In this paper, the analysis for the average bit error probability (ABEP) of a dual-hop fixed-gain relay network is conducted. To this end, we consider two different scenarios: 1) the second hop (relay- destination link) is subject to composite multipath/shadowing and the first hop (source-relay link) experiences only multipath fading; 2) the first hop is perturbed by the composite multipath/shadowing and the second hop undergoes only multipath fading. We develop new and exact closed-form expressions of the ABEP for the first scenario in terms of the Meijer-G and Lommel functions. Since the exact closed-form expressions for the second scenario are mathematically intractable, we derive a new approximation and bounds. These approximation and bounds are shown to be tight for medium to high average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In addition, we also provide new and relatively simpler asymptotic expressions of the ABEP for both the scenarios. It is shown that some physical insights (e.g., diversity order) of the system can readily be obtained by using these asymptotic expressions. All our analytical results are corroborated by the Monte-Carlo simulations.


I. INTRODUCTION A twenty-seven-year-old female lawyer stood before a Chicago judge to present her case in his courtroom only to hear the judge admonish, "I don't think the ladies should be lawyers. I believe that you belong at home raising a family. Ladies do not belong down here." (1) The statement made the cover of the American Bar Journal, not in 1960, not in 1970. The year was 1986. Fast forward twenty-plus years to one of many articles on the topic of the stalled progress of women in the profession: "For women, the law remains a frustrating profession." (2) Women enter the legal profession in roughly equal numbers to men but few women reach the highest positions of status, power and economic reward. As Harvard Law School Dean Elena Kagan said in a recent speech, whether we term it glass ceiling, sticky floor, clogged pipelines, scenic highways or off-ramps, "the bottom line is the same: Women lawyers are not assuming leadership roles in proportion to their numbers." Surveys and studies continue to draw attention to the issues. The issues are complex and multifaceted. From a historical perspective, significant progress has been made in a relatively short period of time. Nevertheless, as women have successfully gained equal access into the legal profession, women lawyers have not experienced equal progress within the profession. These circumstances are quite remarkable for a noble profession whose oath calls for fighting for justice and championing the cause of the defenseless and oppressed. This should be a pointed concern for a profession whose elite have substantial social and political influence. (3) Women's attainment of positions of power and influence within the legal profession has larger ramifications for women's access and opportunities throughout our society. After a brief look at the history of women in the law, this article will discuss the common experiences of women in law schools, in the judiciary and in the broader legal profession. Current initiatives to address women's issues in the profession also will be discussed. This article concludes with suggestions for pressing forward with progress. II. History Of Women And The Law For much of our nation's history, women were thought to be too "delicate in their nature" to practice law. They were believed to lack the "decision and firmness which are presumed to predominate in the sterner sex." (4) In the last half of the 1800's and the early 1900's only a scattering of women lawyers obtained law licenses. (5) Even through the 1940's, 1950's and early 1960's, only a handful of women were enrolled in law schools as legal education became formalized. (6) Not until the late 1960's and early 1970's did women show up in law schools with regularity. Discrimination during the 1950's, 1960's and 1970's was blatant and overt. When United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg graduated from Columbia Law School in 1959, she became a law clerk for a federal judge only upon the promise of her professor that "a male graduate engaged by a Wall Street firm would be ready to step in and take over" if she did not work out. In 1963, the dean of Rutgers Law School offered her a position on the faculty with only a modest salary because her husband already received a good salary. (7) When Carolyn King, Chief Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit graduated from Yale in 1962, "hiring a woman lawyer was generally unthinkable." However, she interviewed for position with the United States Attorney in Houston who was known for being a bleeding-heart, liberal maverick. After a brief interview, he told her, "Don't get me wrong ma'am. I've hired me a nigger and I've hired me a Mexican. But I ain't up to hiring me a woman yet." (8) Through some family and business connections, she was granted an interview with the law firm of Fullbright & Jaworski and was offered a job, but at half the salary of the men and doing low-profile collections work. …


The article reveals the development and analysis of fabric structure for its moisture absorbency property and its application in Civil engineering for curing of concrete. The presence of moisture in concrete and time of curing are the major influencing factors for concrete strength. Normal practice of curing is to wrap the concrete with jute woven fabric and spraying of water. The absorbency characteristics of different GSM (Gram per square meter) of woven and Non-woven fabric were studied. The Non-woven fabric absorbency is superior to woven fabric of same GSM by its three dimensional structure and high pore volume. The strength of concrete cured with Non- woven fabric is 2.1 N/mm2 higher than woven fabric of same 350 GSM. The difference in compressive strength of Non-woven fabric of 350 GSM and 750 GSM is 0.06 N/mm2 which is marginal.


Polybius' narration reflects the concern of the Achean League for the alliance between Sparta and the Aetolians: but he appears to overstate the latter's responsibility in order to downplay that of Aratus of Sicyon.


We measured 3.5 MeV energy He- and N-implanted Si by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry (RBS/C). The He and N ions were implanted in the range of 1–5x1016/cm2 and 0.2–1.2x1016/cm2, respectively through a wedge-shape silicon membrane (∼4.5 micron/mm slope) which was fixed to the target wafer and was moved laterally to the ion beam spot causing the disorder (mainly point defects) profile "moving" in depth. The doses and energies were in both cases set to have all the positions of the Gaussian damage at the surface, and to cover the damage range from slightly damaged to the maximum. We used ∼0.1 mm wide measuring spots for both SE and RBS/C making possible to "scan" the disorder profiles with ∼0.5 micron depth resolution. Several nm thick, surface amorphous damage peak was observed with low level (far below the modified Kinchin-Pease model predictions) point defect region beneath the surface, possibly due to dynamic annealing processes. Using critical point analysis we make an attempt to determine the optical response (dielectric function) of the point defects or defect complexes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


When the new Congress meets in January 2011, the Presidency and Vice Presidency will be controlled by Democratic incumbents and the House will be controlled by a Republican majority. As a result, were the Senate to repeal or reform the filibuster -- each party would have a significant power base -- outside of the Senate -- from which to block objectionable legislation and to protect its policy agenda and interests. This situation presents a unique opportunity to reform or repair the imbecility (as the Founders would have expressed it) of the Senate, caused by Senate Rule XXII, the Filibuster Rule.


Awareness of child abuse. Types of abuse. Signs and symptoms of abuse. Responding to suspected abuse. The legal framework. Working with children who may have been abused. Protecting children form abuse.


Scholars have written on Jesus' command to make disciples, but little work has been done on the translation of baptizontes. Using the mother-tongue biblical hermeneutics approach, this article analyses the translation of baptizontes in 12 Ghanaian mother tongue Bibles. The findings are that the various Ghanaian mother tongue translations of Matthew 28:19 render baptizontes variedly, to suit the indigenous Bible readers. Translators sometimes use religiocultural words and phrases that express a similar idea in their contexts to translate the word. Thus, Bible translation always involves interpretation. Translators sometimes coin their own words or consult mother tongue speakers for information in order to render words and phrases that are difficult to translate. This article has added an African (Ghanaian) interpretation of baptizontes in Matthew 28:19. This fits into the overall aim of the journal to promote African theology.Contribution: This article makes a contribution to the Special Collection 'Africa Platform for NT Scholars' on the Ghanaian (African) interpretations of baptizontes in Matthew 28:19–20.


The invention discloses a medium-term and long-term combined power generation optimal scheduling method and a medium-term and long-term combined power generation optimal scheduling system in a cascade reservoir group. The method comprises the following steps that: S1, a scheduling server establishes and stores three medium-term and long-term optimal scheduling models, namely a model of largest cascade power generation capacity, a model of largest cascade power generation capacity which gives consideration to guaranteed output, and a model of largest cascade energy storage; S2, the scheduling server selects an optimal medium-term and long-term optimal scheduling model according to a power generation optimal objective; S3, a data acquisition device acquires materials required for solving the models, and the scheduling server solves the medium-term and long-term optimal scheduling models by selecting algorithms; and S4, the scheduling server generates and outputs a medium-term and long-term power generation scheduling optimal scheme. By the method and the system, the phenomenon that a large quantity of optimization variables and constraint conditions of cascade reservoir optimal scheduling influence computational efficiency and result reasonability can be avoided; and an optimal medium-term and long-term combined power generation optimal scheduling scheme is obtained.


Heterogeneous catalysts can be an efficient and economical option for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by an advanced oxidation process if they could be reused. In this work, OMW was treated using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction (artificial ultraviolet light/H2O2/HFeO2). For this purpose, different concentrations of HFeO2 were tested: 0.04; 0.3; 0.8; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0; 30.0, and 50.0 g/L. The following operational conditions were chosen: pH = 3.0, temperature = 20 °C, agitation rate = 700 rpm. The experimental results showed high removal percentages of the main OMW characterization parameters at 50 g/L of HFeO2: %CODremoval = 62.8%; %total phenolic compounds (TPCs) = 88.9%. These results were also compared with those of other control oxidation systems, i.e., UV, H2O2, and UV/H2O2, which provided 35.5 and 56.1%; 46.2 and 74.0%; 48.0 and 76.8% removal, respectively. In addition, the catalyst was reused three times, recovering more than 90.5% of it.


No: PP 01 Title: The Grading and Scoring System A Useful Tool in Cytological Diagnosis of Breast Lesions (Modified Masoods Scoring) Authors: Dr Girija, Dr. Nandini NM Designation of Presenting Author: Postgraduate Institution: JSS Medical College, JSS Institute of Higher Education, Mysuru Email Id & Mobile No of presenting Author: email@example.com, 7795107158 Abstract Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. FNAC of breast provides a cost effective, painless method of detection of various breast lesions. Modified Masood scoring system (MMSS) helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC mainly in the grey zone lesions. Thirty cases of FNAC breast were studied by using MMSS. Out of 30 cases studied, majority were malignancy i.e.12 cases, followed by Fibro adenoma-10, Non Proliferative breast disease (NPBD) -3,Proliferative breast disease (PBD) with atypia – 2 and others -3. These cases were retrospectively studied by comparing MMSS with modified Bloom Richardson grading. Most of the malignant lesions were in the age group of 50-70yrs and non malignant lesions in younger age group and all the patients were females. This cytological grading system will help the cytologist to categorize any breast lump accordingly and can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy of NPBD and PBD without atypia cases as the prognosis and treatment varies. The MMSS method correlates with the Bloom Richardson"s scoring of breast carcinoma .Also helps in surgical management of breast lesions.


The National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) is considering manned long term exploratory missions to moon in the near future. Waste treatment and removal for missions to moon will be a challenge due to the longer mission duration. The present studies highlights the importance of a technology called 'Anaerobic Digestion' which not only reduces the wastes on the Lunar surface, but may provide significant fuel out of it during a year of exploration. Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that converts organic matter to biogas (which is mixture of 50-70% methane and rest carbon dioxide) through the concerted action of a syntrophic group of microorganisms under anaerobic (oxygen free) condition. Biochemical methane potential is a measure of sample biodegradability and measures methane generation potential under anaerobic digestion conditions. This study aimed to evaluate biochemical methane potentials of the individual components in lunar waste stream at thermophilic conditions, to determine extent and rate of bioconversion. Human waste and food waste demonstrated highest methane potential of 0.856 and 0.481 l/g at STP and complete biodegradability. Paper, cotton and clothing also showed good methane potentials and biodegradability. Other components such as packaging materials, wipes, grey tapes etc did not degrade. Methane from anaerobic digestion of waste generated from a years mission of a 4-person crew could provide 23% of the fuel required for LOX/methane engines in lunar ascent vehicle.


Abstract Rationale: Visceral arterial pseudoaneurysms are rare but important vascular entities because of their inclination to cause life-threatening hemorrhage. They were commonly reported to be associated with trauma, infection, inflammatory disease, or occurred as postoperative complication. To date, there has been no published report of a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branch pseudoaneurysm rupture mimicking acute pancreatitis in a patient with acute type B aortic dissection. Patient concerns: The patient's medical history, clinical information, imaging findings including follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA), and treatment are reported. A 51-year-old male presenting with epigastric pain and fever was found to have an enlarged pancreatic head and obscure fatty space around it on abdominal nonenhanced CT. He has medical history of anaphylactoid purpura and uncontrolled hypertension. His serum lipase and amylase were both within normal limits. Thoracoabdominal CTA following a sudden blood pressure drop attributed to the accurate diagnosis. Diagnoses: He was diagnosed with acute type B aortic dissection involving SMA and retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to SMA branch pseudoaneurysm rupture. Interventions: The patient was successfully treated by thoracic endovascular aortic repair without additional branch intervention. Outcomes: Follow-up CTA at 3 months later demonstrated that the endoprothesis is well positioned with no endoleaks, and SMA branch pseudoaneurysm disappeared. Lessons: We report a rare and complicated case presenting with SMA branch pseudoaneurysm rupture and acute type B aortic dissection. CTA is vital in the diagnosis of such vessel pathology. We must inspect carefully to ensure that no small lesions are missed.


The mid-infrared transmission window between 3.8–5.5 µm has been used to detect corrosion beneath a paint layer of 80–100 µm thickness using low power light emitted diodes. Two-dimensional images from a sample of painted metal with corrosion were obtained for 3.8 to 5.5 µm wavelengths. The best contrast for imaging corrosion is near 4.8 µm.


We aimed to determine the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐infected donor cells in the development of a CMV‐specific immune response in kidney transplant recipients. We assessed the CMV pp65‐specific immune response by using interferon‐ɣ ELISPOT and dextramers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 115 recipients (D+R− 31, D+R + 44, D−R + 40) late after transplantation (mean 59 ± 42 months). Receiving a kidney from a D+ donor resulted in a higher number of IFN‐ɣ‐producing anti‐CMV T cells (P = .004). This effect disappeared with the absence of shared HLA class I specificities between donors and recipients (P = .430). To confirm the role of donor cells in stimulating the expansion of newly developed CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells after transplantation, we compared the number of HLA‐A2–restricted CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells in primo‐infected recipients who received an HLA‐A2 or non–HLA‐A2 graft. The median of anti‐CMV pp65 T cells restricted by HLA‐A2 was very low for patients who received a non–HLA‐A2 graft vs an HLA‐A2 graft (300 [0‐14638] vs. 17972 [222‐85594] anti‐CMV pp65 CD8+ T cells/million CD8+ T cells, P = .001). This adds new evidence that CMV‐infected kidney donor cells present CMV peptides and drive an inflation of memory CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells, likely because of frequent CMV replications within the graft.


Three main assumptions are embedded in the conventional view of discretion - that law is the primary instrument of social regulation, that discretion is a residual category of law and that this discretion is exercised by individuals who are essentially autonomous. While recent scholarly analyses of discretion have begun to unsettle this view, its core assumptions nonetheless remain largely undisturbed and continue to guide policy debates to such an extent that they set the parameters of imagined reforms related to its use. This is the case despite contemporary and historical experiences which cast some doubt on the potential of law to effectively address the 'problem' of discretion. This article aims to contribute to the unsettling of this conventional view of discretion through a preliminary analysis of the uses of discretion in the context of the administration of a body of law in which discretion is particularly important but has not been much examined - the enforcement provisions of the Canadian Immigration Act. This study proposes that discretion be regarded as a form of constitutive power, the workings of which cannot be adequately understood in the abstract. It begins to explore the ways in which this discretionary power facilitates the translation of shifting societal anxieties and priorities into exclusionary immigration law and policy.


The processing of means-end frames is proposed as a key to understanding the reproduction and evolution of organizational fields. In lieu of regarding 'rationalized myths' as established social constructs that are diffused within a field, the present analysis looks into how the field constituents construct a rationalized myth, the operations through which they strive to accomplish this, and the unresolved divergences and problems tied to establishing shared understandings of central causal chains. It is argued that the social construction of means-end frames is central to preserving a shared understanding of an organizational field's goals and the organizing principles by which these can be realized. In participating in the construction and interpretation of means-end frames the central actors reproduce and evolve the organizational field. The processing of means-end frames may contribute to both field reproduction and destabilization. Based on an analysis of the Danish hospital field, it is demonstrated how the processing of a means-end frame may serve several functions in an organizational field—the reproduction of the field, its trajectory, power structure, truces and overarching regime. But it may also contribute to field destabilization via the actors' different interpretations and projects, the contestation of central institutions, or via unforeseeable consequences.


The Lviv-Volyn coal Basin remains being the main fuel-power base of the western regions of the Ukraine up to now. At the same time, against the background of the planned removing of mines from service and reduction of explored reserves of coal, the necessity arises to solve the question of the basin's development in the future. Its up-to-date expansion is also connected with the development of the coal seams trom the deep horizons. We have studied the commercial coal potential and characteristic properties of morphology of the coal seams of the deep horizons of the Lviv-Volyn coal Basin, including the Kovel coal-bearing area. To the deep horizons we attribute the parts of the section of the carboniferous thickness that enclose the coal seams located at depths below the working coal seams. They are of Tournaisian-Serpukhovian age and belong to the lower (bog-marine) coal-bearing formation. The purpose of investigations was to determine the most perspective commercial coal seams of the deep horizons of the basin and their characteristic properties. It was noted that within the limits of the workable deep horizons of the basin the coal seams υ0 3 and υ6 are widely distributed. We have used a complex of investigations based on the formation analysis: morphological analysis of coal seams, methods of mapping and geological-industrial typification of the main morphological parameters of coal seams, correlation, paleopothamic and lithological-stratigraphical analyses, construction of detailed morphologi1 candidate of Geology and Mineralogy, Senior Research fellow, Senior Scientific Worker of the Department of Geology and Geochemistry of Solid combustible Minerals, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine 2 chief geologist, Separated Subdivision "Geological Research Expedition" of the State Enterprise "Lvivvuhillya", Ukraine


Musical critics often point out that some singers start to sing slightly after the accompaniment to give a groovy feeling. In our previous studies, we revealed that a Japanese Pop diva, Namie Amuro started to sing approximately 70-90 ms after the accompaniment for the initial notes of phrases. We then conducted perceptual experiments, using blasslike tone played the melody instead of Amuro's singing. The results of the experiments showed that the 70-ms delayed singing sounded "unnatural" and "not groovy". This suggested that we have high tolerance for the delayed singing in the case that a singer sings words than in the case an instrument plays a melody. In the present study, we conducted perceptual experiments using synthesized word singing and scant singing stimuli, as well as human word singing and scat singing stimuli. The results showed that whether words are sung or not is crucial for the tolerance for the delayed singing. The scat singing stimuli showed consistent results to the case where a brass-like tone played the melody.


This brief proposes a novel stochastic method that exploits the particular kinematics of mechanisms with redundant actuation and a well-known manipulability measure to track the desired end-effector task-space motion in an efficient manner. Whilst closed-form optimal solutions to maximise manipulability along a desired trajectory have been proposed in the literature, the solvers become unfeasible in the presence of obstacles. A manageable alternative to functional motion planning is thus proposed that exploits the inherent characteristics of null-space configurations to construct a generic solution able to improve manipulability along a task-space trajectory in the presence of obstacles. The proposed Stochastic Constrained Optimization (SCO) solution remains close to optimal whilst exhibiting computational tractability, being an attractive proposition for implementation on real robots, as shown with results in challenging simulation scenarios, as well as with a real 7R Sawyer manipulator, during surface conditioning tasks.


Qos (the quality of service)in web service technology has gained greater importance nowadays.Qos is a key factor in deciding whether web service can be successfully applied in commerce.However,the present web service don′t support Qos.Through extending web service model,this paper has proposed a model to support web service description with Qos restriction.The model can enhance the quality of service by adding Qos certified proxy.This proxy will process work certification of Qos subscribed by service providers or by service users.


Strategies to resolve B*18 alleles which carry a deletion in intron 1 close to the 5' end of exon 2 relative to other HLA-B alleles or a null allele mutation in exon 1 and to resolve ambiguities among allele combinations including B*18 are described. B*18 allele frequencies from volunteer donors recruited for two hematopoietic stem cell registries show the presence of two alleles, B*180101 and B*1802, in a population from Singapore and only B*180101 in African-Americans.


This paper presents the use of sliding mode control with a current-source active power filter. From the analysis of the system model, a suitable sliding control function is proposed and its implementation on a DSP-based controller is discussed. A new switching control strategy for the active filter converter with sliding mode control is also proposed. In addition, the effect of control delay on the system response is discussed and a simple measure to compensate this delay is presented. Simulation results show the validity the proposed approach.


Conventional classification method uses a single classifier based on shape or motion feature. However this method exhibits a weakness if naively used since the classification performance is highly sensitive to the accuracy of moving region to be detected. The detection accuracy, in turn, depends on the condition of the image background. In this paper, we propose to resolve the drawback and thus strengthen the classification reliability by employing a Bayesian decision fusion and by optimally combining the decisions of three classifiers. The first classifier is based on shape information obtained from Fourier descriptors while the second is based on the shape information obtained from image gradients. The third classifier uses motion information. Our experimental results on the classification Performance of human and vehicle with a static camera in various directions confirm a significant improvement and indicate the superiority of the proposed decision fusion method compared to the conventional Majority Voting and Weight Average Score approaches.


Background: Self-medication can be defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of physician either for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance of treatment. It has emerged as a common practice in economically deprived communities. Very few studies regarding Self-medications have been conducted in Pakistan which have also confirmed high prevalence rate of around 51%. The objective of the study is to determine the magnitude, pattern, causes and practices of self-medication among selected university students of Peshawar. Methodology: A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted among the non-medical departments of Peshawar University. The study conducted within 2 months period from February to March, 2014. Convenience sampling technique was used for the collection of the data all the students present at the defined settings on the day of study conduction had been selected on the basis of convenience. A pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection. For the analysis of data SPSS version 15.0 was used. The Chi square test will be used for significance testing of variables was used. Results: A total of 200 questionnaire were distributed at different departments of Peshawar University, of which 163 responded the distributed questionnaire, a response rate of 81.5%. Out of 163 who responded the questionnaire about 89.6% of the students do practice self-medication while 10.4% responded negative for the self-medication. Among those who treat themselves, common seasonal flu was the commonest showing a rate of 55.20%, other diseases like fever joint pain, minor injuries, skin problems, disturb bowel, body aches, and sore throat show a treatment rate of 53.3%, 10.4%, 25.7%, 15.9%, 12.8%, 23.3%, 47.8% of respectively. Whereas the antibiotics and analgesics were the common self-prescribed drugs showing a 55.8% and 49.1% respectively. Treating one own self, and treating successfully previously was the most common provoking factor for prescribing themselves. Key words: Self-medication, non- medical students, Peshawar University.


Draw-over vaporizers, using air as the vehicle for conveying the anaesthetic, are as old as anmthesia. John Snow 1 published details in 1848 of an ether inhaler which incorporated a device for regulating the concentration of ether. Subsequently many inhalers working on similar principles were evolved, but the introduction of compressed oxygen and nitrous oxide caused the development of anmthetic apparatus to follow other channels and has resulted in many variants of anresthetic machines, of which the commonest in this country is the Boyle. In 194 1 Epstein, Macintosh and Mendelssohn2developed the Oxford Ether Vaporizer which enjoyed considerable popularity in war time, particularly in isolated theatres of action where the supply of cylinders of compressed gases was problematical or even impossible. With the return of peace and the great advances in anaesthesia over the past twenty years, techniques based on the use of sucha simple vaporizing unit have again fallen into disuse, particularly in the more sophisticated anaesthetic atmosphere that obtains in the highly developed countries of the world. In 1956, Macintosh and Epstein3 produced an improved version of the Oxford Vaporizer, the EMO Ether Inhaler. In this country, with its relatively high proportion of fully trained specialist anasthetists, the need for such an apparatus has been less obvious and there are few references to it in British literature 46. The apparatus is mainly to be found in teaching and research centres, on ships of the mercantile marine and as part of the equipment of obstetric flying squads. It has, however, been exported in considerable numbers and there are many references to it in literature from overseas716. It is part of the aniEsthetic equipment of over ninety countries outside the British Isles and it has been stock-piled in some countries against the possibility of a thermonuclear war, where the need for a simple and efficient means of anaesthetising large numbers of casualties would arise. It is the purpose of this paper to present a series of one thousand anaesthetics given by the author with this apparatus and to discuss the


Laser induced fluorescence studies of the lithium diffuse band at 458 nm were performed using single‐and double‐photon excitations. Single‐photon excitation was performed using UV lines of Ar++ and Kr++ lasers, and the diffuse band fluorescence was induced by collisions in 7Li2 and 6Li2. The double‐photon excitation process populated relevant upper states through several accidental coincidences for two‐step excitation in 7Li2. In two cases, in addition to structured continuum emission, an adjacent line spectrum was observed. In five other cases, two‐photon accidental coincidences produced collision induced fluorescence of the 7Li2 diffuse band. We also found (in a few cases) that the (two‐photon) excitation energy of the 2 3Πg state (with respect to the 1 3Σ+u state) was collisionally transferred to simultaneously excited lithium 2p atoms, thus creating a lithium atom in the 4d state.


Extracted from text ... ~ 143 . . . . REVIEWS
their way to tour interesting buildings. All this
gives Sachs the chance to dwell on his ideas
about art and aesthetics, and the role of South
African cultural production within the interna-
tional arts community. This too is of consider-
able interest, especially given that he played a
pivotal role in the design of Constitution Hill
and in the selection of artworks that fill the
court building.
But the political musings of a key activist and
judicial authority, and the aesthetic meditations
of a noted author, sit uncomfortably side-by-
side with the ..


It is well known that Marshall's Principles of Economics contained a number of innovations in economics which became part of the toolbox of welfare economics and that some of these had their roots in his early writings. The notion of consumer's surplus is a good instance (see Myint 1948 for a classic treatment of this subject). Moreover, Marshall's broad hint at a tax/bounty policy designed to favour increasing returns industries and to penalise those working under diminishing returns was a policy for enhancing growth of output through a state induced shift in resource allocation of productive factors. For Marshall, of course, output growth was advantageous to all classes of society and of particular benefit to the poor. Such an emphasis on output in welfare policy was part of Marshall's classical heritage, since as Myint (1948) has also pointed out in his still very authoritative historical treatment of welfare economics in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the classical approach to welfare economics was heavily output orientated. On the other hand, it is less well known that some of Marshall's perspectives on social progress, including those that remain unpublished from the material housed in the Marshall papers, embrace aspects of what later became known as the welfare state. In fact, some of his later published views, particularly his 1907 excursus into economic chivalry (Marshall 1907) and the final chapter on progress in the later editions of the Principles (Marshall 1961, Book VI, chapter XIII) contain support for state initiatives to enhance the welfare of society, with special reference to the welfare of the poorest sections of the community.


The PM theory was introduced to the project of "Farm tourism" to carry out a dynamic management of its service quality,in order to improve the service quality management performance of "Farm Tourism".


The number of people suffering from severe de-pression has risen in recent years. The majority of patients are apprehensive about seeking counseling and are unwilling to open up. A chat bot might be a viable tool for involving customers in artificial intelligence-powered behavioral health therapies. Chat bots are artificial intelligence entities that answer to users in normal language, exactly like a person would. Social chat bots, in particular, are those that form a deep emotional bond with the user. We shall explore and compare such chat bots in this paper, as they play an important role in assisting patients with mental illness. The study will compare and contrast chat bots such as CARO, XiaoIce, DEPRA, PRERONA, and Eviebot, as well as their role in resolving the depression problem. The article will show how the different chat bots compare in terms of methodology, underlying algorithms, accuracy, population demographics, and limitations. Finally, the paper will provide a quick overview of chat bots' future advancements in this field. The therapeutic component, which determines a person's level of depression,l is also a priority.


Context  Previous studies have shown that an initial diagnostic hypothesis biases automatic information processing. It is unclear if an initial hypothesis has a similar effect on analytic information processing. Our first objective was to study the effect of an initial diagnostic hypothesis on analytic processing. Our second objective was to assess the effect of clinical experience on analytic processing by evaluating the effect of clinical frequency and urgency of an alternative diagnosis on diagnosis selection.


Results of treatment of urolithic disease, neurogenic dysfunction of urinary bladder and dysmetabolic nephropathy in children using complex therapy with cyston have been estimated. High efficiency of the preparation, especially, in dysuric disorders was confirmed.


ABSTRACT This paper revisits two bivariate Pareto models for fitting competing risks data. The first model is the Frank copula model, and the second one is a bivariate Pareto model introduced by Sankaran and Nair (1993). We discuss the identifiability issues of these models and develop the maximum likelihood estimation procedures including their computational algorithms and model-diagnostic procedures. Simulations are conducted to examine the performance of the maximum likelihood estimation. Real data are analyzed for illustration.


Eleven states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation legalizing adult possession and use of marijuana. Of those twelve jurisdictions, only eight of those jurisdictions have active markets where the substance can be legally bought and sold, and each imposes a different taxation scheme on the flow of marijuana goods in the marketplace. This paper analyzes each tax base and then proposes a bifurcated recreational marijuana tax scheme for states that are currently thinking about legalization: (i) tax flower, bud, and trim based on weight; and (ii) tax concentrates, edibles, oils, and other "distilled" marijuana products based on potency, currently measured by THC content. The idea behind taxing by potency is two-fold: first, the state may pursue public health goals by nudging consumers away from high-potency forms of marijuana – and prevent producers from gravitating even more strongly toward high-potency goods; second, taxing by potency may help normalize the recreational use of marijuana by encouraging society to treat marijuana more like other legal drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes. While no tax scheme is perfect, a hybrid weight/potency base combined with a sunset provision to allow further research on the area appears to be the ideal way to regulate marijuana at this moment in time.


Thinking model of the subject separating from the object was unable to enter the source of aesthetic discusstion.Heidegger's theory of Zeilichkeit opened a constitution boundary to probe the essence of being.Thus the appreciation of aesthetic must be put into the time boundary to return the state.This thesis has carried on the phenomenology description to the aesthetic condition of time becoming,and marked the traits of aesthetic:the unabence of revels and appearance of the beauty.


Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations were performed on a series of seven sets of twins (four monozygotic and three dizygotic) and one set of triplets who were clinically discordant for multiple sclerosis (MS). MR abnormalities were detected in some of the unaffected monozygotic pairs of twins.


The residential housing sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the developed world and subsequently the largest greenhouse gas emitter. The overall potential impact of the residential housing energy and materials consumption on global warming, ozone depletion, nitrification and acidification is significant. The ultra energy efficient residential house envelopes that utilises optimal thermal mass and insulation, ensuring occupant comfort, energy savings and good indoor air quality, will not only reduce ongoing energy bills but also reduce consumption of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper describes the thermal performances of a conventional and new house wall system for two climatic zones (moderate and subtropical). The energy performance has been evaluated using an Australia wide accredited energy performance simulation software AccuRate. The simulated results indicate a significant improvement in terms of energy savings of the new house wall system compared to the conventional house wall system. A notable reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can also be achieved based on the simulated results.


Abstract A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of 9-phenanthrols through a sequential ligand-free Suzuki/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction has been developed. Twenty-five 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetic acids were obtained via Suzuki reaction with high yields. And 9-phenanthrols were regioselectively synthesized by TfOH/P2O5 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction with good to excellent yields. This method provides a valuable alternative to the existing strategies toward the synthesis of 9-phenanthrols. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity test indicated that the synthesized 9-phenanthrols could inhibit viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent way. Ten compounds displayed over 70% inhibition proportions after 24 h at the concentration of 100 μM.


Significance Superionic (SI) ices are high-pressure, high-temperature phases of water in which oxygen ions occupy a rigid crystalline lattice, whereas the protons diffuse in a liquid-like manner. They are believed to be abundant in the universe, in particular in the interiors of Neptune and Uranus, in which they are conjectured to constitute a thick solid mantle. Here, we investigate the mechanical deformation properties of these phases using state-of-the-art computational techniques. The results indicate that SI face-centered cubic ice is very malleable, suggesting that the rheology of the icy internal layers of these planets may be orders of magnitude faster than previously thought, possibly having important implications for the interior dynamics of Neptune and Uranus.


As part of an investigation into methods for accelerating the process of filling the method-of-moments impedance matrix (Z), it was found that (Z) could be decomposed into three parts: a real inductance matrix (L) from the magnetostatic vector potential, a real elastance matrix (S) from the electrostatic static scalar potential, and a complex impedance matrix (z( omega )) of residual frequency-dependent contributions. By neglecting (z( omega )) at sufficiently low frequencies, static and quasi-static charge and current distributions were obtained. For electrically small antennas, a complete RLC circuit was obtained directly from a single quasi-static solution rather than as an approximate characterization of the impedance as a function of frequency. This gives a precise definition of the circuit parameters limiting the performance of electrically small antennas. >


Abstract: We report three patients, ages 5 years 3 years. and 4 days, with umbilical polyps. In the third child the polyp was associated with an umbilical enteric fistula. An umbilical polyp is the result of incomplet closure of the omphalomesenteric duct and becomes apparent after the umbilical cord is detached. It is a reddish tumor of a few milmeters: it seldom bleeds or is exudative. We consider it important to study every case in detail in oreder to exclude possible underlying embryologic anomalies such as Meckel's diverticulum and umbilical enteric fistula.


To investigate, in a series of metastatic and primary invasive ovarian lesions examined by color Doppler, the prevalence of a main peripheral vessel penetrating into the central part of the ovarian mass with a tree‐shaped morphology, defined as the 'lead vessel'.


Based on the idea of MATLAB and matrix displacement method, this paper designs the program for solving continuous beam and rigid frame. Based on the textbook of structural mechanics, this paper uses MATLAB as a programming tool and combines with the principle of matrix displacement method to achieve the whole process from inputting the information of rigid frame, solving the internal force of rigid frame to outputting bending moment diagram.


A distinction is made between decision utility, experienced utility, and predicted utility and an experiment is reported addressing people's ability to forecast experienced utility. Subjects in two experiments made predictions of their future liking for stimuli to which they were then exposed daily for one week. The stimuli were ice cream in a pilot study, plain yogurt in the main study, and short musical pieces in both studies. Decreased liking was the modal prediction, even when the true outcome was increased liking, or reduced dislike. There was substantial stability of tastes, but there were also substantial individual differences in the size and even the sign of changes in liking with repeated exposure. There was little or no correlation between the predictions of hedonic change that individuals made and the changes they actually experienced.


The prognostic significance of histological subtyping of epithelioid pleural mesotheliomas has been recently reported, but similar data are lacking for peritoneal mesotheliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationships between histological growth patterns of epithelioid peritoneal mesotheliomas, clinicopathological features, and patient outcome.


Eye tracking methodology has been a major empirical research approach for the study of online comprehension processes in reading and scene viewing. The use of eye tracking methodology for the study of diagrammatic representations, however, has been relatively limited so far. The investigation of specific types of diagrammatic representations, such as statistical graphs is even scarce. In this study, we propose eye tracking as an empirical research approach for a systematic analysis of multimodal comprehension of line graphs. Based on a framework of multimodal comprehension of graphs and texts, which focuses on the role of spatial concepts, we present an experimental investigation of linguistic guidance and eye movement control in comprehension of time-domain line graphs with a particular focus on the analysis of gaze patterns in graph in-


In combination with a gas-liquid separator for second-stage separation of gas and liquid in high density,high viscous drilling fluids. An industrial CFD software is used for a whole 3 dimen- sional numerical simulation. Proper mathematic and physical models are selected for obtaining the gas-liquid motion and distribution within the separator. The local conditions of flow field within it are discussed and the shortcomings of models are pointed out and a model for the improved separator is also established.


Abstract In the present paper, it is shown that if a prime ring R admits a generalized derivation f associated with a nonzero derivation d such that either f  ( [ x m , y n ] ) + [ x m , y n ] ∈ Z  ( R )   for all  x , y ∈ R f([x^{m},y^{n}])+[x^{m},y^{n}]\in Z(R)\quad\text{for all }x,y\in R or f  ( [ x m , y n ] ) - [ x m , y n ] ∈ Z  ( R )   for all  x , y ∈ R , f([x^{m},y^{n}])-[x^{m},y^{n}]\in Z(R)\quad\text{for all }x,y\in R, then R is commutative. We apply this purely ring theoretic result to obtain commutativity of Banach algebras and prove that if A is a prime Banach algebra which admits a continuous linear generalized derivation f associated with a nonzero continuous linear derivation d such that either f  ( [ x m , y n ] ) - [ x m , y n ] ∈ Z  ( A ) {f([x^{m},y^{n}])-[x^{m},y^{n}]\in Z(A)} or f  ( [ x m , y n ] ) + [ x m , y n ] ∈ Z  ( A ) {f([x^{m},y^{n}])+[x^{m},y^{n}]\in Z(A)} for an integer m = m  ( x , y ) > 1 {m=m(x,y)>1} and sufficiently many x , y {x,y} in A, then A is commutative. A similar result is obtained for a unital prime Banach algebra A which admits a nonzero continuous linear generalized derivation f associated with a continuous linear derivation d such that d  ( Z  ( A ) ) ≠ 0 {d(Z(A))\neq 0} satisfying either f  ( ( x  y ) m ) - x m  y m ∈ Z  ( A ) {f((xy)^{m})-x^{m}y^{m}\in Z(A)} or f  ( ( x  y ) m ) - y m  x m ∈ Z  ( A ) {f((xy)^{m})-y^{m}x^{m}\in Z(A)} for each x ∈ G 1 {x\in G_{1}} and y ∈ G 2 {y\in G_{2}} , where G 1 , G 2 {G_{1},G_{2}} are open sets in A and m = m  ( x , y ) > 1 {m=m(x,y)>1} is an integer: then A is commutative.


1. In the giant nuclei of the endosperm and nucellus of Echinocystis macrocarpa, fibrillae, here named "nucleodesmata," interconnect nuclear and cytoplasmic networks across the nuclear membrane. Similar nucleodesmata occur in the nuclei of the epidermal cells of leaves, petioles, and stems of Acanthus mollis, Tropaeolum nasturtium, Nicotiana tabacum, and other species. It is therefore considered probable that nucleodesmata, like plasmodesmata, are ubiquitous. 2. In mature cells after division has ceased, the nuclear membrane is a finely perforate net, probably lipoproteic in nature and crystalline in submicroscopic structure. 3. Preceding ultimate disintegration and resorption, endosperm nuclei become lobed and may divide amitotically. During this increase in surface area, nucleodesmata remain ubiquitous on all lobed surfaces. 4. The relative stability of the position of the nucleus within the living cell is explained, at least in part, by the presence of nucleodesmata. 5. It is considered possible that nucleodesmata may in reality be microcanals. Whatever their structure, they most probably function in the transport of materials across the nuclear membrane. They should, therefore, be significant in relation to the occurrence of the cytoplasmic nucleoproteins demonstrated by Caspersson and his colleagues and should also be discussed in connection with the differentiation and distribution of plasmagenes. 6. The limiting membranes of chloroplasts and other plastids are also finely perforate structures. "Plastodesmata," similar in structure to nucleodesmata, unite stroma and cytoplasm and presumably function actively in transport of material. 7. Since the visibility of the nucleus depends on partial dehydration, the nuclear volumes hitherto recorded give an entirely erroneous picture of the nucleus in action in the living cell. 8. Nucleoplasm and cytoplasm form a continuous network within the individual cell, an integral part of the protoplasmic reticulum of the plant as a whole.


ABSTRACT Numerical solutions of two quasi-two-dimensional models for water hammer problems under laminar flow conditions are proposed. The solutions are based on modified Chebyshev polynomial expansion of radial distribution of velocities. The collocation method is used to solve for the expansion coefficients. Spatial variation in the axial direction and time advancement are treated using the method of characteristics. One model includes the radial velocity components in the continuity equation while the other is focused on the cross-sectional mean velocity without the radial component. The effect of including the radial velocity component in the flow system is evaluated. The Chebyshev polynomials constitute an orthogonal basis for approximating numerical solutions and show suitable behaviour of the expansion coefficients.


Management of unresectable colon cancer in the liver is a common dilemma. Baque et al. have developed an exciting approach, namely direct injection of naked DNA plasmid containing the suicide gene, cytosine deaminase, followed by treatment with 5-fluorocytosine, which is converted to 5-FU by the expressed suicide gene. These experiments were conducted in rats with established liver tumors after receiving cancer cells into the right and left lobes. Naked DNA was injected only in the left lobe tumors. Despite limited suicide gene expression, both left and right lobe tumors regressed with treatment indicating a local and distant bystander effect, which was associated with NK cell infiltration of tumors. Thus, the local killing of cancer cells seems to trigger a systemic immune response. Although more work is needed to address how the plasmid is taken up by cancer cells, to define the specific target of the immune response, and to optimize the treatment, thisappears tobeapromisingapproachfor treatmentof unresectable liver tumors. (See HEPATOLOGY 2002;35:1144-1152.)


Aims: To compare microbiological safety of yogurt, kefir and different combinations of yogurt and kefir samples by using three foodborne pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes 4b and Yersinia enterocolitica O3) as indicators.


ABSTRACT This article examines intercultural discourses in the Mapuche context of the Araucanía region of Chile, based on the material and enunciative conditions which sustain their circulation. These conditions shape an environment where, over the last 30 years, developmentalist rhetoric has defined the State's intercultural project. This has criminalized ways of life that oppose extractivism as a model of development. The systematicity of violence continues to reproduce other types of systematicities, such as practices of resistance which adopt the specific form of 'territorial control'. This article proposes that such practices, or counter-conducts to ethnodevelopment, are political technologies that produce new subjectivities and ways of life. They involve a strong commitment to the 'truth' of collective memory for individuals who are exposed to life-threatening or 'borderline' experiences caused by a militarized neoliberal rationale.


ABSTRACT: The creaming velocity, apparent viscosity, and ultrasonic attenuation spectra (1 to 50 MHz) of 5 wt% n hexadecane oil-in-water emulsions containing different droplet radii (r = 0.15 - 0.7 μm), biopolymer types (gum arabic or modified starch), and biopolymer concentrations (0 to 2.5 wt%) were measured. Depletion flocculation was observed in the emulsions when the nonabsorbed biopolymer concentration exceeded a critical concentration (CFC). The CFC increased with decreasing droplet radius for both biopolymers because the magnitude of the depletion attraction increases with droplet size. The CFC was lower for gum arabic than modified starch because it has a higher effective volume in solution. Depletion flocculation led to an increase in creaming instability and apparent viscosity of the emulsions. Flocculation could be nondestructively monitored by measuring the decrease in ultrasonic attenuation of the emulsions. These results show that depletion flocculation by gum arabic and modified starch can have an adverse effect on the stability of beverage emulsions.


Laser infrared Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has become one competitive remote sensing (RS) and photogrammetry technique. Extracting rivers' distribution from LiDAR's point cloud is one of its important research directions. But traditional methods are not completely suitable for the ranging data of LiDAR. Novel algorithm with profile factor as the kernel circle is proposed for rivers' automatic recognition. Image unification, edge extraction and skeleton generation are the premier three steps. The profile factor of morphology can be expressed as shape functions for concrete judgement. Natural rivers' profile is like "U" form, and artificial water-body's can be simplified as "M" figure. While highway's section can be considered as "W" shape. Then corresponding profile factor functions (PFF) can be established for determination. The experimental comparisons show that the results by the proposed algorithm are close to which from high-resolution RS images by manual interpretation. * Corresponding author.


In his earlier papers describing his method of examining the female bladder, Dr. Howard Kelly recommended that the necessary elevation of the pelvis be obtained by placing pillows under the hips as the patient lay on a flat table in the lithotomy position. More recently he has advocated the genupectoral posture as more advantageous. Each of these methods has certain disadvantages. When the first posture is adopted, the examination is frequently unsatisfactory. The elevation necessarily leads to a flexing of the upper part of the abdomen on itself. This interferes with the free descent of the intestines toward the diphragm, which is necessary to the complete distension of the bladder with air. The hips can not be raised much above twelve or fourteen inches without discomfort to the patient if she be not anesthetized, and if an anesthetic be employed, the cramping of the abdomen interferes with free respiration. In


In this paper, an efficient algorithm which combines quartic B-spline for the space discretization and classical finite difference methods such as Crank-Nicolson, for the time discretization to solve nonlinear Jaulent-Miodek coupled equations has been studied. Von-Neumann stability analysis shows that the numerical scheme is unconditionally stable. The numerical results show that the proposed method is a successful numerical technique for solving these problems. Also, comparing numerical solution with other methods demonstrates that our method is accurate and readily implemented. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65M70, 41A15, 65M12.


Good quality data is an essential part for the purpose of reaching an accurate and trusted machine learning model , However the present gained datasets in the real world usually contains some serious issues like wrong values , missing data , outliers or data noises , which can lead to the problem of producing wrong machine learning algorithms . the research explore the effectiveness of different data cleaning techniques in improving data quality for machine learning works . the research compares and estimate the vary ways for data cleaning technics and their performance such as handling missing values, outlier detection and removal, data normalization, and feature scaling. Through comparing between different datasets and observing their behavior , the research analyses the effect of each technics in the datasets and the subsequent impact in the production in the machine learning model. The result of this research is going to contribute and assets data scientists in the process of making a better design when preparing datasets for a machine learning model . by dedicating the correct data cleaning technics , the world can improved the reliability and the consistency of a machine learning models which fundamentally will lead to the improvement of decision making in a different ranges .


Urban designers have the unique background to deal with the experiential qualities of cities. Worldwide unprecedented urban growth strains the quality of life on many levels ‒ walkability of streets, sociability of public spaces, access to recreation and nature, the journey to work, assault from urban noise, safety, health and much more. This cluster of qualities might be termed 'liveability'. Through their training and special professional orientation urban designers can improve urban life through the design and management of many of these dimensions. While urban designers are often called upon to develop plans for large-scale new developments that focus on patterns of land use and transportation, economic feasibility and aesthetics, today a paramount concern of the field that transcends functional planning and design is the creation of liveable cities. The components of liveability are multiple and complex, including not only the built environment, but also social, economic and natural factors. They vary somewhat across cities and cultures, and certainly are not absolute. Urban design can address many of these factors, but not all. The form of residential, civic, commercial and work places contributes significantly to a city's liveability and desirability as a place to live and work. Convenient access systems are essential including walkability and bikeability; connectivity of the street grid and block size; convenient access to parks and recreation, schools, libraries, local shops and services; and transportation systems that allow us to move about efficiently by a variety of modes. Other dimensions include the quality and character of its public spaces as well as of its built form. Residential environments need to be comfortable and safe to live in, and designed to support the needs of diverse age, cultural and economic groups. A highly liveable city respects its natural setting and builds on its landscape qualities as well as on its history, providing visible connections with its past. Design that responds to micro-climate factors such as solar access and wind are especially important in high density urban settings to assure comfort at the ground level. Finally, protection from hazards such as earthquake, landslide, wild fire, flood, tsunami or sea level rise is fundamental to sustaining urban life. The healthfulness of an urban environment, a fundamental liveability value, depends upon many of these dimensions. What knowledge does an urban designer need to design and manage for liveability? To understand the urban design dimensions of liveability and to become adept at enhancing it through design and planning, students will benefit from knowledge of theories and histories of urban form; methods for observing and measuring liveability; the role of urban


A phenomenon of a strong irreversible variation of the refractive index (Δn approximately equals - 0.2) in a subsurface layer of the lithium niobate crystal has been observed. The effect arises under the strong absorption of high-power radiation with wavelength 248 nm of KrF excimer laser. The characteristics of the subsurface photorefractive effect (SPRE) were identified by using the data on measurements of the reflection coefficient of a crystal and of the diffraction efficiency of a recorded phase grating. About 40% of niobium and oxygen atoms has been found to be displaced from the lattice points in the 350 ± 50 angstrom subsurface layer. This phenomenon was used for creation of some integrated optics elements.


s Derek Houston (talk 1) Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA English-learning infants' segmentation of wor ds from fluent speech: A summary of findings In a seminal study, Jusczyk and Aslin (1995) used a modified version of the Headturn Preference Procedure (HPP) to investigate English-learning (E-L) infants' segmentation of words from fluent speech. They found evidence that by 7.5 months of age, E-L infants can segment monosyllabic words from fluent speech. Since that study, a number of investigators have used the HPP to further explore E-L infants' segmentation skills. The picture that is emerging from these studies is that E-L infants' early speech segmentation is influenced by their sensitivity to the rhythmic properties of English words and by language-general factors, such as coarticulation, transitional probabilities of syllables, and lexical knowledge. By 11 months of age, E-L infants' are able to incorporate additional cues into their segmentation strategies: phonotactic probabilities and allophonic cues. E-L infants' ability to segment word from fluent speech appears to be influenced also by whether the words are nouns or verbs. Taken together, these findings suggest that E-L infants may use multiple cues in parallel to segment words from fluent speech. Infants learning other languages likely use multiple cues to segment words from fluent speech as well. However, the cues that are used and the relative utility of each cue for segmentation may differ substantially across languages. We will discuss how the studies with E-L infants may and may not inform us about investigating speech segmentation in infants learning other languages. Marina Nespor (talk 2) University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Phonological differences in word segmentation In my talk I will take into consideration different mechanisms that have been hypothesized to contribute to early speech segmentation. For each, I will address the issue of the contribution of different phonological systems to the effectiveness of the mechanism. Both language specific and general acquisition mechanisms will be considered. The effect of different phonologies on word segmentation will be addressed in relation to the utilization of a) transition probabilities among syllables and segments, b) the identification of the rhythmic class, c) the location of word primary stress, d) phonotactic constraints. Particular attention will be given to the first mechanism, in relation with recent results concerning the utilization of the C tier in word segmentation. Dorthes Bleses & Hans Basboll (talk 3) University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Danish sound structure – a challenge for early word segmentation? It has been shown that Danish children's early word acquisition is relatively delayed when compared to children with many other mother tongues. In this talk, we shall take a typological view on aspects of the Danish sound structure which may be a contribution factor to such results, together with important social conditions in present-day Denmark. Due to a complicated segmental phonology in Danish (not least the many close front vowels and the weak vowel reduction and consonant weakening processes), and a weakly signalled utterance prosody, some specific cues which have been studied and shown to be effective in other languages for segmentation purposes, are weak or non-existing in Danish. We will survey some potential cues in relation to the Danish sound structure and discuss their implications for segmentation. Preliminary results from a pilot segmentation experiment will be included in the presentation. Nathalie Vallée (talk 4) Institut de la communication parlée, CNRS, Grenoble, France Universal syllabic patterns, lexical unit structures and sensori-motor constraints The aim of the communication will be the syllabic organization of lexical units. We will present results based on a 15 natural language database. We are interested in cooccurences between phonemes of the same syllable and those of two consecutive syllables. Computed ratios between observed and expected syllables show that combinations are clearly favoured, others disfavoured, and we claim that some of them can be explained by sensori-motor constraints. Anne Christophe,* Séverine Millotte* & Ariel Gout** (talk 5) *Labo. Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, EHESS-ENS-CNRS, Paris, France ** CHU Bicetre, Kremlin-Bicetre, France Comparing French and American infants' early word segmentation abilities with two experimental techniques: HPP and word detection. In a recent paper we observed that American 10and 13-month-olds exploit phonological phrase boundaries to constrain lexical access (e.g. they do not attempt to access to the word 'paper' in a sentence like 'the man with the least pay perspires constantly; Gout, Christophe & Morgan 2004, Journal of Memory and Language). These results were obtained with a two-session variant of the conditioned head-turning paradigm that corresponds to a 'word-detection' task. We replicated these studies with French materials and infants. With French 16-month-olds we obtained results similar Early word segmentation: a crosslinguistic approach taking advantage of Europe's linguistic diversity to the American studies; in contrast, French 13-month-olds seemed to find it very hard to perform the word-detection task. There are two possible reasons for this cross-linguistic difference: 1. French may be harder to segment into words, initially, than American English; 2. there may be methodological differences between labs that make the technique more sensitive in Providence than in Paris. To attempt to distinguish between these two interpretations, we ran another series of experiments using another experimental technique, namely HPP (as used by Jusczyk & Aslin 1995). In a series of 9 experiments with infants aged between 8 months and 13 months, we observed a significant preference for familiar words only in 13-month-olds; a marginally significant tendency in two groups of 11-month-olds, and no difference in younger infants. Taken together, these results suggest that French infants find it hard to segment words from continuous speech before the age of 12 months, thus exhibiting a delay of several months compared to American infants. We discuss the possible reasons for this difference in behavior (language, culture...). Thierry Nazzi, Séverine Frédonie, Josiane Bertoncini & Galina Iakimova (talk 6) Laboratoire Cognition et Développement, CNRS-Université Paris 5, France The role of the syllable in early speech segmentation in French Studies with English-learning infants suggested that these infants start, segmenting speech into trochaic units, which correspond to the rhythmic unit of English to which the majority of bisyllabic English words confirm. This trochaic based segmentation procedure would not be useful for French, given that lexical accentuation is weak and word-final in French, and the rhythmic unit in French is the syllable. Thus, the development of word segmentation in French should follow a different trajectory in which individual syllables play a more important role. We first evaluated whether French infants (from Paris) initially segment bisyllabic words as wholes, or if they segment their initial and final syllables independently. Neither 8nor 12-month-olds appeared to segment bisyllables as whole units; final syllables started to be segmented between 8 and 12 months, while we found no evidence of the segmentation of initial syllables at 12 months. The results for the 12-month-olds are partly compatible with the hypothesis of the use of a syllable-based segmentation procedure for French. Moreover, the results at both ages show a lag in the emergence of segmentation abilities compared to results found for English and, more recently, for French Canadian infants. Indeed, Polka et al. (2003) found that French Canadian 8-month-olds can segment bisyllabic words, when the stimuli are recorded by a French Canadian speaker, but also when they are recorded by a Parisian French speaker. This different segmentation outcome might reflect differences in Parisian and Canadian French dialects, but could also reflect differences between the speech modes of the stimuli used with the Parisian infants (intonated adult-directed speech) and those used with the French Canadian infants (infant-directed speech). We will present new research exploring the role of speech mode, using Polka et al's Parisian French stimuli to test Parisian French infants. Linda Polka (talk 7) McGill University, Montreal, Canada Word segmentation in infants acquiring Canadian dialects of French and English In this talk we will present findings from our laboratory on segmentation of bi-syllabic words by infants who are acquiring English or French or both languages in Montreal, Quebec. Our studies build on previous findings with infants learning American English and provide data to compare segmentation of rhythmically different languages in infants who are exposed to rhythmically different languages. With respect to French, we have examined word segmentation in native language (Canadian French), cross-language (Canadian English vs Canadian French) and cross-dialect (Canadian French vs European French) conditions. Our findings to date show that infants acquiring Canadian French segment bi-syllable words when tested using French stimuli at the same age that English-learning infants show this skills for trochaic words in English ( 8 months) but they fail in a cross-language segmentation task (segmenting trochaic words in English). Work currently underway explores the segmentation strategies used by Canadian French and bilingual (French & English) infants. Potential explanations for discrepancies observed in segmentation behaviour of infants acquiring Canadian French and Parisian French will be outlined. Valesca Kooijman (talk 8) University of Nijmegen Max Planck Institute for Psycholin


Hepatic venous bed malformations occurring during intrauterine development are observed relatively rare but are still rather diversified. Reports of prenatal diagnostics of umbilicoportosystemic venous liver malformations revealed during an ultrasound study are few in number. A case of gradual non-invasive diagnostics of malformations of the umbilical vein manifested through intraluminal bleeding in a 3-month-old child was described. Differential diagnosis between a rare malformation and malignant liver tumor was made.


A statistical study is made of the children born up to first admission to married women hospitalized for serious mental disease in Norway 1936–1975. 30,428 women were registered, with a total of 60,916 children. This observed number of children was related to the number to be expected if the fertility of the patients had been equal to that of a corresponding sample of the general population. The relative fertility (number of children observed per 100 expected) was found to have increased moderately from 72.4 in 1936‐45 to 83.6 in 1966–75. There was no difference between the diagnostic categories, in particular not between schizophrenia and manic‐depression.


Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are becoming a serious concern in many water bodies. Predicting the formation of these blooms help waterbody stakeholders take appropriate actions and treatment plans for algae management. Many factors such as Alkalinity, Surface Temperature (ST), Precipitation, the effect of nutrients, etc., contribute to bloom formation and can vary based on geographical regions. This paper is focused on a region-based analysis and identifying factors contributing to the large concentration of cyanobacteria. The study includes several lakes from the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. We investigate a multi-variate time series analysis using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) / Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and ARIMAX models and evaluated their Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) and Mean Arctangent Absolute Percentage Error (MAAPE) scores. The preliminary results indicate that the Northern region dataset has a forecasting accuracy of 98%. VAR/VECM models outperform ARIMAX models. The Granger-causality test indicates that Surface Temperature (ST) played an important role in bloom formation in the Northern region lakes, while other regional results in conducive.


This paper reports a questionnaire survey on utilization of various tools and methods in the product development process of Japanese manufacturing industries. After its background and purpose are described, the result is discussed on their awareness and utilization, the relationships with promotion activities, types of industry, organizational structure, and product development cycle, etc. Further, the gotten result is partially compared with the preceding studies in some Western countries to reveal the underling mechanism in promotion of product development tools and methods.


Leptonetids are very tiny (1.03.0 mm) haplogyne spi ders. Most species have six distinctively arranged eyes with the anterior median eyes absent. Their legs are long and slender. They construct irregular sheet webs in plant litter on the ground or in the corner of caves and mines. Currently, Leptonetidae is composed of 22 genera, with 72 described species in the genus Leptoneta occurring in the Europe, Mediterranean region, and Southeast and Fareast Asia (Platnick 2014). In Korea, 19 species of Leptoneta have been recorded from caves and plant lit ter (Paik et al., 1969; Paik, 1980; 1985; Paik and Seo, 1982; 1984; Namkung, 1987; 2001; Seo, 1989; Kim, Lee, and Namkung, 2004; Kim et al., 2004). Most of Korean letonetid spiders showed high regional ende mism because they are not found in areas other than type localities. This paper describes two new litterinhabiting leptonetids, Leptoneta chilbosanensis sp. nov. from Mt. Chilbosan, Gyeonggido, and Lepto neta naejangsanensis sp. nov. from Mt. Naejangsan, Jeollabukdo Chung cheongbukdo, from Korea.


As follows from the relationships (1) to (3), assessment of efficiency of cutterheads, excavation advance rate and consumption of cutting tools is based on knowledge of so-called crucial technological properties of rocks (workability R, abrasiveness Fv and degree of rock fracturing SP) (see Fig. 12). Also specific power consumption SE, giving a picture of another data necessary for the decision-making, was incorporated into the assessment of crucial technological properties of rock.


Did you know there are over 320 species of bees in Florida and over 4,000 in the United States? Wild bees vary widely in behavior, color, size, and shape. Written by James R. Weaver, Shiala M. Naranjo, Emily Noordyke, and Rachel E. Mallinger and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, Bees of Florida is a two-page pdf guide to some common bee groups and species you may encounter in Florida. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1285


: We generalize the construction by Aharony, Hashimoto, Hirano, and Ouyang of N = 4 quiver gauge theory with gauge group U( N + M ) (cid:2) U( N ), k fundamentals charged under U( N ) and bi-fundamentals, to the case with gauge group Q ^ ki =1 U( N i ) with k i fundamentals charged under U( N i ). This construction is facilitated by considering the resolved ALE ^ k (cid:2) T N k background in M-theory including non-trivial (cid:13)uxes through the resolved 4-cycles in the geometry. We also describe the M-theory lift of the IIA Page charge quantization condition. Finally, we clarify the role of string corrections in various regimes of parameter space.


The cross sections for the hadroproduction of the χ 1 and χ 2 states of charmonium in proton-silicon collisions at √ s = 38 . 8 GeV have been measured in Fermilab fixed target Experiment 771. The χ states were observed via their radiative decay to J/ψγ , where the photon converted to e + e − in the material of the spectrometer. The measured values for the χ 1 and χ 2 cross sections for x F > 0 are 263 ± 69(stat) ± 32(syst) and 498 ± 143(stat) ± 67(syst) nb per nucleon respectively. The resulting σ ( χ 1 ) /σ ( χ 2 ) ratio of 0.53 ± 0.20(stat) ± 0.07(syst), although somewhat larger than most theoretical expectations, can be accomodated by the latest theoretical estimates.


We have studied the linear conductance and source–drain bias spectroscopies of clean and disordered quantum wires (QWs) against thermal cycling and lateral shifting, which change the impurity configuration. Conductance quantization and the zero bias anomaly (ZBA) are robust in clean QWs. In contrast, disordered QWs show complexities in the ways of conductance resonance, peak splitting and trace crossing in source–drain bias spectroscopies. The experimental results and theoretical predictions are in congruence. Moreover, the resonant state arising from the impurities results in either a single peak or double-splitting peaks in the spectroscopies from the detailed impurity configurations. The resonant splitting peaks are found to influence the ZBA, indicating that a clean QW is crucial for investigating the intrinsic characteristics of the ZBA of QWs.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of working conditions at school on teachers' level of instructional media use in the primary school system of Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The survey was made on a sample of 139 (24.4 % female and male 75.6 %) teachers who were randomly drawn from 9 primary schools (four rural and five urban primary schools). The instruments used to generate data were self-reported questionnaires tapping the level of instructional media use and the associated school-level environmental factors. The findings based on Factor Analysis revealed three independent dimensions of school environment factors related to the use of instructional media by teachers. It is further disclosed that the level of use of instructional media is low with an average frequency of use swinging between once in two weeks to twice in three weeks during four weeks of instruction. The implications of the findings related to pre-service and in-service teacher training are also discussed.


Through its commitment to forest issues at international level, the Swiss Confederation aims to identify solutions for global forest problems, on the one hand, and to protect its own forest-related national interests, on the other. The general public's awareness of topics like the destruction of the rain forest and the trade in tropical timber is focused mainly on global problems, the resolution of which is a matter of particular concern for the Swiss population. The outcome of the associated international environmental negotiations also influences forest-relevant policies at national level as international agreements also have to be implemented at home. This essay identifies such correlations and provides information about international processes and the approaches adopted by the federal authorities to improve conditions for the protection and sustainable management of all forests. The challenges facing forests at national, European and international levels are also examined.


Cotton fabric (CF) reinforced geopolymer composites are fabricated with fibre loadings of 4.5, 6.2 and 8.3 wt%. Results show that flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, hardness and fracture toughness are increased as the fibre content increased. The ultimate mechanical properties were achieved with a fibre content of 8.3 wt%. The effect of water absorption on mechanical and physical properties of CF eywords: eopolymer composites icrostructures echanical properties ater absorption reinforced geopolymer composites is also investigated. The magnitude of maximum water uptake and diffusion coefficient is increased with an increase in fibre content. Flexural strength, modulus, impact strength, hardness and fracture toughness values are decreased as a result of water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to characterise the microstructure and failure mechanisms of dry and wet cotton fibre reinforced geopolymer composites. Crown Copyright © 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Ceramic Society of


ICT seems well understood as a tool and an infrastructure for delivering information and services for the society and for allowing communications through interactions among the service users —mostly, the digital society. Using ICT for ensuring better life requires far more than good infrastructure, ICT know-how and the various techniques and tools in place. If ICT has to address the real problems of the society, it should be at a rescue being environment-friendly, with real and tangible impact, sustainable, seamless, down to the grass-roots and above all with reproducible experiences. In this paper, we introduce a different perspective of looking into and using ICT, which we call ICT for Good (ICT4G). It is about using ICT for addressing problems of societies with low ICT penetration and changing a society's life for the better. More specifically, based on our observation of current promises ICT gives to society, we discuss ICT4G's distinguishing aspects, opportunities it offers, challenges it imposes along with preliminary roadmap for its realization. A high-level correlation of what we pointed out with a relevant case study (i.e., the eGIF4M1) is presented.


Firstly, the disadvantages of the traditional method of remainder inequation used to detect the divergence of Kalman filter based on single measurement are analyzed in detail. Then a new method is first presented by means of a matrix sequence limit, according to the stability of filtering process. The key to the method is four equivalent divergence detecting conditions based on filtering process. Particularly, our method is insensitive to the measurement outlier and mainly characterized by being not based on single measurement but on filtering process. So our method can detect divergence with high reliability, high validity and strong outlier resistance, and reduce the risk of false detection that the traditional method has. Finally, a useful detecting arithmetic is given. Simulation shows that the result is correct and effective.


Under the leading and participation of multinational companies,"embedding"has become the greatest characteristic of industrial cluster in Suzhou.Under the background of global value chain,the cluster enterprise internationalization growth mechanism involves variables:"network embeddings relationship","knowledge rents",and the"enterprise internationalization growth".Depending on the relationship between the external network,cluster enterprise can effectively acquire knowledge rent,thus playing a significant role on the internationalization growth.The cluster enterprises should strengthen and maintenance the construction of external network connection relationship,and dynamically adjust the rent for the cultivation of different dimensions of knowledge,thus speeding up its international growth process and improving the international competitiveness.


n adolescents in the city of Loja", in which they were affected based on three aspects: knowledge, profession and experience. Consecutively, the action-research method and techniques were used, such as: rainbow, the tree of causes and effects, the tree of means and fines and the interviews that allowed to be in contact with the main actors and the problem treated, these tools being useful to obtain real and qualitative information in a relevant and direct way from local authorities and institutions. Establish strategies that help reduce pregnancy at an early age and promote adequate sexual awareness and orientation.
Indeed, in the city of Loja, dealing with sexual and reproductive health issues is still considered a taboo, so it is recommended that campaigns that generate greater awareness be implemented both in the family environment and in the educational and institutional environment. in adolescents, improving their sexual education, which is directed and aimed at reducing this problem.


The purpose of this  study  was to know  correlation between  parent s  social  support  and commitment to task (task commitment) of acceleration students in the high school level. The participants of this study were acceleration students in the high school (using technique of total population study). It is used Product Moment correlation technique using SPS-2000 which show the correlation coefficient score rxy  = 0.531 with (p)  0.000 to be p <0.01 (significant).  This indicates the  correlation between parent s  social  support  and  commitment  to  task  (task  commitment)  acceleration  students  in  the  high school  level.  The  effective  contribution  of  parent s  social  support  with  commitment  to  task  (task commitment) is  28.2%, so there are still 71.8% other variables not examined in  this study ,  such as ideals  or  aspirations  of  students,  students  abilities,  condition  of  students,  condition  of  physical environment and social environment (friends), the dynamic elements in learning, learning process, and  teachers  efforts  to  teach  the  students.


Cloud computing is a rising field in the information technology (IT) industry because of its performance, low cost, high availability and much more. Cloud providers offer several storage services for their users in an efficient manner. Cloud users are allowed to store their data on cloud server using cloud storage and reduce the burden of storing and retrieving in the local machine. The data leakage, lack of proper security control policy and weakness in the data entry are the main worries of the companies. So that a cloud data security models should be able to overcome all the possible issues of cloud computing, so as to provide the benefits of cloud computing and preventing the owner's data from all the risks associated. We intend to propose a secure cloud storage system ECC algorithm for encryption and decryption process. Initially, the user sends a request to the cloud server provider (CSP) for storing a file in a cloud. In this phase we will give one password to the user and verification sign also have some security level questions. Then the CSP will verify that data and accept that file and encrypt that file and stored on the cloud server. If the user wants that file means they send a request to CSP also they will send a password and send a verification signature and some security level questions after they will decrypt the file and send to the user.


A differentially pumped ultrahigh vacuum scanning electron microscope with full electron-optical performance has been constructed using a specially designed versatile specimen chamber mounted on to a high quality electron-optical column, modified to withstand suitable baking temperatures. The equipment can operate as a scanning microscope at a working pressure of 0.3 nTorr or better whilst retaining a resolution of 100-200 AA (depending on the specimen). It has been fitted with an airlock, and a specimen stage having five degrees of freedom plus facilities for heating or cooling. This paper gives brief design details specifying the vacuum and electron-optical performance achieved. Some of the special problems of applying ultrahigh vacuum techniques to scanning electron microscopy are outlined.


Differences exist between the exchange market and the OTC market.To facilitate regulation and risk prevention,the advancement in science and technology is increasingly bringing the OTC business into the exchange market.However,not all OTC business is proper for floor trading,except the highly standardized.In formulating business rules,stock exchanges should take the positions of market players into account in their self-governance and measure the involvement in OTC business,in order to guard against business risks and ensure the interests of the investing public.


Side channels attacks can steal sensitive information from programs and exploit hardware behavior to bypass traditional security measures. These side channels often come from inherent flaws in a computer system's design rather than individual errors in a system's implementation. Conducting extensive security reviews over a system by hand can be costly and time-consuming. This paper presents a system to automatically detect potential side channels in an instruction set architecture (ISA) specification, drastically reducing the search space a human needs to investigate. Although our analysis is limited to the ISA, the methodology we present in this paper can be applied to discover side channels in the microarchitecture. Our analysis finds six different information leaks that can occur at the ISA level.


We are developing an automated method for tracking the entire vascular tree in x-ray angiographic images. The vascular tree information which is obtained by our tracking method can be used for automated analyses of angiographic images such as detection and quantitation of vascular lesions identification of regions related to diseased vessels reconstruction of 3D representations from biplane images and analysis of blood flow. Our tracking method incorporates an efficient way of sampling the image data a connectivity test to assure that the tracking follows paths which are within vascular segments and a guided-search method in which information from nearby regions of the image is used to guide the tracking. Our current tracking method is more robust than a previous method and is capable of accurately tracking complex vascular trees which include tortuous vessels.


Background: An expert panel convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs and the Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry conducted a systematic review and formulated clinical recommendations for the urgent management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without symptomatic apical periodontitis, pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis, or pulp necrosis and localized acute apical abscess using antibiotics, either alone or as adjuncts to definitive, conservative dental treatment (DCDT) in immunocompetent adults. Types of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted a search of the literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL to retrieve evidence on benefits and harms associated with antibiotic use. Authors used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty in the evidence, and the Evidence-to-Decisions Framework. Results: The panel formulated five clinical recommendations and two good practice statements, each specific to the target conditions, for settings where DCDT is and is not immediately available. With likely negligible benefits and potentially large harms, the panel recommended against using antibiotics in the majority of clinical scenarios, irrespective of DCDT availability. They recommended antibiotics in patients with systemic involvement (e.g., malaise, fever) due to the dental conditions, or when the risk of progression to systemic involvement is high. Conclusion and Practical Implications: Evidence suggests that antibiotics for the target conditions may provide negligible benefits and probably contributes to large harms. The expert panel only suggests antibiotics for target conditions when systemic involvement is present, and immediate DCDT should be prioritized in all cases. or as adjuncts to DCDT has been largely studied, and the balance between benefits and harms when systemic involvement is present is well established. panel ranked allergic reaction due to antibiotics, anaphylaxis due to antibiotics, and fatal anaphylaxis due to antibiotics as critical outcomes. The panel defined and ranked (critical, important, or not important for decision-making) outcomes a priori. The panel ranked pain and intra-oral swelling as a critical outcomes. The panel ranked total number of NSAIDS used and total number of rescue analgesics used, malaise, trismus, fever, cellulitis, additional dental visit, and additional medical visit, allergic reaction, endodontic flare-up, diarrhea, CDI, and repeat procedure as important outcomes. The panel ranked community-associated CDI and mortality due to community-associated CDI as critical outcomes, and community-associated CDI related to a dental prescription for antibiotics as an important outcome. The panel antibiotic-resistant The panel ranked community-associated CDI related costs, antibiotic-resistant infections related costs, and cost-effectiveness of antibiotics to treat symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without symptomatic apical periodontitis, pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis, or pulp necrosis and localized acute apical as critical outcomes. The panel ranked community-associated CDI related costs associated with a dental prescription for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant infection related costs associated with a dental prescriptions for antibiotics as important outcomes. The panel ranked all hospitalization and anaphylaxis outcomes as important.


Confronting the reality of widespread emergence of regional trade agreements and the inability of WTO to regulate them effectively,the legal function of GATT ArticleⅩⅩⅣneeds to be reflected and adjusted.An interdisciplinary paradigm combining international law and legal philosophy is a new way worthy of exploring.The traditional doctrine of ArticleⅩⅩⅣon the basis of"building blocks"for the world trade liberalization is presently hard to test in technological sense and also carries a disadvantage of social utilitarianism.The essential legal function of ArticleⅩⅩⅣlies not in creating the"building blocks"for the world trade liberalization,but in a macro constraint on regional trade agreements to maintain a minimum stability and predictability of the legal order of international trade community.Therefore,the legal order of international trade community is a dynamic and soft one with continuous reflection and correction in a process of interacting practice.


In daily activities, we demand to move several organs that are coordinated by a network of body systems (muscular, nervous and osseous). In the
Functional Evaluations(FE), several tests are performed, among them there is
the palmar grip that analyzes the behavior of corpora systems and offers feedback to patients about possible command failures. Thus, in this work we implemented a glove, using Velostat, to assist Physiotherapists in end-to-end palmar
grip tests, offering results with muscle strength progression and touch sensitivity
identification. Tests were performed to determine the viability and function of
the glove. In addition, we perform detailed examinations on "normal"people.


Medical advancements in the 21st century have enabled people to do things that were once beyond our imagination. Medical science today is not only limited to curing diseases but it also includes cochlear implants, eye implants, organ donation/ transfer etc. It was in the 1960s that the ASPS (American Society of Plastic Surgeons) found a new substance called silicone to treat skin imperfections. The experiment escalated to a point that the MD of Houston, Thomas Cronin discovered that the same element could be used in breast implants. Since then, there have been around 15.7 million minimally invasive cosmetic procedures and about 1.8 million cosmetic surgical procedures that include breast augmentation, liposuction, nose reshaping, eyelid surgeries and tummy tuck (statistics provided by ASPS). However, apart from the people who indulge in such types of surgeries to fix their imperfections, there are also a group of people who have undergone unnecessary and harsh surgeries in order to express their thoughts or to look like a cartoon character they fantasized in their childhood. The Barbie or the cartoon characters were created to imitate humans, but in the present scenario, people have the mindset to imitate cartoons and dolls. Makeup was not enough to hide bodily imperfections which is why some people resorted to solving them with surgeries, 'the permanent solution'. This paper looks into the cases of Pixee Fox, Valeria Lukyanova and Vinny Ohh particularly, who have undergone drastic surgeries to look animated. Even though the far-reaching possibilities of medical science has been proved through these patients (victims), it can not be denied that such unnecessary surgeries need to be stopped because it is harmful and has resulted to side effects and deaths.