREA was applied to pesticides emitted by 1519 agricultural fields and considering 2584 receptors distributed on an area of 8430 km 2 . CAREA was run with an hourly time step from March to September. CAREA output provided, for each receptor, a relative concentration value that was assumed proportional to the receptor exposure. The analysis of the results showed a smooth exposure distribution with 46% of non-exposed receptors instead of the cut off distribution achieved by proximity models. Finally, an experimental measurement campaign was carried out in order to find suitable distances for the assessment of population exposure. To this aim, the air concentration of a pesticide was evaluated by an high volume sampler equipped by quartz fibre filters for aerosols. An AERMOD simulation was performed in order to assess the spatial distribution of the concentration over a test site, thus an experiment was carried out in order to assess the differences between the two models.


The front-loading washing machine is an integral part of household life for many, with little notice given to the extensive interplay of physical, chemical and thermal phenomena taking place as the clothes inside tumble. With over 250 billion washes carried out annually in Europe a lone, it has a staggering environmental impact due to its energy and water usage and also due to the chemicals that are drained to the sewage system at the end of a wash. There are two practical routes for reducing this impact; improving the design of the machine so that it requires less energy or water, or improving detergent formulations so that the required level of cleaning is achieved at lower temperatures and with a reduced input of product. The work presented in this study was initially carried out with the aim of designing better detergent formulations. A long the way, the results also enabled new tools for better washing machine design to be developed. For both routes, the basic requirement was to develop an understanding of the mechanisms which result in mechanical cleaning of textiles, which is the focus of results presented in this study.


Hippocampus plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Protein kinase C (PKC), a kinase whose isoforms are abundant in hippocampus, has been also implicated in memory formation both in invertebrates and mammalian models, but few is known about the exact role of specific PKC isoenzymes in this process. It is also known that the non competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 impairs memory while the nitric oxide (NO) donors facilitate memory in various animal models.
The present study had three purposes: first, to show the presence and the activation of PKC isoenzymes in rat hippocampus after intrahippocampal administration of TPA, a non selective PKC activator, using subcellural fractionation in hippocampal tissue and immunohistochemistry, second, to investigated the putative role of ePKC isoenzyme in recognition memory in the object recognition test in rats, using isoenzyme-specific inhibitory and activating peptides reversibly conjugated to the TAT47–57 carrier peptide and finally, to investigate the efficacy of the nitric oxide donor, molsidomine, in counteracting the MK-801-induced memory effects in rat, using the same behavioural test.
First, we demonstrated the presence and the activation of classic and novel PKC isoforms in rats hippocampus after intrahippocampal infusion of TPA. Second, the results for ePKC suggest that, intraperitoneal injection of the ePKC inhibitory peptide, eV1-2, impairs recognition memory in the object recognition test in rats. Interestingly, intraperitoneal administration of the ePKC activator peptide, ψeRACK, improves memory only when the peptide is injected prior to training, but has no effect in rats' performance when the peptide is administered post training. We also demonstrated that the amnesiac effect of eV1-2 can be eliminated when ψeRACK is co administered. Finally, we showed that post-training administration of molsidomine (at 4 but not 2 mg/kg) successfully antagonize MK-801-induced performance deficits in the object recognition memory test.
Our findings indicate that (a) PKC isoforms are present in rat hippocampus and can be activated by local infusion of TPA, (b) ePKC is implicated in recognition memory in rats and points towards the use of systematically administered PKC regulating peptides as putative therapeutic agents for memory disorders and (c) a nitric oxide component modulates the effects of NMDA receptor hypofunction on learning and memory.%%%%Ο ιππόκαμπος διαδραματίζeι ένα σημαντικό ρόλο στις διαδικασίeς μάθησης και μνήμης στα θηλαστικά. Η πρωτeϊνική κινάση C (PKC), οι ισομορφές της οποίας απαντώνται σe αφθονία στον ιππόκαμπο, eμπλέκeται στο σχηματισμό της μνήμης. Λίγα στοιχeία όμως υπάρχουν για τον ακριβή ρόλο κάθe ισομορφής στη διαδικασία αυτή. Ακόμη, ο μη συναγωνιστικός ανταγωνιστής των NMDA υποδοχέων, MK-801, βλάπτeι τη μνήμη, eνώ οι δότeς μονοξeιδίου του αζώτου (ΝΟ) βeλτιώνουν τη μνήμη σe ζωικά μοντέλα μνήμης.
Στην παρούσα μeλέτη, αρχικά eπιδιώξαμe να δeίξουμe την παρουσία των ισομορφών της PKC στον ιππόκαμπο του eπίμυα και την eνeργοποίησή τους μeτά…


Abstract : The high susceptibility of guinea pigs to the enteral administration of vaccine strain M of Rickettsia burneti was established. The enteral administration of 60 ED50 (intraperitoneal) of vaccine strain M ensured the immunization of 50% of the guinea pigs. In the serum of guinea pigs, by the 20- -30th day following enteral immunization of 10 to the 4th power ED50 and by the 10--20th day when using 10 to the 6th power ED50 of strain M, complement-fixing antibodies appeared to the 2nd phase component of Rickettsia burneti. Guinea pigs, in whose serum complement-fixing antibodies were contained on the 20--30th day following enteral immunization, were non-susceptible to 10 to the 5th power ED50 of a virulent culture of Rickettsia burneti after 60--90 days. It is expedient to study the effectiveness of enteral immunization of persons against Q-fever with preparations of live vaccine of Rickettsia burneti (strain M).


To learn to work as editors, students must develop a diverse set of practical and metacognitive skills that far exceed proofreading strategies; however, teaching these is challenging because, as Tuffield (2015) and Johanson (2006) note, editing is a largely invisible practice. This challenge is amplified in an online context, where students work remotely and asynchronously, further concealing the labour involved in producing an edited text—and further amplified in the large, low-touch classes characteristic of Australian writing programs. In this paper, we assess the development and implementation of a vocationally-focussed editing class at an online university in Australia, and argue that by foregrounding metacognition and reflection while working with "live" texts (Dunbar 2017), instructors can effectively support the development of editing skills in large classes. However, implementing regular, low-stakes learning activities and focussing on metacognition challenged students' existing study practices, while the learning management system (LMS) did not always support such pedagogical strategies. We offer potential solutions—including managing student expectations, offering flexible timelines, and working against the grain of the LMS—for other instructors developing editing classes intended to support diverse students in large online courses.


FIAMODEL is a geographic information system (GIS program used to summarize Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA, USDA Forest Service) data such as volume. The model runs in ArcView and allows users to select FIA plots with heads-up-digitizing, overlays of digital map layers, or queries based on specific plot attributes.


Past research has provided evidence of hindsight bias in the NFL wagering market. Too much emphasis is placed on a team's performance in the previous season when placing bets on NFL games during the first week (Week 1) of the season. Building on this contribution, our study extends the examination of hindsight bias in NFL gaming markets by focusing on how bettors consider the information provided by Week 1 performance when betting in Week 2. Our findings suggest multiple market inefficiencies in the NFL gambling market in Week 2, providing the opportunity for profitable betting strategies.


This paper studies the performance of iterative multiuser decoding, interference cancellation, and channel estimation techniques applicable to third generation WCDMA systems. The concept uses a posteriori probabilities of code symbols to enhance detection, decoding and channel estimation in an iterative fashion. The performance is analyzed in a multipath channel with simulations. It is seen that the proposed concept combats multiuser interference effectively and performs almost as well as single user systems.


In a recent experiment, a Bose-Einstein condensate of {sup 7}Li has been excited by a harmonic modulation of the atomic s-wave scattering length via Feshbach resonance. By combining an analytical perturbative approach with extensive numerical simulations, we analyze the emerging nonlinear dynamics of the system on the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii level at zero temperature. Resulting excitation spectra are presented and prominent nonlinear features are found: mode coupling, higher harmonics generation, and significant shifts in the frequencies of collective modes. We indicate how nonlinear dynamical properties could be made clearly observable in future experiments and compared to our results.


> Should there be one view to govern us,
>
> To bind all thinking things?
>
> Does Science or God hold the torch,
>
> Do we have academic or celestial kings?

> If science shows itself to be the way
>
> How do we know we know at all?
>
> Is knowledge precision born of chaos
>
> Reality's sensorium-shaped spall?

> The thread that ties my premises
>
> Is no thread at all I could protest
>
> Simply proof that random perceptions and ideas
>
> Can seem threaded at reason's request

> And …


LED floodlight structure, which includes a non-adjustable stroke light screen (9) consisting of an optical zoom system, mounted on the free surface of the mask at a plurality of lenses (8), each of the lenses fitted in parallel to the bellows (6 a distal end, the inner telescopic tube -7) corresponding to the light source (4-5) is mounted.


Liposomes were prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) for investigation of their long-term stability. When egg PC liposomes were incubated at 40°C, lowering of the pH was observed with a corresponding change in appearance. This pH lowering was suggested to be induced by peroxidation of the unsaturated fatty acyl chains in egg PC because : 1) the pH lowering was prevented by incorporation of α-tocopherol into liposomes or bubbling nitrogen into the liposomal dispersion at neutral pH ; 2) the liposomes prepared from completely hydrogenated soya PC (CH-Soya PC) showed no change in pH under the same conditions. The relationship between the pH lowering and lipid peroxidation was also supported by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and the accumulation of carbonyl compounds in liposomes. The amount of TBA-RS reached a maximum after about 5 days' storage and then decreased gradually, while the pH lowering and production of carbonyl compounds in the liposomal dispersion continued for 20 d. These results indicate that production of TBA-RS does not directly correlate with pH lowering in the liposomal dispersion ; rather TBA-RS might be decomposed into secondary peroxidation products, such as carbonyl compounds, which may affect the pH of the liposomal dispersion


limited angle torque motors have various applications in industry and so, performance improvement of this actuators, has attracted considerable research subjects. This paper presents the analysis and numerical simulation of torque characteristics of the slotted limited angle torque motor. The effect of structure parameters on the torque characteristics is studied using finite element analysis. Moreover, an effective cogging torque suppression technique is applied to the motor. These analyses provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the slotted limited angle torque motors.


A proton NMR relaxation and pulsed field gradient self‐diffusion study of water in fibrin gels, plasma, and blood clots has been performed with special emphasis on the effect of the sol‐gel and shrinkage transitions. Deuteron NMR in fibrin gels was also studied to supplement the proton data. It is shown that a measurement of the water proton or deuteron T1 / T2 ratio allows for a determination of the bound water fraction in all these systems. The change in the T1 / T2 ratio at the shrinkage transition further allows for a determination of the surface fractal dimension of the gel if the change in the volume of the gel is known. The self‐diffusion coefficient of water in these systems, which determines the transport properties of the gel, is found to be proportional to the free water fraction in both the nonshrunken and shrunken state. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.


It is an accelerated Year 7 English class of 24 students. There is no EAL student in this class, but students differ in relation to their ways of learning and their abilities: some are visual learners while others are kinaesthetic learners. The diversity could be due to the equal gender ratio as boys in this class are more extroverted than girls, and tend to dominate class discussions. The class is predominantly Anglo-Australian, which is why I chose the text 'Parvana' (Ellis 2002), a book about an Afghan girl, thinking it would provide students with a great opportunity to draw cross-cultural connections between their own and Parvana's culture. As the school is located in the Northern suburbs where the community reflects diverse ethnic backgrounds (Arabic, Asian, Australian) the students would benefit from the reading of this text as it would give them a glimpse into the culture of the community in which they themselves live. With the world becoming a global village, I have taken the position that it is important students understand cultural diversity within and beyond their immediate experiences. The AusVELS curriculum (VCAA 2013) also stresses the need for establishing intercultural links with Asia and other communities.


An experiment was conducted during winter season (rabi) 1995-96 with rice (Oryza sativa L.) to investigate the distribution pattern of biomass among different tillers. The productive potential of individual tillers of 2 cultivars ('IR36' medium tall and 'Swarnaprabha' tall) at 4 different nitrogen levels (N 0 , N 30 , N 60 and N 90 ) were studied in terms of biomass partitioning, harvest index and proportion of high density grains. Vegetative phase partitioning of biomass in the mother shoot of'Swarnaprabha' was more in the order of culm > leaf sheath > and leafblade. But in 'IR 36' higher proportion was in leaf sheath followed by culm and leaf blade. High levels of nitrogen application resulted in more partitioning to leaf sheath than to culm. In general, mother shoot and primary tillers had high number offilled grains, harvest index and yield in both varieties. Increasing levels of nitrogen application resulted in more secondary tillers which contributed little to grain yield resulting in harvest index.


The performance gap between processor and main memory speed, called memory wall, is serious problem especially in High Performance Computing (HPC). This memory wall problem is addressed by two factors, large memory access latency and lack of memory throughput. There have been proposed many techniques for tolerating memory access latency, including cache prefetching. However, these techniques increase main memory traffic[1]. In order to overcome this problem, we have proposed a new processor architecture SCIMA (the abbreviation of Software Controlled Integrated Memory Architecture) which integrates software controllable memory (SCM) into a processor chip[2]. Our previous work revealed that SCIMA has the potential to tolerate memory latency without wasting memory bandwidth. Currently, we are working on the strategy how to control SCM by software. In this presentation, we present the optimization methodology and show its effectiveness.


Nationalism, national identity and national feeling are definitely alive nowadays. They are still an important part of temporal world and often they are the source of predjudice, discriminations and intergroup conflicts. On the other hand they must have some functional meaning for individual and society, otherwise we would abandom them. In my diploma I was interested in young people, who found national identity and belonging important for their lives. I was trying to find out what meaning the nationality has for them, why is it important for them and how they express their patriotism. However, during the research process some other issues connected with young patriots were exposed, for example masculinity and interwee's opinion about violence. The theoretical introduction presents characteristics of youth period and question of identity, which is in that period very important. It is continued with teoretical aspects of identity, social identity and integroup relationships, which can have both positive (for example solidarity) and negative (for example predjudice and discminations) consequences. The theoretical part is concluded with theorising about nationalism and its different manifestations. In the empirical part I present results of qualitative research, based on six interviews with six young patriots. They are all somehow connected with Tukaj je Slovenija (Here is Slovenia) movement. During my reaserch I discovered that patriotic youth is very heterogenous group and patriotism is very complex phenomena, including different (also subtle) aspects.


In this paper, a frequency mixing and modulating controller (FMMC)-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) based architecture is proposed or multi-carrier communication. We consider an RIS equipped with FMMC, which is capable of modulating the symbol to be transmitted using multiple frequencies over the carrier received from the base-station. This allows the transmission of multiple signals over multiple subcarriers, resulting in the communication scenario similar to conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The possible application of the proposed architecture is also discussed.


This article presents proposition of using quantum cryptography protocols in authentication process. Model is based on BB84 protocol. It is certain that protocol needs a little modification but most fundamental features are kept. Article presents an example model of authentication process.


Breastfeeding is 98% effective as a contraceptive for nursing, amenorrheic mothers. Although the duration of this contraceptive effect usually extends up to 6 months postpartum, pregnancy risks increase upon the return of menses. Therefore, postpartum women should be advised to employ an additional contraceptive method prior to this risk period. These additional methods may include sterilization, IUDs, and barrier methods since breastfeeding can be continued with these forms of contraception. It is uncertain as to when to begin oral contraceptives or injectables for nursing women.


As the Engineer of Record (EOR) your responsibilities run far and wide. Your primary concern is the structural frame, so for many, when it comes time to worry about the building's exterior skin, very little detail is provided. Instead, a generic phrase is often included in the contract documents. For example, " Design of curtainwall and metal stud framing shall be the responsibility of the contractor and shall meet the requirements of this Specification and all applicable Building Codes. " This division of labor between the EOR and a specialty subcontractor is common for secondary cold-formed steel wall systems, and has typically been beneficial for both the EOR and the subcontractor. However, as the primary caretaker of the building, the EOR needs to understand the ramifications of design decisions on both performance and cost with respect to secondary systems. Indications are that the need for an EOR to understand the ramifications of their design on secondary systems will dramatically increase, not decrease, in the future. Performance-based design is the next generation of design specifications in the United States (SEAOC, 1995, FEMA, 2000). At least two heavyweights lurking in the background are indirectly motivating the movement to performance-based design: government and insurance. The mitigation of extreme events (earthquake, wind, snow) is costly both for the government (e.g., FEMA) and insurance companies. Therefore, in the future, building codes will go beyond simple " life safety " and prescribe different performance objectives for the building: operational, immediate occupancy, life safe, near collapse; under different load (event) scenarios: frequent, design level, maximum/ultimate level. Specifications with this philosophy have already been developed (FEMA 2000), and more will be forthcoming as major research effort is being expended in this direction (e.g., through the NSF funded earthquake research centers). If you think this is just a problem in " Earthquake Country " , then you're missing the point. Designing for minor and moderate damage events means that you are no longer designing for the " big one " all the time. The big earthquake, the big wind, and the big snow are still important, but now the more commonly occurring earthquake, wind, snow, etc. are just as important in developing designs. In some regards, performance-based design is not the sea of change that it first appears to be. After all, successful design of the structural frame already demands that you provide (1) ultimate strength " life safety …


The method for producing cellulolytic and / or hemicellulolytic by a cellulolytic and / or hemicellulolytic microorganism according to the present invention comprises at least one growth phase in the presence of a carbon source and at least one production phase in the presence of an inductor substrate, wherein said inductor substrate is a mixture comprising from 40 to 65% by weight of glucose or hydrolyzates of cellulose, 21 to 25% by weight of lactose and 10 to 39% by weight of xylose or of a solution of hydrolyzate hemicellulosic lignocellulosic, the sum of these three components being 100%.


Âbstraet-Vàz present paper deals with the analysis of the High Resolution Surface Electrocardiogram in patients with Chagas disease. The spectral estimation technique is based on the Discrete Fourier Transfom (DFT). evaluated over a 300 milliseconds segment situated around the QRS wave in the averaged signal, corresponding to three orthogonal derivations X, Y and Z. The results are presented as a spectro-temporal mapping of the signal and a comparison between normal subjects and patients with Chagas' disease based on the area between 0 and 300 Hz for a 76 milliseconds frame including the end of the QRS.


Because of the increasing demands being made on the Newfoundland Provincial Park System and a lack of data concerning the social and economic characteristics of those using these parks, the writer determined that a study of selected provincial camping parks would help to fill some gaps in the basic data base in the sphere of outdoor recreation in Newfoundland. -- Data was gathered from the records of the Newfoundland Provincial Parks Service and by means of a mail questionnaire survey. The sample of eleven hundred parties provided the basis for all of the social data contained in this and much of the economic data. -- The thesis commences with a brief demographic and economic history of Newfoundland and is followed by an historical account of the development of provincial parks in the province. The policy formulation and planning functions of the Provincial Parks Service are also briefly discussed. -- A survey of the pertinent literature in the field of outdoor recreation was done and it was obvious that there was little or no agreement among the various authorities on the means necessary to ascertain the economic costs and benefits of outdoor recreation. -- Using a modified version of the Clawson method, this writer attempted to determine such social characteristics as origin, size of party, age, education, income, reason for visit, mode of travel, and length of stay. -- The. economic data was of two types, that concerning the operational and maintenance costs of the parks and that dealing with the expenditures of the sample in their home community before the excursion, on the way to the parks, while at the parks, on the way home from the parks, and in their home community after the trip. These figures were then projected to include the entire universe of campers in 1970 using Newfoundland parks in an attempt to determine overall expenditure. -- The basic conclusion arrived at was that although the spending by campers does make a contribution to the economy of the province, it is a small one.


The relation between CW DF/HF chemical laser performance and the flowfield parameters in FD 2/H 2 reacting zone has been studied based on the original formula of gain coefficient,output power and laser efficiency. The relation is proved by simulation results and others′ experiments and provides a criterion to optimize the nozzle design and CW DF/HF chemical laser performance.


8 strains of Salmonella bareilly that were isolated from different parts of India were studied in detail. These were studied for drug resistance, MIC values, Class of R factor transfer, frequency of transfer, segregational characters, phage restriction, fertility inhibition, F-pilus production, incompatibility grouping, stability characters, lysogeny & phage typing, curing, colicin production and detection of colonization factor antigens. Though serologically similar, these strains behaved differently in the various parameters studied and as such do not seem to belong to a common origin. The detailed results are presented.


The collapse-proof effect of unseating prevention devices are influenced by the design parameters under earthquake. Combine with existing relational design standards of unseating prevention devices at home and abroad, the dynamical analysis has been used to get the seismic response of bridges with different parameter cable-unseating prevention devices. The influence of design parameters on the collapse-proof effect and internal force of unseating prevention devices are been analyzed. The result show that the unseating prevention devices can play the role to proof the collapse, and it can enhance the anti-pushing rigidity and integrity of structure. The effect of collapse-proof decrease as the cable length and primary clearance increase, the internal force of unseating prevention devices is larger than the design bearing capacity while the parameters are both smaller, even some has exceed its yield tension.


Purpose – This paper sets out to assess the extent of application of two important facets of facility management – building management and the principle of public‐private partnership (PPP).Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a survey of German communes, the primary interest in this regard being the question of the determinants of this application. The theory of planned behaviour forms the theoretical basis of the investigation. A total of 282 mayors, 217 treasurers and 168 heads of real estate offices ultimately participated in the survey.Findings – Professional building management, understood to be a package of facility management services during the building use phase, and in particular PPP, have so far only been realised in German communes to a very limited extent, despite consistently positive attitudes on the part of the decision‐makers. The investigation sheds light on the differential reasons: in the case of PPP, normative pressure for co‐operation between communes and busi...


Bearing faults in machinery are among the most critical faults that require attention by maintenance personnel at early stages of fault initiation. In many cases it is difficult to directly and accurately identify the fault type and its extent under varying operating conditions. This work demonstrates a novel procedure for bearing fault detection and identification in an experimental set-up. Three seeded faults, in the rotating machinery supported by the test ball bearing, include inner race fault, outer race fault and one roller fault. The rotor is run at different speeds and with small level of rotating mass unbalance. Accelerometer based vibration signals are analyzed for the different bearing faults' signatures using statistical features, frequency spectra and wavelet coefficients. The composite differential evolution technique is proposed for parameter estimation when the system response is known a-priori. The algorithm is compared to five other differential evolution algorithms using conventional crossover and mutation operators. The objective is to correlate bearing faults to the extracted vibration features. The results of this analysis will be extended for applications in real time bearing condition monitoring system.


In this paper we will present some numerical simulations of the laser plasma acceleration, mainly focused to electrons. The simulations have been performed to find the best working point for some of the regimes that will be investigated by the INFN-CNR PLASMONX project. FLAME (Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary Experiments), a 300TW Ti:Sa laser, is being installed and commissioned at LNF (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati) Frascati. The first pilot experiment (SITE, Self-Injection-Test-Experiment) is planned for the next year (2010). The simulations have been run using a fully self-consisten ParticleIn-Cell (PIC) code ALaDyn (Acceleration by LAser and DYNamics of charged particles), the code is developed and maintained at the departement of Physics at the University of Bologna within the PLAMSON-X project.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the characteristics and roles of management accounting systems (MAS) on today's business organizations and their management, systems, procedures, people, performance and competitive environments.,A survey-based methodology was utilized in this research to gather organizational information relevant to the different facets of the MAS and their operational and strategic practices impact on organizations operating under increasingly uncertain and competitive environments. A structural equation modeling approach was utilized to uncover relevant relationships and associations among relevant variables.,The findings of this exploratory research revealed a direct influence of MAS on the managerial and organizational performance through the managers' performance. The results also suggest that MAS is directly influenced by users' training, and satisfaction, task uncertainty and decentralization of decisions. It was also indirectly influenced by top management support. In addition, the findings also revealed a direct influence of the decentralization of decisions on the managers' and on organizational performance.,While this study addressed important issues that have practical management value, it is limited to a sample from one country. Future studies in different businesses and cultural settings are needed to enhance the theoretical and practical contributions of the findings and conclusions of this study.,The issues explored in this study are very much relevant to the utilization and design of MAS and their increasing tactical and strategic roles in the management of today's business organizations. The findings of this study have relevant practical value for managers as they attempt to cope with increasingly competitive environments through the deployment of their existing capabilities and best practices. In this context, the accounting management system has practical utilities that facilitate the control and management of the operations and strategies of the organization.,This research offers practicing management an integrated approach, as they aspire to utilize their organizational MAS to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizations. Integrating the different aspects of management accounting information systems, given their impact on the different aspects of the organization, is needed for the establishment of theoretical research models aiming at the enhancement of the competitive performance of today's organizations. This study also offers to executives of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) a new multidimensional instrument for assessing the effectiveness of their management information systems, which can help to improve their benchmarking processes.


Earlier studies on RNA synthesis in E. coli showed that after infection with a T-even bacteriophage there was a rapid incorporation of p32 orthophosphate into an RNA whose base composition was similar to that of the phage DNA.' While the bulk of the labeled RNA synthesized after infection was of a high molecular weight and functioned as phage-specific mRNA,2 3 some 8 per cent was found as a low-mglecular-weight sRNA fraction.4 Recently the base composition and the hybridization properties of such sRNA have been reported.5 6 In addition, several examples of virus-induced modification of tRNA have been observed. Thus, M\IAK column chromatography7 and reverse phase chromatography8 revealed a change in the elution profile of several leucyl-tRNA's isolated after infection of E. coli with a T-even bacteriophage; and such an infection was also shown to cause methylation9 and thiolation'0 of sRNA. However, these observations could not distinguish between de novo phage-induced sRNA synthesis and modifications of pre-existing host sRNA. This report presents evidence for the induction by T4 of the synthesis of a novel sRNA containing pseudouridylic acid. Experimental Methods.-P32 labeling of E. coli cells infected with T4 bacteriophage: E. coli B cells were grown in TG medium" containing 1 X 10-4M inorganic phosphate (Pi). The culture was grown with shaking at 370C to a concentration of 5 X 108 cells/ml. ITryptophan (10 pg/ml) was added, and the culture was infected with phage T4D at a multiplicity of 10. The suspension was incubated for 2 min without shaking to allow phage adsorption, 32p; was added (0.01-0.06 mc/ml), and shaking was resumed for an additional 10 min. The cell suspension was then superinfected with additional phage (final multiplicity of 20) to cause lysis inhibition and thus prolong the latent period. Nonradioactive KPO4 buffer, pH 7.0, was added to a final concentration of 1 X 10-2 MA, and the suspension was shaken for 60 min, rapidly cooled, and harvested by centrifugation. Analysis of an aliquot removed at 10 min indicated that over 99% of the cells were infected with phage. Extraction of sRNA and MAK chromatography: The pelleted cells obtained from a 50-100-ml culture were suspended in 2 ml of a solution (containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM NaCl) and extracted three times with 2 ml of freshly distilled phenol. To the aqueous phase 0.2 vol of 5 M NaCl and 2.2 vol of ethanol were added at 4VC, and DNA was removed by spooling on a glass rod. The RNA was collected by centrifugation, washed three times with ethanol-NaCl, and dissolved in 1 ml of 10-2 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 containing 1 X 10-2 M MgCl2; 40 ,ug of electrophoretically purified DNase (Worthington Biochemicals) was added and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. Then 100 ,g Pronase was added and the incubation was continued for 4 hr at 370C. To reduce possible traces of nucleases, the Pronase solution was preincubated for 90 min at 370C (2 ing/ml in 0.01 Al Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4) before use.'2 The RNA solution was diluted to 20 ,ug/inl with 0.1 M NaPO4 buffer, pH 6.7, applied on a 1.5 X 18 cm MAK column,7 washed with 20 ml of the diluting buffer, and eluted at room temperature with a linear salt gradient consisting of 160 ml of 0.2 M NaCl and 160 ml of 1.2 M NaC1, both containing 0.05 M NaPO4 buffer, pH 6.7. Fractions of


Mr. Lazarick is currently the TSA Program Manager for Biometrics and Access Control R&D and is the DHS voting member on INCITS Technical Committee M1 – Biometrics. He is also Chairman of the M1 Ad Hoc Group for Evaluating Multi-biometric Systems and is a member of the US Delegation to the international ISO/IEC SC37 subcommittee on Biometrics Standards. He co-chaired the Aviation Security Biometrics Working Group, which published its findings November 2001.


Structural degradation phenomena like reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures imply a consequent reduction in time of the safety level. Corrosion causes a reduction of the sectional area, ductility and strength of rebars, bond strength between steel and concrete. The subsequent redistribution of internal stresses induces a reduction in ductility at ultimate limit state and a variation of the deformational behavior in serviceability conditions. In this paper, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of treated corrosion reinforcement on structural behavior of concrete beams. In this investigation, phosphoric acid and vinegar solution are used to treat the corroded steel bars and compared the bending strength of concrete beams with treated and untreated corrosion reinforcement. A finite element computer software (ANSYS) has been used to compare the experimental results. From the experimental and analytical results, it was observed that performance of concrete beams with treated corrosion reinforcement is better than the concrete beams with corrosion reinforcement,


"Ladatheca" cylindrica (Grabau, 1900) was a eurytopic metazoan with a calcareous operculum and an elongate, gently tapering conch up to 15+ cm long and with an apical angle of approximately 0.75–2.0°. This apparent polychaete was geographically widespread in the sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian of middle latitude, siliciclastic (middle and upper Placentian Series, Avalon Zone) and low latitude, carbonate platform (Tommotian Stage, Siberia(?) and Kazakhstan; and, probably, the upper Meishucunian Stage, southwestern China) sequences. In situ conchs (vertically to steeply inclined, apex down) of "Ladatheca" cylindrica are common in deep subtidal, siliciclastic mudstones (Chapel Island Formation) and in a peritidal algal mud mound(?) limestone (West Centre Cove Formation) in southeastern Newfoundland. Closely juxtaposed conchs locally form a worm reef at the top of the West Centre Cove Formation. This structure is older than the oldest archaeocyathan build-ups and is the earliest known metazoan-constructed biostrome. "Ladatheca" cylindrica was a dominant element of the sessile benthos prior to its apparent ecological displacement by Coleoloides typicalis Walcott, 1889, in the upper Placentian Series.


1 The effects of spironolactone have been studied on the mechanical activity of rat portal vein strips and the calcium channel currents of isolated cells using the patch clamp technique (whole‐cell configuration). 2 Spironolactone (50 nm to 0.1 mm) depressed both K+‐induced and twitch contractions within 5–6 min. This inhibitory effect was overcome by elevating the calcium concentration in the perfusing solution. 3 Spironolactone (60 μm) depressed the transient contractions induced in a Ca2+‐free, EGTA‐containing solution by either acetylcholine (0.1 mm) or noradrenaline (10 μm). The effect of spironolactone was dependent on a reduction in the filling of the internal calcium store. 4 Rapidly inactivating calcium channel current was maintained in the presence of spironolactone (60 μm), while slowly inactivating calcium channel current was blocked in a concentration‐dependent manner. Half‐inhibition of slow calcium channel current was obtained at concentrations between 5–7 μm. 5 Administration of spironolactone (10 μm) at rest reduced calcium channel current by about 70% (tonic inhibition). Repetitive depolarizations (300 ms long pulses to zero mV, applied between 0.05 and 0.5 Hz) had no further inhibitory effect on the inward current (absence of use‐dependence). 6 When cells were held at depolarized membrane potentials at which slow calcium current was inactivated by about 80%, the inhibitory effect of spironolactone (10 μm) was similar to that obtained with cells normally polarized. Spironolactone (10 μm) had no effect on the voltage‐dependence of inactivation of the calcium channel current. 7 Our results suggest that spironolactone acts primarily on the plasma membrane by depressing inward current through slow calcium channels. This effect may be explained by a preferential binding of the drug to the resting state of the slow calcium channel. In addition, spironolactone may depress contractions dependent on the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


In Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia (MNH) an externally applied electromagnetic field transfers energy to the magnetic nanoparticles in the body, which in turn convert this energy into heat, thus locally heating the tissue they are located in. This external electromagnetic field is sufficiently strong so as to cause interference and affect sensitive electronic equipment. Standard shielding of magnetic fields involves Faraday cages or coating with high-permeability shielding alloys; however, these techniques cannot be used with optically sensitive devices, such as those employed in Optical Coherence Tomography or radionuclide imaging. In this work we present a method to achieve magnetic shielding using an array of coils. The magnetic field generated by a single coil was calculated using the COMSOL physics simulation toolkit. Software was written in C/C++ to import the single-coil data, and then calculate the positions, number of turns and currents in the shielding coils in order to minimize the magnetic field strength at the desired location. Simulations and calculations have shown that just two shielding coils can reduce the magnetic field by 2-3 orders of magnitude.


According to the mental model theory, causes and enablers differ in meaning, and therefore in their logical consequences (Goldvarg & Johnson-Laird, 2001). They are consistent with different possibilities. Recent psychological studies have argued to the contrary, and suggested that linguistic cues guide this distinction (Kuhnmunch & Beller, 2005). The issue is important because neither British nor American law recognizes this distinction (e.g., Roberts & Zuckerman, 2004). Yet, in our view, it is central to human conceptions of causality. Hence, in two experiments, we examined our participants' ability to distinguish between causes and enablers in scenarios describing the actions of two agents and a subsequent outcome, e.g.: 'Mary threw a lighted cigarette into a bush. Just as the cigarette was going out, Laura deliberately threw petrol on it. The resulting fire burnt down her neighbor's house.' Here Mary enabled the fire to occur, whereas Laura caused the fire to occur.


In ethnically non-neutral states, why do some disadvantaged minorities protest their status, while others acquiesce? Given the difficult circumstances in many cases, why do they not protest more than they do, or turn to violence? This article argues that the key to ethnic protest is the identity that one holds: state-bound identities weaken the grievance– protest relationship. The closer one identifies with the state, the less likely one is to protest, even when significant grievances exist. The case of Israel and its Arab citizens is used to illustrate this relationship. When Arabs identify themselves as more "Israeli," they are less protest-prone than other Arabs with more anti-establishment identities. This article provides empirical evidence that fostering state-friendly identities may be a desirable goal for many ethnically tense states.


A review of family demography in Thailand is presented, and future research needs are identified. Suggestions for future research include a determination of an acceptable set of standard roles and obligations among family members in the "loose structure" paradigm and an analysis of marital stability. Other researchable topics include support to the elderly, family allocations to children, changes among rural adolescents, and family responses to AIDS. Embree and other researchers defined the Thai family as a "loosely structured" paradigm where behavior within the family was highly variable. Anthropologists Sulamith and Potter have described the matrilineal system, and others have referred to the influences of Buddhism on family roles. Foster identified traditional Thai marriage as based on individual choice of spouse, which was often based on romantic love and the desired approval of parents. Arranged marriages declined in importance. Rural Thais married within their villages but outside their matrilineage. Bridewealth payments were not rigidly enforced. Marriage forms included formal Buddhist marriage, legal registration, or both; elopement; and cohabitation. By 1991 marriage age had stabilized at 22 years for women and 24 years for men. Muslim women married at a younger age than Buddhist women. Marriage was delayed in urban areas, after migration, with increased education, and with labor force participation and nonagricultural employment. Studies by Limanonda found that first birth status and smaller sibling size were associated with earlier marriage. Marriage was nearly universal, but singlehood was accepted. 15% of first marriages during the later 1970s were found to have ended in divorce. Remarriage was common. Average household size was 4.0 in 1988. 15.7% of households with children 0-15 years old in 1990 were female headed. Higher education was found to be related to nuclear family formation. Kinship was a bilateral system based on sex, relative age, and generation. The family life cycle included alternate phases of being nuclear and extended. Social changes over the past 20 years have resulted in education being given as an inheritance, land shortages, delayed marriage, and increased child fostering. In urban slums matrilineal ties prevailed. The rate of post-nuptial residence with parents has remained stable.


The feasibility of using the semiconducting oxide film on a metal surface to measure the heat flux through that surface and to measure the temperature of the surface has been demonstrated for nickel. The output compares favourably with other available heat flux meters.


The present invention relates to a control apparatus and method for a lane electric oven it can be controlled at the optimal level of the top (Top) part and the bottom (Bottom) portion dish administration in an electric oven range. That is, the present invention is the first to the electrical oven equipped with a third heating, detected by the key input unit for inputting a user request command, the oven part and the temperature detecting unit for detecting the internal temperature, the temperature-sensing portion the temperature in view of the amount of current in accordance with the previously set temperature is as in the first to third control unit for controlling so that the heater can be selectively driven, for controlling the driving of the first to third heaters in response to the control signal of the controller It is configured to include a load driving unit. Thus, the control apparatus and method of an electric oven according to the present invention, because cooking can start and perform the desired cooking a minimum time by controlling the driving of the heater in view of the amount of current at the temperature rising period to minimize power usage and , there is an effect that it is possible to improve the user experience, according to obtain an optimal effect with a minimum of time. Electric oven / heating


Based on 105 Magnetic Cloud(MC) events detected by WIND spacecraft from 1995 to 2007,according to whether the MC collided with the Heliospheric Current Sheet(HCS),the MC events are devided into two types,namely,colliding and non-colliding.The preliminary results are as follows.Firstly,there are 51 MCs which may have collided with the HCS,and that is about 49% of the total incident.Secondly,when a MC collided with the HCS,dynamic interactions tend to inhance in the region between magnetic cloud and heliospheric current sheet,such as appearance of local magnetic field directional discontinuity structures,decreased magnetic field strength,increased proton temperature,irrupt changes of some components of proton velocity,enhancement of ionacoustic waves or Langmuir waves.These phenomena are possibly related to magnetic reconnection in the colliding interaction regions.In case of non-colliding,these characteristics are not evident. Thirdly,in at least 15 cases,the magnetic polarity of the background magnetic fields in front of the magnetic cloud and the one behind the magnetic cloud are opposite,or the reverse point of magnetic polarity was inside the magnetic cloud,which means the magnetic cloud was moving cross the HCS.Lastly,bright fronts and bright cores of MCs have been observed in some events.These very preliminary results are beneficial to understanding the process of interaction between magnetic cloud and the heliospheric current sheet,however further researches are still required.


Based on the theory of strong tracking filters, an online fault diagnosis method for transformer is given by combining state estimation and parameter identification. Computer simulations show that this method can effectively determine what kind of fault happens and which parameter is related to the fault. In addition, the parameter identification remains accurate when the fault happens.


Objective  The Asthma Insights and Reality in Asia‐Pacific (AIRIAP) survey collected detailed information on asthma severity and management in the urban centres of eight areas of the Asia‐Pacific region. This study compared asthma morbidity and management practices in these areas.


The paper provides detailed computational steps for implementing an iterative serial concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) decoder. These are based on maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding of a single, rate 1/2, recursive, systematic convolutional code, which is reduced to easily implemented equations for forward and backward recursion. In particular, the crucial information exchange between MAP decoders is clarified. Simulation of a rate 1/3 SCCC with memory-2 codes and a coding delay of N=1000 shows a bit error rate of 10/sup -6/ for E/sub b//N/sub 0/=1.5 dB, and gives a typical interleaver gain of N/sup -3/.


A 61-year-old woman with advanced alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child– Pugh score: C, 10 points; MELD score: 24 points) developed evident jaundice with prevalent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin: total 12.0mg/dL, direct 7.5mg/dL). Aminotransferases were only mildly elevated (AST 76U/L, ALT 40U/L), while there was a predominant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (162U/L) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (103U/L). Routine laboratory analysis also showed anemia (hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelets 25000 /μL), and prolonged prothrombin time (PT-INR 2.01). Ultrasonography showed dilated bile ducts. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed an abnormal biliary tree with multiple strictures and focal dilatations characterized by irregular contrast enhancement, potentially suggestive of intraductal malignancy, although no prominent obstruction was observed (▶Fig. 1 a, b). Radiographic features of portal hypertension with perigastric and perisplenic collaterals were also observed. Neither esophageal nor gastric varices were found by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, while congestive gastropathy was present. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was carried out with the aim of defining the diagnosis and facilitating biliary drainage. ERCP documented multiple narrowing of intraand extrahepatic bile ducts without major stenosis (▶Fig. 1 c). The still unexplained biliary strictures prompted performance of peroral cholangioscopy (▶Fig. 1 d; ▶Video 1). Biliary sphincterotomy was performed to be able to pass the cholangioscope. Peroral digital single-operator cholangioscopy (SpyGlass DS; Boston Scientific) revealed multiple bile duct varices (BDV) with red spots and microbleedings localized to the common bile duct, thereby defining a diagnosis of portal biliopathy. Neither a critical (i. e., clinically significant) stenosis nor blood clots causing obstruction were found. Therefore, no endoscopic treatment was performed. The patient remained clinically stable on follow-up, although no substantial improvement of jaundice was observed (bilirubin: total 13.2mg/dL, direct 7.7mg/dL). She accepted an offer to participate in a program of alcohol counseling and, finally, after 6 months of abstinence from alcohol, was considered for liver transplantation. The term portal biliopathy refers to biliary obstruction associated with cavernous transformation of the portal venous system. Jaundice is its main clinical manifestation, but cholangitis and hemobilia may also be present. The diagnosis of portal biliopathy requires three criteria to be fulfilled: (i) presence of portal cavernoma and/or hypertension, (ii) typical cholangiographic changes (e. g., irregular ductal contour, strictures and dilatations) on ERCP/MRCP, and (iii) absence of other conditions that cause similar changes (e. g., neoplasms, primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledocholithiasis) [1]. Although BDV have been known about for decades [2, 3], their diagnosis is still a clinical challenge for which a high index of suspicion is crucial [4]. BDV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, especially in patients with known portal cavernoma and/or hypertension when medical imE-Videos


Exposure of rats to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) impairs vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responsiveness and raises arterial pressure; however, it is unclear whether CIH also alters vascular structure. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIH (10% FIO2 for 1–2 min at 4 min intervals; 12 hrs/day). Control rats (CON) were housed under normoxic conditions. Arterial pressure was monitored by telemetry. After 14 days, gracilis arteries (GA) were isolated and cannulated with glass micropipettes, perfused and superfused with physiological salt solution which was equilibrated with 21% O2 and 5% CO2 in a heated chamber. Arteries were pressurized to 80 mmHg and diameters were measured using videomicroscopy before and after exposure to acetylcholine (10−6) or sodium nitroprusside (10−4) in the superfusate. Contralateral GA were fixed for histological examination by in situ perfusion with paraformaldehyde at 80 mmHg. The vessels were excised, mounted in paraffin and stained with Verhoff‐vanGieson and hemotoxylin. After 14 days, arterial pressure in CIH rats was elevated above baseline, while pressure was unchanged in CON. Acetylcholine‐induced vasodilation was attenuated in CIH vs. CON; however, responses to nitroprusside were the same in CIH and CON. Internal diameter was decreased and intima‐media thickness was increased in CIH vs. CON. These results suggest that 14 days of exposure to CIH raises arterial pressure and results in concomitant alterations in function and structure of skeletal muscle resistance arteries.


In this paper, the object of research is promising battery chargers for electric vehicles. The paper presents an algorithm, a mathematical model that demonstrates an increase in efficiency in the system of wireless transmission of electrical energy to an electric vehicle. The results of simulation modeling of an electric air transformer operating in a resonant mode are presented.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of institutional pressure on budgetary activities and its moderating role on the relationship with gaming practices among employees of industrial companies in Lagos, Nigeria.. A survey research design was adopted in this study. Multistage sampling was used in selecting 311 respondents from one hundred and fifty seven (157) industrial companies. The study relied extensively on primary data which was obtained through questionnaire. The instrument was tested for reliability while probit and moderated regression analysis was used to test the propositions that were made. Results of analysis showed that institutional theory significantly moderated the relationship between budgetary activities and gaming practices of employees. The policy implication of findings suggests that institutional pressure should be minimized in order to curb gaming practices of employees and in doing this, emphasis should be laid more on non-financial measures in the appraisal


The invention relates to a gas turbine combustor having a top plate 13 and having an outer 7 and inner 6 combustion chamber wall, characterized in that the combustion chamber made in one piece by means of a DLD-process or from one piece by means of a DLD-process is formed welded together segments, and a method for manufacturing the gas turbine combustor.


Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem disease that requires a more comprehensive approach to its study and treatment. The purpose was to give clinical and laboratory characteristics of PD patients, in whom the onset of motor symptoms of the disease is associated with the action of precipitating factors and provide a theoretical justification for the underlying and/or associated electrophysiological phenomena. Materials and me-thods. Two hundred and seven patients with PD were examined. Questionnaire analysis and laboratory research were performed. Results. Among patients with a rapidly progressive type of PD, pain during the survey was registered in 49 (42.2 %) cases, and stress in 73 (62.3 %). In cases of a slowly progressive course, 14 (15.4 %) individuals experienced pain syndromes, and 53 (58.2 %) patients — stress. Statistically significant differences between patients with rapidly and slowly progressive PD courses were noted in the number of cases of herpetic diseases, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. The results of laboratory tests also showed statistically significant differences between these groups in the blood serum level of IL1β and cortisol, the level of IL1β in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the albumin coefficient. The patients with a rapidly progressive type of disease presented with a greater number of precipitating factors for PD development. In patients with rapidly progressive PD, the number of precipitating factors and the serum level of antibodies to α-synuclein (r = –0.18), IL10 (r = 0.31), and cortisol (r = 0.18) correlated. Some objective characteristics of non-motor PD symptoms statistically significantly correlated with a level of laboratory biomarkers in blood serum (Montreal Cognitive Assessment value with cortisol level (r = –0.4); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index value with antibodies to α-synuclein (r = 0.31); Epworth Sleepiness Scale value with IL10 level (r = –0.21)). Significant acute psychological stresses and pain syndromes may change the pattern of propagation of depolarization waves in the nervous system with the formation of "autowave penumbra". Possible clinical criteria for the effectiveness of therapy that change the course of PD are presented. Conclusions. Pain syndromes and acute significant psychological stresses not only contribute to the onset of motor symptoms of PD but also lead to the rapid progression of the disease. The effect of precipitating factors may manifest itself not only in clinical, morphological, and laboratory changes but also in changes in the excitability of nerve cells. The electrophysiological penumbra ("autowave penumbra") can be considered a possible target for the action of a therapy method that modifies the course of PD.