Study Design: Biomechanical study. Objectives: Failure of pedicle screws is a major problem in spinal surgery not only postoperatively, but also intraoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cement augmentation may restore mounting of initially loosened pedicle screws. Methods: A total of 14 osteoporotic or osteopenic human cadaveric vertebral bodies (L2)—according to quantitative computed tomography (QCT)—were instrumented on both sides by conventional pedicle screws and cement augmented on 1 side. In vitro fatigue loading (cranial-caudal sinusoidal, 0.5 Hz) with increasing peak force (100 N + 0.1 N/cycles) was applied until a screw head displacement of 5.4 mm (∼20°) was reached. After loosening, the nonaugmented screw was rescue augmented, and fatigue testing was repeated. Results: The fatigue load reached 207.3 N for the nonaugmented screws and was significantly (P = .009) exceeded because of initial cement augmentation (300.6 N). The rescue augmentation after screw loosening showed a fatigue load of 370.1 N which was significantly higher (P < .001) compared with the nonaugmented screws. The impact of bone density on fatigue strength decreased from the nonaugmented to the augmented to the rescue-augmented screws and shows the greatest effect of cement augmentation on fatigue strength at low bone density. Conclusions: Rescue augmentation leads to similar or higher fatigue strengths compared with those of the initially augmented screws. Therefore, the cement augmentation of initially loosened pedicle screws is a promising option to restore adequate screw stability.


This research is the first empirical study to examine ethnic minority gangs which have emerged within the Singapore prisons. It argues that the distinctive forms these entities have assumed in terms of history, struc ture, subculture, geography and ideologies have to be appreciated in the context of the social, economic and political dynamics that exist in wider Singapore soci ety in general and the symbiotic relationship that exist between the formal social control institutions and the institutionalised Chinese secret societies in particular. What is sociologically revealing is that while the latter operating within the prisons tend to recruit non-Chi nese inmates and therefore more 'out-group' orien tated in their recruitment strategies, memberships into ethnic minority gangs such as the 'Omega' and 'Sarah Jumbo' ‐ the two important minority gangs in prisons ‐ are restricted to inmates of the same 'race', pointing to a conceptualisation of gangs in prisons as a racialised phenomenon as far as the Singapore con text is concerned.


The soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) is an important topic in the research of unsaturated soil since it is a principal basis to estimate parameters of permeability and shearing strength.Therefore,it is essential to select a type of model for describing soil-water characteristics of different kinds of soils from many models.In order to evaluate the effectiveness and difference of FX equation proposed by Fredlund Xing and Modified Kovacs(MK) model in fine-grained soils,the test data of three types of fine-grained soils(i.e.,loess,glacial till,and residual soil) was fitted by using least squares regression analysis,especially considering the different calculation methods of the two models to obtain residual matric suction.It is shown that both the FX equation and MK model perform well in predicting SWCC of the fine-grained soils,but the former is better in overall performance than the latter.


simplest known [1,3] carbon sigmat- ropic pericyclic rea~tion,~~~ yet experiments to determine reaction stereochemistry-the relative importance of the four stereo- chemical modes potentially available for the process-have not been reported. Such experiments have appeared most daunting since deuterium-labeled vinylcyclopropanes are known to suffer thermal stereomutations much faster than they isomerize to labeled cyclopentenes! To get past this awkward circumstance, one would need to prepare suitably labeled vinylcyclopropanes, heat them to cause both stereomutations and structural isomer- izations, analyze recovered starting material and product mixtures at such short reaction times that substantial stereo- chemical integrity remained in the vinylcyclopropanes, and calculate the relative rate constants for the si, ar, sr, and ai paths characterized by suprafacial or antarafacial allylic participation and retention or inversion at the migrating carbon atom. This project has now been accomplished.


In this expository paper, some recent developments in majorization theory are reviewed. Selected topics on group majorizations, group-induced cone orderings, Eaton triples, normal decomposition systems and similarly separable vectors are discussed. Special attention is devoted to majorization inequalities. A unified approach is presented for proving majorization relations for eigenvalues and singular values of matrices. Some methods based on the Chebyshev functional and similarly separable vectors are described. Generalizations of Hardy–Littlewood– Pólya Theorem and Schur–Ostrowski Theorem are presented. Generalized Schur-convex functions are investigated. Extensions of Ky Fan inequalities are provided. Applications to Grüss and Ostrowski type inequalities are given.


This paper reports on two studies undertaken independently by the authors, both of which provide indicative evidence that the system of target setting in writing is exerting an influence on children's perception of what is involved in authoring meaningful texts. In particular, the current emphasis on technical accuracy and neatness in handwriting has worked to limit the role of drawing in children's construction of text. The authors suggest that this tendency has adverse consequences for the development of pupil confidence as the authors of their own meanings, particularly marked in boys. They argue that teachers and educators need to be more understanding of differences in the modes in which pupils choose to make sense of their social and cultural contexts.


Octopus fishery is gaining momentum in India
especially along the north-west coast. The major
centres in Mumbai where octopi are landed by
trawlers are New Ferry Wharf, Sassoon docks and
Versova. Cephalopods comprise about 10.5% of
trawl landings of Maharashtra with octopus
contributing 7.1% (CMFRI, 2006).


This paper is divided in two parts. In the first part we construct a model which describes solitary waves of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation interacting with the electromagnetic field. In the second part we study the electrostatic case. We prove the existence of infinitely many pairs (ψ, E), where ψ is a solitary wave for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and E is the electric field related to ψ.


We discuss the fundamental limits of computing using a new paradigm for quantum computation, cellular automata composed of arrays of coulombically coupled quantum dot molecules, which we term quantum cellular automata (QCA). Any logical or arithmetic operation can be performed in this scheme. QCA's provide a valuable concrete example of quantum computation in which a number of fundamental issues come to light. We examine the physics of the computing process in this paradigm. We show to what extent thermodynamic considerations impose limits on the ultimate size of individual QCA arrays. Adiabatic operation of the QCA is examined and the implications for dissipationless computing are explored.<<ETX>>


The invention provides a manufacturing method of a light emitting component. The method comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; forming a first bragg reflection structure on the substrate; forming a second bragg reflection structure on the first bragg reflection structure; forming a light emitting structure on the second bragg reflection structure; forming a window layer on the light emitting structure; forming a current scattering layer on the window layer; providing a wet oxygen making process system; forming an oxidation region on both the first bragg reflection structure and the second bragg reflection structure, wherein the oxidation regions are formed through reaction in the wet oxygen making process system; and forming an electrode on the current scattering layer.


The pressure wave propagation method is applied here to the study of charging and discharging processes of polymer films of spatial interest. The irradiation of the materials is performed by a monoenergetic electron beam in the range 5–50 keV. Since the irradiated surface of the sample is free, we extended the model of the induced signals, previously developed, to take into account the total reflection of the pressure at the polymer‐vacuum interface. All the experiments, irradiations and measurements, are operated in a vacuum environment. After the description of the experimental setup, typical signals showing the interfacial effects are discussed. They concern the behavior of the sample‐vacuum interface and charge injection at the target‐sample interface. These experiments, which were carried out both on metallized and nonmetallized samples bonded to the target electrode, allow a direct observation of charge injection at interfaces.


Twenty years ago, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act, hoping to improve end-of-life care through the use of advance directives. The statute stimulated the development of a cornucopia of planning documents. Patients can sign a living will that states that they do not want their lives prolonged if they are terminally ill. They can complete an instructional directive that specifies, for each of several clinical scenarios, which listed medical interventions they would want. They can fill out a values history, describing what they care most about, or they can designate a surrogate decision maker to speak on their behalf if . . .


Sir, We read the case report by Urganci et al. [1], presenting a child with Brunner's gland hyperplasia associated with familial intermittent fever and chronic renal failure due to amyloidosis, with great interest. Here, we present a 13-y-old boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and coeliac disease (CD), who was incidentally found to have Brunner's gland adenoma during upper gastrointestinal (GIS) endoscopy, which was performed for taking duodenal biopsy for the diagnosis of CD. A 13-y-old boy with a 4-y history of type 1 DM was found to have anti-endomysial antibody IgA and antigliadin antibodies IgA and IgG positive during screening for CD. He had no GIS symptoms. His weight and height were normal (between the 10th and 25th percentiles); however, his height velocity was 3.3 cm/y. His haemoglobin A1C was 11%. He underwent an upper GIS endoscopy for taking duodenal biopsies for the confirmation of the diagnosis of CD. On upper GIS endoscopy, antral nodularity and a polyp of 1 /1 cm diameter at the first portion of the duodenum were observed. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the antrum and the second part of the duodenum as well as from the mentioned polyp. Rapid urease test was positive. Antral and duodenal biopsy samples, respectively, revealed antral gastritis and grade III lesions according to Marsh classification. Biopsy obtained from the polyp revealed Brunner's gland hyperplasia. Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare, benign, proliferative lesion arising from the Brunner's glands of the duodenum, accounting for 10.6% of benign tumours of the duodenum [2]. They are usually asymptomatic and are thus detected incidentally [2]. Rarely, they may cause duodenal obstruction or upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and require surgical excision [2]. The aetiology of Brunner's gland adenoma is not clear, and it tends to present predominantly in the fifth and sixth decades of life [2]. The most common location for the lesion is the posterior wall of the duodenum near the junction of its first and second portions [2]. The association of Brunner's gland hyperplasia and uraemia is known [1,3,4]; however, its association with either DM or CD has not been reported before. Interestingly, in a study performed in patients with CD, complement activation was detected within the Brunner's glands [5]. This study suggested that Brunner's glands might play an important role in the development of CD. In our patient, Helicobacter pylori gastritis was also present. In a retrospective study, it was reported that 71% of patients with diagnosed Brunner's gland adenoma had concurrent H. pylori infection [6]. However, in countries where H. pylori infection is endemic, as it is in ours, that association should be considered coincidental. Although endoscopic biopsy usually gives a negative result because the tumour is covered with thick duodenal mucosa and the biopsy is often not deep enough to reach the submucosal tumor tissue [2], the endoscopic biopsy specimen was sufficient for diagnosis in our case. Some authors think that it needs no treatment, whereas others recommend endoscopic excision in order to prevent complications [2]. We have not performed endoscopic excision yet. In conclusion, even if the mechanism is not clear and it may only be a coincidence, we thought it deserves attention as this is the first case with DM and CD associated with Brunner's gland hyperplasia.


A review is given of particle detectors commonly used at colliding beam accelerators. Among the detectors discussed are drift chambers, calorimeters, time projection chambers, and microvertex detectors. (AIP)


: Malnutrition as the lack or the abundant flow of macro- and micronutrients increases the risk of gestational anemia, hypertension, miscarriages and fetal deaths during pregnancy, pre-term delivery and maternal mortality. For newborn, it can cause low birth weight, fetal intrauterine growth retardation. The purpose of this study is to identify macro- and micronutrients which are needed to decrease the risk of gestational anemia, hypertension, miscarriages and fetal deaths during pregnancy, to influence of sport on the pregnancy. Methods used include Meta analyse study with literature review of 20 articles published in different international journal related to Nutrition and sport science indexed Scopus from Q4 and by random sampling. The data were analysed according to the general epidemiology of malnutrition. Results show the Lack or surplus of adequate nutrition of good quality and quantity during pregnancy can cause health problems for both the mother and her fetus. The effect of Exercise on Pregnancy is Positive. Exercises during pregnancy help to alleviate many of the common problems of pregnancy. It improves circulation, which helps prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, leg cramps, and swelling of the ankles, physical exercise is very important on the pregnancy during delivery and to improve the wellbeing.


The several trace elements of Salicornia europaea L.were analyzed and tested simultaneously by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),which provided scientific proof for resource research and exploitation.The results indicated that there were many mineral elements such as Cl,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn,Fe,etc in the Salicornia europaea L.and the contents of Cl,Na were determined to be 25.48%,11.96 %,respectively.In addition,this method has many advantages,such as quickness,simplicity,high sensitivity,and wide measuring range,and can be used for quantitative analysis and study of the element of Chinese herbal medicines.


Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among bumblebees using a portion of mitochondrial (mt) 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Eight species of true bumblebees and one species of cuckoo bumblebee (Bombini, Apidae), collected from Korea were included in the analysis. Also, one species of true bumblebee imported from several foreign countries for pollination was included. The length of mt 16S rRNA sequence ranged from 496 bp to 508 bp and sequence divergence ranged from 1.4% (7 bp) to 15.49% (77bp). As expected, a high A+T content was observed (78.5% on average). According to the phylogeny tree derived from parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis, a monphyletic Bombus species, excluding a single cuckoo bumblebee, Psithyrus coreanus, was obtained, but the bootstrap estimate at the node supporting the monophyletic group was very weak (40% or 46%), suggesting a very close relationship of the cuckoo bumblebee to the true bumblebee. Within Bombus species belonging to identical subgenera subgeneric specific clustering was formed with high bootstrap values, implying validity of the subgeneric names of each species: Pyrobombus for B. ardens and B. modeatus; Megabombus for B. consobrinus wittenburgi and B. koreanus; and Bombus s. str. for B. ignitus, B. hypocrita sapporoensis, and B. terrestris.


The embryonic period of modern Jewish nationalism recedes inexorably into history without losing either its fascination or its appeal to conscience. Anglo-Jewry, especially, looks back on its own contribution to political Zionism's first triumphs with justifiable pride. However, now that the chronology of the movement's onward march within the community has been documented, historians might perhaps be permitted to turn their attention to the reasons for its slow advance and to an examination of the wearying resistance it encountered en route. The present paper is designed as a contribution to that enquiry. Without in any way detracting from the organizational and diplomatic successes attained by the first generation of Anglo-Jewish Zionists, it will attempt to bring into focus their ideological deficiencies. These, it will argue, become especially pronounced once the ideological pronouncements of Herzl's supporters in the community are compared with those of his opponents. Thus juxtaposed, the two cases seem to be sharply lacking in symmetry. As a group, Zionist spokesmen in Britain seem to have taken little advantage of the comprehensive? ness of the nationalist prognosis of the Jewish condition. Zangwill apart (and he was in any case hardly one of the mainstream),1 they were also curiously unimaginative when exploring the various theoretical possibilities opened up by Herzl's programme for a solution to that condition. By contrast, the anti-Zionists in the community seem to have possessed far more of the intellectual fibre and philosophical flair which are the stuff of the very best brands of political polemic. Always more sensitive than their opponents with regard to the possible local implications of Zionism's central position, they were likewise the more persistent in their search for the intellectual antecedents of their own point of view. In retrospect, certainly, it is that case which emerges from the literature of


The dynamics of relativistic stars and black holes are often studied in terms of the quasinormal modes (QNM's) of the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation with different effective potentials V (x). In this paper we present a systematic study of the relation between the structure of the QNM's of the KG equation and the form of V (x). In particular, we determine the requirements on V (x) in order for the QNM's to form complete sets, and discuss in what sense they form complete sets. Among other implications, this study opens up the possibility of using QNM expansions to analyse the behavior of waves in relativistic systems, even for systems whose QNM's do not form a complete set. For such systems, we show that a complete set of QNM's can often be obtained by introducing an infinitesimal change in the effective potential.


This article presents how a traditional course on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)systems is transformed into a Blended Learning course as main part of the ERPeLproject. Thus, the multiperspective approach on ERP-systems used as basis for the course is introduced and the reasons for chosing a Blended Learning-approach are given. The phases performed during the ERPeL-project are explained and on the basis of an example the implementation of the introduced concept in the ERPeL-course is shown.


In all tertiary education, a certain percentage of drop-outs can be expected. In this instance, the authors were interested in the abandonment or withdrawal of students from the Diploma in General Nursing at Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg. Over the past few years the drop out rate at Greys Hospital was sufficiently high to cause concern - particularly at a time when there is a widely reported shortage of White nursing personnel. Also, in the South African context, very little active research has been reported in this regard.


Production scheduling of advanced manufacturing systems has attracted significant attention of both researchers and industrial practitioners in recent years. Due to the complexity in these systems, the generation of production schedules requires an intelligent technique. Many artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and neural networks have been successfully applied to the scheduling of advanced manufacturing systems. One such system is robotic flexible assembly cells (RFACs). Few studies have been done on the problem of scheduling RFACs. The major limitation is that these studies are limited to the assembly of only one product type. The objective of this chapter is to propose a new intelligent model of scheduling RFACs in a multi-product assembly environment, using fuzzy logic.


The publication of The Violence of Incarceration, a collection of essays on imprisonment and state violence in the US, UK and Australia, edited by Phil Scraton and Jude McCulloch, provides an opportunity to reflect on the steady convergence of mainland Europe s penal policies with those of the US. This convergence undermines any notion of a European moral high ground in relation to incarceration and reflects a general trend among western states of increasing acceptability of violence, war and even torture as solutions to social and political problems. From this perspective, the cruelties at Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib are not isolated examples of excess but, rather, have much in common with everyday practices in domestic US and European prisons; the focus of this article is this wider structural shift in incarceration practices, linked to, but going far beyond, the'war on terror'.


Data transmission at 34 Mbit/s has been performed over a fluoride glass fibre at a wavelength close to the 2.55 μm minimum-loss wavelength of the fibre, using an externally modulated He-Ne laser and a graded-composition GaInAs photodiode with spectral response optimised for 2.55 μm operation.


Background: As physical activity is beneficial for overall health, regular surveillance is essential among the populace. In India, there is a paucity of data regarding physical activity. The present study was aimed to explore the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of physical activity in university students. Methods: A total of 255 students were interviewed using IPAQ long form. Demographic data including age, height, weight, stay and place of residence was self-reported by subjects. PA levels were presented as median and percentages. Chi-square test was employed to estimate the association between the categorical variables.   Results: In the overall sample, 11.37% were inactive, 73.73% were moderately active and 14.9% were found to be highly active. Walking was identified as a major contributor in females while vigorous activity contributed maximally in males. The Leisure-time domain was observed as major contributor and work domain was the least contributor to the total PA levels. Significant associations were seen between physical activity and independent factors such as gender, Stay and BMI. Conclusions: Majority of university students had moderate levels of physical activity. What is new? This study explores a new fact that being a hostler is significantly associated with low levels of physical activity among university students.  Article visualizations:


Although Manet did not exhibit Chez le Pere Lathuille (see Fig. 5) with In the Conservatory (Fig. 1) at the Salon of 1879, the two paintings are similar and complementary enough to be considered as a pair. Painted in the same year, both depict a close-up view of a couple, both show the influence of Impressionism, and both reveal an approach to modern subject matter that might easily have lent itself to a conventional, anecdotal treatment. Yet there are also differences in setting, mood, and paint handling that allow us to examine the range of Manet's artistic resources at this stage in his career. In the Conservatory, the earlier work by about six months, will be discussed first.


We demonstrate an encryption-selectable holographic multiplexing storage in LiNbO3. The storage of multiple holograms is based on angular multiplexing and random phase encoding. Phase conjugates of the reference beams are used to read out those stored patterns. The sensitivity of the displacement of the ground glass is analyzed theoretically.


Abstract A scatterplot smoother is applied to data of the form {(x 1, y 1), (x 2, y 2, …, (xn, yn )} and uses local fitting to estimate the dependence of Y on X. A simple example is the running lines smoother, which fits a least squares line to the y values falling in a window around each x value. The value of the estimated function at x is given by the value of the least squares line at x. A smoother generalizes the least squares line, which assumes that the dependence of Y on X is linear. In this article, we extend the idea of local fitting to likelihood-based regression models. One such application is to the class of generalized linear models (Nelder and Wedderburn 1972). We enlarge this class by replacing the covariate form β0 + xβ1 with an unspecified smooth function s(x). This function is estimated from the data by a technique we call local likelihood estimation. The method consists of maximum likelihood estimation for β0 and β1, applied in a window around each x value. Multiple covariates are incor...


A mucopolysaccharide which can be isolated from the mucus of the 0s uteri of the cow appears to belong, from its analysis and behavior, to the same class of mucosubstances as the blood group substances (Gibbons, 1959). A very similar material may be isolated from human cervical mucus and human bronchial mucus, although the human material contains more fucose and less neuraminic acid than the bovine preparations. Comparative analyses are given in TABLE 1. Due to some elegant studies, mainly by Morgan in England, and Kabat in the U.S.A., we have detailed knowledge of the structure of small polysaccharide units in the human material (Morgan, 1959, 1960), but little is known of the way in which these are linked together or to the polypeptide, which constitutes some 20 to 23 per cent of the molecule. This is in contrast to the mucoprotein isolated from submaxillary glands (Heimer and Meyer, 1956; Gottschalk and Ada, 1956), which consists of a relatively alkali-stable polypeptide chain to which small prosthetic groups, mainly a-D-5-acetylneuraminyl 2 4 6 A-acetyl galactosamine, are attached. The linkage is in the main alkali-labile and is identified as an ester bond (Murphy and Gottschalk, 1961). A search has been made for new methods for splitting the mucopolysaccharide into fragments differing in chemical properties. No satisfactory reagent has been found; the fragments isolated usually have all the components of the starting material, generally in proportions not differing greatly from those of the undegraded substance. Methods explored have included hydrazinolysis (Akabori ef al., 1952; Yosizawa, 1961), formamidolysis (Stegmann, 1960), reduction with borohydrides in ethylene glycol and in tetrahydrofuran (Chibnall and Rees, 1958), oxidation with periodate a t pH 4 followed by borohydride reduction and mild acid hydrolysis (Goldstein et al., 1959), oxidation with neutral periodate, oxidation with neutral hypochlorite, and mild acid and alkaline hydrolysis. The fragments which are obtained by some of these procedures, and also by combinations of them, have been examined. For that purpose use has been made of the recently introduced technique of gel filtration with columns of agar gel (Polson, 1961). These gels may be made up at any desired concentration of agar, and the optimal concentration for the analysis required may be selected. They may be calibrated with dextrans of known molecular weight so that an idea of the approximate size of the fragments may often be obtained. Columns have been eluted with dilute lithium chloride solution and with 10 per cent ethanol to facilitate isolation of the fractions after freeze-drying. Agar gels have been found preferable to the Sephadex gel-filtration media commercially available, since these latter are found to adsorb irreversibly the undegraded mucopolysaccharide and also some of its degradation products. Agar does not suffer from this disadvantage, but it might possibly retain some basic material, to some extent functioning as an


A novel two-stage technology for catalytic oxidation of methane to synthesis gas was presented The effects of reaction conditions on the performance of Ni/La 2O 3/MgAl 2O 4-Al 2O 3 catalyst in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas under atmospheric pressure and on the performance of Pd/Pt catalyst in complete combustion of methane to CO 2 and H 2O were investigated The results show that the introduction of O 2 in two stages can reduce the explosion danger in operation through the decrease of CH 4/O 2 ratio, and can avoid the appearance of hot spots exceeding 1000℃ in the catalyst bed as well The results of thermodynamic calculations indicated that the amount of heat produced by exothermic partial oxidation reactions will compensate the heat loss of endothermic CO 2 and H 2O reforming reaction in the second reactor and realize the adiabatic operation in this system, provided that the amount of O 2 in two reactors can be accurately controlled Using two consecutive fixed-bed reactors, production of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of methane can be accomplished Under appropriate conditions, a CH 4 converion of 93%, H 2 and CO selectivities of 97% and 98%, respectively, can be achieved


Transcription and DNA damage repair act in a coordinated manner. The scaffolding protein Sin3B serves as a transcriptional corepressor of hundreds of cell-cycle-related genes. However, the role of Sin3B during the DNA damage response still remains unknown. Here, we show that Sin3B depletion delays the resolution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and sensitizes cells to diverse DNA-damaging agents, including cisplatin and doxorubicin. Furthermore, Sin3B is rapidly recruited to DNA damage sites and interacts with other DDR proteins. Mechanistically, Sin3B promotes non-homologous end joining DNA repair by directing the accumulation of MDC1 at DBSs. Altogether, our findings impute an unexpected function for the transcriptional co-repressor Sin3B as a gatekeeper of genomic integrity, and point to the inhibition of the Sin3B chromatin modifying complex as a novel therapeutic vulnerability in cancer cells.


Daunorubicin and its 14-hydroxyl analogue, adriamycin, are broadly applied in therapy of neoplasia diseases2,3). However the delirious side effects, especially cardiotoxicity, caused upon treatment with these drugs, limit their full scope of clinical utilization. An extensive search for analogues that might exhibit more favorable therapeutic properties, as compared with the parent drugs, has been conducted in many laboratories4). The present paper deals with the syntheses, structures and antitumor properties of derivatives of daunorubicin (1) obtained in the reaction of the antibiotic with carbohydrates. Daunorubicin, in the form of free base, dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMA), treated with molar excess of D-glucose yielded the N-glucoside (2). Addition to the reaction mixture of acetic acid in slightly molar excess afforded an Amadori rearrangement compound, N-(1-deoxyfructos-1-yl)daunorubicin (3) (Scheme 1). The course of the reaction was observed by means of TLC in the solvent systems: chloroform methanol water, 13: 6: 1 and ethyl acetate acetic acid water, 5: 1: 1. In the first one the formation of both products 2 and 3 was observed. However in the second case only the Amadori compound 3 could be detected because of the instability of the N-glucoside. The latter easily undergoes hydrolysis and therefore its properties were not studied in detail. Formation of similar Amadori compounds had been observed in the


A fluid dispenser double pump (10) having a position adjustable motor, the dispenser (10) comprising: a mounting plate (32); a first and a second positive displacement pump (16A, B), where each has a pump shaft (48); a first and a second connecting rod (34, 36) fixedly connected the first and the second pump (16A, B) to the mounting plate (32); a yoke pump (42) slidably coupled to the first and the second connecting rod (34, 36) and fixedly coupled to the pump shafts (48) in a first and a second point, respectively; and a motor (14) coupled to the mounting plate (32) including the motor (14) a drive shaft (46) extending from the motor (14) for engaging the yoke (42) at a third point; wherein a position of the motor (14) in the mounting plate (32) can be adjusted to change the position of the third point in the yoke (42) relative to the first and second point.


Introduction: Emotional eating is a form of disordered eating and is defined as the act of consuming food in response to negative emotions such as sadness, depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety and irritability. The Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) allows to identify the emotions that originate or appear in the CE. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EES-C in adolescents residing in Northeast Mexico. And to analyze the relationships of the CE according to the sex, age and nutritional status of the participants. Material and methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability (internal consistency) and convergent validity of the EES-C in Spanish was performed. Participated 631 adolescents enrolled in the 7th to 9th grade of basic education residing in Northeast Mexico participated. Weight and height measurements were made and the nutritional status of the participants was obtained. Results: The goodness of fit indexes of the proposed model were acceptable: (CFI = 0.921: GFI = 0.907; AGFI = 0.876, SRMS = 0.055 and RMSEA = 0.068). The internal consistency was acceptable ( α = 0.92). The average age of the participants was 13.74 years (SD = 0.90), the weight ranged between 30.9 and 130.4 kg (SD = 13.20). Conclusion s : The confirmatory factor analysis of the proposed model has a high internal consistency, and five-factor factor structure has an adequate fit. It can be used to measure emotional eating in Mexican adolescents. It is recommended to contrast this model in similar populations.


Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan have profoundly influenced the theory and practice of psychoanalysis, particularly outside the United States. This paper explores the similarities and differences between their theories, personalities, and influence on the European analytic community in the aftermath of World War II. Parallels are drawn between the paranoid-schizoid position and the imaginary order, as well as between the depressive position and the symbolic order.


An effective technique to save power during scan based test is to switch off unused scan chains. The results obtained with this method strongly depend on the mapping of scan flip-flops into scan chains, which determines how many chains can be deactivated per pattern. In this paper, a new method to cluster flip-flops into scan chains is presented, which minimizes the power consumption during test. It is not dependent on a test set and can improve the performance of any test power reduction technique consequently. The approach does not specify any ordering inside the chains and fits seamlessly to any standard tool for scan chain integration. The application of known test power reduction techniques to the optimized scan chain configurations shows significant improvements for large industrial circuits.


Hexsquare (P410). Pierre Abbat (bezitopo.org) posed this three-part problem, based on familiar ways of stacking pennies. On the one hand, you can arrange 36 unit disks in a square pattern, but it takes one more disk to create a hexagonal pattern (see figure 1). On the other hand, 169 disks can be arranged as either a square or a hexagon. Call the distance between the horizontal lines indicated in figure 1 the height of the respective arrangements.


Smart TVsareequipped with an operating system and combined with internet functionality.Theycan use various apps and contents, and provide personalized and interactive services. However,the Internet connectivity of smart TVs has several security vulnerabilities that can cause significant personal and social harm. Therefore,it is necessaryto develop a smart TV with a higher level ofsecurity than is currently available. In this study, we analyze consumers' purchase intention for smart TVs with security reinforcement by applying the UTAUT2 model. The results are as follows. Firstly, it was foundthat performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and price value, as important variables under the existing UTAUT2 model,havesignificant effects on purchase intention. Secondly, effort expectancy didnot have a positive impact on purchase intention. Thirdly, there was a moderating effect of gender on social influence. According to the results of this study, social influence has the most powerful effect on the purchase intention of smart TVs with security reinforcement. Therefore, in order to improve the purchase intention of smart TVs, it is necessary to expand the publicity activities designed to promote the necessity and importance of reinforcing the security of smart TVs and make themeasier to use.


A requirement for the direct technological utilization of solar energy is a device for capturing and absorbing the available sunlight. These devices are commonly termed collectors. Because of the highly variable nature of sunlight, a facility for storing the collected energy is often essential. A device for direct conversion of light into electricity, which depends for operation on incident sunlight, is the photovoltaic cell. These components for solar energy systems are considered.


The late-onset psychoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders, with differing prognoses and responses to medication. Despite this heterogeneity, the presentations of primary psychotic disorder and psychoses due to affective disorder or organic mental disorder can be remarkably similar. To avoid diagnostic error, the mental health professional must bear in mind the nonspecific nature of psychotic symptomatology.


The utility model relates to a medical instrument which monitors and controls body temperature of patients continuously for hospital operating room and each section sickroom, which is composed of a semiconductor refrigeration and heating system, a refrigeration and heating digital display controller, a body temperature digital display control system, a detector head and a switch power supply system. The medical instrument obtains the goal that the doctor monitors the body temperature of the patients continuously in treatment and operation, refrigerates and heats up as required, and controls the body temperature of the patients.


The transformation of the energy sector is one of today's global megatrends. The main aim of this process includes shifting energy production to renewable sources, decarbonizing the economy, and improving energy efficiency, especially in the most energy-intensive sectors. These changes lead the energy sectors of different states to ensure security and maintain environmental protection in order to guarantee the civilization's progressive development. One of the tools for the implementation and development of a new model of the energy sector is digitization, which is a direct consequence of the increasing complexity of the energy system. Digitization is an essential element in the management of smart grids and smart meters and for controlling the entire energy system, as well as guaranteeing fair distribution. The digitization process integrates the state energy system; however, it also increases its vulnerability to potential cyber-threats. The aim of this paper is to analyze the cybersecurity challenges facing the Polish power sector in light of the energy transition policy promoted in the EU with a particular focus on the latest legislation presented in the Clean Energy Package. The Polish energy sector is on the verge of structural changes; therefore the main question is: How to implement them to avoid errors? The paper provides a glimpse into the most venerable areas, which should be taken into consideration by political decision-makers.


ABSTRACT Recent debates about the status of knowledge in the school curriculum have seen the emergence of attempts to connect curriculum reform to the ideas about 'powerful knowledge' articulated by Michael Young and other sociologists. This article argues that for the case of media education, and specifically its application in secondary schools (in the form of Media Studies), these ideas are not adequate to explain the epistemological principles upon which the project is built. The paper takes a threefold approach to developing an epistemology of media education; firstly, by outlining existing work on the nature of knowledge in media education; secondly, by examining social realist arguments about the way that knowledge is manifested in things like school subjects and canonical knowledge and arguing that media education does not fit these manifestations; and finally by offering some alternative ideas upon which an epistemology of media education may be built.


Fire suppression has made many seasonally dry conifer forests more susceptible to high-severity wildfires, which cause large changes in forest structure and function. In response, management agencies are applying fuel reduction treatments to millions of acres of forest, with the goal of moderating fire behavior by reducing tree density and understory fuel loads. However, despite their wide application, we still lack basic information about the extent to which these treatments contribute to forest restoration by increasing forest resilience to recurring wildfire events. To address this question, we established 664 plots across 12 different sites in California, USA, where wildfire burned through fuel treatments, and measured a suite of forest characteristics relating to overstory structure, understory cover, and woody plant regeneration. We tested a "wildfire-contingency" hypothesis that there should be strong interactions between treatment and fire, specifically that the direction and magnitude of fuel tre...


Uncertainty and change are the hallmarks of contemporary life. Global climate change, ecological regime shifts, and urban transformations catalyze new levels of socio-spatial precarity. Exacerbated by political and economic conditions, accelerating change and uncertainty have disrupted people-place relationships and created anxiety around real and perceived place loss and threat. In this article, we outline the potential of senses of place—both pluralized and politicized—to generate new possibilities for thinking, acting, and designing in response to disruption. Three different case studies demonstrate how senses of place can guide us through disruption. For each case, we examine the nature of the disruption/place change, describe how senses of place are involved in the disruption, and consider the role of landscape architecture in helping communities respond. Together, these cases demonstrate that a deeper understanding of senses of place offers a way to respond to disruptions that enables new beginnings to unfold, facilitates the coproduction of knowledge, and supports socio-spatial justice.


This paper investigates the performance and proposes modifications to earlier methods for image authentication using distributed source coding. This approach works well on images that have undergone affine geometric transformations such as rotation and resizing and intensity transformations such as contrast and brightness adjustment. The results show that the improvements proposed here can be used to make the original scheme for image authentication robust to affine geometric and intensity transformations. The modifications are of much lesser computational complexity when compared with other schemes for estimation of channel parameters.


A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, c $\in$ N-{0} satisfying a^2 + b^2 = c^2. Is it true that, for any finite coloring of N-{0}, at least one Pythagorean triple must be monochromatic? In other words, is the Diophantine equation X^2 +Y^2 = Z^2 regular? This problem has been open since several decades, even restricted to 2-colorings. In this note, we introduce partial morphisms, which are special colorings of N-{0} by finite groups with partly multiplicative properties. We show that, for many such colorings, monochromatic Pythagorean triples are impossible to avoid in the integer interval [1, 10000].


The aim of this paper is to study the presence of manifold ambiguities [1], [2] in linear arrays. We propose a general framework for the analysis and so we obtain a generalisation of results given in recent publications [3], [4] for an}· rank ambiguities. We present a geometrical construction able to determine all the ambiguous directions which can appear for a given linear array. This is a geometrical approach closely connected to [4]. The method allows determination of any rank ambiguities and for each ambiguous direction set the rank of ambiguity is determined. The search is exhaustive. Application of the method requires no assumption for the linear array and is easy to implement. We apply the method to the search of ambiguities for sparse linear arrays, in particular minimum redundant and non redundant arrays [5], [6], [7]. We show how an ambiguous generator set can be associated to each intersensor distance if the intersensor distances (lags) are all multiples of the half wavelength.


We briefly describe a library that may be used with any e+ e- --> tau+ tau- (n gamma) Monte Carlo program to account for the effects of anomalous tau-tau-gamma couplings. The implementation of this library in KORALZ version 4.04 is discussed.


The evaluation of both visual and nonvisual effects from the spectral power distribution (SPD) of outdoor light is critical in lighting design. The dome-light SPD characteristically changes continuously depending on the seasonality, orientation, altitude of the sun or hour of the day. Traditional photopic parameters, such as the illuminance, luminance or correlated colour temperature (CCT), have been widely studied, but presently, there is no melanopic measurement or evaluation method. This article discusses the processes involved in establishing a simple method to determine the SPD of daylight and solar radiation over the skydome in a location to accurately account for the effects of both photopic and circadian levels around a location. Once per month for one year, natural daylight was spectrally measured in the city of Zaragoza (Spain); radiometric and photometric characteristics were analysed by season; and circadian effects were calculated in terms of standard parameters described by the Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE), factors recommended by normative and scientific backgrounds. Finally, we suggest that the best parameter is the melanopic versus photopic irradiance ratio, which achieves reliable results at simplifying and correlating calculations.


A one year study of the phytoplankton community composition was carried out in the Asan wetland, a reservoir fed by River Yamuna in Uttarakhand India. In terms of bio-volume, phytoplankton community was generally dominated by Bacillariophyceae. Mean phytoplankton standing crops were highest in the wetland. The frequency and severity of algal blooms was increased significantly. To control their expansion, it was essential to identify the factors responsible for blooming of waters. Nutrient enrichment (mainly due to anthropogenic activities) and environmental factors (including the climate change) were considered the major catalyst for onset, proliferation and development of blooms. The phytoplankton of the Asan wetland was studied for one year with physical and chemical variables in relation to a pollution gradient. Analysis of the physical and chemical variables and phytoplankton density indicated that the wetland is experiencing heavy pressure of pollution due to anthropogenic activities. The dominant phytoplankton community mainly comprises of family, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Myxophyceae. Physical factors, though vital, had an indirect effect in facilitating the interaction among various available nutrients. In terms of phytoplankton density and diversity common genera observed include Chlorella, Chlaymydomonas, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Hydrodictyon, Cladophora, Cosmarium, Chlorococcum, Oedogonium, Microspora, Desmidium, Chara, Zygenema, Syndesmus, Volvox, Ceratoneis, Amphora, Caloneis, Fragilaria, Navicula, Synedra, Diatoms, Gomphonema, Pinnularia, Melosira, Tabellaria, Denticula, Cymbella, Cyclotella, Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Rivularia, Coccochloris and Phormidium. Several genera were found most prominent during the study period having no seasonal impact on their abundance and variation. The spatial and temporal patterns observed in some of these dominant species were attributable to patterns in key environmental variables including temperature, flow, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations.


10 Compared to other species of Candida yeasts, the growth of Candida glabrata was inhibited by 11 many different strains of Saccharomyces killer yeasts. The ionophoric K1 and K2 killer toxins 12 were broadly inhibitory to all clinical isolates of C. glabrata from patients with recurrent 13 vulvovaginal candidiasis, despite high levels of resistance to clinically relevant antifungal 14 therapeutics. 15 16 RESEARCH FINDINGS 17 Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is estimated to afflict two in every three women worldwide at 18 some point in their lives, causing significant suffering and associated economic losses (1–3). 19 Candida albicans is most often isolated as the dominant species present in cases of VVC, 20 followed by Candida glabrata (4). In certain diabetic patient populations, C. glabrata can be the 21 dominant yeast species associated with VVC (5, 6). The main treatment for VVC is the orally 22 administered fungistatic azole, fluconazole. During pregnancy, to relieve symptoms of VVC and 23 to prevent Candida-associated complications, topical application of azoles is preferred over oral 24


Mitsubishi Hachinohe Mill with seven paper machines including two on-machine coater is capable for producing 70, 000 ton of papers per month. Among seven paper machines. paper machine No. 7 (PM 7), which has been operated since 1997, is the latest paper machine in Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited and produces approximately 400 ton of fine paper and coat base per day.PM 7 has been designed to get high productivity and good quality of the products by introducing the latest paper making technology and devices at that time. The introduction of PM 7 is a technological step for us to a wider paper machine than PM 7 in future.In this report we describe an outline of equipment on PM 7 and its operational experiences. Major items reported here are as follows : (1) Module jet Headbox which makes optimum base weight profile by controlling the stock consistency on the cross machine direction, : (2) Transfer Felt System which actualizes the smooth running of the wet web with high speed in the press section, (3) Shoe-Press ENP-C which introduces high consistency at the outlet of the press section, (4) Symsizer available for heavier coated weight than other size press coater, (5) Web Threading Device without rope in pre dryer, (6) Soft Nip Calender, and (7) Opti-Reel with center drive type.We have been remarkably successful in startup of PM 7 heretofore. However we still have a few operative problems which we have to settle. Gaining our customer's perfect satisfaction, we keep on making an effort to improve quality of products.


The Questions on the Soul published by Maurice Giele in 1971 contain a famous thesis, typical of a radical « averroism » answering to Thomas Aquinas: « Properly speaking, man does not think ». We examine here how its author – an anonymous parisian contemporary of Siger of Brabant – elaborates it and what is – in a paradoxical opposition to Thomas – its real conceptual impact.


There exists power contrast in even and odd multipoles of the WMAP power spectrum at low and intermediate multipole ranges. This anomaly is explicitly associated with the angular power spectrum, which is heavily used for cosmological model fitting. Having noted this, we have investigated whether even (odd) multipole data set is individually consistent with the WMAP concordance model. Our investigation shows that the WMAP concordance model does not make a good fit for even (odd) multipole data set, which indicates parametric tension between even and odd multipole data set. Noting that tension is highest in primordial power spectrum parameters, we have additionally considered a running spectral index, but found that tension increases to even a higher level. We believe these parametric tensions may be indications of unaccounted contamination or imperfection of the model.


ABSTRACT Epidosites occur in association with pelagic and quartzofeldspathic metasediments overlying the Pounamu suprasubduction zone ophiolite. They are dominated by epidote with minor diopside, tremolite, titanite, zircon and quartz. Detrital zircon age spectra are similar to those of associated quartzofeldspathic schist, with minimum ages of Cretaceous (c. 106 Ma). Epidosite was derived by metasomatic replacement of this metasedimentary protolith by Ca-rich fluids, likely derived from the underlying ophiolite. One epidosite contains laminae and veinlets of molybdenite, which yields a Re/Os age of c. 89.7 ± 0.6 Ma. Metasomatic formation of epidosite and molybdenite mineralisation occurred during the interval between c. 106 and c. 70 Ma when the Pounamu terrane component of the Alpine Schist underwent accretion, subduction, hydrothermal alteration, mineralisation and metamorphic recrystallization. Molybdenite occurrence is unique in the context of Haast Schist metallogenesis, with Mo most likely derived by leaching and redistribution from the sedimentary cover of the Pounamu ophiolite.


Using the method of blur mathematics,to combine the target of the teaching appraisement and confirm the main factors of the appraised target.


After examining 112 skulls, the author verified that the distance between the outer edge of the fissurae orbitalis inf. and the tuberculum articulare was 5.7 centimeters, and the distance between the fissura orbitalis inf. and foramen ovale was 5.6 centimeters, i.e. 1 mlm less.


This paper aims to compare the crop yield retrieval performances, obtained by assimilating the leaf area index derived from multi-temporal satellite signatures (i.e. reflectances and backscattering coefficients) into an agro-meteorological model. The study is based on the Multispectral Crop Monitoring experimental campaign, conducted in 2010 by the CESBIO laboratory. During the agricultural season of sunflower, regular satellite images were quasi-synchronously acquired by 6 sensors (Formosat-2, Spot-4/5, TerraSAR-X, Radarsat-2 and Alos), over a region located in the south west of France. Calibration and validation steps take advantage of the dense network of monitored fields. Among the wide range of the tested image configurations (multi-frequency and multi-polarization), promising results are offered by optical and co-polarized C-band (i.e. HH and VV) data for yield estimate, with correlation superior to 0.74.


A rotary drag bit 10 comprises a bit body, the end face of which is embedded with cutters 150 of varying backrake angles. Specifically, cutters that are located at sequentially adjacent radial distances from a longitudinal axis of the drill bit have cutting faces that are oriented at rake angles that differ from one another. These cutters may be located on the same blade of the drag bit or different blades (20, figure 2). The rake angles at which the cutting faces are oriented may be dependent on the radial positions of the cutters, on their vertical distances along the axis, or in response to actual or simulated testing of the wear characteristics of the bit. Mathematical functions or a random number generator may also be used to determine the rake of the cutters.


In article the historical data of formation of manufacture reinforcement hire of a periodic profile is cited. Progress ways to development of reinforced concrete with increase of strength of applied reinforcement are shown.


Helicobacter pylori is an important causative factor in gastric carcinogenesis, its role in extra-gastric gastrointestinal malignancies such as oesophageal cancer, is controversial. H. pylori is thought to be associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. We conducted a case control study to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus and control group with no cancer.
Method: We collected biopsies from the antrum and corpus of 59 patients with confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, two from each area and 215 control groups with no cancer. These were then examined by an experienced histo-pathologist using Giemsa staining for the presence of H. pylori. CLO was added to those with bleeding ulcers.
Results: H. pylori was found in 30 (51%) of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus and 46 (21%) of the control group. The prevalence was found to be more than double of the control group in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. A relative risk of 2.4 p<0.001 CI OF 95%.
Conclusion: H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus with a relative risk of 2.4. This is in keeping with several studies done previously.


Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome that has the potential for full reversibility with liver transplantation (LT). However, in recent years there have been an increasing number of reports that challenge this traditional view. Cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) have no recognizable clinical symptoms of HE but have mild cognitive and psychomotor deficits. These abnormalities impact significantly on the patients' quality of life. Current research in the area of MHE has focused upon the pathophysiological basis of this syndrome to better define the condition, which would allow for the development of better diagnostic modalities and new therapies. From the pathophysiological perspective, the pathogenesis ofMHE is thought to be similar to more advanced grades of HE. Ammonia has been suggested to be a factor in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. We have recently shown that induction of hyperammonemia in patients with cirrhosis results in an increase in brain glutamine (a consequence of brain ammonia metabolism) and a reduction in the brain magnetization transfer ratio, which is indicative of brain edema.1 Cordoba et al. showed evidence of lowgrade cerebral edema in cirrhotic patients with MHE, which was completely resolved following LT.2 Supporting post-LT neurological benefits, many other studies have demonstrated substantial improvement with neuropsychological tests in MHE2–8 and quality of life.9,10 after LT. In addition, others have demonstrated neurophysiological improvement in MHE after LT with brainmetabolic alterations detected bymeans of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,3,6,11 positron emission tomography,12 and electroencephalography (EEG)13 In this issue of Liver Transplantation, Mechtcheriakov et al. report on the results of a study evaluating changes in neuropsychological tests in 14 liver transplant recipients preand post(average, 21 months) LT. They used a neuropsychological test battery VisuoMotor and Visuo-Constructive Performance (VMCP): average percentile score of four selected neuropsychological tests) in which overall visuomotor and visuoconstructive performance prior to and after LT was evaluated. A trend toward improvement in average VMCP score was demonstrated in post-LT versus pre-LT recipients. However, the tests remained abnormal, compared with a group of healthy volunteers. Furthermore, this incomplete improvement of VCMP resulted from an "inhomogeneous response of the patients to LT." The paper demonstrates the distribution of the improvement rates within the group of patients and shows that there are two opposite tendencies in the post-LT course of treatment, one toward improvement and one toward deterioration. In the improvement group of seven patients, an increase in VCMP score by 2.52 was concluded as sufficient to be considered as completely reversible, while in the other group the VCMP score deteriorated post-LT. Even though a small number of patients were studied, this finding is important and needs to be evaluated and further discussed. Mechtcheriakov et al.'s study confirms previous reports that neuropsychological tests may not resolve completely with LT. Tarter et al.14 first prospectively evaluated neuropsychological function in 62 patients prior to and after LT. They showed deficits on tasks measuring memory and visuospatial capacity prior to LT (compared with matched controls), most of which were ameliorated but not completely restored following LT. Interestingly, Hockerstedt et al.15 reported that the majority of neurological impairment disappeared after LT in eight patients; however, four subjects showed new,mild changes in neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests post-LT, suggesting an operative factor causing MHE, and evidence that MHE is a multidiAbbreviations: HE, hepatic encephalopathy; MHE, minimal hepatic encephalopathy; LT, liver transplantation; EEG, electroencephalography; WE, Wernicke's encephalopathy. From the Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Citologicas, Fundacion Valenciana de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Valencia, Spain and Liver Failure Group, Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom. Address reprint requests to Rajiv Jalan, MBBS, MD, FRCPE, Liver Failure Group, Institute of Hepatology, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK. Telephone: 44-2076796552; FAX: 44-2073800405; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright © 2004 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/lt.20030


Software-defined networking (SDN) is one of the key enablers of 5G networks. With a 5G application, the interaction between the SDN controller and data plane nodes will affect the performance requirements in delay-sensitive scenarios (e.g., URLLC) and increase the network signalling overhead in other scenarios (e.g., mMTC). However, the current data plane of SDN has no capability to handle network events unless inquiring the controller. To solve this problem, we propose an enhanced SDN data plane model to enable the network with data plane response capability for network events. Specifically, the delegation of various control plane functions along with the data path can enable the delay-sensitive network event processing without the interaction with the SDN controller. This can in turn minimize the interaction between the controller and data plane nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed enhanced SDN data plane can reduce the delay and signalling overhead during network events processing, especially in delay-sensitive applications of 5G networks.


ABSTRACT Sprout damage which results in poor breadmaking quality due to enzymatic activity of α-amylase is one of the important grading factors of wheat in Canada. Potential of near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was investigated to detect sprouting of wheat kernels. Artificially sprouted, midge-damaged, and healthy wheat kernels were scanned using NIR hyperspectral imaging system in the range of 1000–1600 nm at 60 evenly distributed wavelengths. Multivariate image analysis (MVI) technique based on principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data. Three wavelengths 1101.7, 1132.2, and 1305.1 nm were identified as significant and used in analysis. Statistical discriminant classifiers (linear, quadratic, and Mahalanobis) were used to classify sprouted, midge-damaged, and healthy wheat kernels. The discriminant classifiers gave maximum accuracy of 98.3 and 100% for classifying healthy and damaged kernels, respectively.


Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) causes severe losses in potato yield and quality in organic production. Still, the disease can only be effectively controlled by the application of copper fungicides. Due to copper accumulation in the soil and expected detrimental effects on the environment and non-target organisms, a reduction in the usage of Cu fungicides is urgently required. Within the course of a project aiming at the reduction and avoidance of Cu in organic farming, trials were performed to investigate the efficacy of different Cu-free products for the control of P. infestans leaf infections, and to identify potential alternatives replacing or amending copper based fungicides in the future. We have tested several commercial and non-commercial organic products in in vitro leaf assays, potted plant assays and field trials. In total, 23 Cu-free alternative products were tested so far. In the detached leaf assay, leaves were inoculated after spray application of the product. A water agar plug kept the droplet of a sporangial suspension of P. infestans in place, ensuring equal infection pressure in all variants. Leaves were incubated at 15°C for 5 days and disease rated as the number of leaves and % leaf area affected. Potted plants grown from tubers or eye plugs were infected by spraying with a sporangial suspension after application of the product. Plants were incubated at 20°C for 7 days, with plastic bags over the plants for the first 48 hrs. Disease was rated as the number of leaves and % leaf area affected. Only few of the substances tested in our laboratory assays proved to be effective against Phytophthora leaf infections. Among the most promising in the leaf test were chitosan, a knotweed product, a fertilizer with low Cu content, a liquorice, a horsetail and a citrus test product. Some of these products were almost as effective as the Cu control with regard to infection incidence and severity. All of these products were also effective in the growth chamber test with potted potato plants, where they could significantly reduce infection rates of the plants. In addition to the lab assays described above, field tests were performed with a selection of Cu-free leaf treatment products in 2012 (Bacillus subtilis, chitosan and citrus) and 2014 (citrus, horsetail, chitosan, liquorice, Cu fertilizer and knotweed). The field trials showed that even products that provided good protection in the lab were not necessarily effective under field conditions, but also highlighted the potential of some of the products as substitutes or amendments to copper fungicides. Chitosan, the liquorice and the horsetail test products together with the Cu fertilizer in particular might become part of a management strategy to reduce the extent of leaf infections and thus to minimise the deposition of sporangial inoculum on the soil surface and the potato crop in organic farming.


We investigate nonlinear $f(R)$ theories in the Kaluza-Klein models with toroidal compactification of extra dimensions. A pointlike matter source has the dustlike equation of state in our three dimensions and nonzero equations of state in the extra dimensions. We obtain solutions of linearized Einstein equations with this matter source taking into account effects of nonlinearity of the model. There are two asymptotic regions where solutions satisfy the gravitational tests at the same level of accuracy as general relativity. According to these asymptotic regions, there are two classes of solutions. We call these solutions asymptotic latent solitons. The asymptotic latent solitons from the first class generalize the known result of the linear theory. The asymptotic black strings and black branes are particular cases of these asymptotic solutions. The second class of asymptotic solitons exists only in multidimensional nonlinear models. The main feature for both of these classes of solutions is that the matter sources have tension in the extra dimensions.


The genus Calliphara is described. Its 15 species and 6 additional subspecies are classified into 4 species-groups on the basis of the morphology of the male genitalia, and a key is provided for their separation. Calliphara solomonensis sp. nov. from the Solomon Is. and C. vollenhoveni sp. nov. from the Bismarck Archipelago are described.
A synonymic catalogue of all species-group taxa within the genus is given. Fifteen lectotype designations are made. The history and relationships of Calliphara are discussed. Notacalliphara gen. nov. is founded for Calliphara rostrata Distant, and Notacalliphara pseudofasciata sp. nov. from New Guinea is described. Paracalliphara gen. nov. is founded for Calliphara flagrans (Walker).


Abstract When Robert Venturi began writing Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture in 1962, Jane Jacobs's The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) was the subject of dinner-table conversation across the country. Apart from Jacobs's direct influence, among the parallels that emerged from their Townscape affiliations and other interests, the concept of complexity stands out, with Venturi's conception echoing Jacobs's historic introduction of complexity science into architectural and urban theory. While Venturi did not seek to extend the scientific research put forward by Jacobs, favoring instead the complexities suggested by gestalt theory and New Criticism, he cited similar scientific sources and derived similar principles for urbanism, as revealed by his Copley Square project of 1966.


Air flotation/anaerobic filter/cyclic activated sludge system(AF/AF/CASS) process was used for vegetable oil wastewater treatment.The refining wastewater with high concentration was first treated by oil traps and air flotation to remove most of the oil and soap contents,and then mixed with low-concentration soaking wastewater and domestic sewage before the post-treatment using AF/CASS system. The effluent quality satisfies the class-I requirement of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).


Si-related nanostructures were prepared by vapor condensation in an Ar-5%O2 atmosphere at various working pressures (1, 30, 50, and 100 torr). The specimen prepared at 1 torr had a nanocrystalline core sheathed by a thin oxide layer. It exhibited orange photoluminescence (PL) peaked at 800 nm in vacuum. The PL disappeared when air was introduced into the sample chamber. For the specimens prepared at higher working pressures (30, 50, and 100 torr), an amorphous chain-like nanostructure was identified, and a blue-green light emission peaked at 520 nm was observed. The intensity of this blue-green PL increased with increasing the oxygen content of the Si oxide nanostructure, and an effect of ambient atmosphere on PL was also observed. The PL mechanisms of these two different light emissions and the related ambient effects on PL are discussed.


Background and Aims: Chronic Tonsillitis (CT) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are very frequently reported diseases in children; however, their pathogeneses are not exactly known. High amounts of free radicals produced during inflammation cause oxidative stress. Due to high activity, the oxidation products can make toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic injuries. Yet, antioxidants play an important defensive role against oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CT in children. Subjectsand Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 20 children who suffered from CT and were prepared for adenotonsillectomy. The control group included 20 ageand sex-matched healthy children with normal ENT examination. The blood levels of antioxidants (glutathione) and peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) were determined before and 1 month after the operation in the patient group and only once in the control group. Results: A significant difference was found between the patients and the controls regardingthe pre and post-operative serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) (P<0.05). In the patient group, the blood GSH level increased and MDA level decreased significantly after the operation (P<0.05). However, they never reached the normal levels in the control group. Conclusions: CT and AH can influence the oxidative productions and antioxidants due to the chronic condition in the children. Oxidative stress was obviously observed in these children. Adenotonsillectomy significantly reduced the oxidative stress but could not regulate this disorder completely.


A comprehensive focusing searching algorithm is designed.The traditional climbing search algorithm is improved by using upper and lower limits of focus range,pre-determining searching direction,and considering that the evaluation value go across the peak of focusing curve after second decline and setting the decline threshold.The traditional endless searching method is improved by using upper and lower limits of focusing range,pre-determining searching direction when the focusing lenses deviated from the focusing range.The scene is checked again to prevent it from errors due to interference after the focusing is completed.The search is disabled when the illumination is below the threshold.Focusing is quickly achieved by using image curve when the zoom lens are moving.Experiments show that using the comprehensive searching algorithm accurate and fast focusing can be achieved,prevents the searching from falling into the local peak,and have good anti-jamming and stability.


Conflict in nursing profession is natural and inevitable and arises as a daily challenge in healthcare organizations. Therefore, conflict management is extremely important for organizational effectiveness and efficiency and nursing staff must effectively manage conflict in order to provide an environment that stimulates personal growth and ensures quality of patient care. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the effect of conflict management educational program for staff nurses on quality of patient care. Research Design: Quasi experimental design was utilized. Study Setting: The study was conducted in general Medical units at Benha University Hospital. The study sample was: All available staff nurses (116) and a convenient sample of (200) patients from the above mentioned study setting. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used: (1) conflict management knowledge questionnaire, (2) Rahim Organization Conflict Inventory II (ROCI II), subordinate form (B) and (3) quality of patients' care questionnaire. The result: The findings of this study showed that there was highly statistically significant improvement in staff nurses' knowledge regarding conflict thorough program. In addition, there was highly statistically significant improvement in conflict management strategies and level of quality of patient care thorough program. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a positive highly statistical significant correlation between overall score of conflict management and quality of patient care thorough program. Recommendation: Hospital should carry out continuous in–service training program about policies and guidelines that facilitate collaborative practice and use a proactive measure to address conflict issues and moving toward resolution of it. And nursing faculties should to support nursing staff with required knowledge and skills that contribute to quality patient care.


An object of the present invention provides a acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) powder and its manufacturing method of a natural rubber-based. [Solution] The present invention comprises introducing a portion of the natural rubber, the step of producing a mixture of vulcanized natural rubber parts of natural rubber and divinylbenzene (DVB), the vulcanized natural rubber and the monomer solution mixed and steps of manufacturing the grafted natural rubber, natural and mixing step to produce a plurality of grafted polybutadiene rubber and latex masterbatch by mixing grafted natural rubber, and a coagulant to a part of the latex masterbatch comprising the step of producing the ABS powder based on rubber. By mixing a portion of DVB and natural rubber, it is possible to omit an intermediate step before the polymerization process required in the conventional method. Furthermore, manufacturing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) powder are also disclosed by the present method. .FIELD 1


The Authors refer on a microbiological survey effected on developping world of leghornish catering. From 1994 to 1996 seventy-six checks have been done: 455 specimens have been collected. On every specimen seven bacteriological parameters have been choosen : biological indicators and pathogenetic bacteria (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes). The trial showed evidently differences among the three types of catering in order to the microbiological quality.The analytical results and the ensuing remedies allowed to remove some hygienic problems. Besides, the collected data could constitute a contribute for drawing up guide lines in order to evaluate the hygienic condition of the ambients appointed to catering.


[Objective]To discuss the incidence regulation of typhoid and evaluate the effect of prevention measures.[Methods]Based on the analysis of typhoid data in Anshun Municipal from 2003 to 2004.[Results]Typhoid incidence rates were 68.19 and 31.38 per 100 000 persons in 2003 and 2004 respectively.Among them,2 counties was over 100 in 2003,and 3 key counties and 5 non-key-counties were 100.49 and 44.36(P0.01) respectively in 2003,and 29.07 and 33.12(P0.05)respectively in 2004. During these two years,accumulated typhoid incidence rate were 52.91 per 100 000 persons for male,and 46.09 for female(P0.01).High typhoid incidence rate occured in age 10-59,and summer was the peak to flare up typhoid. There were 12 typhoid cases breaking out,due to water source pollution.Blood examination for patients in typhoid breaking out place discovered 4 typhoid bacillus,63 Type A paratyphoid bacillus.And detection on scattered patients found out 23 typhoid bacillus,and 41 Type A paratyphoid bacillus.[Conclusion]Anshun Municipal was demonstrated as a high incidence place of typhoid, and prevention measures implemented by the key counties are effective.


Transmit beamforming is a traditional technique for multi-antenna network. Recently, idea of beamforming is applied in wireless sensor network, which can extent its communication distance significantly. An extendable scheme is proposed for carrier synchronization of distributed beamforming in this paper. All slave nodes adjust local oscillation with the selected master node's oscillation to synchronize carrier frequency. Phase is synchronized at receiving terminal by means that master node rollover signal from each slave node and send it back to counteract phase differences. Simulation is given to analyze its performance. Results show that signal is strengthened at receiving terminal. Besides, circuit prototype is recommended. Effects of node mobility are discussed.


LIME has been made and used by mankind for a good many hundreds of years as a buildi g material and as a basic chemical for the manufacture of many other materials. Only in the last 40-50 years, however, has it been found necessary to produce large amounts of lime of constant high purity and to develop means of handling it in such a way that this purity is protected and preserved. The handling and conveying of chemicals and other materials has developed until it is a very important branch of engineering. Lime for softening water can be used in the form of calcium oxide, or quicklime, or in the form of calcium hydroxide, or hydrated lime. The smaller industrial types of lime-soda softeners, as a rule, use hydrated lime, but the greater proportion of municipal lime-soda softeners use quicklime, and it is used in such quantities that it is usually purchased and shipped in bulk. Twenty years ago this lime was shipped in boxcars equipped with grain boards at the doors to prevent loss. Today a shipment of quicklime in a boxcar is a rarity, covered cement hoppers of 45-50-tons capacity being almost universally used for this purpose, because of the protection they provide for the lime and the ease with which they can be unloaded. In a few places, such as Ann Arbor, Mich., where there is no railroad siding at the softening plant, container cars have been used, the containers being trucked to the plant for unloading. Conveying the lime from the car or container is now no problem. In some of the older plants the lime is discharged from the hopper car to a bucket conveyor system which carries it to the bins. In most modern plants built in the last 25 years, however, the pneumatic conveyor is preferred. There the lime is discharged into an air stream which carries it to a large, coned-bottom separating tank. The air is drawn by a blower through cloth filter bags in the separating tank to remove the dust and then discharged to the atmosphere. The lime is fed from the bottom of the tank by a rotary valve to a screw conveyor which, in turn, carries it to the proper bin. In the Lansing, Mich., plant, where conveyor equipment was installed in 1939, there are six lime bins, six soda ash bins, and two alum bins. Motoroperated valves or gates, with controls located on the operating floor of the plant and also in the room on the same level as the top of the bins, allow the operator to select the bin into which the chemical is to be discharged.


Observing seated posture is important for ergonomic assessment; proper chair fit and chair adjustment should be considered for the entire context of work demands. Recommending only one seated posture presumes that all seated work has a similar location of visual targets, shoulder reach distances, and support surfaces. The nature of work tasks may influence posture more than does chair adjustment, and field observation of sitting should focus specifically on lumbar spine posture when work may cause forward movement of the torso. I suggest that the position and movement of the pelvis in relation to the torso is a reasonable and important indicator of spinal posture.


Aim: To report the intermediate clinical and radiological results of a consecutive series of knee arthroplasies using PFC Sigma endoprosthesis.

Methods: 525 total knee replacements (469 patients) were performed from Aug 97 to Jun 01 using the PFC Sigma components. Cruciate retaining femoral component was used in 219 knees. All patients were prospectively followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months and yearly. Pre operative HSS knee scores and Oxford knee scores were compared with annual scores. Quality of life was assessed using SF12 questionnaire. Knee Society scores were used to assess the radiographs. The average follow up was 61 months (36–84). 11 patients lost to follow up.

Results: Of the 469 patients, 64% were females. Mean age was 74.2 yrs(59–90). Valgus deformity of at least 10 deg was present in 87 (16.5%). Patella resurfacing was performed in 80.5%. A lateral release was performed in 20 patients. Post operative mobilisation was standardised in all patients. 34 patients developed radiologically proven DVT. 24 patients died to unrelated causes. 21 were lost to follow up. 16 (3%) patients developed superficial and 6 developed deep infection. 4 patients underwent revision surgery (3 – infection,1- catastrophic failure). The HSS scores improved from 29(16–65) to 86(59–97) at final follow up (p=0.004). Pre operative Oxford knee scores improved from 10(6–31) to 43(37–48) at last follow up (p=0.008). Radiological knee society score for the femur were less than 5 in 477/478 patients and 7 in 1 patient. The scores for the tibia were less than 5 in 475/478 patients and 6 in 3 patients. Average femoral flexion was 1– 9.2 deg (3.9), knee valgus angle 0.5 – 7.4 (3.5) degrees and the tibial slope was 3.1 deg(0–7.1). SF 12 health scores revealed a good functional outcome of both the physical and mental components. With failure defined as repeat revision because of aseptic loosening, the rate of survival at 5 years months was 99.1% and overall survival at 5 years with removal or repeat revision of any component for any reason as the end point was 97.5%.

Conclusion: Our prospective study of patients with primary knee arthroplasties supports the use of the PFC Sigma total knee proshesis. Our results show excellent clinical outcome comparable with other prostheses. A longer follow-up is needed to establish the durability and longevity of this prosthesis given its excellent intermediate term results


TWO earlier studies, one with children and adolescents under age 18~'), the Tother with adults 18 years of age and older, (7) have shown that family disorganization is characteristic of persons attempting suicide. Operationally, family disorganization was measured by contacts with public or voluntary agencies providing health and welfare services. Such contacts, initiated by the family itself or through intervention of the community, suggest that the family has problems with which it cannot cope without help from specialized community resources. The findings of family disorganization in the two studies were consistent with those of other investigators using different criteria. (1, 2, :>, 1, :;)


EnglishThe universality of human rights is delimited by what is considered to effectively constitute the state of being human in the first place. In addition to a secular-line that separated the divine from the human, the hegemonic modern Western concept of the human emerged in relation to an onto-Manichean colonial line that often makes human rights discourse inefficient for addressing modern colonialism, or complicit with it. For any decolonization of human rights to occur, there needs to be a decolonization of the concept of the human. Frantz Fanon's prayer to his body in Black Skin, White Masks offers a basis for building a decolonial humanism and humanities that counter the coloniality of human rights and serve as propaedeutics for any effort to make human rights relevant for decolonization. francaisL'universalite des droits humains est, en premier lieu, determinee par ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler l'etat d'etre humain. En plus d'une ligne seculiere qui a separe le divin de l'humain, le concept hegemonique occidental moderne de l'etre humain est apparu en relation a une ligne coloniale manicheiste qui, maintes fois, rend inefficace le discours des droits humains dans l'approche du colonialisme moderne ou en fait son complice. Pour que la decolonisation des droits humains ait lieu, il faut qu'existe une decolonisation du concept d'humain. La priere de Franz Fanon a son corps dans Black Skin, White Masks offre une base a la construction d'un humanisme et d'humanites decoloniaux luttant contre la colonialite des droits humains et servent de propedeutique a tout effort permettant que les droits humains soient importants pour la decolonisation. portuguesA universalidade dos direitos humanos e, em primeiro lugar, delimitada pelo que e considerado constituir efectivamente o estado de ser humano. Alem de uma linha secular que separou o divino do humano, o conceito hegemonico ocidental moderno do ser humano surgiu em relacao a uma linha colonial maniqueista que muitas vezes torna o discurso dos direitos humanos ineficaz para abordar o colonialismo moderno ou cumplice dele. Para que ocorra a descolonizacao dos direitos humanos tem de haver uma descolonizacao do conceito de humano. A oracao de Franz Fanon ao seu corpo em Black Skin, White Masks oferece uma base para a construcao de um humanismo e humanidades descoloniais que combatem a colonialidade dos direitos humanos e servem de propedeutica para qualquer esforco que vise tornar os direitos humanos relevantes para a descolonizacao.


The monitoring of banned azo dyes has become one of the most important quality control projects in the international trade of textiles and clothing. It is also one of the basic quality indicators of ecological textiles. In this paper, the theory and characteristics of several new sample preparation techniques were introduced. Then the feasibility of these new sample preparation techniques in the detection of banned azo dyes was analyzed. Furthermore, dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (DLLME) was proposed as the sample preparation technique in the detection of banned azo dyes in textiles.


Through analyzing the history of English teaching and learning in China,this paper attempts to illustrate some issues facing administrators and teachers of English majors,and points out that the key to maintain the position of English majors at China's college education is to formulate a market-oriented learning plan,further stress on the training of basic language skills,and enhance teachers' caliber.


A mild and facile way was used to prepare poly (amidoamine)-grafted muti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-g-PAMAM) nanocomposites via "grafting to" method. The MWCNTs-g-PAMAM nanocomposites are well dispersible in polar solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol. Chemical structure of the resulting product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). FIIR showed that the "grafting to" process belonged to covalent attachment mechanisms. TGA data also showed that the PAMAM dendrimers were successfully grafted to the side wall of MWCNTs, and the relative weight of PAMAM grafted onto the MWCNTs surface was in the order G2.0 G1.0≈G3.0G4.0.


Background Most studies that seek to analyze the prevalence of allergic rhinitis do not include preschool children and the diagnosis in this age group is difficult. Objective Identify complementary tests to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in preschool children and verify if there is scientific robustness to propose a diagnostic algorithm for this condition in this age group. Methods Systematic review of the literature in four databases: SCIELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and SCOPUS. Each article was initially chosen by title, abstract and by the keywords "allergic rhinitis," "diagnosis" and "preschool." Those articles selected entered the complete reading and data extraction phase. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under number CRD42020207053. Results Fourteen articles were suitable for analysis. In the assessment using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies – 2, all studies had at least one domain considered "high risk" or "undetermined risk." Seven reports of nasal cytology, seven of specific IgE, four of immediate hypersensitivity skin test, one of nasal nitric oxide, three of total IgE and one of urinary leukotriene E4 were found. Eight articles evaluated more than one diagnostic test. Conclusion There are no defined criteria for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in preschool children. Nasal cytology, serum specific IgE and immediate hypersensitivity skin test were the most used tests. A reliable diagnostic criterion in this age group is necessary so that in the future it is possible to propose a diagnostic algorithm for allergic rhinitis in preschool children.


Seven correlates of reading comprehension were examined for predictive validity, difficulty, and discriminability. Twentyseven Iranian college students were administered a series of eight test batteries so that there was a repeated measure sample size of 178. Cloze-recognition, synonym-antonym selection, multiple-choice sentence selection, question-written response, and grammaticality of response predictors were examined at two levels of context difficulty. Intermediate difficulty synonym-antonym selection (r =.768) and multiple-choice sentence selection (r =.736) exhibited the highest correlations with the criterion.


Ding Ling's fiction "New Faith"had been paid little attention,and if any,were also misread.However,as a short story after Ding Ling entered the liberated areas,it had important status.It continued the theme of Ding Ling's attention on expressing women's self-consciousness,and exploring women's self-rescue.The main character old Lady Chen changed her way of doing things and her character because of unexpected incident.These changes were caused by her awakening of life and self-help.However,this awakening was so passive and the self-rescue was so helpless.Although Ding Ling arranged a bright end for her,it revealed the hidden faint,from which we can gain a glimpse of Ding Ling's thought on her own destiny.


By elucidaiton on the basis concept of multi_user and its parallel access to data_base, a general rule of design how to get access to data_base in FoxPro condition is discussed. In this thesis some practical and accessible methods as well as programs are proposed.


There are many evolutionary algorithms for numerical optimization problems. However, the universality and robustness of existing algorithms are still unsatisfactory, and the performance of these al...


A 43-year old woman presented with lethal purpura fulminans caused by a Streptococcus pneumoniae infection with pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. The only predisposing factor identified was severe chronic alcoholism. The high morbidity and mortality rates of pneumococcal infections in alcoholics are emphasized.


Abstract: Organ regeneration is an area of biomedical study that focuses on replacing an organ's cells to repair tissues and organs and partly or totally restore their original function. This article provides an overview of organ regeneration using stem cells and their potential use for treating kidney disorders. Compared to other organs, the kidney is a sensitive organ with a relatively low capability for regeneration. Renal disorder is becoming a public health concern. There are many progressive therapies to deal with such problems, but still mortality rates among subjects remained above average. Stem cell approach has been identified as a potentially effective approach in the search for novel therapies for promoting kidney regeneration. It is an excellent and promising alternative treatment to current therapies because this can provide a cure to kidney diseases and injuries without a transplant or dialysis. The stem cell therapy can be considered for the repair and kidney tissue regeneration. Different stem cell types and their mechanism have been discussing in this article. Also, the serious diseases caused by renal dysfunction are focused here such as AKI and CKD, the most common clinical issue in critically ill patients effecting around 50% and 18% of global population respectively.


Trismus is a well-known symptom in dental practice. Many of the causes are temporomandibular disorders, inflammation, tumor, and trauma. This report describes a case of trismus caused by pterygomandibular raphe rigidity. A systematic review was performed to identify reports on cause of trismus. An 89-year-old woman complained of trismus and right mandibular displacement when mouth opening. In the intraoral examination, the rigidity of the right side pterygomandibular raphe was noted when mouth opening. The rigidity gingiva was not extensible, and it inhibited the rotational movement and forward movement of the right mandible, so it was considered that the mandible was displaced to the right during mouth opening. Therefore, for incision and mobilization operation of rigidity gingiva, patient was introduced to the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (JSOMS) accreditation hospital. At the JSOMS accreditation hospital, an incision surgical operation was performed to transversely incise and longitudinally suture in the right side pterygomandibular raphe. The amount of mouth opening increased from 32 mm to 37mm by an incision surgery. This systematic review summarized the literature on the cause of trismus. TMJ disease was the most frequent disease-causing trismus. Then it was in order of tumor, inflammation, tetanus, scar and mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia. There was no report of pterygomandibular raphe rigidity. In this present case, the rigidity of pterygomandibular raphe was noted by detailed intraoral inspection. Therefore, it was considered that detailed intraoral inspection is necessary in dental medicine. *Correspondence to: Kentaro Ouchi, DDS, PhD, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Field of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, Tel: +81-92-641-1151, Fax: +81-92-642-6481; E-mail: email@example.com