In this thesis we study graded Cohen-Macaulay modules and their possible Hilbert functions and graded Betti numbers. In most cases the Cohen-Macaulay modules we study are level modules. In order to use dualization to study Hilbert functions of artinian level algebras we extend the notion of level sequences and cancellable sequences, introduced by Geramita and Lorenzini, to include Hilbert functions of certain level modules. As in the case of level algebras, a level sequence is cancellable, but now by dualization its reverse is also cancellable which gives a new condition on level sequences. We also give a characterization of the cancellable sequences. We prove that a sequence of positive integers (h0, h1, . . . , hc) is the Hilbert function of an artinian level module of codimension two if and only if hi−1 − 2hi + hi+1 ≤ 0 for all 0 ≤ i ≤ c, where we assume that h−1 = hc+1 = 0. This generalizes a result already known for artinian level algebras. Zanello gives a lower bound for Hilbert functions of generic level quotients of artinian level algebras. We give a new and more straightforward proof of Zanello's result. Conjectures on the possible graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules up to multiplication by a positive rational number are given. The idea is that the Betti diagrams should be non-negative linear combinations of pure diagrams. The conjectures are verified for modules of codimension two, for Gorenstein algebras of codimension three and for complete intersections. The motivation for the conjectures comes from the Multiplicity conjecture of Herzog, Huneke and Srinivasan. The h-vectors and graded Betti numbers of level modules up to multiplication by a rational number are studied. Assuming the conjecture, mentioned above, on the set of possible graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules we get a description of the possible h-vectors of level modules up to multiplication by a rational number. We determine, again up to multiplication by a rational number, the cancellable h-vectors and the h-vectors of level modules with the weak Lefschetz property. Furthermore, we prove that level modules of codimension three satisfy the upper bound of the Multiplicity conjecture and that the lower bound holds if the module, in addition, has the weak Lefschetz property. Introduction and summary The present thesis consists of five papers all concerning Cohen-Macaulay modules and their possible Hilbert functions and graded Betti numbers. The papers are: Paper I. Artinian level modules and cancellable sequences [29]. Paper II. Artinian level modules of embedding dimension two [30]. Paper III. On Zanello's lower bound for generic quotients of level algebras. Paper IV. Graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules and the Multiplicity conjecture. Paper V. Graded Betti numbers and h-vectors of level modules. In most cases the Cohen-Macaulay modules we study are level modules. We begin by explaining the basic notions together with some background. After that we explain the approach used in this thesis on these matters, and finally, we give an outline of the results of the five papers together with discussions and conclusions.


Colson Whiteheads novel John Henry Days is part of a large trend in contemporary (post-Cold War) American literature of exploring overlooked or alternative historical currents as a means of coming to terms with the complexities, contradictions, and epistemological uncertainties of postmodern America. This essay argues that John Henry Days can be understood as a kind of secret history of the post-Reconstruction United States, charting a panoply of rhizomatic cultural meanderings, tangents, false starts, and subaltern strivings that paint this passage of time as defined by a repetitious series of self-sacrificing struggles against epochal new technologies in the process of radically reordering the social landscape and redefining the nature of humanity.


Abstract Walter Benjamin published his influential essay 'Critique of Violence'/'Zur Kritik der Gewalt' in 1921, and the work has troubled and provoked thinkers across disciplines for over a century now. This Forum gathers a group of scholars in philosophy, political science, international relations and legal studies to reflect on the actuality of Benjamin's essay for contemporary critical theory. In Part II of the Forum, Aggie Hirst, Tom Houseman, and Vinícius Armele draw on Benjamin to analyse what remains of European colonialism. Hirst and Houseman interrogate the extent to which Walter Benjamin's notion of divine violence may be useful in the service of decolonial struggle. Insofar as it is antithetical to the colonial order – which is inaugurated and reproduced by the law making and law preserving functions of mythic violence – divine violence appears to open a space for conceptualising a far-reaching challenge to the violence encrypted in that order that is 'lethal without spilling blood'. Because the exercise of such 'power over all life' is exercised 'for the sake of living,' Benjamin argues, its accompanying sacrifices are acceptable. Drawing on postcolonial and decolonial theory, Hirst and Houseman offer a critique of the 'God's-eye view' inherent to any claim to divine violence. Benjamin's text can generate powerful insights into the nature and limits of decolonial struggles, but it ultimately fails in providing an alternative to the mythic violence it criticises, by reproducing – at the heart of the emancipatory concept of divine violence – a problematic impersonation of a divine authorial voice that is already a trope of coloniality. Armele's reflection seeks to recover ancient tragedy's role of reluctance toward the previously unquestionable power of the violence of mythical destiny. Resume Benjamin's contributions on (1) melancholy and Romanticism, which represents the revolt of repressed, channelled and deformed subjectivity and affectivity, and (2) the criticism of the violence that is established in the manifestation of its ethical relations between law [Recht] and justice [Gerechtigkeit], Armele reveals the intertwining of the experience of historical time and the orientation of current political struggles. Inspired by Benjamin, he examines the action of the Black Lives Matters movement in Bristol, UK, which toppled a statue of the slave trader Edward Colston, and threw it in the city's harbour, reopening a historical wound of colonialism and national memory.


Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminun L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) are the important seed spices of Rajasthan. Seed spices are exported to Western countries whose main requirement is quality. This includes cleanliness, or free from extraneous matter, safe level of moisture, absence of food additives, adequate level of flavouring constituents like volatile oil or pungent principle etc. Various factors like sowing date, seed rate, maturity at harvest, drying, storage practices etc. are important to improve the quality of these spices.


The projective controls approach was introduced by J. Medanic (1978) for regular linear time-invariant systems. The systems considered have the two-time-scale property. This property is exploited, and the projective controls approach is applied to the slow system. It is shown that it is possible to reduce the computational burden by solving a lower-order control problem. The relation between the cost due to a state feedback regulator and the cost obtained using the projective controls approach are discussed.<<ETX>>


Agricultural sector in Malaysia utilises high amount of chemical fertilizers as well as organic manures secreted by animals. The utilisation of the fertilizers in agricultural sector increases the level of environmental pollution. The usage of chemical fertilizers can be reduced by applying indigenous microorganisms (IMO) as beneficial microorganisms that are able to provide sufficient nutrients to various crops in agricultural sector. In this study, IMO that has been isolated from bamboo area at Taman Pertanian, Pahang and Lepar Hilir, Pahang were subjected to single colonies isolation and nitrogen fixing bacteria were screened by using several biochemical approaches including gram staining, carbohydrate fermentation and nitrate reduction tests. From the screening, a total of six bacterial isolates have been identified as potential beneficial microorganisms to fix free nitrogen to nitrate, as one of important nutrient for the growth of crops. All the six bacterial isolates were further subjected to genomic DNA isolation and followed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene using 27F and 1492R primers. The PCR-amplified products were purified and further sequenced using the same primers. DNA sequence of each 16S rRNA gene of all the bacterial isolates were subjected to BLASTN analysis at the NCBI GenBank database. Interestingly, the BLASTN analysis has shown that all the bacterial isolates are homologous to strains of Bacillus spp. including B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. tequilensis, respectively. Phylogenic tree analysis on rRNA genes of all the bacterial isolates has shown their closely-relatedness with other strains of Bacillus spp. In conclusion, Bacillus spp. including B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. tequilensis isolated from the selected bamboo areas have potential to be utilised in Malaysia agricultural sector as nitrogen fixing bacteria that might reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers.


COVID-19 Pandemic impacts all aspects of human's life, especially economic and employment. Many people loss their job during this pandemic. Jobloss causes many mental health problems, one of them is stress. To prevent the negative effects of stress, the stress level must be reduced. It is necessary to look at the spiritual aspects of well being to reduce stress. This study aims to determine the role of spiritual well being in stress among people experiencing jobloss during COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects were 251 participants aged above 18 experiencing jobloss during COVID-19 Pandemic and have not returned to work yet. Data were collected using Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) to measure spiritual well being and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression model, descriptive statistic, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. The result show that spiritual well being effects significantly on stress among people experincing joblos during COVID-19 pandemic (R 2 = 0.119, t = -5.803, p = 0.000 < 0.05). It means that one's level of spiritual well being predicts their stress level. The lower the level of one's spiritual well being, the higher the level of stress experienced. and vice versa.


Two x-ray exposures are normally done to detect the position of an artifact in space. This is achieved by either moving the X-ray tube or the patient to obtain a 90-degree view from the previous one. In the movement of the patient, the position of the artifact is moved from the anterior posterior (AP) to the lateral (Lat) position [1].

This technique results in dose to the patient. A method to detect the position in space with only one X-ray exposure was developed to limit the amount of radiation for detection of an artifact. This article discusses this technique as well as methods to improve image quality in terms of position detection is space [ 2-7].


This study evaluates the impact of non-farm enterprises on the poverty status of rural farming households in Nigeria. The data were obtained from General Household Survey fielded by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. However, only 1,619 matched observations were used for analyses, using Propensity Score Matching, Double Difference, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures and Poverty Equivalent Growth Rates (PEGRs). The results show that 53.3% of participants lived below the poverty line (poor) in 2011, while in 2016, this proportion declined to 31.94%. The poverty incidence of female participants (0.5504) decreased by 53.68% while that of male participants (0.4112) decreased by 4.81%. If female participants had not participated in non-farm enterprises, their poverty would have been reduced by only 9.7% but due to participation, it was reduced by 53.68%. The Poverty Equivalent Growth Rates are higher for all the three FGT measures than the actual growth rates for all participants, males and females with females showing higher poverty reduction; which means that growth was propoor, although the poverty of the poor decreased more than that of the core poor. Also, after five years there is a decline in poverty incidences of participants across the six geopolitical zones and the decline was mostly felt in the North East (NE) followed by North Central (NC) while the least percentage decline was seen in North West (NW). Since participation in non-farm activities had a significant impact on the poverty of participants, the promotion of non-farm enterprises among poor farmers should be encouraged.


ABSTRACT Triclosan is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used in numerous industrial and personal care products. Triclosan collected in wastewater treatment plants can be biodegraded up to 80%. However, little is studied about the abundances of known triclosan-degrading bacteria in activated sludge systems. A previous study reported that Sphingopyxis strain KCY1 isolated from activate sludge can cometabolically degrade triclosan. Recently, a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific to strain KCY1 has been developed. Thus, this study investigated the abundance of strain KCY1 in three different activated sludge wastewater treatments using a qPCR assay. Additionally, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), known as triclosan-degraders, and amoA gene were quantified. Strain KCY1 were detected in activated sludge samples from three different wastewater treatment plants. The concentrations of strain KCY1 and AOB were on the order of 10 5 -10 6 gene copies/mL, while amoA gene concentration was on the order of 10


We present soft X-ray results from observations with the Chandra HETGS of the Seyfert I AGN NGC 4593 and Mrk 509. We discuss the photoionized outflows associated with Seyfert I AGN in terms of their absorption spectral signatures and discuss their kinematics, column density and ionization state. We discuss the link between UV and X-ray absorbers in Mrk 509 (which was simultaneously observed with Chandra and HST/STIS. We also briefly discuss the possibility of absorption due to neutral Fe embedded in the warm absorber of NGC 4593 versus an interpretation of the data in terms soft X-ray relativistic emission lines. We conclude with a summary of what is being learnt about warm absorbers in type I AGN from high resolution spectroscopy.


Punica granatum belongs to a Punicaceae family. The Punica granatum is valued as a powerful medicinal plant and used in folk medicines. Hence the present investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Punica granatum rind extract by GC-MS Technique. This analysis revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of Punica granatum rind extract contain Pyrogallol (41.88%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (14.10%), D-Allose (9.17%), 2-Methoxy-1, 4-Benzenediol (8.34%) and 2, 3 Dimethylfumaric acid (3.96%) justifying the use of this plant to treat many disease in folk and herbal medicine.


The shaping of the esthetic view of form-spirit has the immediate connection with the personalities hold by the people in the times of Wei and Jin dynasties. In the book of People's Talkings in New Language, there is an obvious discrimination between form and spirit, which strikingly stresses the spirit at the expense of form. Furtherly, Gu Kaizhi's theory of "vivid portraiture" especially gave a long influence upon the later development of the form-spirit viewpoint.


The cold flow and flame characteristics of LPG ( mixing 70% butane and 30% propane) in a household stove are experimentally investigated. Temperatures in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions are measured at points between the reference point and 3 cm.


In this monograph, we present a collection of papers from the ANZSOG conference on collaboration held in 2007. We have been able to draw on a range of perspectives – practitioner and scholarly – to offer a collection focused on the issue of collaborative governance in Australia. Our contributors consider the drivers, challenges, prospects and promises of collaboration, from a conceptual and a practical perspective. We believe this provides a rich resource for readers who are interested in the issue of collaboration in the public sector, and more specifically in public policy.Throughout the monograph, our contributors draw on their personal experience, their research and their visions for change to offer important insights into the potential of collaboration and the fiercely stubborn impediments to this ideal. You will note that there are differences of opinion, which, of course, are to be expected; we hope they will help in feeding the continuing debate about collaborative governance.We have organised the monograph in four key sections. In the first, 'Setting the scene', there are six chapters, which provide an introduction for readers to a range of issues including the dimensions and drivers of collaboration, why governments are interested in collaboration, the Australian experience, the notions of collaborative advantage and collaborative inertia, what is meant by success in collaboration and the role of the community sector in collaborative governance.In the second part, 'The reality of collaboration', we draw on the experience and research of experts to consider success, failure, challenges and questions that arise from attempts at collaboration. In the eight chapters in this section, a range of examples is provided by the authors and many point to traps and lessons that will be of considerable interest and value to readers.In the third part, 'Collaboration abroad', there are two chapters that provide an international perspective. Drawing on experience and research in the United Kingdom and British Columbia, in Canada, the authors in this section give us a window into developments in other parts of the world, offering promise and words of warning.In the final part, 'Collaboration: rhetoric and reality', the concluding chapter of the monograph seeks to examine the reality of collaboration in public policy. In this chapter, the author questions whether there is much evidence of true collaboration, raising the possibility that all the collaborative talk has yet to translate into much collaborative action.Together, these sections offer readers the opportunity to consider collaborative governance in public policy from a range of perspectives, and to engage in the current debate about the value of collaboration.One of the most important changes since the conference is, of course, the change of government and, along with many of our readers, we are keen to observe what will happen under the leadership of the new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. There is certainly a lot of talk, especially about intergovernmental collaboration, but will the Rudd Government be able to 'walk-the-walk'? Only time will tell.We thank all of our contributors for their efforts in preparing their chapters for the monograph, in particular Peter Shergold, who was prepared to write a postscript after his move from the public service to academia. We especially thank John Butcher who, as usual, works tirelessly to ensure that the ANZSOG monographs are of the highest possible quality.


Soft–hard binary polymer blends consisting of amorphous poly(silylene methylene)s (PSMs) and crystalline poly(diphenylsilylenemethylene) were prepared by both melt processing at 360 °C and in situ polymerization at 300 °C. Linear and siloxane-crosslinked PSMs were used as amorphous components for the purpose of determining how the crosslinks affected the interactions between the component polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis indirectly suggested that discernable differences between the blends containing linear and crosslinked PSMs were attributable to the degree of interactions between the amorphous and crystalline components. The morphological differences between these blends were studied with transmission electron microscopy. The dispersion phase was smaller in the blends containing crosslinked PSM than that in the blends containing linear PSM. This directly indicated that a larger interaction between the amorphous and crystalline phases was obtained by the introduction of crosslinks because of the smaller viscosity difference between the phases and a larger degree of polymer chain entanglement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 257–263, 2003


In order to improve the combined exploitation efficiency of horizontal and vertical wells, and given the fact that the complex and varied spatial structure of sand bodies in the Fuyu oil layer in the Qian'an area of Songliao Basin leads to significant differences in production characteristics of horizontal wells, the sand body types and internal spatial structure are finely dissected according to the theory of configuration analysis, and the internal spatial structure is divided into three configuration styles: spatial clipping type, overlapping type, and separation type. Then, by comparing the productivity characteristics of horizontal wells with different configurations of sand bodies, combined with the analysis of fluid flow law under horizontal well volume fracturing, a main fracture–fracture network–matrix coupled fluid flow model in a tight reservoir based on composite sand body configuration is established. Combined with the actual volume fracturing the horizontal well area, the productivity curves of each cluster in the horizontal section after numerical simulation of volume fracturing of typical horizontal well groups are extracted, which are divided into four types: high-yield stable type, high-yield two-stage type, high-yield rapid-decline type, and low-yield rapid-decline type, and the coupling relationship between the productivity characteristics of each cluster in the horizontal well volume fracturing and sand body configuration style is established, which provides a theoretical basis for the adjustment of different sand body development methods in subsequent oilfields.


The aim of this study was to continuously assess cutaneous and hemodynamic responses during hot flashes (HF) in postmenopausal women. HF were objectively defined as pronounced increases in sternal sweat rate accompanied with subjective identification by the subject. Data were recorded from 7 subjects under normothermic and mild heat stress conditions (~0.3 °C increase in internal temperature). Heart rate, blood pressure (Finapres), core temperature (ingestible sensor), mean skin temperature, sweat rate (capacitance hygrometry; forearm and sternum) and skin blood flow (laser Doppler; palm, forearm, sternum and cheek) were monitored continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser Doppler flux/mean arterial blood pressure) was normalized to maximal vasodilation (42 °C local heating; % max). Data from 14 HF (10 during normothermic and 4 during mild heat stress) were obtained. During HF, heart rate increased (70 ± 11 to 80 ± 12 beats min−1, P < 0.001) while blood pressure did not change (93 ± 15 vs 92 ± 14 mm Hg, P > 0.05). Core temperature did not change (37.07 ± 0.18 vs 37.03 ± 0.20 °C, P > 0.05), whereas mean skin temperature increased (34.3 ± 0.8 to 34.5 ± 0.8 °C, P < 0.001) during HF. Increases in sternal and forearm sweat rate of 0.10 ± 0.08 (P < 0.001) and 0.05 ± 0.08 mg cm−2 min−1 (P < 0.05), respectively, were recorded. During HF, CVC increased at all sites: sternum (23 ± 12 to 44 ± 13 %max, P < 0.001), forearm (10 ± 6 to 26 ± 14 %max, P < 0.001), palm (39 ± 33 to 73 ± 34 %max, P < 0.001) and cheek CVC (165 ± 125 % increase from non‐HF state, P < 0.001). These results provide a benchmark by which research can be performed to investigate the mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during HF.


Biosorption is one of the high performance and low cost methods for treating wastewater contained low concentration of heavy metal ions.In this paper,the activated sludge from sewage treatment plant was treated by enrichment and cultivation in first step,and then magnetotactic bacteria MTB-11s were obtained by separating and purifying the bacteria obtained in former step.The 16S rDNA analysis showed that the strain of the MTB-11s belonged to Delftia.The results of batch adsorption experiments over magnetotactic bacteria indicated that the magnetotactic bacteria MTB-11s had significant selective adsorption to different metal ions,the adsorption of Ag (I) was a rapid process and almost independence on the temperature.The optimal pH for the adsorption of Ag (I) was 4?8,and the adsorption rate increased with the increase of dry cell concentration and approached to stable finally.With the increase of the initial concentration of Ag (I),the adsorption rate increased to a maxium and then decreased.The Cu (II) or Co (II) coexisted with Ag (I) could promote the adsorption of Ag (I) in the condition of adequate bacteria or low initial concentration of metal ions,otherwise competitive adsorption was found.


A solution of 1,3-(4-nitrophenyl)triazenein methanol treated with potassium hydroxide yields dark-red crystalline blocks of {[K(O2NC6H4NNNC6H4NO2)]2}n, a triazenide complex polymer of potassium. The centrosymmetric binuclear entities are connected by weak intermolecular K···O interactions, and are related to chains by translation along the [010] crystallographic direction. Additional weak secondary K···O interactions give raise to a 3–D supramolecular arrangement.


ABSTRACT The review is focused on studies presenting quantitative data and odor activity values (ratio of concentration to odor threshold) of key odorants in bread (wheat and rye), toasted bread, puff pastries made with different fats, fragrant and nonfragrant rices, sweet corn, popcorn, and tortillas. The influence of raw materials, processing parameters, and storage conditions on the concentrations of key odorants and some data on flavor precursors and formation pathways of these compounds are discussed.


International comparisons of standards for 60CO gamma radiation for air kerma, exposure and absorbed dose to graphite have been carried out for many years, and their results show very satisfactory agreemene238-240). Comparisons of standards of water-absorbed-dose have also been carried out; although they have a much shorter history(240-242). Other PSDLs, including the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan (ETL), the standard Dosimetry Laboratory ofthe University of Ghent, Belgium, and the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology (OFMET), Switzerland, are in the process of developing waterabsorbed-dose standards and further comparisons will be carried out.


Background: Failure of the pancreaticodigestive anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy is still a major clinical problem. Pancreaticogastrostomy has recently been suggested to be associated with a low risk of leakage. The aim of this report was to add to previously reported experience. Methods: Data on the postoperative course were prospectively registered in 19 patients operated on with subtotal pancreatectomy because of periampullary cancer. They all had a duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy. Results: There were no recognizable leakages from the pancreaticogastrostomy. However, the overall postoperative complication rate was 47% (9/19), the most common complications being delayed gastric emptying (26%, 5/19), wound infection (21%, 4/19), and wound rupture (11%, 2/19). Excluding delayed gastric emptying, the rate of intra-abdominal complications was 16% (3/19). There was 1 in-hospital death. Conclusion: The results support the opinion that pancreaticogastrostomy can be done with a low risk of leakage.


Fifty children with autism, 43 boys and 7 girls, aged from 2 to 10 (mean 4.9 ± 2), underwent 40 hyperbaric sessions of 60 minutes duration for each at 1.5 atmospheres and 100% oxygen. Outcome measures after 40 sessions were changed compared to pre-treatment scores and post-treatment scores for each child using the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). After 40 hyperbaric sessions, statistically significant improvements were observed on the ATEC scores (p < 0.001). The average improvement in all children were on the ATEC total score 21.8% (p < 0.001), speech/language/communication 15.8% (p < 0.001), sociability 21.9% (p < 0.001), sense/cognitive awareness 15.9% (p < 0.001), and health/physical fitness/behavior 31.6% (p < 0.001).


Scz1, an isolate of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, was recently reported as a novel pathogen responsible for dollar spot disease in Zoysiagrass, a warm season turfgrass. Scz1 possessed different characteristics on mycelial pigment, mycelial affinity and host pathogenecity compared to those of Scb1, a typical isolate, obtained from creeping bentgrass, a cool season turfgrass. In this study, only three isolates, Scz1, Scz2(another analogous isolate of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from zoysiagrass), and Scb1, were examined at the molecular level using the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) assays to verify their identification and genetic variation. As a result of ITS assay, partial ITS sequences of three isolates showed 94-97% similarity with a standardized ITS sequence of S. homoeocarpa registered on BLAST. In the analysis of RAPD, range value through similarity matrix was 0.167 between Scz1 and Scb1, 0.139 between Scz2 and Scb1, and 0.713 between Scz1 and Scz2, respectively. Furthermore, tendegram analysis indicated that Scz1 and Scz2, unlike Scb1, were clustered together as accompanying a high genetic similarity. In in vitro fungicide bioassay, EC?? value representing the sensitivity degree to propiconazole, a well-known fungicide for dollar spot disease, was 0.012 ㎍/㎖ for Scz1, 0.003 ㎍/㎖ for Scz2, and 0.030 ㎍/㎖ for Scb1. From all data taken, we concluded that both Scz1 and Scz2 belonged to one group of S. homoeocarpa, since they exhibit the same host range and high level of genetic similarity, whereas their chemical competences to a fungicide were different. This study would provide further approach for assessing genetic diversity of S. homoeocarpa isolates as well as characterizing individual isolate against chemical exposure.


Study of the territory and towns of the valdichiana region, northern italy, with general historical introduction. For each town or area, discussion of geographical factors, historical evolution, urban development, building phases, political and economic events, chronology, inventory of monuments. With photos and bibliography.


Some studies are diamonds in the rough. Some have emergent properties. The pathbreaking trial of HIV partner notification (PN) in Malawi reported by Brown et al in these pages has both attributes. Their study is important not only because their prospectively conducted trial is a first for sub-Saharan Africa but also because it points to other public health opportunities. The roughness consists of their study's unpolished aspects, whereas emergent properties are considerations not contemplated by the authors. From October 2008 through August 2009, Brown et al recruited 90% of 267 eligible newly diagnosed HIV-positive men and women attending 2 hospital-based outpatient sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi. Participant ''index patients'' able to provide locating information on their sexual partners for the 3-month period preceding HIV diagnosis were randomized to 1 of 3 notification methods: self referral (index patient notifies own partners), contract referral (index patient given 7 days to refer nominated partners; if referral unsuccessful, health worker anonymously notifies partners); or provider referral (health worker anonymously notifies index patient's nominated partners). Index patients were asked to return to the clinic 2 weeks after enrollment to discuss CD4 test results and initiation of HIV care; during this visit, index patients were also queried about notification and referral outcomes of sexual partners. Most index patients were women, married, and named only a single partner. In total, 302 partners were named (1.25 per index patient), of whom nearly three-quarters were main partners; locating information was available for 84% of partners. Index patients also indicated that they intended to resume sex with nearly three quarters of their partners. One hundred seven partners were successfully referred to the clinics, and the proportion of locatable partners presenting to the clinics was 24% in the self referral, 51% in the contract referral, and 51% in the provider referral, arm. Almost all successfully referred persons were main partners: of the 97 main partners, 64% were HIV positive, as were 57% of the 7 casual partners tested, and 3 persons were not tested. The preceding 2 sentences contain the results prompting the focus of this editorial: the missing information ''roughness'' in their reported PN process and outcomes and the emergent considerations that should accompany the finding of remarkably high proportions of HIV-positive partners. First, the authors do not discuss reasons for the modest partner referral rates. Considering that the vast majority were stable partners with whom index patients intended to continue their sexual relationship, the observed 51% partner referral success rate in both the contract and provider referral arms needs clarification. Perhaps power dynamics between the sexes influenced these referral outcomes, considering that most index cases were women and their partners, men. Not only were many, if not most, of the uncaptured half of partners presumably known and locatable by index patients, but referral assistance by health aides was the integral operational aspect of each non-self referral arm. Is this glass half full because locatable partners were reluctant to be referred or tested or is it half empty because health aides were inexperienced, insufficiently trained, or passive with demurring partners? Regrettably, the authors are silent on this crucial operational issue. Nor do they supply sufficient descriptions of their notification procedures; such details would be of particular interest because they were implemented in a pioneering context, sub-Saharan Africa. For example, in settings where monogamy is the dominant arrangement, would not partners automatically assume that their solo partner was the HIV-infected party? Were partners,


Within the Solutrean portable corpus gathered from Rochefort cave, a series of twenty-five items was isolated. It is mainly made up of herbivore ribs but also of fragments of long bones and ivory that are showing different types of incisions. Their lay out does not indicate simple grooves related to butchering activities. Remarkable items such as an entire brown bear rib or a fragment of mammoth tusk are part of this series of incised pieces. These symbolic engraved decorations are known for the Solutrean period but the imprecise chronostratigraphic contexts of most of the older collections make them unreliable items of reference. As the search for comparisons has not really been fruitful, the Rochefort cave corpus singles out by the quantity and quality of the objects that have been inventoried.


The relationships between blood flow and arterial tone have fascinated physiologists for decades. Increased and decreased flows result in vessel relaxation and contraction, respectively. Consequently, when pharmacological or neurochemical events constrict an artery, the increased flow and shear stress stimulate a compensatory vasorelaxation to restore the vessel tone, returning the average shear stress to near its previous level. The endothelium is now recognized as the principal vascular signal transducer that responds to changes of flow,1 including the release of nitric oxide (NO). Endothelium-derived NO then acts on smooth muscle guanylate cyclase to relax the vessel. There is much evidence to suggest that shear stress is the principal stimulus for activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for converting arginine to citrulline and NO. However, the mechanisms that lead from hemodynamic forces at the endothelial luminal surface to the activation of eNOS remain murky. Although sustained increases in flow stimulate eNOS gene expression, these transcriptional mechanisms are likely to be downstream from the rapid (and reversible) signaling required for minute-to-minute adjustments of arterial diameter. Efforts have therefore been concentrated on second messenger pathways studied principally in …


Three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide/polypyrrole (GO/PPy) composite electrodes have been fabricated via one-step electrochemical co-deposition in an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomers, GO and LiClO4. The concentration of GO in the solution plays an important role in controlling the morphologies of the as-deposited GO/PPy composites, and a relatively low concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 is favorable for the formation of a 3D interconnected structure. The unique 3D interconnected structure ensures fast diffusion of electrolyte ions through the electrode. As a result, the GO/PPy composite electrode with a mass loading of 0.26 mg cm−2 exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 481.1 F g−1, while the electrode with a larger mass loading of 1.02 mg cm−2 delivers the best area capacitance of 387.6 mF cm−2, at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Moreover, the GO/PPy composite electrodes exhibit good rate capability with capacitance retentions over 80% when the current density load increases from 0.2 to 10 mA cm−2. Both the aqueous and solid-state supercapacitors based on GO/PPy composite electrodes show excellent capacitive properties with good cycling stability, indicating their suitability for applications in energy storage and management.


ABSTRACT. 1 The locust displayed clear preferences in the ranking of five possible food plants: wheat > barley =Cypeius alternifolia > chives > lemon grass. 2 In two‐species stands of constant numerical density, the locust grazed selectively on the less‐favoured plant when it was relatively less abundant. 3 The behavioural mechanism of selective grazing was a change in the readiness to eat a plant as its relative frequency changed: i.e. the consumption/encounter ratio rose as relative density fell. 4 With the exception of Cyperus, which nutritionally is below chives, the preference ranking matched nutritional ranking as estimated by rearing‐success on single plant species. 5 It is suggested that such negative frequency‐dependent selection may be a common strategy for polyphagous herbivores as it permits a wide dietary intake without hazards from potentially toxic foods.


The differences and connections among the general solution,special solution and all solutions of ODE in higher mathematics are discussed with the aid of instances.And the approaches to the order reduction method of the second order linear differential equation and the solution to solve special solution of the second order non-linear differential equation with second-order constant coefficient in higher mathematics are illustrated.


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine micronucleus (MN) frequencies in exfoliated cervical cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with PCOS and 11 healthy control patients were included in the study. Cervical smears and peripheral blood were collected from all patients. Specimens were analyzed for MN frequencies and compared between the groups. In addition to MN, other nuclear anomalies connected with both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Results: The MN frequencies in cervical smear and peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared in patients with PCOS and normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (p=0.239). The mean MN scores in exfoliated cervical cells of patients with PCOS and normal controls were 1.19±0.57 and 0.74±0.34, respectively. The difference regarding micronucleus frequencies in cervical cells was statistically significant between the groups (p=0.032). Conclusion: Although study group is small, our study results support that there is an increased micronucleus frequency in cervical exfoliated cells of PCOS patients; this is a determinant of genetic hazard in the disease.


Abstract. The article examines the problems of professional training of music teachers with and without initial musical training in the conditions of the modern educational environment. In the course of the study, a survey of students and teachers of music faculties of five pedagogical universities of Ukraine was conducted. As a result of the survey, it was found out that there are applicants without primary music education. It is noted that this makes it much more difficult for this category of students to master the subjects of the music cycle and indicates the existence of adaptive problems in them. It was established that this situation arose due to the lack of a creative competition during admission to the university. It was emphasized that part of the interviewed students expressed a desire to attend additional courses to improve their knowledge level, and a list of issues with which difficulties most often arise was clarified. Attention is focused on students' opinions on improving academic performance, improving musical skills and realizing their own creative ambitions. Respondents expressed their opinions regarding the introduction of distance education and the use of information technologies in certain subjects. The results of the teachers' survey confirm the presence of students without initial musical training. It was established that in connection with this, part of the teachers has a need to find and develop new pedagogical methods or technologies, to create new didactic material. The main attention is focused on highlighting the environmental conditions for the training of future music teachers. The opinions of teachers regarding the use of innovative educational technologies, definition of the concepts of "personalization", "educational environment" and "personal educational environment" were clarified. The author's definitions of the concept of "personal educational environment" and proposals for the use of information technologies in the process of training music teachers are given. A list of disciplines that can be effectively studied with the help of information technologies (remotely) has been defined. It has been established that teachers are conducting search for new forms of work in classes, using elements of the educational environment, innovative educational technologies. The need to create a personal educational environment that will provide an opportunity to improve the quality of professional training of future music teachers is emphasized. Key words: educational environment, professional training of music teachers, elementary musical training.


The survey research objectives were to study knowledge, awareness, participation of waste management, and waste management behavior levels, and effects of independent variables comprising of knowledge, awareness and participation of waste management affecting waste management behavior. The  survey research questionnaires were conducted to collect 299 people of Ban Kanhug, Si Kaew Sub-district, Muang District, Roi-et Province. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to determine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The findings illustrated that in holistic view of study knowledge, awareness, participation of waste management, and waste management behavior were at most level in all aspects. Moreover, independent variables of knowledge, awareness, participation of waste management, environmental conservation inspiration with public mind affected to  dependent variable of waste management behavior of community people with 64.30 percents of power prediction (Adjusted R 2  = 0.643). The knowledge of waste management was the highest effect with 0.395 and subsequence was participation with 0.313.Recommendation of the research, the knowledge and participation of waste management are the most important factor to affect to waste management behavior. Therefore, the local administrative organization should hold the activities to give knowledge and persuade villagers to gain more knowledge and participate to join waste management in village.


Using a color code, how to perform the OTP authentication, generating a color code for generating the OTP by the time the OTP terminal and an authentication server based, wherein the OTP terminal corresponding to a binary code representing the OTP, further comprising: a display unit displaying the color code, the method comprising: obtaining a color code, the camera is the display, and decoding the said authentication server, the obtained color code into a binary code, to create a password for the decoded binary code means and a step wherein the authentication server comprises the step of performing authentication by comparing the OTP and the password that it generates.


The microbial inoculants have the direct influence on improving the soil health and also in increasing the soil microflora and beneficial microorganisms which enhance the crop growth and yield. The bacteria (42.20, No×106 cfu/g soil), fungi (32.83, No×103 cfu/g soil) and actinomycetes (27.63, No×104 cfu/g soil) population was maximum in combined inoculation of microbial inoculants viz., Azotobacter chroococcum, Glucanobacter diazotrophicus, Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum, with 75 per cent N, P with full dose of K. similarly the beneficial microorganisms like Azotobacter chroococcum, (18.70, No×106 cfu/g soil) Glucanobacter diazotrophicus, (22.54, No×106 cfu/g soil) Bacillus megaterium(13.56, No×106 cfu/g soil) and Trichoderma harzianum(16.47, No×103 cfu/g soil) population was maximum in the same treatment compared to control treatment(FYM alone T14).


Loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta, distributed a long all tropical regions around the world. In the pacific ocean its nesting beaches are foun in japan, the offspring born there migrate 12,000 km approximately to feed. Some of these turtles congregate on the coast that make up the Gulf of Ulloa, within which find a Biological Active Center (BAC), those are oceanographic regions that got high biological productivity, so those are of ecological and economic importance given the amount of resources associated with it. On the other hand, within this zone there are fishing communities with a lot of roots, which gives it social importance because fishing is the main source of income for these communities. In this area there have been stranding of C. caretta, reaching its historical maximun in 2012 and 2013, without determining the causes of these events, although it has been proposed that the interaction of this species with riparian fishing could be the cause of these, nevertheless, the study of other ecological aspects of the species such as its natural mortality have been left aside. Allen (1971) showed that the natural mortality rate M is close to the biomass production ratio (P/B) of the population, provided that the population is in a steady state; under this assumption, the construction of an ecotrophic model Ecopath with Ecosim with simulations scenarios of enviromental and anthropogenic variability, allowed estimating ecological attributes of the species such as its biomass (0.100 t/km2), ecotrophic efficiency (0.5), trophic level (3.37) and production/biomass (1.023 biomass/year), on the other hand, the scenarios proved the hypothesis of the work by showing that the temperature got a greater influence on the organism in comparison with the incidental catch resulting from the fishing effort (f) of the zone, by showing higher values of M in cold temperatures, even in the scenario with absence of f (1.11). The model also allowed to estimate with certainty the values of the system corroborating its production capacity with a total primary production of 1405.415 t/km2/year. These results indicate that the warm temperatures are beneficial for the species, therefore, the information of this work could provide a new approach for the study and conservation of this sea turtle species, emphasizing these efforts in the knowledge of the ecological attributes of the sea turtle like so the climatological and oceanographic factors in wich it develop.


The COVID-19 outbreak is arguably one of the greatest public health challenges of our time. Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in birds and mammals. They usually cause mild and self-limiting respiratory tract infections, however, in the past decade they have caused lethal outbreaks including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS). The current coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic has caused just over 30 000 deaths in the UK as of 5 May 2020, with several trials currently in progress to develop a vaccine against the virus (UK Government, 2020). Other countries and territories affected by COVID-19 worldwide are represented in Fig. 1. This article aims to describe the impact of COVID-19 on primary care in the UK, particularly in England.


It is notoriously difficult to gain a clear understanding of St Paul's attitude to the law, partly due to the ambivalence of his thinking and-language on the subject.' Nevertheless, it is a subject which brings us right to the heart of his theology. H. J. Schoeps2 has called this, &dquo;the most intricate doctrinal issue in his theology&dquo;. The problem is to understand how a Jew, brought up in the most rigorous school of his religion (Phil 3:5; Gal 1:14) to delight in the Torah as &dquo;the embodiment of knowledge and truth&dquo; (Rom 2:20), and as the highest revelation of God's will, could come to regard the law as superseded as a way of salvation (Gal 3:11; Rom 3:21, 28), and even to see in it a stumbl-


Bryan Reynolds, Chancellor's Professor of the University of California, Irvine, crosses to the podium and looks out. Having just heard a list of his many accomplishments as an interdisciplinary scholar and theorist, playwright and theatre director, we might find Reynolds's tracksuit-and-Cuban-hat ensemble a bit surprising. And then, as Reynolds begins his lecture, we are caught off-guard again by his fractured, halting delivery. "We are here...," he says, pausing, "it is important that...." Abruptly, Reynolds stops to stare out like a man who has wandered into the wrong room, or like the victim of a micro-stroke. "Most important," he resumes, "is that...." Reynolds pauses again to look into the wings, as if expecting someone to arrive. "We are gathered so we can stop...."Reynolds's glitchiness is already having a defamiliarizing effect, subverting the expectations we bring with us to a lecture. Reynolds's odd affect appears to be infectious as well-a few members of the audience laugh a little too loudly as Reynolds describes being "tickled to death." We hear music too now, a low pulsing score, as high-res digital imagery begins to flicker on a screen upstage-a fast-paced montage of skiers and sky divers intercut with affectively-charged close-ups of insects and animals and with long shots of cities and planets. For better or worse, we are sliding away from the standard framework of the university lecture... but toward what? The question remains a good one for the length of the evening, which, it turns out, is designed to draw our attention, not to any fixed destination, but to exactly this kind of swerving across familiar discursive and disciplinary boundaries.A strong case can be made that, like most forms of art, theatre runs on the experience of surprise. The lead character of a comedy opens his apartment door expecting a drinking buddy and encounters his mother-in-law instead; Agamemnon walks the red carpet expecting a warm bath and encounters instead the edge of a knife. We bond with the characters on stage as they experience the free-fall of stable frameworks suddenly being pulled out from beneath their feet. Seeing them scramble in the face of unmediated experience in all its vividness, we discover a degree of vicarious freedom from the confining narratives and routine assumptions that dim the intensity of our encounters with the world. Watching the same production unfold night after night in front of different audiences (which is how I have learned most of what I know about theatre), I can feel the tension in the air rise and then release as such moments arrive and pass, we in the audience knitted into a single entity by our common responses.Surprises also arise within the sober discursive machines we know of as "lectures." Almost always there will come a moment when the glass of water on the lectern spills, or the power point fails to appear on the screen, or the word dancing on the tip of the speaker's tongue suddenly vanishes. At such moments, a speaker's performance is complicated by a wayward intimacy with the audience that collapses our emotional distance and slows the passage of time. Good speakers use this intimacy to heighten our attention, drawing us in. Already, at the outset of Fractalicious!, Reynolds has radically amplified this effect. In its pauses and its lurches forward, Fractalicious! occupies the middle ground between a lecture and a performance piece, and Reynolds rides the intensive energies flowing back and forth between these two very different cultural topologies. And as it taps an Artaudian delirium, Fractalicious! illuminates the way we constitute and reconstitute ourselves continuously in an embodied and affective fashion that can only be conveyed with any accuracy via performance. Based in critical theory, the performance of Fractalicious! is physically grounded, and this embodiment of conceptual thought is actually among its most provocative artistic claims.With his first lines, Reynolds evokes closeness as a central theme. …


Objective: To study the cytogenesis of colorectal carcinoma and to look for colorectal carcinoma related to chromosomal fragility sites which could facilitate screening of high risk colorectal carcinoma patients. Methods: 50 cases of colorectal carcinomas and 50 healthy men surrounding blood lymphocytes were analysed chromosomal fragility sistes. Results: Among the 50 cases of colorectal carcinomas, there are 32 cases of chromosome structural abnormalities. The most frequently found structural abnormalities in colorectal carcinoma were breakpoint 1q11 and 1q21. 1q21 neighboring locus was original carcinoma gene SKI. Conclusion: The results suggest that breakpoint 1q21 may be related to tumorgenesis and may be useful in screening and preventing colorectal carcinoma.


The physical meaning of MTF is discussed in this paper. The MTF of lens and film is studied, and then the MTF of commerciality is analyzed. This will provides some reference for choosing or using camera and film.


In this study, components of the creation of open spaces along the riverside and human activity during the later Edo Period were explored through examination of the illustrations in "Yodogawa Ryogan Ichiran" which depicts scenic spots along the Yodo River in the Edo Period. Riverside scenic spots of the period and greenery landscapes were also clarified. It revealed that the riverside was bustling with life within the city center, and the combination of spaces used in various ways, such as for boat traffic, the uniquely shaped revetments, riverside structures, and so on, in conjunction with single, tall trees created an overall well-integrated space. Entertainment spots were created in the out-lying areas of the city through a greenery landscape which consisted of lines of trees planted in mass around the riverbank. At famous spots within the city suburbs, structures such as ferries, shrines, temples and castles served as auxiliary landscapes against the background landscape of trees in the precinct and hills. Additionally, a more verdant landscape was created in the city suburbs through the overlapping greenery of grass and trees near the waterfront, as well as individual and groups of trees on the plains and in the mountain range.


The advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies dramatically reshaped genomics by allowing to produce huge amounts of sequencing data with reduced per-base costs. The capability to determine Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) sequences without any a priori knowledge on the cytogenetic profile of the host cell shed new light on several biological processes involving both coding and non-coding genes. NGS also revolutionised cancer genomics, where these techniques have been widely used to identify chromosomal aberrations such as gene fusions, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) or Copy Number Variations (CNVs), responsible for cancer onset and progression. The possibility to recognize these alterations and to focus on those with higher driver impact in the pathology under investigation, accounted in the last decade for the implementation of a novel type of medical approach referred to as Personalized Medicine, where patient specific sequencing data are exploited to prevent, diagnose and treat, with tailored therapeutic procedures, the disease. The complexity and huge dimensions characterizing NGS datasets, make essential the constant interaction among several professions, such as biologists, biotechnologists, mathematicians, physicists, physicians and computer scientists to design opportune strategies for data storing, management, analysis and interpretation. This novel multidisciplinary research field in which computational methodologies and algorithms are applied to gain novel insights into living systems and pathologies is called Bioinformatics. The work proposed in this thesis fits one of bioinformatics objectives, that is the development of computational methods and tools for the identification of genomic alterations in sequencing data, specifically RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. The implemented methodologies and tools, namely VDJSeq-Solver, isomiR-SEA and FuGePrior, were designed to investigate three genomic aberrations (i.e., abnormal B cell clonal populations, deregulated miRNA and isomiR expression patterns, and gene fusion occurrence) known to be correlated to the onset progression and prognosis of multi-factorial diseases such as cancer. These tools implement a novel in silico approach for disease characterization from sequencing data and, even exploiting informatics algorithms, were designed considering latest biological knowledge. Their performance were assessed on both private and public datasets and the provided results validated by wet-lab experiments or, when not possible, evaluated by considering up-to-date scientific literature. The activities summarized in this manuscript arise from a productive interaction with different Universities, Hospitals and Research Institutes. Specifically, VDJSeq-Solver tool design and testing took advantage from sharing medical and molecular expertise with the Department of Diagnostics and Public Health of the University of Verona (Italy). The first release of isomiR-SEA benefited from my collaboration with the Laboratory of Oncogenomics of the Institute for Cancer Research (IRCC) in Candiolo (Italy). Finally, the concepts at the basis of FuGePrior tool stem from my research activity within the European Project Next Generation Sequencing for Targeted Personalized Therapy of Leukaemia (NGS-PTL). All the research proposed in this thesis was published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.


The effect of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component on the distribution of dayside large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) is modeled. The study is done by dividing these FACs into a "cusp part" and a "noncusp part" according to the coexisting plasma. We propose that the location of the cusp part FACs shifts in the longitudinal direction whereas the location of the noncusp part FACs shifts in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions in response to the IMF By. If combined, the noncusp part region 1 FAC can be found poleward of the cusp part FAC systems when the IMF By is strong. Since these two FACs (the cusp region FAC and the poleward-leaped region 1 FAC) flow in the same direction poleward of the cusp, they reinforce each other in building a strong FAC which is called DPY-FAC. The strong IMF By effect on the dayside FACs near local noon is thus explained by this model. Another important result is that the polewardmost part of the DPY-FAC (or NBZ current under strong IMF By) flows on closed field lines even though it is located where the polar cap conventionally exists. Relative distortions of noncusp part FAC compared to the polar cap size are expected to be less significant when the IMF is southward as compared to IMF northward, yet the distortion itself is expected even for southward IMF as long as |By| > |Bz|. The present model is supported by Viking particle and magnetic field data.


Since evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with mitral prolapse by echo may be challenging, cardiac MRI (CMR) has been used for identification of patients with severe valve disease. Little is known about potential factors influencing accuracy of this approach.

 To study the impact of left ventricular (LV) contouring methods and interobserver variability on quantitation of MR severity.

 A total of 50 asymptomatic patients with echocardiographically moderate or severe MR were included to LV-REGURGE study and evaluated with CMR by two independent reviewers. LV volumes were calculated on SSFP short axis stack including or excluding intracavitary myocardium into/from the LV volume ("including" or "excluding" method, respectively). Aortic flow volumes were obtained using phase contrast method. Mitral regurgitant volume (RegVol) was calculated by subtracting forward aortic volume from LV stroke volume. Severe MR was diagnosed when RegVol >60mL and/or RegVol/LV stroke volume (RF) >40%. Agreement between MR grading into severe and non-severe, obtained by different tracing methods and different reviewers was assessed using kappa coefficient.

 Left ventricular and mitral regurgitant volumes obtained by "including" method were significantly larger as compared with "excluding" method, see table. "Including" method identified severe MR in 68% while "excluding" method in 57% of cases. Overall agreement between the methods was present in 84% of cases, meaning a substantial rate of agreement (κ 0.67). Within respective methods, interobserver agreement was present in 77% of cases, interpreted as a moderate rate of agreement (κ 0.48–0.54)

 "Including" trabeculae and papillary muscles into the LV cavity volume substantially increases rate of recognizing severe MR, due to larger LV volumes, particularly LV ESV, comparing with the "excluding" method. Moreover, inter-observer variability in similar extent as tracing method seems to impact differentiation between severe and non-severe MR.

 Type of funding source: None


As computers become more powerful and video processing schemes improve, the problem of efficiently organizing and searching through videos becomes increasingly important. While the question of searching for objects in preprocessed or indexed videos is an important one, so is the problem of searching for objects in realtime video that has not been indexed. This question of searching realtime video has many applications, especially in the field of robotics and autonomous vehicle navigation. It can be further broken down into problems of searching for known objects (e.g. the backs of cars or pedestrians), or searching for new objects on the fly (e.g. returning to a specific location). In the former case, an expensive training phase for the object recognizer is not particularly bad, as the training can happen offline. However, in the latter phase, online training and subsequent search (classification) must be fast. One standard way to do object search is using SIFT descriptors to identify and match parts of query images and candidate images. However, this approach can be slow for classification, and could also be faster at training. Other methods optimize for classification, but at the detriment of training time. We propose the use of generic trees for realtime object search, and improve on the classification time taken by SIFT approximately by a factor of 5. Our approach also supports very fast training, taking no longer than it takes to search for an object in one candidate image. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides the background and an overview of the previous related work. Section 3 explains in detail our proposed scheme, before going into the analysis and results in section 4. Finally, section 5 reviews the main features of our method and gives some possible directions for future work.


A single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly. The right coronary artery, originating from distal left circumflex, is an extremely rare variety of a single coronary artery. Our report is accompanied by a brief review of the literature.


Aim

To describe the measurement of pain after oral surgery.

Materials and methods

A review of the literature describing the scales used to rate pain intensity, pain assessment by questionnaire, assessment of pain in children and older adults, the third molar pain model and factors affecting the pain experience in the context of managing pain after oral surgery.

Results

The most frequently used single-rating scales are the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Faces Pain Scale. The surgical removal of a lower third molar with bone removal is associated with severe post-operative pain and the procedure is used as a model for investigation of analgesic efficacy.

Conclusions

If pain is not assessed, then it is unlikely that it will be properly treated. The scales to measure pain intensity such as the NRS that can be used readily in the hospital, clinic or over the phone when the patient has been discharged home.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in sudden life-altering paralysis with chronic medical consequences. Although no clinical therapy is currently available to reverse paralysis, a number of biomacromolecule drug candidates in the form of proteins, enzymes and monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated restoration of function in studies with SC animal models. However, the inability to address drug formulation stability issues and overcome delivery barriers has limited the clinical translation of these promising drugs. To address this inadequacy, we designed a versatile injectable hydrogel platform and investigated its utility for local delivery of biomacromolecules to SCI contusion lesions. To develop this hydrogel platform we synthesized a library of different tri-thiol-functionalized ethoxylated polyol esters (TEPE) and combined these entities with PEG diacrylates (PEGDA) of various molecular weights to form crosslinked materials with diverse physiochemical properties using Michael addition thiol-ene chemistry. This hydrogel platform afforded unprecedented temporal control over both material degradation and the triphasic release of model biomacromolecule drugs over a 5 to 35 day period. Favorably, these materials display fast and controllable gelation kinetics under physiological conditions as well as non-swelling hydrolytic degradation profiles making them amendable for use in volume constrained anatomical sites within the spinal cord. Many of the biomacromolecule drugs of interest for SCI are complex and fragile making them susceptible to aggregation, denaturation and loss of activity during biomaterial encapsulation and controlled release. We devised a strategy to improve the long-term functional stability of biomacromolecules within hydrogels by covalently incorporating trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, into hydrogel networks by reacting trehalose diacrylate monomers with TEPEs and PEGDA. The covalent incorporation of trehalose within hydrogels afforded prolonged stabilization and controlled release of model enzymes in vitro and in vivo via a proposed mechanism of strong and ordered hydrogen bonding interactions. There is currently limited information pertaining to the performance of hydrogel therapies in non-penetrating contusive SCI, which represents the dominant injury mode observed clinically. Therefore, in the final part of this thesis we evaluated biomacromolecule drug delivery outcomes following intrathecal and intraparenchymal injection of


Experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the effect of potassium and moisture regimes on sheath moisture, physiological parameters and cane yield. Four irrigation regimes and six levels of K application were accommodated in split plot design, replicated thrice. Results revealed that sheath moisture content was optimum with irrigation scheduled at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio during tillering and grand growth phase (11). Even with restricted irrigation regimes, there was optimum sheath moisture index of 80 to 82 per cent at early growth phase, 80 per cent at grand growth phase and 77 to 78 per cent at ripening and maturity phases. Further reduction in irrigation level (13), caused a reduction in sheath moisture content and cane yield. The results on physiological parameters of sugarcane revealed that irrigation scheduled at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio during tillering and grand growth phase (11) recorded higher DMP and LAI. Under early drought conditions, application of 168 Kg K2O/ ha or application of 112 Kg K2O har+ 2.5 per cent foliar spray of KC at 45, 75 and 105 DP recorded more dry matter production (DMP) and leaf area index (LAI).


Turkey is among the most important biodiversity areas of the world. For this reason Biodiversity education is a necessity for Turkey and researches on this issue is important. The identification of environmental ethics approaches that will form the basis for students' thinking about important environmental issues such as biodiversity will present different perspectives for the solution of this issue which has become an environmental problem and will affect environmental behavior. The aim of this study is to determine tthe students' environmental ethics approaches for the importance of biodiversity. The case study was used in the study within the qualitative research model. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire form consisting of open ended questions was used. Content analysis and percent value calculations were made for the analysis of collected data. Categories and codes were created in the light of the answers given to the questions . According to the results of the study, students answered the most anthropocentric ethical approach in all questions. It can be said that this approach is more dominant in students.


Subnanogram detection limits have not been published for any on-line GC/FT-IR system which employs light-pipes. Several approaches aimed at achieving this goal provide (in theory) the means for improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of most current systems by more than an order of magnitude. While lower detection limits are possible, the practical detection limits of a single-beam GC/FT-IR measurement remain limited by the dynamic range of most affordable analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). In GC/FT-IR a very wide dynamic range is required since the amplitude modulation due to analyte absorption is extremely small in com-parison to the strong signal at the centerburst of the interferogram.


Abstract : The subject cargo handling system is designed so a ship can handle on cargo throughout (either RO/RO, containers or break bulk), or all three types simultaneously in different holds and/or different decks. The convertibility concept is based on a standard RO/RO ship arrangement, with a hinged ramp to the pier and interior fixed ramps to all levels of the holds, and watertight doors in bulkheads between holds. Additionally, the ship has hatches over all holds, for vertical movement of LO/LO cargos, including containers in cell guides, with all interior tween deck hatches open and all watertight doors closed. All hatches, including main deck hatches, are flush to facilitate movement of RO/RO at all levels. Steel angle container cell guides are fixed to the underside of all tween deck hatch covers. The guides are out of the way in the overhead when the hatches are closed for RO/RO or break bulk operations, and they are automatically deployed when the covers are opened for container loading.


ABSTRACT Germination, survival and seed production of annuals were observed for two years in 100 permanent quadrats (0.5 × 0.5 m), representing the vegetation of the loess plain Sede Zin in the Negev desert (average annual rainfall 90 mm). The first year (1972/73) was extremely dry (48 mm). Significant germination of many species occurred, but in most habitats survival and seed production were very low. Thus, germination resulted in considerable net population losses in some species. However, 1973/74 was rainy (155 mm), and germination occurred in a wider range of species and habitats. Survival and seed production were high and almost all populations recovered their losses or far exceeded them. An analysis of the demography of six species (Schismus arabicus, Spergularia diandra, Erodium bryoniifolium, Gymnarrhena micrantha, Carrichtera annua, Filago desertorum) in several habitats shows a rather different time-space pattern of germination, survival and seed production in each. This pattern can be related ...


Photoelectron spectra of nitrosyl fluoride, chloride and bromide have been recorded at high resolution, using He(I) 584 A radiation. Plausible assignments are presented, based mainly on calculated orbital energies.


Objective To evaluate the operative techniques and clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for acetabular protrusion combined with shortening of femoral head and neck.Methods From August 2008 to March 2012,15 patients (17 hips) with acetabular protrusion combined with shortening of femoral head and neck were treated with THA.They were 6 males (6 hips) and 9 females (11 hips),aged from 21 to 68 years (average,45.6 years).According to Dunlop' s criteria,the acetabular protrusion was mild in one hip,moderate in 11 hips and severe in 5 hips.Mild shortening was present in 5 hips,moderate shortening in 8 hips and severe shortening in 4 hips.The acetabular walls were rasped respectively.Auto-bone grafting was impacted on the acetabular bottom to recover the acetabular center of rotation and cementless prostheses were planted with press-fit skills.The hip capsule and surrounding soft tissues were released after reduction of the hip.At regular follow-ups,hip functions were evaluated by Harris scores and roentgenographic assessment of bone healing at the prosthesis-bone interface was performed according to Engh' s description.Results The mean follow-up was 28.5 months (range,from 10 to 46 months).Biologic press-fit of the acetabulum and femoral component was achieved in all hips immediately after operation.Massive bone ingrowth was acquired for bony stabilization at 3 months postoperatively on X-ray.No prosthetic loosening or re-protrusion was observed at the last follow-up.The mean Harris score improved from preoperative 43.1 ± 4.8 points to 91.2 ± 5.2 points at the 6-month follow-up,and remained 92.5 ± 3.1 points at the last follow-up.There were significant differences between preoperation and 6 months post-operation and the last follow-up respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusions Acetabular protrusion combined with shortening of femoral head and neck can be effectively treated by THA.The key operative techniques are hip reduction with a short head and neck model,and gradual releasing of the contracture of hip capsule and surrounding soft tissues while a sufficient tension is maintained at the hip joint.

Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip;  Acetabulum;  Femoral head;  Shortening


Background : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by higher blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) caused by impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance or both. Diabetes mellitus in Semarang City in 2018 is the second non-communicable disease after hypertension with a total og 47248 cases. Kedungmundu Public Health Care is one of largest Public Health Care with cases of diabetes mellitus in Semarang City with a total 0f 3165 cases. Objective : The purpose of this study to determine the effect of education four pillars management type 2 diabates mellitus with WhatsApp social media apllication-based on education of knowledge, attiudes and behavior of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Prolanist participants atKedungmundu Public Health Care. Method : This research method using quasi-experimental pre - post test with control group design. The number of respondentwas 27 controls and 25 treatments. Data collected were knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The test used to determine the interaction between variables is the Wilcoxon test and paired T-test with 95% confidence level. Results : There is the influence of  WhatsApp social media apllication-based on education of knowledge, attiudes and behavior (p value = 0.000). Conclusion : Providingeducation of four pillars management diabetes type 2 with WhatsApp media effective to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior prolanist participants.


The authors describe an ATM interface (ATMI) chip that can be used in the implementation of user-network interfaces (UNIs) as well as network-node interfaces (NNIs). This chip performs the following functions: ATM header modification, addition or removal of local routing tags, policing, interfacing with a local processor, and inserting cells into and extracting cells from the ATM link, and gathering statistics for each VC/VP. The ATMI allows fully distributed control of ATM switches eliminating the bottleneck caused by a central controller performing call processing functions.<<ETX>>


in his army estimates, he cut down colonial garrisons ruthlessly. Still one might qualify Dr. Stacey's generalization that "mid-Victorian Englishmen were in general men of little faith", by claiming first that in domestic affairs they were almost too complacent, and in the second place that, politics apart, mid-Victorian men of action like Livingstone, Gordon, and the Lawrences, all and always erred on the side of audacity. The shrewdest point made in the book is that even the drastic reductions introduced by British Liberals in their imperial responsibilities worked towards a sounder empire or commonwealth in the future; in Dr. Stacey's words, "if the unity of the Empire was ultimately to survive the prevalence of these views in the mother country, it could only be by virtue of a shift in the balance of imperial responsibilities commensurate with that which had taken place in the balance of imperial authority". Space forbids further comment on an exciting subject, but room must be found at least for Dr. Stacey's repeated proofs that however reluctant England may have been to continue military expenditure for Canadian defence, she very handsomely "footed the bill", long after Earl Grey's despatch in 1851 had reminded Canadians of their duty towards themselves; so that as late as 1867-8 it was still true that the British contribution to Canadian defence, 51,243,423, was about four times what the dominion itself was spending on the same items. There is colour in such stray touches as that the last_battalion of regulars to occupy the citadel at Quebec belonged to a regiment which had fought under Wolfe, and the reminder that "John A's" disappearance for a week, and for obvious reasons, may have helped to defeat the Militia Bill in 1862 is the kind of humorous aside which helps even serious history. This, then, is an admirable book on a subject hitherto neglected, written with judgment, knowledge, and literary skill, and a credit to Canadian scholarship. J. L. Mo•so•


The development of network economy and the increase in consumer demand often lead to consumer attitudinal ambivalence in consumption decisions. Compared to traditional unidimensional attitude,attitudinal ambivalence can shed light on consumer psychology more accurately and also help to explain consumer behavior. Based on existing domestic and foreign research on consumer attitudinal ambivalence,this paper mainly describes the concept,measurement,antecedents,consequences and management strategy against consumer attitudinal ambivalence. Then it gives future research directions.


In the summer of 2008, the U.S. government contracted a four-year study of deepwater corals, natural reefs, and artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico. The study focuses primarily on the cold-water coral Lophelia, but includes a significant shipwreck component. Shipwrecks in the central Gulf of Mexico provide a hard substrate for reef development in an area of otherwise mostly soft silty sediments. Historic shipwrecks (over 50 years old) not only serve as artificial reefs, but are also an intricate part of our cultural heritage. Marine archaeologists from C & C Technologies (C & C), the PAST Foundation, and the University of West Florida joined with biologists, geophysicists, oceanographers, and other ocean scientists to investigate five deep-water shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico in September 2009. This was the second field season of the study, which is sponsored by the Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service (MMS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NOAA OER), and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). The field investigations utilized the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), Jason II, onboard NOAA's flagship R/V Ronald H. Brown. Jason II is a sophisticated ROV by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and is specifically designed for scientific research. The sites ranged in depth from 530 meters to 2,250 meters. This paper focuses on the archaeological and historical nature of the shipwreck component of the study.


Compressive stress-induced irreversible changes in the remanent magnetization (I r ) of iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys (52% cobalt and 5, 7, and 9% vanadium) quenched from 1100°C and tempered at temperatures in a range of 200-700°C were studied. A model to describe stress-induced I r reduction as functions of the stress level, magnetostriction, and coercive force was developed.


A recurrence relation is presented which connects the general (n' not=n) hydrogenic radial matrix element of rbeta , where beta is a complex number to matrix elements involving exponents beta +2, beta -1, and beta -2 but the same sets of quantum numbers. This identity is found solely from the boundary conditions on the wavefunctions and the radial differential equation and should be of use in simplifying rk forms given elsewhere. For n'=n, the recurrence relation reveals a proportionality between the - beta -2, beta -1 matrix elements that includes the Pasternack-Sternheimer identity as a special case. Further results may be obtained by beta -differentiation, and new identities for matrix elements of rk log (r) are given. The n'=n matrix elements of rk are studied for k>or=-1; closed-product expressions are found for k-values near the sum and difference of the angular momenta, so that simple prescriptions can be given for the iterative calculation of n-dependent explicit forms. It is suggested that complex-variable theory be applied to a study of these results.


Next generation Smart Cities have the potential to enhance the citizens quality of life and to reduce the overall energy expenditure. In particular, emerging smart metering technologies promise to greatly increase energy efficiency in the residential and industrial areas. In this context, new power metering methods such as Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) can provide important real-time information about the contribution of any single appliance. In this paper, we present a complete hardware-software design that concentrates locally an efficient event-based supervised NILM algorithm for load disaggregation. This new kind of power analysis, which usually requires high computing capability, is executed real-time on a low-cost and easy-to-install smart meter ready for the Internet of Things (IoT).


Many papers have been written on the design of gradient-index optical systems. The purpose of this paper is to review current technology in gradient-index materials research and to review the types of materials that are currently available. These include glass, materials made by ion exchange, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel, and phase-separated techniques, gradient-index germanium, zinc-selenide/zinc sulfide, and gradients in plastics.


He was admitted into the emergency room on September 2020 due to a three-day grade 3 emesis and rapidly progressive weight loss. Complementary studies showed grade 3 immune-related gastritis, with great response to corticosteroids within 2 days of treatment. He received metilprednisolone 1mg/kg/day for one month, and then, we started corticosteroid tapering. However, we could not lower the dose from prednisone 30 mg/day because grade 2 emesis and grade 2 diarrhea appeared. We considered starting Infliximab 5 mg/kg for corticosteroid refractory immunerelated toxicity(irAEs) but we needed an endoscopic study first, as ESMO guidelines recommend [1]. Pre-antiTNF screening with viral serologies an IGRA was negative.


By using the method of documentary,interview investigation and logical analysis,this paper studies the current situation of the construction and development of high-performance-sports-team in general universities of China and the relative objective suggestion was made.


Unexpected violent events conducted by industrial groups,as one of the prominent social problems and phenomena,have aroused wide attention in our society with their big scales and serious consequences. The present paper aims to describe the characteristics of such violent events and then presents an analysis of their causes.


We report on the restoration of center symmetry in two flavor large N Yang Mills lattice field theory with dynamical fermions in the adjoint representation. Numerical evidence is given to show correlators of |Pμ | tend to zero in the large N limit. Wilson fermions were employed on a 24 sized lattice for a variety of bare quark masses and coupling strength. We argue that this model may offer an alternative route to understanding the conformal window of Yang Mills with dynamical adjoint fermions.


Priority flow divider valve (PFDV) splits the flow in two different paths: Primary flow path and Secondary flow path. It can be used in twice applications: a system needs to perform dual functions against dual loads simultaneously and to obtain a stable flow by supplying a compensated flow from secondary flow line to the primary flow line using an energy storage device and a control valve. Two different hydraulic systems are identified to analyze the steady and dynamic performance of the PFDV. The first hydraulic system with PFDV is designed for automobile steering system with a load sensing control strategy in the presence of multiple actuators whereas second system is designed for wind turbine hydraulic power transmission to obtain stable power from it in the absence of generator. Both power hydraulic systems are modeled using bond graph technique and simulated in SYMBOLS SHAKTI software to analyze the PFDV performance.


We proposed a modified HS conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization.The formula satisfies sufficient descent condition under the strong Wolfe line search.Global convergence is proved under some proper conditions.


BACKGROUND: Emotional deprivation is recognized as a serious public health concern in developing countries. Of the various dimensions of ageing, physical vulnerability compounded by economic vulnerability resulting in emotional vulnerability is of great concern for developing societies like India where ageing occurs rapidly due to the phase of demographic transition OBJECTIVE: To assess the emotional deprivation of the elderly population and To find out the influence of different factors on emotional deprivation METHODOLOGY: A descriptive follow up community based study was conducted on population of elderly for a period of one year (October 2010 to September 2011) in four service areas namely Old Bhuvanagiri area, Mantakkarai, Omakkulam, and Sengattan of Urban Health Centre, under Department Of Community Medicine, Annamalai University of Chidambaram. Taking prevalence as 55%, with 95% confidence interval, the sample size necessary was calculated and arrived at 324. The tools used includes interview schedule and a modified version of 12 items General Health Questionnaire was used to measure emotional deprivation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17th version Software which included descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Emotional deprivation of the respondents through the visits measured has started with a lower level in the first visit (Mean: 28.273±12.85) and got increased in the subsequent visit (Mean: 36.64±11.35). In first visit majority had mild emotional deprivation (56.8%). But in last three visits majority had moderate emotional deprivation 80.2 %, 75.9% and 66.4% respectively. The role of different factors that influences the emotional deprivation such as age, marital status, financial security, dependency and living arrangement were found to be statistically significant in this study. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that there is high prevalence of emotional deprivation in the sample population. This study is an attempt, in this direction, to measure the emotional/psychological well-being among the elderly population and to analyze the factors responsible for this.


Background and Objectives Pre-marital screening program for beta-thalassemia is one of the most important preventive programs in Iranian health system. The results of this program in Isfahan province have been evaluated within 1376-89 (1997-2010) in the present article. Materials and Methods The method of this study is descriptive and cross-sectional using the current data, received from districts health centers of Isfahan province within 1376-89 (1997-2010). Then we analyzed the data by using SPSS-19 and Excel softwares.


The frequency of supply chain disruptions is growing. The recent supply chain disruptions and their costs emphasize the need for resilient supply chains. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate interactions between critical antecedents of supply chain resilience including risk management culture, supply chain connectivity, visibility, collaboration, agility, their impact on supply chain resilience, and finally on firm performance. Using the same antecedents and literature support, an empirical model has been proposed. The proposed model has been tested using rigorous statistical analysis such as reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity tests. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling has been used to validate the proposed model and the interdependencies between the critical antecedents. An important finding of this research is that organizations, using the proposed model, can develop and improve supply chain resilience capability by establishing the risk management culture through improving the risk awareness among employees and conducting periodic risk assessment exercises. In addition, the study suggests that organizations trying to achieve supply chain resilience must develop sufficient supply chain connectivity and visibility through adopting information and communications technologies and visibility tools for quick response and recovery from supply chain disruptions. Data collected from the Indian manufacturing sector are used to validate the model. The holistic view presented by the proposed model describes the inter-relationships between critical antecedents to achieve supply chain resilience. Concluding remarks and future research avenues have been presented.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of blood lipid, visfatin and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) variable in post-menopausal women after 12 weeks regular aerobic exercise progams. These subjects were classfied to two groups, who one group or exercise group(n=10) was participating in an exercise program for 12 weeks, and the other group or non-exercise group(n=10) was not in that program. And the aerobic exercise programs were performed by warm up, workout(treadmill running), and then cool down. All the measured data were represented by mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) using SPSS window package ver. 18.0 program. The results of all the studies and inspections are as followed: At first, in the body composition and blood pressure there were significant differences in body weight, percent fat, body mass index and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in exercise group. The investigation of this paper has shown the results, which involved in positive changes of 12 weeks regular aerobic exercise programs of body composition, blood pressure and blood lipids variables, visfatin, HOMA-IR, VEGF in post-menopausal women who had been to exercise regularly.


Though comparatively neglected, memory may be reckoned as significant as race, gender and class as a feature of dramatic character construction. As André Malraux once put it—presciently, in light of contemporary neuroscience—"One day it will be realized that men are distinguishable as much by the forms their memories take as by their characters."2 But if dramatic criticism has largely ignored memory,3 memory studies have characteristically overlooked drama: excellent, comprehensive, and essential works such as those by Edward S. Casey and Douwe Draisma4 make reference to not a single play. Just as the history of drama could be rewritten to include memory, the history of memory could be rewritten to include drama. We need to establish the category of "memographers"—thinkers and writers about memory irrespective of discipline. Focusing singularly on the dramatic construction of memory has the disadvantage of seeming to ignore the many other memory sites within theatre. But such concentration offers a vantage point for recognizing how dramatists have contributed to the conception of memory alongside philosophers and psychologists, as well as social and cognitive scientists. It also offers the salutary challenge to


Coherent rotation of magnetization in a grain is represented as the dynamics of a nonlinear oscillator excited by random force. A stochastic differential equation is introduced to study the role of thermal fluctuations and the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation is obtained. It is shown that conventional Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert damping is consistent with thermodynamics only for small deviations of the magnetization from the equilibrium state. An exact formula for the first passage time from the initial potential well is obtained.


Fibroelastolytic papulosis is an acquired elastic tissue disorder that includes the clinicopathological features of white fibrous papulosis of the neck (WFPN) and pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastosis (PXE-PDE). It is clinically characterized by discrete white papules occurring on the neck in middle-aged women and is histopathologically characterized by elastolysis and/or fibrosis in the upper dermis. An 80-year-old woman presented with multiple white papules on her anterior chest, which occurred 6 months prior to the presentation. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed some degree of fibrosis and elastolysis in the upper dermis. Thus, the final diagnosis in this case was compatible with fibroelastolytic papulosis considering that this patient showed clinicopathological features of both WFPN and PXE-PDE. Notably, this is the first case report that describes fibroelastolytic papulosis confined exclusively to the anterior chest. (Korean J Dermatol 2019;57(5):262∼264)


On 30 January 2020 (case C-307/18), the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") issued a preliminary ruling that sheds more light on the circumstances in which an agreement settling a patent dispute…


The influence of the Europeanization on the political processes of modernization in Turkey in the 20th - 21st centuries is studied. The main directions of inner political transformations, i.e. republicanism, etatism, laicism and nationalism, are analyzed. The inner and foreign policy factors hindering the accession of Turkey to the EU are considered. The estimation of the Europeanization by both foreign and Russian researchers is presented.


The system includes an anvil vibration welding, welding of the contact pin, and a thin-film sensor the process controller. The anvil and the stylus including a working surface in contact with the workpiece during the welding process. Control sensor measurement value at the work surface. Control measured value is transmitted to a controller using a control part, the measured value of the control system. Film sensor may comprise a plurality of thermopile and thermocouple, which together measure the temperature and heat flux at the surface of the workpiece. A method comprising providing a welding device having a welding groove adjacent the working surface of the device, the thin film sensors inserted into the groove, and the control value using the measurements at the sensor surface. The process controller is then controlled in part using the measured values of vibration welding control system.