The Island Tower Sky Club is a super high‐rise RC apartment block constructed in Fukuoka City, Japan, which makes inventive use of the most advanced building technologies. The building is 145 m tall with 42 storeys. It is composed of three similar, slender towers with three‐fold rotational symmetry. The towers are connected at three different levels by aerial gardens and contain various vibration control devices to assure a high level of safety. The aerial gardens are connected to the towers by vibration control dampers to reduce the overturning effects of the towers caused by seasonal winds and large earthquakes. An elaborate control system can reduce the storey acceleration response by 30 %. At the upper two storeys of each tower, super‐plastic zincaluminium alloy dampers are also used. To reduce the storey acceleration response, the base of the building is isolated using a hybrid system of bearing supports and dampers. The validity of the control system implemented is confirmed by human power vibration tests conducted at the aerial gardens.


Abstract : This report describes the analysis done by the Marine Environmental Quality Branch (D362), SSC San Diego, in connection with Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Yard's application for a new National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit in April 2000. The purpose of this analysis was to define the likely causes of elevated nitrogen discharges and provide a preliminary ecological risk assessment as to possible impacts upon the local marine ecosystems from the ambient nutrient levels in Pearl Harbor. Three findings discussed in this report are: (1) Pearl Harbor has a medium Dissolved Concentration Potential (DCP) and a medium Particle Retention Efficiency when compared to other estuaries, which indicates an average susceptibility for eutrophication; (2) when adding the best available nitrogen loading estimates to the DCP, the wet and dry season data yield two of the lowest concentration statuses relative to other harbors in the U.S., and (3) incorporation of measured ambient nitrogen concentrations confirms that Pearl Harbor has a medium eutrophication risk. Report assessments recommend future monitoring that may provide long-term data and more focused management response.


This paper considers an arbitrary-order mathematical model that analyzes the syndrome type Middle Eastern Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under the nonsingular Mittag-Leffler derivative. Such types of viruses were transferred from camels to the population of humans in the Arabian deserts. We investigate the said problem for theoretical results and determine the existence of a solution by using the fixed point theory concept. For the approximate solution, the well-known method of iteration arbitrary-order Adams–Bashforth (AB) technique has been used. A numerical scheme is developed for the analyzed problem in the continuation of simulations at different noninteger and natural order for the interval ([Formula: see text]]. The graphical representation shows that all classes show convergence and achieve a stable position with growing time. A good comparative result has been given by the analysis of various noninteger orders with natural orders and achieves stability quickly at fewer non-integer orders.


The paper focuses on ethno-medicine practiced by the Chothe an indigenous tribe of Manipur. They have been practicing ethno-medicine since early days but nowadays their tradition is deteriorating with ignorance of its traditional values. But, few herbs and plants are still used in the treatment of various ailments and diseases till date. There are about 47 ethno-medicinal plants and 8 religious significant plants identified that are considered useful to our fragile health. Most of these plants identified are consumed as daily food items, while some are used for specific remedial purposes in the treatment of certain types of ailments and diseases like fever, cough, asthma, bronchitis, gastritis-ulcer, jaundice, piles, etc. Besides, some of these plants have religious significance too. The changing environmental conditions worldwide have also impacted on their food habits, health and lifestyle which now pose a threat to their existing life.


Introduction. It was previously demonstrated that abnormal neuromuscular function can disturb the development of an optimal dentofacial pattern. Objectives. The role of the present study was to investigate the effect of myofunctional appliances in the interception of malocclusion. Material and method. The role of myofunctional trainers in the interception of malocclusion was evaluated. We present one case treated with T4K and another one with Myobrace, together with the obtained result after a period of maximum 8 months. Results. The cases showed significantly better alignment and occlusion after the myofunctional treatment. Conclusion. Myofunctional therapy can be very useful in intercepting malocclusions and providing initial alignment.


"METER TO MEASURE ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND PROCESS IMPLEMENTED BY ELECTRONIC PROCESSOR FOR MEASURING ELECTRIC ENERGY". It describes an electronic meter (10), which automatically detects the type of service and voltage at which the meter (10) is installed and that either automatically continues its own schedule for the service. An electronic energy meter (10) that allows the addition of new capacity measurements or tests, without requiring modifications to factory to make such changes in functionality, is also described. The meter (10) includes "firmware" which measures the characteristics of the electricity supplied to the meter and generating signals reflective characteristic of measured characteristics of electricity. A processor (16) is connected to receive and process the characteristic signals. The processing of the characteristic signals includes selecting and manipulating certain characteristic signals and generating characteristic information in response to the selection and generating additional characteristic information in response to manipulation. it is preferred that the meter (10) includes a memory (35) having reference information stored therein. In such an embodiment, the manipulation of characteristic signals includes retrieving certain reference information and generate the characteristic information in response to the selected signal and reference information.


Ongoing global warming due to anthropogenic climate change has long been recognized, yet uncertainties regarding how seasonal extremes will change in the future persist. Paleoseasonal proxy data from intervals when global climate differed from today can help constrain how and why the annual temperature cycle has varied through space and time. Records of past seasonal variation in marine temperatures are available in the oxygen isotope values of serially sampled accretionary organisms. The most useful data sets come from carefully designed and computationally robust studies that enable characterization of paleoseasonal parameters and seamless integration with mean annual temperature data sets and climate models. Seasonal data sharpen interpretations of—and quantify overlooked or unconstrained seasonal biases in—the more voluminous mean temperature data and aid in the evaluation of climate model performance. Methodologies to rigorously analyze seasonal data are now available, and the promise of paleoseasonal proxy data for the next generation of paleoclimate research is significant. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 50 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


otic fluid thyroid hormone changes correlate with goiter shrinkage following in utero thyroxine therapy. Fetal Diagn Ther 2016; 39: 222–227. 20. Gruner C, Kollert A, Wildt L, Dorr HG, Beinder E, Lang N. Intrauterine treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism controlled by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in fetal serum: a case report and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther 2001; 16:47–51. 21. Kim MJ, Chae YH, Park SY, Kim MY. Intra-amniotic thyroxine to treat fetal goiter. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:66–70. 22. Ribault V, Castanet M, Bertrand AM, et al. Experience with intraamniotic thyroxine treatment in nonimmune fetal goitrous hypothyroidism in 12 cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3731–3739. 23. Luton D, Huel C, Vuillard E, et al. Assessment of thyroid hormones and androgens in amniotic fluid: clinical interest [in French]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2009; 67:299–305. 24. Cortelazzi D, Morpurgo PS, Zamperini P, Fisher DA, Beck-Peccoz P, Wu SY. Maternal compound W serial measurements for the management of fetal hypothyroidsm. Eur J Endocrinol 1999; 141:570–578. 25. Chen D, Yu H, Bao J, et al. 3,30-Diiodothyronine sulfate cross-reactive material (compound W) in human newborns. Pediatr Res 2012; 72: 521–524. 26. Abuhamad AZ, Fisher DA, Warsof SL, et al. Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: case report and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 6:368–371. 27. Reynolds BC, Simpson JH, Macara L, et al. Goitrous congenital hypothyroidism in a twin pregnancy causing respiratory obstruction at birth: implications for management. Acta Paediatr 2006; 95:1345– 1348. 28. Morine M, Takeda T, Minekawa R, et al. Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of a case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism associated with high-output cardiac failure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 19: 506–509. 29. LaFranchi SH. Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2959– 2967. 30. Weiner S, Scharf JI, Bolognese RJ, Librizzi RJ. Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of a fetal goiter. J Reprod Med 1980; 24:39–42. 31. Namouz-Haddad S, Koren G. Fetal pharmacotherapy 4: fetal thyroid disorders. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2014; 36:60–63. 32. Bakker B, Kempers MJ, De Vijlder JJ, et al. Dynamics of the plasma concentrations of TSH, FT4 and T3 following thyroxine supplementation in congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002; 57: 529–537. 33. Khamisi S, Lindgren P, Karlsson FA. A rare case of dyshormonogenetic fetal goiter responding to intra-amniotic thyroxine injections. Eur Thyroid J 2014; 3:51–56. 34. Miyata I, Abe-Gotyo N, Tajima A, et al. Successful intrauterine therapy for fetal goitrous hypothyroidism during late gestation. Endocr J 2007; 54:813–817. 35. Sagot P, David A, Yvinec M, et al. Intrauterine treatment of thyroid goiters. Fetal Diagn Ther 1991; 6:28–33. 36. Corral E, Reascos M, Preiss Y, Rompel SM, Sepulveda W. Treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: value of direct intramuscular L-thyroxine therapy. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:899–901. 37. Borgel K, Pohlenz J, Holzgreve W, Bramswig JH. Intrauterine therapy of goitrous hypothyroidism in a boy with a new compound heterozygous mutation (Y453D and C800R) in the thyroid peroxidase gene: a long-term follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:857–858. 38. Stoppa-Vaucher S, Francoeur D, Grignon A, et al. Non-immune goiter and hypothyroidism in a 19-week fetus: a plea for conservative treatment. J Pediatr 2010; 156:1026–1029. 39. Takeda T, Suzuki S, Liu RT, DeGroot LJ. Triiodothyroacetic acid has unique potential for therapy of resistance to thyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:2033–2040. 40. Nicolini U, Venegoni E, Acaia B, Cortelazzi D, Beck-Peccoz P. Prenatal treatment of fetal hypothyroidism: is there more than one option? Prenat Diagn 1996; 16:443–448. 41. Abraham RJ, Sau A, Maxwell D. A review of the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure. J Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 30:1–5. 42. Mirsaeid Ghazi AA, Ordookhani A, Pourafkari M, et al. Intrauterine diagnosis and management of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: a report of an Iranian family with three consecutive pregnancies complicated by fetal goiter. Thyroid 2005; 15:1341–1347. 43. Kornacki J, Mrozinski B, Skrzypczak J. A rare case of recurrent fetal goiter. Fetal Diagn Ther 2012; 31:69–72. 44. Carranza D, Van Vliet G, Polak M. Congenital hypothyroidism [in French]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2006; 67:295–302.


Hessenberg decomposition is the basic tool used in computational linear algebra to approximate the eigenvalues of a matrix. In this article, we generalize Hessenberg decomposition to continuous matrix fields over topological spaces. This works in great generality: the space is only required to be normal and to have finite covering dimension. As applications, we derive some new structure results on self-adjoint matrix fields, we establish some eigenvalue separation results, and we generalize to all finite-dimensional normal spaces a classical result on trivial summands of vector bundles. Finally, we develop a variant of Hessenberg decomposition for fields of bounded operators on a separable, infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.


The generation of auto‐aggressive T cells involves failure of central or peripheral tolerance. We previously demonstrated that peripheral CD4loCD40+ T cells give rise to pathogenic T cells in the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) model. Here we show that peripheral CD4+CD40+ T cells from diabetic or pre‐diabetic NOD mice induce insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Consistent with breach of peripheral tolerance, CD4loCD40+ T cells expand with age in NOD mice but not in MHC‐matched non‐obese resistant (NOR) or BALB/c controls. Suggestive of a causal role for CD40 in autoimmunity, blocking CD40–CD154 interactions early during NOD development prevents autoaggressive T cell expansion while promoting increases in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Importantly, CD40 signals promote expansion of Vα3.2+ and Vα8.3+ T cells. Furthermore, peripheral Vα3.2+CD40+ T cells induce diabetes in NOD.scid recipients while Vα8.3+ T cells or Vα3.2+‐depleted T cell populations do not. This is the first demonstration that primary T cells transfer disease with the kinetics of auto‐aggressive T cell clones and that specific TCR Vα expansion promotes diabetes.


This chapter sketches out some of the features of the encounter between media theory and Greco-Roman antiquity in two complementary ways: as a field of knowledge awaiting further systematic exploration and analysis, but also as a set of methods that under the banner of 'cultural transmission' brings together practices for producing and processing knowledge that are fundamental to the way in which ancient cultures become 'classical'. The discussion begins with the concept of the medium and the promise it holds for analytical work in the study of the past. It then moves on to the role of mediation in thinking about the cultural significance of communication across time and perception. It continues with a consideration of classical studies and media studies as disciplines, focusing on the kinds of research that can be pursued at their intersection. The chapter concludes with an overview of the contributions that follow.


This paper presents laboratory experiments on scale models of marina breakwaters conducted to assess the effectiveness of an overspill basin in reducing wave overtopping. Six different breakwater models were tested under eight different wave conditions. The comparisons between the overtopping measurements on a classical shaped breakwater model and those conducted on models characterized by the inclusion of overspill basins have proved the effectiveness of this new design. Moreover, increasing the height of the wave wall up to the value that induces the same reduction of the overtopping obtained by the inclusion of overspill basins is also reviewed. Some analysis on mean overtopping discharges as well as analysis on maximum overtopping volumes are reported.


The Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) Science Team, and the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) recently announced the release of CAR data for multiple scientific missions. These data sets consist of measurements of spectral radiance acquired by the CAR instrument. The CAR has been deployed on research aircrafts during numerous field campaigns around the world, with measurements spanning from years 1991 to 2017. These data may be used to evaluate the ability of analytical models to reproduce observed directional signatures and to develop bidirectional reflectance-distribution function (BRDF) models that are suitable for sub-kilometer- scale satellite observations over both homogeneous and heterogeneous landscape types around the world. All of the data are now public and accessible in netCDF-4 format. The full suite of CAR data products are available at the GES DISC. (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=CAR).


We present here the performance of a simultaneous dual-species matter-wave accelerometer for measuring the differential acceleration between two different atomic species ($^{87}$Rb and $^{85}$Rb). We study the expression and the extraction of the differential phase from the interferometer output. The differential accelerometer reaches a short-term sensitivity of $1.23\times10^{-7}g/\sqrt{Hz}$ limited by the detection noise and a resolution of $2\times10^{-9}g$ after 11000 s, the highest reported thus far with a dual-species atom interferometer to our knowledge. Thanks to the simultaneous measurement, such resolution levels can still be achieved even with vibration levels up to $3\times10^{-3}g$, corresponding to a common-mode vibration noise rejection ratio of 94 dB (rejection factor of 50 000). These results prove the ability of such atom sensors for realizing a quantum based test of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) at a level of $\eta\sim10^{-9}$ even with high vibration levels and a compact sensor.


Over the past decade, gravitational wave detectors have undergone dramatic transitions in both sensitivity and scale — from laboratory-sized resonant bar detectors to kilometer-length-scale laser interferometers. The construction and operation of largescale laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer as well as others have enabled searches for extra-galactic gravitational waves with unprecedented range and sensitivity. Here, we review the present state of the global laser-interferometric gravitational wave detector network, highlight the results of recent science runs, and provide a preview of the state of the network in the coming decade and beyond.


A temperature field model of MIG bead weld was set up and it was used for temperature computations by using the double ellipsoid heat sources.Taking account of the impact of temperature on the material properties and heat dissipation from its surface and using the adaptive grid technology,a numeric analysis of model was performed and the transient temperature field of the welding process as well as the thermal cycle curve for the characteristic points on the back of workpiece were got.Experiment of MIG bead weld was conducted and thermal cycle curves of the corresponding points were got by using thermoelectric couple and its results were compared to those of simulation computation.The results showed that calculated and experimental results were basically the same,and the model of MIG bead weld was accurate and the finite element solution was feasible.


Discussing some essential issues of nuclear safety, describing briefly the change of international nuclear safety concept in recent period, and explaining how to considering some factors for determining reasonable safety level of nuclear power plant and suggestion of nuclear power development approach in China.


ABSTRACT Background Public transportation plays an essential role in the social participation of people living with a communication disability. However, the attitudes and communication skills of public transport drivers may influence access to the service. A communication partner training programme offered to public transportation staff may help drivers better interact with people living with a communication disability. Aims To explore the effects of communication partner training on adapted transport drivers: 1) knowledge about communication and strategies to use with persons living with a communication disability, 2) relational communication, and 3) communication behaviours with passengers living with a communication disability in authentic communication contexts. Methods & Procedures An exploratory single group naturalistic design was used. Thirteen drivers were provided with a novel communication partner training programme. Participants' knowledge about communication with individuals living with a communication disability was assessed with written situational scenarios presenting passengers with either an expressive, receptive, or pragmatic communication profile. Videos of the participants interacting with passengers living with a communication disability during real-life trips were captured and analysed using the Relational Communication Scale. The videos were further analysed to determine if the participants' use of gestures had changed after training. Paired-sample t-tests were undertaken for each measure to identify any post-training changes. Outcomes & Results Drivers' knowledge about communication with people living with a communication disability significantly increased after training. Also, significant behavioural changes occurred in drivers post-training videos as indicated by the better evaluation of all dimensions of the Relational Communication Scale and the increased use of gestures. Emblematic gestures were the most frequently employed. Conclusions This study suggests that the communication partner training programme for adapted transport drivers could improve their communication with people living with a communication disability. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings and further determine their external validity.


Miniaturization of biomedical sensors has increased the importance of microsystem technology in medical applications, particularly microelectronics and micromachining. This paper presents a new approach to biomedical monitoring and analysis of selected human cognitive processes. The proposed technique measures human skin conductivity and heart rate using a dedicated measurement system which offers continuous bio-monitoring in a completely safe and non-invasive manner. This technique also has no undesired influence on natural physiological processes. The main goal is monitoring of the psycho-galvanic reflex (PGR) of the human skin that might be very useful for human stress diagnosis that is performed in different medical as well as psychological experiments.


Introduction: Farmers are at lower risk to develop digestive cancer. However, it is a population frequently exposed to carcinogens, with exposure variability within the different agricultural activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of digestive cancer declaration according to the agricultural activity among French farmers. Methods: All farmers registered at least once to the social security system of French agricultural workers "Mutualite sociale agricole" (MSA) between January 2006 and December 2016 were included. In this population, declarations of digestive cancers as Long Term Disease (LTD), , were recorded from January 2012 to December 2016, specifying for each of them the subtype of cancer according to the ICD-10 classification. Using logistic models, the associations between declaration of digestive cancers and agricultural activities were studied and expressed in the form of Odds Ratio. Results: Among 899,212 farmers included, 4,438 digestive cancers were reported. The risk of developing digestive cancer was increased in wine growers (OR=1.28 [95% CI 1.16-1.42]), mainly related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR=1.21 [95% CI 1.09-1.35]). An increased risk of small bowel cancer was also identified but of limited statistical significance (OR=2.19 [95% CI 1.31-3.67]). In addition, a lower risk of reporting digestive cancer was found among cereal crops (OR=0.87 [95% CI 0.8-0.95]), supported by a reduced risk of reporting stomach cancer (OR=0.6 [95% CI 0.45-0.81]). Conclusion : Our results suggest an increased risk of digestive cancer declaration among French wine growers, mainly supported by colorectal cancer. They also suggest a lower risk of digestive cancer among cereal crop growers, mainly gastric cancer.


This article summarises the most recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for healthcare professionals caring for women during labour and birth.1 It defines the care that women who are at low risk of complications in labour at term should expect to receive, and therefore it relates to most women giving birth in the United Kingdom.

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, a range of consensus techniques is used to develop recommendations. In this summary, recommendations derived primarily from consensus techniques are indicated with an asterisk (*).

### General principles

### Place of birth


A complete understanding of any human infection requires knowledge of the toxins or antigens that the organisms release in vivo during the disease process. Until recently, discovery of these substances has tended to be on a chance basis. Demonstration of the resolution and sensitivity of antigenantibody reactions in agar gels (e.g. 1, 2) has opened the way to a rational analysis of the total number of antibody responses occurring after a given infection, and thereby the total number of antigens or toxins released by the organisms during its residence in the tissues. These immunological tools also furnish the means for following the purification of each of the antigens thus shown to be released in ~4vo when human convalescent serum, or its equivalent, is used as the source of detecting antibodies. Studies of this sort with human streptococcal infections have been carried out during recent years in this laboratory (3-8). I t has been found that sera from patients with rheumatic fever are very rich in precipitating antibodies to extracellular streptococcal products, but contain few if any to cellular extracts prepared from the same strain. These observations have since been confirmed (9-11, 27, 28). I t appears from these data that non-type-specific cellular antigens often do not reach antibody forming sites in significant amounts during human disease, while extracellular ones do so in great numbers. I t was found that a high proportion of sera from non-rheumatic patients without recent histories of upper respiratory infections also contained antibodies to some of the streptococcal extracellular products, although many fewer than were seen with sera from rheumatic fever subjects. For this reason, normal pooled human gamma globulin, such as is used for the prophylaxis of measles or poliomyelitis, was also tested against streptococcal products. A number of different globulin samples were shown to be extraordinarily rich in antibodies against the extracellular secretions and to be poor in antibodies against cellular components.


IN a critical review of contemporary directions in the study of American cultural history, David Davis has pointed out that the American Studies movement has characteristically produced works that "expose a contradiction or cluster of tensions embedded within the culture itself as the result of an interplay between past choices and commitments and new ideas or situations." Many of these literary studies have been alert to the way in which symbols and myths have concealed or accommodated conflicts in belief and value: the myths of the West or of the American Adam; the pastoral ideal of the middle landscape between primitive nature and urban civilization; the image of Europe as the Old World; and the contrary types of Cavalier and Yankee as stand-ins for the American character. But


In indoor environments, the presence of people and dynamic objects is a common occurrence. In autonomous navigation, this proposes a challenge since such objects have unpredictable behavior. This affects the robots' navigation, often requiring re-planning. Having the knowledge about which regions of the map are more densely occupied by those objects can help in decision-making. In this paper, we propose a method that creates a Crowd-Based Dynamic Blockage layer using semantic information. This map represents regions that are potentially difficult to navigate due to their concentration on those obstacles. We also propose a strategy to track such obstacles and update the map continuously. Finally, the robot can decide whether a region is suitable to navigate or whether alternative paths must be chosen. Our experiments show that the Crowd-Based Dynamic Blockage can successfully improve planning in this environment.


Technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and algorithms have a growing impact on how our society and worlds of work are organised and function. This paper aims to examine inequality and marginalisation in the digital age and challenges how the emphasis on technological innovations in the future of work could overlook issues that persist in the opportunity structure of societal institutions and the global economy. This paper focuses on the impact of increased precarity and insecurity of work on marginalised young people, and thereby question how future imaginings of work and skills may reinforce deep-rooted exclusions of the most disadvantaged in society.


In this paper, the design of a global state feedback controller is designed for a class of uncertain T-S fuzzy systems by means of parallel distributed compensator technique and linear matrix inequality technique. The pole of closed-loop system can be placed in a Pre-specified sector region so that the systems satisfy prescribed dynamic performance. At last the existent conditions of solution are expressed via LMI. So the feedback gain matrix can be obtained easily by solving the LMI. The example shows that the method is feasible and effective.


The popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks makes them an attractiv e target to the creators of viruses and other malicious code. Recently a number of viruses designed specifically to spread via P 2P networks have emerged. Pollution has also become increasingly prevalent as copyright holders inject multiple decoy versio ns n order to impede item distribution. In this paper we derive deterministic epidemiological models for the propagation of a P2 P virus propagates through a P2P network and the dissemination of pollution. We report on discrete simulations that provide so me verification that the models remain sufficiently accurate despite variations in individual peer behaviour to provide insigh t in the system. The paper examines the steady-state behaviour and illustrates how the models may be used to estimate in a computatio nally efficient manner how effective object reputation schemes will be in mitigating the impact of viruses and preventing th e spread of pollution. I. I NTRODUCTION Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have become increasingly vuln erable to malicious behaviour, including the disseminatio n of pollutedversions of files and the release of P2P viruses. Early P2P net works such as Napster focussed exclusively on media files, so propagation of viruses was difficult to achieve [1]. Contemporary P2P networks such as Kazaa / Fastrack [2] and eDonkey2000 [3] can be used to disseminate executable files a nd are hence much more susceptible, particularly as the mainstream adoption of P2P file exchange—the eDonkey2000 net work alone typically has over 2 million users connected at any given time [4]—means that a significant fraction of user s lack the technical knowledge to detect suspicious files or s can for viruses. The phenomenon of pollution, the presence of corrupted (or " bad") versions of items (songs, movies or multimedia files) in P2P networks, has become increasingly prevalent. Some of these versions are made available by accident, as users make errors in file generation. But the dominant cause is delibera te dissemination of decoy files, termed item poisoningin [5], a technological mechanism employed by copyright holders and their agents to impede the distribution of content. These de coy files have names and metadata matching those of the genuine it em, but contain corrupted, unreadable or inappropriate dat a. Whether accidental or deliberate, pollution has rendered a s ubstantial portion of the files on popular P2P networks unusa ble. In this paper we examine the behaviour of viruses and polluti n in P2P networks. We adopt a epidemiological approach, developing dynamic models to describe the evolution of infe ction/pollution. We consider the stochastic nature of the s ystem during our development of the models, but our models are dete rministic and focus on the expected behaviour of the system. We illustrate that these deterministic models are sufficien tly accurate to capture the behaviour of P2P networks, by com parison with more realistic simulations that model individual peer s. Our initial purpose is to model the impact of malicious code o n a P2P network, but a primary motivation is to examine how effective the introduction of mitigation techniques mi ght be. In particular, we focus on object reputationschemes (such as Credence [6]) and methods that increase the rate of elimin ation of infected files. Our model provides an analytical met hod for determining (at least approximately) how widespread th e adoption of such schemes must be, and how effective they mus t be, in order that specific targets of residual pollution or in fection be achieved. We validate these specifications throu gh more accurate simulation of the networks. The paper is structured as follows. In the remainder of the in troduction, we highlight the salient features of P2P networ ks, viruses and pollution, and discuss related work. Section II presents a model for the expected evolution of a virus in the s ystem. In Section IV, we analyze the steady-state behaviour of our P 2P virus model. Section V presents an epidemiological model for the proliferation of pollution. Section VII reports on a n empirical study of the e-Donkey network, which we conducte d to identify suitable parameters for the examination of our mod els. Section VI examines the impact of object reputation sch emes. Section VIII reports on discrete-time simulations of the P2 P network, which provide a validation that the deterministi c models capture the primary characteristics of system evolution de spit ignoring the variability in behaviour of individual p eers. Finally, Section IX draws conclusions based on our analysis and resul ts.


Introduction: The independent actions of students is the main method of work during the pregraduation traineeship. This is the reason why the pre-graduation traineeship demands high responsibility, independence and adaptability of trainee nurses. Students' independent actions are one of the most important components of the pre-graduation traineeship. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the significance of students' independent actions as an indicator of the rising level of knowledge, skills and habits necessary for the professional development of the future nurses during the pre-graduation traineeship. Materials and Methods: Two groups of respondents were surveyed: Students аt Medical UniversityPlovdiv, Trakia University St. Zagora-MF, Branch-Haskovo; University "Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov"Bourgas and mentors from the educational bases at the University Hospital "St. Georgi"Plovdiv, Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment-JSC-Haskovo, University Hospital "Dr At. Dafovski"Kardzhali. Results: According to all the trainees who took part in the study, the best conditions for independent actions are available during the pre-graduate traineeship. In this way students work on a schedule, and under the guidance of the mentor they do different activities independently and / or under control of the mentor. Trainee nurses are assigned independent actions according to their knowledge and skills and the specifics of the sector. As a result of the independent actions trainees acquire orientation skills in complicated practical situations and apply the gained knowledge in their independent practical


This paper examines the 'senselessness' and 'meaningfulness' of some English (verbal/ non-verbal) expressions. The paper thus, sets to consider the notion of 'making sense' from three different perspectives: the sense of signs and symbols, affixation and the alphabet. Two linguistic approaches are adopted to carry out this study; grammar and semantics. In grammar and as generally acclaimed, a sentence is a group of words formed in accordance to the grammatical rules of a language in order to make a complete sense to both the speaker and the hearer (Kroeger,2006:4;Thakur,2007:8;Kreidler,1998:27&Kroeger,2006:5). In semantics, the expression, 'making sense' is a significant phenomenon. Thus, the paper discovers that the definition of a sentence as generally acclaimed is too exclusive. This is because there are some English expressions which though not expressed in sentence forms, still meet the criterion of 'making a complete sense'. However, the definition of a sentence as earlier stated, does not rule out the 'senselessness' of a sentence because the expression 'It is hot' for example, is only meaningful in certain context but senseless because there is a zero argument between 'It' and 'is hot'(Kreidler,1998:68).The paper concludes by saying that 'senselessness' and 'meaningfulness' are intertwined because some senseless expressions can make meaning.


The Taguchi Method of Experimental Design was utilized to parametrically assess the effects of four variables in cell configuration on performance of spirally wound lithium oxyhalide D cells. This approach utilizes fractional factorial designs requiring a fraction of the number of experiments required of full factorial experiments. The Taguchi approach utilizes ANOVA analysis for calculating the percent contribution of each factor to battery performance as well as main effects of each factor. The four factors investigated in this study were the electrolyte type, the electrolyte concentration, the depolarizer type, and the mechanical cell design. The effects of these four factors on 1A constant current discharge, low temperature discharge, start-up, and shelf-life were evaluated. The factor having the most significant effect on cell performance was the electrolyte type.


THE ARTICLE IS DEVOTED TO THE COMBINED PATHOLOGY IN CHILDHOOD,NAMELY A COMBINATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. THE AUTHORS HIGHLIGHTED THE KEY THEORIES OF THE DISEASE ETIOPATHOGENESIS UNDER ALTERNATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. THEY ALSO HIGHLIGHTED THE RESULTS OF THEIROWN STUDIES.KEY WORDS: BRONCHIAL ASTHMA, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUXDISEASE, CHILDREN.


Suboptimal diet quality is among the leading factors associated with death and disability in the United States1 and globally.2 Strategies to address suboptimal diet focus on nutrition education through dietary guidelines and food package labeling. However, this approach places responsibility for healthier diets on an individual's ability to make informed choices rather than addressing the complex, powerful environmental determinants of dietary habits. Not surprisingly, this strategy has fallen short, as demonstrated by the increasing rates of obesity, diabetes, and other diet-related illness. Atthesametime,thehealthcaresystemhasprioritized medications, devices, and procedures to treat rather than preventdiseasesandtheirriskfactors.Thesesophisticated technologies have helped reduce cardiovascular mortality, butatsubstantialcost.Healthcareexpenseshaveincreased rapidly in the United States and now represent about 18% ofgrossdomesticproduct—nearly1 inevery5dollars—with a large fraction related to chronic disease. The current economic burdens of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, 2 of many diseases predominantly caused by poor diet quality, are estimated to approach $700 billion per year.3,4 In view of the potent external influences on dietary choices and the unsustainable costs of increasing chronic disease, more active policy interventions are needed to help individuals adopt healthier diets. Policy approaches have proven crucial for other public health priorities, such as reducing tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and deaths from motor vehicle crashes.5 For example, mortality from motor vehicle crashes was not reduced by driver education alone or by labeling cars with information on crash risk, but instead by comprehensive, multicomponent policies addressing the driver, the car, and the road. The current epidemic of nutrition-related disease requires a similar multifaceted approach. Amongvariousoptions,foodpricingstrategies including taxation and subsidies may be effective and marketfriendly mechanisms for influencing dietary behavior.5 Such strategies incentivize healthier options while still allowing for consumer choice, in contrast to bans or restrictions that may be perceived as intrusive. Notably, the combination of taxation (to reduce selection of unhealthy foods) and subsidies (to increase selection of healthful foods) offers a balanced, evidence-based approach. Insufficiencyofhealthfulfoodsproducessubstantialpopulation health burdens, possibly larger than excesses of unhealthful foods/nutrients.1,2 For example, inadequate intakes of minimally processed foods such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, fish, and whole grains together are associated with larger proportions of global death and disability than excess intakes of saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium.2 Therefore, subsidies comprise an essential component of an effective pricing strategy to actively promote consumption of healthful foods. In addition, a subsidy component minimizes the regressive nature of taxation alone; indeed, food costs for many individuals could decline with healthier choices in this system. Higher-quality diets typically cost more than lower-quality diets—on average, about $1.50 more per person per day6—providing a short-term financial disincentive to eat healthfully. Existing empirical evidence suggests that a combined tax and subsidy ranging from 10% to 30% would have a meaningful influence on dietary choices.5 Over time, the tax subsidy scheme could be calibrated to be broadly revenue neutral. Most prior food tax proposals have targeted one or a limited number of food products; for instance, sugarsweetened beverages. Although meritorious, those proposals do not address the full public health challenge of poor diets and diet-related disease, which arise from fundamentally unhealthful eating patterns across a range of beverage and food categories. An alternative, potentially more effective approach is to institute a meaningful tax on nearlyallpackagedretailfoodsandmanychainrestaurants, using the proceeds to subsidize inherently more healthful (and underconsumed) minimally processed foods and also healthier meals for children (Table). More highly processed foods have been linked to risk of chronic disease through numerous mechanisms.7 Thus, this combined approach, with incentives and disincentives, could address both excesses and deficiencies in the prevailing diet. The purpose of taxes and subsidies would be to improve overall dietary patterns, not reduce total calories. Emerging evidence suggests that a primary emphasis on diet quality may be effective in long-term prevention of obesity.8 Moreover, independent of body weight, diet quality has substantial influence on risk of chronic diseases.9 Therefore, diet composition focusing on foods and diet patterns, not individual nutrients or calories, represents a more actionable, evidence-based target. Health benefits of such a pricing policy could be further accentuated by public awareness campaigns and other policies, supported by the tax revenue, to increase demand for and availability of healthier foods. At the population level, even modest resulting dietary improvements could help reduce the burden of chronic disease significantly. Prior interventions to alter national diets by increasing healthful and decreasing harmful components have been associated with significant reductions in levels of cardiometabolic risk factors and rates of chronic disease.5 The resulting economic benefits of a comprehensive food pricing strategy could be even more significant, including potential major reductions in direct health care expenditures and possible improvements in economic productivity. In addition, this approach could have broad benefits in low-income and minority populations, for whom conventional educationVIEWPOINT


This paper demonstrates advanced packaging concepts for highly integrated encapsulated millimeter-wave modules. Millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MIMIC) are flip-chip mounted on top of a LTCC package (low temperature co-fired ceramic). This type of "smart package" can integrate all kinds of passive functions as well as compact interconnections between MIMIC and vertical feedthroughs. The bottom side of this package is connected via a standard ball grid array (BGA) to a low-cost laminate PCB serving as motherboard for multiple LTCC modules. Fabricated LTCC test structures and LTCC test packages provide good performance up to about 30 GHz.


BACKGROUND
 There is growing evidence that digital patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires and PRO-based decision support tools may help improve the active engagement of People with Diabetes (PWD) in their own care and improve the quality of care. However, many barriers exist for the implementation and real-world effectiveness of such PRO tools in routine care, and limited research has evaluated their acceptability, feasibility, and benefits across different healthcare settings.

 OBJECTIVE
 This pilot study aims to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived benefits of the Danish digital PRO diabetes tool in different healthcare settings in Denmark and factors affecting implementation. Furthermore, the study will evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Danish PRO diabetes questionnaire and the validity of the scoring algorithms for dialogue support. The purpose of the study is to guide ongoing optimization of the PRO diabetes tool, implementation, and design of future randomized controlled effectiveness studies.

 METHODS
 A multi-center, mixed-method, single-arm pilot acceptability-feasibility implementation study protocol was designed to contribute to the real-world pilot test of a new digital PRO diabetes tool in routine diabetes care. The use of the tool involves two main steps. In the first step, the PWD completes a digital PRO diabetes questionnaire in the days prior to a routine diabetes visit covering multiple topics such as psychological well-being, social support, daily life with diabetes, self-management symptoms, medicine experience, and personal priorities. In the second step, the health care professional (HCP) uses a digital PRO tool to review the PRO results together with PWD during the visit. The PRO diabetes tool is designed to facilitate an active role for the PWD in his/her own care and facilitate delivery of person-centered, collaborative, and coordinated care.
The aim is to recruit a minimum of 500 PWD and 30 HCPs (nurses, physicians, dietitians, and physiotherapists) with multiple sites representing municipality-based diabetes rehabilitation and education services, specialized outpatient hospital-based diabetes care and primary practice respectively. Both qualitative and quantitative data are collected and used for mixed-method analysis using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework. PWD complete Likert-scale evaluation questionnaires after self-completing the PRO questionnaire and after their diabetes visit, and a subset take part in structured interviews for 30-45 minutes after their visit. HCPs complete evaluation questionnaires and free-text forms after each diabetes visit and take part in semi-structured 4-5 hour workshops evaluating their experience with PRO. Each site completes center evaluation forms regarding resources and organization as well as approaches to PRO and person-centered care. Mixed-method evaluative and exploratory analyses will be used to characterize primary outcomes. Qualitative and quantitative analyses will be applied to examine associations between the use and impacts of PRO and individual, HCP, and center factors.

 RESULTS
 A multi-center pilot study protocol and digital data collection tools for evaluation were developed and deployed as part of a national evaluation of a new digital PRO diabetes intervention

 CONCLUSIONS
 A large-scale mixed-method multi-center study to evaluate the use of the nationally developed PRO diabetes questionnaire in routine care across all health care sectors in Denmark using the RE-AIM model as framework has been designed and is ongoing. More than 550 people with diabetes and 31 health professionals have completed the study at this time.
The study is expected to provide new important and detailed information the real-world acceptability and perceived relevance and benefits of the PRO diabetes tool among a large heterogenous population of people with diabetes in Denmark and HCP in different care settings. The results will be used to further improve the PRO tool, design implementation facilitation support strategies and future effectiveness research.


This study aimed to compare about the effect of accounting earning and cash flow components to stock return in Indonesia & Malaysia. The variables examined in this research are accounting earning, cash flow from operating activity, cash flow from investing activity, and cash flow from financing activity.
The samples for this research are industrial company non consumer goods listed in Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) and FTSE Bursa Malaysia EMAS Shariah Index (FBMS) 2013-2016. This research used purposive sampling method to determine the samples and obtained 46 companies for Indonesia & 75 companies for Malaysia. Statistic descriptive, classical assumptions, multiple regression, F test, coefficient of determination, t test, and chow test are used to analyze the data.
The result of this research is only cash flow from operating activity that has positive effect to stock return in Indonesia.


Data were collected through the use of a preliminary questionnaire andfollowup interviews of personnel in five operating foundations. From these data, basic models are proposed that attempt to define the different ways in which operating foundations adapt to differences in funding sources. The data are used to compare the decision-making process used by operating foundations with that used by government agencies involved in parks and recreation operation.


Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common condition, occurring in up to 25% of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) [1]. It is associated with significant morbidity and up to 60% in-hospital mortality in its most severe form, necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT) [2]. In the absence of effective pharmacological therapy, the treatment of patients with AKI is predominantly supportive, managing haemodynamic and volume status, correcting electrolyte and acid–base disturbances, providing adequate nutrition and adjusting drug doses. In patients with sustained, severe renal failure, RRT is indicated for the management of volume overload, hyperkalaemia, acidosis and symptoms of uraemia while awaiting the recovery of kidney function. Most clinicians are convinced that RRT is life saving and not starting RRT will lead to death in severely ill AKI patients, but data are lacking to support this opinion. Conservative treatment for AKI has only been considered as the treatment option for less severe patients. In recent years, several controlled studies [3–7] and metaanalysis [8–10 ]s howed similar benefit with continuous and intermittent dialysis modalities. Critics of the published studies, however, pointed to different shortcomings in these studies [11, 12]. However, hard data remain absent or conflictive regarding when to start dialytic therapy and what constitutes the appropriate dose [13]. In 2011, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for AKI was developed, aiming to assist practitioners caring for adults and children at risk for or with AKI [14]. They recommend to initiate RRT emergently when life-threatening changes in fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance exist. Continuous RRT (CRRT) and intermittent RRT (IRRT) are considered as complementary therapies, but they suggest using CRRT, rather than standard IRRT, for haemodynamically unstable patients. The dose of RRT to be delivered should be prescribed before starting each session of RRT. KDIGO recommend delivering a Kt/V of 3.9/week when using IRRT or extended RRT and an effluent volume of 20–25 mL/kg/h for CRRT. This will usually require a higher prescription of effluent volume. Numerous modalities of RRT can be used in the treatment of patients with AKI. These include various modalities of intermittent haemodialysis (IHD), of CRRT, 'hybrid' modalities such as sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED), that combine aspects of both conventional IHD and CRRT, and peritoneal dialysis. Although there are many arguments favouring the use of continuous therapies in critically ill patients with AKI [15], the predominance of current evidence does not support a benefit of CRRT compared with IRRT. Nonetheless, the use of CRRT versus IRRT remains a subject of ongoing controversy, in particular because studies of modality must


ABSTRACT "Candidatus Arthromitus" sp. strain SFB-mouse-NL (SFB, segmented filamentous bacteria) is a commensal bacterium necessary for inducing the postnatal maturation of homeostatic innate and adaptive immune responses in the mouse gut. Here, we report the genome sequence of this bacterium, which sets it apart from earlier sequenced mouse SFB isolates.


At the present when studying Sukhomlinski's educational theories,we should localize the theories and practice in China instead of taking them as school's outward appearance.We should learn from Sukhomlinski about his love for children and persistence towards education career,his noble character of independent reflection and insisting on truth,children-oriented educational ideology and practical and realistic spirit towards scientific research.Nevertheless,what we should learn from him first is the purity of his educational faith.


In assessing the value of the care process, rather than a simple price, tracking the medical treatment of patients who carried the care process, to evaluate the value in cost of the entire process. Eliminates unrelated to the focused care process care process, and clustered into homogeneous groups clinically meaningful, the evaluation of the care process of interest for each homogeneous group set. Therefore, by using the output of medical knowledge extraction unit, and outputs the calculated and related data the importance of clinical data, clustering patient clinical data, and outputs the clinical indicators and cost for each clustered groups.


Objective It is to observe the China oak silkworm liquid's function of obviating alcoholic fatty degeneration.Methods 40 Kunming rats were divided into 4 groups randomly.The China oak male silkworm liquid of high and low dosage was given to the rats in the treatment groups everyday(the dilution was 1∶2 and 1∶4).20 days later,all the rats were put to death 12 hour after fasting diet to get their vein blood and liver tissue.The tissue under microscope was observed and scored.TG,TC,ALT,AST in blood serum were determined,and the content of MDA,activity of SOD in mitochondria of liver cells were determined by TBA method.Results In model group,the fatty degeneration of liver tissue was obvious,and the levels of ALT,AST,MDA were obviously higher and the activity of SOD was lower than that in normal group(P0.05).Compared win model group,fatty degeneration in China oak silkworm liquid group was obviously improved(P0.05),especially in the low dosage group(P0.01).The level of MDA lowed down and the activity of SOD rose up(P0.05).Compared with model group,the contents of ALT and AST decreased in low dose group(P0.05),but in high dose group there was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion The male China oak silkworm liquid can improve lipid peroxidation of mitochondria in liver cells,and has a certain extent protecting function on fatty degeneration induced by alcohol.


This paper recommends that the development of deciduous teeth in patients with extensive unilateral clefts should be studied by reference to jaw models and compared with results obtained by Heckmann in a series of investigations of regular sets of deciduous teeth and that such studies should be made on the model of those which were conducted, in recent years, by workers at the Rostock Department of Orthopedic Stomatology and which were concerned with questions associated with the normal development of dentures.


The aim of this research is to investigate the difference of child bearing culture and demographic control among marginalized and non-marginalized zones and the factors influencing on it at Ahwaz city. For this purpose, the survey method was used. The population was consisted of all the women aged 15-49 who were living in both marginalized and nonmarginalized zones during conducting this study. The samples were taken as cluster sampling and the sample size were calculated by Cochran formula as 384 subjects with 0.05 errors. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and parametric t test. The following results were obtained: The mean childbearing at the Ahwaz-marginalized zone was equal to 4.36 children, whereas the reproducing rate in the non-marginalized regions was1.36 children. Therefore, the first hypothesis was confirmed. The mean fertility at the ages under 18 years in the marginalized zones was 18.60 years in comparison with 25.95 years in the non-marginalized ones. Hence, the second hypothesis was confirmed. The other result from this research is that the mean bearing at the ages above 35 years at the marginalized zones was equal to 23.70, while in the non-marginalized zones it was 28.48 years. The standard deviation at the marginalized region was 11.96 percent as compared to 8.10 percent in the non-marginalized zones. Thus, the third hypothesis was confirmed. The mean son-liking at the marginalized zones was 1.46 percent in comparison of 1.52 at the non-marginalized zones. Therefore, the fourth hypothesis was rejected. The other result is that the variable mean of spacing between children in the marginalized zones was 2.31 in comparison of that of 4.02 at the non-marginalized ones. Thus, the fifth hypothesis was confirmed. Finally, the mean consulting to healthcare center in the marginalized regions was 1.26 percent, while at non-marginalized ones it was 1.07 percent. Hence, the sixth hypothesis was confirmed. At the end, the results and recommendations were presented.


Traditional researches often focus on the abnormal visual cognitive ability of people with developmental dyslexia.In the past,there were few researches on dyslexia people's visual cognitive ability in China;moreover,they all used plane materials,not stereograms.In the present research,we conducted an experiment with stereograms which included impossible figures and tested the ability of subjects with developmental dyslexia.The results showed that when plane materials which included impossible figures were employed in the testing task,subjects with developmental dyslexia had similar scores to those of the control group,and that when we used impossible figures on the basis of Penrose Triangle Principia,subjects with developmental dyslexia in Chinese context had significantly greater correctness than the control group.


Background: Kawasaki disease exhibits a distinct seasonality, and short-term changes in weather may affect its occurrence. Methods: To investigate the effects of weather variability on the occurrence of this syndrome, we conducted a time-between-events analysis of consecutive admissions for Kawasaki disease to a large pediatric hospital in Chicago. We used gamma regression to model the times between admissions. This is a novel application of gamma regression to model the time between admissions as a function of subject-specific covariates. Results: We recorded 723 admissions in the 18-year (1986–2003) study period, of which 700 had complete data for analysis. Admissions for Kawasaki disease in Chicago were seasonal: The mean time between admissions was 34% shorter (relative time = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.54–0.81) from January–March than from July–September. In 1998, we recorded a larger number of admissions for Kawasaki disease (n = 65) than in other years (mean n = 37). January–March months of 1998 were warmer by a mean of 3°C (1.5°C–4.4°C) and the mean time between admissions was 48% shorter (relative time = 0.52, 0.36–0.75) than in equivalent periods of other study years. Conclusions: Our findings show that atypical changes in weather affect the occurrence of Kawasaki disease and are compatible with a link to an infectious trigger. The analysis of interevent times using gamma regression is an alternative to Poisson regression in modeling a time series of sparse daily counts.


1. "During Winter, sea ice in the Russian and Canadian quadrants grows until it hits the coast. Very little change can be expected to occur in sea-ice extents in winter and spring until so much warming occurs that ice doesn't reach the coast anymore. I'm surprised to see statistically signiïňĄcant trends (Table 2) in these quadrants during months when ice has ïňĄlled the basin. How is this ice loss occurring? I looked at maps of ice extent using NSIDC's Sea Ice Index, and during March for each year of this study, the ice was solidly packed up against the coast in the Canadian quadrant. There might be some variability around Novaya Zemlya that accounts for changes in


We consider the impact of transition particles on the Alfvén waves and electrostatic trapped ion modes in a stellarator with closed contours of the second adiabatic invariant, which do not perfectly coincide with magnetic surfaces (a so-called quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator). Due to orbit transitions, the damping rate of Alfvén eigenmodes on localized electrons becomes independent of the collision frequency in the broad range of low-collision rates. Dissipative trapped ion modes (Kadomtsev–Pogutse (KP) modes) induced by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) are strongly stabilized by collisionless orbit transitions.


The authors describe a case of multiple carcinoid tumours of stomach, which arose on an atrophic chronic gastritis. The case was studied in strict equipe cooperation by physicians, surgeons, radiologists, anatomopathologists, and, subsequently, it was surgically treated through total extended gastrectomy.


The POP-C++ and POP-Java programming languages are implementations, as extensions of the programming languages C++ respectively Java, of the Parallel Object Oriented model. The POP model is based on the very simple idea that objects are suitable structures to distribute data and executable codes over heterogeneous distributed hardware and to make them interact between each other. The object oriented paradigm has unified the concept of module and type to create the new concept of class. The next step introduced by the POP model is to unify the concept of class with the concept of task (or process) to create a kind of class: the parallel class. By instantiating parallel classes we are able to create a new category of objects we will call parallel objects. Parallel objects are objects that can be remotely executed. They coexist and cooperate with traditional sequential objects during the application execution. New and different tasks, i.e. new parallel objects, can be dynamically created or destroyed during execution. As a consequence, the POP programming model is well adapted to heterogeneous and dynamic computing environments such as GRIDs, P2P or Clouds.


Abstract The authors compared the first phalanx of the second wing-finger of 93 species belong to 9 order (Gaviiformes – 2 species, Podicipediformes – 4 species, Pelecaniformes – 4 species, Ardeiformes – 12 species, Anseriformes – 27 species, Gruiformes – 4 species, Ralliformes – 6 species, Charadriiformes – 25 species and Galliformes – 9 species). The importance of studying this bone lies in the fact that, although it has diagnosable characteristics, it was practically neglected by osteologists and paleontologists. Thus, fossil materials can be identified through them, as well as those from owl pellets. The comparison was made possible by the comparative avian skeleton collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The text is supplemented by 10 figures and 1 table.


We show that the mixing and peptization of pseudoboehmite with cobalt nitrate causes changes in the size of pseudoboehmite globules in such a way that cobalt ions balance the surface charge of boehmite. The texture of cobalt-containing samples is determined by the size of pseudoboehmite globules and their stabilization by cobalt ions at the temperature of the phase transition of pseudoboehmite into γ-Al 2 O 3 . A thermally stable texture is formed when the content of cobalt (recalculated to CoO) is approximately 15 wt %.


Objective: The reason behind the occurrence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) in pregnant women treated with certain Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) such as Carbamazepine, Valproate, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, etc., is not yet known. The relationship between Folic Acid intake and NTDs is not yet established. Folate receptors play a critical role in mediating placental transport of maternal folate to the foetus. Another important protein is Carnitine O-acetyltransferase that is involved in the transport of carnitine, which is much needed for foetal metabolic functions and tissue development. The objective of this study is to understand the interaction of AEDs with two important placental proteins through a docking approach to establishing a suitable explanation of AED's role in NTD. Methods: A generic algorithm based docking was used to identify and study the mode of interactions between the drugs and placental proteins. For comparison purpose, the natural ligands of these receptors have also been included in the dataset containing AEDs. Results: Both bonded and non-bonded interactions were observed between AEDs and the crucial residues of these proteins. The drugs formed complex with these proteins with satisfactory binding energy. Some amount of Electrostatic interaction was also observed among a few pairs of protein residue and drug molecules. Conclusion: We suggest that these drug-protein associations, involving bonded and non-bonded interactions, could be a possible portal by which certain AEDs induce NTDs in the foetus. Higher interaction of Pantothenic Acid with Folate Receptor could be a mechanism through which Pantothenic Acid inhibits Valproic Acid-induced NTDs. And thus, its supplementation can specifically prevent Valproic Acid-induced NTDs. The above mechanism also explains how increased intake of Folic Acid during pregnancy can reduce the occurrence of NTDs. Keywords: Neural Tube Defect, Anti-epileptic drug, Placenta, Folate transporters, Docking, Carnitine O-acetyltransferase


Insulinomas are an uncommon cause for recurrent hypoglycemia. Surgical resection is
the definitive treatment. We present a case of an 87 year old female patient diagnosed
with insulinoma who had history of recurrent hypoglycemic attacks and neurological
deficits due to seizure induced hypoxic episodes. Laparoscopic enucleation of the tumor
was undertaken. Perioperative management of blood sugar in these patients is of utmost
importance. As anesthesiologists our target is to prevent severe hypoglycemic episodes
which may lead to permanent neurological damage and severe hyperglycemia post
procedure which has to be managed by titrating the dose of insulin and dextrose.


Background/aim: Metabolic complication of obesity is rising not only in developed countries but also in non developing countries. In fact, Obesity can be presented as (new world syndrome) the greatest health problem in the modern industrial world.. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training in Management of obese females.
Material and methods: Forty-five obese females participated in this study .obese females were allocated randomly into three groups; group A, B, and C, fifteen obese females in each group. Group A received aerobic exercise only, group B received resistance exercise only, and group C received combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise. The study lasted for four weeks, Fasting lipid profile was measured before and at the end of the study for the three groups.
Results: statistical analysis revealed that there was significant improvement in fasting lipid profile in the three groups with a greatest improvement to group c.
Conclusion: Aerobic, resistance and combined training are effective methods for treating dyslipidemia in obese females.


Hippeastrum reticulatum var. striatifolium (Herb.) Herb. is a native species on Brazil. Has high ornamental potential of its beautiful annual flowering and perennial leaves. Moderately tolerant to shade, makes it suitable for indoor use. Seedling production is poorly studied, reflecting in unavailability and low spread of this species in the producer and consumer markets. This work was aimed to investigate aspects related to seedling production through micropropagation and seedling. Bulbs of the plants conserved at the Faculty of Agronomy, UFRGS were disinfected with NaClO and thermotherapy for micropropagation. Variations in incubation position (horizontal and vertical), sucrose concentrations, growth regulators in the culture medium (BAP and NAA) and previous size of the bulbs, were evaluated for in vitro organogenesis. Seedlings were acclimatized in different substrates. The moisture content of seeds was determined and the pretreatment with cold as well as their involvement in germination were evaluated. The disinfection of the explants with 1.72% NaClO for 15' associated with the immersion of the explants for 30 minutes in water at 52 °C decreased contamination in vitro, without causing death. Explants incubated in an upright position on its polar axis showed higher germinating number and diameter as well as number and total root length and number of leaves per explants compared to those incubated horizontally. Concentrations of sucrose close and less than 60g L -1 increased the number and size of shoots, while less than 50 g L -1 improved rooting and leaf formation. The tested concentration of 100 g L -1 was harmful. The use of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the medium inhibited the formation of roots and the diameter of shoots, while the use of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) increased the number of shoots. The combination of NAA and BAP was antagonistic in respect to length of roots and leaves, with the highest average observed in the absence of both. The presence of activated charcoal in the culture medium decreased the inhibitory effects of BAP. Explants originated from bulbs with highest diameter formed larger, more numerous and seedlings with more mass. The acclimatization of seedlings was efficient on various substrates (survival > 90 %), highlighting qualitative to Pinus bark composted and the quantitative to Commercial 1. Ripe seeds showed moisture content close to 80 %. Propagation by seed is possible, without the need to break dormancy with cold, with average germination time of around 30 days. 2 Master of Science dissertation in Agronomy, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (75p.) June, 2014.


Organic soluble DNA bearing two different fluorophores in the side chain was prepared by reacting purified DNA with the cationic molecules 9-(12-bromododecyl)-9H-carbazole and (E)-1-(4-(12-bromododecyloxy)styryl)pyrene in water. Two homopolymers (CzDNA and PyDNA) and random copolymers (CzDNA-co-PyDNA) were prepared successfully. The absorption and photoluminescence (PL) behavior of CzDNA-co-PyDNA with pyrene derivative concentrations was investigated. As reference, we employed a guest-host system and polymer blends using DNA homopolymers. The Forster energy transfer process was investigated in three different DNA systems. The DNA copolymer system showed much better energy transfer efficiency than the other DNA systems. The copolymers were mixed with 2-{2-[2-(4-diethyl-amino-phenyl)-vinyl]-6-methyl-pyran-4-ylidene}-malononitrile (DCM) at an optimum concentration. At low DCM concentration (0.3 wt %), undesired emissions were observed due to an incomplete energy transfer process from excited pyrene moieties. At high DCM concentration (5.0 wt %), red emissions were predominant; this is attributed to an efficient Forster energy transfer process.


Injectors exiting annular liquid sheets and its subsequent atomization find relevance in rocket propulsion applications. Numerous studies have been performed by researchers in the past for understanding the dynamics of disintegration of annular liquid sheets into droplets under the influence of various factors. The factors mainly include the instabilities on the sheet caused by the effect of surrounding gas flow, in particular. The article abridges the findings from the prominent studies done in this field with a focus on how imaging was used a tool in quantifying the same.


The history of the psychoanalytic movement will never have come to an end. This is true not only for the banal reason that psychoanalysis continues to evolve and that new chapters in its future development will need to be written. It is also true because the history of psychoanalysis is intractably composite, heterogeneous, and irreducible to the simple linear sequence of a straightforward chronology. Nor does the genealogy of psychoanalytic ideas play out in neat arboreal fashion according to continuous, organically determined lines of development. Each moment in the history of psychoanalysis carries latent significance that may, in recursive interaction with the present, give rise to new versions of the past. A history of psychoanalysis cannot therefore be organized by simple reference to origins, but must account for the social, cultural, and political contingencies that introduce discontinuity, irregularity, contradiction, recurrence, and rupture into the story. Of course, Freud, in his History of the Psychoanalytic Movement (1914), is rather anxiously determined to avoid these complications, even to eliminate contingency from the narrative altogether. In a virtuoso political act of remembering, repeating, and working through (the title of his famous essay on technique from the same year), Freud writes his own history of the movement—its beginnings, its expansion, its reckoning with dissent, and its continued growth—in a spirit of willful confidence that psychoanalysis has a single origin and a


For analysis of distribution rules on contact wire uplift of high-speed railway, the data of continuous contact wire uplift of typical high-speed railway at the speed of 300km/h and 350km/h was calculated and analyzed. The analysis results show that the contact wire uplift is positively correlated with the speed of the train. The uplift in the span is higher than the uplift at the registration point, besides, the contact wire uplift in the overlap and in the tunnel is relatively high. The inspection data calculation method and analysis results can provide effective data for the analysis and evaluation of the dynamic performance of the catenary, thereby infrastructure manager can more comprehensively grasp the operating status, and provide reasonable guiding proposals for operation and maintenance.


The discussion is limited to processes by which a set of data samples collected on a geometrically distorted grid can be converted to samples on a different precisely specified grid. It is assumed that a mathematical expression for the desired transformation already exists. Concern will be the effects on image quality (specifically loss of resolution, photometric accuracy, and miscellaneous aberations) that result from various techniques used in accomplishing the resampling. The resampling techniques evaluated have included nearest neighbor, bilinear, cubic convolution, and various truncated versions of sinc (x). The conclusion is that cubic convolution yields substantially higher quality output data for scenes typically encountered and can, in some instances, substantially enhance one's ability to abstract information.


Malware is any malicious code that has the potential to harm any computer or network. The amount of malware is increasing faster every year and poses a serious security threat. Thus, malware detection is a critical topic in computer security. Currently, signature-based detection is the most extended method for detecting malware. Although this method is still used on most popular commercial computer antivirus software, it can only achieve detection once the virus has already caused damage and it is registered. Therefore, it fails to detect new malware. Applying a methodology proven successful in similar problem-domains, we propose the use of ngrams (every substring of a larger string, of a fixed lenght n) as file signatures in order to detect unknown malware whilst keeping low false positive ratio. We show that n-grams signatures provide an effective way to detect unknown malware.


This work deals with the design of an energy highly performing wooden building on the lake shore, inside the protected area of Bracciano-Martignano (Italy, neighbourhood of Rome). It is a structure housing a bar, a box office and a small pier for a mini-cruise service, with the view of promoting sustainable tourism in the Trevignano area. Up to now, according to local legislation, only electrically powered navigation is allowed in Bracciano Lake: the mini-cruise service, utilizing a boat used no longer by the coast guard and carrying 20 people at most, will be equipped with an electrical device of 8.6 kWp integrated with the roof of the building. The architecture and plant designs of the wooden building are based on new envelope technologies solutions with a large use of local natural materials and pre-fabricated systems. According to Italian regulations on building energy classification, the designed building is classified "A+", the best efficiency class, due to a high performing wooden envelope system associated with remarkable production of electrical and thermal solar energy. The green building certification system, the so called "Protocollo Itaca", shows that the structure design (classified in the second best category) is an important pattern of eco-architecture and of strategy against the loss of biodiversity. Eco-Architecture IV 175 www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 165, © 201 WIT Press 2 doi:10.2495/ARC120161


In the case of contact strength design of an involute gear, gear tooth friction force is neglected. Many researchers' opinions on this neglect are different, some people thinking the friction force being negligible and other holding it having apparent effect on gear contact stress. Based on six of fatigue tests by rollers, it is advanced by the paper that whether the friction force can be neglected is determined by several factors such as rotational speed, transmission power, material properties, number of teeth , module of gear and lubricant viscosity. These factors can be indicated by a dimensionless parameter S which has two critical points S 1 and S 2.When SS 1, the contact stress increases by 10% or so due to gear tooth friction force. When SS 2, the effect of the friction force on gear contact stress is negligible. While S 1SS 2, its effect extent decreases suddenly with an increment of S and reaches its lowest value at the point of S 2 .At last , the paper gives a clear explanation of the rationality of the above test results.


On the basis of determining a fault correlation region,this paper proposed a fault location method based on fault correlation degree. Under the normal condition of power system,a system network corresponding matrix was listed. When a fault occurred,the fault correlation degree of each branch was solved,a fault location can be accurately located through testing and calculation. This method can not only determine the location of the fault line,but also determine the specific location of the fault components without changing the correlation coefficient matrix. Thus,the uncertainty problem of the correlation coefficient matrix after fault could be overcomed. Meanwhile,the proposed method was not influenced by the transition resistance and fault types,and with high accuracy and easy calculation. Simulation results showed that this method can accurately determine fault location and fault type.


In the last two decades, a number of prominent financial economists have considered the extent to which assets provide hedges against inflation and/or other sources of systematic risk. Motivated by the high inflation rates of the 1970s, Fama and Schwert [5] conducted the seminal analysis on asset returns and inflation, investigating the extent to which the returns to various assets, including common stock, government bonds, treasury bills, real estate, and human capital, were hedges against anticipated and unanticipated inflation. Fama and Schwert found that bonds, bills, and real estate provided effective hedges against anticipated inflation for the period 1953-1971, but only real estate provided a hedge against unanticipated inflation. In fact, most of the assets had a negative sensitivity to unanticipated inflation, with common stock showing a negative relationship to both sources of inflation.


In recent years, with global temperature rise, extreme weather and climate events, especially high temperature heat waves, floods and droughts, occur more frequently.  Recent observational and simulation projections with paleoclimate research reported that monsoon rainfall would become uncertain in the forthcoming century. One of the major problem in predicting the ISM is the accumulation of uncertainties arising from the complex role of Anthropocene activities on the climate system. This, in turn, would result in indecisions in the projected Gross Domestic Product (GDP), sustainable growth, and economy. About 21% of the Indian GDP is contributed by Agriculture (arguably the backbone of India's Economy) which itself highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rainfall. This paper reviews the projection of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in looming climate change. Evaluating the uncertainties in future monsoon behavior predictions would facilitate informed decision-making while formulating strategies for a sustainable Economy and energy policy. Reliable predictions of future ISM in the context of climate change are required while formulating adaptation strategies for sustainable growth and water availability.


The challenge posed by Scott Bennett to consider how we can better organize our system of scholarly communication recognizes the interdependence of the many components of the process: scholars, publishers, librarians, and learned societies. However, the solution Bennett outlines doesn't take into account the stake university presses have in rethinking our system of scholarly communication or their expertise in helping that process along. His concern that the supply of scholarly materials is disassociated from market demand ignores the fact that university presses were founded specifically to meet the intellectual demand for valuable scholarship, even when that demand is decidedly uncommercial. University presses have an important role to fill in the scholarly communication process, now and under any re-engineered scheme: providing content that is certified, edited, and presentable, all in a cost-effective manner.


Abstract Coal tars, which are byproducts of coal gasification, are complex mixtures of chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Occupational exposure to coal tars is associated with a higher risk of cancer. The risk posed by environmental coal tars, and related oil tars, which may involve prolonged exposures to low doses, is not known. While this risk may be inferred from a knowledge of the concentration and potency of known carcinogenic components, the complexity and incomplete chemical analysis of coal tars lead to estimates with large uncertainties. In order to assess risk with greater certainty, laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate cancer induction following oral administration of coal tars. The appropriateness of these animal data to humans was evaluated in studies of the effects of these tars on genotoxicity, metabolism and gene expression. Our data suggest that the potency of coal tars cannot be predicted accurately from an understanding of the biological or carcinogenic effec...


This thesis is a study which uses discourse analysis theory to analyze the conversation in SCTV program 'Dunia Bintang'. This study is trying to look for the violation which exists in that conversation, also it would like to explain the causes of that violation. the writer used the qualitative approach and the data were taken by recording from and cassette recorder. There are four conversation that will be analyzed by the writer. The interviewer in this program is Inggrid Wijanarko and the interviewees are Ita purnamasari, Prayudi, Andre Hehanusa, and the last Elma Theana. To be able to analyze that conversation the writer uses the theory of Conversational Principles by Paul Grice that is used to look for the violations and the theory of Politeness Principles by Geoffrey Leech to explain that violations. Besides those theories the writer also uses Searle's categories of illocutionary acts to help to categorize the Politeness Principle maxim. From this study it is found that the violations of conversational principles, especially the quantity maxim is important, that makes the conversation not monotonous.


Wireless sensor network systems have become revolutionize in recent years. Acoustic source Direction Of Arrival(DOA) is one of the essential phenomenon in many applications. Acoustic sensor network can provide a way to simulatenous monitor and interaction of many sources. This paper provides an preliminary study of Direction Of Arrival(DOA) for outdoor positioning and attempt to classify the different approaches. We focus on Dominant Frequency Selection(DFSE) ,Approximate Maximum Likelihood(AML) and Multiple Signal Classification(MUSIC) methods. We then illustrate and discuss the methods for Direction of Arrival.


The vast majority of patients with mild chronic kidney disease have a benign condition and are at low risk of progression and complications, a primary care study published in PLOS Medicine has found.

The study said that GPs should focus on identifying the minority of people who are at high risk of adverse outcomes for more intensive treatment and referral to a kidney specialist.1 Those at low risk can be reassured and spared unnecessary treatment or referral.

Most studies on …


Since the discovery of the damaging effects of ionizing radiations on cells, attempts have been made to increase the radiation curability of malig nant neoplasms by the simultaneous administra tion of various chemical agents. Three major ave nues of approach will be reviewed : (a) combining radiation with agents which themselves have antitumor properties in an attempt to gain a synergistic action; (6) sensitizing the tumor to radiation by means of a noncarcinostatic agent; (c) intro ducing into the tumor a compound which will in crease the radiation dose to the tumor by second ary radiation or by nuclear disintegration. A re view of previous experience in these fields is needed because of the discovery of better chemotherapeutic agents, the increasing knowledge of funda mental radiobiology, and the advent of biologically applicable beams of electrons, neutrons, and heavy particles. The literature is extensive, and it is impossible to include reference to all work that has been done, but an effort has been made to include all the major trends of experimentation. The authors have exercised critical discretion as to the material which is included. Whenever possible, examples of investigations with human tumors, animal tu mors, and in vitro technics have been cited. Reference has been omitted to agents which have a systemic effect, such as the sex hormones (16) and cortisone (15) which may alter tumors by indirect pathways, and to radioactive isotopes such as P32, I131,and Au198which are of proved value (5).


Although tracheal stenosis is a rare consequence, it is possible in individuals undergoing extended intubation and tracheostomy. Although otorhinolaryngologists and interventional pulmonologists are often responsible for treatment, since symptoms may not manifest for weeks or months after extubation, primary care doctors are frequently the first to meet this problem. Tracheal stenosis may be mistaken for asthma in its clinical presentation, which includes dyspnea and stridor. The case described is that of a 16-year-old man with tracheal stenosis after intubation who had a series of surgical treatments to improve his airway. We analyzed common presenting symptoms, treatment choices, and preventative efforts for comparable individuals.


Most common primary intraocular malignant tumor of an adult is choroidal melanoma. It is found rarely in general population. It is usually found in the sixth decade of population. Diagnosis of choroidal melanoma is made by fundoscopy, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we report a case on choroidal melanoma and its imaging features are also discussed.


M edical education – based predominantly in hospital environments, and with increasing specialisation and a rapid turnover of patients who represent a narrow spectrum of health problems – is being re-examined in the light of contemporary realities. A significant reorientation is needed in medical education, to allow students to understand people in their social contexts in a more holistic way, rather than seeing them merely as parts of a biological machine.


Lower back pain is a common problem frequently encountered without specific biomarkers that correlate well with an individual patient's pain generators. MRI quantification of diffusion and T2 relaxation properties may provide novel insight into the mechanical and inflammatory changes that occur in the lumbosacral nerve roots in patients with lower back pain. Accurate imaging of the spinal nerve roots is difficult because of their small caliber and oblique course in all three planes. Two‐dimensional in‐plane imaging of the lumbosacral nerve roots requires oblique coronal imaging with large field of view (FOV) in both dimensions, resulting in severe geometric distortions using single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI) techniques. The present work describes initial success using a reduced‐FOV single‐shot spin‐echo EPI acquisition to obtain in‐plane diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 mapping of the bilateral lumbar nerve roots at the L4 level of healthy subjects, minimizing partial volume effects, breathing artifacts and geometric distortions. A significant variation in DTI and T2 mapping metrics is also reported along the course of the normal nerve root. The fractional anisotropy is statistically significantly lower in the dorsal root ganglia (0.287 ± 0.068) than in more distal regions in the spinal nerve (0.402 ± 0.040) (p < 10–5). The T2 relaxation value is statistically significantly higher in the dorsal root ganglia (78.0 ± 11.9 ms) than in more distal regions in the spinal nerve (59.5 ± 7.4 ms) (p < 10–5). The quantification of nerve root DTI and T2 properties using the proposed methodology may identify the specific site of any degenerative and inflammatory changes along the nerve roots of patients with lower back pain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Field experiment with 23 different alfalfa varieties was performed in Qingdao,Shandong province,difference in yield,plant height,and stem leave ratio among all treatments were compared in the past 4 years.The result showed that 23 alfalfa varieties generally grew well in Qingdao,and foreign alfalfa varieties showed better performance than domestic varieties.The hay yield of planting beside filmed ridges is significantly higher than the one of conventional tillage,the increases value of the 23 varieties except Gannong No.4,Xinjiangdaye and Ameri graze 401 is over 50%.The correlation degrees between the hay yield and average sunshine duration,annual average temperature are up to 0.795 5,0.878 9,the one between the hay yield and average annual rainfall is just 0.569 1.In plant height,the highest one is WL323,up to 87.8 cm,the lowest one is Aohan,just 74.7 cm.Among the 23 alfalfa,there are significant differences in plant height and the production,the plant height and the production have very high positive correlation,the R is over 0.65.In stem leaf ratio,the lowest is Ameri graze 401,just 1.22 and the stem leaf ratio has a increasing trend.Among the 23 varieties examined,WL323,Ameri graze 401 and AC carbou have superior performance on plant height,fresh yield,stem leaf ratio than others 20 cultivars,which suggesting that the three varieties are suitable to be used in Qingdao region of Shandong province.


Introduction of gfp gene under the regulatory control of the constitutive 35S promoter in lima beans results in GFP expression enduring for only about 72 hrs post-introduction. However, fusion of gfp gene to the different suppressors extended GFP expression to 120 hrs post-introduction. Co-introduction of gfp and viral factors (HC-Pro and P19) on separate plasmids, however, did not result in considerable stabilization of GFP expression (Fig. 4). The suppressors chosen for the study include HC-Pro (Tobacco Etch Virus), P19 (Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus), AL2 (Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus), P21 (Beet Yellows Virus), γb (Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus) and Replicase (Tobacco Mosaic Virus). Vector constructions of the gfp gene fused to the different viral suppressors, under the regulatory control of the constitutive 35S promoter, were synthesized. Suppressor vectors without GFP were also constructed in the case of HC-Pro, P19 and AL2 for co-introduction with the gfp plasmid.


The metal powder injection molding process (MIM or PIM) has been applied to titanium in various forms since the late 1980s. Powder production is well advanced with many offerings, giving a wide choice in particle size, particle shape, purity, and cost. Likewise, component production steps exist with many variants, but a general baseline process is identified here. There is much knowledge on how to fabricate titanium using MIM, but this knowledge is concentrated in the hands of a few fabricators. Against this baseline, emerging innovations can be assessed. Demonstration products have been shown for several applications, including watch cases, toy trains, cell phones, heat valves, dental implants, and medical surgical tools. This article rationalizes the technical and economic factors to show why research efforts in titanium injection molding are focused on reduced interstitial contents.


A device and a method for measuring a fluid leakage of a valve using ultrasonic, acoustic and temperature detection are provided to check the leakage rate quickly by quantifying measured leakage rate data and comparing a valve having the same condition compared with the quantified data. A device for measuring a fluid leakage of a valve comprises an ultrasonic leakage measuring unit(100) which is installed on a valve and the fluid inlet side of a pipe connected with the valve and measures a fluid leakage of the valve using ultrasonic wave, an acoustic leakage measuring unit(200) which is installed on the fluid inlet side and outlet side of the valve body and measures a fluid leakage of the valve using acoustic signal, and a temperature leakage measuring unit(300) which is installed on the fluid inlet side and outlet side of the valve body and measures the temperature change of the valve.


This is a legal and political sociology essay with the objective of a strategic geopolitical, legal and economic analysis of the pros and cons of Turkey's potential entry as a member state of the European Union. The essay is placed on the side of the policies, more in detail on the side of politics making, it starts with the analysis of the state of art, to move towards the need for structural coupling between Turkey and the European Union and then - lastly - there are some authors' thoughts on a potential eastward enlargement of the European Union with its pros and its cons.This is a legal and political sociology essay with the objective of a strategic geopolitical, legal and economic analysis of the pros and cons of Turkey's potential entry as a member state of the European Union. The essay is placed on the side of the policies, more in detail on the side of politics making, it starts with the analysis of the state of art, to move towards the need for structural coupling between Turkey and the European Union and then - lastly - there are some authors' thoughts on a potential eastward enlargement of the European Union with its pros and its cons.


The author identifys the pathogenic species of Yangtao actinidia in Shaanxi Province and described symptoms of blight.Integrated analysis is cmdulted with identification standards of Yu yongnian、Ho,H.H.and Waterhouse,G.M.et al.The blight is Phytophthora cactorum (Leb.et Cohn) Schort.


Introduction: Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been increasingly used in place of warfarin, for non-valvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Their use for post cardiac surgery...


The present invention relates to magnetic force and magnetic force, yet the uniformity is good, and the mechanical strength of the ferrite particles for bonded magnets is excellent obtained bonded magnet powder and a resin composition for bonded magnet. Bonded magnets, ferrite particles, powders, resin composition molded article