With the development of digital technologies, the lines defining traditional industries are blurring. However, there is still a lack of a standard or shared common understanding of digital transformation in terms of its nature and content, change process, underlying mechanisms, and desired outcomes as they are still under-specified. To build a common ground for choosing and using appropriate approaches to manage the "going digital" journey, this paper attempts to illustrate how digital transformation occurs with a proposed typology from a change management perspective based on the cross-case analysis of 103 organizational case studies, and to clarify the essential attributes of an (organizational) digital transformation and how they can be classified into four different types: digitalization, digital mutation, digital metamorphosis, and digital transformation.


The most probable cause of quenches of a coil wound of Bi/Ag-sheathed wires is the appearance of a long resistive zone caused by the temperature rise of the long part of the conductor due to, for example, ac losses and the malfunction of the cryogenic system. Protection characteristics of quenches by this cause are experimentally and analytically investigated. In the experiment, the operating temperature of a coil wound of a Bi/Ag-sheathed wire is gradually increased until the resistive voltage of the coil exceeds a given threshold to start a quench dump sequence. Damages in the test coils are examined by changing the decay time constant of the coil current. Based on those results, conditions to protect coils from damages are investigated. Analysis is conducted to simulate quench events, and conditions for quench protection are obtained. The analytical results well explain the quench behaviors of the test coils.


The invention discloses a clamping mechanism which is used cooperatively when being wound with a tire bead. The clamping mechanism comprises a linear guide rail which is mounted on the surface of an engine base and is provided with a slide block, and a clamping device linear air cylinder, wherein the linear guide rail is mounted on the surface of an engine base and is provided with a slide block; the clamping device linear air cylinder can push a clamping device frame body to do front and back linear movement; the clamping device frame body is provided with a rotary air cylinder, can be connected with a lower clamping wheel rotatable frame body through a shaft and a bearing, and can drive the clamping device frame body to synchronously rotate in the opposite direction with a certain angle; the lower clamping wheel rotatable frame body is provided with a lower clamping wheel and a driving upper clamping wheel; a driven upper clamping wheel is used for clamping the tire bead in a cooperation manner; the driving upper clamping wheel is driven by a motor by virtue of a shaft and a bearing so as to ensure that the tire bead is kept rotating during a clamping process. The clamping mechanism has the advantages that during installation of the mechanism and cooperative use of the mechanism and the tire bead winding device, the automatic tire bead clamping work during winding can be finished, the whole body can move frontwards and backwards and the avoiding movement can be done in a discharging process, and materials can be conveniently discharged; and in a clamping process, the tire bead can be vertically lifted, the feeding work is convenient to realize and a feeding bottom frame is avoided.


Hereinwe report a fundamentally new methodfor the preparation of chiral organicfilms which allows control over boththe absolute handedness and enantio-meric excess of adsorbed molecules, yetunlikeotherapproachestotheformationof chiral surfaces, our method involvesno chiral inputs. Instead, mirror symme-try is broken in a layer of achiralmolecules by controlling their arrange-ment on a single-crystal substrate with aliquid-crystal solvent and a magneticfield.We studied films of the compound 4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl (8CB) on graph-ite,aroom-temperaturesmectic-Aliquidcrystal (LC). When placed in contactwith graphite, 8CB forms a single poly-crystalline monolayer at the interfacebetween the substrate and bulk fluidsupernate.


Atmospheric particulate matters (PM) are tiny pieces of solid or liquid matter associated with the Earth's atmosphere. They are suspended in the atmosphere as atmospheric aerosol. Recently, density of fine particles PM2.5, diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, from China is serious environmental issue in East part of Asia. In this study, the authors have developed a PM2.5 density distribution visualization system using ground-level sensor network dataset and Mie lidar dataset. The former dataset is used for visualization of horizontal PM2.5 density distribution and movement analysis, the latter dataset is used for visualization of vertical PM2.5 density distribution and movement analysis.


The TARGET2 (T2) positions on the balance sheets of euro area national central banks (NCBs) have increased unprecedentedly since the beginning of the financial crisis. Currently only four euro area NCBs record T2 claims, while the remaining NCBs are T2 debtors. During the last twelve months, these developments were accompanied by a large public debate. The present article adds to the bulk of existing literature on this topic as it explains the origins and development of T2 positions by means of a stylized framework of financial accounts. It is stressed throughout the article that T2 positions constitute merely a reflex of underlying adverse developments in financial markets and respective counteracting measures of the Eurosystem that are necessary to maintain the financial stability of the euro area. Furthermore, the financial risks behind T2 positions, and the relationship to the monetary base, the euro area's liquidity deficit and intra-euro-area current account deficits are discussed in greater detail. Finally, we discuss recent proposals to limit T2 positions and we provide several superior measures of how to re-balance T2 positions.


I n the three birth registers from Scotland, Yorkshire, and England and Wales, the seasonal pattern of birth of patients with childhood-onset diabetes differed from that of the general population (1). We examined the birth distribution in two nationwide diabetes incidence studies in The Netherlands (2), 1978-1980 (n = 1,308) and 1988-1990 (n = 1,325), together with the total birth distribution. The ascertainment percentages were estimated to be 88 and 81%, respectively. Data regarding day, month, and year of birth and sex were available for all patients (age 0-19 years; 1,394 males and 1,239 females [sex ratio = 1131). The patients were born between 1959 and 1979 and between 1968 and 1990. We adjusted the aggregated data per month for live births in the general population on the basis of the weighted number of births (1959-1990) per month as published by the Central Bureau for Statistics, The Hague (Fig. 1).


Geological facts were at first understood as narrating a progressive or regressive linear history (Buffon). Then, Hutton reinterpreted these facts as a reflection of a cyclical succession of the same phenomena which involved, in particular, a repetition of orogenesis. However, students often account for the formation of mountains by attributing it to single ancient event. Similar ideas are found among writers and film-makers, showing how difficult it is to conceive a cyclic history of the earth. Even contemporary science stumbles on this problem for want of being able to build a model tha t can reconcile repetit ion with irreversible advancement.


A systematic evaluation of Hanford High-Level Waste (HLW) loading in alkali-alumino-borosilicate glasses was performed. The waste feed compositions used were obtained from current tank waste composition estimates, Hanford's baseline retrieval sequence, and pretreatment processes. The waste feeds were sorted into groups of like composition by cluster analysis. Glass composition optimization was performed on each cluster to meet property and composition constraints while maximizing waste loading. Glass properties were estimated using property models developed for Hanford HLW glasses. The impacts of many constraints on the volume of HLW glass to be produced at Hanford were evaluated. The liquidus temperature, melting temperature, chromium concentration, formation of multiple phases on cooling, and product consistency test response requirements for the glass were varied one- or many-at-a-time and the resultant glass volume was calculated. This study shows clearly that the allowance of crystalline phases in the glass melter can significantly decrease the volume of HLW glass to be produced at Hanford.


To the false accounting information,the accountant and the judicial circle have the vast difference in the understanding and the determination.The question that the accounting information quality deteriorates has brought out the economic fluctuation in the stock market and chartered accountants legal liability increases day by day.The theory and the solid service once required chartered accountants to undertake the infinite joint and several liability for the false accounting information,but the strict liability undertaking will substantially endanger this occupation.The analysis of the law economic theory indicated that the related responsibility person must undertake the legal liability according to the proportion,this also will be the future international development tendency;Chartered accountant office and court are unsuitable to become a standard entity in the false accounting information recognition and the legal liability boundary limits due to its inherent limitation,but the expert evidence center may serve this purpose.


The authors have had good results in instances of fungal ulcer of the cornea by mechanical debridement and the topical use of the fungistatic antibiotic.


A compound of the formula: wherein each of R1 and R2 is hydrogen, halo, cyano or methyl, the dotted line represents a double bond, where each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl or cyclopropyl -C1-6alkyl, n is 0 or 1, and R3 is -SR6, -SOR6, -SO2R6, -COR6, -CH2OH or -CONHR7, where R6 is C1-6 alkyl and R7 is hydrogen or C1- alkyl 6; with the proviso that one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen and the other is fluorine, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, n is 0, then R3 is not -COR6 or -CONHR7 it; or a salt thereof.


DC disconnector is one of the key equipment in valve hall, consisting of hoop, fixed contact, moving contact, folding mechanism, post insulator, pedestal and shielding ring. Because of the complex structure of disconnector, severe electric distortion was likely to occur in this part. Thus analysing the potential and electric field distribution of the equipment was necessary. In this paper, a model of a one-column-vertical telescopic disconnector in ±500kV valve hall was established and calculated using finite-element method software COMSOL. The surface electric field of the opening and closing disconnector was calculated separately and compared with the critical value of the electric field (20kV/cm). According to the calculation results, the structure parameters of disconnector were adjusted in some aspects. After the optimization, the maximum surface field strength in closing condition appearing at the bottom of pedestal was 18.5kV/cm and the maximum surface field strength in opening condition appearing at the shielding ring of hoops was 19.2kV/cm. The calculation results could provide valuable references for the design of DC disconnector in ±500kV valve hall.


This paper proposes a multi-power reaching law-based sliding-mode control (SMC) for uncertain discrete-time systems. The proposed controller mainly consists of the multi-power function along with the perturbation estimation. Different from the existing similar works, the control gains of the controller are adaptively adjusted by the multi-power function, i.e., three power terms, according to different stages of the convergence process. Hence, the system trajectory of the controlled system can be forced toward the sliding surface with a faster convergence rate. The corresponding sliding-mode dynamics and the reaching steps to the sliding surface are theoretically analyzed. A practical example is given to examining the validity of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the reaching steps while guaranteeing better control accuracy than the single power method.


notes. University of Illinois Press, Urbana I959). A survey of the development of the methods used in sociological research during the last decades, might lead to the conclusion that some importance cannot be denied to the influence of fashionable trends. Thus, we remember the discussions which took place in 1948, after the Gallup polls with regard to the outcome of the presidential elections seemed to have failed, as to whether a quota rather than a random


In the last years, several scandals concerning defective implanted medical devices have caused a sensation. The focus of the liability cases was mainly on claims by patients against the medical device manufacturers. A possible liability of the attending doctor or the hospital in the case of the implantation of medical devices, however, has been neglected. The aim of the investigation was to close this gap.
 In particular, the thesis focuses on the question which rights the patient may have in case of defectiveness of the implanted medical device. This depends to a large extent on the qualification of the contractual relations. In addition, specific problems arising from the interface between medical malpractice liability and medical device law are examined.


The pulse-modulated system described by a functional differential equation is considered. Ithas a continuous unstable nonstationary linear part and a pulse modulator in an expression for afeedback. A synthesis of a modulator input, which stabilizes the system for every initial state isperformed.


2PGS Marine Geophysical NSA Summary The use of multicomponent technology in the geophysical industry has grown in the last few years. The converted wave data acquired with multicomponent sensors has greatly improved our imaging capabilities, especially in gas charged sediments. However, challenges remain in applying the converted wave technology in difficult areas. This paper discusses one such area where there is a need to apply some of the new tools of acquisition and processing to tackle the problems posed by complex geology. The Mishrif formation is one of the important reservoirs in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E). However, seismic imaging in the offshore fields of the U.A.E. has been problematic due to interbed multiples generated by the lower Fars formation in the shallow section. Previous attempts to improve seismic imaging with dual-sensor ocean-bottom cable technology have worked well for attenuating the effect of water-column reverberations but have done little to mitigate the effect of multiples on data quality. In this paper we present results of one of the early tests of 4-C acquisition to record bo th PP and PS data to image the Mishrif reservoir in offshore U.A.E. Our results show that the PS data is less affected by interbed multiples than the PP data, and thus produces a better image of the reservoir. Moreover, the inversion of converted wave (PS) data seems to be more promising in imaging the Mishrif reservoir. Further improvements are possible by joint inversion of PP and PS data.


A HPLC method was established for the quantitative analysis of melanin from black-bone silky fowl(Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson,BSF) by determination of pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid(PDCA) and pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid(PTCA) which were oxidative products of melanin.The compounds were seperated in a Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) using grandient elution with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid-methanol.The analytes were monitored by the diode array detector at 282.8 nm,respectively.Qualitative analysis was performed by LC-MS.The results showed that PDCA and PTCA had good resolution on HPLC and the content of melanin was 76.327 9 μg/mg in crude melanin sample after separation and purification.The good selectivity,high recovery and reproducibility of the method made it be suitable for the determination of BSF melanin.


Of the methyl substituted procaine congeners, 2-diethylaminoethyl-3 5-dimethylbenzoate hydrochloride was most effective having a therapeutic index of 64.1 and a protective index of 28.5. 2-Diethylaminoethyl-2,3-dimethylbenzoate hydrochloride and 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoate hydrochloride had higher protective indices, but lower therapeutic indices compared with procaine hydrochloride. Compared with procaine hydrochloride, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,5-dimethylbenzoate hydrochloride has slightly higher therapeutic index (37.4), but a much higher protective index. The present study reveals that methyl substitution at position 3 and 5 in the benzene ring of procaine yields a compound which has much higher protective and therapeutic indices compared with the parent substance procaine. Acknowledgement. We thank the Director, A.I.I.M.S. for facilities, the I.C.M.R. for financial support, Messrs. McNeil Laboratories for some of the procaine congeners, Messrs. Parke Davis and Co. for phenytoin sodium, Messrs. Knoll for Metrazol and Mr. T. N. Sugathan for the statistical analysis. Department of Pharmacology, KANTI KAPILA. All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-16, India. February 13, 1962. R. B. ARORA.


ABSTRACT Due to advances of information, communication, and technology and reductions in trade barriers, countries are increasingly deeply engaged in global value chains (GVCs). In the article, we theoretically and empirically show that a country's position in GVCs has significantly positive effects on its employment level and structure. Countries located in a higher position in GVCs induce a larger demand for high-skilled labors and a more perfect employment structure. Empirical results further reveal that the position in GVCs will help improve employment structure in both developed countries and developing countries, and the employment effects of GVCs are statistically larger for capital-intensive industries than for labor-intensive industries. Moreover, by distinguishing international and domestic division of labor, we find that the employment effects of domestic value chains are larger than foreign value chains.


The technique and method of quasi-geoid project in Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi province area by SBSM had been introduced in this paper.The demand of the GPS and the optical leveling and the observation accuracy had been discussed to qualify the precise of project.The program of GPS and leveling data-processing and the determination of regional quasi-geoid also had been given out.Finally the accuracy of quasi-geoid result and the application prospect of this project had been analyzed.


Traditionally, reduction of corrosion has been managed by various methods including cathodic protection, process control, reduction of the metal impurity content, and application of surface treatment techniques, as well as incorporation of suitable alloys. However, the use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be the easiest and cheapest method for corrosion protection and prevention in acidic media. These inhibitors slow down the corrosion rate and thus prevent monetary losses due to metallic corrosion on industrial vessels, equipment, or surfaces. Inorganic and organic inhibitors are toxic and costly and thus recent focus has been turned to develop environmentally benign methods for corrosion retardation. Many researchers have recently focused on corrosion prevention methods using green inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solutions to mimic industrial processes. This paper provides an overview of types of corrosion, corrosion process, and mainly recent work done on the application of natural plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel.


This paper presents an experimental study on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. It consisted of total 40 channels with square cross section(2×2 mm2, 165 mm long) machined directly on an aluminum plate(180×120×3 mm3), which was covered by a transparent plate. The working fluid employed was ethanol. As the results, the influence parameters of thermal performance were investigated, such as filling ratio, heat load and operational orientations etc. Filling ratio was found to be a critical parameter, and its effect was rather complicated. According to its values the PHP plate could have four distinct working zones with different operational characteristics and heat transfer performance. The effect of heat load on thermal performance was found to be positive, and in general, increasing the heat load would improve heat transfer performance. In order to analyze the effect of gravity on thermal performance, three different heat modes and total seven tilt angles were tested and compared. Successful operation at all orientations with respect to gravity was also achieved.


Joy is not typically associated with disability. Nevertheless, as the authors in this Special Issue of Journal of Disability and Religion show, looking at disability through the lens of joy and at joy through the lens of disability provides critical perspectives that help in shaping theologies of joy and disability. Both the view that disability is something to be pitied (or worse, that it devalues a person) and the view that people with certain disabilities "always laugh," are, in the words of Koos Tamminga, "big lies." There is no straightforward relationship between joy and disability, yet bringing the two together yields interesting and fertile theological and practical avenues. The articles in this issue are a selection of papers presented at the Joy and Disability Research Conference that was organized at the University of Aberdeen, March 11–12, 2018. The conference was organized at the back of a research project undertaken by myself, with the assistance of Julie Land (see our article in this volume), in which we tried to understand what joy looks like in the context of four L'Arche communities. This project was part of the overarching Joy and Human Flourishing project at the Yale Center for Faith and Culture, directed by Miroslav Volf. One of the things that struck me when visiting four L'Arche communities and interviewing both members with and without intellectual disabilities was the sheer joy they had in partaking in this project. It seemed that it was not necessarily the topic of the project—joy—that caused the joy, but rather it was being heard, sharing their stories, and sharing their insights on the topic. At the same time, the joy that was present in the communities was undeniable. (That is not to say that there is no pain and brokenness in these communities—the full gamut of life and its emotions is part of the L'Arche communities.) Therefore, I wanted to find out more about joy and disability research, by inviting other scholars, practitioners, and those with various life experiences of disabilities, to shine their light on the topic. The present volume contains four articles, based on the papers the authors presented at the conference. The fifth article is the one mentioned previously, written by Julie Land and myself. The first two articles, by Chris Asprey and Grant Macaskill, provide a framework to think about joy in biblical and theological terms. The third and fourth articles, by Julie Land and myself, and by Koos Tamminga, look at joy and disability in particular contexts. The final article, by Vittoria Hancock, is an autobiographical account of chronic illness, interwoven with voices from theology and society. Chris Asprey starts his article by saying that, "Some years ago, while I was trying to take a major decision in my life, a mentor gave me the following piece of advice: 'Follow the joy!'" Asprey sets out to evaluate such advice theologically. What results is not only an evaluation of piece of practical advice, but also a deep reflection on a theology of joy, characterized by the paradox of the Sermon on the Mount: "Blessed are the poor." In dialogue with—and contrasting—Greek philosophy and Jewish Wisdom literature, Asprey shows that joy is not a straightforward concept, let alone an easy yardstick to let our lives be guided by. "Joy cannot, then, be a reliable guide, unless we have some notion of what joy truly is and how to find it." His article helps to discern


Colonic lipoma is a rare benign tumor of the digestive tract. One of the rare complications of this condition, apart from the gastrointestinal bleeding, is the acute intestinal intussusception (AII), which accounts for less than 5% of intestinal obstruction in the adult. Colonic intussusception on lipoma is exceptional. We report a case of colo-colic intussusception on transverse colon lipoma in a 65-year-old man. The patient was asymptomatic. The diagnosis was fortuitous during a colonoscopy taking part in a positive blood test. Biopsies confirmed the absence of malignant lesions. The CT scan showed a large lipoma of the transverse colon with a colo-colic intussusception. The patient underwent a right side hemi-colectomy extended to the left. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a benign lipoma tumor. Conclusion: Secondary colonic intussusception on a lipoma is rarely encountered in the adult. The diagnosis is fortuitous in asymptomatic cases and based on endoscopy associated with abdominal computed tomography. Surgical excision is the chosen treatment.


Electronic technology can be used to overcome many of the restrictive factors or barriers to delivering services to rural schools and it can expand the world of rural gifted students who are blind or visually impaired. On-line college and high school sites offering courses are listed. Also listed is a site for tutoring and one offering help for teachers of rural gifted students who are blind or visually impaired. Recommendations are made for legislatures and for rural school districts. One population of students missing from much of the research literature on rural schools is gifted students, including gifted students who are blind or visually impaired (Spicker, Southern & Davis, 1987). They face serious challenges: they are often not identified, are not provided with sufficient resources, are not given support, are not provided with appropriate educational programs, and are less likely to receive special services. (Cross & Dixon, 1998; Hebert & Beardsley, 2001; Howley, Howley & Pendarvis, 2003; Jones & Southern, 1992; Kearney, 1991; Seal & Harmon, 1995; Spicker, 1992). The U.S. Office of Education, in its 1993 report, defined gifted children: "Children and youth with outstanding talent perform or show the potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experience, or environment. These children or youth exhibit high performance capability in intellectual, creative, and/or artistic areas, possess an unusual leadership capacity, or excel in specific academic fields" (National Excellence, 1993, pp. 54-57). One of the major characteristics of gifted students, perhaps the key characteristic, is that their rate of dealing with new information is much faster than the average. Evidence of this comes both from evaluation of gifted students' learning in classroom situations and from experimental psychology (George & Denham, 1976; Keating & Bobbitt, 1978). Because of their giftedness, intellectually gifted students will be condemned to review material in their classes that they have mastered two or three years before unless some special programming or interventions are provided for them (Gallagher & Gallagher, 1994). In addition to economic and cultural conditions, rural schools that serve gifted students who are blind or visually impaired are limited in their ability to deliver services. Each of the following factors must be considered when designing a service delivery system for rural gifted students who are blind or visually impaired: geographic barriers, seasonal problems such as heavy flooding, the continuum of population sparsity, the differing variations of English spoken in rural communities when clustering students, the labor needs of differing rural communities which involve the use of students, and the barrier of inadequate teacher preparation because teacher training institutions most often do not take into account rural education in their training programs much less consider the training of teachers for rural gifted students (Gear, 1994; Helge, 1994; Sarkees, 1990). How can states and rural school districts overcome these limiting factors? A promising solution lies in the area of electronic technology. ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Electronic technology is "any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information" (Federal Communications Commission, 2004). Schools in the United States and the world over are increasingly using technologies from satellites to personal computers. The use of electronic technology is a major tool of the information age and is particularly important in the context of rural education, where the transmission of information is relevant to many rural problems (Attkisson, 1996; Lewis, 1999). …


Unbacked films 100-4000 A thick and 6 mm × 4 mm in unbacked area have been prepared by vacuum evaporation on to pressed disks of ammonium chloride which is subsequently removed by volatilization.


Open access to law is embodied in the Latin slogan Publicatio Legis – the law should be available to the public. The historic hero of this slogan is Gnaeus Flavius. In ancient Rome, knowledge of the law and procedures was reserved for the priesthood, the application of law a religious matter. In this way the priests extended their power over society through decisions on the rights or duties of the citizens. Decisions were basically the application of a rule, but the rule was subject to interpretatio, This was reserved to the Collegium Pontificum. The Collegium would decide whether a rule of liability for a horse drawing a cart by analogue also should apply to an ox doing the same job. There was a situation in which open access was sorely needed. It is told that the lawyer Appius Caludius got hold of a copy of the rolls of the Collegium. His secretary, Gnaeus Flavius, wrote down different legis actiones and drafted ways in which way they could be presented. The stolen material was then made available to the public (304 BC), a dramatic application of the principle of Publicatio Legis. The book he published was named Jus Flavianum in his honour.


The utility model belongs to the field of petrochemical engineering equipment, and relates to an appliance for spraying-out of material, in particular to a spraying head of an atomizing nozzle. The spraying head comprises a ball head and a flange, wherein the lower end of the ball head is welded into an inner hole of the flange; the ball head comprises a straight-tube-shaped part and a hemispherical part connected to the upper end of the straight-tube-shaped part; a pressure meter nozzle is welded at the connecting part of the straight-tube-shaped part and the hemispherical part; the spraying head is characterized in that a tongue plate is arranged in an inner cavity of the ball head; the upper end of the tongue plate is placed in an arc spraying mouth formed in the top end of the hemispherical part; the end surface of the outer side of the lower part of the tongue plate is tightly clung to the side wall of the inner cavity of the ball head. By adopting the atomizing nozzle, the sprayed material is distributed more uniformly, and meanwhile, the pressure difference formed by the fed material and the sprayed material is reduced.


Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) treatment elicited an increased 32P incorporation into phospholipids namely phosphatadyl‐inositol (PI); phosphatidyl‐inositol‐4‐phosphate (PIP); phosphatidyl‐inositol‐4,5‐bis‐phosphate (PIP2); phosphatidyl‐acid (PA); phosphatidyl‐choline (PC) and phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine (PE) particularly at the 20–30th min after treatment. The ratio of members of the phosphoinositol system, especially PIP and PI, related to the total phospholipid content was increased. PMA (2 × 10−7 M) was the most effective of the three concentrations tested. The results call attention to the presence of a working phosphoinositol system in Protozoa.


While details of the currently most highly publicized devices for conversion of ocean wave energy to electrical energy are generally not disclosed in the open literature, the authors believe that, for devices not on the coastline, the common transduction mechanism involves electromagnetic induction with conducting wires moving relative to permanent magnets. A general discussion is given of how such a mechanism can be used in this application. The overall analysis of the mechanical system with lumped or distributed masses and elastic elements driven by buoyancy forces associated with incident ocean waves is facilitated, if the transduction system is modeled as linear mechanical dashpots, and the procedures for deriving effective dashpot constants are described. The mechanical analysis suggests that, for waves in a general frequency range, there is an optimal choice for the parameters of the mechanical system, so that the maximum electrical power can be harvested. The optimal energy extracted per wave cycle is invariably much less than the total mechanical energy of the oscillating components of the system. A distinction is made between freely floating systems and systems anchored to the ocean bottom and between systems which are driven near a resonant frequency and those driven substantially below resonance.


High temperatures inside the plasma of a carbon arc generate strong buoyancy driven convection which has an effect on the growth and morphology of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). To study the effect of buoyancy on the arc process, a miniature carbon arc apparatus was designed and developed to synthesize SWNTs in a microgravity environment substantially free from buoyant convective flows. An arc reactor was operated in the 2.2 and 5.18s drop towers at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The apparatus employed a 4mm diameter anode and was powered by a portable battery pack capable of providing in excess of 300A at 30V to the arc for the duration of a 5s drop. However, the principal result is that no dramatic difference in sample yield or composition was noted between normal gravity and 2.2 and 5s long microgravity runs. Much longer duration microgravity time is required for SWNT's growth such as the zero-G aircraft, but more likely will need to be performed on the international space station or an o...


A system of linear polymer liquid crystal (PLC) macromolecules is considered in which each macromolecule constitutes an alternating copolymer of flexible and LC sequences. The distribution function of the system is factorized so that the Gibbs distribution is used for anisotropically interacting LC sequences while Dirac delta functions represent flexible polymer sequences modeled by linear chains of freely jointed statistical segments. A general formula for the Helmholtz function is derived for arbitrary types of anisotropic interactions between LC sequences; the formula of Maier and Saupe for monomer LCs is obtainable from it as a special case. The phase diagram of the system is obtained in the limit of the mean‐field approach. Types and orders of phase transitions that the system can undergo are defined and discussed in terms of the Landau classification; all transitions are of the first order. Formation of cholesteric phases in addition to isotropic and nematic or smectic is predicted without involving...


Received: 20 December 2019 Accepted: 3 April 2020 The crack identification and classification are essential to the discovery and maintenance of early defects in concrete members. This paper designs a novel method that supports accurate identification and classification of surface cracks on concrete members. Specifically, each sample image was preprocessed through cropping and neighborhood operation, subject to gray adaptive thresholding, and further processed based on morphological gradient and local gray value dissimilarity. Next, the Gauss-Laplace algorithm was employed to extract the contours of the surface cracks, and each image was matched with the normalized crack templates one by one. Finally, a densely connected neural network of transfer learning was introduced to rapidly classify the surface cracks on concrete members. The effectiveness and accuracy of our method were fully demonstrated through experiments. The research findings provide a reference for surface crack identification and classification in other fields.


This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran J. A. McIngor (1833- ), dated from 1904.


For more than twenty-five years after the EEC Treaty was signed, progress in financial integration was discontinuous, uneven, and on the whole modest. This can be attributed to a combination of economic difficulties and policy priorities, but also on reflects on the lack of a coherent, comprehensive approach. The European Commission has now developed a comprehensive project, and has managed to stir the still waters of European cooperation. The author argues, however, that its approach is largely, and indeed intentionally, based on the notion of creating "dynamic disequilibria" that will force action by markets and official authorities. JEL: F36


It is important to understand how technology use affects real world interactions because technology is encroaching into every aspect of day-to-day life. There is a lack of understanding about how mobile technology influences face-to-face interactions, and this thesis explores this phenomenon through the qualitative analysis of data collected from focus group studies conducted with college students at a southeastern university. Contributing to media multiplexity and media niche theory, this study found that using mobile technology benefits F2F interactions by enhancing conversations and serving as a bonding tool between people interacting. We found that mobile technology use is disadvantageous for F2F interactions because it can be distracting, disrespectful, and lead to avoidance. Finally, we found that the factors that determine whether the use of mobile technology during a F2F interaction is appropriate are the context of the interaction and the type of relationship between the people who are interacting. These findings contribute to the previous literature that states the effects of technology should be viewed holistically, rather than taking a technologically deterministic position, whether it be a utopian or dystopian view of technology.


This paper carefully examines, evaluates and compare Radial Basis Neural Networks (RBNNs), Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNNs) and Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) to devise an efficient, an expeditious and an accurate IV modelling scheme for Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). The modelling schemes are employed on pulsed IV measurements of GaN HEMT device. Firstly, two variants of RBNNs namely, Exact Design (ED) and More Efficient Design (MED) networks are erected to simulate the temperature and bias dependence on the drain current. Thereafter, GRNNs and FFNN based models are developed. The hyperparameters associated with all the investigated models are tuned to improve the generalization capabilities of the models. Post tuning, the models are exploited to compute the mean squared error, mean absolute error and coefficient of determination to assess the models' performance. Lastly, the models are compared on the grounds of training and simulation time, parameters tuning time, generalization capability, computational efficiency and models' simplicity.


EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE EVALUATION OF EARLY FIELDWORK EXPERIENCES IN AN UNDERGRADUATE TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAM By Amber Rhodes Peacock A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Joan A. Rhodes, Ph. D. Associate Professor, Department of Teaching and Learning School of Education This study is a qualitative meta-evaluation of the early field experience (EFE) program at a small, private, undergraduate teacher preparation program in Virginia focusing on the perceptions of preservice teachers, cooperating teachers and course instructors about the EFE evaluation objectives, evaluation experience, and resulting data usage. The EFE evaluation protocol at the study site is explored using a participatory-oriented evaluation model that solicited the perceptions of stakeholders. Analysis of EFE evaluation documents and semistructured interviews with the stakeholders were conducted to explore the extent to which (1) official EFE objectives are congruent with the EFE evaluation, (2) the intended evaluation experience is congruent with stakeholders' perceptions of the evaluation experience, and (3) intended data usage is congruent with reported data usage. The findings indicate that the EFE evaluation process is logistically sound, but does not assess and facilitate preservice teacher learning. Recommendations to improve the merit and worth of the evaluation process are presented.


Objective To evaluate the interrater reliability and parallel forms reliability of transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography (TCDU) and impedance cardiography (ICG) in clinically and hemodynamically stable emergency department patients. Methods We enrolled 30 emergency department patients over a 2-day period. Patients had three consecutive simultaneously blinded measurements of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) recorded by TCDU (USCOM) and ICG (Cardiodynamics). Two physicians, with basic familiarity but no clinical experience with either device recorded three measurements of SV and HR on each device. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), mixed linear models for repeated measures, and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess interrater reliability and nature of relationships between measures from the devices (parallel forms reliability). Results The ICC for TCDU was 0.96 for HR and 0.95 for SV, whereas the ICC for ICG was 0.93 for HR and 0.98 for SV. The device HR estimates were significantly related (P<0.0001 for all slopes) for all phases, but SV failed to reach significance following the first 50 trials [t(94.2)=2.72, P=0.0077]. Although HR estimates were within reasonable clinical tolerances (bias 0.5%, limits of agreement −15.4 to 16.4%) SV disagreement was concerning (bias 3.8%, limits of agreement −58 to 66%). Conclusion Both TCDU and ICG have fair interrater reliability of SV independent of operator experience. A statistically significant relationship exists between the two devices but this does not produce predictable values in SV. Over time comparative results become less biased but remain limited by a great degree of variability.


In Italy, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been firstly reported in 2001. Here, we present the results of a study planned to obtain an overview of its distribution in two areas of Turin province (Northwest Italy). Samples from the Pianalto of Poirino were collected in 2008, and tissue samples from the area surrounding Ivrea were collected in 2003. The occurrence of B. dendrobatidis zoospores, tested using a highly sensitive PCR reaction, has been confirmed in four wild populations from one of the two tested areas. To prevent the dispersion of pathogen zoospores in the whole area, precautionary measures are strongly encouraged.


Social networks have entered our lives very quickly and have become an integral part of it. That is why in the sphere of state and municipal administration, the need to enter the information and telecommunications network of the Internet and social networks is not excluded for more convenient interaction of state authorities, local self-government bodies with citizens, as well as in determining the main directions in the development of policy. The main problems of interaction of local self-government bodies with the population through social networks are considered in the article. With the help of a sociological survey and analysis of social networks of Perm city administration, a special methodology was established for the development of a communication channel between local governments and the population of Perm.


The present paper makes a humble academic effort to study the influence of job involvement and sense of participation on employees' job satisfaction. The unit of study for the present analysis is a select private sector bank. The objective for this study is to explore the possible influence of the aforesaid parameters on job satisfaction. Three hypotheses have been framed and with the help of f-test verified. The statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation have been applied and t-test used to assess the mean difference. On the basis of statistical data thus generated certain inferences have been drawn. The study finally arrives at several conclusions and offers suggestions for policy implications of the bank. The present paper is duly supported by updated references to the context.


Through some simple procedures running on JSP and ASP, their running rate is analyzes and compared the system performance of these two platforms, according to the results.


Objectives-To evaluate thesafety ofa lowdoseofheparininconsecutive stable patients undergoingelective percutaneoustransluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).prospective studyinasinglecentre. Patients-1375 consecutive patients had elective PTCA (1952lesions: typeA 11%, B134%,B236%,andC 19%).Therewere noangiographic exclusion criteria. Interventions-A bolusof5000IUheparin wasusedasthestandard anticoagulation regimenduringPTCA.Thesheaths were removedimmediately aftersuccessful completion oftheprocedure. Prolongationofheparin treatment wasleft tothe operator's discretion. Main outcome measures-Procedural successwas defined as <50% residual stenosis withoutdeathfromanycause, acutemyocardial infarction, urgentcoronarybypasssurgery, or repeatangioplasty within 48hoursforacuterecurrent ischaemia; the need for prolonged heparinisation; and theoccurrenceof puncture site complications. Results-Procedural successwithout clinical eventswas achieved in90% of patients. Mortality was 0-3%;coronary bypass surgery wasperformed in1.7%of theprocedures. Therateofmyocardial infarction was 3-3%;repeatangioplasty within 48hourswascarried outin0-7%of patients. A total of89-1%ofthepatients weretreated according totheprotocol. Prolonged treatmentwithheparinwas considered necessaryin 123 patients (8.9%). Repeatangioplasty forabrupt closure was performedin two patients shortly aftersheathremovaland in two duringprolonged heparinisation. Puncture sitecomplications occurred in 2*1%ofpatients (lowdoseheparin 1-9% andprolonged heparinisation 4.9%). Conclusion-Elective PTCA canbesafely performed usinga lowdoseofheparin, withanegligible riskforsubacute closure. Low doseheparinmay reducetheincidenceof puncturesitecomplications, shortenhospitalisation, andenableoutpatient angioplasty. (Heart 1997;77:517-522)


Health and social care pre-qualifying education has a long established association with small group learning and teaching. The transition from traditional learning and teaching approaches to the use of a Virtual Learning Environment within Higher Education Institutes is not without its complexities. This paper presents evidence from a previous pilot study exploring the use of an online learning activity and discusses how the findings have influenced the development of online scenario-based learning activities. A review of current health-care literature informs the developmental processes, which include using a pedagogic framework for implementing a specifically designed online learning activity developed to allow child health student nurses to follow an online evidence-based enquiry learning process. This paper, written as the online activity process is being introduced to child health branch student nurses, discusses the benefits and challenges of developing the activity and debates the facilitation of a...


UPJA Tani Makmur Gapoktan Surangganti in Rogojampi Sub-district of Banyuwangi classified as the developing UPJA. One of the superiority that they have is a newly developed agricultural machine in Indonesia, it is a grain seeder that comes from government assistance in 2018. This study aims to analyze the business feasibility of Alsintan Service Unit (UPJA) in terms of technical aspects, management aspects, and financial aspects. Financial feasibility analysis included the analysis of Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B / C), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Technical aspects study shows that the agricultural equipment and machinery owned by UPJA Tani Makmur consist of: Combine harvester, hand tractor, grain seeder, and transplanter that comes from the government assistance (APBN) as well as three-wheeled and four-wheeled transportation equipment that come from UPJA self-funding. Based on the financial feasibility analysis result included Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B / C), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) indicators, UPJA Tani Makmur Gapoktan Surangganti is feasible to be implemented.


Background: One of the major problems in endodontics is micro-leakage of root canal fillings which might contribute to the failure of endodontic treatment. To avoid this problem, a variety of sealers have been tested. The objective of this, in vitro, study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of four resin based sealers (AH plus, silver free AH26, RealSeal SE and Perma Evolution permanent root canal filling material) to dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty non-carious extracted lower premolars were used. The 2mm of the occlusal surfaces of teeth were sectioned, to expose the dentin surface. The exposed dentin surfaces of teeth were washed with 5ml of 2.5% NaOCl solution followed by 5ml of 17 % EDTA then rinsed by deionized water to remove the smear layer. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the type of sealer used: Group A: silver free AH26, Group B: AH plus., Group C: RealSeal SE, Group D: Perma Evolution. Polyethylene tube cylinders (4mm internal diameter & 5mm length) were fixed on the dentin surfaces. Then freshly mixed sealers were poured into the tubes and allowed to bench set for two hours and were stored at 100% humidity and 37 C for one week. With an Instron machine, the shear bond strength between the tested sealers and the dentin, in Mpa, was measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using the one-way ANOVA and Student's t-tests. Results: Perma Evolution scored the highest mean value of sheer bond strength, being 3.343 Mpa followed by the AH plus (2.786 Mpa) and AH26 (2.149 Mpa). While the RealSeal scored the lowest mean value of sheer bond strength, which was (1.831 Mpa). ANOVA test results showed a highly statistically significant difference. Student's t test results revealed significant differences between all the compared groups, except one paired group had a non-significant difference in the shear bond strength which was between the AH plus and Perma Evolution groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study pointed to Perma Evolution which scored the highest sheer bond strength between the tested sealers.


Abstract On the infinite torus X = , using a category argument, we produce a large family of homeomorphisms such that for every element S in this family the flow (S, X) is weakly mixing and strictly ergodic. Moreover, writing Xn = {n, n + 1…} and letting Πn, m, for n<m, be the projection of Xn on Xm, S induces for every n, a homeomorphism of Xn and the extensions are isometric. We also show that, for every S in this family, (S, X) is disjoint from every purely weakly mixing flow.


K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanoparticles and quadrate nanoflakes were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal process. The as-synthesized powders were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggest that the precursor plays an important role on the formation of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals and the formation mechanism was also discussed.


carefully crafted study of Alabama coal miners reminds us that organized labor had many options open to it even when it operated in the most forbidding of environments. His book adds significantly to a growing body of literature treating the enormously complex interplay of class and race in the making of the modem labor movement. The post-Civil War emergence of Birmingham's industrial district provides an excellent setting for this study. Although many aspects of the coal miner's life are familiar, the coal camps were marked by racial separation. Moreover, the widespread use of the convict lease system gave coal operators a clear link to the old plantation owners. But the miners' griev-


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device includes a substrate, a planar waveguide located on the substrate, and two optical isolations. The first optical isolation is designed to insert coherent light into the waveguide. The outer surface of the planar waveguide contains binding centres on itself, capable of connecting the specified samples with the binding centres so that field light of damped oscillations is refracted by the specified samples connected with the binding centres. The binding centres are arranged along a plurality of lines placed parallel to one another, with the distance between adjacent straight lines being constant. The lines are placed at an angle relative to the field distribution of damped oscillations so that the coherent light refracted by the specified samples connected with the binding centres falls on the second optical isolation. The second optical isolation outputs the refracted coherent light from the planar waveguide in such a way that it interferes at a predetermined detection location. EFFECT: increased sensitivity of the device. 15 cl, 13 dwg


Background: Adductor strains are among the most common injuries in ice hockey. Hip adductor weakness has been identified as a strong risk factor. Hypothesis: An intervention program including muscle strengthening can reduce the incidence of adductor strains in professional ice hockey players. Study Design: Prospective risk factor prevention study. Methods: Thirty-three of 58 players from the same National Hockey League team were identified as "at risk" on the basis of preseason hip adductor strength and participated in an intervention program. The program consisted of 6 weeks of exercises aimed at functional strengthening of the adductor muscles. Injury and individual exposure data were recorded for all players. Results: There were 3 adductor strains in the 2 seasons subsequent to the intervention, compared with 11 in the previous 2 seasons (0.71 versus 3.2 per 1000 player-game exposures). All adductor strains were first-degree strains and occurred during games. Conclusions: A therapeutic intervention of strengthening the adductor muscle group appears to be an effective method for preventing adductor strains in professional ice hockey players.


A mathematical model is presented to describe the electrochemical performance of a LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2−LiMn2O4 (NMC-LMO) blended cathode obtained from a commercial lithium-ion battery. The model accounts for the multiple particle sizes of the active materials in terms of three distributions: one for LMO particles, one for NMC primary and one for NMC secondary particles which likely are agglomerates of primary particles. The good match between the simulated and experimental galvanostatic discharge and differential-capacity curves supports the assumption that the secondary particles are nonporous under conditions where currents of 2C and below are applied. A thermodynamically consistent equation for diffusive flux is used to describe transport across the active particles. The corresponding thermodynamic factors are estimated from the equilibrium potentials of the active materials present in the electrode, while the particle size distribution and effective electronic conductivities of each component have been directly measured. Since the model is able to accurately describe the utilization of the various particle sizes and determine the contribution of each component at different discharge rates, it can serve as a useful tool for customizing the designs and predicting the discharge profiles of electrode blends made up of different active materials having a range of particle sizes. © 2015 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0321603jes] All rights reserved.


Plants have several ways of defending themselves against insect attack. The release of distinctive volatile chemicals betrays the location of herbivores to their predators, but volatile production can be slow and the pests may escape. Compounds known as green leaf volatiles are released immediately after damage, and Allmann and Baldwin (p. [1075][1]) have found that, when attacked by tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta ) caterpillars, Nicotiana attenuata plants emit a compound that, when combined with an oral secretion from the caterpillar, is transformed into an attractant for the generalist hemipteran predator Geocoris pallidens , which preys on the hornworm eggs and young larvae. Thus, insect feeding activity can begin the process of plant defense before other protective volatiles are synthesized and emitted.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1191634


This paper focuses on the derivation of taxation mechanisms for improving system-level behavior in congestion games with unknown price-sensitive users. Here, a taxation mechanism represents a general rule for assigning local taxation functions to edges in a given network, e.g., Pigovian taxes or marginal-cost taxes. Recent results have identified taxation mechanisms that lead to optimal system-level behavior for the considered class of games; however, these mechanisms require that a system-designer has a complete characterization of network structure and the users' sensitivities. Furthermore, the robustness of these mechanisms to mis-characterization in this information is unknown. With these issues in mind, this paper focuses on the derivation of robust taxation mechanisms – that is, taxation mechanisms that provide strong efficiency guarantees irrespective of the underlying network or user characteristics. With this goal in mind, we define a scaled marginal-cost taxation mechanism in which the edge taxation functions are derived without explicit knowledge of the network structure or the users' sensitivities. We then derive the optimal scaled marginal-cost taxation mechanism that limits worst-case inefficiencies over these uncertainties for the class of parallel-network congestion games with affine latency functions. In other words, we derive the scaled marginal-cost taxation mechanism that optimizes the price of anarchy. Note that viewing the price of anarchy as a design objective represents a significant departure from most of the price of anarchy results in the existing literature.


A study is conducted on the characteristics of bioreactor landfill system. The results showed that this system helps the organic pollutants in leachate to be divided into two\|phases for degradation. It also compares the comparimg on the effect leachate treatment and solid waste landfill stabilization, this system is superior to the teachte\|recircutation\|landfill system on the whole. That the parameters and the kinetics of the processes of biogas production and substrate degradation in the bioreactor are also suggested.


Objective To explore the cause and management o f paracolostomal hernia.Methods Clinical data of 34above patients fr om 1980to 1999were analyzed retrosp ectively.Results In our hospitol,among 220cases undergone colostomy ,16patients(7.3%)suffered from paracolostomal hernia,including 5cases of intestinal obstruction,18cases of paracolostomol hernia we re from other hospitals.The typical clinic al manifestations were paracolosto mal mass or prolapse.All of them were healing by operation.No recurrence was observed.Conclusions Paracolostomal hernia is a complication of colostomy relating to the improper surgical procedures.In order to pr event incarcerated hernia,the resection followed by repairing shoule be performed in time.


: In recent years, the Australian government has changed course with regard to the gradual replacement of the country's energy supply by traditional energy resources to alternative renewable energy sources to preserve the environment. The research relevance is predefined by the need to introduce

https://epj.min-pan.krakow.pl/pdf-163451-91526?filename=The current state and.pdf


In the recent years we can evidence the increase in the range of polymer composites used as protective and decorative coatings of building structures. The high resistance to the effects of different aggressive factors results in great potential of polymer materials application, that's why interest in them continuously increases in many industrial fields. At the present moment multicomponent composite materials based of epoxy binders are widely used. We present the research results of micromarble granulometric composition and the degree of filling influence on the change of physical and mechanical characteristics of polymer composites based on epoxy resins. In the article graphic dependences of the changes of density, ultimate compressive and tensile strength and maximum deflection depending on fractional composition and the mass fraction of the micromarble are shown. We have identified the compositions of filled epoxy composites with the most optimal set of properties. As a result of the conducted investigations we made a conclusion that micromarble is a promising filler for epoxy composites, application of which allows essentially reducing the consumption of polymer binder and obtaining composites which have equal physical and mechanical characteristics to the test unfilled composition.


The general purpose of this paper is the modeling of particle-turbulence interaction and particle-particle collisions taking place in dilute gas-solid flows. Direct numerical simulation of a homogeneous isotropic turbulence coupled with discrete particle simulation have been carried out with a model taking into account the effect of the film drainage between colliding particles. The results show that, depending on the particle Stokes number, the particle kinetic energy is strongly modified by the fluid drainage effect. In the frame of the joint fluid-particle approach, taking into account the correlations induced by the turbulence on the colliding velocities, a model has been derived and compared with the DNS results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The design and running mode are analyzed with the case of ice-storage air conditioning system for Changbei International Airport.The system is expounded on both technology and cost,according to Nanchang power pricing.The conclusion shows that the investment of the ice-storage air-conditioning system is higher,but the running cost is lower,and its period of amortization is shorter.


Bone turnover markers are helpful to diagnose bone metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of these markers in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases before and during the treatment with zoledronic acid as predictive and monitoring tools of skeletal‐related events (SRE).


We would like to express a concern with a recent systematic review which aimed to characterise the placebo effect in trials for spine procedures. 1 The authors extracted baseline and follow-up outcome measures within the sham arms of trials and conducted meta-analysis on these data. This method is not appropriate for the aims of the review because it does not measure the placebo effect. The placebo effect can only be measured by comparing outcomes in the placebo arm to outcomes in the "no treatment" arm. 2 In this review, the within-group change of the sham arms was incorrectly labelled "the placebo effect". The authors acknowledge that their measure of the placebo effect was confounded by other factors such as statistical factors, biological properties of the disease progression and psychological aspects of receiving attention by clinical staff. Given they under-stood this issue, it is puzzling why they persisted with this flawed measure of the placebo effect.


The Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) operates the ground stations for research vehicles operating at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC). Recently, the WATR implemented a new system for distributing Time, Space, and Position Information (TSPI) data. The previous system for processing this data was built on archaic hardware that is no longer supported, running legacy software with no upgrade path. The purpose of the Radar Information Processing System (RIPS) is to provide the ability to acquire TSPI data from a variety of sources and process the data for subsequent distribution to other destinations located at the various DFRC facilities. RIPS is built of commercial, off the shelf (COTS) hardware installed in Personal Computers (PC). Data is transported between these computers on a Gigabit Ethernet network. The software was developed using C++ with a modular, object-oriented design approach.


Objective: To analyze the effect of psychological intervention on reducing performance anxiety and the consequences of the intervention on first-year pharmacy students. Methods: In this experimental study, 236 first-year undergraduate pharmacy students from a private university in Malaysia were approached between weeks 5 and 7 of their first semester to participate in the study. The completed responses for the Westside Test Anxiety Scale (WTAS), the Kessler Perceived Distress Scale (PDS), and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) were received from 225 students. Out of 225 students, 42 exhibited moderate to high test anxiety according to the WTAS (score ranging from 30 to 39) and were randomly placed into either an experiment group (n=21) or a waiting list control group (n=21). Results: The prevalence of test anxiety among pharmacy students in this study was lower compared to other university students in previous studies. The present study's anxiety management of psychoeducation and systematic education for test anxiety reduced lack of motivation and psychological distress and improved grade point average (GPA). Conclusion: Psychological intervention helped significantly reduce scores of test anxiety, psychological distress, and lack of motivation, and it helped improve students' GPA.


The Free Zone Scheme encourages Thailand-based operations by removing certain disincentives associated with manufacturing in Thailand. The duty on a product manufactured abroad and imported into Thailand is assessed on the finished product rather than on its individual parts, materials, or components. The Thailand-based manufacturer finds itself at a disadvantage compared with its foreign competitor when it must pay a higher rate on parts, materials, or components imported for use in a manufacturing process. The Free Zone Scheme corrects this imbalance by treating products made in the Zone, for the purpose of tariff assessment, as if it were manufactured abroad. At the same time, this country benefits because a zone manufacturer uses Thai labor, services, and inputs.


The synthesis, characterization and incorporation of pheyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM)-like derivatives as electron transporting materials (ETMs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported. These compounds have the same structure except for the ester substituent, which was varied from methyl to phenyl to thiophene and to pyridyl. The latter three derivatives performed better than PC61BM in PSCs, mainly attributed to the specific interactions of the fullerenes with the perovskite layer, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (SSPL and TRPL) measurements. The experimental results were fully supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which showed that the strongest interactions were exhibited by the compound possessing the pyridyl substituent.


Through the analysis of Harlik area's lithology,rock geochemistry and geochronology isotope,to determine three intrusive magmatic events,includes Ordovician-Silurian(425~460 Ma),Devonian(360~415 Ma),Carboniferous and Permian(270~335 Ma).The use of standard classification system for TTG rock mineral identification,The results show that in the Devonian exist tonalite-trondhjemite-granite combination(T1T2G2) and in the Devonian Carboniferous exist diorite-granite combinations(G1G2),the rock assemblage polarity of subduction zone in the south side of the study area.The results show that granitic magma formed in the environment of ocean-continent subduction zone,it's source rock mainly from oceanic crust and contaminated by continental crust.


The invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol diazo polymer which has the structure shown in the formula (1). The polyvinyl alcohol diazo polymer is obtained by grafting and modifying polyvinyl alcohol. After the polyvinyl alcohol diazo polymer is irradiated by ultraviolet light, the polyvinyl alcohol diazo polymer and silicon hydroxyl on the inner wall of a capillary tube are subjected to a photocuring cross-linking reaction to form a coating. The coating can be prepared in a water phase in a self-assembly mode, and the preparation process is simple and fast. Chemical bonding of the coating is achieved through the photocuring cross-linking reaction of the light-sensitive polyvinyl alcohol diazo polymer, the quality problems of capillary tube blocking and the like are not likely to occur, the separation speed is high, and protein is separated more thoroughly. The formula can be seen in the description.


This study investigates the time-series dynamics governing the credit default swap indices (CDX), and volatility spillover between the stock and CDX markets. We use daily returns data on an equally weighted NYSE-AMEX-NASDAQ daily stock index, the CDX investment-grade index (CDXIG) and the CDX high-yield index (CDXHG) over the period between January 2006 and December 2009. Our empirical evidence suggests the presence of two components – (i) diffusive stochastic volatility; and (ii) jumps in returns and volatility – in both the stock and CDX markets. Furthermore, our results show that the contemporaneous correlation between the stochastic volatilities of the stock and CDXIG markets decreased during the recent global credit crisis, suggesting greater diversification benefits between the stock and investment-grade CDX markets in periods of financial downturn. We also find evidence of bi-directional Granger-causality between the stochastic volatilities of the stock and CDX markets during the global credit crisis.


The University of Mississippi offers many resources for studying the history of the accounting profession around the world. The accountancy library holdings are the largest of any library in the world, including virtually everything published in English during the past century, and many earlier items. In addition to tens of thousands of books and over 1,000 accounting and finance journal titles, there are tens of thousands of pamphlets, speeches, committee reports, photos, and courtroom documents that exist at no other library in the world. There are also hundreds of archival collections of old business records that serve as primary resources for all kinds of accounting research. The J.D. Williams Library at the University of Mississippi is truly the international center of accounting research, and many of its resources are available on the Internet to anyone within reach of a computer. The purpose of the article is to describe the various accounting library collections with particular emphasis on the research resources available internationally through the Internet.


In this work we investigate the internal syntax and semantics of quantifier phrases (QP) involving cardinal numerals. Concentrating on a set of previously documented puzzles concerning Case and number agreement within the numeral phrase in Russian, we argue that these agreement patterns follow naturally if one recognizes three structural layers in a numeral-based QP: the countability layer, the number layer and the quantificational layer. Our central theoretical claim is that the countability layer is implemented as a (pseudo-)classifier structure whose morphological manifestation obeys a principle of syntactic 'visibility'. Our specific claim for Russian is that, diachronically, this countability layer has emerged as a result of the loss of the dual number in the course of transition between Old and Modern Russian. We strengthen our conclusions with psycholinguistic evidence from a sentence completion study that tests Russian speakers' sensitivity to the countability layer.


Death generates rituals that organize the social world and bring to the fore the relational ties individuals have with one another. The media not only constitute the space where some of these death rituals take place but also are pivotal institutions that provide moral orientation. This article is interested in death-related media rituals and the extent to which these propose a way for individuals to situate themselves within a broader, social and political structure. Inspired by Judith Butler's discussion of grievability, the article introduces the analytics of mediatized grievability, which offers a way of studying and analyzing news about death. This analytical framework unpacks the notion of grievability and accounts both for the properties of mediatized death rituals and for the moral principles embedded in these. The framework offers a systematic method of analyzing news about death and identifying the ethical solicitation such news addresses to its spectators with regard to how they should feel and act in situations of distant death.


The many differences existing in the regulations for domestic and foreign enterprises are not in accord with the WTO rules, and the situation is not conducive to the overall development of the country's economy either. The article makes some researches of the current regulations for foreign invested enterprises from the perspective of capital system, and it also offers some suggestions for the reform of it.


The objectives of this study are to research the frequency of depression symptom in patients with voice disorders and to investigate parameters associated with depression from voice evaluation. A hundred ninety six patients(106 males and 90 females) who had been diagnosed with voice disorders first in their lifetime were selected. All the patients were examined by laryngeal stroboscopy. For depression and voice study, personal interview, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis, voice handicap index(VHI), reflux symptom index(RSI), and beck depression index(BDI) were done respectively. Mild to severe BDI were seen in 26.2%(52 patients) of the whole patients. A BDI mean score of female patients was 8.8±7.5 which was higher than that of male patients(5.6±6.6), the difference observed being statistically significant(p<0.001). In the acoustic analysis, the score of sent_duration parameter was increasing in the patients with depression, which was significantly higher than the score of the patients without depression(p<0.05). In the addition, the scores of VHI and RSI were higher in the patients with depression(p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression in patients with voice disorders is related to female, speaking velocity, and self-questionnaire. This result can be used for psychologically based approach to therapy.


This article looks at the role of competing nationalist visions in shaping the course and content of constitution-making processes. Using Turkey as its case study and focusing on a recent attempt at constitution writing (2011–2013), the examination demonstrates that engagements with and the framing of competing narratives of nationhood during constitutional negotiations go to the heart of societal reconstruction. Hence, such engagements should not be treated as an afterthought to institution building. The Turkish case also demonstrates how in deeply divided societies constitutional debates can acquire an ontological significance for the parties that in turn can work to deepen the existing ideological cleavages.


This paper aims to establish the point that even the field of Islamic economics and Islamic Banking and Finance IBF, are vulnerably deficient and cannot produce valid solutions for post-colonial Muslim economies. This is due to the prevalent homoeconomicus tone in Islamic Banking & Finance IBF in the academic arena as a direct result of the cognition reality of Muslim individuals involved in IBF academic research that contributed towards its adherence to neoclassical economics. This will be approached by displaying the contrast between homoislamicus and homoeconomicus vision of the world, to understand the intrinsic malfunction of IBF and inclination towards homoeconomicus that will persistently occur unless religious homoislamicus policy is adopted while leaving lesser margin for homoeconomicus social policies. This study will pursue discourse analysis methodology with subjective positivist analysis of the Homo's dichotomy, to apprehend the difference between them. This difference has not been realised and the homoislamicus promise of Islamic economics has not come out as a methodological difference. Then discussion will cover the behavioural norms (psychological and sociological) of researchers in the field and their contributions toward creating epistemological bubbles that cannot serve as a valid foundation for knowledge due to its fragility. This paper suggests that the field of Islamic economics is mainly found on neoclassical homoeconomicus grounds and has no potential in creating ethical Islamic financial system besides its claim of elimination of Ribā (Interest). This paper recommends that Islamic economics should reunite with Islamic fiqh rather than looking at it as an independent field.


The morphological features of the inner surface of albino rats' heart chambers were determined using scanning electron microscopy under conditions of physiological norm. The walls of the left and right ventricles and atria were used as samples for the study. The samples were prepared following the standard procedure. After that, the samples were studied and photographed by FEI XL-30 SEM microscope. The study was provided with Dr. Jeff  Wrana laboratory, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital  and Advanced Bioimeging Center, Toronto. The inner surface of the heart chambers of rats was found to differ by its morphological characteristics depending on their origin – atria or ventricles. Examination of the atrium's inner surface determined that on the surface of the endothelial cells there are numerous filamentary formations, so-called microvilli. In addition, the atrium's inner surface has a well-expressed relief because of numerous lamellas directed into the chamber. The inner surface of the right and left ventricles is made up by numerous muscular trabeculae and tendinous chords. Their surfaces are corrugated because a lot of folds, pectiniform evaginations, spherical structures and depressions. These experimental data can be used as a morphological base for the experimental research with a purpose to develop new methods of prevention and treatment of heart diseases.


We examine the impact of deregulation and liberalization (D&L) on the efficiency of the Taiwanese life insurance industry from 1981 to 2004. We utilize the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiency performances and the Malmquist index approach to measure changes in efficiency and productivity over time. Both the DEA and Malmquist results show that the old domestic firms have been slightly impacted by the new competitors around 1992–1994 (the end of foreign and new local entry period and the beginning of post‐D&L period). More important, our results show that the D&L does not have major adverse impact on the technical, cost, and revenue efficiency performances of existing domestic firms in the long run. The dominance of existing domestic firms has declined but persists throughout the sample period. In addition, our results show that it is relatively easy for new firms to become technically efficient in just few years after entering the market, but it is more difficult for them to become efficient in cost and revenue efficiency. We, thus, suggest that a new market entrant should take advantage of the existing mechanisms by acquiring an old (existing) firm, rather than establish a new one, if a new entrant wants to become efficient in cost and revenue efficiency in a short time.


In order to explore the influence of various fixation method on vibration fatigue reliability of high density PCB assembly, a three-dimensional simulation model which was almost completely in keeping with test samples was created, and the modal parameters were obtained through modal test and finite element method respectively. Based on the verification of FEM Model correctness, through designed different fixation methods, random vibration finite element simulation was being done, and vibration parameters were picked up and analyzed. The result showed that more PCB fixations could increase the first frequency, decrease the deformation of PCB. Under the same conditions, the order of the first frequency of the PCB Assembly with different fixation methods is: one end fixation <two screws fixation< two ends fixation<four screws fixation<six screws fixation. Consequently, more PCB fixations will decrease stress of key positions of PCB assembly, and BGA (ball grid array) devices should be placed near the region which has more fixation positions. Maximum stress of solder joint is located in the outermost corner of central PBGA module, and the accurate interface of maximum stress is located on the BGA side. And stress increases with the distance between solder and the center of BGA. So, the dimensional structure of PBGA assembly, fixation method of PCB and chip position should be considered comprehensively when vibration reliability of PBGA assembly was analysized. Finally, it can make some references for guiding BGA placement, selecting the appropriate size of BGA and the best fixation method for predicting and optimizing random vibration fatigue life of solder joints.


OBJECTIVE
Rheumatic disorders have been reported in patients with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis. We identified and evaluated 9 patients undergoing hemodialysis with inflammatory joint effusions not explained by known causes such as gout and bacterial infection.

METHODS
Forty-nine consecutive synovial fluid (SF) analyses on 41 dialysis patients were reviewed. Nine with unexplained inflammatory arthritis were studied in detail. SF analysis included polarized light examination, alizarin red S stain, Congo red stain, cultures, transmission electron microscopy, and electron probe elemental analysis.

RESULTS
SF leukocyte counts ranged from 4550 to 36,000/mm3 with 44-98% neutrophils. No infections were identifiable in these patients. Findings evaluated as possible factors in the joint inflammation included apatite crystals, iron, lipids, amyloid, and difficult to diagnose nonbacterial infections such as hepatitis C.

CONCLUSION
Some highly inflammatory joint effusions in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis are not due to pyogenic infections and may be attributable to other factors.


Gas-phase Fourier transform infared spectroscopy allows the determination of the geometric configuration of disubstituted carbon-carbon double bonds present in linear polyunsaturated compounds on the basis of the characteristic absorptions observed in the 3036-3011 and 982-947 cm -1 regions. Although the 3036-3011 cm -1 band, attributable to a =CH stretch vibration, is conventional considered to be unreliable for cis/trans determinations, data obtained from a large number of mono- and polyunsaturated acetates show that many useful deductions can be based on this absorption. Double bonds of the RCH=CHR' type separated by at least two methylene groups, present in polyunsaturated compounds, give rise to an absorption at 3013-3011 cm -1 if the double bonds are not proximal to a functional group or a terminal methyl group. Cis dienes those double bonds are separated by only a single methylene group show the cis =CH stretch band at 3017 cm -1 . For methylene-interrupted polyenes, this band shows a gradual hypsochromic shift as the unsaturation increases. Furthermore, a band at 1391 cm -1 was recognized to represent the deformation vibration of the CH 2 groups located between the double bonds. The intensity of this band is proportional to the number of skipped methylene groups. None of the isolated or methylene-interrupted dienes bearing only trans double bonds showed any significant absorptions above 3000 cm -1 . However, spectra of trans-trans conjugated compounds show a =CH stretch band at 3016-3012 cm -1 as a well-defined shoulder on the high-frequency side of the CH 2 asymmetric stretch band, in addition to the wag absorption observed at 984982 cm -1 , which is highly characteristic for trans-trans conjugated compounds. The spectra of cis-trans or trans-cis conjugated compounds are virtually identical and show a characteristic «fingerprint» consisting of two bands of similar intensity at 978-976 and 949-946 cm -1 , in addition to the =C-H stretch band observed at 3021-3017 cm -1 . Interestingly, not only are the spectra of conjugated cis-cis compounds devoid of any significant absorption in the 982-947 cm -1 region, but also the =CH stretch band is broad and appear as a poorly defined shoulder on the high-frequency edge of the CH 2 asymmetric stretch band


The customs of the Feathered Cap were greatly related to the hunting life of a horse-riding people and they were dominated the birds worship ideology originated from the primitive religion of a northern people namely shamanism. In the early days Jou-Gwan with natural bird-feathers was decorated with golden and silver bird-feathers with the development of a society and it changed realistic and creative in the form.
Through the antique records and paintings of tombs bequests hereby describe the original forms of their source of the Jou-Gwan in ancient times. The background of the motive and method of wearing, materials in the Jou-Gwan(: Feathered Cap) in ancient times was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Costume Culture. Feathered Trim is 6 types, Feathered Trim Ⅰ-A, Feathered Trim Ⅰ-B, Feathered Trim Ⅱ-A, Feathered Trim Ⅱ-B, Feathered Trim Ⅱ-C, Feathered Trim Ⅲ in according to upper part of central insert plate style was influenced by the scythe style that was 'Scythe-shaped' tail.


Drawing on research about Presbyterian experiences of Northern Ireland's Troubles, we argue that the religion and peacebuilding literature's emphasis on prophetic leadership has meant that the field has overlooked the significance of the roles of clergy as "first responders" to violence and as providers of long-term pastoral care. These roles can be conceptualized as contributing, albeit indirectly, to everyday peacebuilding by facilitating (in some cases) personal healing, forgiveness, and reconciliation. The wider field of religion and peacebuilding would benefit from including the pastoral role of first responder in its conceptualizations of religious leadership in violent contexts.


At sea water temperature of 25.5~29.2,the effects at eleven salinity grades on embryonic development of Hemifusus tuba(Gmelin) were studied.The results show that suitable salinity ranges from 22~25 for embryonic development of Hemifusus tuba(Gmelin),and the best suitable salinity for embryonic development of Hemifusus tuba(Gmelin) is between 25~31.Within the suitable salinity,developmental embryos can digest and absorb the abortive eggs in the egg capsula make its own nutritive substance complete in 7~9d,and juvenile primarily formed in 13~15d,and embryonic development is complete in 31~34 d.In addition,the number of developmental of normal eggs and hatching rates are not affected by salinity in suitable range.The development of embryos is inhibited in initial by salinity under suitable range,only a few normal eggs can normally develop and the embryos development can be finished in 34~36 d when in sea water of 16~19.Embryonic development is not affected when in sea water of 38 and 41 in 6d,but is inhibited from 6d onwards.The inhibition of embryonic development by low salinity is more obvious than that of high salinity above suitable range.


Based on the ontological theory of outstanding psychoanalyst Norman N. Holland of up-to-date America, this thesis discusses the Emily Bronte's Whthering Heights, holding that encircling the noumenon subject of "for the freedom in dilemma", the novel's relationships between the characters, plot and narrate are elaborately arranged by the author. Whthering Heights is a picture which expresses Emily's sensation, desire, creation, ponder and ideal.


Abstract A TCO-less palladium (Pd) catalytic layer on the glass substrate was assessed as the counter electrode(CE) in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to confirm the stability of Pd with the I - /I 3- electrolyte on the DSSC performance. A 90nm-thick Pd film was deposited by a thermal evaporator. Finally, DSSC devices of 0.45cm 2 with glass/FTO/blocking layer/TiO 2 /dye/electrolyte(10 mM LiI + 1 mM I 2 + 0.1 M LiClO 4 in acetonitrile solution)/Pd/glassstructure was prepared. We investigated the microstructure and photovoltaic property at 1 and 12 hours after the sample preparation. The optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry measurement (C-V), and current voltage (I-V) were employed to measure the microstructure and photovoltaic property evolution. Microstructure analysis showed that the corrosion by reaction between the Pd layer and the electrolyte occurred as time went by, which led the decrease of the catalytic activity and the efficiency. I-Vresult revealed that the energy conversion efficiency after 1 and 12 hours was 0.34% and 0.15%, respectively. Our results implied that we might employ the other non- I


Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) continues to mystify health care professionals, law enforcementofficials and the judicial system, even in developed countries'. Though the first cases were described in 1977it remains puzzling why a parent should want to induce factitious symptoms and illnesses in a child. Manyprofessionals do not consider MSBP as a diagnosis because the parent, usually the mother, is so convincingthat she is a "good" mother, cares about and wants the best for her child." This article is offered to furthereducate physicians that MSBP exists, can present in the form of anything and should be considered as adiagnosis in cases that do not make medical sense. We believe this is the first such case to be recorded inNorth West Frontier Province.Key words: Munchausen syndrome, Factitious disorders, Ammonia solution.


In combination with the engineering practices of the traditional design of the Miniature Rod End Ball Bearing,Miniature Rod End Ball Bearing is put into primary practice with the use of the technique of CAD.Meanwhile,on the basis of lucubrating parametric modeling and characteristic modeling of Pro/E,it si to consider comprehensively the interface technique of Pro/E and Microsoft Visual C++、Microsoft Access and the relationship between parametric designed data frame and data transformation synthetically.On the basis of Pro/Toolink,the second exploitation of Pro/E has realized the exploitation of the 3D parametric CAD system.Finally,this paper puts the system into practice with the example of Miniature Rod End Ball Bearing,which has confirmed the practicability of this system,and also provided the good model method for other types bearing and even other product designs.


The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant molecular biotechnology and their genetic studies. There are three different types of markers viz . morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA based markers are differentiating in two types 1. Non PCR based (RFLP) and 2. PCR based markers (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNP etc.). Amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker is one of the most widely used marker due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is nowadays is the one which is used mainly. In this review, we are going to discuss about the biochemical and molecular markers which are recently developed, the important characteristics of molecular markers their advantages, disadvantages and the applications of these markers in comparison with other markers types.


Design is usually seen as a systematic practice engaged in by professionals, resulting in physical products for consumption. Yet, the internet and mobile technology have opened the field of design to non-professionals who have created several non-tangible, knowledge-based products including communication and language forms. The internet provides an unregulated space for various hybrid makings ranging from novel domains of communication and self-expression such as wikis and blogs to dynamic platforms for interaction such as Facebook, Twitter, and Internet Relay Chat. Regarding language, one such grassroots design product is 3arabizi, a unique linguistic blend of Arabic and English. This paper explores the origins, characteristics, and functions of 3arabizi as a case of language making in response to socio-environmental constraints and opportunities in online contexts. In particular, the paper highlights 3arabizi's use of arithmographemes i.e., keyboard numbers used as letters. Other hybrid online languages...


The solar photovoltaics as an environmentally beneficial technique, have emerged as an important source of electrical power, to meet rising energy requirement and supplanting the corresponding shortages in traditional energy sources. Due to a considerable portion of the solar radiation dropping on photovoltaic cells is converted to heat; the photovoltaic power plants' efficiency is reduced. The photovoltaics panel efficiency decreases if the temperature increases, this depends on the type of solar cell used. Controlling the temperature of the solar photovoltaics has become essential to improving photovoltaic panel efficiency, especially in places where the ambient temperature is extremely high. The current paper evaluates the literature related to the application of phase change material for temperature management and electrical efficiency enhancement in photovoltaics modules. The major goal is to identify the important research topics in order to ensure that the technology performs as expected and commercially viable. Various strategies must be examined and enhanced for the site under study in order to achieve the greatest photovoltaics panel performance. According to the findings, the inorganic phase change materials offer a high capacity for cooling solar cells. Only places with high year-round solar radiation and less seasonal transitions climatic fluctuations will be costeffective for phase change material-based photovoltaic systems. However, less thermal conductivity, in addition to low cooling are two primary issues for phase change material. Received: 25 July 2021/ Accepted: 1 September 2021 *Corresponding Authors:


Objective: To assess value of SERCA2a in the gene therapy of congestive heart failure, furthermore to analysis the effect of transfeetion to pathophysiology. Methods: A recombinant adenovirus, named rAd-trSERCA2a, was constructed with AdEasy system, in which the SERCA2a cDNA was inserted under the control of CMV promoter. The cardiac myoeytes of newborn rat were cultured, and were transfected with rAd-trSERCA2a. RTPCR and Western Blotting were performed to detect the expression of SERCA2a in cardiac myoeytes. Results; the sequence of SERCA2a was stably existed in rAd-trSERCA2a, which was tested by PCR and southern blot. The quantity of mRNA of SERCA2a in cardiac myoeytes increased 3. 6 times compared with the control, and the protein level is 1. 5 times of the control, 72 hours after the transfeetion. Conclusion: This recombinant virus, rAd-trSERCA2a, can effectively delivery the SERCA2a gene into cultured cardiac myoeytes and may became a feasible tool to modulate myoeyte Ca2+ homeostasis in the failure heart.


Through observation at site and collecting judge material at race walking competition in 9th National Games,the author makes curve diagram of race walker fault,analyzes rule and trend of curve diagram. The result shows that the high value of fault for our male and female race walkers is in the middle of match. How to walk fast without fault is the main problem to solve in future training.


Small business plays a vital role in economy. There are lots of difficulties faced by the small business owners under today's financial crisis. Optimization could help small business owner to reduce the operation cost and earn more from the IT investment. In this paper, we provide a case study of IT resource optimization on a small trading company. Through the case study, the trading company could get an optimized balance on data accuracy and storage. A reduction in the number of data points can still allow a company to pull out meaningful statistics.