Application of anther culture in purification and rejuvenation of CMS lines XG111A and maintainer lines XG111B in rice,the results showed that: it was contributed to the improvement of anther callus induction rate that pretreated for 3-18 d at low temperature of 6-8 ℃.Especially,callus induction rate was highest for 8 d at 6-8 ℃;Differentiation rate of callus induced between 35 d and 50 d was highest for XG111A and XG111B,22.5% and 30.2% respectively;sterile rate of pollen in CMS lines of anther culture was 100%;99.58% in the field.The uniformity in lines of CMS and maintainer had been significantly improved through anther culture.About 90% normal plants obtained by anther culture showed genetic stability and some plants are superior to donor plants.


We present results on the dust attenuation of galaxies at redshift ˜3-6 by studying the relationship between the UV spectral slope (βUV) and the infrared excess (IRX ; LIR/LUV) using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) far-infrared continuum observations. Our study is based on a sample of 67 massive, star- forming galaxies with a median mass of M* ˜ 1010.7 M⊙ spanning a redshift range z = 2.6-3.7 (median z = 3.2) that were observed with ALMA at λ _{;rest};=300 {;μ m};. Both the individual ALMA detections (41 sources) and stacks including all galaxies show the IRX-βUV relationship at z ˜ 3 is mostly consistent with that of local starburst galaxies on average. However, we find evidence for a large dispersion around the mean relationship by up to ±0.5 dex. Nevertheless, the locally calibrated dust correction factors based on the IRX-βUV relation are on average applicable to main-sequence z ˜ 3 galaxies. This does not appear to be the case at even higher redshifts, however. Using public ALMA observations of z ˜ 4-6 galaxies we find evidence for a significant evolution in the IRX-βUV and the IRX-M* relations beyond z ˜ 3 towards lower IRX values. We discuss several caveats that could affect these results, including the assumed dust temperature. ALMA observations of larger z > 3 galaxy sample spanning a wide range of physical parameters (e.g. lower stellar mass) will be important to investigate this intriguing redshift evolution further.


In this study, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay composite plates, with I.30E clay contents ranging between 0 and 5 wt.%, were manufactured by hand layup with hot pressing. Flexural strength of unexposed fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay reached an optimum improvement of 11% for 1.5 wt.%. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that at this clay loading, better interfacial adhesion of clay with glass fibers was achieved. At higher clay loadings, clay agglomeration and presence micro-voids led to less strength improvement. The maximum water uptake was found to decrease with increasing clay loading and moisture diffusion at 80℃ was about 80% higher than that at room temperature. Post exposure flexural tests revealed a behavior similar to that of unexposed samples with nanoclay loading of 1.5 wt.% leading to optimal flexural properties. Exposure to moisture resulted in degradation of fiber-reinforced epoxy-nanoclay flexural properties with about 36% reduction in strength for 80℃ and 8% for room temperature.


were significantly higher than those in women without hot flushes[6]. In chronic inflammatory disease, a new candidate IL17A produced by T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes & effects on neutrophil recruitment & granulopoieses [7]. Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women recorded significant increase in IL17A level which highlighted to its role in chronic inflammatory events & increases their susceptibility to the chronic inflammatory disease [8].


The southern coastal areas of West Java in Indonesia has the potential of fishery and the conservation of fisheries resources. Most of the people living in coastal areas having livelihood as fishermen. Hence fishermen have an important role as actors in environmental conservation protection, e.g. by managing the zoning system for the sustainability of fisheries resources. This research aims to analyze factors that influence the level of community-based environmental education in coastal areas and their role in conservation of fisheries resources. The method used in this research is a case study using primary and secondary data. The number of respondents used in this research were 30 respondents with purposive sampling technique of taking respondents. The analysis tool used in this research is rank spearman. Based on the results of the research we found factors that influence the level of communitybased environmental education in coastal areas, namely attitude, awareness, and action. The strength of attitude (X1) variable was found to be r_s = 0.556 which indicates that attitude has a moderate relationship to environmental education conservation fisheries resources is turtles (Y). Meanwhile the strength of awareness (X2) variable was found to be 0.639 which indicates that awarness has a strong relationship. Finally the strength of action (X3) was found to be 0.509 which indicates that action has a moderate relationship. As a general conclusion of this research we believe that turtle conservation education has a better chance of success, if it can be done by all stakeholders by simulataneously involve together in comunity-based environmental education program.


Anechoic chamber characterizations and signal verifications required a broadband omnidirectional antenna. A tapered slot antenna combined with a biconical antenna was modeled and a prototype was built. Measurement results are discussed and are consistent with the requirements.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to a parking brake module (2), a parking brake device having a Noteinbremsfunktion with which a pressure medium is controllable at least one brake actuator (40). For this purpose, the parking brake module (2) an electronic control device (20), at least one actuatable by the electronic control device solenoid valve (14), a pressure medium quantity reinforcing valve (16) for pressure medium to the at least one brake actuator (40) and at least one pressure medium inlet (4), over is supplied to the parking brake module (2) pressure means on. To provide the Noteinbremsfunktion, the parking brake module (2) further comprises a double cut (48) and a pressure medium connection (46), wherein the double cut (48) has two inputs (50, 52) and an output (54). The double cut (48) is formed such that the one input (50, 52) bears against which the lower pressure to the output (54) of the Doppelabsperrventils (48) is connected, and that the output (54) of Doppelabsperrventils (48 ) is connected to the control input (44) of the fluid-flow-boosting valve (16). Furthermore, the invention relates to a brake system with a Feststelleinrichtung with a Noteinbremsfunktion, a vehicle so and a method for operating such Feststellbremseinrichtung with Noteinbremsfunktion.


The totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) is widely used for drug access or infusion during cancer treatment (1). A central venous catheter can improve the quality of the patient's life by administering chemotherapy agents and drugs. Sometimes, several complications associated with the use of these devices can be seen. Fracture of the catheter may be the most serious complications, which could lead to pulmonary embolism, arrhythmic events, endocarditis, and perforation of the myocardium; although it occurs in around 1% of the patients (2). About 90% of foreign materials can be extracted by percutaneous transcatheter removal technique, a minimally invasive approach (3). Forceps, basket, gooseneck snare, and triple loops snare were reported to retrieve the fractured catheter successfully (4). To the best of our knowledge, herein, we report the first case of successful percutaneous transvenous removal of a fractured chemotherapy port catheter with a novel technique, balloon-supported retrieval.


Objective
To investigate the effect of parathyroid gland resection on renal anemia and nutritional status in patients with secondary parathyroid function.

Methods
From December 2012 to December 2014, 73 patients with secondary hyperthyroidism were treated with parathyroid gland resection after invalid drug therapy. The serum levels of iPTH, Ca2+ , P, Hb, Hct, calcium and phosphorus product, the amount of rHuEPO, ALB, TC, TG, BMI, TSF, upper arm muscle circumference, serum iron, ferritin, CRP, Kt/V and URR% and other indicators before and after operation were observed.

Results
At 1 month, 6 months, 12 months after operation, the serum levels of iPTH, Ca2+ , P, Ca and P were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were significant (P 0.05).

Conclusions
Hyperparathyroidism is the leading cause of renal anemia and malnutrition and parathyroid gland resection in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, which can significantly reduce the intact parathyroid hormone levels, reduce the symptoms of renal anemia, and improve the nutritional status.

Key words:
Parathyroid gland resection; Secondary parathyroid function; Renal anemia; Nutritional status


Background: Propofol is a commonly used intravenous (IV) induction agent. The induction dose of propofol is 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg in healthy adults producing unconsciousness, depending upon concomitant medications (i.e. opoid analgesics), the patient's age and physical status, and the extent of surgical stimulation. Objective: To assess the induction dose with ketamine and midazolam co-induction to propofola. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind and interventional study conducted at Department of Anesthesiology, Sher-e-bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal, Bangladesh from January to June 2019. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective surgery to be performed under general anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.3 mg/kg of Ketamine or 0.03 mg/ kg of Midazolam intravenously as co-induction agent. A minute after administration of co-induction agent, anesthesia was induced with Propofol 40 mg bolus then 10 mg every 10 seconds until the loss of verbal response. The hemodynamic response at 0, 1, 2, 5 minutes respectively and the induction dose of Propofol were noted. Results: The mean arterial pressure heart rates were significantly lower at 1, 2 and 5 minutes in midazolam group. However, mean arterial pressure and heart were within the physiological range in both the groups. Propofol dose requirement for induction between the two groups was similar (p>0.05) but co-induction significantly decreased the induction dose of Propofol as compared to standard recommended dose for induction. Conclusion: Our study showed that hemodynamic variables were maintained within the physiological range with midazolam and ketamine co-induction. However, lesser degree of decrease in mean arterial pressure was seen with ketamine but the heart rate was higher. A similar reduction of induction dose of propofol was achieved with both the drugs.


Program Evaluation of a Laptop Initiative for Student Learning by Thomas J. O'Hara MA, New Jersey City University, 1999 BS, Lock Haven University, 1985 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University July 2018 Abstract Administrators of a New Jersey school district implemented a 1:1 laptop initiative in Grades 6-8 in 2013 to bolster student achievement. An evaluation had not been conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the 1:1 laptop initiative on student achievement. The conceptual framework for this study was Stufflebeam's context, input, process, and product evaluation model. The focus of the research question was the differences in New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge math scores between students involved in the 1:1 laptop initiative for 1 year and students who were not involved. A quantitative post hoc analysis was used to examine data collected from the state assessment database using a convenience sample of only 6th grade students (n = 109). The students' data on the statewide test revealed a mean difference between the 1:1 group (n = 57) which scored 13 points higher than the control group (n = 52). Results of an independent t test were statistically significant at the p = 0.062 level. A position paper based on study findings includes recommendations to the local board of education to continue the initiative and plan professional development for teachers. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the initiative. Investments in technology such as this initiative may result in improved teaching and learning as a positive social change outcome. Being involved in a 1:1 laptop initiative at an early age in school may assist students in becoming literate in the use of technology, which may help them meet their future career goals.Administrators of a New Jersey school district implemented a 1:1 laptop initiative in Grades 6-8 in 2013 to bolster student achievement. An evaluation had not been conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the 1:1 laptop initiative on student achievement. The conceptual framework for this study was Stufflebeam's context, input, process, and product evaluation model. The focus of the research question was the differences in New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge math scores between students involved in the 1:1 laptop initiative for 1 year and students who were not involved. A quantitative post hoc analysis was used to examine data collected from the state assessment database using a convenience sample of only 6th grade students (n = 109). The students' data on the statewide test revealed a mean difference between the 1:1 group (n = 57) which scored 13 points higher than the control group (n = 52). Results of an independent t test were statistically significant at the p = 0.062 level. A position paper based on study findings includes recommendations to the local board of education to continue the initiative and plan professional development for teachers. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the initiative. Investments in technology such as this initiative may result in improved teaching and learning as a positive social change outcome. Being involved in a 1:1 laptop initiative at an early age in school may assist students in becoming literate in the use of technology, which may help them meet their future career goals. Program Evaluation of a Laptop Initiative for Student Learning by Thomas J. O'Hara MA, New Jersey City University, 1999 BS, Lock Haven University, 1985 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University July 2018 Acknowledgments I would be remiss if I did not thank my chairperson, Dr. David Weintraub, and my second member, Dr. Irene McAfee. Without their continued guidance and support, I would have abandoned this process a while ago. The doctoral journey was a test of persistence, and their continued patience and work with me has led to a finished product. I also need to acknowledge my wife and family for their patience as well during this journey, since there were times where I was a little irritable and they understood and gave me the time and space to complete my tasks.


Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade has been demonstrated to reduce obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) and has also proved helpful in reducing angina pectoris due to ischemic heart disease. Accordingly, the effects of oral propranolol on the level and duration of exercise required to produce angina in seven patients with IHSS were compared with a placebo. Improvement in exercise performance was observed in six patients taking propranolol orally in doses ranging from 80 mg to 480 mg daily. Clinical improvement was sustained in the four patients given propranolol since discharge from the hospital for periods up to 15 months, and in three it has been possible to obviate corrective operations. The mechanism by which propranolol is efficacious in this disease is probably related to the diminution of myocardial O2 requirements resulting from the reduction of wall tension, velocity of contraction, and heart rate induced by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade.


A series of high-quality conventional and explicitly correlated second-order Mo/ller–Plesset energies, denoted as MP2 and MP2-R12/A, respectively, was computed in a state-of-the-art attempt to arrive at the ab initio limit for the barrier to linearity of water. [O/H]-centered Gaussian basis sets as large as [19s13p11d9f7g5h3i/13s11p9d7f5g3h] were employed in the study. We find that basis functions with high orbital angular momentum quantum number (h and i) are important for highly accurate predictions of the electronic energy, even when explicitly correlated approaches are utilized. This observation is at variance with previous claims that explicitly correlated methods require basis sets saturated only to the level of f functions for spectroscopic accuracy. Our best explicitly computed value for the MP2 contribution to the barrier is −357 cm−1. The resulting final ab initio estimate for the classical barrier to linearity of water is 11 119±15 cm−1, in good agreement with the most recently obtained empiric...


Dr Greening's survey of the attention paid to physical health parameters of patients in rehabilitation and recovery ( Psychiatric Bulletin , June 2005, 29 , 210-212) highlighted inadequacies in routine monitoring and a lack of clear guidelines from policymakers over what a full assessment might


Department of Mathematics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, U.P., IndiaHardy's is one of the simplest arguments concerning non-locality. Recently Chen et. al. haveproposed a more generalized Hardy-like argument and have shown that the probability of successincreases with local system's dimension. Here we study the same in a minimally constrained the-ory, namely the generalized no-signaling theory(GNST). We nd that not only the probability ofsuccess of this argument increases with local system dimension in GNST, it also takes a very simplefunctional form.


Marlin Weekley, R.Ph., owner of four community pharmacies in central Illinois, had a problem. While his stores yielded an annual sales volume of better than $9 million, managing his generic buying program had become a headache that was leaking profits.


Researchers have conducted a large number of studies to solve problems and help teachers to overcome their difficulties. They have also tried to find the relationship between the result of research and their teaching. Learning English as a second or foreign language has received a lot of attention, so teachers have to find some well-planned and organized ways to facilitate the process of learning and teaching. This paper is a brief review on teaching English as a foreign language and why learners are interested in learning English. It also discusses why teachers have difficulties with teaching English language, and what they should do to facilitate the teaching process. It shows the relationship between language pedagogy and research as well as research and teaching. It also deals with a set of strategies and methods that teachers can apply as instruments to improve their students' learning English.


Abstract : The Department of Defense's (DoD) strategy to minimize the number of bulk fuels conflicts with provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA-90). When DoD uses JP-8 in ground vehicles, it must meet the Environmental Protection Agency regulations for diesel emissions. Diesel fuel can't exceed 0.05 percent sulfur by weight, but the specification for JP-8 allows 0.30 percent sulfur by weight. So ground units continue to use diesel fuel in CONUS and convert to JP-8 during deployment. This will affect readiness because JP-8 cleans diesel residue from fuel systems and requires a couple of fuel filter changes to eliminate the problem. Is this conflict a show stopper or perhaps the apparent conflict is really not a problem at all? My premise is that DoD can overcome this conflict by using Low Sulfur JP-8 to ensure high readiness. Two potential obstacles could prevent setting up that policy. If sufficient quantities of Low Sulfur JP-8 aren't available, then implementation is irrelevant. Prohibitive cost could also make this option infeasible. Other options are also explored. In summary, the DoD can retain the great operational and environmental advantages of a single fuel on the battlefield by switching to Low Sulfur JP-8. Low Sulfur JP-8 may offer similar benefits to commercial airlines and the transportation industry.


Mix design is a critical process in concrete production that determines the optimal combination of materials to produce concrete with desired properties. In this, we will discuss three commonly used methods for mix design: the American Concrete Institute (ACI) method, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), and the Design of Experiments (DOE) method.
The cement, water, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate ratios needed to produce the desired strength and workability are calculated using the commonly used ACI technique. The ACI technique uses experimental data and historical experience to arrive at an appropriate mix design. The BIS technique, which offers recommendations for the selection of materials, proportions, and testing processes to achieve the specified strength and durability of concrete, is comparable to the ACI method.
The DOE technique is a statistical strategy that entails developing a design matrix and doing tests to ascertain the impact of various elements on the characteristics of concrete. This approach makes it possible to evaluate the variables that affect mix design in a more systematic and thorough manner, producing a concrete mix that is more effective and optimized.
In conclusion, while the DOE method is a more challenging approach that may result in more effective and optimized mix designs, the ACI and BIS approaches are frequently utilized and offer helpful guidance for mix design. In the end, the strategy used will depend on the particular needs of the project and the resources that are available.


The aim of this article is to offer an overview about the applicability of critical thinking to nursing education and nursing practice. Foolowing, Brookfiels`s (1987) model is applied to nursing situations.


The split velocity method was applied to study the response of a finite flat-plate wing with an aspect ratio of four encountering a large transverse gust with various gust widths. The gust is model...


Traditional network billing,with a single billing method,could neither reflect the differentiation of the multi-level service nor validate rationality of billing.In order to solve these problems,we design a scheme of "QoS-SLA-based billing system".And we implement the billing system under the circumstance of Linux,which includes SLA subscription,authentication and deployment,admit control,data collection,data disposal and billing.At last,the experiments of comparing the two billing schemes prove that our billing scheme could solve the disadvantages with traditional network billing scheme and could satisfy the demand of NGN's development.


A new synthetic method for the preparation of di-μ-chlorobis[π-1-chloro-1-aryl-2-(2′,2′-diarylvinyl)allyl]palladium(II) complexes has been developed from the reaction of arylvinylcyclopropenes with a Pd(II) complex along with a novel dehydrogenative rearrangement of arylvinylcyclopropenes via di-μ-chlorobis[π-1-chloro-1-aryl-2-(2′,2′-diarylvinyl)allyl]palladium(II) complexes to produce 7H-benzo[c]fluorene derivatives in good yields under mild conditions. A stoichiometric amount of silver salts or a catalytic amount of strong Bronsted acid HOTf can be the promoter or the catalyst for this interesting dehydrogenative rearrangement.


Page 1 of 4 1/10 UNDERSTANDING CORRELATION Correlation analysis is a statistical method used to describe the degree to which one variable is linearly related to another. Correlation analysis is often used along with regression analysis to measure how well the least squares line fits the data. Correlation analysis can also be used by itself to measure the degree of association between two variables.


A multi-objective evolution algorithm based on good point set is proposed to tackle restraint optimization problems.Good point set in number theory and multi-objective optimization methods are integrated into algorithm.Restraint optimization problem is transformed into a bi-objective optimization problem.Combined with the principle of good point set,it makes the individuals in search space distribute more evenly.The new mutation operator is applied for enhancing the diversity of the offspring population.A sub-swarm local search operator with Pareto non-dominated is used to choose the best individuals for the next population.Experimental results show that the algorithm has good stability.


Objective To explore the correlation between in various clinical state and inflammation in patients with atrial fibrillation(Af)by investigate changes of concentration of plasm high sensitivity C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP) and interleuki-6(IL-6) in patients with Af.Methods 60 patients who were diagnosed as Af were entered and were compared with normal control group(n=20),patients with Af were divided into two groups:paroxysmal Af(n=18)and no paroxysmal Af(n=42) group according to spontaneously termination,no paroxysmal Af group were divided into various subgroups according to left atrial diameter(LAD≤40 mm,LAD40 mm),age70y,≥70y).left ventricle eject fraction(LVEF50%,LVEF≥50%),respectively.Enzynle-linked immunonsorbent assay(ELISA) methods were used to measure plasma Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in 60 patients with Af and in normal control group,statistical evaluation was performed with SPSS 12.0 software.Results The plasma Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels of LAD﹥40 mm in patients with no paroxysmal Af were significantly higher than that in subset of LAD≤40 mm(P0.05),The plasma Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in subset of age≥70y in patients with no paroxysmal Af was higher than that in subset of age 70y.No significant changes of their levels were found between LVEF50% and LVEF≥50% group in patients with no paroxysmal Af after adjusted by covariance analysis.Conclusion(1)The results indicate that inflammation in Af patients may play an important role in the initiating and sustaining Af.(2)The plasma Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in subset of LAD40 mm,age≥70y in patients without no paroxysmal Af are significantly elevated,this study indicates that the inflammatory reaction may promote the occurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation by affect atrial remodeling.


We behind application and Abstract This paper proposes a wearable audio book application using two wearable devices, a smartwatch and a hearables. We review requirements of what could be a killer wearable application and design our application based on these elicited requirements. To distinguish our application, we present 7 scenarios and introduce several wearable interaction modalities. To show feasibility of our approach, we design and implement our proof-of-concept prototype on Android emulator as well as on a commercial smartwatch. We thoroughly address how different interaction modalities are designed and implemented in the Android platform. Lastly, we show latency of the multi-modal and alternative interaction modalities that can be gracefully handled in wearable audio application use cases.


The relationships between overgrow of filamentous bacteria and influent concentration, process problems and operation conditions during the operation of BAF process were introduced. And accordingly the related theories and the engineering practices were also discussed. The method to control effectively overgrow of filamentous bacteria in BAF process, such as changing the conditions, improving the BAF and performance of filter, adding the medicines, supplying elements and biological selector was proposed to offer reference for the designers and the operator.


This document contains results of a variety of studies on the SRS (Savannah River Site) resorcinol-formaldehyde ion exchange resin with a simulant of the high-level liquid waste found in the Hanford 101-AW tank. Small column studies indicate that flow rates of 2.5 column volumes or less per hour give well-defined breakthrough curves. More rapid flow rates of three to twenty column volumes per hour produce leakage of cesium ion before 50% breakthrough has been reached after processing about 100 column volumes of feed. Upflow elution of the small columns with three concentrations of nitric acid show that about 85% of the cesium, sodium, and potassium ions on the resin can be removed simultaneously with 0.5 M HNO{sub 3}. Radiolysis studies at doses as high as 1E+09 rads have shown that the resin is more stable to radiation in water than in the 101-AW simulant. Radiation doses up to 1 E+08 rads did not alter the performance of the resin for cesium removal. Exposure to radiation or storage did not affect the thermal stability of the resin. Hydrogen gas is produced from radiolysis of resin in 101-AW simulant. Other gases that were measured were N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, N{submore » 2}O, CO, and CH{sub 4}. Densities and kinetic and dynamic viscosities were determined for the 101-AW simulant at six temperatures ranging between 25{degrees}C and 80{degrees}C. Preliminary results indicated that the performance of the resin was only slightly diminished with increase in temperature although elution efficiency appeared to be enhanced.« less


In standard cosmology, redshift is related to scale factor by z = a−1 − 1. Varying speed of light cosmologies also have applied this relationship, in which c does not explicitly appear, with the assumption that ℏ∝c. Measured redshift is not a comparison of an observed spectrum with the spectrum as it was emitted at a distant location, but a comparison with a reference spectrum generated more locally. This distinction suggests decomposition into two parts: (a) change during the flight of a photon, and (b) difference in physics at the time of emission and at the time of observation of a photon associated with an electron transition between specific bound states of an atom. Based on atomic units consistent with data and a relativistic atomic model, redshift is given by z = β(θ)θa−1 − 1, where θ = c/c0, with c0 the present value of c, and β is a function of the atomic parameters describing the transition. The modified form appears to have a modest effect (a difference in scale factor < 2 %) for redshifts that are not much greater than 10. However, the modification can have a major effect for an early universe with c significantly larger than the present. The simplified form z = θa−1 − 1, which results from a non-relativistic model, provides an approximation for redshift that is not transition-specific.


We give a systematic technical exposition of the foundations of the theory of e↵ectively compact metric spaces. We discover several new characterizations of e↵ective compactness and apply these characterizations to prove new results in computable analysis and e↵ective topology. We also apply the technique of e↵ective compactness to give new and less combinatorially involved proofs of known results from the literature. Some of these results do not have e↵ective compactness or compact spaces in their statements, and thus these applications are not necessarily direct or expected.


A Doppler compensation technique is proposed and demonstrated for OFDM-RoF coherent detection through frequency synchronization based on period-one nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers. A 28-GHz chirped microwave with ±100 kHz variation is frequency-synchronized in real-time.


•Summary Theparameters ofovulation used attheinfertility clinic of Tygerberg Hospital were evaluated in 45 sponta neously ovulating women. The mean maximum pre ovulatory serum oestradiol level was 1 274pmol/I with a standard deviation of 432 pmol/I and an average daily increase of 245. pmol/I over the last 3 pre ovulatory days. Normal values were identified for a cervical mucus scoring system similar to the Insler system. The mean midluteal serum progesterone value was 25,S nmol/l with a standard deviation of 7,5 nmol/I. Ultrasound examinations of the ovaries to diagnose ovulation were used for the first time in Tygerberg Hospital;theaverage ofmaximum diameters in three dimensionswas usedto measurefollicles. The average daily pre-ovulatory growth rate was 2,3 mm andthe maximumfollicle size 20,S mm with a standard deviation of 2,3 mm. The most common ultrasonic signs of ovulation were reduction in follicle size, development ot irregular borders and intrafollicular echoes. In 5 patients endometrial histological dating lagged more than 2 days behind ultrasonic signs of ovulation. These were considered cases of .luteal phase insufficiency.Themaximum pre-ovulatory serum oestradiol levels were statistically significantly lower in these cases. S Atr Med J 1984: lSI: 567-572.


The theory of tariffs is very different from the reality of tariffs. Most of the literature on protectionism is too theoretical and, more importantly, too aggregate. In practice, tariffs greatly differ among products and affect consumers differently based on their income and gender. In this paper we use a gender approach to study US tariffs on selected apparel and footwear products. The scope of this study is to examine whether gender plays a role in evaluating the cost of tariffs on consumers and to suggest policies to end a possible discriminatory conduct.


Introduction: Thermal properties of icy regolith on Mars have generally been extrapolated from theory or measurements of terrestrial permafrost. In a series of laboratory experiments, we measure thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity of icy regolith created by vapor deposition under Martian atmospheric conditions. We find ice deposited in this manner, which may be common on Mars (and present on the Moon), has a thermal conductivity that increases roughly linearly with volumetric ice content. We find a best fit linear trend for conductivity, λicy, of λicy=0.811φF+ λdry where φ is the dry regolith porosity and F is the volumetric ice-filling fraction, or about 81% that of a linear mixing trend between dry regolith and ice. We describe the observed microphysical structure of ice responsible for these thermal properties, which displaces interstitial gases, traps bubbles and bridges non-neighboring grains. Background and Experimental Setup: Here we describe a set of thermal properties measurements performed in a unique laboratory set up at the Caltech Icelab. The basis of this experiment has been reported in previous studies [1] and involves the deposition of water vapor into a sub-freezing regolith simulant in low pressure (6mbar) CO2 atmosphere. The regolith simulant, 500 μm glass spheres, is kept under a relatively strong thermal gradient ranging from 268K at the surface to ~200K at 5cm depth. As water vapor enters the vacuum chamber, it deposits within the pore space of simulant at depths where temperatures fall below those required for saturation. Water vapor densities are maintained such that the surface remains nearly ice free, while an ice table forms at roughly 1cm depth. Understanding the physical and thermal properties of vapor-derived ice is an important factor in examining the response of subsurface ice to Martian climate variation [8, 2]. We instrumented the apparatus with an 11-needle thermal properties probe. As seen in Figure 1, the needles, each 1mm in diameter, lie horizontally through the 5cm regolith simulant at 0.5cm intervals. Each needle contains a resistive wire heater and a thermocouple. The heater is briefly pulsed (~10 seconds) and heat loss and exchange between neighboring needles is monitored by the thermocouples. The amplitude and rate of temperature change at a source needle or its neighbor will be modified by the thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of the surrounding medium [9]. Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the 11-needle thermal properties probe within a 5cm deep sample.


Over the last two decades much work has been done to address the needs of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) areas and to develop interventions that encourage girls to pursue careers in these areas. A popular solution seems to be "single-gender" education but whether or not the positive results of these programs can be attributed to the single-gender environment is questionable. The Center for Pre-college Programs at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJlT) has offered a "girls-only" Women in Engineering and Technology program (FEMME) since 1981. To test the hypothesis that the positive results of FEMME may be due to good educational methodologies, rather than due to the single-gender environment, NJIT developed the pre-engineering program (PrEP). The PrEP and one of the FEMME programs are identical in every way, except for the inclusion of male students in PrEP. This paper summarizes the current research on single-gender education in STEM and the results of our study.


pract ical im plementa tion of these laws was initially block ed by Soviet fed era l m inistries, th eir formal existence in the books enabled Yel tsin to move m ore quick ly to wa rds liber a lization of the econo my afte r th e Soviet U nion colla psed . As a result o f Yeltsin 's subseq uent problems wit h hi s own leg islature in 1992, which se rious ly im pa ired hi s refo rms, m uch of th e Russian legi slati on of the 1990-1991 peri od con tinues to be important tod ay. For thi s reason, m an y of th e documents in P rofessor Butler's co llection a re still cu rrent. They a re used as th e legi slati ve bases for su bseq ue n t devel opments, and to a lar ge exten t th ey remain th e st ruc tu re fo r Yeltsin 's reform pr og ra m s. In thi s respect es pecia lly va luable among th e documen ts are the English tr a nslation s of th e April 1991 Land C ode, th e Ju ly 1991 Privati zation Law, a nd th e Decem ber 1990 Sta tu te (also known as Regulati ons) on JointStoc k C om panies . These do cu me nts will remain important un til Yeltsin ga ins m or e pow e r and introduces mor e swe eping reforms. The co nten t of th e volu me is easy to describe. The collec tion begins with a g roup of docu m ents crea ti ng th e Com monwea lth of Independent Stat es in December 1991. This is follo wed by a tr an slation of now la rgely inoper ative Treat y on an Economic Com mun ity Yelt sin managed to pu sh th rough in O ctobe r ' 991 as a cou nte rmove to Gorbachev's a ttem pt to sa lvage th e Sovi et U nio n a fte r the August 1991 Co up by bringing into existence a new un ion o f th e republics. The bulk of th e book is tak en up by E ng lish tran slations of Ru ssian laws. They a re a r ra nged into seven sections dea ling respectively with sta te sovereig n ty, sta te struc ture , prope rty and pr ivati zati on , Com pa ny law, restricti ve practi ces, fo reig n economic ac tivit ies, and free eco nom ic zo nes . As rad ical cha ng es continue to tak e place in Ru ssia, it is quite possibl e that soo n m an y of th e laws in thi s volume may become hi story. As lon g as they stay in fo rce, th is co llec tion will remain a co nv enie nt En gli sh -lan guage source for th eir texts.


The main purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach to design a DC-DC boost converter with constant output voltage for grid connected photovoltaic application system. The boost converter is designed to step up a fluctuating solar panel voltage to a higher constant DC voltage. It uses voltage feedback to keep the output voltage constant. To do so, a microcontroller is used as the heart of the control system which it tracks and provides pulse-widthmodulation signal to control power electronic device in boost converter. The boost converter will be able to direct couple with grid-tied inverter for grid connected photovoltaic system. Simulations were performed to describe the proposed design.


Mencius, who was born in the 4th century B. C. in the intensive agricultural region of the lower Hwang Ho plain, had advocated the so called Tsing-tien. It was a grid-pattern land project and its ground block was 1 Ri (about 400 metres) square called Tsing, which was divi-ded into 9 Fus. Fu means one family's holding, so one Tsing was the ideal type of a village planning in whick eight families settled them-selves at the central Fu section, and had to farm the other eight Fus. This land project was demarcated with ditches and lanes. Tshin dynasty in the 3rd century B. C. and the Pei Wei dynasty in the 5th century B. C. which have both risen in the more arid and sparsely populated north western China enlarged the ground block. Some aerial photographs of the northern China plains today show the grid patterns which perhaps have been originated for more than thousand years ago. The creek system in Yangtze delta seems to exemplify a some what degenerated form of a grid pattern land project which was practiced in that area. This method propagated to the east Asian countries, in Korea we can find its remnant in Pyong-yang; and in Japan, the Taika reformation in the 7th century adopted this system and practiced it all over the country. Yamato basin is the model district in which Japanese grid :pattern land project called Jori system, was put into practice in its typical form. Jori's ground block was also 1, Ri (but its length was prolonged and was about 640 metres) square, which was divided into 36 sections. In frontier regions, for instance in the Chikugo river plain in Kyu-shu, the shape of grid patterns becomes a little incorrect and the creek landscape of this plain resembles that of Yangtze delta. Thus, ewe may-suppose that there lies the some physical and social coditions between these plains. The pioneer settlements in northern Manchuria were developed under the enlarged Tsin-t'ien system. Those of Hokkaido in Japan were also projected in grid pattern, only this have been remodeled from Ame-rican township system to fit the original Japanese farming and consequ-ently resembled the Jori and Tsing-t'ien systems of ancient days.


Previous investigators record different observations on the effect of bile on bacteriophagic action. Hauduroy, 1 Jong and Hauduroy, 2 and d'Herelle 3 found that bile was decidedly inhibitory, whereas Caublot, 4 in observations extending over a period of two years, obtained no evidence of an inhibitory action of bile on bacteriophage. In the studies, recorded here, of the action of bile on bacteriophage, B. coli, B. typhosus and B. dysenteriae Shiga and Mt. Desert strains were used with bacteriophages obtained from stool filtrates and from culture filtrates. In no case was there any inhibition of the bacteriophage in the presence of bile, although the bile was added to broth medium in concentrations of 10 per cent and 50 per cent. Filtered bile was tested as well as bile sterilized by heat, and a peptone medium was substituted for beef infusion broth, but the end result was always the same, the bile never inhibited the bacteriophage. Bachmann and Aquino 5 report that, in their experiments, bile stimulated the production of a lytic substance by bacteria; but these authors also obtained a transmissible lytic substance from the bacterial culture alone. With the purpose of studying this property of bile, experiments were carried out both with bacterial strains from which lytic substance had never been obtained, and with strains which were known to produce bacteriophage at frequent intervals. Bile, however, did not promote formation of bacteriophage in any of these bacterial cultures. The effect of sodium oleate, sodium taurocholate, sodium ricinoleate and the sodium salts of the unsaturated acids of linseed oil on bacteriophagic action was studied with the same bacterial strains as those used in the bile experiments. Sodium oleate and sodium taurocholate did not inhibit in concentrations of 0.1 per cent and 0.4 per cent; on the other hand, sodium ricinoleate and the sodium, salts of the unsaturated linseed oil acids showed marked inhibitory properties on the bacteriophagic action.


The article presents a three-phase mathematical model of asynchronous machine with wound rotor based on differential equations. The equations are resolved with respect to the derivatives of flux linkages. The description of the computer program in the Matlab Simulink that implements the model and allows to simulate transients of the asynchronous motor is present. A simulation model of a three-phase asynchronous machine with wound rotor, which allows to investigate static and dynamic operating ranges when power converters are connected to the rotor circuit has been obtained. The results of approbation of the obtained simulation model in the Matlab Simulink environment and experimental research of asynchronous engine with wound rotor, driving into the asynchronous-valve cascade, are presented. The results of experimental studies of the asynchronous machine under sinusoidal voltage using a stand based on the asynchronous-valve cascade, and comparison of the oscillograms obtained with simulation results of the proposed model are presented. The comparison of experimental and calculated oscillograms of the current of the investigated asynchronous motor can be concluded on satisfactory accuracy of the proposed model and the possibility of its application for modeling and analysis of asynchronous electric drives.


This study tries to observehow the political relations between Panguluas an executive agency-with Maujana Nagorias a legislative agency at the level of Nagori. Precisely political relation of pangulu and Maujana in Nagori Tiga Ras, Kecamatan Dolok Pardamean, Kabupaten Sima-lungun 2008-2015 Period. It focus on discussing about what thecauses of thepower centralized in Nagori Tiga Ras.The findings of the study is there are six important things tobe themain cause of power centralizedin Nagori Tiga Ras. First, the lack of human resources; Second, the-lack of Maujana Nagori's understanding about their responsibilities; Third, the difficulty of ad-just ment to the new regulations; Forth, maujanaNagori'ssalaries is low; Fifth,the strong cul-ture of family and; Sixth, the influences feudal cultural. This research method is qualitative re-search with descriptive method, where thedescriptive researchis ameans usedtosolve theexisting problems based on facts and data available. Data collection techniques performed by the me-thod of direct interview. Keywords Political relation, Power, Centralization.


Recent research and analysis have identified several issues regarding the quality of traffic data available from Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for transportation operations, planning, or other functions. Since Federal agencies use and disseminate traffic data from state and local agencies, the quality of the data becomes even more critical. The quality of the traffic data and the information produced from the data are critical factors that affect the abilities of transportation agencies to ensure the security of transportation and the management of the nations transportation resources. The focus of data quality is on establishing a consistent methodology for ensuring that data are managed so that a measure of reliability is sustained. The primary objective of this project is to define an action plan to address traffic data quality issues. The action plan was developed based on information from published literature and discussions at two regional workshops. Ten action items were identified directed at addressing traffic data quality issues. Coordinators and work items have been suggested for the various action items. The action items represent the general consensus of the workshop participants regarding the major traffic data quality issues. Implementation of the action plan is seen as a major step towards enhancing the quality of traffic data and encouraging usage by federal, state, local agencies, and other organizations. The action plan in its current form would serve as input for a national workshop on data quality for review and adoption. This document is 164 pages and can be navigated by the hyperlinked table of contents or use of the search function to find specific authors of the white papers which simply follow one another


Aimed at providing first-class positioning, navigation, timing (PNT) services, the People's Republic of China successfully completed the commissioning of its modernised satellites with a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)-3 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite in June 2020. As of December 2020, BDS has 49 nominal satellites in a constellation of which 44 are included in the operational orbital constellation and the remaining 5 are still in-orbit validation. Currently, BDS-3 satellites broadcast Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signal frequencies (B1-C and B2a+b) with a completely unique modulation scheme to the other BDS3 modernised signals (B2a and B2b) and the legacy B1I, B2I, and B3I (BDS-2) signals. With the multi-constellation and multi-frequency BDS signals, it is imperative to establish the current performance of the BDS modernised signals. Thus, in this paper, a comprehensive investigation of BDS is undertaken in terms of multipath; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); the visible number of satellites; dilution of precision (DOP), and single point positioning (SPP). The investigation is based on 30 days datasets spanning from the day of the year (DOY) 153 to 182 in 2020 from 19 Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Experiment (MGEX) tracking stations. The experimental results show that the modernised signals have more significantly reduced multipath errors than the legacy signals. For all the broadcast signals, the SNR is noticeably at least 42 dBHz. For both BDS-2 and BDS-3, at least 8 satellites are visible in each navigation system and their fusion pegs the average number of visible satellites to 15 thereby making DOP to improve from 4.8 to 2.5 by 48%. Based on the selected stations, the SPP performance of BOC signals only is more than 3 m in all three dimensions. The SPP performance is better than 0.78m, 0.51m, and 1.74m in the north, east, and vertical components, respectively. This indicates an average improvement of about 53%, 73%, and 61% in the north, east, and vertical dimensions, respectively. Upon the inclusion of the in-orbit validation BDS satellites in the operational orbital constellation, the overall SPP accuracy is likely going to improve and further extend the GNSS performance indicators.


Until now, no evidence has been found for dark matter in particle physics experiments. The lack of any dark matter signal has put a lot of pressure on the most popular paradigms for dark matter such as the Weakly Integrating Massive Particle. Therefore, it is time to consider other dark matter candidates beyond the WIMP. We consider a simplified model where the standard model is extended with one Majorana fermion and a charged scalar coupling to the standard model leptons through a Yukawa interaction, hence a "leptophilic dark matter model". We investigate a new mechanism for dark matter production in the early universe that differs from the standard freeze-out which is relevant for the WIMP scenario. This alternative mechanism is called conversion-driven freeze-out and will reproduce the correct relic dark matter abundance if the mass-splitting between the dark matter and charged scalar and the coupling constant are sufficiently small. This regime opens a new window on dark matter phenomenology. In particular, the small coupling constant leads to a macroscopic decay length of the charged scalars giving rise to exotic signals at collider experiments like disappearing charged track or displaced leptons plus missing energy.


heart rate remained normal even after the T5 sensory level had been present for several minutes. Furthermore, the level of sensory anesthesia had not changed at the time of heart rate slowing. Therefore, it is unlikely that heart rate slowing was due to total cardiac sympathetic blockade. The abrupt onset of bradycardia following injection of fentanyl suggested a drug-induced parasympathetic effect. Reitan et noted a fairly abrupt decrease in heart rate following intravenous fentanyl in dogs and attributed this bradycardia to a drug-produced increase in vagal efferent impulses from the central nervous system. We speculate that the T5 sensory level resulted in only a partial cardiac sympathetic nerve blockade such that the heart rate remained normal. The subsequent injection of fentanyl abruptly increased the ratio of parasympathetic to sympathetic tone resulting in sinus bradycardia. In conclusion, caution should be exercised when administering a vagomimetic drug like fentanyl during a high sympathetic block produced by subarachnoid anesthesia. John C. Hilgenberg, MD Assistant Professor


1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope 3 2.0 Organization and Responsibilities 3 2.1 Organizational Chart 3 2.2 Responsibilities 5 2.3 References Used for the Organization and Responsibilities Section 7 3.0 Program and Project Planning 7 3.1 Project Proposals 7 3.2 Project Review 8 3.2.1 Review Schedules 8 3.2.2 Review Documentation 9 3.3 References Used in the Program and Project Planning Section 9 4.0 Water-Quality Laboratories 9 4.1 Selection and Use of an Analytical Laboratory 10 4.1.1 Selection 10 4.1.2 Requirements for Use 10 4.2 Laboratories Used by the North Florida Program Office 11 4.3 Documentation for Laboratories Used by the North Florida Program Office 12 4.3.1 National Water-Quality Laboratory 12 4.3.2 Ocala Water-Quality Service Unit, Ocala, Florida 13 4.4 References Used for the Water-Quality Laboratories Section 14 5.0 Field Service Units, Laboratories and Field Vehicles 14 5.1 Field Service Units and Laboratories 14 5.1.1 Facility 14 5.1.2 Procedures 15 5.1.3 Equipment and Supplies 16 5.2 Water-Quality Field Vehicles 17 5.3 References Used for the Field Service Units, Laboratories and Field Vehicles 17 6.0 Water-Quality Instruments 18 6.1 References Used for the Water-Quality Instruments Section 19 7.0 Site Selection and Documentation 20 7.1 Site Selection 20 7.1.1 Surface Water 20 7.1.2 Ground Water 20 7.1.3 Other Sites 20 7.2 Site Documentation 21 7.2.1 Surface Water 21 7.2.2 Ground Water 21 7.2.3 Other Sites 23 7.3 References Used for the Site-Selection and Documentation Section 23 8.0 Sample Collection and Processing 23 8.1 Constituents in Water 24 8.1.1 Field Measurements 24 8.1.2 Cleaning of Sampling and Processing Equipment 27 8.1.3 Surface-Water Sampling 27 184.108.40.206 Equipment Selection 28 188.8.131.52 Sample Collection 28 8.1.4 Ground-Water Sampling 28 18.104.22.168 Equipment Selection 29 126.96.36.199 Sample Collection 29 8.1.5 Precipitation Sampling 29


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We developed a multilevel hierarchical statistical model which describes the association of prophylactic interventions to patient PONV risk, and provides an intuitive summary for anesthesiologists to understand how well they are adhering to PONV guidelines. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Accepted PONV risk factors as well as preventative interventions to reduce the PONV risk, (e.g. total intravenous anesthesia or pharmacological prophylaxis) are retrieved from the electronic medical record (EMR). Risk is regressed against interventions. Fig 1, Panel A visualizes adherence for an individual provider by plotting anesthesia cases, with PONV risk in the x-axis and the number of interventions in the y-axis. Fig 1, Panel B shows a "Jitterplot", jittering individual cases, which would otherwise plot onto the same coordinates (Panel A). The distribution of the number of interventions in each risk category is better summarized in Fig 1 Panel C by overlaying a violin plot onto the "Jitterplot". Finally, a fitted regression line provides a summary measure for the individual provider's risk-adjusted utilization of PONV prophylaxis in Fig 1, Panel D. The model can control for confounders and interactions, such as patient or procedure characteristics, such as supervision by attending physicians, institutional culture, and surgical procedure. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Fig. 2, Panel A demonstrates good adherence. The provider responded to increased risk with additional interventions leading to a steep regression line. Less discriminate administration of prophylaxis is shown in Fig 2, Panel B. The graphical representation of our proposed measure of individual provider performance is intuitive, allowing us to compare adherence of two distinct groups of providers (light lines) and institutional averages (dark lines) as shown in Fig 2, Panel C. Controlling for known risk factors and potential confounders renders the assessment irrepudiable. The rigorous statistical approach allows for multi-level modeling and comparative effectiveness research, realistically evaluating process changes and interventions like CDS in the hierarchical structure of contemporary healthcare delivery. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The strength of our novel measure of individual provider performance is its generalizability to other care settings, as well as the intuitive graphical representation of risk-adjusted individual performance. However, accuracy, precision and validity, sensitivity to system perturbations (like the implementation of CDS), and acceptance among providers remain to be evaluated. Fig 1. Risk-Adjusted Utilization of Antiemetic Prophylaxis Fig 2. Comparing Performance between Provider Groups


Two methods for estimating the number and biomass of hazel leaves were compared within the framework of an IBP/PT project. The first method estimates the number and biomass of leaves when the leaves are fully developed. The second method involves collecting falling leaves in litter traps during summer and autumn. Simple random sampling was used in both methods to estimate the number of leaves, two-stage sampling to estimate the dry weight. A condition for comparison of the two methods was that they could be assumed to estimate the same population value. This assumption was made as regards the number of leaves in three of four plots. The second method was found to be more effective, i.e. gave the least variance in relation to the time input.


The associations among sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption (water, milk, juice and soft drinks) with regards to body mass in Hispanics in rural areas are not well examined. Surveys collected self‐reported data on daily beverage consumption and related to direct measures of BMI from non‐Hispanic white (312 males, 301 females) and Hispanic (671 males, 610 females) adolescents (13– 17 years old.) On average, 49% of overweight and obese adolescents, regardless of race and gender, drank more water than their normal weight counterparts. 61% of normal weight non‐ Hispanic white females reported consuming more soft drinks per day than their obese and overweight counterparts regardless of race. Furthermore, 46% of normal weight and overweight Hispanic males drank more juice per day than white males. The lack of higher SSB consumption in overweight and obese adolescents suggests that either SSB consumption is not a principal cause of their increased weight or that most of these adolescents are beginning to reduce their intake to address their weight issues. The higher SSB consumption in normal weight females is alarming because we have reported reduced physical activity levels in this group, and thus, suggests that this group is susceptible to weight gain and increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population of adolescents, further burdening the epidemic that plagues the United States.


Disasters as a fact that is forced to live and fight together, to play an important role throughout the known history of mankind. As known that, mechanisms of natural disasters can not be stopped. Therefore, struggle toward the effects of natural disasters has a vital importance. During the study, the areal distributions of natural events that achieved natural disasters level have been investigated at Cankiri province between 1950 and 2010. Natural disasters that are occurred within Cankiri province borders are classified by district-based into four different groups depending on hierarchical clustering analysis. Across the province, district – based density map is created with the distribution of digitizing. As a result of study, from the first group to fourth group, number of natural events that achieved disaster level is increased. This study, which on the scale of Cankiri province, aimed to make a contribution for contemporary urban planning studies.


This paper presents a novel dynamic Jellyfish Search Algorithm using a Simulated Annealing and disruption operator, called DJSD. The developed DJSD method incorporates the Simulated Annealing operators into the conventional Jellyfish Search Algorithm in the exploration stage, in a competitive manner, to enhance its ability to discover more feasible regions. This combination is performed dynamically using a fluctuating parameter that represents the characteristics of a hammer. The disruption operator is employed in the exploitation stage to boost the diversity of the candidate solutions throughout the optimization operation and avert the local optima problem. A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted using thirty classical benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DJSD method. The results are compared with advanced well-known metaheuristic approaches. The findings illustrated that the developed DJSD method achieved promising results, discovered new search regions, and found new best solutions. In addition, to further validate the performance of DJSD in solving real-world applications, experiments were conducted to tackle the task scheduling problem in cloud computing applications. The real-world application results demonstrated that DJSD is highly competent in dealing with challenging real applications. Moreover, it achieved gained high performances compared to other competitors according to several standard evaluation measures, including fitness function, makespan, and energy consumption.


The tectic of financial reform comprises limiting financial category,affirming financial standing and dealing with five relationships.The orientation of financial reform comprises setting up financial taxation system,public budget system,managing-budget system of state property,financial investing and making system,and social supervising system.


This chapter considers the effects of digital disruption on the recognition and enforcement of fundamental human rights. It maps three overlapping and mutually reinforcing sets of trends. First, traditional mechanisms for defining and enforcing human rights have begun to unravel, and that process has created points of entry for new discourses and practices organized around managerial and technical expertise and optimistic notions of corporate social responsibility. Second, strategies for bottom-up cultural and political production have enabled powerful new forms of resistance but have been far less successful at underwriting new institutional forms dedicated to ensuring more widespread protections for all people. In particular, platform-based, massively intermediated media infrastructures both facilitate and co-opt bottom-up cultural and political production and amplify both benevolence and malevolence. Third, other emergent discourses about the nature and importance of fundamental rights reinforce the normative authority of powerful, nonhuman actors.


Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare disease marked by an obscure, likely heterogeneous etiology. Suspected triggers include infections, hereditary factors, as well as hypersensitivity reactions [1]. Granulomatous cheilitis may appear as an isolated finding (Miescher's cheilitis) or as part of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) characterized by a typical triad of symptoms (initially reversible, later persistent orofacial swelling; facial paralysis; and fissured tongue). The occurrence of all three components is rare; monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic presentations are far more common [2]. Moreover, granulomatous cheilitis may be the oral manifestation of an underlying systemic disease (Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis), particularly in association with inflammatory bowel disease [3]. The diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis is based on the histological finding of noncaseating granulomas. Close association with Crohn's disease is well known, especially in children. Chronic bowel disease, concurring or developing over the course of the disease, is reported in up to 50% of cases [1]. Nonspecific signs of extraintestinal Crohn's disease such as mucogingivitis, cobblestone-like mucosa, and lip swelling with vertical fissures or deep linear ulcers precede the intestinal symptoms in about one-third of affected patients [4, 5]. In May 2012, a 9-year-old boy with a several-week history of cheilitis with mucosal, aphthous lesions, and angular cheilitis was referred to us (from the pediatrics department) for a consult (Figure 1). Physical examination also showed nummular eczema lesions, primarily on the trunk. The child was otherwise healthy. Neither the patient's history nor his family history suggested a systemic disease or an atopic predisposition. Laboratory tests revealed an IgE level of 40 U/mL; antinuclear antibodies (ANA), endomysial antibodies (EMA), infectious disease serology, and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT®) were all unremarkable. Normal ACE levels (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and a chest X-ray, showing no lymphadenopathy or reduction in transparency of lung tissue, ruled out sarcoidosis. Patch testing (standard allergens, 5 % benzoic acid, 1 % cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon) and prick testing excluded contact sensitization as a possible cause of granulomatous cheilitis. Abdominal ultrasound showed age-appropriate findings. A stool guaiac test and stool cultures were unremarkable. In the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, gastroscopy and colonoscopy were initially omitted. A deep biopsy of the labial mucosa eventually provided histological evidence of granulomatous cheilitis (Figure 2). Treatment with minocycline (50 mg twice every day) for four weeks was only moderately successful, prompting a switch in therapy. Systemic corticosteroid therapy with prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg) was initiated. After one week, the dose was gradually tapered by 25 % every other week. At the same time, treatment with hydroxychloroquine (5 mg/ kg) was started. Due to only moderate therapeutic success and despite the lack of evidence of an underlying gastrointestinal disorder,


This work models phone call durations via switching Poisson point processes. This kind of processes is composed by two intertwined intensity functions: one models the start of a call, whereas the other one models when the call ends. Thus, the call duration is obtained from the inverse of the intensity function of finishing a call. Additionally, to model the circadian rhythm present in human behavior, we shall use a (pos-itive) truncated Fourier series as the parametric form of the intensities. Finally, the maximum likelihood estimates of the intensity functions are obtained using a trust region method and the performance is evaluated on synthetic and real data, showing good results.


The production decisions of food suppliers have played a decisive role in the quality and safety level of the product.The models are built to analyze the decision on the quality and safety level made by a single supplier,and two suppliers at the same time and in accordance with the order importantly.The main conclusions show that the market regulation environment,the price sensitivity to the quality and safety,and the price sensitivity to normative quality and safety have a direct effect on the quality and safety level,the price and the profit of suppliers.When high and low quality and safety level is decided by two suppliers,the quality and safety level is lower than the normative quality and safety level supplied by a single supplier.Accordingly,the countermeasures are proposed for the improvement of food safety in China.


Growth of Azadirachta indica, shaded by Prosopis juliflora in the Maracaibo plain, Zulia State, was evaluated. The investigation was undertaken at the University of Zulia, in an area of very dry tropical forest. A 0.35 ha plot was used to determine the height, dry biomass, and number of plants. A total of 1,481 individuals were counted and grouped into three categories, according to mean height (28.8, 77.3, and 136.5 cm) and mean dry biomass (1.45, 49.0 and 197.1 g). These results suggest that microclimatic conditions produced by shade favor development of Neem. Further studies dealing with colonization, dispersion and establishment of this species in the Maracaibo plain are recommended.


: Soybean DAS-8419-2 × DAS-44406-6 was developed to provide protection against certain lepidopteran pests and tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and other related phenoxy herbicides, and glyphosate- and glufosinate ammonium-containing herbicides. The Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Panel previously assessed the two single soybean events and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single soybean events, leading to modification of the original conclusions on their safety have been identified. The molecular characterisation, comparative analysis (agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics) and the outcome of the toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional assessment indicate that the combination of the single soybean events and of the newly expressed proteins in the two-event Abstract Soybean DAS – 8419 – 2 9 DAS – 44406 – 6 was developed to provide protection against certain lepidopteran pests and tolerance to 2,4 – dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and other related phenoxy herbicides, and glyphosate- and glufosinate ammonium-containing herbicides. The Genetically Modi fi ed Organisms (GMO) Panel previously assessed the two single soybean events and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single soybean events, leading to modi fi cation of the original conclusions on their safety have been identi fi ed. The molecular characterisation, comparative analysis (agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics) and the outcome of the toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional assessment indicate that the combination of the single soybean events and of the newly expressed proteins in the two-event stack soybean does not give rise to food and feed safety and nutritional concerns. In the case of accidental release of viable DAS – 8419 – 2 9 DAS – 44406 – 6 seeds into the environment, soybean DAS – 8419 – 2 9 DAS – 44406 – 6 would not raise environmental safety concerns. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS – 8419 – 2 9 DAS – 44406 – 6. In conclusion, the GMO Panel considers that soybean DAS – 8419 – 2 9 DAS – 44406 – 6, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the non-genetically modi fi ed soybean reference varieties tested with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.


The commentary of Benedict XII (Jacques Fournier), Avignon's cistercian pope, on Matthew's Gospel was partially edited in the xviith century by dominicans who attributed it to Benedict XI. We therefore have an edition of treaties 28 to 50 on the Sermon on the Mountain (which, moreover, are available online). Based on a reading of the first two treaties, the present article examines the cistercian pope's unique exegetical considerations, dwelling especially on his presentation of Christ's ethics. This leads indeed to the monk's reflection upon the beatitudes, the first of which he draws upon to deliver an original and thorough lesson on humility. This key virtue of christian socratism, best exemplified in Bernard, provides a starting point for a specifically cistercian practical philosophy. Avignon's pope proves to be, in this respect, a faithful disciple of Clairvaux' abbot.


This study deals with the numerical modeling and hydrodynamic analysis of an offshore bridge superstructure. A scaled numerical model is established and numerical analysis with a focus on hydrodynamics is conducted. The numerical model and methods are validated by the comparisons of the model tests in various conditions. Second-order wave loads on the superstructure of the offshore bridge in different motion directions are calculated, and they are compared with the first-order wave loads to quantify the effects of the second-order wave loads. Then, a full-scale numerical model of the offshore bridge substructure is established; the hydrodynamic analysis of the full-scale numerical model is performed. In addition, the experimental results of the full-scale model are estimated based on the model similarity law and model test results of the scaled model. The numerical results calculated based on the two methods for the full-scale model are comprehensively compared in different load cases. The results and findings of this work greatly facilitates the design and numerical analysis of offshore bridge superstructures.


Introduction: Due to widespread inflammatory processes, often accompanied by pain and fever syndromes, NSAIDs are now the most prescribed drug group in the world. NSAIDs are characterized by taking a leading position in the number and severity of adverse actions. In recent decades, the efforts of scientists have been aimed at seaching for adequate ways to increase the safety profile of NSAIDs. Materials and methods: In a series of experiments, the main objects of research were derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide – new tetrahydropyridones under laboratory codes TD 0364, TD 0353, TD 0351, CV 036, as well as hexahydroquinolines CV 125 and OCO 5184. One promising area for searching for effective and safe pharmacological agents is some derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide (CAS Number: 7357-70-2). The trigeminal orofacial pain test and the thermal tail immersion test were used to assess the analgesic effect. Determination of antipyretic activity was carried out on the yeast-fever model. To study an anti-inflammatory activity, the method of subacute non-infectious parotitis was used. Results and discussion: The results of the experiment made it possible to find among the new samples of tetrahydropyridones and hexahydroquinolines the compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, which, in terms of these types of activities in dynamics, surpass the reference (paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and ketorolac). It is important that these compounds have low acute toxicity. Conclusion: The consequence of the above is the necessity of further preclinical and clinical studies of samples of α-cyanothioacetamide derivatives in order to create new promising highly effective and safe drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.


The helix-shaped, fungal pigment phleichrome has been isomerized to isophleichrome. The axial chirality and absolute configuration of the side-chain carbons of both perylenequinones have been established. Photo-oxidation of both compounds occurs stereospecifically to give their endoperoxides, whose structure and stereochemistry results from a detailed analysis of their n.m.r. spectra.


Assessment is the process of testing learners' skills and knowledge. Free-text response items are well suited for the assessment of learners' active knowledge and writing skills. However, the automatic assessment of respective responses is not trivial and requires the application of natural language processing. Accordingly, the automatic assessment of free-text responses is a widely researched topic in educational natural language processing. Most past work targets holistic scoring, the process of assigning overall scores or grades to responses. This is problematic in formative scenarios because learners require feedback rather than summative scores in such scenarios. Such feedback ideally targets specific aspects of responses, and, accordingly, automated systems which only predict holistic scores cannot be used as a basis for providing the same. What is instead needed are systems which implement analytic scoring approaches. Analytic scoring targets specific aspects of responses and scores them according to corresponding criteria. This requires different systems than addressed by the broad research on automated holistic scoring. In my PhD work which is outlined by this paper, I want to explore approaches for implementing analytic scoring systems by means of state-of-the-art natural language processing. These systems are targeted at providing a basis for feedback generation.


This report is one of the partial studies within the framework of the long-term research programme 'Sustainably-safe road surroundings and traffic behaviour'. This study investigated whether, and in which way, an 'extra sober' variant of carriageway separation affects driving behaviour. To do this, double broken axis lines and broken edge markings were introduced along a section of the provincial N375 road between Pesse and Meppel in (the province of) Drenthe. For this study, data about a number of behaviour aspects of road users was gathered, before as well as after the changes. The control section was another section of the N375. The lines along the experimental section before the changes, as well as those along the control section, consisted of a single broken axis line and continuous edge markings. Data was gathered to investigate whether the intended and/or unintended effects occurred, using video observations. The following behaviour was observed: the average speed, the speed distribution around this average, the number of exceeders of the 80 km/h speed limit on the N375, their position on the road, the number of overtaking manoeuvres, and the average headway times. The extra sober sustainably-safe design only had a clearly positive effect on the number of overtaking manoeuvres. This report may be accessed by Internet users at: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/ R-2003-21.pdf


Topics for the 1997 conference on modelling and simulation technologies included: motion systems; rotor-craft and air cushion vehicle dynamics and modelling; pilot training and low-cost simulation; weapons and engagement modelling and simulation; simulator network and information technologies; visual, radarf and environmental modelling and simulation; test and evaluation; space systems; simulator fidelity; aircraft dynamics, modelling and performance; simulator development and software re-use; human factors; and research and test facilities.


The territory of the Republic of the North Caucasus has natural resources in the form of rich mixed grasslands located in mountainous areas. This natural resource is not fully used, especially for dairy farming. The technical means of the livestock production process produced by domestic manufacturers are not intended for milking in mountain conditions. In addition, due to the lack of infrastructure in the mountainous areas of pasture location, the organization of the production process is associated with difficulties in energy supply and transport. A developed technological process for the production of cow's milk in mountainous conditions of management by the distant method of keeping the herd in a closed cycle is proposed. The production line includes milking machines for mountain conditions, individual means of collecting manure, means of energy supply using non-traditional energy sources, utilization of production wastes in the form of methane and organic fertilizers introduced into the soil of pastures, agricultural land of the farm and the sale of surplus to third-party farms. The technical equipment passed state tests and confirmed the output results in the production process. The introduction of the proposed technology of dairy farming in mountainous farming conditions will significantly improve the profitability of farmers in the region.


The study was conducted to determine the struggles of senior citizen teachers during the S.Y. 2021 - 2022. The descriptive qualitative method as research design was used and an in-depth interview was utilized in data collection. The study reveals that majority of the respondents have no choice but to keep up with the use of technology in their teaching so that they will not be left behind. It this time of digital world we are now living in, it is important to use and integrate technology in teaching to catch the attention of the learners who are now called digitally natives. Research shows that integrating technology in the teaching-learning process will benefit learners and they will easily understand their lesson with the use of video lessons. The more senses they use, the better the comprehension and retention of their lessons. It will also lessen the time and effort of teachers in making instructional materials and it will make the discussion livelier. There are also advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of technology inside the classroom. It has also its limits. Some identified struggles of senior citizen teachers were namely; lack of available gadgets, poor internet connection, sudden power interruption and lack of basic knowledge of the older teachers in the operation of such modern gadgets. But luckily enough, they have their supportive co-teachers and family members around them who are willing to assist them.


Abstract Given the importance of the environment for the development of the theory of mind (ToM) in childhood, as well as the scarcity of studies in low-income Latin American countries, we aimed to investigate the relation between family environment characteristics and performance in ToM tasks in a group of Brazilian children. A total of 49 children participated, whose ages ranged between 3 and 5 years (M = 4.43; SD = 0.71), all of whom attended a public kindergarten school located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and took the Theory of mind test for children (TMTC). The observation of the characteristics of the family environment was conducted by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) instrument in the very home setting of each participating child. By controlling the effects of children's age, intelligence, vocabulary, and mother's and father's educational level, a consistent positive, significant, and low-magnitude correlation was found between HOME's Responsiveness subscale with the total score in TMTC. A robust regression analysis also showed that individual and contextual variables (above cited, plus sex) and Responsiveness accounted for 28.4% of ToM variance. This study corroborates previous findings on the relation between family aspects and ToM, specifically highlighting parents' responsiveness.


This month has a theme of health economics with contributions from academics in the region, and in addition features the new health profiles, swine flu, prostate cancer, unemployment, and more.


We propose an intelligent judgment system to determine the exact timing for overtaking another car in simulated dynamic circumstances by motion detection and feature analysis in subsequent images based on digital image processing in this paper. The strategic methodology in detection of motion vectors extracted from the source video file can effectively evaluate and predict the behavior of surrounding vehicles and at the same time give an appropriate suggestion whether the driver could overtake another car, which is not only different from the traditional methods in computational feature-only analysis for some specific static image but also provides an innovative idea among the related applications of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Our system makes use of the video-typed files recorded from the rear-view mirror in the vehicle that should be obtained from the digital image capturing devices. It also constantly reevaluates the information of motion vectors in surrounding environments to update the useful information between the driver's vehicle and background. In order to tackle the problem of real-time processing, this paper simplifies the processes of feature selection and analysis for video processing in particular. The crucial features used to give dynamic information, motion vectors, can be obtained from defined consecutive images. We define a variable number of images according to the extent of motion variation in different real-time situations. Our dynamic features are composed of geometrical and statistical characteristics from each processed image in the defined duration. Our scheme can identify the difference between the background and object of interest, which also reveals the dynamic information of the determined number of images extracted from the whole video file. Our experimental results show that the proposed features can give the useful information in a given traffic condition, such as the locations of surrounding vehicles, and the way of vehicles' moving. The real-time problems of ITS are taken into consideration in this paper and the developed feature series are flexible to the changes of occasions. More useful features in dynamic environments as well as our feature series will be applied in our systematical mechanisms, and the improvement on real-time problems by motion vectors should be progressively made in the near future.© 2009 ASME


Advances in psychiatry and new attitudes of society toward the mentally ill have been instrumental in the transformation of the mental hospital from an asylum for deviants into an active therapeutic center for mental illnesses. Also a new approach has crystallized towards the geriatric group who until recently were placed indiscriminantly in mental hospitals.


The rapid growth of today's construction sector requires high amount of building materials. Bricks, known to have solid properties and easy to handle, which leads to the variety of materials added or replaced in its mixture. In this study, high density polyethylene (HDPE) was selected as the substitute materials in the making of bricks. The reason behind the use of HDPE is because of its recyclable properties and the recycling process that do not emit hazardous gases to the atmosphere. Other than that, the use of HDPE will help reducing the source of pollution by avoiding the millions of accumulated plastic waste in the disposal sites. Furthermore, the material has high endurance level and is weatherproof. This study was carried out on experimenting the substitute materials in the mixture of cement bricks, a component of building materials which is normally manufactured using the mixture of cement, sand and water, following a certain ratios, and left dried to produce blocks of bricks. A series of three different percentages of HDPE were used, which were 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5%. Tests were done on the bricks, to study its compressive strength and the initial water absorption rate. Both tests were conducted on the seventh and 28th day. Based on the results acquired, for compressive strength tests on the 28th day, the use of 2.5% of HDPE shown values of 12.6 N/mm2 while the use of 3.0% of HDPE shown values of 12.5 N/mm2. Onto the next percentage, 3.5% of HDPE shown values of 12.5 N/mm2.


To what extent can PSM be considered a characteristic that evolves in the course of the individual's working life? After offering this question as a contribution to a research agenda on PSM, the article examines in what way the different dimensions of PSM, held by a group of employees in the Italian Revenue Agency, relate to their perceptions of recent changes in working conditions. It also explores the relationship between perception of change, PSM dimensions and job satisfaction, work motivation and organizational commitment. Out of the web of interactions that tie together these variables some support is found for the argument that there is a relationship between some PSM dimensions and changes in the work environment. It is suggested, however, that the question raised, besides needing further studies, could be much better researched with a longitudinal study of a cohort of individuals.


The effects of ibuprofen on bioavailability of ciprofloxacin were studied in rabbits. Animals were divided into three groups ; group A received...


The governance of value chains is a crucial element for efficiency and distributional effects. In this paper, we use a conceptual model to show that this governance itself is endogenous in an environment of weak contract enforcement and imperfect markets, and importantly depends on the value in the chain. We relate the predictions of the theory to empirical evidence on differences in supply chain governance in developing countries across different commodity types. In doing so we offer an explanation as why private sector governance systems with interlinked market transactions have emerged for higher value crops but not for staple food crops. We discuss the efficiency and equity effects and the implications for policy. The authors thank participants at a seminar at FAO for useful comments on the paper.


Recently, considerable attention has been dedicated to ascertaining the best approach to perform radon testing in large, nonresidential buildings. From 1988 to 1995, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) performed radon testing studies within large buildings to collect data sufficient to perform statistical analysis on radon distribution within large buildings. Briefly, the protocol entailed the sampling of 100% of all ground-contact rooms, pipe chases, elevator shafts, and stairwells of a large building. From 1991 through 1995, ORNL has collected more than 40,000 large building measurements in radon priority areas. The building ground-contact areas range from 1K ft{sup 2} to 1,000K ft{sup 2}. Overall, the presence of elevated radon within rooms of large buildings was found to be a random, nonstatistical distribution. Therefore, all rooms within large buildings must be tested in order to determine whether elevated radon is present.


Identifying household-level welfare dynamics and associated dynamic poverty trap thresholds can have important implications for the targeting of poverty reduction policies. The small existing empirical microeconomic literature has found evidence both for and against poverty traps. Using household panel data from rural Pakistan and Ethiopia, this article examines whether these different results are likely driven by differences in estimation methods or whether they reflect actual differences across settings. It applies the estimation methods from the existing literature to the same two datasets and also proposes a novel semiparametric panel data estimator that combines the advantages of the previous fully parametric and nonparametric approaches. The results suggest that absent any dynamic poverty trap thresholds the effect of using different estimation methods is secondary, having a small influence on the estimated long-term level of household well-being but not the identification of multiple dynamic welfare equilibria and associated dynamic poverty thresholds. Households in rural Pakistan and Ethiopia seem to be stuck in a static, structural-type poverty trap facing an expected level of long-term well-being that places them squarely in poverty.


Sentiment analysis (SA) is a greater part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the research field. Previously a lot of work was done by SA in various languages. Most of the work was done in the English language. A little work was done in the Bengali language and it's increasing day by day. Nowadays, Bangla News comments are very demanding for research work in the Bangla language. The procedures of text categorization, classifying, and different techniques for extracting features in textual information were discussed in this paper. Some Bangla newspaper dataset is currently available in online platforms. This research study has analyzed Bangla news comments sentiment using a hybrid approach and a pre-trained deep learning classifier. The proposed hybrid model utilizes an optimizer function "Adam" along with a word embedding "Glove". The dataset utilized in the proposed model is collected from online platform Kaggle, the largest data science forum on the world. This dataset contains 13802 data. Using five different classes to our dataset. For building a model, this research study has applied preprocessing techniques, which makes a significant contribution in cleaning our dataset. This leads to get a well formed dataset. The proposed hybrid model has been combined with two familiar deep learning methods, namely BiLSTM and CNN. By comparing these two methods, the proposed hybrid model has gained better accuracy than the FastText model. The accuracy of hybrid model is about 89.89%.


Humans are hunters and love the chase-they hunt for food, they hunt for bugs in software. In the last decade, testing research has gone deeper and broader to help with the challenging task of catching bugs. Much of the literature approaches the problem from a theoretical-technical perspective and is often oriented to automated solutions. Yet, there is a gap between industry testing problems and research testing solutions. We take a different perspective and consider the human component as a major part of the solution for practical testing problems. Many of these human-related issues are reported in academic surveys of practitioners. We highlight the importance of human factors in testing by introducing a hunting metaphor. We also bring attention to evidence on cognitive support demands in unit test practices. An initial framework is proposed as an effort to bring understanding of cognitive support demands, and provides direction for further research on unit testing tools which support tester skill improvement.


The invention relates to a device (1) of fluid treatment, comprising at least one flow channel (5) extending longitudinally between at least one inlet (3) of fluid to be purified (30) and at least one outlet (4) for purified fluid, remarkable in that the surface of the cross section of said channel (5) flow increases between the inlet (3) of fluid to be purified and the outlet (4) for purified fluid, and in that it further comprises at least one outlet (8) of the side elements (7) comprising at least one means (81, 82, 83) for taking transversely disposed within said channel (5) flow.


ABSTRACTThis paper presents a method to decompose three dimensional complex parts into readily available stock material to take advantage of advanced joining to build up a rigid assembly. The method generates many alternative assemblies by decomposing the solid geometry iteratively with cutting planes. Each assembly is then evaluated based on cost. The process continues until the developed search algorithm converges on a near optimal solution. Application of this method will reduce material waste, thus reducing per part processing time, energy consumption, and associated production costs. Example parts for a variety of metals show how the computational tool finds near optimal solutions for complex three dimensional solids.


One embodiment of the present invention provides a time-to-digital (TDC) converter, comprising: a means for receiving a start signal and a stop signal; a means for generating n number of first delayed start signals (where n is an integer of 2 or more) in 1 time unit increments of delayed start signals; a means for generating a first delayed start signal and an output byte according to the logic level of the stop signal; a coarse TDC which generates a second delayed start signal, which is 1 delayed start signal selected from among the first delayed start signals, that has been shortened to less than the 1 time unit increment; a means for receiving the second delayed start signal generated by the coarse TDC and the stop signal; and a fine TDC for measuring the time difference between the second delayed start signal and the stop signal as a second time unit. According to the present invention, linearity and reliability can be improved by extending the measurement range of a fine time-to-digital converter and ensuring fast operation speed and high accuracy.


This paper explores the use of a mediated field experience (MFE) for teacher candidates in a middle school setting, a small laboratory school This work focuses on adjustments made for the MFE to function in an online environment during remote instruction caused by a worldwide pandemic Teacher candidates completed a learning cycle focused on experiencing mathematics as a learner, planning for mathematics instruction, implementing mathematics instruction, and analyzing teaching episodes alongside a mathematics teacher who is also the mathematics teacher educator for a methods course Teacher candidates reflected on this experience positively, noting the benefits of learning how to teach effectively online in a safe and supportive environment This paper will share the highlights and challenges for the mathematics teacher educator regarding the shifting of pedagogy to meet the current educational climate


Bringing together the latest work on the Mesolithic in Scotland and Northern England, this is a fundamental re-assessment of early prehistory from the key researchers in the area. Based firmly on archaeological evidence from recent excavations, this important book also includes work on the environmental background.


Neck circumference refers to the perimeter of neck at laryngeal prominece level,which can reflect the subcutaneous fat distribution in the upper body as a relatively new evaluation index of obesity. The neck circumference and obesity,dyslipidemia,hypertension,insulin resistance and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome are closely related,thus can be used as a screening index of metabolic syndrome( MS).Neck circumference is easy to measure,and the result is stable and reliable,therefore is the best indicator of metabolic syndrome.