Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic approach in treatment of hematologic malignancies and incompatibility of bone marrow. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) known as an alternative for hematopoietic stem/ progeni-tor cells (HPSC) for in allogenic transplantation. The main hindrance in application of HPSC derived from umbilical cord blood is the low volume of collected samples. So, ex vivo expansion of HPSCs is the useful approach to overcome this restriction. Synthetic biomaterials such as nanofibers is used to produce synthetic niches. The aim of this study was the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells on biocompatible nanofiber scaffolds. Methods: This study was done at Tarbiat Modares University from November 2012 to June 2013 and was a research study. Umbilical cord blood CD133 + hematopoietic stem cells were separated using MidiMacs (positive selection) system by means of mono-colonal antibody (microbeads) CD133. Flow cytometry was used to assess the purity of cells. Cell culture was done on plate (2 Dimensional) and fibronectin conjougated polyether sulfone nanofiber scaffold (3 Dimensional). Colony assay test was used to asses the ability of colonization of cells. Results: Cell count analysis revealed the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in cell culture plate (2D environment) and on nanofiber scaffold (3D environment) after 2 weeks. Expansion of cells in 2D environment was greater than 3D condition. Colony assay test revealed that the colonization ability of cells decreased after 2 weeks, but this decrease was lower in scaffold culture than plate culture. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that umbilical cord blood CD133 + hematopoietic stem cells can expand on fibronectin conjugated polyether sulfone scaffold and we can use this system for expanding of cells in vitro situation. Abstract


The aim of this research is to find the interrelationship between graffiti art and design on the mannequin, to identify the characteristics and Attributes of the graffiti art, to analyze and devise aesthetic values in it, and to identify its role as a source of inspiration for international fashion designers in order to draw inspiration from its aesthetics in design on the mannequin. The research followed the analytical descriptive approach along with the applied study through the analysis and characterization of the aesthetic values of the graffiti art, and making use of its aesthetics by presentation of twelve designing proposals suitable to be implemented by the method of designing on the mannequin. The results of the research showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of the function (0.001) between the proposed designs according to the opinions of the specialists in (features of graffiti art, the aesthetic aspect, functional aspect). There were statistically significant differences at the level of function (0.00) among the proposed designs according to the opinions of girls and ladies in (the aesthetic aspect, functional aspect). In addition to statistically significant differences at the level of function (0.00) between the opinions of the two samples of the research (specialists - girls and ladies) in achieving (the aesthetic and functional aspects). The research has submitted a number of recommendations, including: Supporting Saudi graffiti artists and allocating artistic spaces for them to enhance their talent as an art rather than sabotage, documenting their works and archiving them on the internet as a fertile field for lovers and collectors of this art. As well as intensifying the courses related to linking fashion designing to other arts worlds in the colleges of clothing, textiles and fashion designing in Saudi universities; to reach new creative ideas with different horizons and different arts inspired by them. With the introduction of computer programs as an assistant factor in fashion designing and shaping on the mannequin.


This paper briefly introduces the food safety supervision system,legal system and main regulatory measures of Singapore and Hong Kong,China and put forward the improvement of food safety supervision in mainland China based on their experience.


Among social signals, gaze contact is one of the most important, as it is often involved in initiation of social contact and engagement [1]. Gaze contact is furthermore crucial in shaping the course of social interaction [2]. We conducted a human-robot interaction (HRI) study [3] to investigate the electrophysiological correlates (EEG) of two important aspects of social engagement: (1) the intention to initiate eye contact and (2) the distinction between the observer being leader or follower (functional role in interaction) of an established gaze contact between human and robot (iCub). In particular, our experiment made use of a belief manipulation that intended to make participants believe that they were able to willfully influence the robot's behavior during interaction. Post-hoc data analysis of EEG oscillatory processes revealed a decrease in anterior and posterior alpha power, an increase in anterior left hemispheric gamma-power and a decrease in central beta-power when participants were intending to make eye contact with the humanoid (1), in comparison to a baseline rest period. Furthermore, for the comparison of leader versus follower (2) in terms of gaze contact, we found an even stronger difference of left hemispheric betaand gamma-band activity, but an absence of any difference between being initiator or responder in terms of alpha activity. By using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers with RBF kernel we showed that these patterns can be modeled with high within-participant accuracies of avg. 80.4% (1) and avg. 77.0% (2), respectively. Leave-one-participant out validation yielded promising across-participant accuracies of avg. 64.2% (1) and 61.0% (2), respectively. This work shows the technical feasibility of predictive modeling of higher-cognitive states involved in social engagement. The predictive models can ultimately be employed in passive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).


The present article analyzes the specific measurement strategies (techniques) of contact measurement that are used to determine the position deviation of the threaded holes using 3D coordinate measuring system. Furthermore, there are analyzed direct and indirect (location gages) measurement techniques to determine position of the threaded holes and results of the measurements.

http://www.astrj.com/pdf-65107-6493?filename=THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING.pdf


This paper explores the relationship between regulation and contracts from the point of view of autopoietic social systems theory. Building on the notions of contract as a structure of governance, and of regulation as a system of rules intended to govern the behaviour of its subjects that involves standard setting, monitoring and enforcement, the paper discusses the contributions of Teubner (1993), Collins (1999) and Deakin (2002) for understanding the relationship between the legal and the economic subsystems in society. The paper argues that regulation and contracts co-evolve: the influence of regulation upon contracts is mediated by the system of shared meanings that the contract develops and, reciprocally, the influence of contracts on regulation depends on each regulatory element's own network of communications. The paper concludes that reflexive regulatory strategies, by facilitating the emergence of shared meanings, may be more successful in governing the behaviour of economic actors. However, given the disturbances involved in the process of co-evolution, this is not straightforward.


The segmentation of endovascular tools in fluoroscopy images can be accurately performed automatically or by minimum user intervention, using known modern techniques. It has been proven in literature, but no clinical implementation exists so far because the computational time requirements of such technology have not yet been met. A classical segmentation scheme is composed of edge enhancement filtering, line detection, and segmentation. A new method is presented that consists of a vector that propagates in the image to track an edge as it advances. The filtering is performed progressively in the projected path of the vector, whose orientation allows for oriented edge detection, and a minimal image area is globally filtered. Such an algorithm is rapidly computed and can be implemented in real-time applications. It was tested on medical fluoroscopy images from an endovascular cerebral intervention. Ex- periments showed that the 2D tracking was limited to guidewires without intersection crosspoints, while the 3D implementation was able to cope with such planar difficulties. Keywords—Edge detection, Line Enhancement, Segmentation, Fluoroscopy.


The genus Argostemma Wall. (Rubiaceae) in the Malay Peninsula and Peninsular Thailand are discussed with regard to general morphology, distribution and ecology from studies of herbarium specimens from various herbaria together with the field surveys of the natural populations in the study area during November 2001 – December 2006.


The dunlin (Calidris alpina) is the most common sandpiper (Family Scolopacidae) that winters on the Pacific coast of North America (Bent 1927; Jewett et al. 1953; and Christmas Bird Count data published in American Birds during the last two decades). The food eaten by dunlins has been described from many locations throughout their distribution (see review in Cramp and Simmons 1983). In North America, food eaten by dunlins has been described from the Arctic (Holmes 1966; Baker 1977), at migratory stop-overs in the midwest (Brooks 1962) and British Columbia (Munro 1936), and at wintering areas in British Columbia (Fry 1980) and California (Recher 1964; Holmes 1966; Holmberg 1971). In addition, the food eaten by dunlins has been described from populations wintering in Grays Harbor (Smith and Mudd 1976; Kalinowski et al. 1982) and the San Juan Islands (Couch 1966) in Washington state. In this note, we describe the amounts and kinds of food eaten by dunlins at four estuaries in western Washington state; three in Puget Sound (Kennedy Creek delta, Nisqually River delta and Samish Bay) and one in Grays Harbor on the coast (Bowerman Basin). A description of these areas is provided by Brennan et al. (1985). We have previously summarized the food eaten by dunlins in western Washington in relation to the availability of prey and patterns of over-winter weight changes in dunlins (Buchanan et al. 1985). Our purpose here is to provide a complete listing of all food items obtained from our collections of dunlins.


The Patagonian Andean foreland system includes several intermountain basins filled with a Miocene non‐marine record deposited under syn‐tectonic conditions related to the Andean uplift and a regional climate change triggered by a rain shadow effect. Many of those basins, such as the Collón Cura basin in Neuquén Province, Argentina, present a well‐preserved fluvial record (i.e. the Limay Chico Member of the Caleufú Formation). Sedimentological and palaeomagnetic studies have allowed the interpretation of coeval transverse distributary fan and axial mixed‐load fluvial systems deposited between 10.6 ± 0.2 and 12.8 Ma. The basin infill arrangement shows that, while the axial mixed‐load fluvial system exhibits an aggradational stacking pattern, the transverse distributary fluvial fan system denotes three different orders of stratigraphic patterns: (i) large‐scale progradation of the transverse fluvial fan system over a time scale of 106 year; (ii) intermediate‐scale progradational–retrogradational transverse intra‐basinal fluvial fan episodes over a time scale of 105 year; and (iii) small‐scale transverse lobe progradation over a time scale of 105–104 year. These patterns were interpreted as transverse sediment flux variations triggered by variable external forcings. To decouple those forcings, we estimated the Collón Cura basin equilibrium time at 3–5 × 105 year and compared it with the time scale over which different external forcings varied in the Patagonian Andean and foreland regions during Miocene times. Large‐scale progradation is linked to an increase in sediment flux triggered by a long‐term tectonically driven exhumation forcing associated with the Miocene Patagonian Andean contractional phase. Intermediate‐scale progradational–retrogradational episodes are linked to variations in sediment flux due to a mid‐term tectonic forcing associated with the western fault system activity. The small‐scale fan lobe progradation is related to increases in sediment flux triggered by indistinguishable short‐term autogenic processes and/or high‐frequency tectonic and climatic forcings. This contribution shows the applicability and limitations of the basin equilibrium time concept to decouple external forcings from the geological record, considering their magnitude, nature and time scale, as well as the basin characteristics.


Abstract : This report presents in Appendix A the CHAMPUS Catastrophic Quarterly Payment reports for the Third Quarter Fiscal Year (FY) 1995 for thirty-seven of the Army Gateway catchment areas. Each Payment Report lists Privacy Act protected hospitalization patient cases having CHAMPUS claims totaling more than the catchment area's specific FY 1995 catastrophic cutoff amount either at the end of the Second Quarter FY 1995 and/or at the end of the Third Quarter FY 1995. The difference between the reported and prior quarter's net claim payments equals the catastrophic net payment made for each patient during the quarter.


The goal of this study was to assess pediatric oncology providers' perceptions of palliative care in order to validate previously identified barriers and facilitators to early integration of a pediatric palliative care team (PCT) in the care of children with cancer.


Objective To research the affection of chlorine satan on internal epithelial cell damage, blood platelet, inflammation factor and the protection function of internal epithelial cell in patients suffered from primary hypertension. Methods Select 38 cases of 1 and 2 grades primary hypertension patients and 30 normal elder men as a comparison group and then test their content of factor (VWF) of Von Willebrand, a granular protein 130 (GMP 140) and blood serum C reaction protein (CRP) 2 months after and before taking chlorine satan; Results The content of VWF of blood plasma, GMP-140 and C reaction protein for elderly patient group suffered from primary hypertension is evidently higher than the normal elder men group with P0.05; The content of VWF, GMP-140, CRP reduced significantly after treatment with P0.05. Conclusion 1 and 2 grades of elder patients suffered from primary hypertension have clear internal epithelial damage and blood platelet activation. However, the chlorine satan not only can reduce the blood pressure for elder patients suffered from primary hypertension better but also protect the internal epithelial cell of vein with better compatibility.


The dynamics of the brush-commutator unit as a factor predetermining switching of the electric traction motor of the electric locomotive is considered in the article. The subject of the study is the characteristics of motion with a gap – a dynamic effect that manifests itself as the velocities and amplitudes of the oscillations of the contacting surfaces of the elements of the brush-commutator unit of the traction motor increase. The analysis is carried out using a model problem in which the brush, denoted by a material point, is being considered in accordance with the rules of periodic motions with continuous tossing on the vibrating surface and the possibilities of implementing vibro-impact modes. The possible detachment is determined by the influence of force factors, which can be characterized by pressing the brush to the commutator with the brush holder, as well as by external force factors caused by the vibrations of the traction motor. Unilateral constraints are taken into consideration using the generalized gap function method. The article provides analytical results of the study of the interaction features in the "brush-commutator" contact. Resent trend in Science and Technology management #1 2018 18 A generalized approach is developed for the problems of estimating the dynamic interactions of the elements of the brush-commutator unit implemented in the modes of continuous contact failure. The basis of the approach is the introduction of the concept of gap function, which makes it possible to justify the construction of the brush motions in accordance with certain criteria that reflect the properties of the brush motion forms in interaction with the commutator surface. Diagrams of the forms of motion of the brush-commutator unit elements are presented on the basis of numerical modeling results. Keywords: traction electric motor of electric locomotive, brushcommutator unit, brush-commutator interaction, unilateral constraints, gap function Introduction. While ensuring the operational reliability of high-speed and heavy haul rolling stock, high emphasis is placed on the dynamic quality of the brush-commutator unit. A number of fundamental works [1-3] are focused on the evaluation of the influence of mechanical factors on the switching process. Depending on the characteristics of the dynamic loads, the switching efficiency reflects the peculiarities of contacting the brushes, taking into account the unilateral nature of the constraints. Such a dynamic effect as a motion with a gap manifests itself with increasing velocities and amplitudes of oscillation of the contacting surfaces of the elements of the brush-commutator unit of the traction motor. Studies in the field of rolling stock dynamics have shown that unilateral constraints that allow disruption of the continuity of the interaction characteristics between the brush and the commutator can have a significant effect on the operation of traction motors [4]. This is due to the fact that during the current pick-up and commutation in the brush-commutator unit of the traction motor (ETM), a periodic failure of the brush-commutator contact creates an undesirable process [5]. The problems of taking account of unilateral constraints as a factor of dynamic effects were repeatedly raised in papers on the theory of vibratory displacement [6]. A number of problems reflecting unilateral interactions of material points with vibrating surfaces were considered in studies on the justification of the use of vibrational technologies for the mining industry, the construction industry, engineering and transport [7-9]. To model the features of the unilateral interaction of a material point with a vibrating surface, the approach involving the gap function [9] was used in the works on the dynamics of the vibratory technological machines. This Resent trend in Science and Technology management #1 2018 19 represents an analytical apparatus for determining the detailed characteristics of the forms of motion of elements taking account of the unilateral constraints. Despite considerable progress in the study of dynamic effects arising due to the presence of unilateral constraints, many problems on the dynamics of the elements of the brush-commutator unit (BCU) have not been sufficiently elaborated in terms of the dependence on the nature of the constraints in the "brush-commutator" contact. This article is focused on the approach to constructing a mathematical model on the basis of a generalized method taking into consideration unilateral constraints when applied to the dynamics of the BCU elements. I. Basic provisions. Problem formulation. With all the significance of the notion that the brush is a solid, to determine the conditions of interaction between the brush and the commutator, if we do not take into account the dimensions of the brush and confine ourselves to the consideration of vertical oscillations (or vibrations), the computational scheme can generally be a material point, which is located on a vibrating surface. There is a bond between the brush and the commutator surface and a reaction occurs between them; at certain parameters of the surface motion, the bond can be broken, then the brush can perform an autonomous motion, and a gap appears with the subsequent restoration of the contact. The operation of the brush contact is determined not only by the vibrations of the contact surface. The connection between the brush assembly and the body of the ETM, which operates under conditions of intense dynamic loading, has a direct effect on the dynamic interaction of the brush with the commutator. In traction engines of electric locomotives, the brushes are springloaded and located around the commutator along the perimeter. The loading conditions for the brush contact are different, which is reflected in the computational schemes of the brush-commutator unit (BCU). As the basic model, the vertical arrangement (vertical assembly) of brushes is considered due the assumption that it is possible to take into account the peculiarities of the arrangement of brushes and contact properties by appropriate adjustments of the basic model. If there are any irregularities and deviations from the cylindrical shape, the rotating commutator is interpreted on the basis of the inversion principle as a certain oscillating plane [10] (Fig. 1). Resent trend in Science and Technology management #1 2018 20 Figure 1. Brushing the brush to the commutator: (a) contact diagram, (b) the design scheme of the brush and commutator interaction in the contact phase Figure 1 shows the surface of the commutator H and the brush m. In general, the force of gravity Q acts on the brush, the additional force F (the spring pressing force, as well as other forces caused by motions of the ETM body). The surface performs harmonic vertical motions ) sin( ) ( t A t H ω = . At certain values of the amplitude A and frequency ω, the brush m acquires the possibility of detachment from the surface of the commutator – a free approach with a subsequent contact or impact (as a form of the contact restoration). Under certain conditions, stable regimes can arise with the brush being detached from the commutator [9]. The task is to develop a generalized method for determining the key dynamic characteristics that reflect the features of the brush motion patterns in the unilateral interaction with the commutator. II. Forms of brush motion taking into account unilateral constraints in interaction with the commutator. Features of the mathematical model. To consider the motion of the brush, we introduce the form X(t), which is a graph of brush motion without contact with the commutator, except for the moment of detachment t0 . At a preliminary stage, we believe that there are no other forces than gravity force. In the approach phase, the form X(t) satisfies a system of second-order differential equations with initial conditions determined at the moment of motion t0 of the commutator surface: Resent trend in Science and Technology management #1 2018


Analyzing the thermal behavior of a linear system, such as a building (with some commonly made approximations), is greatly simplified in the frequency domain because of the decoupling of different frequencies. Thermostatic controls, an important part of building systems, invalidate this decoupling since they respond only to the temperature at a particular time (i.e., to the sum of all frequencies). Nevertheless, it is shown that by suitably formulating the problem, buildings with thermostatic controls can be simulated in the frequency domain, even when the setpoint is a function of time. An hour-by-hour profile of indoor temperature and auxiliary energy requirements are obtained without doing an hour-by-hour simulation. In the solution process, a function-the ''temp-aux'' function-is introduced which determines both the temperature and auxiliary energy profiles. This function is of general interest in building energy calculations.


Vier neue Phasen wurden im System TlFTlF3 isoliert und charakterisiert: Tl2F3(Tl+3Tl3+F6), Tl3F5(Tl+2Tl3+F5), TlF2(Tl+Tl3+F4) und Tl3F7(Tl+Tl3+2F7).

Four new phases have been isolated and characterized in the TlFTlF3 system: Tl2F3(Tl+3Tl3+F6), Tl3F5(Tl+2Tl3+F5), TlF2(Tl+Tl3+F4) and Tl3F7(Tl+Tl3+2F7).


In this paper, we introduce non-standard deformations of (1+2)- and (2+1)-superspaces via a contraction using standard deformations of them. This deformed superspaces denoted by ${\mathbb A}_h^{1|2}$ and ${\mathbb A}_{h'}^{2|1}$, respectively. We find a two-parameter $R$-matrix satisfying quantum Yang-Baxter equation and thus obtain a {\it new} two-parameter non-standard deformation of the supergroup ${\rm GL}(1|2)$. Finally, we get a new superalgebra derived from the super-Hopf algebra of functions on the quantum superspace ${\mathbb A}_{p,q}^{1|2}$.


In this paper, by constructing a contraction mapping and using the time scale calculus theory and the Lyapunov function method, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of almost periodic solutions for a class of Nicholson's blowflies models with patch structure and linear harvesting terms on time scales. The results of this paper are completely new. Moreover, we present an illustrative example and numerical simulation to show the effectiveness of obtained results.


: Taking Yuanjia village in Shaanxi Province as an example, through the questionnaire survey, this paper finds that there are some problems in rural tourism in Yuanjia village, such as the lack of rural folk culture characteristics, the lack of publicity, and the single tourist market


Though a lot has been said about L2 acquisition and learners' output, there is still much to be done in terms of research pertaining to the cognitive part of eye movement based on the nature of the target language (TL) within the process of learning. Thus, eye movement according to the nature of L2 can be a challenge that learners might face. Arab EFL, or ESP learners might find it more difficult, taking into consideration the nature of the script of their Arabic language mother tongue (MT) going from right to left, and being a total opposite of all Anglo Saxon scripts (left to right). The following article tries to focus on the input process of Arab learners while trying to adapt to, or learn English as a foreign language, and find out if the paradox of eye movement which is left to right vs. right to left, (in the case of EFL/ESP learning), has any impact on these particular learners' actual output and performance.


Noise characteristics of single-mode oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes are investigated in single-mode and multi-mode 3 Gb/s fiber links. Data transmission in the coherence collapse regime under -19 dB optical feedback shows negligible bit error rate degradation.


A multifunctional nanoscale platform that is self‐assembled from a hydrophobic poly( dl‐lactide‐coglycolide)(PLGA) core and a hydrophilic paramagnetic‐folate‐coated PEGylated lipid shell (PFPL; PEG=polyethylene glycol) is designed for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and targeted therapeutics. The nanocomplex has a well‐defined core‐shell structure which is studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The paramagnetic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid‐gadolinium (DTPA‐Gd) chelated to the shell layer exhibits significantly higher spin–lattice relaxivity (r1) than the clinically used small‐molecular‐weight MRI contrast agent Magnevist®. The PLGA core serves as a nanocontainer to load and release the hydrophobic drugs. From a drug‐release study, it is found that the modification of the PLGA core with a polymeric liposome shell can be a useful tool for reducing the drug‐release rate. Cellular uptake of folate nanocomplex is found to be higher than that of non‐folate‐nanocomplex due to the folate‐binding effect on the cell membrane. This work indicates that the multifunctional platform with combined characteristics applicable to MRI and drug delivery may have great potential in cancer chemotherapy and diagnosis.


The paper proposes a two-dimensional model of human stability. The model allows for gaining data on forces and moments of forces being the effect of musculoskeletal interactions of body parts at human joints. The necessary input data are registered with the use of an optoelectronic motion capture system, two force plates, and a dynamometer. The latter measures the magnitude of the external force that is randomly applied to cause a backward fall. Therefore, the position of the participant's body during the experiment, the external force used to cause the fall, and the ground reaction forces are known. The model proposed has the structure of a closed kinematic chain with one loop and two open subchains and uses the Euler–Newton approach to analyse the motion. In addition to external loads, linear and angular accelerations are also needed. To calculate those, we used a variant of approximation. This consists in carrying out a simultaneous approximation of a given function and its first and second derivatives in the subintervals that shift along the whole data range. The experiments conducted include two activities while maintaining a state of equilibrium and the fall itself. This gives the basis for examining whether the internal forces and moments at human joints differ significantly in both these states. The results and conclusions are discussed in the final part of the paper.


In order to avoid any significant restrictions of the traffic and to shorten the construction time, it is proposed that the cover layer as an asphalt cover layer (5, 5 ', 5' ') is carried out and above the upper edge OK of the road surface is arranged and that (between the base layer 2, 2 ') and the asphalt cover layer (5, 5', 5 ''), an asphalt base course (4, 4 ', 4' ', 4' '', 4 '' '', 4 '' '' ') is located. For this purpose, it is proposed terms of the method, the roadway in the direction of travel in a main web (7) and at least one branch line (8, 9) to share and then to transfer the work parts (10 to 14) initially to the main path (7) and to work and then the work areas (15 to 20) on the branch line (8, 9) to transmit and edit. In this case, should at least the frost protection layer (1) remain in the soil and then at least one asphalt base course (4, 4 ', 4' ', 4' '', 4 '' '', 4 '' '' ') and an asphalt covering layer (5, 5 ', 5' ') are applied, wherein the asphalt base course (4, 4') to the upper edge OK of the old road surface and an asphalt covering layer (5, 5 ', 5' ') above the upper edge OK of the old road to be applied.


Thought of the material non-linearity,geometric non-linearity and contact non-linearity,a three-dimensional tire FEA model was built.By means of MSC.MARC code,the analysis of stress/stain field and deformation of tire-tim interface were also given.


The paper discusses the methodology and a computational exercise analyzing the processes taking place in the graphite stack of an RBMK reactor in case of a pressure tube rupture caused by overheating. The methodology of the computational analysis is implemented in integrated code U_STACK which models thermal-hydraulic and mechanical processes in the stack with a varying geometry, coupled with the processes going on in the circulation loop and accident localization (confinement) system. Coolant parameters, cladding and pressure tube temperatures, pressure tube ballooning and rupture, coolant outflow are calculated for a given accident scenario. Fluid parameters, movement of graphite blocks and adjacent pressure tubes bending after the tube rupture are calculated for the whole volume of the core. Calculations also cover additional loads on adjacent fuel channels in the rupture zone, reactor shell, upper and lower plates. Impossibility of an induced pressure tube rupture is confirmed.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Molina Center on Energy and Environment, La Jolla, CA, USA 3 Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA 4 Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 5 Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA 6 Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 7 Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 8 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 9 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA


Studies stemming from very diverse disciplines and theories have found that the differences between men and women affect practically all the aspects of their personalities. Many of these studies have discovered that with regard to language quite large differences have been found. These are related to four facets of the individual: biological, psychological, cultural and social. In this paper, we concentrate on a point of view which we could refer to as 'cultural with a biological base'and we examine this in a study of the verbal ambiguity produced by the absence of the pronoun yo 'I'in two urban areas of the Canary Islands.


Abstract We introduce the class of r-asymptotically quasi finite rank operators (which properly contains the class of r-compact operators) and show that for these operators the spectrum and o-spectrum coincide.


A macro-focus X-ray tube with CNT emitters was successfully developed. An anode current of 1.15mA was collected when the copper grid gate voltage was 2.7kV. A very small x-ray focal spot size with less than 39μm can be achieved, which could potentially produce very high special resolution X-ray image.


The urban mosquito species Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviruses worldwide. Mosquito control with insecticides is the most prevalent method for preventing transmission in the absence of effective vaccines and available treatments; however, the extensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance in mosquito populations throughout the world, and the number of epidemics caused by arboviruses has increased. Three mosquito lines with different resistance profiles to deltamethrin were isolated in French Guiana, including one with the I1016 knock-down resistant allele. Significant differences were observed in the cumulative proportion of mosquitoes with a disseminated chikungunya virus infection over time. In addition, certain genes (CYP6BB2, CYP6N12, GST2, trypsin) were variably overexpressed in the midgut at 7 days after an infectious blood meal in these three lines. Therefore, detoxification enzymes and kdr mutations may contribute to an enhanced midgut barrier and reduced dissemination rate. Our work shows that vector competence for chikungunya virus varied between Ae. aegypti laboratory lines with different deltamethrin-resistance profiles. More accurate verification of the functional association between insecticide resistance and vector competence remains to be demonstrated. Importance Three Ae. aegypti lines, isolated from the same collection site, underwent different insecticide selection pressures against deltamethrin under laboratory conditions. As a result, they developed different resistant profiles. In this study, when these lines were fed an artificial infectious blood meal containing chikungunya virus, all three lines including the reference strain showed a high infection rate. There was no statistical difference in infection rate found; however, the dissemination rate of the virus from midgut to head were significantly different. A higher resistance level detected by the WHO test was correlated with a lower viral dissemination rate for each strain. This study presented evidence that the insecticide selection pressure or the existence of insecticide resistance could lead to differences in viral dissemination or even transmission in mosquito populations. We hope that our study can give more insights into understanding the roles of mosquito insecticide resistance on viral transmission.


This paper explores the shortcomings of forms of democratic governance in Latin America and theCaribbean through a focus on people's experiences of insecurity and state responses to increasingviolence in the region. Using Charles Tilly's criteria for assessing political relations in democraticregimes, it argues that in Latin America and the Caribbean it is necessary to rethink the criterianormally used to assess democratic governance. Democracy in contexts affected by chronicviolence, it is argued, should not be thought of exclusively in relation to the functioning of politicalinstitutions and access to rights. It should also be considered in relation to its capacity to produceand sustain forms of political, economic and social interaction that do not reproduce violence.


Twelve courses of continuous glucagon infusion were administered to ten patients at rates of 0.5 to 16 mg/hr for periods of 5 to 166 hours. Six infusions were given for chronic refractory congestive failure, three for postperfusion low flow, and three for cardiogenic shock. Improvement was noted in nine of ten patients including all with chronic congestive failure. Half of the latter group were discharged whereas only one of four patients with acute myocardial impairment survived. Side effects were frequent but mild. One patient, however, had three episodes of ventricular fibrillation associated with hypokalemia. Most patients developed an as yet unexplained increase in blood urea nitrogen. This is the third favorable report of seven such studies involving chronic congestive failure and indicates the necessity for further observations in such patients and in those with chronic obstructive lung disease with cor pulmonale.


As a storage-unit of user created web objects, the set has become an emerging challenge in the retrieval. Set search requires relevant sets to meet the information need of users, whereas traditional information retrieval focuses on finding relevant web objects. This paper proposes a new approach to measure relevance of sets with respect to a user query by their topic coverage. The main idea of the proposed approach is to prefer the set which covers as many different query-related topics as possible. The problem domain of this paper is photo sets of the Flickr.com, which are collections of photos. The experimental result shows that our algorithm outperforms the previous collection selection algorithm.


In a local area network such as the Cambridge ring [Wilkes79a], one of the principal benefits to be gained is the centralisation of expensive resources such as discs. Rather than each processor having a private disc~ one or more computers can provide a storage service for all others on the network. The Cambridge File Server, a program controlling a dedicated minicomputer and 150 megabytes of disc storage, is an attempt to create a general storage service for the ring, and has been used to implement both filing systems and virtual memory systems in computers on the ring. This has been done for the CAP computer [Wilkes79b] and is described in a companion article [Dellar80].


The study of the history of ceramic brick production in Yakutsk and the chronology of changing its nominal size is clearly seen on the example of stone buildings of the pre-revolutionary period, starting from the 18th century. Many architectural buildings made of ceramic brick have retained their integrity, uniqueness and exclusivity. Based on literary sources and archival documents, the main stages of the construction of the Trinity Cathedral (from 1708 to 1901) are traced, during which the unique architectural appearance of the first stone church in the city of Yakutsk is formed. Holy Trinity Cathedral in Yakutsk and recreating its historical appearance, bricks of the 18th and 19th centuries are selected to determine the durability of brickwork for the possibility of restoring the ancient architectural monument and their physical and mechanical properties are determined. The initial results of the survey of the building with a description of the structural features of the construction of brick walls and floors, the results of the study of the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic brick samples of different centuries are given. It is determined that ceramic bricks of the 18th century have a smaller grade in strength than bricks of the 19th century, but they are in good condition, which allows the restoration work. This study is another attempt to comprehend and understand the secrets of the masters, systematize and restore the chronology of the monument's history.


Important rainfall-runoff characteristics for basins in the Rolla, Missouri, study area were determined to be overland flow, interception storage, interception losses, evaporation, and infiltration. Using these important rainfall-runoff characteristics, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was configured and calibrated for basins in the study area. The data network for the study area consisted of four continuous rainfall gages and three continuous streamflow gages. These data were collected for purposes of calibrating the SWMM. Calibration of the model, using observed data from three runoff events (ranging in frequency from less than the 2-year to the 10-year recurrence intervals), was performed by minimizing objective functions representing peak discharge, volume of runoff, and time to peak discharge from the beginning of simulation. The absolute mean percent difference between the simulated and observed data for peak discharge, volume of runoff, and time to peak discharge are 9.47, 10.8, and 19.6 percent. The ranges in percent difference for discharge are -26.2 to 20.4; for volume of runoff, -21.8 to 16.4; and for time to peak, -36.4 to 41.7. The percent differences between the observed and simulated data are thought to occur because of either inadequate representation of the rainfall spatial and temporal distribution in the model input data set, inability to represent the spatial and dynamic features of the basin, observed streamflow data errors, or some combination of these factors. In addition, potential errors in the delineation of the drainage system (stormsewer conduits, length, and geometry) exist because of limited information available. Additional data collection for calibration and validation efforts and more detailed discretization of the drainage basins would improve the accuracy of the model simulation. Before the model was calibrated to the basins in the study area, a sensitivity analysis of SWMM parameters was performed on a simplified drainage basin. The output of runoff (peak volume and timing) in SWMM was determined to be most sensitive to subcatchment width, percentage of impervious area, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and initial moisture deficit. The volume of runoff was affected by percentage of impervious area, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and initial moisture deficit. The peak flow rate was affected by subcatchment width and percentage of impervious area, while the time to peak was affected by subcatchment width. The model also was determined to be sensitive to the magnitude of the time step in the streamflow routing segment of the SWMM.


Signal integrity, which is the ability of a signal to generate correct responses in the circuit, is cu rrently an important performance limiting factor in high-speed systems. Analysis and design of interconnections in highspeed VLSI chips and printed circuit boards are gai ning importance because of the rapid increase in operati ng frequencies and decrease in feature sizes. Improper ly designed interconnects can result in increased cros stalk, signal delay, ringing, inadvertent and false switch ing. In order to reduce adverse signal integrity effects, i t is necessary for the interconnects to have accurate ph ysical dimensions which as a result reduces unwanted coupl ing between neighboring conductors of the interconnects . In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization based appro ach is used to find optimal solution for physical dimen sio s of high speed interconnects. This paper presents compa rative results of both genetic algorithm and particle swar m optimization. So suitable interconnect structure h as to be designed to mitigate these effects. In this work a novel evolutionary optimization methodology is used for h igh speed PCB interconnects design. The particle swarm optimization and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method are combined to achieve the optimum interconnect structure satisfying a certain design criterion. The interconnect geometric parameters will be extra cted by EM analysis and to be optimized by Particle Swar m Optimization, and a fitness function evaluated by F DTD simulations will be used to represent the performan ce of each candidate design. The optimization process wil l be implemented on parallel clusters to reduce the computational time introduced by full wave analysis . Keywords— Signal integrity, Coupled Microstripline, SI effects, Parameter Extraction, Particle Swarm Optimization


Business models (BM) are, at present, a dynamic model that is continuously evaluated. The main research approaches are analyzing BM from different perspectives: resource oriented, transaction narrative and also from an entrepreneurship perspective. There remains to be seen how new business models are defined based on innovation and technological improvements for the distribution of renewable energy. Nowadays, on the global political agenda, renewable energy is a solution for reducing the greenhouse gases and their impact to climate change. In order to fulfill the European Union targets for reducing the greenhouse gas emission the EU countries introduced promotion models for renewable energy that are also an opportunity for new business ideas. The selected case studies analyze the main support schemes that are implemented in Europe, for example the Feed in Tariff in Germany and Green Certificates in Romania. Unfortunately, the process of transition to renewable energy is not so easy. The authors are analyzing the main obstacles related to the development of renewable energy and based on a questionnaire research studies they further analyze the main risk factors in the photovoltaic sector in Romania. This chapter should give an overview about the business models and the related opportunities and obstacles for the transition to renewable energy in Europe.


At this point, eight burials with vertically positioned bodies in the burial chamber are known in Northern Eurasia from Central Europe to the eastern border of Western Siberia. There is one "stand up" burial at each of the following sites: near the village of Zarechnoe on the Ina River in the Ob River area, in the Tobol River area near the village of Pegan, at Ust-Aleika 5 burial ground on the Upper Ob River, and Central Europe, 80 km north of Berlin. The remains of four burials are known at Oleniy Ostrov burial ground on Lake Onega. Vertical burial grounds are characterized by some significant peculiarities. Bones of a child from Ust-Aleika 5 necropolis, female bones from Zarechnoe 1 burial ground, and, probably, from the burial near the village of Pegan were found in anatomical order. Female burial № 68 at Oleniy Ostrov burial ground can be considered vertical, too. The deceased was buried standing up there. A burial of a man in an upright position was found at a burial ground in Groß Fredenwalde. Biting marks and mixed condition of the bones reliably indicate that the upper part of the grave pit was open for some time. Accordingly, we can assume a similar rite (with the upper part of the grave opened) at burial № 68 and diagonal burials № 100, 123, and 125 at Oleniy Ostrov burial ground. Considering relatively sparse funerary equipment in vertical burials, an almost total absence of sculptural images, which, in our opinion, are more typical of shaman burials, and, probably, the practice of building half-open graves, we can assume that the deceased buried in "stand up" burials were not shamans. They were apparently revered according to the religious code in a special way due to certain mental or physical abilities or shortcomings, which is indicated by the example of a child with hydrocephalus from Ust-Aleika 5 burial ground. The vertically buried bodies were likely to serve as a kind of "guardians" at the necropolises, as evidenced by the burial at Groß Fredenwalde that was half-opened for some time, and, possibly, by the burials on Oleniy Ostrov.


Although retail atmospherics has been an active field of study, further research is needed to address the role that sensory marketing plays in the retailing sector. This chapter presents a review of previous research and discusses the effect of visual, sound, and olfactory atmospherics on shopping outcomes. The interaction among these variables and their common impact on consumer behavior is also explored. The chapter expands and enriches the literature on retail atmospherics and discusses future research avenues. Further research will help retailers pay attention to the crucial role of sensory environment in shaping the customer experience and shopping behavior.


The Computer Systems Laboratory at Stanford University developed a shared-memory multiprocessor called Dash (an abbreviation for Directory Architecture for Shared Memory). The fundamental premise behind the architecture is that it is possible to build a scalable high-performance machine with a single address space and coherent caches [1]. Dash accomplishes this by using a distributed directory at clusters of processors with a hierarchical bus structure. Although the Dash Multiprocessor was a research investigation of highly parallel architectures, a working prototype with 64 processors was built and tested at Stanford before the publishing of the paper in March 1992.


– In this study, pressure drop ( ) across air-cooled heat sinks (HSs) are predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN). A multilayer feed-forward ANN architecture with two hidden layers is developed. Backpropagation algorithm is used for training the network, and the accuracy of the network is evaluated by the root mean square error. The input data for training the neural network is prepared through three-dimensional simulation of air inside the channels of heat sinks using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The developed ANN-based model in this study predicts with a high accuracy and within of the CFD-based data. The present study suggests that developing an ANN-based model with a high level of accuracy overcomes the limitations of physics-based correlations that their accuracy strongly depends on identifying and implementing key variables that affect the physics of a thermo-fluid phenomenon.


Discovery of the Carmopolis Oil Field has greatly encouraged petroleum exploration in Brazil. Located in the Sergipe basin, 12 miles inland from the Atlantic, Carmopolis was the first discovery of a new area outside of the Bahia fields in 10 yr of exploration by Petrobras. Wells at Carmopolis yield 21/sup 0/API gravity oil from Muribeca sands at depths of 2500-2700 ft. Average yield is about 100 bpd, but an exceptional yield of 900 bpd has been obtained. A productive area of 6000 acres has been delimited by 34 wells. Prospects of the Barreirinhas basin look highly encouraging, and discovery of a new important field is expected, following the drilling of several significant wells. One of them yielded 41/sup 0/API gravity oil at about 1500 m or 5000 ft. In the coastal basins of Sergipe, Alagoas, and Barreirinhas, a sequence of Cretaceous marine transgressions and regressions from the Atlantic covers the crystalline basement of the Brazilian shield, exposed in the W and limited by a fault. Other parallel faults divide the basin and continue on to the continental shelf, as indicated by the marine seismic surveys.


Background: Single agent PD-1/PD-L1 studies in previously treated EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) demonstrate clinical outcomes inferior to salvage combination chemotherapy. Dual blockade of PD-1/CTLA4 is a viable treatment strategy in other solid tumors. We hypothesized that this strategy would also be feasible and efficacious in NPC. Materials and Methods: A single arm phase 2 study using a Simon 2-stage design was used. Nivolumab was dosed at 3 mg/kg q2 weeks, and Ipilimumab was dosed at 1 mg/kg q6 weeks. Eligible pts had EBER-ISH positive NPC, measurable plasma EBV DNA, no more than 1 prior line of chemotherapy, ECOG 0-1, and adequate organ function. All pts who met the eligibility criteria and received at least one dose of the combination were included in the safety and efficacy analysis. The primary efficacy endpoint was best overall response (BOR) by RECIST 1.1. Toxicity was assessed using CTCAE criteria. Pretreatment EBV DNA load was used to discriminate EBVhi from EBVlo at a threshold of 30,000 copies/ml, and sub-group analyses were carried out for BOR, time to progression, progression-free survival and overall survival based on this cutoff. Paired tumor and blood sampling were done at baseline and on-treatment and results are presented separately. Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled and 26 were evaluable. Two patients were excluded from analysis for eligibility reason and consent withdrawal. Median age of pts was 56 years (range 23-73). Most patients (85%) were of Chinese ethnicity and 19 patients (73%) were male. The median number of cycles received was 4. Three patients remain on treatment. Twenty-one patients (81%) experienced any grade treatment-related adverse events (trAE). Common trAEs were maculopapular rash (n=8; 31%) and hypothyroidism (n=8; 31%). Three pts (11%) required treatment discontinuation due to grade 3/4 AE, including pneumonitis and myasthenia gravis. In stage one, of 15 pts recruited, 7 reported BOR of PR (47%) and another 11 patients were recruited into stage two. In total, 8 out of 26 patients achieved PR (BOR 31%; 95% CI 14.3% to 51.8%). Median duration of response (DOR) was 5.9 mths (95% CI 3.9 to 9.0). With a median follow up of 10.6 mths, median PFS was 5.3 mths (95% CI 2.8 to 6.4). Of EBVlo pts, 8 experienced a PR (53%; 95% CI 26.6% to 78.7%). No responses were observed in EBVhi pts. EBVlo pts had a median PFS of 6.8 mths (95% CI 2.8 to 10.4) compared to EBVhi 2.7 mths (95% CI 1.7 to 5.2). Conclusions: Dual PD-1/CTLA4 blockade is safe and feasible in NPC, achieving durable responses in pts with lower plasma EBV DNA. Efficacy was comparable to that seen in other solid tumors using this combination. The trial has been expanded to further study efficacy of this combination in NPC. Citation Format: Darren Wan-Teck Lim, Quan Sing Ng, Ruey-Long Hong, Daniel S. Tan, Eng-Huat Tan, Boon-Cher Goh, Wan Ling Tan, Stella Li-Li Chan, Sze-Huey Tan, Hsiang-Fong Kao, Gopalakishna N. Iyer, Mei-Kim Ang. A phase II trial of ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab in EBV-associated advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCT03097939) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr CT203.


We discuss the BCS-like descriptions of the finite temperature s-wave superconductivity in the two-component anyon gas, and show that in the content of the BCS theory the long range gauge force can not be renormalized at the finite temperature T ≠ 0, and this singularity is inherent and can not be overcome by adding other interactions of any form. We attribute this to the fake vortex excitations, and show that an elementary excitation over the supercondutive s-wave ground state in the two-component anyon gas is always in company with the excitation of a fake vortex. The finite temperature superconductivity in the two-component anyon gas is similar with the two-dimensional superfluid. There are two KT phase transitions.


In this work, we focus on tin oxo cages as model photoresists and investigate their photoreaction mechanism under EUV (13.5 nm) and DUV (225 nm) exposure. Sn-containing photoresists have attracted attention for EUV lithography because of their high photon absorption cross section at EUV (92 eV, 13.5 nm). We use different X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies combined with mass spectrometry methods to investigate the photon-induced chemistry in the photoresist films. To study primary reactions between EUV photons and the tin oxo cages, photoelectron spectrum with photon energies of 60, 92 120 and 150 eV were measured. This experimentally confirms the high contribution of tin atoms to the photoionization cross section of the tin oxo cages at 92 eV. Further chemical changes under EUV exposure were also investigated/identified by in-situ and ex-situ measurements such as XPS, time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and resist outgassing measurements. The formation of carbonyl bonds was detected in both in-situ and ex-situ measurement. The EUV induced species were found to be very sensitive to a post-exposure bake step. The outgassing products butane, butene, octane and butanal are detected. Using these results, the chemical reaction mechanism that renders the solubility switch is proposed, making an additional comparison between EUV and DUV photochemistry and reaction yield. This work provides a model to understand the photon-photoresist interaction.


Primary pulmonary Hodgkin's lymphoma (PPHL) is an extremely rare disease. The nonspecific clinical and radiological features render the diagnosis a great challenge. Here, we present a case of PPHL mimicking rheumatoid arthritis‐associated organizing pneumonia.


Prediction of wave propagation parameters through an aerosol medium such as scattering and absorption coefficients and scattering phase function is possible if the particulate size distribution is known. In this paper an effort is made to relate the desert particulate size distribution parameters to simple meteorological parameters. All of the size distribution curves showed clear `knees' in their characteristic indicating that the source of the particles is more than one. The particulate size distributions were well fitted to a Trimodal log normal distribution. This good agreement suggests that the particulate size distribution is composed from three separate sources. The first and second sources are due to the local particles which exist in the location of the measurement, contributing to the smaller radii of the size distribution. The third source is large particles which are transferred from large deserts like the Sahara desert by dust carrying winds. These particles contribute to the larger radii end of the distribution. The size distribution parameters were related to meteorological parameters. The most dominant parameter was relative humidity. Using this model it should be possible to predict the particulate size distribution from meteorological data. Prediction of particulate size distribution allows the prediction of aerosol Modulation Transfer Function which is crucial in the prediction of image quality propagating through aerosols.


SP binary composite system can reduce the interfacial tension, has good viscoelasticity, and has similar displacement effect with ASP ternary composite system. In addition, the scaling formation can be weaken because it does not contain alkali. Therefore, it plays a important role in guiding the formulas of SP binary composite system and designing the injection scheme to evaluate the main performance and oil displacement effect of SP binary composite system. Experiments on the main performance evaluation, microscopic simulation model for oil displacement and oil displacement in cores have been carried in this paper, which is intended for the new type of surfactant (HLX-BO1 type)/polymer binary complex system which is applied in SP binary composite flooding test block of Daqing oil field. The emulsification property, adsorption characteristics, stability and rheological property of the SP binary composite system have been evaluated. The oil displacement effect of polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, and SP binary composite flooding have been analyzed in this paper. The evaluation experimental research on SP binary complex system performance shows that: 1The binary composite system has good viscosity stability and interfacial tension stability. 2the emulsification time and emulsification degree both increase With the increasing of surfactant concentration. 3The higher oil content in the oil sand, the greater the surfactant adsorption capacity. 4The concentration of surfactant has less affect on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution, while alkali has greater influence on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution. The oil displacement experimental research on SP binary system shows that the oil displacement effect of SP binary system is significantly better than that of the unitary system of polymer or surfactant alone. The oil displacement effect is well whether SP system is flooded after water flooding or polymer flooding. The average enhanced oil recovery rates of artificial cores in the oil displacement experiment are 17.5% and 10.10% respectively. The average enhanced oil recovery rate of natural cores in the oil displacement experiment after polymer flooding is 9.5%.


The laser‐induced fluorescence spectrum in ICl of the (2'–0') vibrational band in the B 3Π0+–X 1Σ+ electronic system has been measured as a function of the electric field strength up to 32.5 kV/cm. Field‐induced intensity measurements on I35Cl have been used to determine the magnitude and sign of the electric dipole moment μB in the B state relative to the magnitude and sign of the moment μX in the X state. From the intensity ratio of the field‐induced line Q(0) to the allowed Stark component P(1,0), which has the same upper state, it was found that μB/μX=+(0.888±0.051). The positive sign indicates that the polarity is the same in the B and the X states. Intensity ratio measurements for Q(0) to R(5) and for Q(1) to R(5) yield similar (but less precise) results. In order to test this first application of the method to excited electronic states, Stark shift measurements were carried out on a number of P‐branch Stark components. It was found for I35Cl that ‖μB/μX‖=(0.8984±0.0036), in good agreement with the ...


Hot magnon sidebands associated with 3 ~ 2 g --+I Tzg(a) and 3 ~ 2 g -+ ' ~ ~ ~ ( b ) absorption bands of Ni2+ are investigated for 3D antiferromagnet CsNiF3 (TN= 2.61 K). Presence of 1D ferromagnetic spin coupling along hexagonal c-axis is confirmed from temperature dependence of these intensities. In CsNiF3, the ferromagnetic spin coupling between the ~ i ' + ions along oaxis is much stronger than the antiferromagnetic coupling along a and b axes of the hexagonal lattice. Thus CsNiF3 behaves as an easy plane one-dimensional (ID) ferromagnet with a ferromagnetic ochain above 2.61 K. Below TN (= 2.61 K) , the weak interchain coupling gives rise to a 3D antiferromagnetic spin ordering [l, 21. The present work was undertaken to clarify the influence of 1D ferromagnetism on the optical absorption measurements. Magnon sidebands are known to reflect directly the dimensionality of magnetic coupling: for example, hot magnon sideband (called hot band hereafter) shows a different temperature dependence among ID, 2D and 3D magnets [3]. A hot band in CsNiF3 has been observed at 484.3 nm on a ~ i ' + absorption band due to spin forbidden 3 ~ 2 g + 'TZ~ (a) transition. Previously we showed that the 484.3 nm band (called A band) increases its intensity linearly with increasing temperature in the 2.6-8.0 K region but the detailed investigation has not been done above 8 K [4]. In addition to the A band, a series of weak temperature (T) sensitive hot bands, which are located close to each other, are observed in another spin forbidden 3 ~ 2 g -) 'TZ~ ( b ) absorption band 15, 61. The spin forbidden band appears between two broad, strong and non-structured doubleexciton bands as shown in figure 1: one is a band due to 3 ~ 2 g +3 Azg + ' E ~ +' Eg transition with a peak around 310 nm, while the other due to 3 ~ ~ g +3 Az -) 'E, +' Tz9 (a) transition with a broad peak around 260 nm. At least five weak, T-sensitive bands are observed (Fig. 1). Of them, the peaks of relatively strong bands are at 291.1, 194.4, 297.8 and 301.6 nm. Their Tdependence is quite similar to each other. In figure 2 is shown the T-dependence of the 297.8 nm band together with that of the A band. The A band increases linearly with increasing T in the low T region but it slightly deviates from linearity from about 10 K. As the case of the A band, the 297.8 nm band grows rapidly in the low T region, approximately in proportion to Fig. 1. Absorption spectrum, measured with unpolarized light at 21 K, of CsNiF3 in 250-360 nm region. Inset shows temperature variation of absorption bands appearing in 285-310 nm region. Arrow shows a peak position of the 297.8 nm band. T, but its growth becomes slow from about 30 K and tends to saturate in the high T region. Our data on the 297.8 nm band are consistent with a Petit's resuIt on the 294.4 nm band [6]. Ebara and Tanabe ([7], hereafter referred to as ET) obtained the T-dependence of hot band in 1D ferromagnets and antiferromagnets using a classical spin approximation for the calculation of spin correlation functions. We calculated a theoretical T-dependence of hot band in 1D ferromagnet for CsNiF3 using the ET method, which is shown in figures 2a and 2b, and compared it with the experiments. In the calculation we used S = 1 and J = 7.99 cm-' as the magnitude of spin and the ferromagnetic spin exchange constant, respectively. P ~ e a e n t addi-ess: Physics Department, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603, Japan. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19888664 C8 1448 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE other and being superimposed on the strong double exciton bands. The intensity of hot band has been observed to deviate from the T-linearity below TN because the appearance of 3D antiferromagnetic spin order 141. Taking into account this point, it is suggested that the agreement between calculated and experimental results for the hot band above TN confirms the nature of the o p tical transitions and the validity of the ET calculation which is done for 1D spin system ,with ferromagnetic short range interaction, i.e. the presence of 1D ferromagnetic spin coupling in CsNiF3. Fig. 2. (a) Temperature (T) dependence of the A band area (open circles) and a theoretical T-dependence curve of hot band in 1D ferromagnet. Both are normalized at 20 K. (b) T-dependence of the 297.8 nm band area (open circles). Continuous line is a theoretical curve, while closed circles and broken line (drawn by eyes) data obtained by Petit [6]. All intensities are normalized at 40 K. A good agreement between the experiment and theoretical curve is obtained both for the A and highenergy bands in a wide T region as seen in figure 2. A slight disagreement, however, is observed below 30 K in figure 2b, probably because the exact intensities are difficult to estimate, the bands overlapping with each [I] Steiner, M. and Kjems, J. K., J. Phys. C 10 (1979) 2665. [2] Tsuboi, T. and Laiho, R., Phys. Rev. B 32 (1985) 1673. [3] Tsuboi, T., Phys. Lett. A 102; (1984) 138. [4] Laiho, R. and Tsuboi, T., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57 (1986) 1265. [5] Petit, R. H., Ferre, J. and IVouet, J., Physica B 86-88 (1977) 1213. [6] Petit, R. H., Thesis, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie (1974). [7] Ebara, K. and Tanabe, Y., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 36 (1974) 93.


Multiple target tracking is one of the great challenges faced by the computer vision community in last years. This paper presents a solution developed in order to track bats in a clutter environment to account the population of their colony. The algorithm is able to start detections, treat wrong or lost detections and process the detections in progress. Tracked targets have their next state estimated by Kalman Filter usage. As new measurements are performed, the algorithm can identify which of them are considered noise, which are new targets and which are new states of a previously detected target. A 3D viewer was also implemented in order to help the analysis of the tracked flights by researchers in areas like biodiversity and biology. The aim of this paper is to present the operation of the developed system, collaborate with other researchers working with tracking of multiple objects and make society aware of the importance of preserving the environment, exposing some of the consequences of changing its natural characteristics. The proposed algorithm showed amazing results in the test stages, reaching to overcome the current state of the art.


Shizitou,Wucijiao and Nanqiang No.1 are superior varieties selected from Zanthoxylum bungeanum population in a joint survey and experiment by Shaanxi provincial Forestry Technical Extension Station and Hancheng Municipal Research Institute of Z.Bungeanum.They possess the characteristics of high-yield,good-quality and easy collection of fruits(no prickles of differential ripening period),etc.


The distinction between legal and political disputes in international adjudication has long been the subject of debate and as yet evades conclusive analytical criterion. This article first examines the two traditional theories on this topic, the theory of "applicable rules" and the theory of "intent of state". Based on the fact that neither traditional theory offers a clear boundary between legal and political disputes, the author, after analyzing the practice of international adjudication, concludes that a complicated dispute always contains both legal and political aspects, the distinction of which is not absolute. The identification of a "legal dispute" does not simply depend on the nature of the dispute submitted to the court, nor does it rely solely on the subjective intent of the states concerned. It is a highly technical process completed by the participation of both the court and states to the dispute.


In this paper, the power gain, power-added efficiency (PAE) and linearity of power SiGe heterojunction-bipolar transistors at various temperatures have been presented. The power characteristics were measured using a two-tone load-pull system. For transistors biased with fixed base voltage, the small-signal power gain and PAE of the devices increase with increasing temperature at low base voltages, while they decrease at high base voltages. Besides, the linearity is improved at high temperature for all voltage biases. However, for devices with fixed collector current, the small-signal power gain, PAE, and linearity are nearly unchanged with temperature. The temperature dependence of power and linearity characteristics can be understood by analyzing the cutoff frequency, the collector current, Kirk effect and nonlinearities of transconductance at different temperatures.


Over the past 30 years, researchers and practitioners have discussed the importance of risk communication in solving disputes ranging from the public outcry regarding importing GMO foods from the United States to Europe, the siting of waste incinerators in many parts of Europe to the building a permanent high level nuclear waste facility in the United States. In this paper the history of risk communication is discussed, focusing particularly on the importance of the social amplification of risk and trust. This is followed by a detailed discussion on trust as it relates to public perception of risk, where it is argued that trust is composed of three variables. The third section covers the theoretical debate of how to best deal with the decline in public trust. This is followed by a short analysis in which it is concluded that there is no simple solution to increasing public trust (and thereby assuring greater risk communication successes).


A tribute to the life and work of Leslie Gunawardana, the Sri Lankan historian, who oversaw a paradigm shift in ancient history of Sri Lanka. For me Leslie Gunawardana was one of the truly…


Emerging strong even during the scariest phase of global financial meltdown, India has become one of the favorite investment destinations for the foreign investors across the globe. The investment scenario in India is getting better and better due to high confidence level of the investors. Today, India is considered the 4th biggest economy in the world. Its impressive GDP rate, especially in the field of purchasing power, has catapulted it to second position among all the developing nations. By 2025 the Indian economy is projected to be about 60% of the size of the US economy. The transformation into a tri- polar economy will be complete by 2035, with the Indian economy only a little smaller that the US economy but larger than that of Western Europe. By 2035 India is likely to be a larger growth driver than the six largest countries in the EU though its impact will be a little over half that of the US. India which is now the fourth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, will overtake Japan and become third major economic power within 10 years. Success in investing in India will depend upon the following factors - 1. Accurate estimation or at least feasible estimation of the India's potential 2. Proper risk assessment while investing in India 3. Proper understanding of the India financial system 4. Careful strategic planning backed by thorough research on investment industry.


The object of the work described was to obtain information about the stresses in stiffened plastic bars. Tests were carried out under tension on a composite bar with a circular hole, and under bending, on a composite bar with a semicircular notch. The bars were of epoxy resin stiffened with duralumin strips. Graphs were obtained from which the stress-concentration factors of the stiffened models may be deduced from those in similar unstiffened models.


: This paper deals with the determination of the transmission error in spiral bevel gears and its minimization using tooth profile modification in order to reduce noise and vibration of transmission systems. Gears are the primary source of vibrations transmitted through the shaft and bearings to the gearbox housing and adjacent surfaces that emit noise to the surroundings. To increase the level of comfort and due to the legislative requirements, increasing emphasis is being placed on reducing the noise and vibrations of machine components, including transmission systems. This leads to the need to identify noise sources and evaluate them in terms of expected acoustic performance. The quality of the gear meshing can be evaluated by transmission error that is closely related to the noise and vibrations. To evaluate the quality of gears based on transmission error, experimental approaches are used that are costly and require quality equipment. Therefore, it is efficient to determine expected transmission error already at the design stage using numerical methods. In the presented paper, FEM software ANSYS is used for numerical simulation of the spiral bevel gear mesh and the obtained results were used to study the effect of tooth profile modifications on the transmission error.


The approach to treatment of regionally recurrent or inoperable cancers has had its impetus from the dynamic and forwardthinking studies of Oscar Creech and his associates. 1-7 The most striking results have been obtained with melanomas of the extremities. 6,8,9 Other areas have also been explored by the perfusion technique, and although the results are not as spectacular as extremity perfusion, significant palliation has been obtained. Areas of interest available to regional perfusion, include the brain, head and neck, breast, lung, liver, abdomen, and pelvis. Many excellent recent reports have reviewed the approaches and methods of treatment of these various areas. 1,3-5,10-12 The results, in terms of palliation, in most of these areas have been gratifying, as reported. It is our purpose here to describe our approach to the regional perfusion of the pelvis. Applicable tumors, indications for perfusion and techniques of perfusion, choice of agent used, complications, and results


The notion of Cohen-Macaulay approximations was introduced by Auslander and Buchweitz, and was studied widely [1]. In the case of commutative complete Cohen-Macaulay local rings, there exist minimal CM-approximations of all finitely generated modules. Then invariant theory with respect to this approximations was studied by several authors. Also, Hashimoto and Shida showed the existence of minimal ones without complteteness of rings [4]. In non-commutative ring theory, we studied the relation between duality for derived categories and CMapproximations, and studied cotilting bimodules of finite injective dimension as the non-commutative ring version of dualizing modules [6]. Also, we gave the condition of categories for the existence of minimal ones. In this note, we study approximations in case of Noetherian algebras. First, we study the case that modules of infinite injective dimension induce the theory of CM-approximations. In the case of commutative ring , by [3] and [5],


1 TAFI ZYMOGEN: AN ACTIVE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE Zuzana Valnickova 1 , Ida B. Thøgersen 1 , Jan Potempa 2,3 and Jan J. Enghild 1 * From the 1 Center for Insoluble Protein Structure (inSPIN) at the Department of Molecular Biology, Science Park, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Running title: proTAFI is an active carboxypeptidase Address correspondence to: Jan J. Enghild, Dept. of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wied's Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Phone: +45 8942 5062. e-mail: email@example.com


Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease. Diabetes the global epidemic is rapidly increasing at an alarming rate. Developing countries like India will harbour majority of diabetic people by the year 2030. Diabetic foot are complex, chronic wounds, which have a major long-term impact on the morbidity, mortality and quality of patients' lives. Methods: Hospital based prospective study. From August 2015 to July 2016. 50 patients reporting to the General Surgery department within study duration and eligible as per inclusion criteria will be included in the study. Results: In present study, maximum 52% patients belonged to age group was 51-70 years followed by 13 (26%) in 31-50 age group. In present study most common complication of diabetes was cellulitis (32%) and least common complication was abscess (18%). In this study, most common lesion was right dorsum of foot 11 (22%) followed by left toe 7 (14%). Maximum 30% patients were treated through debridement of diabetic foot whereas 20% patients received slough excision, dressing and skin graft and toe amputation as treatment modality. 18% patients were treated by I and D. Amputation was the least used treatment modality. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease and diabetic foot complications can be life threatening, physically incapacitating, costly to treat and result in extensive morbidity.


Cold forging is probably the most representative among the net-shape forming techniques which are considered the key technology in order to produces finished components. For this reason it is object of great industrial interest. Cold forged parts are utilized in many industries encompassing: domestic products, aerospace, electronics, automotive and the latter represents the greatest market leading the demand increasing since the last decade. Cold forging is capable for complex geometry and high dimensional accuracy and is indicated especially for large production batches of small parts. Some of its main advantages are here summarized as follows: net shape, high accuracy, improved material strength due to strain hardening, minimum waste material, high production capacity and elevated automation.
Cold forged components of small dimensions are usually produced by means of horizontal progressive headers, in which the material is progressively shaped through subsequent deformations starting from wire coils. At the process beginning it is pushed inside the forging area by means of feeding rolls. The first operation is the billet cropping process which is devoted to prepare a slug characterized by the proper volume. This is then moved towards the first forging station in which the deformation sequence begins. All the component movements through the forging area are controlled by means of a mechanical transfer system synchronized with respect to the forging blows.
It is then evident that from a general point of view the high quality characterizing cold forged components may be directly related to the heredity of the initial billet. In particular for mini- and micro- components the cropping process become critical since it strongly affects the billet volume and its properties, in terms of geometrical distortion and strain hardening homogeneity. All these features may affect the final result determining unwanted defects. In fact many factors affect the cropping process and although general guidelines are available, as soon as new materials or sequences are adopted, its optimization and the analysis of how it affects the forged part is still based on trials and experience.
On the basis of these remarks the main objective of this thesis is the development of a calibrated numerical model of the billet cropping process as reliable tool to be integrated in the whole forging sequence simulation.
An experimental billet cropping device was developed with the aim to analyze how the stress state affects the material separation mechanisms. Afterward its effect on billet microstructure was investigated. On the basis of these results the fundamental role of the deviatoric stress component was recognized. As consequence a proper experimental campaign for material workability investigation was carried out through tensile and torsion testing techniques. The obtained data were then used in order to model material workability on as function of the acting stress state. In particular the effect of deviatoric stress component was modeled according to the Tresca failure criterion. This approach led to the development of the material fracture locus which was subsequently implemented in the FE model of the cropping process. To this aim a linear damage accumulation counter was used.
The proposed approach was then validated with particular emphasis on the prediction of the fracture propagation path of the cropped billet surface. In the final part of the work the effect of the integration of the billet cropping model in a cold forging sequence simulation is presented and discussed.


This paper describes the execution and analysis of an experiment carried out to assess the impact of providing binaural 3D sound guidance during a search task within a virtual reality environment. The experiment compared guidance by full binaural 3D sound to guidance provided by a sound whose intensity (equal in both ears) decreases as the straight-line distance from the sound source increases. The results of the experiments with 8 human subjects reveal that providing full binaural 3D sound guidance resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the time required to complete the search task. Keywords—Virtual Reality, Binaural Sound, 3D Sound, Oculus Rift, Maze, Search, Navigation.


. In this paper, the Fine-Tuned Transformes for Ontology matching (Fine-TOM) matching system is presented along with the results it achieved during its first participation in the Ontology Alingment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) campaign (2021). The system uses the publicly available albert-base-v2 model, which has been fine-tuned with a training dataset that includes 20% of each reference alignment from the Anatomy , Conference , and Knowledge Graph track, as well as a wide variety of generated false examples. The model is then used by a separate matching pipeline which calculates a confidence score for each correspondence. In the submitted docker container, only the matching pipeline with an already fine-tuned model is included. 3


Introduction:
 Approximately 33% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have an indication for long-term anticoagulation. In clinical routine, anticoagulation is often discontinued 2 to 4 days before TAVR. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of TAVR in patients with per-procedural continuation vs interruption of anticoagulation.

 Methods:
 An electronic search was performed using PubMed and Ovid Medline from inception to May 2022. The primary outcome of interest was life-threatening or major bleeding. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, stroke, vascular complications, need for blood transfusion, and closure device failure.

 Results:
 Three observational studies were included in our final analysis which consisted of 2,286 patients, with anticoagulation being continued in 1,069 patients and interrupted in 1,217 patients. Although, there was no significant difference in our primary outcome of life-threatening or major bleeding between both groups, there was a trend toward decreased risk of bleeding in patients who were continued on anticoagulation (RR: 0.81; CI: 0.65 to 1.0; I
 2
 : 0%, p=0.05). There was a significantly lower risk of stroke (RR: 0.55; CI: 0.35 to 0.88; I
 2
 : 0%, p=0.01) and need for blood transfusion (RR: 0.72; CI: 0.59 to 0.87; I
 2
 : 0%, p<0.01) in patients who were continued on anticoagulation as compared to those in whom anticoagulation was interrupted. There was no significant difference in the all-cause mortality (RR: 0.76; CI: 0.49 to 1.19; I
 2
 : 10%, p=0.24), major vascular complications (RR: 0.86; CI: 0.68 to 1.09; I
 2
 : 0%, p=0.22), or closure device failure (RR: 0.90; CI: 0.51 to 1.59; I
 2
 : 0%, p=0.72) between both the cohorts.

 Conclusions:
 In a patient undergoing TAVR who requires long-term anticoagulation, continuing anticoagulation is superior to interrupting anticoagulation in reducing the risk of stroke without any increase in life-threatening or major bleeding.


In the article the chemical composition of acid tars, formed in the process of sulphide cleaning oil fractions crude oils is considered. This article reviews the basic methods of processing and disposal of acid tars in the period 1940-2006 years, methods of their use as secondary raw material patented in the Russian Federation are given.


The properties of a conduction electron in a ferromagnetic crystal (magnetic polaron) have been investigated. The magnetic spins are treated within the idealized boson representation. At absolute zero a large number of terms in the perturbation expansion are zero and the remainder can be summed exactly. For strong coupling it is demonstrated that, for certain total spin states, slight narrowing of the conduction electron bandwidth can occur. This narrowing depends on the magnitude of the atomic spin in the form of a factor 2s/2s+1.


Focusing on the requirements of high-performance communication in cluster system,a high speed communication protocol based on MAC packets is proposed. The protocol improves the transmission sufficiently. Special data processing chips which be used to implement RSA and symmetric cryptographic algorithm respectively are adopted in the cluster nodes,thus provides high performance in data encryption and decryption.


The editors of this volume assess the contact hypothesis in situations of intergroup encounter, and present an incisive and realistic picture of social psychological contributions to the reduction of conflict. The situations which they evaluate include: Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; Jews and Arabs in Israel; blacks and whites in Britain and the United States.


Structures of Sterically Overcrowded and Charge-Perturbated Molecules, 51[1,2]. - Oxidative Decomposition of Tetra-isopropyltetrazene: Isolation and Single-Crystal Structures of the Radical Cation Salt [((H3C)2HC)2N-N=⊕N-N(CH-(CH3)2)2](SbCl⊖) and of the N2 Elimination Product [(H3C)2HC-HN+=C(CH3)2](SbCl⊖)

The single-electron oxidation of tetraisopropyltetrazene by the advantageous, oxygen-free SbCl5/H2CCl2 redox system yields dark-red crystals of tetraisopropyltetrazenium hexachloroantimonate. Their structure determination at temperatures of 100, 200, and 293 K, the first one of a 2-tetrazene radical cation, proves a planar skeleton C2N-N=N-NC2⊕ with nearly identical NN bond lengths. The reaction of tetraisopropyltetrazene with surplus SbCl5 yields the N2 elimination product isopropylisopropylideneammonium hexachloroantimonate, which also has been crystallized and structurally characterized. Due to the conformation of the C3 subunits perpendicular to each other, the cation (H3C)2HC-HN⊖ =C(CH3)2 is extremely overcrowded as demonstrated by an angle CNC of 129°. In addition, the thermal decomposition of tetraisopropyltetrazene in the gasphase has been analyzed PE-spectroscopically, its first and second oxidation potentials have been determined cyclovoltammetrically, and the ESR signal pattern of its radical cation in solution has been recorded and assigned. Based on the experimental data, a possible pathway for the oxidative decomposition of the title compound is discussed.


PURPOSE: We describe a new technique for the treatment of painful instability of the distal ulna after Darrach procedure using an allograft as a mechanical interposition. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the results of this technique. Methods: In this study we report on 17 patients who underwent revision of their Darrach procedure using an allograft (human Achilles tendon allograft). The average age of the patients was 47 years (range 39–68) and the average time after the original procedure was 15 months. The indication for the revision surgery in all patients was incapacitating pain over the distal stump of the ulna which increased during pronation or supination and with active grip. Pain was assessed using a VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. All patients had instability of the distal ulna, and crepitus or palpable "clicking" during forearm rotation. Radiographs of all patients demonstrated erosion of the medial cortex of the radius, indicating impingment. Technique: 2 or 3 suture anchors were placed into the medial cortex of the radius, proximal to the sigmoid notch where the impingment occurred. An adequate amount of the allograft was then sutured into an anchovy. The size of the allograft was determined by pronating and supinating the involved forearm with pressure applied to the ulnar aspect of the ulna to assess crepitus. Sutures were placed through the allograft, creating a pillow-shaped spacer. Two or three drill holes were then placed into the distal ulna for fixation of the allograft to the ulna. With final allograft placement there should be significant padding between the radius and the ulna to prevent any palpable crepitus during forearm rotation under compression. Results: After an average follow-up time of 34 months all patients were re-evaluated by subjective assessment, range of motion, grip strength, pain relief and radiographs. We report 16 patients with good and excellent results and 1 patient with persistent complaints (our first patient). There were no radiographic changes noted. Conclusions: The use of an allograft as a mechanical interposition between the radius and the ulna has not been described previously. With this technique there is no need for a metallic prosthesis and as much bulk graft as necessary is obtainable. We believe that this technique is an excellent alternative to metal arthroplasty for reconstruction of difficult cases of failed distal ulna resection.


The formation of solid-solid dispersion of tretinoin which is insoluble in water into water soluble carrier PEG, might accelerate solubility and dissolution rate. The objectives of this study were to obtain dissolution profile and physical properties of Tretinoin-PEG solid dispersion which was prepared by solventfusion method, to obtain the composition of Tretinoin and PEG in which produce solid dispersion with optimum dissolution rate and to obtain the composition of Tretinoin-PEG, which produce an interstitial solid-solid solution. Solvent fusion method at low temperature was choosen to prepare the solid dispersion system. The physical state of formed solid dispersion was determined by X-Ray diffractometer. To unveil the information about the solubility and dissolution rate of tretinoin, a test toward the dissolution rate of tretinoin was performed into the dissolution medium phosphate buffer. The X-Ray diffractogram of tretinoin-PEG solid dispersion in all composition indicated that tretinoin hasformed a molecular dispersion in the PEG crystals in all composition. In solid dispersion was obtained by solvent-fusion method in molecular or in solid-solid solution. Dissolution efficiency (DE) value prooved that molecular dispersion of tretinoin-PEG could increase the dissolution rate of tretinoin. Thus it could concluded that in comparison to the tretinoin and its physical mixture, the solid dispersion of tretinoin-PEG led the higher dissolution rate and the optimum rate was achieved by composition of 1=100 with DE value = 74. Key words : Tretinoin, PEG, Solid Dispersion, Dissolution Rate


The characteristics, laws and mechanism of the lateral displacement of the underground continuous wall of a subway station of (excavation depth of 17.6 m) in a deep paleochannel area with a relatively large thickness of soft clay (up to 40 m) in Shanghai are introduced. The ratio of the maximum lateral displacement of the diaphragm wall to the excavation depth is 0.17% to 0.46%. Between the excavation and the excavation to 12 m, the displacement increased significantly, exceeding the alarm value (0.4%), showing signs of kicking. The ratio of the maximum lateral displacement to the excavation depth is much smaller than the empirical correlation based on the Terzaghi's safety factor of base heave. In addition, the comparison with the design results shows that the lateral displacement of the diaphragm wall given by the design is smaller, which may be related to the selection of the lateral bed coefficient of soft soil. The project case shows that the lateral deformation of the foundation pit of the metro station in the deep soft soil area is large, but the results from the design calculation and theoretical analysis are quite different. Therefore, the lateral direction of the foundation pit of the deep soft soil layer metro station should be emphasized to improve the reliability of design parameters' (such as lateral bed coefficients) calculations.


With the help of commercial software NUMECA/Design3D,the optimization design of a three dimensional blade profile was carried out for a transonic compressor blade.And it is based on the method consists of three dimensiona Navier-Stokes flow computation,mesh generation automatically,three dimensional blade section parameterization and genetic algorithm.The optimization objective is minmum the overall pressure loss,as wall as keeping the mass flow rate and overall pressure rate not decreasing.Comparing with the baseline design,the optimized solution decreased the total pressure loss greatly,as a result of increasing the isentropic efficiency by 1.285%.At the same time, the mass flow rate and overall pressure rate has improved.Our numerical results show that the gain in aerodynamic performance of resulted designs is largely attributed to the reduction in losses due to shocks and flow separations.


The region's proximity to the United States provides us with the first and most obvious reason that Latin America should be included in the international education program. In fact, many of the other reasons for the importance of this region stem from the proximity of much of Latin America to the United States. This geographic closeness affectss U.S. culture, economics, politics, and population.


Classification of software defects is an important task to know the type of defects. It helps to prioritize the defects, to understand the cause of defects for improving the process of software defect management system by taking the appropriate action. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of naïve Bayes, support vector machine, k nearest neighbor, random forest, and decision tree machine learning algorithm to classify the software defect based on orthogonal defect classification by selecting the relevant features using chi-square score. Standard metrics accuracy, precision, and recall are calculated separately for Cassandra, HBase, and MongoDB datasets. The proposed method improves the existing approach in terms of accuracy by 5%, 20%, 6%, 27%, and 26% for activity, defect impact, target, type, and qualifier respectively, and shows the enhanced performance.


This article is a plea for 'an ethics of writing'.  In a first section, the authors point to the power of writing, drawing on Martin's recent study of the nature and the power of writing and Thiel's study of the vocational responsibility of theologians in modernity, seeing themselves primarily as 'authors'.  In a second section, they appeal to recent rhetorical theories that also underscore the importance of questions like who writes for whom and why.  In a third section, the social function of writing is further discussed with reference to Gregory Clark's instructive study on dialogue, dialectic and conversation.  In a final paragraph, the necessity of an ethics of writing is proposed.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous studies that have assessed patient awareness of the management of sickle cell disease (SCD) indicated a lack of awareness of the disease and possibly a need for ...