Radio frequency interference (RFI) can severely degrade the image quality for synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Traditional sparse recovery-based RFI suppression methods construct a joint dictionary to represent both the time-domain RFI and the useful target echo (UTE), thus, transforming the task of RFI suppression into a signal recovery problem. However, these methods generally have poor performance when the one-dimensional (1-D) range profiles are nonsparse. To overcome this problem, two RFI suppression algorithms are proposed based on a modified block sparse Bayesian learning (BSBL). In the first algorithm, the vector to be recovered is divided into several blocks of identical size. The Bayesian hyper-parameters corresponding to the RFI and UTE are learned separately by exploiting the temporal intrablock correlation, and then the nonsparse vector can be successfully recovered. In the second algorithm, the dictionary is adaptively tuned during the iteration process of BSBL, thus reducing the computational load. After recovering the UTE, a well-focused 2-D image can be obtained by traditional SAR imaging algorithms. With the use of properties of both the RFI and UTE, and by exploiting the intrablock correlation, the proposed RFI suppression methods outperform other sparse recovery methods, especially when the range profile is nonsparse. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithms.


The new complex, [K2(TNR)(H2O)]n, was prepared by reacting 2,4,6 trinitroresorcinol with potassium hyd roxide. Its crystal structure was determined by X ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The crystalline belongs to triclinic with space group .Its unit cell parameters are as follows:a=0.6993(1)nm, b=0.9474(2)nm, c=0.9791(1)nm, α=115.28(1)°, β=107.86(1)°, γ=95.94(1)°, V=0.53717(15)nm3, Z=2, Dc=2.098g ·cm-3, F(000)=340. The two potassium ions have different coordination numbers of which are 8 and 9, respectively. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the complex was studied by using DSC, TG GTG and FT IR techniques. The existence of KNC in the residue is shown in FT IR. CCDC: 204441.


Patients who present with a first episode of psychosis pose many challenges to psychiatry. While some morbidity from schizophrenia is probably not modifiable once acute psychosis has occurred, the best management of this stage of illness nevertheless holds the promise of improving long-term outcomes. We review the clinical literature on first-episode psychosis to derive clinical guidance with regard to timely diagnosis and optimal pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. We describe the illness course and the prognosis for this acute phase of illness and the immediate, postpsychotic period.


. This study was conceived to examine the relationship between attitudes of primary school pupils with hearing impairment toward the study of visual art and school refusal tendencies in Calabar Education Zone. To achieve the purpose of the research, two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literature was reviewed according to the variables. The correlation research design was adopted to execute the study. This design was chosen because it sought to establish the relationship between attitudes of primary school pupils with hearing impairment toward the study of visual art and school refusal tendencies among school age children in Calabar Education Zone. The population consisted of primary school children with hearing impairment. A sample size of One Hundred and Forty (140) pupils was randomly drawn from twenty inclusive education primary schools in the zone. A four point Likert-like questionnaire scale was used by the teachers to rate the pupils in order to extract information from the subjects under study. The instruments were validated by experts in research and special education. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through test re-test split half method and the reliability index was found to be high. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The result of the analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between pupils' interest and classroom participation in visual art and school refusal tendencies among school age children with hearing impairment. Based on the result obtained, conclusion was drawn and recommendations made.


Design principles for rapid transit stations and off-peak transit ridership as a function of personal security are discussed. A survey was conducted at two rapid transit stations in Cleveland, Ohio, for the purpose of determining user attitudes toward personal security and developing station design principles based on the findings. The major finding is that a "critical mass" of station patronage seems to be required before people feel secure in rapid transit stations. People avoid underused stations (which exacerbates the problem of poor patronage) and avoid riding in off-peak time periods at all stations. In both cases, survey respondents stated that they feel vulnerable in a transit station when there are few people around. Ironically, poor station patronage, which is considered to be a security problem, is largely a marketing problem, and improving off·peak ridership, which is generally considered a marketing problem, is largely a security problem. People provide the best security. It is concluded that, although traditional security measures such as good lighting, well marked stations, and security patrols are beneficial, improved security and improved transit marketing are closely associated and should be considered together in transit planning.


Case grammar, mainly aimed at the analysis of sentence semantics, takes the integrated description of syntax and semantics as its guiding principle, making it beneficial to the exploration of issues related to semantic formalization of sentence. Attacking the problem from proposition and modality,the present paper gives a detailed analysis of the case system, verb features, and the modal classifications. In addition, it provides some case studies.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the small fiber function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of the early stage by measuring the sensory threshold with the quantitative temperature testing technology.

METHODS
Twenty cases of patients with type 2 diabetes with no neurological deficit (DM group) and twenty age and sex-matched healthy controls underwent the detecting of cold sensory threshold (CST), warm sensory threshold (WST), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT) in both inside of their hands.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference in CST, WST, CPT and HPT between left and right inside of hand of the same sample among all the testers. But the four kinds of threshold showed significant difference in the right inside of hand between patients and healthy people ( P < 0.05). In addition, the CST and WST differed significantly in the left inside of hand between the patients and healthy controls while the CPT and HPT showed no significant difference in the left inside of hand between them. Patients group and control group with CST and WST on the left side of the comparison difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Quantitative analysis of temperature sense threshold can not only reflect increase of the pain threshold value, also can reflect its decrease, i. e. hyperalgesia, which may help to diagnose small fibrous peripheral neuropathy recognition, especially in early diabetic peripheral neuropathy.


Purpose: To compare measurements of axial length obtained with A-scan and IOL Master. The study was design to collect the axial length values resulting from the application of both methods on the same eye (R.E.) and then to compare them.
Methodology Place and Duration of Study: 50 healthy patients selected randomly after visiting the clinic for daily routine examination. at the general hospital of Athens "Korgialenio – Benakio" were invited to participate in the study. The study took place in collaboration of University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Science Course Optics & Optometry with the general hospital of Athens "Korgialenio – Benakio". Axial length measurements were obtained both by contact ultrasound (A‐scan 550 Sonomed, Lake Success, NY, USA) and by non‐contact laser interferometry (IOL Master 700 SWEPT Source Biometry). Two sets of measurements were repeated by a single examiner for each method.
Results: A total of 50 eyes in 50 patients were evaluated. All participants volunteer to participate in this study. Estimates of axial length obtained with the two techniques were highly correlated. Axial lengths obtained with the contact method (mean 24.23mm, SD 1.64mm) were lower than those obtained with the non‐contact method (mean 23.29mm, SD 1.59mm) and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The coefficient of variation was lower with non‐contact laser interferometry (6.58%) than with the ultrasound technique (6.76%).
Conclusion: Similar estimates of axial length are obtained using contact and non‐contact techniques, with the latter producing higher measurements results than the former. The A-scan and the non‐contact laser interferometry device (IOL Master 700) provide both reproducible results with similar the accuracy of measurements of axial length in the clinical setting.


The stepped plate can be divided into two parts by the nodal circle,one is the inner plate,and the other is the ring cycle plate.The radiated acoustic field directionality of a flexural vibrating circular plate with one raised step under free boundary is calculated by using Rayleigh integral and acoustic superposition method in this work.The calculated results agree with the Gallego experimental test results.Furthermore,the directionality related with materials and the base thickness are also investigated.It can be found that the directivity is independent on materials.Under same resonant frequency,with the increase of base thickness the main lobe is sharper and the side lobe also becomes narrower and sharper.


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Two cases of osteoarthritis of the knee were reported which appeard to occur as an advanced stage of the chondromalacia patellae. Both cases had no previous history of infection or trauma including sports injury, however, they showed severe osteoarthritic changes in the late twenties and eary thirties respectively. Most svere changes were observed in the patello-femoral joints in both cases. Therefore, we suspected that their chondromalacia patellae were followed by the significant osteoarthiritis of the knee.Treatment consisted of anterior advancement of the tibial tubercle, shaving and drilling of the degenerated articular cartilage. Satisfactry improvement of the symptom has been obtained.


OBJECTIVE: To prepare nasolacrima implants and establish a method for their quality control.METHODS: Ofloxacin was taking as the main ingredient and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and glycerol were taking as the excipients to make the implants.UV spectrophotometry was applied to determine the content of the main ingredient.RESULTS: The implants prepared were in white solid bar,and its identification and test etc were all up to the standard stated in Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).The linear range of ofloxacin was 5.0~15.0 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8),with the average recovery rate at 99.67%(RSD=0.62%,n=9).CONCLUSION: The preparation process is simple and feasible,and the quality of the preparation is stable and controllable.


In this paper we present the Void Shadows interaction - a novel stereoscopic 3D interaction paradigm in which each virtual object casts a shadow on a touch-enabled display surface. The user can conveniently interact with such a shadow, and her actions are transferred to the associated object. Since all interactive tasks are carried out on the zero-parallax plane, there are no accommodation-convergence or related 2D/3D interaction problems, while the user is still able to "directly" manipulate objects at different 3D positions, without first having to position a cursor and to select an object. In an initial user study we have proved the applicability of the metaphor for some common tasks, and we have found that compared to in-air 3D interaction techniques the users performed up to 28% more precisely using about the same amount of time.


ECGs of 3 565 clinically normal male pilots,aged from 21 to 51 years,were classi-fied and analyzed by Minnesota code.Among the 3 565 pilots,there were 1 315 coded pilots,making up 36.89% of the total number.The results were as follows:abnormal Q/QS wave0.14%,electrocardial axis deflection 5.11%,high voltage of left ventricle 10.58%,chargedST-T segment 2.07%,atrioventricular conduction block 1.71%,intraventricular conductionblock 4.60%,arrhytmias 10.66% and other abnormalities 13.04%.The research showed thatthere were various changes in the coded pilots,although no abnormal alteration of the cardio-vascular system was discovered by physical examination,the ECG exercise stress test and otherrelevant clinical tests.This suggests that most of ECG abnormalities in clinically normal pilotsare normal physiological and functional variations.


The Minority Stress Model (Meyer, 2003) has made it possible to explain how sexual prejudice produces negative effects on the health and wellbeing of people belonging to sexual minorities, through distal and proximal stressors. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the effects of sexual prejudice on the mental health of transgender adults in Chile. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 transgender people, both male and female, in four cities of the country. The results allow us to identify the presence of distal factors associated with overt discrimination, as well as, proximal factors associated with the experience of stigma and its effects on self-concept. Finally, effects on mental health are described, among which the presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation and attempts, self-injurious behavior and consumption of alcohol and other substances.


We report on the successful operation of a metropolitan DWDM network composed of static and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers. The error-free transmission of 80 channels at 10-Gb/s line rate (0.8 Tb/s aggregate capacity) is demonstrated in a transparent fiber ring of 60-km circumference. The 50-GHz technology is enabled by an optical frequency interleaver, and single wavelength channels are routed dynamically by thermally tunable fiber gratings. This work experimentally demonstrates the concept for the German KOMNET Cityring field-trial, Berlin, Germany.


The design process may be regarded as a compound of two sub-processes performed respectively on internal and external part of a building. Due to different specifics, constraints or standards for both of them, sub-processes are usually carried out separately. The potential problems related to such an approach may arise in areas where both environments share common elements, like windows, external doors, and so on. In the article we overview the mechanism of solving this issue by introducing a coordination between both design sub-processes, namely the external and internal one. Thanks to this an overall consistency of a design is preserved.


This work has been supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grants NNX13AN34G and NNX15AB45G, National Institutes of Health grant GM103418, the Molecular Biology Core supported by the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University, and the Kansas State University Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research.


Chapter 3 presents a semantic theory for reasons locutions. The semantic theory pairs a Kaplanian semantic framework with Craige Roberts's question under discussion (QUD) pragmatic theory. The result is QUD Reasons Contextualism, which specifies eight distinct kinds of contexts of utterance for reasons locutions and the truth conditions for each one. The chapter then explains how each of the six reasons distinctions surveyed in Chapter 1 is related to the semantics for reasons locutions. In particular, the chapter shows that the agent neutral/agent relative distinction is a presemantic distinction, the normative/motivating/explanatory, objective/subjective, and permissive/obligatory distinctions are content distinctions, the adaptive/evaluative/practical and internal/external distinctions are domain distinctions, and the contributory/conclusive/sufficient distinction is a nonsemantic distinction. In addition, the chapter presents an extended example and an analogy with love locutions to illustrate the results. Finally, the chapter suggests a formal semantics for reasons locutions in the style of Kratzer's semantics for modals.


Significance Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease characterized by tumor formation in multiple organs. The identification of dysregulated cellular processes in TSC is necessary for the selection of possible therapeutic interventions. The current models place impaired mTORC1 signaling at the core of TSC pathogenesis. In this study, we identify an mTORC1-independent pathway that drives excess glycogen storage in TSC via impaired autophagic degradation of glycogen caused by defects in the autophagy-lysosome system. Importantly, we find that the combined use of mTORC1 and Akt pharmacological inhibitors restore glycogen homeostasis. Our findings uncouple mTORC1-dependent from mTORC1-independent processes that are dysregulated in TSC and pinpoint multiple pharmacologically actionable entry points that could be leveraged to develop a therapeutic treatment. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome that causes tumor formation in multiple organs. TSC is caused by inactivating mutations in the genes encoding TSC1/2, negative regulators of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Diminished TSC function is associated with excess glycogen storage, but the causative mechanism is unknown. By studying human and mouse cells with defective or absent TSC2, we show that complete loss of TSC2 causes an increase in glycogen synthesis through mTORC1 hyperactivation and subsequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a negative regulator of glycogen synthesis. Specific TSC2 pathogenic mutations, however, result in elevated glycogen levels with no changes in mTORC1 or GSK3β activities. We identify mTORC1-independent lysosomal depletion and impairment of autophagy as the driving causes underlying abnormal glycogen storage in TSC irrespective of the underlying mutation. The defective autophagic degradation of glycogen is associated with abnormal ubiquitination and degradation of essential proteins of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, such as LC3 and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 and 2 (LAMP1/2) and is restored by the combined use of mTORC1 and Akt pharmacological inhibitors. In complementation to current models that place mTORC1 as the central therapeutic target for TSC pathogenesis, our findings identify mTORC1-independent pathways that are dysregulated in TSC and that should therefore be taken into account in the development of a therapeutic treatment.


Patrick Glenn's Legal Traditions of the World caused a considerable stir on its first appearance. The publication of the second edition prompted this collective review by a team of colleagues, each of whom assessed a particular topic. Some reviewers also took up the invitation extended to them to comment on more general aspects, or to use their review as a springboard for a more general discussion, or both. No constraints were set on contributors, but some colleagues attended a meeting to discuss the project, all drafts were circulated to all the members of the team, in most cases on several occasions, and comments were exchanged. The result is a set of pieces which vary greatly in length, style and approach. Each can be read independently, but were drafted with colleagues' opinions in mind, even if, on occasion, those opinions were not shared.

(Note: Patrick Glenn's reply was published as 'Legal Traditions and Legal Traditions' in Journal of Comparative Law. 2(1), pp.69, 2007.


The excitation of slow waves by the fast wave antenna could lead to the undesirable heating of plasma periphery and must be suppressed. The effects of slow wave excitation are analyzed using a one dimensional analytical model. The effect of conversion of fast wave to slow wave at the plasma edge is discussed. The efficiency of the slow wave generation with the different components of the alternating current and the surface charge which is induced on the antenna current-carrying elements is studied. Qualitatively, the minimum slow wave excitation could be achieved if: the electrostatic fields induced by the antenna are shielded effectively; the currents in the antenna elements and those ones induced in the shield by the antenna magnetic and electrostatic fields are directed mainly perpendicular to the steady magnetic field. In practice, both the requirements above mentioned could not met rigorously. Thus, all the existing antennas excite slow waves. Prom this point of view, properties of unshielded and shielded strap antennas are discussed. A new antenna which provides the minimum slow wave excitation is proposed. It consists of the strap current-carrying element and a number of grounded shield elements of the similar design. The antenna impedance properties are analyzed in the framework of the continuos one-dimensional model. The analysis showed that the antenna impedance could be lower than that one for simple strap antenna. Like a TEM-mode transmission line it has resonances which could be used for decreasing the reactive part of the impedance which makes easier the matching of the antenna with feeding electric circuits. The newly proposed antenna could be used both in large scale and small plasma devices. The experimental testing of it in a mirror device in comparison with a standard strap antenna is of primary interest.


This paper aims to characterize the findings at Hermanos Lazcano site and to discuss the results in relation to the regional bioarchaeological record. We analyze bone preservation, sex and age profile of the sample, its chronology and the presence of intentional cranial modifications. Hermanos Lazcano is a multiple burial site dated at 3780 years B.P. and composed of a minimum of 4 subadults and 8 adults of both sexes whose remains were highly fragmented and poorly preserved. We determined the presence of intentional cranial modification of circular and pseudocircular type. The cultural material associated with the burials comprised grinding stones, shell beads, a pendant made of shell, trapezoidal rocks and a lithic sphere. Available evidence suggests that the emergence of burial areas with high concentration of individuals would have occurred in northern Neuquen earlier than other regions of Patagonia, where the oldest chronologies do not surpass 3,000 years B.P.


The utility model discloses a timber elastic modulus non-destructive testing device, which is divided into two main parts: a structure bearing part and a data acquisition and processing part. The structure bearing part comprises a first bearing base, a second bearing base, a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein, the first bearing base and the second bearing base are used for supporting the timber; the first bearing base consists of a bearing head, a load sensor and a base; the second bearing base consists of a cutting edge, a supporting board and the base. The data acquisition and processing part comprises the load sensor, a signal adjustment box, a data acquisition card and a computer. The testing device has the advantages that pieces to be tested are not damaged, the structure is simple, the detection is convenient and quick, the detection efficiency and the quality are high, and the cost is low.


Packaged technology of on-site pouring polyurethane foam for external thermal insulation is a completed system composed of polyurethane thermal insulation layer,interface layer,protective layer,finishing coat and system formwork technology.The key characteristics of the technology include low wastage and pollution created in the process of pouring polyurethane foam poured in the closed formwork.The surface roughness of the thermal insulation layer was effectively controlled by the formwork.Integrating with the application in the construc-tion project,some issues about the packaged technology were discussed,which include the structure measures,the indexes of accessories per-formance,equipment performance,pouring technology,construction technology,integrated properties and so on.


We explicitly write down the invariant supersymmetry conditions for branes with generic values of moduli and U duality charges in various space–time dimensions D≤10. We then use these results to obtain new BPS states, corresponding to the network type structure of such branes.


Petrological, chronological and geotectonic geological analysis of Precambrian metamorphic rock in Korean Peninsula shows that the remnants ( > 314 Ga) of continental nuclei crust were formed in the Paleo2 archean in the Rangrim Massif. In the massif, the main formation ages of continental crust range from 312 Ga to 215 Ga, its iportant growing period was 218 - 215 Ga. The subsequent expansion period of the Rangrim Mas2 sif was 214 - 212 Ga. The division events occurred in 1185 Ga and in the Late Paleop roterozoic2 2EarlyMesop ro2 terozoic, respectively. Since then the massif was relatively stable. However, the last division of the Rangrim Massif occurred at 793 Ma.


Editor—We were interested in the findings of Jaswon et al regarding the outcome of babies with antenatally detected renal pelvis dilatation (ARPD).1Since October 1997 it has been the practice in our unit to perform micturating cysto-urethography (MCUG) on all babies with ARPD, defined as a fetal antero-posterior renal pelvis diameter of greater than 5 mm,2 even in the presence of a normal six week postnatal ultrasound scan of the renal tract.3

Over the 16 months since this practice has been established, we identified 29 fetuses with ARPD from 3397 total deliveries (0.9%). Twenty four of 29 (83%) had ARPD of 5–10 …


(Received 20 September 2011; revised manuscript received 18 October 2011; published 17 January 2012)We show that for impacting argon clusters, both mean projected ranges of the constituents and depths ofradiation damage in diamond scale linearly with momentum. The same dependence was earlier found forkeV-energy cluster implantation in graphite, thus suggesting the universality of this scaling law. For diamond, agood agreement for the value of displacement energy for the case of cluster impact is found by comparing thecalculated target sputtering and experimentally measured depth of radiation damage.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.033405 PACS number(s): 61


The clinical presentation of microtia varies widely from minimal morphological abnormalities to complete absence of the ear. In this study we sought to identify and characterize sub‐groups of microtia using a statistical and a clinical approach. Photographs of 86 ears were classified in relation to all the external ear components. We used cluster analysis and rater's clinical opinion to identify groups with similar phenotypes in two separate analyses. We used Cramer's Phi coefficient of association to assess the similarity among the clinician's groupings as well as among the statistical sub‐phenotypic groups and each of the clinician's groupings. The cluster analysis initially divided the 86 ears into a more and a less severe group. The less severe group included two sub‐groups that included ears classified as normal and a group that had very few anomalous components. The group of 48 more affected ears all had abnormalities of the helix crus; antihelix‐stem, ‐superior crus and ‐inferior crus; and antitragus. These were further divided into 4 sub‐phenotypes. There was a moderate degree of association among the raters' groupings (Cramer's Phi: 0.64 to 0.73). The statistical and clinical groupings had a lower degree of association (Cramer's Phi: 0.49 to 0.58). Using standardized characterization of structural abnormalities of the ear we identified six distinct phenotypic groups; correlations with clinicians' groupings were moderate. These clusters may represent groups of ear malformations associated with the same etiology, similar time of insult or target cell population during embryonic development. The results will help inform investigations on etiology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The plant-induced electrical signal (PIES), which reflects nutrient and water uptake by the plant, can be monitored by inserting electrodes on both sides of the plant stem. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether PIES measurement can be applied to evaluate plant growth in response to urea fertilization. Soil was treated with different amounts of urea and the PIES of broccoli grown in the soil was monitored. PIES showed significantly positive correlation with nitrate in stems, indicating that PIES represents increased water and ion transport in broccoli stem caused by increasing urea application. Broccoli leaves treated with high amounts of fertilizer showed the highest chlorophyll content, but there was no significant difference among treatments. The proline content was highest with standard urea application; however, it was in the range of normal condition. There was no significant difference in the growth parameters of broccoli among different treatments, but the PIES was slightly higher when standard amount of urea was applied compared to the other treatments. The PIES values were different among individual broccoli plants and were highly correlated with nitrate in broccoli stem. Thus, PIES could be used as an indicator to evaluate plant nitrogen uptake.


Iran seems close to crossing the nuclear threshold: it is just a few years away from completing a recently disclosed facility that could be configured to produce sufficient highly-enriched uranium for several nuclear weapons a year. Tehran claims that the plant, which is legally permitted under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, is vital to its civilian nuclear power ambitions. However, the weight of evidence and analysis points in the opposite direction.


Barium sulfate granuloma of the rectum, a sequela of direct trauma to the rectal mucosa in the course of a barium sulfate enema examination, is a benign, usually asymptomatic lesion that must not be confused with carcinoma. This case confirms previous reports that barium sulfate crystals are inert and remain radiographically demonstrable in tissue for long periods of time. The paucity of reports of this lesion suggests that trauma to the rectal mucosa incident to barium sulfate enema studies is uncommon.


We prove a refinement of Vogel's statement that the Vassiliev invariants of knots coming from semisimple Lie algebras do not generate all Vassiliev invariants. This refinement takes into account the second grading on Vassiliev invariants induced by cabling of knots. As an application we get an amelioration of the actually known lower bounds for the dimensions of the space of Vassiliev invariants.


The streptaxid land-snails Gulella ndiwenyiensis sp. n. and G. nictitans sp. n. are described as narrowrange endemics from indigenous forest remnants in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The conservation needs of these species are likely to be similar to another Taita endemic streptaxid, Gulella taitensis Verdcourt, which has been assessed as meeting the IUCN criteria for Critically Endangered category. On shell morphology, one of the new species can be assigned to a morpho-group of others which appears to extend from eastern Kenya to eastern South Africa, while the other most closely resembles other tropical, mainly eastern, African species. We introduce data on aspects of the soft anatomy in the hope that these groupings may be tested when other taxa are investigated more thoroughly.


Abstract : An evaluation of control and monitor instrumentation for the Water Processing Elements (WPE) in the Medical Unit Self-Contained Transportable (MUST) complex was successfully completed. The program was primarily directed toward the evaluation of monitor instrumentation with secondary considerations given to its impact on control instrumentation. Emphasis was placed on (a) a survey of proper control and monitor instrumentation for the unit processes in the MUST WPE and the integrated system, (b) conducting a trade-off analysis between spectator-analyzed performance data and various levels of automatic analysis, (c) evaluating potable water quality monitoring requirements, and (d) preparing a preliminary and final comparison of alternatives against each other and also against the instrumentation needs for a semi-automatic, automatic and automatic system with maintenance aids. The MUST medical complex WPE unit processes were studied and the integrated system was defined. The integrated system requirements and the selected water quality monitor equipment were combined with the instrumentation-related Product Assurance activities to arrive at the WPE system instrumentation recommendations.


An experimental study of saturable absorption and excited-state absorption (ESA) in several inorganic saturable absorbers, Cr/sup 4+/:YAG, Cr/sup 4+/:GGG, and Cr/sup 4+/:YSGG, is presented. We provide the theoretical background of absorption characteristics in saturable absorbers that exhibit ESA, with some new results: approximate analytical solutions are proposed for the optical transmission in the case of a slow absorber, and for various light intensity conditions of spatially or temporally Gaussian beams in fast and slow absorbers. Experimentally, partial bleaching of the first excited state itself could be observed in Cr/sup 4+/:YAG at /spl lambda/=1064 nm, yielding the higher excited-state lifetime as /spl tau/*=(0.55/spl plusmn/0.1) ns. The regular transmission bleaching curve was measured in Cr/sup 4+/:GGG, for the first time in this material, yielding /spl sigma//sub ga/=(58/spl plusmn/5)/spl times/10/sup -1/ cm/sup 2/, and /spl sigma/e/sub s/=(13/spl plusmn/2)/spl times/10/sup -19/ cm/sup 2/ at /spl lambda/=1064 nm, ESA spectra were measured for the three materials between /spl sim/700 and 900 nm. All three exhibit crossing between saturable absorption at longer wavelengths and inverse saturable absorption at shorter wavelengths.


In today's digital age, Languages graduates need more specific skills than
fluency in the foreign language and intercultural competence. Employers
expect from all applicants a high level of computer literacy and a set of soft
skills such as creativity or the ability to solve problems and work on team
projects. Modern Foreign Language (MFL) departments should therefore
promote teaching techniques that would enable their graduates to become
employable, at the same time ensuring that the students become aware of
their own professional and personal development. This article provides an
example of projects concentrated specifically on development of technology
and media skills.


The luminescence of short period Si/Ge superlattices was systematically studied as a function of composition, strain and superlattice period. With Rutherford backscattering spectrometry the composition was determined, while X-ray diffraction was used to determine the strain and superlattice period. Two luminescence bands around 1,6 µ m were observed. Etching experiments showed that the signal originated from the superlattice. Changes in wavelength and intensity were found to be related to the composition and the strain, while no clear influence of the superlattice period was observed.


Shortening the channel change time is a critical issue in Internet protocol television (IPTV), and many methods have been proposed to address this issue. However, since these methods do not take into account the Internet group management protocol (IGMP) load on multicast routers, the number of IGMP packets will increase significantly, which will cause network instability. To investigate the effect of IGMP load, we performed a preliminary experiment that revealed that a multicast router does not work properly when it receives bursts of IGMP packets. To decrease the IGMP load as well as shortening the channel change time, we propose a multicast group aggregation method. Through simulation experiments, we show the effectiveness of the method.


Introduction: Sexual dysfunction and infertility are frequently associated with diabetes in men and experimental animals. Oxidative stress and alteration in testis are responsible for complication in diabetes. Saffron has antidiabetic and antioxidant properties that improves the functions of various organs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of administration of saffron aqueous extract in testis tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: The fasted rats were injected by a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozocin (STZ, 65mg/kg) in 0.1 M cold citrate buffer (pH=4.5). Three days after STZ administration, the animals with fasting blood glucose concentrations of over 250mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used in the experimental groups as follows: normal control (1), diabetic control (2), saffron control (3) and saffron treated (4). The treatment was started on the 7th day after STZ injection with ip injection of saffron (200mg/kg), five doses and weekly to groups (3 and 4). At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood glucose levels and the activity of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA content were determined in testis tissues. Results: Results showed saffron administration decreased elevated biochemical enzymes levels in testis of diabetic rats. Also, saffron significantly increased CAT and GPx activities in testis of diabetic rats. MDA levels had no significant changes in all experimental groups. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that saffron administration improved antioxidant enzymes function against oxidative stress. iD D ow nl oa de d fr om p pj .p hy ph a. ir at 1 0: 22 + 03 30 o n M on da y N ov em be r 4t h 20 19 29 | Physiol Pharmacol 22 (2018) 28-37 Hasanpour et al. remains untreated, it will lead to serious damages in different vital organs including male reproductive system. A large number of studies in men with diabetes, and in animal models show that diabetes causes male infertility due to sexual dysfunction and hypogonadism. Diabetes affects male reproductive function at different levels including changes in the quality of sperm, spermatogenesis, testicular morphology, sertoli glucose metabolism, ejaculation disorder, reduction in testosterone and libido (Jain and Jangir, 2014). Testis are considered as the primary reproductive organ and are one of the major organs affected by diabetes (Baccetti et al., 2002; Koh, 2007). Diabetic rats exhibit decreased testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility and testosterone levels, and increased frequency of abnormal spermatogenesis (Scarano et al., 2006). Changes in testicular tissue including testis apoptosis may be the major component of the infertility in diabetes (Roy et al, 2014). Therefore, consideration the abnormalities in testis could be really beneficial to treat or reduce serious damages and infertility. Over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired antioxidant defenses are accompanied with diabetes. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress in diabetes people is the trigger for many alterations on sexual function. In this regard, reducing oxidative stress in patients suffering from diabetes could be really valuable (Amaral et al., 2008). There are number of medications used to treat people with diabetes; however, common medications for diabetes does not always prevent the complications of the disease. In recent years, attention has been focus on herbs with high antioxidant activity to prevent and protect oxidative damage caused by free radical species in diabetes (Stavic, 1994). Crocus sativus L. commonly known as saffron is a perennial stem less herb of the Iridaceae family. Saffron has been used in traditional medicine as an antispasmodic, eupeptic, gingival sedative, anti-catarrhal, nerve sedative, carminative, diaphoteric, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic and aphrodisiac agent. The pharmacological activities of saffron are attributed to many of its active constituents including safranal, crocetin, crocin and quercetin (Rios et al., 1996). Theses constituents of saffron exhibits high antioxidant activity which makes it an ideal candidate for treatment of disease associated with oxidative stress (Khajuria et al., 2010). Testicular dysfunction in diabetes is well established, whereas the impact of oxidative stress associated with diabetes on the testis remains elusive. Herein, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of saffron aqueous extract on oxidative stress parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in testis of diabetes rats and to investigate the performance of saffron extract on the improvement of testicular tissue by determining the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Materials and methods Experimental animals Thirty-two adult healthy male albino Wistar rats (7-8 weeks) weighting 200–225 g were purchased from Shiraz University of Medical Science (Shiraz, Iran). The animals were housed in standard cages at room temperature (23±1 °C) with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle with free access to tap water and balanced diet (ad libitum). For adaptation, all animals were kept in this condition one week prior to the study.


This research study aims to examine and review the key advantages of smart manufacturing to achieve and improve performance within global supply chain environments. In recent years supply chain has been arisen as one of the major areas to gain a competitive edge in manufacturing industries. The current business methodologies of short product life cycle, increased outsourcing, expanding product variety, improved customer focus and improved technologies has led supply chain to be some challenging and complex tasks. Smart Manufacturing has been considered as a successful advancement in industrial revolution featuring resource efficiency, adaptability, agitability with wide application of internet and other innovative engineering technologies integrating of customers and business value processes creating a better manufacturing environment. The research is at its preliminary stages and will aim to examine and evaluate existing literature within the areas of smart and digital manufacturing and compare examples of best practices and methods towards creating a detailed comprehensive and systematic finding of the key research studies. This paper is a literature review which aims to review the benefits of smart manufacturing and its influence to achieve an improved performance in supply chain.


Graded crushed stone is widely used on low grade road base and anti reflection crack substrate.The design of graded crushed stone base has significant influences to its functional performance.The selection of graded broken stone,graduation selection and design are discussed in this paper,and the response characteristics to stress and permanent deformation of graded crushed stone base are analyzed.


This paper describes the design, implementation, and a performance evaluation of a Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) system called Proteus which aims to support dynamic node reconfiguration. Proteus allows users to shorten the execution time of their DSM programs by dynamically adding nodes to the system. Furthermore, competition for resource between system users and computer owners can be avoided by dynamically deleting nodes from the system. To make the system eff iciently adapting to node configuration, Proteus uses several techniques, which include the adaptive workload redistribution, the aff inity page movement, and the forced update. The consistency models supported by Proteus are both sequential consistency and release consistency. The programming environment provided is similar to PRESTO. In this paper, we focus the description on the design and implementation of node reconfiguration in Proteus. In addition, a performance evaluation is also presented in this paper. The results showed that the performance of the programs can be improved by taking advantage of node reconfiguration. Furthermore, our techniques work well i n communication minimization and overhead minimization.


We demonstrate Hyrax, a new runtime platform for dataparallel computation under development at UC Irvine under the ASTERIX project. We show the versatility of Hyrax by using it to run XQuery queries from ASTERIX, Hadoop MapReduce jobs using a Hadoop emulation layer, and SQL queries originating from Hive.


Divorce or collapse of the partner relationship2 is among the more stressful and psychically challenging of experiences. No matter the circumstances, due to which we could understand divorce as a desired solution of irresolvable complications in relationships, it is a distressing experience that affects the life of an individual as well as that of the family as a system. Divorce does not have far-reaching consequences just for the partners, but also for the children and extended family, as well as society. After divorce, a new era begins, when it is necessary to re-adapt to life and during which hard feelings also emerge. Divorce represents loss: the loss of a partner, of social status, of identity as a married person, etc. During the process of facing divorce, successful emotional adaptation to the new situation, which may also be described facing loss, is of great significance. The process of mourning begins, during which it is necessary to face the reality of loss. When that does not happen, the individual cannot move on; this is the point at which dysfunctional and symptomatic behaviour emerges. This contribution will outline some of the aspects of divorce, focusing mainly on the emotional aspect of adapting to divorce, as well as some possibilities for successfully processing emotional complications during divorce through the process of relational family therapy. 1 The article was written in the context of the research project J5-6825, which is financed by ARRS (Slovenian Research Agency). 2 In this article we use the expression "divorce" to denote both the separation of a marriage as well as separation of a couple, one that lived in a civil union (without formal marriage), despite these two being two different processes from a legal viewpoint.


Purpose: To investigate clinical outcomes, response to treatment, and the related factors of recurrence and complication, following treatment of primary conjunctival malignant lymphoma. Methods: The medical records of 39 patients diagnosed with primary conjunctival malignant lymphoma between January 2005 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of patients was 51.1 years old. The most common presenting symptom was hyperemia (33.3%). The most common anatomical location of the mass was the fornix (38.5%) and 25.6% patients had bilateral involvement. Histopathologically, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (92.3%) was the most common subtype. Every patient underwent radiotherapy (92.3%) or chemotherapy (7.7%) after surgical excision and had 100% complete remission. Local or systemic recurrence was observed in 15.4% of patients after treatment (mean 8.0 ± 3.3 months), but was completely remitted after additional radiation or chemotherapy. International prognostic index and location of tumor were significantly related factors for predicting tumor recurrence (p < 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). Dry eye disease (DED) was the most common ocular complication (44.4%) after radiotherapy. Total radiation dosage and location of tumor were significantly associated factors for developing DED after radiotherapy (both p = 0.04). Conclusions: Most conjunctival malignant lymphomas were low grade malignant MALT lymphomas that responded well to treatment but recurrence of tumor and development of DED after radiotherapy were common, therefore predicting and preparing these lymphomas is important. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(9):1298-1306


By an example of turning the thread sets with the FANUC system,the basic processing methods of the internal/external thread and single/two-thread were introduced.Through rational programming,the high-precision and high-efficiency thread machining can be achieved.


In the presence of nickel acetate, a chiral ligand, (S)-Hdphp ((S)-N-[di(2-pyridyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-proline), was synthesized in situ by nucleophilic addition of L-proline to di-2-pyridyl ketone. Based on this ligand, three chiral mononuclear complexes, {Ni[(S)-dphp](DMF)(H2O)}(ClO4) (1), {Ni[(S)-dphp](H2O)2}(ClO4)(H2O)1.5 (2), and {Ni[(S)-dphp](SCN)(H2O)} (3), have been obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and infrared spectra. By virtue of charge-assisted O–H ··· O hydrogen-bonding interactions, all the complexes possess double chain structures. The double chains were connected into 2-D networks via π ··· π stacking and CH ··· π interactions in 1. For 2, O–H ··· O hydrogen-bonding interactions between free water molecules and other oxygens as well as π ··· π stacking and CH ··· π interactions extend the chains into a 3-D network. Complex 3 exhibits 3-D structure via O–H ··· S interactions.


C programming is a main programming for the Educational Robot Arm which is based on AVR ATmega128. The development environment is not integrated, so it is complex and difficult to study for middle or high school students who want to learn programming and control the educational robot arm. Furthermore, there is no debug and testing environment support. This paper presents a Java-based development platform for the educational robot arm. This platform includes: an up-to-date tiny Java Virtual Machine (NanoVM) for the educational robot arm; An Eclipse based Java integrated development environment as an Eclipse plug-in; a 3D simulator on the PCs to support testing and debugging programs without real robots. The Java programming environment makes development for educational robot arm easier for students.


This study focuses on the institutional and rational determinants of organizational practices. Environmental pressures, forces for conformity and organizational characteristics determine in large measure the speed and strength with which organizational practice are adopted in a given organization. Institutional determinants have a strong effect on the application of new practices. Organizations seek support and legitimacy in their institutional fields by adopting structural models that are generally perceived to be the best available.


FEBRUARY 2004 I ENDOVASCULAR TODAY I 31 D uring the last 2 decades, percutaneous endovascular therapies have revolutionized the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, the development and dissemination of percutaneous approaches to heart valve disease have been less rapid. Whereas rheumatic mitral stenosis and congenital aortic stenosis are effectively managed by balloon valvuloplasty in many instances,1,2 and pulmonary regurgitation can be treated by percutaneous pulmonary valve insertion,3 progress with more common valvular lesions—mitral regurgitation and acquired aortic stenosis—requires development of new techniques and technology. Recent advances promise to facilitate application of endovascular therapies for these lesions. Although technological challenges remain, it is likely that many patients with mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis will soon be candidates for percutaneous heart valve repair or replacement. SURGI C AL M ANAG E MENT O F H E A RT VALV E D I S E A SE Percutaneous approaches to heart valve disease are modeled upon successful surgical techniques for valve repair and replacement. Since the development of cardiopulmonary bypass, open-heart surgery has been the standard definitive treatment for heart valve disease. The most common valvular lesions—mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis—are effectively treated by cardiac surgery, extending longevity and improving quality of life in hundreds of thousands of patients annually. Mortality associated with primary heart Percutaneous Heart Valve Repair and Replacement


Few layers Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ is currently the only atomically thin ferromagnetic metal, and thus has drawn huge attention in the field of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism. In this paper, we perform a systematic first principle study on the electronic structure, magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), and magneto-optical (MO) effects in monolayer (ML), bilayer (BL) and trilayer (TL) as well as bulk Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. All the considered structures of Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ are predicted to have large MAE of order $\sim$3.0 meV/f.u., being larger than reported 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ and CrI$_3$ and also being comparable to that of FePt which has the largest MAE among the transition metal alloys. This large MAE thus stabilizes the long range ferromagnetic order down to atomically thin layers and also suggests promising applications of 2D Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ in high density data storage. Furthermore, the calculated magneto-optical spectra show large magnetic circular dichroism, thus resulting in large MO Kerr rotation and Faraday rotation angles. In visible frequency range, huge Kerr rotation angles up to $\sim$2.7$^\circ$ for TL Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ are found. Such values are larger than famous MO transition metal alloy MnBi. Also, large Faraday rotation angles are predicted for all considered Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ structures. In particular, ML Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ has a Faraday rotation angle of -156$^\circ$/$\mu m$, which is three times larger than famous MO oxide Bi$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$. These important findings are analysed in terms of the calculated orbital-decomposed density of states and dipole selection rule derived from the group theory. Our findings thus suggest that few layers and bulk Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ are promising MO materials and could be widely applied to nano MO devices in the future.


Boethius's De arithmetica, a Latin adaptation of Nicomachus of Gerasa's Introduction to Arithmetic, was the only truly neo-pythagorean text available in the Latin Middle Ages. It played a major rol...


RANK and file members of political parties are often regarded as little more than sources of party funds, via subscriptions, and unpaid labour for electoral campaigns. This, and more especially the well-known fact that most party members do no more for their parties than pay their subscriptions, probably accounts for the sparsity of research on party membership in Britain. By taking a much broader view of political participation than the narrow one of party political activity, this paper attempts to show that rank and file party membership may yet play a more fundamental role in the maintenance of a democratic political system than is usually recognized. It is suggested that participation in the activities of voluntary associations other than political parties may be regarded as political participation: all such associations are in some sense interest groups, and therefore at least potential pressure groups exerting influence in the political process : furthermore, participation in voluntary associations is also political in so far as it involves participation in decision-making processes, even if at a very local and parochial level. It follows that the participation of party members in the activities of voluntary associations may be regarded as political participation, and it is this form of participation which is examined in this paper. If the concern here is with the political implications of participation in the activities of voluntary associations, then it is not unreasonable to regard party membership itself' as a form of voluntary association participation. This permits the application of theories of voluntary associations to party membership : such theories, which seek to explain the significance of voluntary associations for social integration and democracy in modern industrial societies, have been advanced by a number of sociologists following the social thought of Alexis de Tocqueville, and they constitute elements of what is known as the theory of 'mass society'. The procedure adopted here is firstly to set out a theoretical framework for empirical analysis in terms of the theory of mass society: this is followed by the presentation of data on the relationship between party membership and voluntary association participation from a case study of random samples of


Starting from N-benzylazetidine, -pyrrolidine, -piperidine, N,N'-dibenzylpiperazine, N-benzylmorpholine, and N-benzyl-2-morpholinol (2A-F, respectively) the corresponding N-oxides 1A-F were prepared and their high field 1 H- and 1 3 C-NMR features tabulated and discussed. The erroneous 1 H-NMR literature data of 2F were now corrected. The spectral analysis revealed that the main conformer of 1C-F has an axial N + -O - bond. In addition, the hydroxy substituent in IF and 2F resulted to be axially located. Semiempirical AM1 calculations supported the deduced preferred conformations.


where k is an integer, and <t>{n) is Euler's totient function, giving the number of integers <n and prime to n. Our main purpose is to show that if n is a solution of (1), then n is a prime or the product of seven or more distinct primes. One is tempted to believe the stronger statement that (1) has no composite solutions or, in other words, the integer n is a prime if (and only if) cj>(n) divides n — 1. We have not been able to establish this, however. The proof of the nonexistence of composite solutions of (1) seems about as remote as the proof of the nonexistence of odd perfect numbers and the two problems though not equivalent are not dissimilar. Let w b e a composite solution of (1) and let a be any number prime to n\ then


Through concentration on a specific discipline, the College strives to produce students who have read, reasoned, and written sufficiently in one academic discipline to have been prepared for advanced work, to have been formed by the procedures and techniques of the discipline, and to have absorbed the ideals and ambitions that rise from serious, consistent work in one field under the direction of dedicated teacher-scholars.


To compare the prevalence of five common thrombophilic polymorphisms and their combination in women with recurrent miscarriage and a control group.


Summary Two experiments were conducted with four lactating cows in a latin-square design. The rations were composed mainly of maize silage plus concentrates, supplemented with urea, Pruteen, or soya-bean meal supplying 25% of total dietary N. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured, and milk production recorded. Dry-matter digestibility, intake of metabolizable energy (ME) and ME concentration in dietary dry matter were not significantly altered when Pruteen was substituted for soya-bean meal. However, mean nitrogen digestibility for all the treatments was significantly lower than expected from published relationships. The substitution of Pruteen for soya-bean meal did not significantly affect the nitrogen balance of the animals or milk production, but the latter tended to be higher than that recorded with urea. The responses to the different N supplements are discussed in relation to the feeding systems of the Agricultural Research Council and the French Protéines Digestibles dans l'lntestin Grêle, and are compared with predictions made from statistical relationships developed in our laboratory.


The continuing discussion about Indigenous perspectives and understandings of rock-art has implications for archaeological research, especially in Central Australia where rock-art is a significant part of Aboriginal life today. We present an Indigenous view of outcomes of research projects generally and an outline of a current collaborative rock-art study in Central Australia. We investigate the context in which rock-art was produced in order to develop an understanding of the relationship between the landscape, the motif assemblages and other past human activities.


Using the high performance digital signal processing chip TMS320F2812 as the core, the SPWM wave based on the method of symmetric regular sampling was produced through controlling the two buttons on the DSP TOP2812 developing board to produce two different frequency of SPWM wave. Firstly, the method of symmetric segular sampling was analyzed, then the software flow charts based on TMS320F2812 and a simple filter to measure SPWM wave frequency was designed. Finally, the oscilloscope respectively showed the SPWM wave, dead-time waveform and the sine wave processed by filter. Experiments showed that the two button on the DSP developing board can be a very good control the production of double frequency SPWM wave.


Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of variation of cement content, partial replacement of cement by 10 and 20% of fly ash, partial replacement of coarse aggregate by fine aggregates (ranging from 5 to 15%) with the addition of plasticizer on the characteristics of pervious concrete. Class C fly ash was used for the production of pervious concrete, adopting ACI method of mix proportioning. Coarse aggregates of size 19 to 9.5 mm and 9.5 to 4.75 mm blended in the ratio of 60:40 respectively, a constant water—binder ratio of 0.3, a plasticizer of 0.8% by weight of cement were adopted. Density, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, total voids, permeable voids, permeability by falling head method, sand blasting abrasion and cantabro abrasion were determined. Replacement of cement by fly ash (up to 20%) has reduced the compressive strength marginally, whereas, addition of fine aggregates (5–15%) has increased the above strength ranging from "marginal" to "high". Incorporation of fly ash has the effect of reduction in total voids in fly ash–cement pervious concretes. It is seen that reduction in total void reduces the sand blasting abrasion and cantabro loss in pervious cement concrete and fly ash cement concrete. All the mixes considered in this study with minimum cement content 250 kg/m3 and with 10 and 20% of replacement of cement by fly ash with fines content 10 and 15% can be considered for the application of DLC as a base coarse for rigid/flexible pavements.


The rise of the multi-core architectural design has pushed concurrent and parallel programming, particularly the shared-memory paradigm, to the forefront of mainstream software development. However, as the number of cores increases, the distributed nature of these architectures tends to favour the scalability and modularity of the message-passing paradigm over shared-memory. Moreover, the diversity and heterogeneity of the currently available processors, namely in the layout of their memory hierarchy, is more and more driving applications to dynamically adapt their execution to the underlying runtime systems and architecture. In this context, we propose a model that builds on the promotion of the service abstraction from the system to the language level. The goal is to provide a uniform abstraction for the construction of concurrent dynamic and scalable systems by composing services published by the application, by the runtime system or by third-parties (such as Web accessible services). The model decouples service specification from service provision, defining a two-level development methodology which, at a macro-level, addresses service interaction and coordination, and, at a micro-level, the internals of the service providers. This approach provides a good framework for: a) expressing different types of parallelism at different levels, b) accessing services offered by the runtime system to tune or steer the execution, c) dynamically swap or adjust the service providers available for a given application, and d) treat both local and remote resources uniformly at the language level. This paper presents an overview of the proposed model, illustrating its features by modelling some known parallel programming paradigms, namely SPMD, Pipeline and Master/Worker.


Suppose that $\langle f_n \rangle$ is a sequence of polynomials, $\langle f_n^{(k)}(0)\rangle$ converges for every non-negative integer $k$, and that the limit is not $0$ for some $k$. It is shown that if all the zeros of $f_1, f_2, \dots$ lie in the closed upper half plane $\rm{Im}\ z\geq 0$, or if $f_1, f_2, \dots$ are real polynomials and the numbers of their non-real zeros are uniformly bounded, then the sequence converges uniformly on compact sets in the complex plane. The results imply a theorem of Benz and a conjecture of P\'olya.


BACKGROUND
Social learning literature is used in order to describe the contextual parameters of peer aggression, and specifically bullying and victimization.

AIM
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of maternal characteristics on their child's victimization or bullying experience at school.

SAMPLE
The participants were 252 elementary school students (mean age 11.5 years) and their mothers.

METHOD
A theoretically driven model was developed and its ability to fit the data was tested. The main factors included in the model were the following: parental style as perceived by the child, self-reported parental involvement, the mother's emotional state and the degree of victimization experienced by the child at school.

RESULTS
Through confirmatory factor analysis, it was shown that maternal responsiveness was positively related to the child's adjustment at school (i.e. achievement and social adaptation), while the same factor was negatively related to school aggression (bullying and disrupting behaviour). Overprotective mothering was associated with high degrees of victimization experienced by the child, whereas maternal depressiveness was related to both victimization and bullying behaviour on the part of the child.

CONCLUSIONS
Parents should be included in the design of intervention plans aiming at the elimination of bullying at school.


The study investigated the linkages between land uses and water quality in U-tapao river basin, Thailand, in order to examine the impact of land use changes on full -basin, sub-watershed and buffer zone scales (1000m, 500m and 200m) on river water quality through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. Correlation and regression analysis were applied for ten water quality parameters. In scale analysis, in the most cases, the sub-watershed scale showed the clear relationship between land use water quality rather than full-basin and buffer zone scales. This indicates that the level of relationship between land use and water quality depends upon scale therefore the relationship between water quality parameters and land uses should be studied in multiple scales and it helps to develop effective river basin management in future. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 54-60


It has been suggested in a number of places that a platonist account of mathematical truth raises difficult problems for a theory of mathematical knowledge.1 A "platonist theory of mathematical truth" is, roughly, a theory of mathematical truth which contains explicit reference to peculiarly mathematical objects such as sets or numbers. In this paper I consider several "alternatives" to a platonist account of mathematical truth. They can all be called "modal views of mathematics" in that they purport to analyze mathematical statements in such a way that reference to abstract mathematical objects is eliminated in favor of talk about necessity and possibility. The details of this elimination vary significantly from case to case. They all appear to agree, however, on the claim that elementary number theory (and, indeed, all of mathematics) need not be understood as a theory about a special domain of abstract mathematical objects. One proponent of a modal approach to mathematics is Putnam. He is quite explicit about what he takes to be the point of viewing mathematics from a modal perspective. In "Mathematics Without Foundations" he suggests that we are too much in the grip of the "mathematics as set theory" picture ([7]: 11). What is notable about this picture is not just that it identifies numbers with sets. Rather "the important thing about the picture is that [according to it] mathematics describes 'objects'" ([7]: 9). Putnam feels that a "modal view of mathematics" provides us with an "equivalent description" of the same mathematical facts as are described by a "mathematics as set theory" view. However, by focussing on a modal picture, we see that the emphasis on mathematical objects (be they-numbers or sets) is not essential. We need not analyze the content of mathe-


The stock structure of critically endangered Clupisoma garua were examined based on morphometric characters. A total of 133 specimens were collected from four rivers located in the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh. Data were subjected to principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis and univariate analysis of variance. In discriminant function analysis, plotting first and second discriminant functions explained 88.4% and 9.9% of the between-group variation for morphometric analyses indicating the existence of three morphologically differentiated groups of C. garua. The first principal component (PC1) explained 82.41% of the total variation, while PC2 explained 4.62%. The step-wise discriminant function analysis (DFA) retained six variables that significantly discriminated the populations. Using these variables, 82.0% of the original groups were classified into their correct samples and 79.70% of the cross validated groups omitting one procedure were classified into their correct samples. The result obtained from the study noticed significant differences among the populations.


Nigeria has contended with violent expressions of conflicts since the return to civil rule in 1999. The Boko Haram uprising is the most devastating of these crises and it has given rise to serious humanitarian challenges. The manifestation of the emergency is revealed in the extent of internal displacement it has generated. Thus, this study assessed the depth of the humanitarian needs of those internally displaced by the insurgency and the nature of state management of the displacement crisis. Data for the study was sourced from national policy documents, media documents, reports and other publications on the displacement crisis. Relying on these sources, the study highlighted the nature of state management of the displacement crisis, assessed recorded successes and noted challenges.


A method of determining the inertia effects in a four-bar linkage is described. General expressions are derived for the forces acting at the joints of the mechanism, and their variations with crank angle are shown graphically in some illustrative examples. The effects of balancing and of changes in the mass parameters of the linkage are discussed.


Between the ages of nine and 15, there is a significant decrease in activity levels among children, which augurs poorly for their levels of activity and potentially health over the course of their lifetimes.


In order to meet the high sensitivity requirement of GaAs cathode,three methods of obtaining high pure oxygen are experimentally researched.The results show that expansion method has lowest oxygen purity,silver pipe penetration method has purity higher than 80% and barium superoxide method has the highest purity of more than 90%.The cathode activation experiment proves that barium superoxide methode is best for cathode.It is the best oxygen source for obtaing high sensitivity of negative electron affinity(NEA).


** Abstract Today, a number of users using smartphone is very rapidly increasing by development of smartphone performance and providing various services. Also, they are using it for enjoying various services(cloud service, game, banking service, mobile office, etc.). today's mobile security solution is simply to detect malicious code or stay on the level of mobile device management. In particular, the services which use sensitive information, such as certificate, corporation document, personal credit card number, need the technology which are prevented from hacking and leaking it. Recently, interest of these mobile security problems are increasing, as the damage cases been occurred. To solve the problem, there is various security research such as mobile virtualization, ARM trustzone, GlobalPlatform for mobile device. Therefore, in this paper, I suggested efficient method that uses the mobile virtualization techniques of certification, security policy and access control, password/key management, safe storage, etc. and Trustzone of ARM for preventing information leakage and hacking.


Objective To explore how tertiary hospitals can actually ensure rational use of essential medicines,so as to help public hospitals with active execution of the national guidelines on essential drugs. Methods By reviewing relevant domestic data in a tertiary hospital,a data platform was established for analysis of essential drug utilization in a hospital between 2010 and 2014. The SPSS19. 0 analysis system was used in the analysis. Results The demand for essential medicines by the tertiary sample hospital for clinical treatment between 2010 and 2014 was stable. There was no significant change in essential medicines. The Compound Annual Grawth Rate of essential drug sale amount was 14. 61%. The percentage of essential drug varieties increased to 65. 38% in 2014. However,there was still a gap with the 2012 variety matching degree of National List of Essential Medicines in terms of drug variety selection. Conclusion This tertiary hospital has been paying more attention to the implementation and promotion of essential drug policies and systems in medical institutions,but the percentage of essential medicines was below 25%on average. It is necessary to keep improving the drug use information management system,optimize treatment via pharmacoeconomics evaluation methods,use approved prescriptions,follow doctors' advice,get corresponding specifications,improve the efficiency of drug use,and to guarantee the safety of drug use.


The speed at which addictive drugs reach the brain influences the magnitude of their effects and increases abuse liability. For example, in rats, fast rates of i.v. cocaine infusion (5 s) induce greater cocaine intake and self‐administration, and enhance psychomotor sensitization compared to slower infusion rates (90 s). Psychomotor sensitization is a behavioral manifestation of drug‐induced neural plasticity thought to underlie addiction. However, most rate of infusion (ROI) studies included only males and were limited to acute experimenter‐administered infusions. Furthermore, increases in cell‐surface expression of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are associated with psychomotor sensitization and enhanced cocaine‐seeking, but potential effects of ROI on NAc glutamate plasticity had not been examined. Therefore here, we examined psychomotor sensitization and glutamatergic plasticity in female Long‐Evans rats (N=22) given either fast (5 s, n=9) or slow (90 s, n=9) cocaine infusions (50 μl, 2.0 mg/kg i.v.) or saline infusions (5 s, n=2; 90 s, n=2). Rats were given one infusion per session, three sessions per week, for 8 total infusions. To examine effects on AMPAR expression, tissue from the NAc and dorsolateral striatal (DLS) will be collected after an additional 21 days of withdrawal. Briefly, tissue will be prepared using established BS3 crosslinking approaches, and surface expression of AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA2 will be examined. Psychomotor sensitization is typically quantified by measuring locomotion using automated beam break measures or by hand scoring behavior. However, beam break measures are inaccurate in small enclosures, and hand scoring is time‐consuming. Here, we developed a novel approach to measuring locomotion using DeepLabCut, a markerless pose estimation method. In pilot studies, tracking locomotion using this method provided reliable measures of locomotion that were comparable to hand‐scored videos. This approach also provided more detailed analysis of the entire time course (rather than using time sampling), and provided additional quantitative measures including velocity. In pilot studies, females in the fast infusion group showed locomotor sensitization, whereas rats in the slow infusion group did not. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that repeated slow infusions of cocaine do not produce sensitization, and suggests that although total drug exposure is identical, the speed of drug delivery strongly influences cocaine‐induced plasticity in females. Ongoing studies are being conducted to examine effects on glutamate plasticity. We predict that enhancements in AMPAR surface expression may occur selectively in the 5 s group, based on previous sensitization studies in males, but that this effect may be more pronounced in DLS than NAc. Together these data will reveal how varying pharmacokinetics influence cocaine‐induced neurobehavioral plasticity in females.


Objective To analyze the pattern of normal bone marrow on whole body diffusionweighted imaging (WB-DWI) and its influence factors.Methods A total of 98 healthy volunteers (male 47 and female 51). All volunteers underwent WB-DWI at 1.5 T MR scan. The ADC value,the signal intensity on DWI obtained with a b value of 800 s/mm2 ( SIDWI ),and the signal intensity on short time inversion recovery images ( SISTIR ) of thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,bilateral head of femur,bilateral neck of femur,bilateral superior segment of femur,bilateral inferior segment of femur,bilateral ilium,bilateral head of humerus,bilateral scapula were measured and compared with ANOVA test and StudentNewmar-Keuls test.The normal appearance of bone marrow on WB-DW[ was assessed. The relationship between the SIDwI and the ADC,and the SIDWI and the SISTIR of bone marrow were analyzed.The ADC of bone marrow between male and femaIe were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for different age groups.Results ( 1 ) Bone marrow signal intensity was different among 98 healthy volunteers.Bone marrow in 69 healthy volunteers (female 24,male 45 ) showed low to intermediate signal intensity,whereas in the remaining 29 healthy volunteers (female 27,male 2) showed high signal intensity.(2) The SIDWI of thoracic vertebrae ( median 44.54),lumber vertebrae ( median 35.01 ),head of femur ( median 13.61 ),neck of femur ( median 16.00),superior segment of femur ( median 21.45 ),ilium ( median 25.77),head of humerus (median 18.35),scapula (median 36.12) was positively correlated with the ADC [ (0.55 ±0.08) × l0-3,(0.53 ±0.08) × 10-3,(0.30 ± 0.10) × 10-3,(0.42 ± 0.16) × 10-3,(0.74±0.14) ×l0- 3,(0.49±0.10) ×10-3,(0.36±0.13) ×10-3,(0.49±0.11) × 10-3mm2/s]and the SISTIR ( median 61.81,64.99,53.27,69.08,73.10,66.35,73.16,79.81 ),r =0.513 and 0.695,0.741 and 0.764,0.443 and 0.489,0.641 and 0.656,0.510 and 0.648,0.475 and 0.715,0.366 and 0.446,0.437 and 0.739 ;P < 0.01. (3) There was significant difference of the ADC of bone marrow in different bone,F =138.69,P < 0.01. Student-Newman-Keuls test revealed that no significant difference was found in the ADC between thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae,ilium and scapula,head of humerus and inferior segment of femur ( P > 0.05 ),and significant difference was found in the ADC values between the remaining two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The bones associated with decreasing ADC values were superior segment of femur,thoracic vertebrae and lumber vertebrae,ilium and scapula,neck of femur,head of humerus,head of femur and inferior segment of femur. ( 4 ) The ADC values of bone marrow of female subjects in thoracic vertebrae [ (0.59 ±0.07) × 10-3 mm2/s],lumber vertebrae [ (0.58 ±0.06) × 10 -3 mm2/s],head of femur ( median 0.33 × 10 -3 mm2/s),neck of femur ( median 0.53 × 10 -3 mm2/s),superior segment of femur ( median 0.81 × 10-3 mm2/s),inferior segment of femur ( median 0.32 ×10-3 mm2/s),ilium [ (0.52 ± 0.09 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ],head of humerus (median 0.42 × 10-3 mm2/s),scapula [ (0.53 ± 0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s] were significantly higher than those of male subjects [ (0.51 ±0.07) × 10-3,(0.48 ±0.07) × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,median 0.31 × 10-3,median 0.66 × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,(0.46 ±0.10) × 10-3,median 0.27 × 10-3,(0.45 ±0.11 ) × 10 3mm2/s].(5)There was significant negative correlation between the ADC values of bone marrow and age in thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,head of femur,neck of femur,superior segment of femur,ilium,head of humerus for female subjects,r =-0.549, -0.629, -0.329, -0.524, -0.338, -0.548 and -0.416,respectively,P < 0.05.There was no significant correlation between ADC values and age in inferior segment of femur and scapula for female subjects and all the regions for male subjects ( P > 0.05 ).Conclusions The ADC and the SIsTIR of bone marrow correlates with the SIDW1.The ADC values of bone marrow is affected by age and sex,and is different for different bones.

Key words:
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging;  Bone marrow;  Reference values


Long-term high-resolution measurements of coastal variability are extremely rare and provide unique insight to beach fluctuations and change at a variety of different scales. Crucially, they also provide an invaluable dataset that researchers can use to test and develop new coastal modelling tools and statistical techniques. This paper describes one such coastal monitoring program that has been continuously underway at Narrabeen-Collaroy Beach in SE Australia at monthly or greater survey frequencies for the past 39 years. The history of this unique program can be divided into two periods: (1) the initial three decades (1976-2006) characterised by the use of traditional survey methods; and (2) the past decade during which the monitoring program has been expanded and modernised using new survey technologies such as RTK-GPS, coastal imaging, LiDAR and UAV technology. A summary and timeline as to the introduction of the various technologies is presented, followed by some standard data products (e.g. the Subaerial Volume and Beach Orientation Indices) produced from the raw historical data to facilitate easy data interpretation. With the fortyyear anniversary of this dataset approaching in April 2016, efforts are being made to make this dataset openly accessible for download via a public web interface, thereby extending the reach of this valuable dataset to coastal researchers and practitioners worldwide.


If the attenuation function of strain is expressed as a power law, the formalism of fractional calculus may be used to handle Eringen non-local elastic model. Aim of the present paper is to provide a mechanical interpretation to this non-local fractional elastic model by showing that it is equivalent to a discrete, point-spring model. A one-dimensional geometry is considered; static, kinematic and constitutive equations as well as the proper boundary conditions are derived and discussed.


A new species of Grahamisia, Pteromalidae (Diparinae) is described from Sri Lanka and its affinities with the related species are discussed. Key to the world species of Grahamisia is also provided.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic treatment for congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children. Methods From January 2000 to December 2002, 22 children with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction, aged from 5 to 14, underwent percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy or balloon dilation. Result All cases were followed up for 3 to 26 months. The overall success rate was 86%(19/22). One uncured patient of antegrade electrocautery endopyelotomy was proven to be a crossing vessel during Anderson-Hynes pyelotomy. Two of repeated balloon dilation were later cured by antegrade electrocautery or laser endopyelotomy. Mild fever in postoperative 1~2 days and affected abdominal pain occurred in 8 cases of antegrade electrocautery or laser endopyelotomy.But no major complications occurred in all patients. Conclusion Endoscopic management of pediatric congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction is safe and effective.


Chlorination disinfection byproducts have drawn significant attention in water quality research during the last decades, due to their adverse effects on public health. A method is reported for the determination of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, and chloropicrin based on liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The optimum electron ionization energy was determined and precursor ions and product ions for thirteen volatile disinfection byproducts were identified. The method provides rapid chromatographic analysis (10 minutes) and good separation. The linear dynamic range extended from 0.05 to 100 µg L−1 (r2 = 0.9983 – 0.9997, n=10) and the limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.003 and 0.014 µg L −1 . The intra-day (n=5) and inter-day (n=6) relative standard deviations were in the ranges of 2.81–8.22% and 3.48–10.85%, respectively. The method was validated by measurement of the recoveries of fortified surface, ground, and wastewater to be 74.7–115.4%, 86.1–120.6%, and 81.6–126.1%, respectively.


Abstract: Early twentieth-century Palestine was a noisy place. Urban streets echoed with the cries of hawkers, the songs of nationalists, and the whistles of trains announcing their arrival. Conversations in Arabic, Turkish, Yiddish, English, Ladino, French, Hebrew, and other languages reverberated in the soundscape. In this article, I explore how Palestine's residents made sense of what they heard, focusing on one type of sound in particular: Hebrew-language accents. Building on the work of sensory historians, and focusing on Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, I investigate the following questions: How did Palestine's residents use accents to mark identity, belonging, and exclusion? What were the stakes of sounding different? And what did it mean to sound "native"?


XI CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Manual Therapy 1 1.1.1 Background 1 1.1.2 Manual Therapy Techniques 2 126.96.36.199 Cavitation 3 1.1.3 Mechanisms Underlying the Effect of Manual Therapy 4 1.2 Neurophysiological Mechanisms 6 1.2.1 Spinal Cord Modulation 6 1.2.2 Supraspinal Modulation 7 184.108.40.206 Cortical Pathways 7 220.127.116.11 The Corticospinal Tract 8 184.108.40.206 Transcortical Long-Loop Reflex 9 184.108.40.206 Brainstem and Accessary Pathways 9 1.3 Manual Therapy Effects on the Motor System 11 1.3.1 Effect of Manipulation on Peripheral Afferents 11 22.214.171.124 Joint Afferents (group II, III and IV) 11 188.8.131.52 Muscle Afferents (group I, II) 12 18.104.22.168 Cutaneous Afferents 12 184.108.40.206 Nociceptor Afferents 12 1.3.2 Assessing Motor Effects 13 1.3.3 Effect of Manipulation on the Motor System 14 220.127.116.11 Pain-Spasm-Pain Cycle 14 184.108.40.206 Effect of Pain on Motor Output 15 188.8.131.52 Effect of Manipulation on Motor Output 16 22.214.171.124 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 17 1.4 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 20 1.4.1 Methodology 20 184.108.40.206 Cortical Excitability in an Active Motor System 21 1.4.2 Reliability with TMS 22 188.8.131.52 Firing Thresholds 22 22.214.171.124 Within-Subject Variability 22 220.127.116.11 Variation between Individuals 23 1.4.3 Methods Used to Reduce Variability 24 184.108.40.206 Optimal Site 25 184.108.40.206 Averaging 25 22.214.171.124 Percentage Change Calculation 25 188.8.131.52 Coil Type 26


A history of costume.-History teachers who believe in making the past real and teachers who are engaged in giving instruction in household arts will welcome a volume' devoted to the development of costume. After a chapter on the beginnings of costume in body decoration among primitive peoples, the author traces in successive chapters the evolution of dress from the styles of the early Egyptians through the styles of Asia, Greece, Rome, medieval Europe, France, and America. The author states her purpose as follows: The aim has been to cover the periods of costume as represented by those nations most influential in matters of dress from remote times to the present, emphasizing the most marked of these influences and touching upon minor details. The work deals primarily with the variation and development in the costume of women. Men's dress is also considered, and the most important changes noted and closely followed [p. 7].


In this talk we propose a novel T-gate poly-Si TFT process scheme which can be employed for the construction of advanced system-on-panel products. Several unique features, including T-gate, ingenious doping profile, silicided gate/source/drain, and sidewall air spacers, are combined in the fabricated devices and are beneficial for improving device performance. Principles and skills about the self-aligned formation of these structural features are detailed. Potential merits brought about by the proposed scheme with design considerations in source/drain doping profile specifically for logic and RF devices are also revealed and demonstrated.


This article presents a highly miniaturized ingestible electronic capsule for biochemical detection via onboard genetically engineered biosensor bacteria. The core integrated circuit (IC) is a threshold-based bioluminescence detector with a CMOS-integrated photodiode array in a 65-nm technology that utilizes a dual-duty-cycling front end to achieve low power consumption. The implemented IC achieved 59-nW active power consumption, 25-fA/count resolution, and a 59-fA minimum detectable signal (MDS) using a calibrated optical source. The IC was then integrated with other system components into a battery-powered wireless ingestible capsule measuring just 6.5 mm thick $\times $ 12 mm diameter. We demonstrated successful detection of low-intensity bioluminescent signals from bioengineered bacterial sensors when exposed to the intestinal inflammation biomarker tetrathionate in vitro. Together, the IC and mm-scale smart pill systems demonstrate high sensitivity with low-power multiplexed measurement capability suitable for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.


At the 24 June meeting of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) AIDS Vaccine Research Working Group, Peggy Johnston, head of the NIH AIDS vaccine research effort, outlined a threepronged plan for involvement of NIH and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in VaxGen's completed and ongoing Phase III trials. The plan emerged after VaxGen released data from its USEuropean Phase III study and made the controversial claim that the vaccine showed efficacy in non-white minority groups. In the plan's ongoing first phase, an independent team will re-analyze existing data, looking at factors such as race, risk category and the viral strains that infected volunteers. A second team is discussing potential additional analyses of blood samples, such as broader characterization of antibody responses, and HLA typing. The goal of the third component is "to ensure completion" of the ongoing Phase III trial in Thailand, Johnston said. To achieve this, NIH, CDC and an as-yet unnamed donor will work on statistical analysis of data with Thai investigators and VaxGen. Johnston said that NIH developed this strategy after VaxGen expressed reluctance to invest additional funds in the Thai trial. At the same meeting, VaxGen representative Marc Gurwith said that the company—which already has many samples from the nearlycompleted Thai study—was collaborating fully with the independent data analysis. At press time, precise details of the NIH-initiated consortia, and of VaxGen's role, had not been specified. ◆ HIV is famously the most genetically diverse viral pathogen known—nowhere more so than in Africa—as well as one of the most rapidly mutating. That, plus the uneven global distribution of its nine genetic subtypes, or clades, poses one of the biggest scientific unknowns facing AIDS vaccine developers: is a single, "universal" vaccine against all strains possible? Or will it be necessary to make a slew of different vaccine formulations, each tailored to the most common strains in a given region? Even worse, could it mean that new formulations might be needed regularly, as with flu vaccines? The answer will be key to how quickly, and at what cost, an AIDS vaccine can be widely distributed around the globe once a successful candidate is identified. Manufacturing even a single formulation and getting it out quickly to adults and adolescents soon after it is licensed will be far more complicated and costly than anything the public health field has ever attempted. Doing it with many different formulations, or with repeated updates, would be even more challenging. Nailing down the impact of HIV diversity on vaccine responses is difficult, for several reasons. One is that the current system for classifying HIV diversity is based on genetic sequence, not immune properties, and hasn't been translated into distinct "immunotypes"—which is what really matters for vaccines. While that task is slowly being tackled for epitopes targeting cellular immunity, it may be impossible for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), where clades don't seem to correlate with immune recognition. Another complication is that the clade issue has become highly politicized. Until recently, vaccine development has had a lopsided focus on clade B strains, which dominate the epidemic in industrialized countries but cause only about 12% of infections globAs thousands of people prepare to gather in Nairobi and New York for September's AIDS meetings, a key question for vaccine developers is how to contend with the huge diversity of HIV strains circulating worldwide


Waste drilling fluid is the main pollutant in oil and gas exploration.Synthetically evaluation system is established for environment pollution caused by hazardous substances of drilling fluid additives,biodegradation,bio-toxicity and waste drilling fluid pollution,total monitoring is carried out for non-polluted disposal to realize environment protection.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, independently associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Recent studies suggest that AF is potentially associated with contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing catheterization. However, the association was not conclusive. Thus, we assessed the association between AF in patients with CAD and CIN by a systematic review of the literature and a meta‐analysis.


During the operation in the coal based sponge iron plant, a tremendous amount of heat is generated and significant part of this heat, associated with the waste gas, remains unutilized. It appears worth interesting to modify the process that facilitates the integration of heat available with the waste gas. In the present paper, for the utilization of heat of waste gas, two modifications, namely, case-1 and case-2, are proposed based on preheating of inlet streams. In case-1, preheating of feed material is considered, whereas in case-2, preheating of feed material as well as air is accounted. These cases are then compared with the existing waste heat recovery system of the plant based on coal consumption, operating and capital costs, profit, and payback period. It is found that both cases are better than the existing heat recovery system of the plant. However, case-2 is selected as the best heat recovery option. In comparison to the existing system, case-2 reduces coal and water consumption by 30.5% and 72.6%, respectively. Further, case-2 releases minimum waste gas to the atmosphere that makes the process environment friendly.


Student evaluation of teaching is one of the important ways of independent college teaching quality evaluation, which has a positive practical significance to promote independent college teaching reform, and improve the teaching quality. In recent years, at the same time in the further carry out the work of student evaluation of teaching, more and more problem is highlighted. In this paper, from two aspects of roles and work itself, analysis of the present status of the independent college student evaluation of teaching. On this basis, student evaluation of teaching is introducing the theory of PDCA cycle, which is continuously correcting problems found in student work, optimizing the evaluation working process, , so to promote the communication between teachers and students cooperation, to achieve real actual effect of student appraisal evaluation of teaching


The discrete cosine transform (DCT) based multicarrier system is regarded as one of the complementary multicarrier transmission techniques for 5th Generation (5G) applications in near future. By employing cosine basis as orthogonal functions for multiplexing each real-valued symbol with symbol period of T, it is able to reduce the minimum orthogonal frequency spacing to 1/(2T) Hz, which is only half of that compared to discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based multicarrier systems. Critical to the optimal DCT-based system design that achieves interference-free single-tap equalization, not only both prefix and suffix are needed as symmetric extension of information block, but also a so-called front-end pre-filter is necessarily introduced at the receiver side. Since the pre-filtering process is essentially a time reversed convolution for continuous inputs, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each subcarrier after filtering is enhanced. In this paper, the impact of pre-filtering on the system performance is analyzed in terms of ergodic output SNR per subcarrier. This is followed by reformulated detection criterion where such filtering process is taken into consideration. Numerical results show that under modified detection criteria, the proposed detection algorithms improve the overall bit error rate (BER) performance effectively.