Author(s): Mamikonyan, Tatevik | Advisor(s): Kellner, Douglas M. | Abstract: This two year longitudinal study focused on the evolving conceptions and self-reported practices regarding social justice of twelve diverse teacher candidates who were enrolled at the University of California, Los Angeles's (UCLA's) teacher education program (TEP). The distinctive attribute of this study was to reveal how the social justice conceptions and practices of the twelve candidates changed between the time they entered and completed an urban-centered, social justice oriented teacher education program. Using qualitative methods, this study conducted four interviews with each participant, one in the beginning and end of each academic year, over the two year program period. The theoretical backdrop for the analysis conducted during this study, included the works of critical pedagogue Paulo Freire and scholarship grounded in the critical tradition urging educators to be engaged in self reflection and be well informed about the structural inequalities due to social, historical, political and cultural contexts. The results of the study indicate that all participants increased their understanding and commitment towards social justice education, and made an effort to integrate social justice into their pedagogical practice. Those who were initially committed to social justice ideals, maintained and further expanded their understandings and practices of social justice. Alternatively, those who were initially unaware and uncommitted to social justice issues gained an increased understanding of the concepts—mostly rooted in the instructional application of social justice—but had not integrated their concepts into teaching. This study did not evaluate UCLA's teacher education programs' impact, but rather explored the evolving notions of social justice among candidates as they completed their course of study.


In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking method against geometric attack even though the watermarked image is partially damaged. This method consists of standard image normalization which transforms any image into a predefined standard image and embedding watermark in DCT domain of standard normalized image using spread spectrum technique. The proposed standard image normalization method has an improvement over existing image normalization method, so it is robust to partial damage and geometric attack. The watermark embedding method using spread spectrum technique also has a robustness to image losses such as blurring, sharpening and compressions. In addition, the proposed watermarking method does not need an original image to detect watermark, so it is useful to public watermarking applications. Several experimental results show that the proposed watermarking method is robust to partial damage and various attacks including geometric deformation.


The dissolution test is a simple and important in vitro method for assessing the bioequivalence, which aims to compare the bioavailability of generic and branded drugs. It implies the use of a proper apparatus (usually pharmacopoeially defined) in which the dosage form is dissolved, and the dissolution process itself is monitored/quantified using an appropriate analytical method among which highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is widely used. Spectrophotometry could be a significant substitute, through its advantages in terms of simplicity and costs of analysis. In the present study, possible differences in bioavailability between branded and generic ibuprofen coated tablets were predicted using a dissolution test for solid dosage forms. The ibuprofen content and the amount of ibuprofen released in the dissolution test were determined using a simple spectrophotometric method. Based on the obtained results, no significant differences in the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from generic and branded coated tablets were observed. It can be concluded that the spectrophotometric method applied for the dissolution test, among other suitable methods, could be used for bioequivalence screening in conditions where rapid and simple assessment is required or where HPLC method is not available.


Background: Illegal abortion is still one of the important causes of maternal mortality in India accounting for approximately 13%. Medical Management of abortion is a non-surgical termination which does not require special facilities like operation theatre, hospital stay and thereby reduces complications associated with the same. Methods: It is a prospective study done in a Tertiary care Government Hospital over a span from Jan 2015 to April 2016. After patient selection as per inclusion criteria and written informed consent after evaluating patients were enrolled in the study. In first visit Tab. mifepristone 200 mg. orally was given and advised to take Tab. misoprostol 800 mcg. Vaginally after 48 hours at home. They were counselled for side effects and asked to report in case of excess bleeding, pain, fever or no bleed for 24 hours of misoprostol. After 7 days follow up was done to ensure completion of abortion. Any additional drugs required were noted. Contraceptive advice is also given during these visits. Results: In our study 60 cases were taken. Majority of women are between 20-29 years of age which is peak reproductive age. 61.1% women are of second parity. The success rate of medical methods is 96.6%, two cases out of 60 underwent surgical evacuation and one was lost to follow up. Most common adverse effect noted is abdominal cramps. No patient required hospitalization. Additional Misoprostol was required in 4 cases. This method is highly acceptable 95% cases as it is non invasive and preferred to adopt the same in future if needed. Conclusions: Patient participation, motivation, compliance, regular follow up visits, ability to record and report complications are the pillars on which the success of medical methods depends. Hence overall, it came out to be safe and effective method.


An exhibit celebrating the campus' unique history. On the Library walls, large graphic panels explore some of the more obscure stories and facts from the university's first five decades.


Persistence of cabendazim in/on okra was studied after application of pesticide at fruit initiation stage. Carbendazim @ 150 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 was applied twice at an interval of 10 days. The initial residues dissipated with halflife of 1.80 and 2.29 days at recommended and double the recommended dose, respectively. Considering LOQ of 0.05mg kg- 1 as default MRL, Pre-Harvest Interval (PHI) of seven days can be suggested for carbendazim for safe consumption of okra fruits.


The real-time rendering of non-homogeneous participating media (e.g. fog) is one important research topic of realistic rendering in current virtual indoor scenes. We present a real-time rendering method of participating media in indoor scenes (e.g. virtual stage). 3D texture is used for organizing of the information of media, and rendering of the non-homogeneous participating media. By combining shadow map, shadow volume and ray marching techniques, a new hybrid method is proposed for rendering of volumetric shadows under participating media. The experimentation indicates that this method can represent illuminating effect and ambience of virtual indoor scenes more realistic, and has real-time attribute.


Cloud offloading enables smaller edge devices which contain fewer computing resources to be used for computer vision. This contributes to mobile applications of computer vision such as robotics and augmented reality. However, cloud offloading is impacted by bandwidth fluctuations in wireless networks. When the available bandwidth is restricted, it is difficult to offload workloads (i.e. frame) to cloud instances. Instead of offloading workloads to the cloud, existing approaches send a result of edge prediction or use a past cloud prediction to cover non-offloaded frames, which result in low accuracy. In this paper, we propose an Edge Cloud Ensemble method for object detection to improve accuracy in low bandwidth environments. In our method, the edge sends an inaccurate prediction and a motion vector of a detected object's region to the cloud while maintaining low transmission overhead. The cloud corrects the inaccurate prediction by using the motion vectors to shift a past, accurate cloud prediction. The results of our experiments demonstrate that our approach can improve accuracy in low bandwidth environments compared with existing methods, especially in moving cameras.


This handing out lifts the problem about parameterization of all controllers that can internally stabilize the given system. Controller parameterization is done as a mean to show that the controller can we shape in so many kinds of parameter. A control problem in this setup is to analyze some specific properties (e.g., stability or performance) of the closed loop system or to design the feedback control K such that the closed loop system is stable in some appropriate sense.


Objective Understand the flora diarrhea patients,distribution and drug susceptibility to doctors treat characteristics of reasonable application of antibiotics diarrhea,provides the basis.Methods According to conventional through feces culture method,through the separation,biochemistry appraisal sure strains,drugs for some sensitive experiment,done by serological strains parting.Results A stool samples from 1354,cultivate pathogenic bacteria,training centres for 43.30% plant,including positive shigellae infection,accounted for 48.01% of 314 strains are 98 strains,enterococcus,accounted for 14.98%,im pathogenic escherichia coli,accounting for 47 strains of or 7.19%,fungi,accounted for 1.99% 13 strains.Bacteria do to detected susceptibility test: sensitive rate plevofloxacin 75% antibiotics are: of shigellae infection,crayresearch fungi genera,ciprofloxacin,cephalosporins of proteus of proteus,using oxime cefoperazone to proteus.Compound new debbi Ming sensitive,only the lowest rate of enterococcus to 10.20%.Conclusion Infectious diarrhea pathogen 56.58%,conditions pathogenic bacteria of pathogenic bacteria accounted for 43.42%,in recent years conditions pathogenic bacteria have showed a rising trend.Drug-resistant strains are increasing,presented to diarrhea patients should be chosen antibiotic susceptibility results for guidance.


In The Restoration of the Self, Heinz Kohut (1977) claimed to have a fuller understanding of the Oedipus complex than does Freud. In his discussion, he supplemented Freud's notion of "Guilty Man." Guilty Man directs his life energy toward the activity of the drives; Tragic Man directs his life energy toward the fulfillment of the self. Kohut's formulation adds a depth of complexity that one finds missing in Freud's sexualizing of Oedipus. A fresh look at Sophocles' Oedipus cycle, emphasizing the necessary integrity of Oedipus Tyrannos with Oedipus Coloneus, confirms Sophocles' Oedipus to be more conducive to a Kohutian than to a Freudian reading. Oedipus' development throughout the dramas is interpreted in both Kohutian and Sophoclean terms, and Oedipus' apotheosis at the end of the Oedipus Coloneus is conceived in self-psychological terms as what it means to be fully human.


The simple and effective method, to inhibit corrosion of CO_2EOR,
the corrosion of the carbon dioxide to underground pipes and oil well equip-
ments is to inject the corrosion inhibiter contaiuing effective elements
N, P, S, into the recovery well continuously. The inhibiter Q_1 is one of
those inhibiters containing the effective elements N, P, S. It is composed
of low poisonous solvents produced in Daqing instead of chlorobenzene,
and by use of the by-products of butanol and actanol instalations of
Daqing Petrochemical Complex, such as heteroalcohol, substituted aniline,
ammonium thiocyanate and other chemical products. The technology of
preparation of the inhibiter Q_1 and its inhibiting mechanism is presented.


The germination test does not demonstrate the physiological quality attributes of seeds. The accelerated aging test is conducted in conditions of high temperatures and relative humidities for short time periods and, therefore, studies on using temperatures of 41 to 45 °C and reducing the period of aging deserve to be studied. The objective in this study was to analyze the effects of solutions and periods of exposure during the accelerated aging test to identify caroba seed vigor. The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with the seeds subjected to 3 periods of accelerated aging (24, 48 and 72h) and two solutions (distilled water and saturated aqueous NaCl solution). Germination and speed germination index were evaluated. Seed samples differ in the germination test and showed different quality levels from the accelerated aging test in caroba, which should be performed at 43°C for 24, 48 or 72 hours with distilled water or with saturated aqueous NaCl solution, are adequate for caroba seed vigor test.


Simple Summary Tumor budding is a histopathologic characteristic which has led to a growing interest in the prognosis prediction of cancers of various sites. We aimed to evaluate whether imaging biomarkers could predict tumor budding status. Preoperative MRI radiomic features were used as imaging biomarkers. Four machine learning classifiers were applied to build prediction models using a training dataset. Internal validation was performed to validate the built models. As a result, radiomics-based models predicted tumor budding status with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic value of 0.816 and a mean accuracy of 0.779 in the independent test dataset. Final selected features were mostly from filtered images, implying the importance of filtering methods in radiomics. Preoperative prediction of tumor budding status may help personalize treatment in cervical cancer patients. Abstract Background: Our previous study demonstrated that tumor budding (TB) status was associated with inferior overall survival in cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether radiomic features can predict TB status in cervical cancer patients. Methods: Seventy-four patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative MRI and radical hysterectomy from 2011 to 2015 at our institution were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to the training dataset (n = 48) and test dataset (n = 26). Tumors were segmented on axial gadolinium-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted images. A total of 2074 radiomic features were extracted. Four machine learning classifiers, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and neural network (NN), were used. The trained models were validated on the test dataset. Results: Twenty radiomic features were selected; all were features from filtered-images and 85% were texture-related features. The area under the curve values and accuracy of the models by LR, RF, SVM and NN were 0.742 and 0.769, 0.782 and 0.731, 0.849 and 0.885, and 0.891 and 0.731, respectively, in the test dataset. Conclusion: MRI-based radiomic features could predict TB status in patients with cervical cancer.


Classic pernicious anemia with abnormal Schilling test results developed in a previously described vegan patient who had coexisting subtle cobalamin malabsorption (demonstrable by abnormal ovalbumin-cobalamin absorption test results but normal Schilling test results). This suggests that the ovalbumin-cobalamin absorption test or a modified version may serve as a prodromal phenomenon to identify patients at risk for developing pernicious anemia. The patient's transformation was also accompanied by the appearance of serum anti-intrinsic factor antibody. A modified assay retrospectively detected this antibody a year earlier than did the standard assay, indicating that such modification enhances the sensitivity of this useful test.


&NA; In healthy volunteers, the azapirones — buspirone, ipsapirone, and gepirone — increase plasma cortisol and decrease body temperature; buspirone and gepirone also increase plasma prolactin and growth hormone. Data from animal studies suggest that the ability of azapirones to decrease body temperature and increase corticotropin and corticosterone is mediated by stimulation of presynaptic and postsynaptic serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) type1A subtype receptors, respectively. The mechanism of altered growth hormone and prolactin secretion is less clear. While animal studies implicate changes in dopamine function, current human investigations suggest that 5‐HT1A receptors also may be involved in these endocrine responses. Further investigations, using more selective 5‐HT receptor antagonists, will be required to resolve this issue.


The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of hard granule formation and to demonstrate the applicability of X‐ray diffraction methods for studying the polymeric pharmaceutical excipients. Using a high‐shear mixer, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was granulated with water as the granulating liquid. The hardness of the MCC granules increased with granulation time and the amount of water added. The specific surface area measured by the N2 adsorption method was reduced during the process. Crystallite size of cellulose, calculated by Scherrer's equation adapted for wide angle X‐ray diffraction method, decreased with granulation time and with increasing amounts of water added. Debye plots for X‐ray small scattering patterns suggested that the average magnitude of the continuous solid region in MCC granules became significantly greater, whereas the specific surface area of the MCC granules, calculated from Debye plots, became smaller in comparison with that of intact MCC. These findings suggested that the long‐chain structures in MCC were disrupted, resulting in smaller units with shorter chain lengths due to the strong shear force of the impeller. These smaller units then form a network within the granules. Thus, MCC granules are strengthened with longer granulation time and greater amounts of water, resulting in a more intricate network. The change in MCC chain length and physical structure can be experimentally detected using the small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction methods.


Among the many problems in whistler study, wave propagation through the ionosphere is one of the most important, and the most difficult at the same time. Characteristics of propagation, such as reflection and transmission coefficients, are needed for interpretation of satellite and ground-based observations of VLF waves. Consequently wave penetration through the ionosphere has been in the focus of research since the beginning of whistler study: Budden (1985) (general full-wave analysis, including the problem of numerical swamping); Pitteway (1965) (analysis of differential equations governing the wave fields inside a horizontally stratified ionosphere in the case of oblique wave incidence from below; indication and discussion of the problem of numerical swamping); Helliwell (1965) (detailed consideration in the framework of ray theory revealing the most essential features of the phenomenon); Pitteway and Jespersen (1966) (a comprehensive numerical study of wave propagation through the ionosphere, including calculations of reflection and transmission coefficients); Hayakawa and Ohtsu (1972) (theoretical treatment of transmission and reflection of downgoing whistlers in the case of longitudinal propagation, using model plasma density and collision frequency profiles). The difficulty in considering VLF wave passage through the ionosphere is, after all, due to fast variation of the lower ionosphere parameters as compared to typical VLF wave number. This makes irrelevant the consideration in the framework of geometrical optics, which, along with a smooth variation of parameters, is always based on a particular dispersion relation. Although the full-wave analysis in the framework of cold plasma approximation does not require slow variations of plasma parameters, and does not assume any particular wave mode, the fact that the wave of a given frequency belongs to different modes in various regions makes numerical solution of the field equations not simple. As is well known (see, e.g. Ginzburg and Rukhadze, 1972), in cold magnetized plasma, there are, in general, two wave modes related to a given frequency. Both modes, however, do not necessarily correspond to propagating waves. In particular, in the frequency range related to whistler waves, the other mode is evanescent, i.e. it has a negative value of N (the refractive index squared). It means that one of solutions of the relevant differential equations is exponentially growing, which makes a straightforward numerical approach to these equations despairing. This well known difficulty in the problem under discussion is usually identified as numerical swamping (see, e.g. Budden, 1985; Nagano et al., 1975, and earlier works mentioned above). Resolving the problem of numerical swamping becomes, in fact, a key point in numerical study of wave passage through the ionosphere. As it is typical of work based on numerical simulations, its essential part remains virtually hidden. Then, every researcher, in order to get quantitative characteristics of the process, such as transmission and reflection coefficients, needs to go through the whole problem. That is why the number of publications dealing with VLF wave transmission through the ionosphere does not run short. In this work we develop a new approach to the problem, such that its intrinsic difficulty is resolved analytically, while numerical calculations are reduced to stable equations solvable with the help of a routine programme. Another goal of the work is to present all equations and related formulae in an undisguised form in order that the problem may be solved in a straightforward way once the ionospheric plasma parameters are given. We consider the problem of wave propagation in the ionosphere in case of wave incidence on the ionosphere from above when the angle of incidence is small enough. We used the model of plane medium in which all ionospheric plasma parameters depend only on height h and do not depend on horizontal coordinates ξ and y (y axis is directed westward, ξ axis completes the right-hand system { ξ , y, h}) . The wave field was assumed to be monochromatic, harmonic in ξ and independent of y (all variables are


The properties of polymeric materials are commonly modified by adjusting the dispersity of the molecular weight distribution, since polymer properties are dominated by intermolecular interactions. We utilized this approach to alter the rheological behavior of polymer solutions for application sub-surface and other porous media flow. We correlate the molecular weight distributions with screen factor measurements and in-situ rheological behavior. Aqueous solutions were prepared using mixtures of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) having different molecular weights. The behaviour of the solutions was studied in single-phase flooding experiments using Bentheimer and Berea outcrops, as well as a glass-silicon-glass microfluidic device that mimics porous media. The in-situ rheological behavior determined from flooding experiments was monitored by differential pressure measurements. To improve data accuracy, the core flooding experimental set-up was equipped with multiple pressure sensors along the core. Polymer solutions of same shear viscosity but significantly different dispersities were utilized for the investigation. Elongational viscosities were determined by screen factor measurements. We show that the apparent viscosity during polymer injection is significantly altered for polymer solutions of same average molecular weight but different dispersity. Namely, the onset of shear thickening occurs at lower equivalent shear rates when dispersity is high. Furthermore, the flow of polymer solutions in porous media was correlated to screen factor measurements. This effect of the dispersity of the molecular weight distribution can be used to optimize polymer solution applications in porous materials.


[1] This paper extends a previous study of the harmonic (or AC) flow of a compressible fluid through a single, elastic, thick-wall pipe. The model previously developed is used to investigate propagation of pore-scale Biot slow waves through heterogeneous one-, two- and three-dimensional networks of pipes. A novel method is applied to the results of the network simulations to numerically determine the dispersion equation of the upscaled Biot slow waves and investigate its dependence on pore-scale heterogeneity. As a function of frequency, the phase velocity of the macroscale Biot slow waves displays an S-shaped curve, increasing from zero at low frequencies (i.e., nonpropagative regime) to C at high frequencies (i.e., propagative regime with C lower than the sound velocity in the fluid). The transition between these two regimes is marked by the inflection point at the frequency ωB (where ωB is inversely proportional to the length scale Λ characteristic of fluid flow and permeability). The high-frequency phase velocity C depends on the dimensionality of the network considered and decreases with increasing heterogeneity. The wave attenuation (as measured by the inverse quality factor) also presents an S-shaped curve, decreasing from 2 (i.e., critical damping) to zero, with the same inflection point at ωB. This behavior is approximately independent on the pore radius distribution, provided that ωB (or the corresponding fluid flow length scale Λ) is held constant. A mechanism based on wave scattering and interferences of forward and backward traveling (pore-scale) Biot slow waves is proposed to explain the observations.


In this paper, we compute the integral cohomology groups for all examples of Calabi-Yau 3-folds obtained from hypersurfaces in 4-dimensional Gorenstein toric Fano varieties. Among 473 800 776 families of Calabi-Yau 3-folds $X$ corresponding to 4-dimensional reflexive polytopes there exist exactly 32 families having non-trivial torsion in $H^*(X, \Z)$. We came to an interesting observation that the torsion subgroups in $H^2$ and $H^3$ are exchanged by the mirror symmetry involution, i.e. the torsion subgroup in the Picard group of $X$ is isomorphic to the Brauer group of the mirror $X^*$


This paper describes a mineral water well with decreasing salinity level according to lab tests. A well integrity package including Spectral Noise Logging (SNL), High-Precision Temperature (HPT) logging and electromagnetic defectoscopy (EmPulse) was performed in the well which allowed finding casing leaks and fresh water source. In the paper all logging data were thoroughly analyzed and recommendation for workover was mentioned. The SNL-HPT-EmPulse survey allowed avoiding well abandonment.


The SBR technic is applicable to middle-small scale wastewater treatment. Till now the labourious manipulation and uneasy controllability have been the prevalent disadvantages of application of SBR technics. The different aeration amounts, different original organic pollutions and MLSS are adopted to test the DO curve configuration. We find a sudden rise on the DO curve configuration when the reaction phase comes to the end, since the DO value varies between a narrow range. Based on this phenomena, DO is adopted to be a controlling parameter of the reaction phase. Results prove this method can save energy and reduce running cost on guaranteeing discharge water quality.


The attack was instantaneous, brutal, and thorough; the response was slow, complex, and faltering. The attack took precise aim at an object but was otherwise blind. The response was marked by repetitive, though partial, attempts at understanding. Unlike previous terrorists, such as the Jacobins, the Bolsheviks, or nationalist militants, the hijackers did not seek to explain or justify their act. The victims, by contrast, asked themselves such questions as: Did we bring this on ourselves? Could we have done something differently? How has the world changed, and what can we do to affect this change? If we are going to fight, what are we fighting for? Finally, the attack was quintessentially and simply an act of violence. The response has included violence, but as a subordinate part of a far more complex whole. One way to describe the relation between the act and the response is to call attention to the process of dereification. Presumably, the hijackers chose the World Trade Center and the Pentagon as icons of US greed, arrogance, and impiety. In the response, however, such iconic objects were deconstructed into the individuals or groups that made them up. The deconstruction was an effort to give meaning to an act that was perceived as incomprehensible. It proceeded through the pictures of the "missing" found everywhere in New York for many weeks after the destruction of the towers, through the New York Times project of publishing capsule biographies of each and every victim, and through the attempt to find every shard or bone fragment by which an individual could be identified, even though this enormously prolonged the clean-up process and deferred the achievement of "closure." In the process of dereification, the ordinary and the everyday were infused with rich new meanings. Typical titles of the New York Timesobituaries were "Outdancing her Husband," "She also Tended Bar," and "He Wanted More Children." The shopping emporia and the office suite suddenly appeared as something other than degraded sites of consumerism and money-grubbing. The sense in which such terms as "capitalism," "imperialism," "Zionism," and "racism" obscured human lives and intentions became unmistakable. Particularly striking was the revelation that the many brokerage firms housed in the World Trade Center were staffed by upwardly-mobile working-class men from Brooklyn,


1359-0286/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2010.06.002 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 031 631 4241; fa E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com In recent decades piezoand pyroelectricity found application in yet another important field of research. A number of methods have been developed which employ these properties to investigate the microand macroscopic polarization of materials. Advances in piezoand pyroelectric imaging enabled researchers to examine the polarization distribution of a sample with unprecedented detail. This review attempts to inform the general reader about some of those experimental techniques and their findings. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Most models of gas bubbles in fluidized beds are based on the assumption of an empty central region, the void, surrounded by a 'cloud' or 'shell' of particles whose voidage is larger than that of the remote emulsion phase. Batchelor & Nitsche (1994) investigated the formation of a void by tracking the paths of particles initially within a buoyant 'blob' of gas that has the form of a toroidal vortex. They showed that the particles dropped through the floor of the blob under the influence of gravity, leaving it empty. This paper extends their method to particles initially outside the blob. It is shown that inertia allows these particles to penetrate the blob and it is the extent of this penetration that determines the size of the void. The void is nearly as large as the blob for small, light particles, but becomes smaller relative to the blob with increasing particle size and weight until it disappears altogether. This provides an explanation for experimental observations of voids smaller than the blob (or 'cloud' as it is sometimes known), and suggests that when examining bubbles in a gas-fluidized bed the most significant dimension is the diameter of the blob and not that of the void.


We address the description of neutron-proton-electron degenerate matter in beta equilibrium subjected to compression both in the case of confined nucleons into a nucleus as well as in the case of deconfined nucleons. We follow a step-by-step generalization of the classical Thomas–Fermi model to special and general relativistic regimes, which leads to a unified treatment of beta equilibrated neutron-proton-electron degenerate matter applicable from the case of nuclei all the way up to the case of white-dwarfs and neutron stars. New gravito-electrodynamical effects, missed in the traditional approach for the description of neutron star configurations, are found as a consequence of the new set of general relativistic equilibrium equations.


The paper gives an update on the strategy and in-depth results from the two and a half years of operation of the trials in observing and monitoring the deployment of electric vehicles and the associated support and charging infrastructure in the North East. It provides an update and overview of the progress with the North East of England trials in the United Kingdom (UK) and provide an insight into how early adopters are using their vehicle. It discusses the driving and importantly their charging behaviour with a large number of charging points available to them. Moreover the implications and opportunities for effectively utilising intelligent transportation system (ITS) tools and services to better manage journey planning, navigation, range estimation and charging operations will be presented utilising the knowledge gained in the project.


Although cokriging in theory should yield smaller or equal prediction variance than kriging, this outperformance sometimes is hard to see in practice. This should motivate theoretical studies on cokriging. In general, there is a lack of theoretical results for cokriging. In this work, we provide some theoretical results to compare cokriging with kriging by examining some explicit models and specific sampling schemes. [arXiv:1507.08017]


The artistic personal creation plays a vital role in the success of music performance.This paper discusses such questions as the relationship between the artistic personal creation and the loyalty to the work,the basic demanding of the artistic personal creation,and how to cultivate it as well.


The averaged absorption cross section of a lossy object can be measured in a reverberation chamber (RC). Conventionally, the measurement is conducted in the frequency domain and it requires two antennas with known efficiency. In this paper, the two one-antenna methods are presented-one is in the frequency domain and the other is in the time domain. In the frequency domain, by using the enhanced backscatter effect, the measurement setup is greatly simplified and only one antenna with known efficiency is required. In the time domain, the measurement can be conducted rapidly and accurately using just one antenna and the source stir technique by considering the robustness of the chamber decay time; moreover, the RC can be replaced by a suitable electrically large conducting cavity, which will greatly reduce the hardware requirement. It is found that the time-domain approach is superior to the frequency-domain approach in many aspects. The new measurement methods are efficient and accurate, while the system requirements and setup are simpler than the conventional ones.


Plant regeneration system was established using cotyledons in immature fruits of Chinese jujube male sterile No.3('JMS3').Callus could be induced from cotyledon of 'JMS3' in medium MS+sugar 30 g/L+agar 3.3 g/L without hormones and the callus rate was 40%.Adventitious buds occurred in 88.9% of callus cultured in medium MS+sugar 30 g/L+agar 3.3 g/L+TDZ 1.5 mg/L and the amount of adventitious buds is 3.5 times callus.Rooting medium was MS +sugar 30 g/L+agar 3.3 g/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L and the rooting rate was 33.3%.In addition,the growth of vitrified plants was influenced by culture temperature.Only 9.7% of vitrified plants changed into normal plants after they were cultured 30 days at 24℃.In contrast,only 6.7% of plants kept vitrified 30 days later at 20℃.However,there was no obviously different changes of vitrified plants which were cultured in mediums supplemented 30-80 g/L sugar.


This issue of LUPUS includes an essay by Marvin Fritzler who, with Eng Tan, organized the first international conference on systemic lupus erythematosus held in 1986 in Calgary, Canada. The review followed the highly successful tenth international conference held earlier in the year in Argentina, organized by a multi-national team from South America, led by Dr Mary-Carmen Amigo and Professor Bernardo Pons-Estel. Professor Fritzler's article brought home the enormous advances made in lupus during the past 27 years. Firstly, the sea-change in prognosis – from one of the most complex and dreaded of medical diseases to one largely treatable. Secondly, the advances in understanding many of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of lupus – knowledge which has had spill-over benefits in other areas of medicine and obstetrics. Thirdly, this quarter century has brought together collaboration across continents (witness the Argentina meeting), focusing the spotlight on lupus in countries both rich and poor. One of the catalysts in this progress has, I hope, been the journal LUPUS. LUPUS, now 22 years old, is alive and well. This year, its impact factor again rose – to 2.78. Whatever the pros and cons of impact factor mechanisms, the continuing rise over the years surely counts as a positive – especially for an independent, 'one disease' journal, not beholden to any society or pressure group. Over the years, LUPUS has pioneered a number of innovations – the early move to 'online' publishing, the introduction of 'Special Issues' – many of which proved to be mini-textbooks on major topics in the complex world of autoimmunity. Another innovation, the series 'Lupus around the World', has achieved more than mere medical publication. It has allowed clinicians and researchers from many countries (at the last count 71) to contribute to our rapidly expanding knowledge of this disease. And it has opened up important epidemiological data in a condition which – to all appearances at least – is on the rise. One aim of our journal is to cover the broadest aspects of the subject, whether that subject is predominantly obstetrics, molecular biology, thrombosis, basic immunology, neurology, genetics or even (occasionally) rheumatology. The world of lupus research often faces the difficult decision of 'which journal' in which to publish. I hope that LUPUS provides an answer to some of those headaches. Postscript: Eponyms. Recently there has been something of a campaign to do away with eponyms. A noble ideal if the eponymous person was either wrongly attributed, or possibly had an evil past. But the movement has, it seems, been encouraging medical journals to turn down papers which include eponymous titles. If true, this surely is a step too far. Eponyms do not only add colour and history to our subjects but help immeasurably in the process of learning and communicating medicine. Sjogren's syndrome, which features commonly in this journal, might, for example, become 'epithelitis with secondary sicca syndrome' (and more). Heaven help us! A quick browse through the past years' issues of LUPUS includes Hashimoto, Takayasu, Coombs, Hodgkin, Evans, Budd–Chiari, Alzheimer, Devic, Meniere, Crohn, Sneddon, and more. Such eponyms bring clarity and brevity to the story of medicine. This journal (at least in the time that the present editor remains at the helm) has no intention of taking part in such censorship.


Pure and doped rutile phase tin dioxide with particle diameters ranging in 3~6 nm were synthesized using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)-isooctane reverse microemulsion. The formation of pure phase tin oxide is confirmed based on the X-ray diffraction analysis. XRD, TEM, FTIR and UV-VIS were used to characterize the as-prepared precursor and 600 ℃ calcined oxide. Both the pure and doping systems are of better disperse degree and smaller particle size. There are two separated exiton peaks occurred in these two SnO 2 nano-systems. The doping of copper ions cause the absorption band edges to red-shift slightly.


A stereospecific synthesis of carbocyclic NAD+ incorporating a methylenebisphosphonatelinkage in place of the natural pyrophosphate gives an analogue 4 of the natural coenzyme NAD+ 3a designed to act as an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyl cyclase and to resist non-specific phosphatase degradation.


Preconcentration of cardiac proteins was demonstrated using isotachophoresis (ITP) on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microchip. PMMA microchip was formed using solvent imprinting and temperature-assisted solvent bonding. ITP experiments were performed on two types of microchip: one containing straight microchannel and the other one with 10X step reducing microchannel. In ITP experiments, Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) was used as leading electrolyte, while Aminocaproic Acid (EACA) was used as terminating electrolyte. Three fluorescent proteins, cTnI Labeled w/ Pacific Blue, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and R-Phycoerythrin (PE), were allowed to separate and concentrate in presence of a constant electric field. Microchip ITP experiments show that the sample proteins were concentrated and stacked into adjacent zones. The final concentration of protein zones were calculated from the microchannel dimensions and initial volume of proteins. In straight microchannel, the concentration factors for PE, GFP, and cTnI proteins were 80, 40, and 30, respectively. The concentration factors were 10 fold higher in the step reducing microchannel.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The advanced rheological models of Andrade (1910) and Sundberg & Cooper (2010) are compared to the traditional Maxwell model to understand how each affects the tidal dissipation of heat within rocky bodies. We find both the Andrade and Sundberg– Cooper rheologies can produce at least 10× the tidal heating compared to a traditional Maxwell model for a warm (1400–1600 K) Io-like satellite. Sundberg–Cooper can cause even larger dissipation around a critical temperature and frequency. These models allow cooler planets to stay tidally active in the face of orbital perturbations—a condition we term 'tidal resilience.' This has implications for the time evolution of tidally active worlds, and the long-term equilibria they fall into. For instance, if Io's interior is better modeled by the Andrade or Sundberg–Cooper rheologies, the number of possible resonance-forming scenarios that still produce a hot, modern Io is expanded, and these scenarios do not require an early formation of the Laplace resonance. The two primary empirical parameters that define the Andrade anelasticity are examined in several phase spaces to provide guidance on how their uncertainties impact tidal outcomes, as laboratory studies continue to constrain their real values. We provide detailed reference tables on the fully general equations required for others to insert the Andrade and Sundberg–Cooper models into standard tidal formulae. Lastly, we show that advanced rheologies greatly impact the heating of short-period exoplanets and exomoons, while the properties of tidal resilience can mean a greater number of tidally active worlds among all extrasolar systems.


Today's cyber-physical systems (CPS) increasingly operate in social spaces. Examples include transportation systems, disaster response systems, and the smart grid, where humans are the drivers, survivors, or users. Much information about the evolving system can be collected from humans in the loop, a practice that is often called crowd-sensing. Crowd-sensing has not traditionally been considered a CPS topic, largely due to the difficulty in rigorously assessing its reliability. This paper aims to change that status quo by developing a mathematical approach for quantitatively assessing the probability of correctness of collected observations (about an evolving physical system), when the observations are reported by sources whose reliability is unknown. The paper extends prior literature on state estimation from noisy inputs, that often assumed unreliable sources that fall into one or a small number of categories, each with the same (possibly unknown) background noise distribution. In contrast, in the case of crowd-sensing, not only do we assume that the error distribution is unknown but also that each (human) sensor has its own possibly different error distribution. Given the above assumptions, we rigorously estimate data reliability in crowd-sensing systems, hence enabling their exploitation as state estimators in CPS feedback loops. We first consider applications where state is described by a number of binary variables, then extend the approach trivially to multivalued variables. The approach also extends prior work that addressed the problem in the special case of systems whose state does not change over time. Evaluation results, using both simulation and a real-life case-study, demonstrate the accuracy of the approach.


In competitive markets, agribusiness firms have embarked on improving their service quality for building and maintaining a profitable relationship with their customers. However, such impact of service quality on business commitment has not been empirically investigated. To fill this gap, this study explores the relationship between service quality and commitment, using a case of supplier selection of fresh produce by hotel, restaurant, and catering (HORECA) sector in Malaysia. Using SERVQUAL as the main component of the conceptual framework, the relevant information was collected from 195 random HORECA operators and analyzed using partial least squares. The results indicate that service quality explains little of HORECA's decision to stay with their current suppliers. While most service quality factors were insignificant, "responsiveness" in term of providing delivery service had a statistically significant positive impact on HORECA's contractual arrangement with their current suppliers. These findings imply that quality service is being seen as a supplement; economic factors (e.g., prices and their stability, credit term) are likely to be the key drivers affecting buyer-seller relationships. If suppliers want to stay on course, they have to improve their service quality and focus more on delivery service. In addition, more research is needed in this relatively new area.


The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro - in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of two immediate release formulations of levofloxacin 250 mg film coated tablet. In vitro release data were obtained for each formulation by using the USP apparatus II, in 0.1N HCl of pH 2.0. Twelve healthy subjects were randomly chosen for in vivo study. Blood samples were collected over 24 hour period and analyzed by validated HPLC method with UV detection to establish a correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption. f 2 and f 1 were determined for the time intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and the obtained values were 65.72, 77.38, 61.93, 53.75, 55.36, 58.59, 60.23 and 61.16 percent for f 2 and 11.00, 4.35, 8.30, 12.15, 5.59, 1.82, 0.06 and 0.11 percent for f 1 at respective time intervals. Mean dissolution times (MDT) for local and reference products were obtained at 7.69 and 9.55 minutes respectively. The values of mean absorption time (MAT) were obtained at 8.27 and 27.96 minutes for local and reference products respectively. For in vitro and in vivo correlation, level A type was also done for both products. In case of level A correlation, a non linear type of relation was established which is typical for immediate release formulations. Key words: In vitro - In vivo correlation; Levofloxacin; Immediate release tablets; Similarity factors.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 113-119, 2007 (December)


Current standards for describing rare materials are limited in the mechanisms they provide for encoding item-specific features, such as the presence of handwritten annotations on a page, in a way that facilitates machine manipulation. As a member of the Linked Data for Production (LD4P) project, Princeton University Library is undertaking initial work to encode handwritten dedications within the library of Jacques Derrida as linked open data. The implications of this modeling work potentially extend well beyond the rare book cataloging community and into many different areas of bibliographic description.


MicroRNA (miR/miRNA)-21 is a well-known oncogenic miRNA that is overexpressed in various types of tumors. The tumor-suppressor genes programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and phosphatase tensin homologue (PTEN), are targets of miR-21, and are underexpressed in several types of cancer. However, the expression of miR-21 and its target genes in neuroblastoma (NB) remains unclear. In the present study, a miR-21 inhibitor oligonucleotide was transfected into the SK-N-SH cell line, and the expression of miR-21, PTEN and PDCD4 was detected through quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blotting was used to examine levels of PTEN, PDCD4 and caspase-3 proteins. The expression of PTEN and PDCD4 in the SK-N-SH cell line transfected with the miR-21 inhibitor was significantly increased compared with untransfected SK-N-SH and negative control-transfected cells. Cell proliferation was inhibited and the apoptotic ratio was significantly increased in miR-21 inhibitor-transfected cells compared with untransfected SK-N-SH and negative control-transfected cells. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 expression compared with untransfected SK-N-SH and negative control-transfected cells. The results of the present study indicate that miR-21 may serve an oncogenic role in the cellular processes underlying NB development and thus may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with NB.


This article is the result of a doctoral dissertation based on exploratory research and 10 case studies. The Carbon Disclosure Project/Investors in Brazil is the empirical research object of this article. Since its creation in 2000, this program has been playing an important role, related to the disclosure of social and environmental information. It has aimed at improving the transparency upon climate change risks and opportunities. This study identified Suchman's legitimacy strategies (1995) that are most used by Brazilian companies, which have addressed the applied for Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) between 2006 and 2010. Qualitative approach and content analysis technique were adopted in order to collect the data. The primary data were obtained through the application of a survey and the secondary data were obtained in institutional websites, CDP's reports and records on emissions collected by Fundacao Getulio Vargas. All Suchman's legitimacy strategies were found in this study. The pragmatic strategy and the gain criteria obtained the biggest number of occurrences, 377 and 495 respectively. The most frequent cited item in all the 10 case studies was the necessity to respond to stakeholders, represented by 335 citations. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the CDP has been considered, by Brazilian companies, as a tool to obtain stakeholders' acceptance and legitimacy.


Using AMD system, a method for active control of long span cable-stayed bridges under seismic loads is presented in this paper. The motion equation order of bridge is reduced by modal technique, and the classical linear optimal control theory is employed. The present method has been used in the active control of seismic response of the second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge subjected to EL-Centro and man-made earthquake excitations. The controlled modes number and actuator configurations of bridge are discussed in details. Subsequently, the parameters of AMD system for long-span cable-stayed bridge are designed and optimized. The influences of mass and spring stiffness on the performance index and the maximum actor effect are analyzed. The basic parameters of AMD adapting to the Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge are recommended.


Since vacuum distillation enjoys high recovery rate and simple process,it is used in this paper to recover Ag and In. First,saturated vapor pressure for Fe- Ag- In is acquired by Clausius equation. Then,distillation temperature,time and effects are investigated through experiments. Finally,the results indicate that recovering rates are 61. 37% for silver and 53. 39% for indium respectively,and the contents for sliver and indium in volatile are61. 37 and 53. 39 times rich when the conditions of the vacuum distillation are 1963K,120mins and 50 ~100Pa.


Based on mechanical properties of loose media and the theoty of drawing ellipsoid, the flow pattern of loose ore and rocks under compaction state is investigated. The technique and rules for ore drawing are worked out and proved to be successful in increasing recovery of pure ore and reducing the dilution and loss of ore at the mining area.


The K-line, which reflects the trend of stock, is fractal graphics with a stable fractal dimension; we use the stable fractal dimension as an important parameter in the research of stock cluster analysis. We have made an empirical research on the A-stock market of Shanghai. And the result shows that the same kind of stocks, which is clustered by the stock fractal theory, has an extremely similar trend. The method of stock clustering is very empirical, and the user can cluster stocks into different kinds according to the various given threshold of T. Thus, the character of the stocks can be found through analysis, and the investor will know how to operate in the stock market to avoid losing money.


At 1405.1 MeV, the lowest‐lying negative‐parity state of the Λ baryon lies surprising low. Indeed, this is lower than the lowest negative‐parity state of the nucleon, even though the Λ(1405) possesses a valence strange quark. However, previous Lattice QCD studies have been unable to identify such a low‐lying state. Using the PACS‐CS (2+1)‐flavour full‐QCD ensembles, available through the ILDG, we utilise a variational analysis with source and sink smearing to isolate this elusive state. We find three low‐lying odd‐parity states, and for the first time reproduce the correct level ordering with respect to the nearby scattering thresholds.


testing is the process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is, bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software items. Software testing is an activity that should be done throughout the whole development process. Pairwise testing primarily targets faults caused by interactions between two parameters. However, some faults can be caused by interactions involving more than two parameters. Those faults cannot effectively be detected by pairwise testing. In this research work, we presented an algorithm to generate effective and less number of test cases using pairwise testing technique. The pairwise testing approach is basically based on the fact that the majority of possible errors/faults/bugs occur when two modules/parameters values interact. This proposed algorithm can be used efficiently in various realms of software products. In future we can plan to reduce the number of test cases by using the degree of coverage of three and four-wise in efficient way. Ultimately this will reduce the total number of test cases and provide only effective and efficient test case set and thus it will also save time for both software developers as well as for software testers. The value of software testing is that it goes far beyond testing the underlying code. It also examines the functional behavior of the application. Behavior is a function of the code, but it doesn't always follow that if the behavior is ―bad‖ then the code is bad. It's entirely possible that the code is solid but the requirements were inaccurately or incompletely collected and communicated. It's entirely possible that the application can be doing exactly what we're telling it to do but we're not telling it to do the right thing. Software testing is not a one person job. It takes a team, but the team may be larger or smaller depending on the size and complexity of the application being tested. The programmer(s) who wrote the application should have a reduced role in the testing if possible. The concern here is that they're already so intimately involved with the product and know that it works that they may not be able to take an unbiased look at the results of their labors. Pairwise testing primarily targets faults caused by interactions between two parameters. However, some faults can be caused by interactions involving more than two parameters. Those faults cannot effectively be detected by pairwise testing. Pairwise testing is black box testing technique. It is a strategy in which testing is based solely on the requirements and specifications. This testing requires no knowledge of the internal paths, structure, or implementation of the software under test (SUT). This significantly reduces the number of tests that must be created and run and these test cases are also manageable so that any novice software tester can easily operate it against software applications.


Undertakings in difficulty, having
exhausted all market options, may resort to State aid to rescue and/or
restructure its operations in order to return to viability. the author looks
closer into the opportunity for such undertakings to change within so as to
abandon practices which may have represented at least one of the roots of the
deficiencies leading them to difficulties. The stringent rules of rescue and
restructuring of firms in difficulties provide a second chance to restore their
business, account of debts, take stock of actions and potentially rise again.
Yet, the overall restructuring given as a second chance by the State aid and
the role of the state, should not present a carte blanche for old policies

and approaches to be repeated with the taxpayers' money. The restructuring
should also be a stock-taking opportunity, an internal scrutiny where the
corporate culture and the governance of the undertaking changes as well. There
should be room to (re)consider corporate governance and audit of corporate
culture as elements of restructuring process as well as restructuring plans, to
prevent the undertaking on the receiving end of State aid to lapse again. Being
given a second chance, applying practices and exercising behaviour

that (may) have lead the undertaking to its difficulties, is not a guarantee of
successful restructuring and return to viability but may, indeed, represent an
internal subjective peril to the objective restructuring goals to be achieved.
Hence, the author explores whether non-tangible elements such as an enhanced
corporate governance and change of corporate culture, should be introduced as
mandatory in the course of undertaking restructuring. The author does not probe
into corporate governance and corporate culture as such, but perceives

them as welcoming factors to achieve the desired outcome of restructuring aid,
namely a successful return to viability using restructuring aid.


This paper is the author's third progress report in the USA on the AK-closed cycle gas turbine.Copyright © 1956 by ASME


A simple, rapid and accurate complexometric method for the determination of palladium(ll ) is proposed, based on the se lectiv e demaski ng property of 2-mercapto propionyl glycine (MPGH2) towards palladium(II). In the presence of diverse metal ions, palladium(II) is complexed with excess of EDT A and the surplus EDT A is back titrated at pH 5-5.5 (acetic acid acetate buffer) with standard zinc sulphate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An excess of a 0.2 % aqueous solution of MPGH2 is then added to di spl ace EDTA from Pd(II)-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with the same standard zinc sulphate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range 2-22 mg of palladium with relative erro r of ±0.36% and coefficient of variation (n=6) not exceeding 0.3 1 %. The effect of diverse ion s are studied. The method is used for th e determination of palladium in its complexes, catalysts and sy nthetic alloy mixtures. A complexometric method for the determination of palladium(II) in the presence of diverse metal ions using selective demasking agent is very useful in the rapid analysis of palladium alloys. The Pd-EDT A complex can be selectively decomposed using demasking agents such as dimethylglyoxime 1 and I ,2,3-benzotriazole 2 • These methods are not rapid as they involve heating and extraction of Pd-reagent complex using chloroform. The I, I 0-phenanthroline method 3 does not work for Pd(II) in the presence of common metal ions . Thiourea 4 is free from these limitations. The quantitative release of EDT A by pyridine 5 requires heating of the solution to 60°C for I 0 min and the reagent is unpleasant to use because of its smell. Many metals interfere in thiosemicarbazide method 6 . Other reported reagents such as 4-amino-5mercapto-3-propyl-l ,2,4-triazole 7 , thiocyanate 8 , thiosulphate 9 , 4-amino-3-mercapto-l ,2,4-triazine( 4H)5-one1 0, hydroxylamine hydrochloride'' , N-(2pyridyl)thiourea 12, DL-methionine 13 and 3-mercapto propane-] ,2-diol 14 were found to be reliable besides being convenient. However, some of the reagents require tedious and time-consuming preparation methods. In this paper, the application of MPGH2 as a selective demasking reagent in th e complexometric determina-tion of Pd(II) has been reported.


When biomass gas is used in a micro gas turbine designed for burning natural gas,the temperature field,velocity field and combustion characteristics of the relevant combustor may be influenced by a relatively low heat value and different com-bustible constituents of the gas. The preliminary design of a 30 kW micro gas turbine combustor was performed,and on this basis,a numerical simulation comparison of the combustor when it burns methane and the biomass gas was conducted by using software Fluent. Moreover,investigated were the influence of burning the biomass gas on the inner flow and tem-perature distribution in the combustor as well as the NOx emissions,and the causes of such an influence. The foregoing will provide useful data for the future design of micro gas turbine combustors burning the biomass gas.


A review of recent research development of magnet system cooled by solid nitrogen is given.The characteristics of solid nitrogen and its advantage applied on superconducting magnet system is introduced.The impact of over current pulse,thermal disturbance and mixed cryogen on the stability of the solid nitrogen cooled superconducting magnet is discussed.The development tendency of the solid nitrogen superconducting magnet system is forecasted.


Although Thomas Pynchon has continued to publish long after the postwar American countercultural era, his politics are critically characterized in relation to that movement's values. The dominant critical positions associate power with rationalism and functionality, and political opposition with creativity and pleasure, positioning Pynchon's novels at a politicized intersection between postmodernism and the counterculture. This article problematizes this dominant critical position, taking Mason & Dixon (1997) as exemplary of Pynchon's reconsideration of the nature of power and potential opposition to it in response to the countercultural movement's failures and successes, and to developments in capitalist social organization in the 1980s.


A light emitting device includes: a first and second LED chips for emitting light with a first and second wavelengths which are different from each other; and a translucent sealing resin for sealing the first and second LED chips; wherein the sealing resin contains a fluorescent material which is excited by light with the first wavelength but is not excited by light with the second wavelength, so that the light with the second wavelength and white light resulted from color mixture of the light with the first and second wavelengths and light emitted from the fluorescent material can be selectively emitted. The above light emitting device is adapted for a camera-equipped cellular phone.


Healthcare represents 19.7% of the gross national product, making it one of the largest expenses for all U.S. companies. It crowds out investment for growth and is generally considered unsustainable. And the biggest cost is hospitals. Every manager has a vested interest in lowering the cost of care and increasing the viability of hospitals in their community. More than 10% of U.S. hospitals are at immediate risk of closing because of financial losses and lack of financial reserves. Over 70% of 900 hospitals surveyed reported a decrease in operating revenue over the last year. The COVID-19 pandemic provided momentum toward developing alternative deliveries of care, including virtual health, home, and outpatient care. This has created a rapid, massive shift away from hospital-based care. Perhaps the greatest risk is the largest opportunity—to find solutions to this financial crisis in the rapidly changing revenue dynamic of subspecialties, with musculoskeletal care being the prime example. Alternative sites of care and innovative care delivery are being financed by capital market investment. One solution to this crisis is for hospitals to collaborate with capital market-backed companies creating a novel business model.


This report covers a series of International Hop Variety trials for the first five years for which they were carried out. Though they have been continued for a further period, a progress report is appropriate as the agricultural and weather recording arrangements have been improved and analysis at one centre has been arranged. The results for the two periods will not therefore be strictly comparable.

The history and organization of the trials is described, and the results are discussed.


There is a general need to design fluoride regimens with a view to antimicrobial actionsof fluorideas well as to its effects on demineralization and remineralization. The desire then is for products and regimens that will result in sustained and enhanced levels of fluoride in the oral cavity. The means to achieve these enhanced levels include water fluoridation, which could be school-based in some cases, and the use of sustainedrelease products. The use of fluoride-containing toothpastes is to be encouraged. The most desirable regimens involve multiple use each day. Use late in the day, when salivary flow is reducedand retention enhanced, can be recommended, as well as use at the time when cariogenic challenges would be expected to be greatest. Mouthrinses are possible alternative vehicles, but again, multiple use per day is desirable. There is need also to design special regimens for individuals with high risk of caries. Caries is a multifactorial disease, and it appears that the anticaries action of fluoride is also multifactorial, including antimicrobial components. The fluoride which appears to be most important for reducing caries is that in plaque. Thus, the orientation should be toward creating an environment where high levels of fluoride occur in plaque for inhibition of bacterial acid production and for maintenance of hard tissues.


Clinical supervisors of radiography students have a responsibility to organise and manage clinical training resources. However, there is a lack of literature to support radiographers in this role. Most of the literature on the managerial function of a clinical supervisor is from the nursing and medical professions. This article borrows the nursing and medical professions literature and applies it to radiography. The managerial tasks of a clinical supervisor reviewed and discussed are the orientation process of students, clinical teaching and learning resources, requirements for appointment as a clinical supervisor, developing and maintaining competency as a clinical supervisor and quality assurance programmes in clinical supervision. This information will guide radiographers in the facilitation of practice-based learning for radiography students during their clinical practice.


The main objective behind this study is to examine the relationship between job involvement and organizational climate of government employees. The study also focuses on the gender differences on the basis of these factors. This study is conducted on 200 middle level male and female employees in total, belonging to urban domicile. A survey of government employees (aged 40-55) reveals that job involvement has significant positive correlation with organizational climate in total. Additionally, this relation found to be significantly correlated in case of both female employees and their male counterparts.


Objective To evaluate the effects of low-dose intra-articular morphine injection for postoperative analgesia after knee arthroscopy.Methods Sixty postoperative patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy were randomized into two equal groups for intra-articular morphine injection at 2 mg solved in 5 ml saline solution(group A)or for injection with the same volume of normal saline(group B).At 2,4,8,16,24,48 and 72 h after the in- jections,the visual analogue scale(VAS)was measured for passive knee extension and 90-degree flexion,and the adverse effect in association with the injections were recorded.Results In group A,the VAS scores for passive knee extension at 4,8,16,24,48 and 72 h after the injection were significantly lower than those in group B(P0.05).The scores for knee flexion in group A at these time points were also significantly lower than those in group B(P0.05).The VAS scores at 2 h after injection were similar between the two groups.No serious adverse effects except for itching(in 1 case in each group)were observed in the two groups.Conclusion Low-dose intra-articular mor- phine injection can effectively relieve the pain after arthroscopic knee surgery.


A constraint term was applied to the level set method for improving the volume conser- vation.Then a 3-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to study the effect of the liquid cross-flow on bubble formation in plug flow reactor by using the improved level set method coupled with an ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian)algorithm.The simulation results agree qualitatively with experimental observations in the literature.The results show that the liquid cross-flow has a significant effect on the bubble formation.The bubble size and formation time decrease with the increase of the liquid velocity,but increase with the increase of gas velocity.This research can provide a scientific base for the wastewater treatment of activated sludge from the point of view of fluid dynamics.


Linear Block Codes for Block Fading Channels Based on Hadamard Matrices. (December 2005) Spyros Spyrou, B.Eng., National Technical University of Athens Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Costas N. Georghiades We investigate the creation of linear block codes using Hadamard matrices for block fading channels. The aforementioned codes are very easy to find and have bounded cross correlation spectrum. The optimality is with respect to the metric-spectrum which gives a performance for the codes very close to optimal codes. Also, we can transform these codes according to different characteristics of the channel and can use selective transmission methods.


The paper shows how our small, mainly residential liberal arts college moved intentionally to develop a limited number of online courses, available in the summer and January term only, to help retain and recruit students [ ]that most of us have made the "shift" to some sort of distance teaching, we can take the opportunity to explore research regarding distance learning for language educators, and we have real-life experiences that we can bring to our understanding of the research Technology and foreign language learning


To the Editor.—Report of a Case.— A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever, purulent sputum, dyspnea, and pleuritic pain; she had not taken antibiotics prior to admission. Her medical history was unremarkable. On admission her blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg, her temperature was36.8 °C, her pulse rate was 120 beats per minute and regular, and her respirations were 28/min. Physical findings were normal except for bibasilar rales, and there were no signs of meningeal irritation. An x-ray film of the chest showed an alveolar pattern in both lower lobes and a rightsided pleural effusion. The blood picture profile was normal except for a leukocyte count of 20,300/cu mm with 18% band forms. Thoracocentesis disclosed serosanguineous fluid and a Gram-stained smear showed no organisms. Four hours later her temperature rose, her consciousness became impaired, and she developed mild nuchal rigidity without other focal neurologic signs.


Among students, plagiarism is still frequently encountered. One of the factors caused this problems is feeling anxiety when dealing with academic tasks. In one semester, a student can gets two or three scientific article, it can be individual or group assignments. Beside that, a final year student also have to create a thesis as a main factor to dedice their graduation. It caused the students' anxiety and under pressure, so it leads them to do plagiarism. Based on the prolems, the researcher do this reseach. The aim of this research are : 1) To know the relationship between academics anxiety and plagiarism on students. 2) To know the level of academics anxiety and plagiarism. 3) To know the constribution of academics anxiety and plagiarism. 4) To know the differences of academics anxiety between man and woman. 5) To know the differences of plagiarism between man and woman. Hypothesis on this research there is positive relationship between academics anxiety and plagiarism on students. Plagiarism done by man is higher than woman.
The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the subject of as many as 100 students of the Faculty of Psychology of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Measuring instruments used academics anxiety scale and plagiarism scale. The analysis method used corelation between product moment and t-test.
Based on analysis of the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.189 and p = 0.030 (p < 0.05) it means that there is a significant positive relationship between academic anxiety with plagiarism in students. The constribution of academic anxiety against plagiarism by 3.6%. Academic anxiety classified as moderate by the empirical mean of 111.54 and hypothetical mean of 120. While plagiarism is low with an average of 61.25 empirical and hypothetical mean of 72.9. The results of t-test analysis plagiarism variables obtained t value of 2.151 and Sig (2-tailed) p = 0.034 (p < 0.05). This shows that there are significant differences of plagiarism based on gender.Plagiarisme done by man is higher than woman.


ABSTRACT This review essay of a National Film Preservation Foundation archival DVD boxed set of fiction and non-fiction films from the Progressive era emphasizes the underlying optimism about the future that is discernible even in those films that treat harrowing subjects (such as social deprivation, violence, and industrial exploitation).


For the rich indium material ternary alloys, the manufacturing technology has become mature, but there is still larger space for the research on the modeling of their physical characteristic. Among the material band gap that emitting wavelength directly related to and their corresponding bending coefficient (bowing parameter), the lattice constant, bond lengths, and components, there are small theoretical study at home and abroad at present, but since the fact that these physical properties have a certain impact on the craft itself, so this paper uses the Materials Studio Software based on first principles to analyze the relationships among the band gaps and their corresponding lattice constant, the bond length, the bowing parameter and the components on the basis of the previous method. Comparing the simulated with the experimental data, the results showed that all the simulated band gaps value are in good agreement with the previous researches.


We present new effective temperature and surface gravity determinations for a sample of 90 hot white dwarfs detected in the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) all-sky survey. The measurements, based on spectroscopy of the Balmer line series obtained at the Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT Observatory, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Lick Observatory, and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, are used to constrain the space density as well as the population age and mass distribution of a sample of 110 EUV-selected DA white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood. We find a mass spectrum narrowly peaked over 0.56 M☉, indicative of a C-O core with a thin hydrogen layer, and a significant population of 10 ultramassive (M ≥ 1.1 M☉) white dwarfs; we also find that all objects fall between effective temperatures of ≈ 25,000 and ≈ 75,000 K and that most are younger than 30 Myr. Using Wood's evolutionary models we determine a DA white dwarf birthrate in the solar neighborhood of (0.7-1.0) × 10-12 pc-3 yr-1. Although most objects are on normal C-O cooling tracks, we suggest that a few low-mass white dwarfs and the population of ultramassive white dwarfs may follow different paths with, respectively, He, and, possibly, O-Ne-Mg cores.


Abstract This article addresses growth through economic specialization based on completive advantage. Winemaking is one of the key branches of Moldova's economy, which stands for about 20 percent of Moldova's GDP. It has high potential in terms of contribution to qualitative economic growth. About 90 percent of Moldovan wine is intended for export to countries like Great Britain, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Greece, Scandinavia, US, Japan and China, and only 10 percent for local consumption. Winemaking is one of Moldova's specialties, which enjoys long-lived traditions and vivid history of Moldova's wineries, including Milesti Mici registered in 2005 as world's biggest winery by Guinness World Records. The concept of this study suggests that economic growth must be induced through competitive areas of specialization, which are present in any economy. Substantial investments are required to develop those areas. Structurally, winemaking branch in Moldova is comprised of small and medium enterprises flexible and open to innovation, which is a strong prerequisite to develop those areas into drivers of economic growth eventually resulting into new jobs, higher export, higher GDP, better living conditions. Winemaking alone cannot be the answer to Moldova's economic problem. Yet, this study highlights the importance of focusing on competitive advantage and specialized growth to create qualitative internallydriven economic growth, particularly important for nations struggling within current socio-economic affairs.


An orthopaedic device for repairing a portion of a body, the orthopaedic device includes an orthopaedic plate, a tissue protector, and a rotating member. The orthopaedic plate is configured to attach to at least one bone. The tissue protector is attached to the orthopaedic plate and configured to at least partially detach from the orthopaedic plate after a force is applied to the tissue protector. The rotating member is configured to connect the tissue protector to the orthopaedic plate while allowing the tissue protector to rotate relative to the orthopaedic plate.


Objective: To study the pharmacodynamics of DNA-2E on fungi. Methods: Concentration gradient method was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of DNA-2E on trichophyton rubrum and beard-like trichophyton. Results: The ranges of MIC of DNA-2E on trichophyton rubrum and beard-like trichophyton were 0.0625~0.125mg/mL and 0.03125~0.125mg/mL respectively; of which there was no significant difference between the two fungi. Both 2% and 4% DNA-2E had better effects on ringworm of guinea pig in feet and body infected by beard-like trichophyton, which showed significant difference compared to distilled water and no significant difference compared to 1% Zuguang powder. Both 4% and 6% DNA-2E had better Antipruritic effect, which showed no significant difference compared to 2% Zuguang Powder and significant difference compared to distilled water. Conclusion: DNA-2E has better effects on fungi (antimycotic) and Antipruritic by external use.


Objective To study the drug resistance changes in Tca8113 cell lines by exposing to Carboplatin in the nude mice. Methods The Tca8113 cells were injected subcutaneously in both sides of armpit of nude mice. Two weeks after injection Carboplatin was used subcutaneously around the tumor. Mice were sacrificed about 13 weeks after drug inducing. The sensibility to drugs of the cells was analysed by MTT method. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR were utilized to examine the expression of MDR proteins and genes. Results After exposing to Carboplatin, the Tca8113/CBP-vo cells had higher drug-resistance to CBP, MTX, PYM, VCR and higher expression of MRP, GST-π than Tca8113 cells. Conclusion The study showed MDR phenotype was elevated obviously in the inducing group, and in vivo inducing MDR was a good way to establish investigation platform for MDR mechanisms and reversing study.


Abstract Drawing has long been used as a projective assessment tool. It is appropriate for psychotherapy and art therapy to develop tools capable of assessing how the client relates to their emotional and unconscious personal experience, the defense mechanisms used by the client and his ego strength. Drawing a wild animal and a person (DWAP: Draw-a-Wild-Animal-and-a-Person) in action could provide relevant information in this regard. The wild animal may symbolize elements originating from the deepest layers of the unconscious while the person may depict elements closer to the conscious self. Some data from its implementation and an example of its implementation are presented with a view to introducing the tool to therapists and researchers. Further research on this evaluation tool would be advisable.


This paper broadly surveys the present adoption of Artificial Intelligence in mainstream enterprise applications and envisions a future in which businesses and organizations of all sizes will derive value from AI-enhanced applications. In this context, Artificial Intelligence refers to a broad spectrum of technologies which have the potential to move the enterprise applications paradigm from one of replacing human effort with machine effort where the machine can simply outperform humans in terms of reliability and operations per unit time, to enhancing human activity by adding artificially intelligent machine activity to model and interact with real world complexity in ways that exceed human ability to synthesize and derive insights from the data tsunami under which many organizations are awash. The present and potential contributions of various primary forms of Artificial Intelligence are considered with respect to applications which drive marketplace innovation, applications which enable marketplace differentiation, and applications which simply enable and improve operations and recordkeeping. A framework is proposed for use by business and technology leaders and enterprise architects for maintaining alignment with organizational goals and values, identifying consumable Artificial Intelligence technologies, and create a value-oriented roadmap for prioritization and implementation.


Creation of an impression to a brand become one of the tools to attract
consumers, so that consumers are more loyal to a brand and make consumers
remember the brand. This study aims to analyze a variable marketing mix and
brand image to a purchasing decision that impact on customer satisfaction. The
samples used for this study as many as 100 of those consumers who buy products
shuttlecock LIYA. Sample was taken by purposive sampling or data collection
with particular consideration the samples in this study are some consumers who
purchase and trust products shuttlecock LIYA more than once. Testing study using
multiple linear regression. For the results of this study can be concluded that of
the marketing mix had a positive influence on purchase decisions (2,445) with a
significance value of 0.016, so that the brand image does not have a positive
influence on purchasing decisions and consumer satisfaction (-0.211) with a
significance value of 0,833 and a decision purchases positive effect on customer
satisfaction (.224) with a significance value of 0.027.


The solid-phase synthesis of allosamidin is described. After the NHCbz trichloroacetimidate donors were synthesized, solid-phase synthesis was performed using the Wang resin as support. The target allosamidin was obtained by iterative glycosylation reactions, catalytic hydrogenation, acetylation, and deacetylation, respectively.


South Australian drivers who obtained their first provisional car licence between July 1998 and June 2001 and who were 16 to 19 years of age at the time of provisional licensure were identified. Their involvement as car drivers in crashes in South Australia that resulted in an injury or total damage of $3,000 or greater was determined for their learner period and the five years after obtaining their first provisional car licence. Driver factors considered were: year of obtaining first provisional licence; sex of driver; age of driver; location of residence; method of licensure; and length of time on learner's permit. A rapid reduction in the average rate of crash involvement was found, especially in the first year of driving on a provisional licence and particularly for crashes involving drivers leaving the roadway or making right filter turns across traffic. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E217612.


In this paper, we present some methods for generating and manipulating 3D models by WTK (World Tool Kit). First, we establish 3D scene graph, a hierarchical architecture, which depicts the relationship of objects in the scene. Next, discuss the terrain matching between tank model and terrain model in detail. Finally, how to detect collision between missile and tank is reported as well. The methods mentioned above are proved to be effective in our development of an anti-tank missile-training simulator.


In this paper, we used the structure theory of multiple valued logic function, researched the equivalence class of affine automata over finite fields, and determined the equivalence classes of several kinds ofautonomous agfine automaton for the first time.


Due to widely application in optical fiber communication,the guidewave optics has been cared for.The distribution of electromagnetic field in waveguide is the elementary question of guidewave optics,many methods are used to solve this question.In this paper,we present a normaliaztion to deal with this question.


Biofilms are communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-generated matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). While biofilm recalcitrance and persistence are caused by several factors, a reduction in antimicrobial susceptibility has been closely associated with the generation of pH gradients within the biofilm structure. Cells embedded within the biofilm create a localized acidic microenvironment which is unaffected by the external pH. Therefore, pH monitoring is a promising approach for understanding the complexities of a three-dimensional heterogeneous biofilm. A fluorescent pH nanosensor was designed through the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (47 ± 5 nm diameter) conjugated to a pH-sensitive dye (fluorescein) and a pH insensitive dye (rhodamine B) as an internal standard (dye-MSNs). The fluorescence intensity of fluorescein (IF) reduced significantly as the pH was decreased from 8.5 to 3.5. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B (IR) remained constant at any pH. The ratio of IF/IR produced a sigmoidal curve with respect to the pH, in a working pH range of between 4.5 and 7.5. Dye-MSNs enabled the measurement of pH gradients within Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS 365 biofilm microcolonies. The biofilms showed spatially distinct low-pH regions that were enclosed into large clusters corresponding to high cell-density areas. Also present were small low-pH areas spread indistinctly throughout the microcolony, caused by mass transfer effect. The lowest detected pH within the inner core of the microcolonies was 5.1, gradually increasing to a neutral pH towards the exterior of the microcolonies. The dye-MSNs were able to fully penetrate the biofilm matrix and allowed a quantitative ratiometric analysis of pH gradients and distribution throughout the biofilm which was independent of nanoparticle concentration.


It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to the frequency of linear atelectasis in association with intra-abdominal lesions. Since 1936 (1) linear atelectasis has been adequately described in the roentgenologic literature. Nevertheless, even after a decade, many roentgenologists and clinicians fail to utilize this important diagnostic sign of intra-abdominal disease to the best advantage. Its presence, although not pathognomonic, should immediately lead to suspicion of a pathological condition within the abdomen. Among the terms by which horizontal linear atelectasis has been designated at various times are Fleischner's atelectasis (1, 2); disk, plate-like, or reflex atelectasis (3); lamelliform atelectatic foci. Historical Matthes (4), as far back as 1922, and subsequently Laurell (5) and Hulten (6) described the roentgenologic appearance of linear shadows in the lung bases which were secondary to underlying intra-abdominallesions. These findings, however, they erroneously attributed to a fibrin...


Water is essential to the survival of any living being, economic development and environmental protection. In fact few other resources affect many aspects of the economy, health and environment. Untreated polluted water loaded with minerals and organic pollutants poses a serious problem for the ecosystem because of the poor biodegradability and toxicity of organic substances which causes severe damage to the biosphere consists of the all living beings. The microbial biotechnology is the best tool for the environmental protection. The microorganisms used as biosorbents have proved successful in the living or dead state.


The claw closer muscle of the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis , undergoes a cyclical atrophy and restoration during the interval between ecdyses. During proecdysis (stage D), 30–60% of the muscle protein is degraded, which reduces tissue mass and facilitates withdrawal of the propodus at ecdysis. Protein is resynthesized as the muscle grows back to its previous size during metecdysis. This atrophy is specific to the claws and can be accentuated by multiple limb autotomy. Crustacean muscles contain five cytosolic proteinases that degrade myofibrillar proteins. Four of these constitute a family of enzymes requiring Ca2+ for activity. These calcium-dependent proteinases (CDPs) hydrolyze myofibrillar proteins in vitro and in situ and show increased activity in atrophic claw muscles, which suggests that CDPs play an important role in myofibrillar protein metabolism. The fifth enzyme is a multicatalytic proteinase (MCP), a multisubunit proteolytic complex that degrades a wide range of peptide and protein substrates. The catalytic properties of the complex are altered with low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate or by brief heating at 60°C. Only the heat-activated form degrades myofibrillar proteins. Since the CDPs hydrolyze contractile proteins about 30-fold more rapidly than the heat-activated MCP, the MCP probably has a more limited or specialized function in molt-induced claw muscle atrophy.


In this paper, anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) templates with an uniform pore diameter and periodicity were fabricated using a two-step oxidization method in a solution with 0.5M sulfuric and 5g/L oxalic at room temperature, and pore-widening was fulfilled in 5wt% phosphoric acid. Then, arrays of manganese dioxide nanowires were prepared using AAO template above by sol-gel method with a sol-gel solution containing Mn(CH_3COO)_2 and citric acid. SEM characterized the structure of AAO and MnO_2 nanowires. The results show that MnO_2 nanowires with uniform length and diameter were obtained, and the length and diameter of MnO_2 nanowires are dependent on the pore diameter and the thickness of the applied AAO template. The pore diameter of the AAO was about 75±2nm, the diameter of the MnO_2 nanowires was 70nm,and the length of the MnO_2 nanowires was about 500~700nm.XRD analysis indicated the MnO_2 nanowires are α-MnO_2. The results of cyclic voltammetry indicated α-MnO_2 nanowires were a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, the specific capacity of the electrode was 165 F/g.


Enteromonas honminis is the name given by da Fonseca (1915) to a new flagellate of the intestine of man, a very small organism possessing three anterior flagella, two of which are directed forward and one, somewhat longer, directed posteriorly but not adherent to the surface of the body. Wenyon and O'Connor (1917; 1919) described a somewhat similar small flagellate; however, it has four anterior flagella, three directed forward and one recurrent, attached to the body surface for a part of its length. The cysts of Tricercomonas were also described but da Fonseca reported no cyst for his organism. Dobell (1921) considers that these two flagellates are probably the same and accepts Wenyon and O'Connor's description, their name, however, giving way to Enteromonas hominis da Fonseca. He tentatively identifies with this species also Trichomastix hominis Chatterjee (1917), Diplocercomonas soudanensis Chalmers and Pekkola (1919), and Enteromolas bengalensis Chatterjee (1919), all of which bear slight variations in their descriptions. Recently the writer has had occasion to observe a small flagellate which is apparently identical with Tricercomonas intestinalis Wenyon and O'Connor and to make some comparisons between it and a flagellate from the guinea-pig which resembles closely Enteromonas hominis. The human flagellate comes from the stools of a woman, in which it is associated with Chilomastix, the host showing no intestinal symptoms referable to the presence of the organism. The flagellate was not seen in the material from a duodenal drainage and consequently is to be considered a lower intestine inhabitant. It probably occurs in the large intestine as was the case of the flagellate from the guinea-pig. It occurred in considerable numbers in the fresh stool from which it


Introduction. Obesity is an independent risk factor and prognostic factor of primary breast cancer. Abundant adipose tissue would lead to an increment of blood estrogen level; thus, promoting the proliferation of cancer cells, especially those with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). No study reported the association between obesity and hormone receptor characteristics of primary breast cancer in Indonesia. Method. We collected cases of primary breast cancer, which is diagnosed and undergone immunohistochemistry examination at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in 2017. The subjects divided into obese groups and non-obese groups. The ER and PR characteristics of both groups were compared Results. We collected 202 cases of primary breast cancer, with 89 cases (44%) in the obese group and 113 cases (56%) in the non-obese group. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the subjects was 24.45±4.3. Both groups were similar in terms of age, menopausal status, stage, histopathological morphology and grade. No significant association was found between obesity and ER or PR. We analyzed the correlation between BMI and the percentage of expressed hormone receptors, but no correlation found. This finding did not conform to other Western studies. The difference in the characteristics of the subjects and other hormonal factors might contribute to the outcome. Conclusion. There is no association between obesity and hormone receptor characteristics of primary breast cancer at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in 2017.


The nuclear fuel claddings used in light water reactors (LWRs) consist of zirconium and a small number of metals. However, at the time of the accident in Fukusima, Japan, zirconium alloy (Zr alloy) cladding reacted with high-temperature steam in loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and a large amount of hydrogen gas was generated [1]. In order to solve these problems, various studies are underway to development of the accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding. In this research, a drawing process was used to improve mechanical strength under high temperature conditions by using stainless steel 316(SUS-316) tube inside and outside of the existing ZIRLO cladding. Because of good plastic workability compared to other ferritic/martensitic stainless steels, 316 austenitic stainless steel was chosen for drawing process materials. But the thermal conductivity is low and thermal neutron absorption cross section is more than 10 times larger than Zr alloy [2]. Therefore, using as thin as possible SUS tube is very important factor of drawing process. The development of Multi-Walled Drawing process shown in Fig. 1 which is very simple and performs at room temperature can be mass-produced using existing Zr-alloy cladding. High temperature exposures up to 1200°C in air were performed to demonstrate the oxidation resistance of Multi-Walled Drawing Cladding (MWDC) and evaluate each layer interface between SUS and ZIRLO [3].


This paper describes the theoretical basis and implementation of a delivery and assessment mechanism for student reflection in a first year construction technology course at the University of Newcastle. It discusses the results obtained from the evaluation of the first deployment and concludes with reflections on the implications for development.


New home construction set a torrid pace for years in the Southeast. But the homebuilding industry has cooled considerably, tempering the vitality of industries that had flourished along with it.


An American geographer describes and evaluates the first attempt to establish a large, privately operated nature reserve and sustainable agricultural economy in post-Soviet Russia. A 5,200 ha preserve along the Amur River, known as Murav'yovka Park, was acquired as a 50-year lease from nearby collective farms. The preserve's role as an important breeding area for migratory cranes is examined in the context of international conservation efforts and funding; other functions (e.g., agricultural production, environmental education) also are discussed, based on field observations in 1998. Developments at Murav'yovka are symptomatic of broader problems involved with privatizing nature conservation in contemporary Russia. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: Q20, Q24, Q26. 1 figure, 2 tables, 28 references.