Study of ancient rocky shores is an area of study much neglected by geologists and paleontologists, because it is widely believed fossil rocky shores are poorly preserved in the geological record. A survey of the literature demonstrates that such study has great potential for practical problem solving in related areas of paleogeography, fades analysis, sea-level studies, regional tectonics, paleobiology, and community evolution. Recent years have shown a modest increase in the number of published articles in which ancient rocky shores are reported. Examples now are known from nearly all geologic time periods. These trends suggest that the subfield of ancient-rocky-shore studies is going through a formative process, with expectations for major thematic contributions. Although original and present exposure are limiting factors, many unconformities are untapped sources of primary data on ancient rocky shores. Data have been slow to accumulate because unconformities typically are seen in cross section, the sc...


Historically, back end of line (BEOL) or interconnect resistance and capacitance have been viewed as parasitic components. They have now become key parameters with significant impact on circuit performance and signal integrity. This paper examines the types of BEOL variations and their impact on RC extraction. The importance of modeling systematic effects in RC extraction is discussed. The need for minimizing the computational error in RC extraction before incorporating random process variations is emphasized.


A customer satisfaction survey was developed from six focus groups sessions. The areas identified for analysis included price, quality, stock available, variety, and customer service. Analysis of the survey indicated that the price was the most sensitive issue. Quality of food rated well while there was some dissatisfaction with our variety of entrees, grill items, and soups. The amount of food in stock was satisfactory. Customer service ratings were high. This instrument can be used again to identify incremental changes in satisfaction levels as perceived by the customer.


Zuckerwar and Griffin [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 218–226 (1980)] have recently used a resonance tube to extend measurements of sound absorption in N2/CO2 mixtures to much lower frequency to pressure ratios (f/p) than previously obtained. Their results, when compared with previous measurements at higher CO2 concentrations, confirm that the nitrogen relaxes by a series process involving two v–v and one v–t exchange. A value of 7.5×10+4±10% s−1 atm−1 for the rate of the reaction CO2(00 °1)+N2?CO2(0310)+N2+416 cm−1 is obtained.


We have demonstrated that a negative four‐terminal longitudinal resistance may be measured in a mesoscopic wire with a long electron mean free path. This is a geometrical effect which arises when the voltage probes nearest to the current source are shadowed in such a way that direct ballistic transport of electrons into these probes is not possible. A billiard ball model is used to simulate the magnetoresistance of the fabricated wires and the effects of diffuse boundary scattering and random impurity scattering are used to give a good explanation of our measurements.


Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) leaf extract was subjected for investigation of its antimicrobial property against four bacterial species (E. coli, Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp.). The results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles solution very much justify the color change property from initial light yellow to final reddish brown during the synthesis producing a characteristics absorption peak in the range of 434-466 nm. As antimicrobial agents, their efficacy was evaluated by analysis of variance in between the species and among the different concentration of AgNPs solution, which clearly showed that there was significant variation in the antibiotic property between the four different concentrations of AgNPs solution and also among four different species of bacteria taken under studies. However, silver nanoparticles solution of 1: 9 and 1:4 were proved comparatively more efficient as antimicrobial agents against four species of bacteria.


We introduce some differences in the style defeasible information is represented and inferences are made in nonmonotonic reasoning. These, at first sight harmless, changes, in fact, helped us to discover a very important principle guiding how inferences should be drawn in nonmonotonic reasoning, we name it the exception-first principle or EFP. DLEF is our own variant for default logic complying with EFP. We also show alternative definitions for Reiter's default logics and its justified and constrained variants within our framework. DLEF does not produce anomalous extensions where the other default logics do. Restricted to the language of general logic programs, DLEF, Reiter's default logic and answer set programming all coincide. This explains why ASP is appointed as a solution to the anomalous extensions problem, ASP complies with EFP.


Objective To explore ultrasonographic changes of peripheral nerve caused by chronic compression in different time and the relationship between compression time and pathological changes. Methods A total of 20 rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. One group was selected as control group( n =4), only having nerves been separated without compression, the other four groups were selected as 2 weeks group, 4 weeks group, 6 weeks group, 8 weeks group after the nerves had been compressed for 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks, respectively. The sonographic characteristics and changes of sciatic nerve in rabbits were observed for each group respectively after compression was relieved. The diameter, continuity, outer membrane and internal echo of sciatic nerve were observed using ultrasonography. Motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV) of sciatic nerves were detected using evoked potential instrument. Results No obvious changes were observed in control group on sonographic characteristics and pathological feathers. With the extended compression, the inner diameters of the compressed section and the two terminals were gradually thicken, internal echo of nerves decreased gradually, internal linear echo of nerves was poor continuity and epineurium was gradually thicken. The tissue morphology and pathological examination showed axon swelling and staged demyelination at varied degrees at the compression area of each group. Pathological changes were aggravating as the compression period extended. The obvious edema of myelin sheath axons and membrane fiber of nerve tract were shown in 2 weeks group. Myelin disintegrating, axonal degeneration and obviously generating connective tissue proliferation were found in other compression groups. Compared with control group, proximal and distal diameters of sciatic nerve in eachcompression group were enlarged. MNCV and SNCV decreased with prolonged compression time(P 0.05). With prolonged compression time, proximal and distal diameters of sciatic nerves in each compression group were enlarged and both compression ends of nerves were shown as tumor-like shapes. MNCV and SNCV were slowed with prolonged compression time. The diameters of sciatic nerves were negative correlated with MNCV and SNCV(r=-0.76,-0.69, P0.05). Conclusion Morphological and functional changes of the compressed nerve can be observed using ultrasonography. There is a positive correlation between compression injury degree and compression time. Compression releasing early is beneficial for regeneration and repair of injured nerves.


In this article, which is based on the principles of Pluridimensional and Relational Dialectology (RADTKE e THUN, 1996), we propose to reflect on the pronominal uses in four cities from the north region of Mato Grosso state (Vera, Santa Carmem, Sinop and Claudia) as well as in two teaching institutions: the University of Mato Grosso state (UNEMAT) and the state school Nossa Senhora da Gloria. Therefore, we used theoretical-methodological resources that allowed us to document the pronouns I and me which are being used in these spaces under analysis, highlighting the accurate look that we launched to the diatopic, diaphasic, diastratic, diageneric and diassexual dimensions. The seized results were transposed to tables, charts and cartograms. In sequence, we made analytical considerations about the pronominal preferences used in the north of Mato Grosso, which showed a greater use of the personal pronoun oblique me before the verb in the infinitive.


Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations. Diabetes during pregnancy is a risk factor for NTDs, but its mechanism remains elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that protein malonylation is involved in diabetes. Here, we report the correlation between histone lysine malonylation in diabetes‐induced NTDs.


Mining is an activity that changes shapes of the earth, including the open-pit mine activity
in Belitung district. One of the companies conducting the kaolin mining in Belitung district is PT Aneka Kaoline Utama. The kaolin mining activity done by PT Aneka Kaoline Utama uses an open-pit mining method. This open-pit mining method causes clear landform changes. In the post-mining activity, it is needed to run a land restoring through reclamation and revegetation. The areas that should be reclaimed in PT Aneka Kaoline Utama's kaolin mining for 5 years period are 5.8 hectares. The reclamation activity is conducted by tailing materials like sand (backfilling). The topsoil thickness that should be spread is 30 cm thick composed by a mixture of topsoil and sand as a cover. The revegetation space is 4 meters x 4 meters. Trees to be planted are acasia (Acasia mangium) and seruk (Schimawalichii Horth). The reclamation plan program of PT Aneka Kaoline Utama covers a 5 years period which has been started in 2015. The total volume of materials to be backfilled is 138.000 m3. The total volume of topsoil to be spread is 14.400 m3. The trees to be planted are 2.875 trees. There isn't any reclamation cost on first year due to no reclamation activity. On the second year, the cost is Rp.659.10.600. On the third year the cost is Rp.810.516.500. On the fourth year, the cost is Rp.995.610.300. On the fifth year, the cost is Rp.1.229.578.600. And on the sixth year, the cost is Rp.1.518.529.600. So, the total reclamation cost for a 5 years period is Rp.5.213.545.600.


A descriptive geometry method is presented to obtain the track of wire incision in processing the three dimensional cut.Firstly,the geometry model of the ring is determined,and the planes for wire moving are positioned and optimized by applying three basic views based on the principle of descriptive geometry.Then,the linear and angle dimension used for cutting are measured by means of computer scanning based on AutoCAD software.The results show that the maximum angle of plane P1 formed by moving Mo wire is 35° and the moving distance of Mo wire on next upright direction is 3.25mm for cutting the rest part of incision to obtain a perfect one.Secondly,the least minimum angle of plane P1 is 24° and the moving distance of Mo wire is 3.69mm to get a cut with satisfying intensity.It is concluded that the angle of plane P1 should be recommended between 24° and 35°,and the virtual process is acceptable in the wire incision technology because its absolute difference is less than 0.02mm,the relative does not more than 0.6%.


We propose a novel way of spreading data over multiple servers in Content Delivery Networks. Such approach provides a framework to explore trade-off between three key parameters of a content delivery network; namely, delay, storage size and communication cost. After presenting proper models for such trade-off, fundamental limits and lower and upper bounds on parameters of interest are provided for basic one-and two-dimensional spatial server arrangements. The observation that both delay and storage size can be reduced at the expense of moderate communication cost can be of great importance in a number of practical scenarios of interest.


The Material and Trading Worlds, ca. 1400 Starting with China Empires, States, and the New World, 1500-1775 The Industrial Revolution and its Consequences, 1750-1850 The Gap Conclusion: Change or Continuity?


How do you know what you're currently experiencing? How do you know that you feel pain when you do, or that something looks purple or round to you when it does? The question needs interpretation—but it is intelligible. And apparently, it's not inconsequential: knowledge of one's own experience seems to play an important and pervasive part in knowledge of the natural world, as well as in personal life, and clarity about what has been called "introspection" seems crucial to a sound methodology in studies of the mind generally. I would like to propose a way of understanding this question about self-knowledge and to develop an answer that makes central the notion that phenomenally conscious experience is unified. We need first to recognize that the way in which we each know our own experience differs from the way in which we know others'. This is not to say that one discovers what kind of experience one has by means of some peculiar procedure. The point is rather: the warrant one has for first-person judgments about experience commonly differs in kind from that had for thirdperson judgments about experience. To justify this we need make no assumption about the nature of this distinctive first-person warrant. And we need not claim for so-called "introspection" some special "privilege" such as infallibility, indubitability, or incorrigibility. We need only reflect on this. Often we would take ourselves to know what we experience in circumstances where, assuming that we do know, and that we have warrant for believing what we know about ourselves, it follows that the kind of warrant we have differs from the kind another person would ordinarily need, in order to know the same about us. This will be so, in those ~very common! cases where what another would need to observe to acquire such knowledge is simply not there to be observed at the time. So I may be sufferNOUS 35:4 ~2001! 542–568


ABSTRACT Based on a doctoral study of Polish migrant mothers living in Germany and the United Kingdom, this paper examines women's narratives pertinent to ethnicity, gender and social class, as well as the mutual entanglements of these dimensions. While the ethnic identity matrix often evokes dimensions of transnationalism and integration, the addition of the femininity component illustrates the diversity among contemporary Polish migrant women in Western Europe with regard to their identity practices. The analyses of transnational, translocal and cosmopolitan orientations highlight their binding to a contextualized understanding of femininity – its various markers and corollary epitome of motherhood, particularly in the Polish context. The main findings comprise an ideal-type based typology of migrant mothering, which sheds light on how mobility and gender intersect. The discussions adopt the social class lens in an attempt to focus on the implications of certain maternal and migrant identities among Polish women. By underscoring the value of both integration and transnationalism perspectives, the paper calls for additional aspects of translocality and hybridization, seeing them as noticeable social markers of the Polish female migrants' biographies.


: In our country, comprehensive utilization level of aquatic products and its added value are low, especially in fish processing. To solve the problems above, this paper intended to provide a scientific basis for the development and application of fish collagen in light of some researches at home and abroad. Beginning from the sources of fish collagen, this paper mainly outlines its extraction method, distribution, and type. Besides, the composition and structure of fish collagen are discussed, especially emphasizes the otherness with terrestrial mammals collagen. Secondly, by systematically elaborating the safety which fish collagen used as the allergen, the article clearly points out the research direction of fish collagen in further. Finally, the application of fish collagen in food, biomedicine and cosmetic area are reviewed.


A hollow core antiresonant photonic crystal fiber (HC-ARPCF) with metal inclusions is numerically analyzed for transmission of terahertz (THz) waves. The propagation of fundamental and higher order modes are investigated and the results are compared with conventional dielectric antiresonant (AR) fiber designs. Simulation results show that broadband terahertz radiation can be guided with six times lower loss in such hollow core fibers with metallic inclusions, compared to tube lattice fiber, covering a single mode bandwidth (BW) of 700 GHz.


In testing large centrifugal pumps it is difficult to determine the amount of water that is being handled. In many cases the quantity is so great it is almost impossible to determine it by the ordinary field weighing system. The use of standard test nozzles offers a simple means of determining the capacity of large pumps, but the nozzles must be accurately calibrated. The authors made a test of three pumps by laying about 1000 ft. of pipe behind a dredge and attached standard nozzles to the end of the pipe line for calibration purposes. The quantity of water flowing was determined by the salt-solution method.


We performed glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) analyses on several nonconducting ceramic materials: a glass microscope slide, Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), and several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (e.g., Trace Elements in Glass SRM 610 and SRM 612). The sputtering of the nonconductor in the GD source results in the formation of a circular sputter crater whose surface profile varies with changing conditions in the GD cell. Following GD analysis, examination of the sample surfaces within, and adjacent to, the sputter crater by micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the sputter-deposited Ta film is nonuniform. In several samples, a sharp discontinuity is observable in both Ta concentration and average Z-number approximately 0.5 mm from the crater perimeter. This discontinuity probably corresponds to the physical contact between the Ta cathode and the nonconducting sample beneath. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was then used to characterize Ta film thickness for each of the materials. The data presented here indicate that both crater shape and film thickness are dependent on GD sputtering parameters and on the nature of the material being sputtered.


The Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) simulation methodology is getting increasing importance in ongoing discussions of how to handle future scenarios of large integration of distributed generation to the existing electrical network. At no time whitewashing the systematic challenges of this method, the anticipated benefits that are associated with PHIL simulations are remarkable. There is no possibility so far to emulate very large sections of low or medium voltage grid and combine it with a physical on the test bench in the laboratory. PHIL simulation methods attack this area of interest, integrating real power generators (in hardware) to a virtual point of connection (in software). On the one hand the true behaviour of the generator is superior to any modelled behaviour. On the other hand this system component can be connected to a free configurable point of connection in a large electrical network - computed on the real time machine, which simply cannot be reconstructed in laboratories or when there is no access to existing field test areas. This is the benefit of the PHIL simulation method comparing it to both pure offline simulations and classic laboratory testing using standard electrical test benches, as both methods dominate and exist nowadays.


The objective of this project is to develop a continuous mild gasification process to convert highly caking coals to coal liquids, char and coke for near term commercial application. Task 3, Bench-Scale Char Upgrading Study, has been underway since September 1989. In char upgrading studies, ``green`` uncured char briquettes have been prepared and calcined in 20-pound batches to evaluate the effects of char, binders, and heating conditions on final coke properties. A total of 150. formulations have been tested thus far in this work. Work on Task 4, Process Development Unit (PDU) Mild Gasification Study, has been in progress since February 1991, with the completion of a Continuous Mild Gasification Unit (CMGU) with a design rate of 1000 lb./hr. Since start-up of the CMGU, there have been 72 runs with a variety of operating conditions and coal types.


THE object of reading this paper is to bring to your notice both a new building and an unusual method of staffing a municipal hospital. I would have preferr.ed that this paper, like its predecessor, had been a symposium, and that the city architect had dealt with the building of the hospital before I dealt with the staffing. It is, however, the city architect's wish that I deal with the whole subject, and I am only too glad to do what he wishes, if only because he has done so much for us.


This study aims to describe the use of the Emaze Application as a Learning Medium for Cultural Arts (Dance) at the UNP Laboratory Development High School. This type of research is qualitative research using applied descriptive methods. This research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. The data type uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are data classification, data clarification, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that the use of the Emaze application as a medium for learning cultural arts (dance) in class X of the UNP Laboratory Development High School is very helpful for educators in delivering material to students more structured and interesting. Students' learning motivation increases with the 3D view and other advantages of the Emaze application. This can be seen from the results of student practice exams that are very satisfactory and achieve learning objectives in accordance with the syllabus and rpp. Teachers really appreciate the use of the Emaze application and are excited to learn to use the Emaze application in order to be able to use it when teaching and students like and are even interested in using the Emaze application again during learning using the discussion method. However, not all students expressed this, there are also those who are opposed to the above statement but the number who support the use of the Emaze application is very far from those who do not support it.


The design combines 2 programs with the main idea of PLAY which is connecting them: Learning through PLAY and Recreation through PLAY. This programmatic combination of learning and recreation addresses the low educational level and the demographic homogeneity of the South Chicago neighborhood as well as deals with the reduced quality of life which comes as a result of the overall lack of programmatic and spatial diversity. The existing site features such as the ore walls and the existing water slip are incorporated into design. Additionally, the project is confirming the large-scale masterplan solution by establishing a spatial tension with other buildings located close by. Project operates simultaneously on the local level of the neighborhood, integrating the existing community within the new development, and on the global level, establishing the interaction between the site and the city center.


I research the culture and the cultural elite of the centre of the east region and the most prominent in the cultural activity. Speaking about the cultural elite, the most important question is the function of the elite. I think, that the function of the elite is the participation in the social integration. The cultural elite originate communities, which should be the basis of the integration. My study focuses to this communities and their connections with the elite.


The purpose of this study is to highlight the role played by some important factors on sprinback phenomenon. This latter affects significantly the geometry of the manufactured product. Large automotive or plane body parts are specifically affected by this phenomenon which complicates the tools design. The study focuses here on specific materials with high trend to develop heterogeneous strains during forming processes. Due to its hexagonal crystalline structure, titanium has initial heterogeneous microstructure that grows stronger when plastic strain occurs. Heterogeneous microstructures induce the coexistence in the material of volumes with different mechanical properties even, in some case, with different mechanical behaviours. Therefore, accommodation between these volumes generates distributed internal stresses and important elastic energy storage. The macroscopic behaviour can be provided either by average phenomenological constitutive equation identical for all locations in the material or by integrating a set of local constitutive relations taking into account the variability of the behaviour as a function of the position in the material. In this context, experimental and numerical studies of a 3-point bending test on titanium alloy are considered.


Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, and their rate of completed suicide appears to be rising. Previous studies with small


Previous research has reported higher percentages of at-risk development among children growing up in low-resourced communities, especially in perceptual-motor abilities. Such deficits can seriously hamper the acquisition of early literacy and numeracy necessary for formal school entry, while compromising the health and well-being of pre-schoolers due to physical inactivity. This study investigated whether pre-school teachers from a low resourced community, with no experience in conducting perceptual motor development programmes, can successfully implement a tailor-made intervention after a training workshop. By understanding the limitations that teachers have to design and deliver perceptual-motor programmes to pre-school children, possible solutions can be found to overcome the barriers and to maximise the perceptual-motor development of such children. Teachers presented a tailor-made perceptual-motor programme to 3- to 5-year-old preschoolers (n=44) after receiving a two-day training. The participants were, divided into an intervention group (n=31) that participated in the programme once a week for 16 weeks, and compared during a pre-, post- and retention test with a control group (n=21), using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Monthly on-site monitoring visits, as well as a focus group reflection after completing the programme, were used to identify problems that the teachers experienced during programme delivery. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and ANOVA (analysis of variance). Limited intervention effects were found. Although teacher buy-in was reported, many challenges were experienced, mainly due to the teachers' low knowledge of the subject matter. Frequent and ongoing hands-on support by means of remedial support is essential, while also focusing on establishing key behaviours of effective programme delivery during training.


Most bone fracture heals through enchondral bone formation that relies on the involvement of periosteal progenitor cells. However, the identity of periosteal progenitor cells and the regulatory mechanism of their proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gli1‐CreERT2 can identify a population of murine periosteal progenitor cells and the role of TGF‐β signalling in periosteal progenitor cells on fracture healing.


Background: Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a procedure with varied indications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcomes with PRC in wrist flexion deformities, neuromuscular disorders and also post-traumatic wrist arthritis. Methods: A prospective study was performed on all patients who underwent PRC between April 2015 and December 2017, in BIRRD (T) hospital, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh with a minimum follow up of 6 months. Outcome was assessed in terms of range of motion (ROM), grip strength, quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QDASH) score and pain score. Data was analyzed using the Student t-test. Results: Thirty-two patients underwent PRC of which 12 are neuromuscular disorders, 10 are wrist flexion deformities, 10 are post-traumatic wrist arthritis. On the final follow-up, significant improvement in ROM was observed in wrist flexion deformities and neuromuscular disorders, whereas grip strength and QDASH scores showed a significant difference in post-traumatic wrist arthritis. Pain was studied only in post-traumatic wrist arthritis, all were very much pleased with pain reduction. Conclusions: PRC is fairly a reliable procedure for all the indications in our study. We consider that PRC is a promising procedure in correcting wrist flexion deformities. Though there has been significant improvement in all the parameters for all the cases, we consider this procedure is best suited for post-traumatic arthritis group.


We investigate the propagation of the uniform spatial Gevrey G , σ ≥ 1, regularity for t→ +∞ of solutions to evolution equations like generalizations of the Euler equation and the semilinear Schrödinger equation with polynomial nonlinearities. The proofs are based on direct iterative arguments and nonlinear Gevrey estimates.


Summary We develop methods for the analysis of infectious disease data when age‐specific contact rates vary over time. Our methods are valid when contact rates vary slowly on the time scale of the infection process, and are applicable to a variety of data types including serial seroprevalence surveys and case reports. The methods exploit approximate endemic equilibria, and require numerical solution of an associated integral equation in age and time. We also estimate summary statistics such as time‐dependent analogs of the basic reproduction number and critical immunization threshold. We illustrate the methods with data on varicella (chickenpox) in the United Kingdom.


Description Hi-res view of human Aβ42 filaments Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a loss of memory and other cognitive functions and the filamentous assembly of Aβ and tau in the brain. The assembly of Aβ peptides into filaments that end at residue 42 is a central event. Yang et al. used electron cryo–electron microscopy to determine the structures of Aβ42 filaments from human brain (see the Perspective by Willem and Fändrich). They identified two types of related S-shaped filaments, each consisting of two identical protofilaments. These structures will inform the development of better in vitro and animal models, inhibitors of Aβ42 assembly, and imaging agents with increased specificity and sensitivity. —SMH In Alzheimer's disease and other conditions, two structurally related protofilaments form type I and type II Aβ42 filaments. Filament assembly of amyloid-β peptides ending at residue 42 (Aβ42) is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report the cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Aβ42 filaments from human brains. Two structurally related S-shaped protofilament folds give rise to two types of filaments. Type I filaments were found mostly in the brains of individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and type II filaments were found in individuals with familial Alzheimer's disease and other conditions. The structures of Aβ42 filaments from the brain differ from those of filaments assembled in vitro. By contrast, in AppNL-F knock-in mice, Aβ42 deposits were made of type II filaments. Knowledge of Aβ42 filament structures from human brains may lead to the development of inhibitors of assembly and improved imaging agents.


The reliability of transfer function (TF) estimates has been traditionally judged according to the threshold value of 0.5 in the magnitude squared coherence (MSC). However, other parameters affect the reliability as well, and low MSC values are often unavoidable in physiological systems. The study was devised (1) to assess by computer simulations the applicability of theoretical expressions for the error of TF estimates, (2) to provide error curves for TF estimates as a function of major experimental and analysis parameters and (3) to evaluate the fidelity of observed TF shapes with respect to expected ones when the MSC is low. Theoretical confidence intervals for the TF magnitude were found to be accurate enough to be used in practical analysis. Curves for the normalized bias and SD of TF estimates were derived, providing useful information for appropriate design of data collection and analysis. With an appropriate choice of analysis parameters the shape of observed TFs were found to be close to the expected ones even when the MSC is <0.5.


Infrastructure networks such as highways and pipelines have recently been at the center of attention for contractors and owner organizations. Due to their large size and their repetitive/distributed nature, construction and/or maintenance operations for such networks become complex tasks that require huge resources, particularly manpower. In order to provide a transparent tool for quick manpower planning and sensitivity analysis, a graphical approach (using nomographs) is introduced in this paper. The nomographs encode the mathematical formulation, and the results of many optimization experiments, of a distributed model for scheduling large projects with multiple sites. Accordingly, the nomographs can be readily utilized by practitioners to estimate the manpower needed to meet a predefined deadline, under anticipated network-level risks due to unfavorable site conditions. Details on the development of the nomographs are presented in the paper along with an example to demonstrate their usefulness for supporting manpower planning decisions and for what-if analysis. The nomographs also present researchers with a simple yet powerful approach to make research results readily usable by practitioners.


This is the note for the talk about the Tate's theorem for the seminar on the local class field theory seminar.


Carbon isotopic ratios of methane (813C(C,)) and chemical compositions were measured for natural gases of dissolved-in-water type (dissolved gases) from several gas fields in Japan. Most of the samples have low 813C(C1) values (-69.1-66.4%o) and contain small amounts of C2+(C"H2,,+2, n>_ 2) hydrocarbons. These two features indicate that they are of biogenic origin as has been suggested by previous researchers. However, several samples from the Yaizu gas field have high 613C(CI) values ( 34.3 33.8%o) which cannot be of biogenic origin, but thermogenic origin. This is the first report to confirm the occurrence of dissolved gas of thermogenic origin in Japan.


Proper definition of friction factor value for individual parts of pipeline is very important when designing new pipeline. This value defines the pressure drop of pipeline at individual operation conditions. The pressure drop at maximum gas flow is the basic information for the definition of compressor power installed at individual compressor stations. Considering the huge investment costs on compressor station construction, we will really appreciate the importance of familiarity with hydraulic parameters of the pipeline.


Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants are distinguished by large upfront capital cost and low operational cost. For a CSP roll out in South Africa it is therefore critical to maximise the local supply chain in order to achieve value gain and highly needed job creation in the country. Specifically linear Fresnel (LFR) has been identified as a technology suitable for the South African environment as an electricity generating system, processes heat provision, or a steam augmentation technology for coal fired power stations. The focus of this paper is the investigation and quantification of the readiness of the South African industry to establish a localised supply chain with an emphasis on LFR concentrating solar thermal energy (CST) applications. Literature results on related CSP technologies were transferred and applied to the LFR system. The analysis suggest that throughout the different CSP LFR applications a high percentage of above 70 % can be sourced in the country today and up to almost 80 % in the long term, assuming a shallow CSP penetration of the South African energy sector, as stipulated in the IRP. Further increase in local content is possible and dependent on CSP market size and reliability.


In this paper,an offline Chinese signature identification system based on a two stages classifier is built.It adopted pseudo feature and shape feature extraction.The emphasis of shape feature is the pseudo-Zernike moment with rotation,scale and translation invariance and anti-noise character.The pseudo dynamic features high gray feature(HPF),framework aspect gray feature,and gray barycenter feature.It has been proved that the identification of 2-pass system can save a lot of time for identification except in improving the recognition rate.


The usual Hough procedure for detecting curves embedded in digitized images involves a transformation from image space I to parameter space P. In this note we suggest that insight into this transformation may be enhanced by mapping P back into I.


ABSTRACT The quest for alternatives to gasoline becomes more urgent day by day because of environmental concerns and exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves. Methanol has proved to be an attractive renewable, alternative fuel due to improvement in engine performance. This research not only addresses performance and emissions from engine but also examines the importance of lubricant oil in engine by monitoring variation in physicochemical properties after 100 hours of operations on gasoline with octane rating 92 (G-92) and also 6% methanol by volume blended with 94% gasoline by volume (M-6). The performance and emission parameters were evaluated for nine different speeds. The accuracy of emission data was then calculated using Weibull distribution within 75% and 95% confidence intervals. On average, M-6 produced 3.72% more brake power than G-92. But M-6 produced 3.40% lower HC emission, and 5.54% lower CO emission in comparison with G-92. The lubricant oil exhibited 4.76%, 1.28%, 6.03%, 0.48%, 0.045%, and 3.49% rise in (KV)40°C, (KV)100°C, TAN, ash content, specific gravity, and flashpoint for M-6, respectively. Although M-6 improves engine performance and reduces carbon emissions, it is also responsible for early degradation of lubricant oil. Therefore, efforts for reducing the degradation rate of lubricant oil will open new avenues for future research.


This report presents results from degraded performance measurements of a residential air conditioning system operating under reduced evaporator air flow. Experiments were conducted using a R-22 three-ton split-type cooling system with a short-tube orifice expansion device. Results are presented here for a series of tests in which the air flow across evaporator was reduced by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of normal amount of air flow as specified by ARI. Return air temperature was maintained at 80 F dry bulb for all the standard and degraded experiments. Experiments were conducted for three different return humidity conditions of 20% RH, 45% RH, and 65% RH and three outdoor conditions of 70°F, 85°F, and 100°F dry bulb temperature. At present, very little information has been published which quantifies the degraded performance of a residential cooling system operating under reduced evaporator air flow. Degraded performance measurements can provide information which could help electric utilities evaluate the potential impact of system-wide maintenance programs.


by DEBRA L. MARTIN, ALAN H. GOODMAN, and GEORGE J. ARMELAGOS Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01003, U.S.A. 20 I 81 Pfeiffer (CA 21:793-94) has presented a comparison of age-atdeath estimates of six adults from a Late Archaic burial site in Ontario. Age estimates based on macroscopic observations of the pubic symphyses are compared with those based on microstructural observations of undecalcified thin sections from femoral midshafts. By examining the "degree of correspondence" of the microstructural age estimates with estimates by the more traditional method, Pfeiffer attempts to determine the accuracy of the microscopic technique. She concludes that when macroscopic analysis is impossible "one can confidently substitute microstructural age estimates for the more traditional pubic-symphysis age estimates" (p. 793). We shall show that the data presented do not support this conclusion and attempt to explain the lack of concordance between age estimates. At issue are problems of small sample size, Pfeiffer's interpretation of these data, problems in the use of the aging technique, and lack of concern with factors other than age which may affect the microstructure of compact bone. Our purpose is not to argue that microstructure should not be used for aging, but rather to point out that it may be affected by factors such as nutrition and disease stress. Variation in age estimates such as Pfeiffer presents for older individuals supports a tentative hypothesis that such stresses may have been active in the population under study. Pfeiffer's data include results of pubic-symphysis age estimation by two methods (table 1), one based on the McKern and Stewart (1957) methodology and the other on the Gilbert and McKern (1973) standards. These are compared with femoral-microstructural age estimates based on the norms of Ahlqvist and Damsten (1969). Pfeiffer contends that the macrostructural ages determined from the pubic symphyses are comparable with the microstructural ages. She presents results of a t-test comparing microstructural ages with the less variant Gilbert and McKern macroscopic ages and then, at another point, cites a comparable McKern and Stewart age. She does not present the results of a comparison of microstructural ages with the McKern and Stewart macroscopic ages. This is unfortunate, since the mean presented for the McKern and Stewart ages (31.3 in table 1) is incorrect. We calculate a mean of 30.3 years, 3.7 years less than the microstructural mean age. Our comparison of the McKern and Stewart ages with the microscopic ages produced a Student's t = 2.02 (two-tail, p < .10, d.f. = 8). Such a small probability with such a small sample size gives reason for concern. The microstructural ages may be significantly overestimated. When Pfeiffer's data are examined more closely, one sees that the differences between microstructural and macrostructural ages are highly variable by individual; the range of differences extends from 0.2 to 14.1 years. Struck by the variability in age estimates generally found in the older individuals, we compared the microstructural ages of three older individuals (Burials 3, 10, and 19) with their macroscopic ages by the two standards. Both comparisons yielded highly significant t values (t = 3.48 for McKern and Stewart [two-tail, p ? .05] and t = 3.23 for


Conventional methods for the analysis of left ventricle (LV) wall motion are based on 2D images with many hardly fulfilled assumptions. The methods in use today suffer from several problems as they do not take into account three-dimensional (3D) information that can be provided by image modalities such as nuclear medicine and MRI. This work describes a method to quantify 3D LV motion by a series of 3D velocity vector fields that are computed automatically for each voxel on the sequence of 16 cardiac volumes. Using the velocity it is possible to estimate the kinetic energy for each voxel. The integration of this quantity over the LV muscle gives an estimate of the left ventricle wall kinetic energy. A curve representing the myocardial kinetic energy can be plotted and used as an indicator of cardiac conditions. The proposed method was applied to the study of normal and abnormal hearts. Results have shown that the curve pattern for hearts with infarct differs substantially from a normal heart.


Case 1 A 43-year-old male with well-controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus was found dead in an undisturbed bed. There was no evidence of a fit or excessive sweating. He had recently suffered a prolapsed inter-vertebral disc and was taking analgesia for back pain. He had no other past medical history. A full autopsy examination complete with histology did not identify a cause of sudden death. There was no identifiable natural disease. Toxicology confirmed recent therapeutic use of an opioid analgesic and no evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma (vitreous humour glucose: <5 mM). The cause of death was given as 'unascertained'.


Objective To study the effects of puffball on proliferation and collagen synthesis on rat skin fibroblasts,and to investigate the mechanism of enhancing wound healing of active constituent of puffball at the cells level.Methods The rat skin fibroblasts were divided into 5 groups,all the cells were treated with puffball(37.5,75.0,150.0 and 300.0 mg·L-1),except for control group,for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.And then MTT was used to detect the proliferation,and the content of collagen were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results Compared with control group,the cells treated with different concentrations(37.5,75.0,150.0 and 300.0 mg·L-1) of puffball showed a significant rise both in its proliferation and the ability of collagen synthesis(P0.01).Furthermore,in time-dependant manner,the proliferation rate of cells and collagen synthesis ability were significantly increased after treated for 24,48,72 h,especially in 72 h(P0.01).Conclusion Puffball with different doses can enhance the proliferation and collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts of rats.


Curcumin has shown several potential pharmacological activities but it is limited on clinical application due to its poor bioavailability. Nano curcumin products have been investigated with purpose to increase curcumin's bioavailability. Recently, for the first time, nanocurcumin was formulated in effervescent tablet (commercially available as SCurma FizzyTM). The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of this novel formulation of nanocurcumin and traditional formulation. In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of nanocurcumin in effervescent tablet, hard capsule and soft capsule in rats with a dose of 150 mg curcumin/kg body weight were investigated. The method to determine curcumin's concentration was validated and the concentration of curcumin in rat's plasma was examined at pre-dose (0 min), 30, 60, 120, 150, 180 min after administration of curcumin. This data showed that the SCurma Fizzy tablet significantly improved the curcumin's concentration in plasma as compared with others products studied. In conclusion, the results suggested that effervescent tablet for nanoparticulate curcumin is recommended formulation to improve its bioavailability and therefore pharmacological activities.


I The Superconductor Story 1 Superconductors! The Startling Breakthrough that Could Change our World Michael D. Lemonick with Thomas McCarroll, J. Madeleine Nash and Dennis Wyss 2. Are Superconductors Really that Super? Two Reports from `The Economist' and `The Boston Globe' Part II Materials and Society 3. Materials, Year 2000 E.D.Hondros 4. Materials in History and Society Melvin Kranzberg and Cyril Stanley Smith 5. New Materials Technology in Japan Gene Gregory 6. Beyond the Era of Materials Eric D. Larson, Marc H. Ross and Robert H. Williams Part III Materials and the Economy 7. Advanced Materials and the Economy Joel P. Clark and Merton C. Flemings 8. Ceramics Take on Tough Tasks Gordon Graff 9. What's Sexier and Speedier than Silicon? Gene Bylinsky 10. High Performance Plastics Gordon Graff 11. Optical Fibres: Where Light Outperforms Electrons Les C. Gunderson and Donald B. Keck 12. Skylines of Fabric Doug Stewart Part IV Materials Innovation and Substitution 13. The Real Challenge in Materials Engineering Thomas W. Eagar 14. Innovation in Materials George F. Ray 15. How Critical are Critical Materials? Joel P. Clark and Frank R. Field III 16. Material Substitution: Lessons from Tin-Using Industries John E. Tilton Part V New Frontiers in Materials 17. Looking to the Future in Ceramics W. David Kingery 18. Materials Processing in Space Peter Marsh 19. Seabed Materials James M. Broadus 20. The Coming Era of Nanotechnology K. Eric Drexler


This chapter examines the marketing of e-learning and challenges facing distance education in Africa. While discussing the growing trend in distance education, this chapter also examines the socio-political and economic factors limiting its effectiveness on the continent. The conclusion of this chapter is that the crisis within the African state constitutes a hindrance to effective marketing and implementation of e-learning and distance education.


Author(s): Maccannell, Juliet | Editor(s): Winer, J; Anderson, JW; Danze, E | Abstract: Exploration of space as being as crucial to Freud's psychoanalytic approach as time is thought to be. Examination of architectural practices, especially those of Emilio Ambasz to illustrate how a new appreciation for spatial thinking in relation to psychoanalysis works.


A 74-year-old man was referred because of left exophthalmos and outward displacement of the orbit (Panel A). His symptoms had progressed slowly over a 4-year period but had worsened rapidly during the preceding 2 days, causing diplopia, impaired ocular movement, orbital pain, and decreased visual acuity (0.8 in the right eye and 0.2 in the left eye, corresponding to Snellen equivalents of 20/25 and 20/100, respectively). On computed tomography, a cystic lesion was observed in the left ethmoid sinus (Panel B), where it was compressing the globe (white arrow) and eroding the lamina papyracea (black arrows) and part of the . . .


A new dolabellane type diterpene 1 has been isolated through its acetate 1a. The structure of 1a was elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by mass spectrometry. The structure of 1 was deduced by comparison of its NMR spectral data with those of 1a, while its relative stereochemistry was deduced by NOESY. The absolute stereochemistry of C-7 was determined by analyses of 1 separately esterified with R and S O-mandelic acids.


A spectroscopic study has been performed on selected substituted 2,2'-bithiophenes. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of bithiophenes (BT) substituted with alkyl and alkoxy groups in positions 4,4' and 3,3' have been measured in solvents of various polarity and viscosity. AM1 and ZINDO/S semiempirical calculations have also been performed on all molecules in order to evaluate the torsional potential energy surfaces and the singlet−singlet transition energies. It is found by a combined theoretical and experimental technique in which 3,3'-derivatives are more twisted than their 4,4'-analogs in the ground state. After excitation, molecules relax to much more planar S1 excited states. The sole exceptions are 3,3'-alkoxybithiophene derivatives which seem to remain in the same conformation in their respective relaxed S1 excited state. For molecules in their T1 excited states, planar and perpendicular conformations are the most stable. It is also observed that fluorescence quantum yields of all bithiophene der...


The present invention relates to a fixture for foaming a mold of a refrigerator door having a roll bearing type link bar stopper, and more specifically, to a fixture for foaming a mold of a refrigerator door having a roll bearing type link bar stopper which can be used semi-permanently by not easily being damaged and having low abrasion compare to a ball plunger, which is used as the link bar stopper, by forming the link bar stopper limiting the forward and backward movement distance of a link bar through forming a long hole penetrating the side surface of the link bar and coupling a roll bearing coupled after passing through the long hole. The fixture for foaming the mold of the refrigerator door having the bearing type link bar stopper is the fixture for foaming the mold of the refrigerator door for combining and separating an upper mold and a lower mold supporting a door outer plate and a door inner plate, respectively, when filling a foaming agent for insulating between the door outer plate and the door inner plate.


This study aimed at theoretical establishment through investigation and analysis regarding social responsibility and social contribution activities of Yuhan-Kimberly. Doctor Il Han Yu, who was founder of Yuhan, said "Profit gained from enterprise should be converted to the society which grew its enterprise". Such enterpriser spirit of Doctor Il Han Yu was selected at Yuhan-Kimberly, and another purpose of this study also aims at verification whether it is achieved with practical enterprise action. Theoretical frame of this study was the application of affirmative concentrative theory scholars of social responsibility such as Walton(C.C), Berle(A.A), Regan (M.D), Clark(J.M) ets. As the result this study, it was found that CEO of Yuhan Kimberly completed the social responsibilities as the following. Result such as social reform responsibilities like social service, social conscious-nessetc such as ⑴ Responsibility of development and growth of enterprise, ⑵ Responsibility of welfare improvement of employees, ⑶ Interest adjustment responsibility of interest-related persons group, ⑷ Responsibility of environment pollution prevention, ⑸ Tree planting green rivers & mountains movement etc was shown. Particularly, as social contribution activity, Yuhan Kimberly contributes greatly toward social activities for protection of forest and environment being respected from neighborhood, and result shows that Yuhan expands culture, social welfare, voluntary service activity, scholarship business, research support business, industrial-academic business etc actively. But problems also are occurring. Successor cultivation problem, self appropriation problem of social cost, namely, environment pollution prevention cost, waste disposal cost, environment pollution compensation cost, environmental laws, social cost burden of environment system relation etc are being faced with difficultes. But regarding social appraisal of enterprise, ⑴ as public interest enterprise which keeps life and forest, ⑵ as environment leading enterprise, ⑶ as ethics, transparent enterprise, ⑷ as management reform enterprise, ⑸ market share ratio 1st rank in all fields, as customer satisfaction enterprise, and it is reputed as ultra humankind enterprise in productivity, quality and safety degree.


All too often, practices look to alternative revenue centers that involve additional risk before looking at the no-risk option of improving current operations to put increased dollars on the bottom line. Read how one retina practice, with assistance from experienced consultants, devised a strategic plan that improved current operations and contributed to a very significant increase in revenue.


Controlled transportation of air- and electrochemically stable materials is of interest in many areas of science. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of an ionic liquid monomer and its corresponding polyelectrolyte. The translational movement of these ionic liquid droplets across a substrate using the mechanism of electrowetting on a dielectric (EWOD) is demonstrated with emphasis given to electrode design and selective switching in the device construction. Directional control of a 2 mm sized polyelectrolyte droplet is shown to laterally move across the substrate surface on the order of 10s of minutes due to its increased viscosity, whereas its ionic liquid monomer also transverses but at a much faster pace-on the order of 10s of seconds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


In this work, we present a library, called Easy Screens and Play (ESP) , for information visualization in tiled display systems. We describe the design of the ESP library in the tiled display environment for novice users and its unique features as compared to other distributed display libraries. We also demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of the ESP library by using several examples of information visualization. Discussions on the extension of the library and future improvements are presented as well.


This paper describes a design method and characteristics analysis of the 3 ㎾ grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system to establish the basic application technology of photovoltaic systems. The design specification of a 3 ㎾ photo voltaic power generation system including a DC/AC inverter is suggested. The results of the demonstration test from February to October show that the system with utilization rate up to 17% has reliable operation characteristics and is useful for peak-shaving of utility power.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the therapeutic effects of systemic pentoxifylline and topical aloe vera cream in the treatment of frostbite.

DESIGN
The frostbitten ears of 10 New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to one of four treatment groups: untreated controls, those treated with aloe vera cream, those treated with pentoxifylline, and those treated with aloe vera cream and pentoxifylline.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Tissue survival was calculated as the percent of total frostbite area that remained after 2 weeks.

RESULTS
The control group had a 6% tissue survival. Tissue survival was notably improved with pentoxifylline (20%), better with aloe vera cream (24%), and the best with the combination therapy (30%).

CONCLUSION
Pentoxifylline is as effective as aloe vera cream in improving tissue survival after frostbite injury.


Background Retention within clinical trials is a major problem with many trials failing to retain adequate numbers of participants. Some trial fail to retain a sufficient number of participants for their main analyses, leaving the research question for the trial unanswered. Alongside the loss of valuable healthcare and scientific knowledge, there is a loss of resources and time. Times to completion for trials can be prolonged and the costs of trials can increase. Further evidence is needed to identify the optimal strategies to retain participants in the trial.[1] Thanking participants for their involvement in a trial was reported as a strategy for trying to improve retention in a survey of Clinical Trials Units in the United Kingdom.[2] Therefore, this SWAT will investigate the effects of giving patients a thank you card after each study-related visit. It will be implemented in two unrelated trials and their results will be compared.


As the quantity of hazardous industrial wastes increases significantly owing to rapid industrialization, its appropriate management is required to reduce adverse impacts on humans and ecosystems. This work evaluated the integrity and retention of heavy metals in materials stabilized by solidification. It was adopted a completely randomized design with a single factor, that is, the averages of four treatments were compared (A, B, C and D) with 0, 40, 50 and 60% respectively contaminants and three repetitions. Portland cement, bentonita and lime-fly ash binders were used to solidify a synthetic heavy metal sludge containing oxides of Cd2+, Pb2+ e Cu2+. It can be concluded that the treatment influenced the result of leaching of cadmium, lead and copper. The treatments showed that the concentrations of solubilized and leachate extract increase with the amount of cadmium, lead and copper added. The highest price was found in the material from the treatment D, that presented leaching equal to 32.815 mg.kg-1 for cadmium and 29.769 mg.kg-1 for the lead. For the tests of integrity/durability, it was found that increasing the absorption of water has caused resistance to compression decreased. The use of cement, calcium hydroxide and sodium bentonite were ideal for retention of heavy metals, avoiding leaching and solubilization for it's the environment.


Abstract This article offers a gender perspective on homelessness concerning residential origins. Data were obtained through the 2005 homelessness survey in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The residential origins of homeless women are more widespread and less concentrated in the neighborhoods of high poverty than those of homeless men. Areas with lack of low-rent housing units are at greatest risk of generating homeless men and women. The rate of residential origins of homeless men increases with the proportion of Hispanics and African Americans, particularly those living below poverty level. Areas with a high proportion of female-headed households with young children and unemployed females are strongly significant in producing more homeless women. Planners should take into account a geographic and population-targeted strategy in designing homelessness prevention interventions.


This study focuses on the ophiuroids collected during the Programme of Evaluation of the Living Resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone for the Brazilian coast (REVIZEE), South Score/Benthos, in the states of Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande Bay), Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Tramandai) (24° 07,113' S and 29° 48,500' S; and 43° 46,759' W and 49° 06,800' W). Samples were collected on the continental shelf and slope (60-810 m) using the following equipment: van Veen, box corer and a rectangular dredge. Individuals were identified, measured and photo-graphed under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. Growth series of the species that contributed with more than 10 individuals were analysed. A total of 5044 individuals were collected and were represented by 29 species, which belonged to seven families. The most abundant species were Ophiura ljungmani and Ophiomisidium pulchellum, which represented 79.7% of the total number of individuals. The analyses and description of species as well as the organization of the growth series allowed the verification that some characteristics of morphological structures used for the identification of the group remain unaltered throughout the life of the organism, whilst others undergo alterations. We recorded two new occurrences for the Brazilian coast: Ophiostriatus striatus and Amphilimna mirabilis. The ophiuroid fauna is composed of species with wide distribution along the Brazilian coast, such as Ophiothrix angulata and Amphipholis squamata, species with occurrence restricted to certain areas, such as Ophioleptoplax brasiliana and Nudamphiura carvalhoi. Most species were collected within the bathymetry limits previously described for them.


In this paper, the problem of multimedia synchronization based on scheduling the transmission of multimedia documents in a connection-oriented network environment is investigated. Assuming channels with different bandwidth and delay characteristics are established between the multimedia server and the client, the scheduling problem is formulated to ensure stream synchronization as a parallel processor scheduling problem. Since the problem is NP-hard, we propose two heuristic algorithms, namely FSA and BSA, with time complexity O(n log n + nm), where n is the number of dta units to be scheduled in the request multimedia document and m the number of channels available. Also an enumerative algorithm is developed to obtain the exact solutions. Extensive computational simulations reveal that the proposed consistently obtain near-optimal solutons. From the simulation results, we also identify special characteristics of the available channels which affect the relative performance of the proposed algorithms.


The present invention contains the following components (a) and (b), the cyclic urea / regarding reactive silane moisture-curable polyether urethanes containing terminal groups: (a) 2 amino or many cyclic urea than / reactive silane end groups and one or polyetherurethane 20-100 wt% with more polyether segments than [this case, the number average molecular weight of the polyether segments of at least 3000 and 0.04 meq / g has a degree of unsaturation of less than (provided that the total number average molecular weight of all polyether segments per molecule is 6,000 to 20,000 on average), cyclic urea / reactive silane end groups are isocyanate groups and aspartate the Tetoshiran reacted reaction product obtained by forming the urea groups are converted to cyclic urea groups in the presence of a catalyst and heat It incorporated as. ], (B) one reactive silane group and one or more polyether segments than (number average molecular weight: 1,000 to 15,000) polyether urethanes 0-80 wt% with (aforementioned components (a) When the content of (b) are by weight of both components). The present invention also relates to these sealant compositions containing polyether urethane adhesive composition and coating compositions.


The related substances in sample are determined on the HPLC instrument fixed a Symmerty ODS C18 column(250mm×4.6mm,10μm).The mobile phase consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate(0.03mol.L-1),methyl alcohol and triethylamine(69: 31: 0.8,adjusted to pH3.5 ± 0.1 with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1.The detective wave-length is 287 nm.1-MMDL as the known related substances are determined with correction factors and the others are detected with no correction factors.This method is specific,sensitive,accurate and suitable for the quality control for nicergoline.


in the 3/1 Apoapse. the others published elsewhere. The upper graph (Fig.l) shows the symmetry of the 2/1 resonant POs, which can be explained by the fact of mirror symmetry of the initial conditions around the vertical line μ = 0.5. We recognize that stable orbits are very rare, they exist only for very small (or big) mass ratios with relatively high eccentricities. Most of the orbits are single unstable up to the eccentricity 0.5; whereas most of them are complex unstable for e > 0.5. White points mean that it was impossible to find any PO, although a sophisticated technique of finding them starting from the neighbouring POs was developed.


Spatial-temporal specifi c features in formation of rainfall fl oods on the rivers of Belarus have been revealed. Long-term numbers of supervision over the maximum expenses of water of rainfall floods are analyzed, the estimation of their transformation is given. The map of distribution of the maximum modules of a drain of rainfall floods of the security of 5 % on territory of Belarus is constructed. The role of various types of circulation of atmosphere in formation of rainfall floods on the rivers of Belarus was investigated. It is revealed, that on the different rivers the greatest high waters are formed during various epoch.


The circular velocities of the inner region of disk galaxies are predicted by standard physics but velocities beyond the stellar disks are not consistent with Newtonian physics if the material there is in stable circular orbits. However, this material is not gravitationally bound and so does not trace the gravitational field in the way that is usually assumed. The gravitational attraction near the edge of a flattened mass distribution is significantly greater than that of an equal mass in a spherical distribution. The size of the effect depends on the specifics of the mass distribution but is greater than a factor of two for reasonable models. In fact, the circular velocity can exceed the escape velocity so that these galaxies are gravitationally unstable in way not previously considered and disk material is lost due to thermal escape, bars or other disturbances. The nearly constant velocity observed in the outer disk region has been interpreted to mean that the dynamical mass of galaxies is much larger than the observed mass. In fact, there is no great discrepancy and no need to invoke dark matter at these scales. The gravitational field of a disk galaxy is determined at all radii by the observed mass. In the region of the stellar disk, stars and gas move in nearly circular orbits at velocities consistent with the gravitational field. In the outer regions the gravitational force drops rapidly so that stars and gas move outward almost unaffected by the attraction of the host galaxy.


Purpose: Four‐dimensional (4D) CT depends on accurate correlation between temporally acquired CT slices and the patient's respiratory cycle. One approach is to record the position of an external marker placed on the abdomen or chest during the scan, and retrospectively match the CT data with the phase of the marker motion. While very effective for regular breathing patterns, the phase‐based approach can lead to significant mismatch between adjacent image segments when the respiratory motion exhibits irregularities. We propose a method of extracting amplitude‐based 4D CT from cine‐acquired CTdata sets, and compare the amplitude‐based 4D CT with the phase‐based 4D CT for both phantom and patient data. Method and Materials:CTdata sets were acquired in cine mode on the GE Discovery ST, and motion of an infrared reflecting block was recorded using Varian's Real‐time Position Management (RPM) camera. Rather than use the phase‐based calculations of the RPM system, we replaced the phase field with pseudo‐amplitude values spanning the full respiratory cycle (i.e., differentiating inspiration from expiration). The modified respiratory trace file was then sent, along with the cine CT data, to the GE Advantage Workstation for processing. The method was applied to a thoracic phantom moving irregularly in the longitudinal direction, and to an abdominal 4D scan of a lungcancer patient. Results: For both phantom and patient data, the phase‐based 4D CTimages showed boundary mismatches of up to 1 cm between couch positions. The mismatch on the amplitude‐based sets, however, was less than 2 mm throughout the field of view. Conclusion: Phase‐based 4D CT can lead to mismatched slices when the respiratory cycle involves irregularities. In such situations, by replacing phase with a modified definition of amplitude that distinguishes inspiration from expiration, a substantially improved 4D CTimage can be generated.


This thesis aims at the study of systemic risk measurement, which became crucial after the 2007 − 2009 financial crisis. The objective of the thesis is twofold: (i) we address the issue of assessing the accuracy of systemic risk measures, (ii) we investigate the role of the long-range dependence in systemic risk forecasting, under both methodological and empirical perspectives. From the methodological point of view, we propose two appropriate loss functions, the Tail Tick Loss function and the Tail Mean Square Error, specifically designed to evaluate the CoVaR and MES accuracy, respectively. Moreover, we introduce a comprehensive model called Asymmetric-Component-GARCH (ACGARCH), which is able to capture both the leverage effect and long-range dependence. An empirical analysis of different bivariate volatility models to the daily returns of 91 US financial institutions in the period 2000 − 2012 confirms the need of employing appropriate loss functions to evaluate systemic risk accuracy and to discriminate among different competing models. Moreover, empirical results encourage the usage of the ACGARCH model in the systemic risk framework.


In 1990's,a great change in an overall style and spir itual judgement of the literature took place in mainland China,which indicated t he utterance that was popular with the intellectual talents gave a way to th at of the perceptual culture for the mass.In the sea of the popular literature,s ome writers still work hard for personal beliefs and ideals.


System Dependability is the greatest challenge facing us before we can realise the potential of the Information Society in the 21 century. Unless we can build systems that we can trust to behave as we intended them to, we cannot risk creating a society where our economic well-being, our quality of life, our safety and our security depend on the correct and continuous interactions of millions of computer-based systems.


L ong impoverished, India is on the rise in economic and military terms. Its gross domestic product is expanding faster than population growth, and India is becoming one of the world's largest economies. Defense and foreign policies tend to expand in response to capability improvements. Indian foreign policy and military concerns, long centered on South Asia, have grown to encompass a much wider proportion of Indo-Pacifi c Asia. Indian ambitions have also expanded: a popular question is whether or when India will ascend to the world's power elite and be accorded great power status. Part of this great power discourse has to do with whether India has the appropriate prerequisites for great power status. Is its economy suffi ciently large and sophisticated enough to pay for elite status? Is the Indian state strong enough to mobilize resources and make policies, as other great powers do? Do Indian armed forces have suffi cient powerprojection capabilities to support great power behavior? We understand why these questions are raised but we think they are misplaced. Historically, states have ascended to elite or great power status without satisfying minimal thresholds of attributes thought to differentiate the powerful from the less powerful. Once they gain greater military-political status, they either improve their capabilities or they stumble along with various weaknesses more or less intact. We assume that status-mobility


The wireless communication system are described. Wherein the wireless communication system using a multi-air stream transmitted from the first terminal including N antennas to a second terminal including M antennas to execute the data transfer. (N and M are 2 or more, and N> M.) Antenna, a wireless communication receiver, the stream, estimated


Nodular cast irons are widely adopted in off-highway vehicles, since they allow to obtain components with complex shapes as well as good mechanical properties. However, the fatigue strength of such components is a major issue, which is typically addressed by adopting the strain-life approach, since it considers the local strains at stress concentrators where fatigue cracks are prone to initiate. In the fatigue design of off-highway components, the detrimental effect of casting skin, due to both surface and subsurface features, must be accounted for in all cases where machining is not needed. Moreover, the local strain ratio at stress raisers can be different from the nominal one due to forward plasticity. In this paper, static tensile as well as strain-controlled fatigue tests have been executed on specimens taken from real EN-GJS-450-10 off-highway axles. Static tensile tests have been performed on specimens with machined surfaces, while fatigue tests at a strain ratio equal to −1 have been carried out on specimens with surfaces in both machined and as-cast conditions. In addition, machined specimens have been tested at strain ratios equal to 0.1 and 0.5 to investigate the material sensitivity to the mean strain. Finally, the high-cycle downgrading effect of the casting skin has been evaluated, and experimental data of machined specimens tested at different strain ratios have been summarized by using the Smith–Watson–Topper expression.


A simple method for packaging system S-parameter model decomposition and on-demand composition on the circuit model level is proposed in this paper to make the multi-aggressor single-victim channel group circuit modeling easier, more flexible, and more manageable. This approach uses the concept of the directional junction model proposed in [1][2] combined with small two-port single-channel circuit model and four-port single crosstalk circuit model as building bricks. The system SI transient simulation using the composited model is very accurate compared with the one using the original full-matrix or sparse matrix channel group S-parameter model.


As humans we are born as social beings, where we need other humans for us to live in this world. Elementary school age children are stewards of the nation which are assets of the nation and state, but as the times progress so that technology is increasingly developing, the shift in children's social abilities is decreasing. Children have started to be cool with the technology they have such as gadgets and the like. If this continues, it will make the nation's successors decline in social values which will make future life no longer recognize these values. Based on this problem, the traditional game Englolibaba Biscuit is a solution to this problem. The purpose of this research is to improve children's social skills through the traditional game englolibaba biscuit. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The sample consisted of 20 children from SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. Based on the results of the study showed that there was an increase in social values in SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh children. This is proven based on the significant level taken, namely 5%. So if the value of sig.(2-tailed)> 0.05, then the results stated that there was no significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the data table above, it can be seen that the value of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.00 <0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in the results of children's social skills after being given the traditional game of Englolibaba Biscuit.


Let G be a graph of order n satisfying that there exists λ∈Z+ for which every graph of order n and size t is contained in exactly λ distinct subgraphs of the complete graph Kn isomorphic to G. Then G is called t‐edge‐balanced and λ the index of G. In this article, new examples of 2‐edge‐balanced graphs are constructed from bipartite graphs and some further methods are introduced to obtain more from old.


A novel C-shaped antenna design resonating at Sub-6GHz band for 5G application is reported in this work. The radiator is etched on FR4 dielectric $({\varepsilon}_{\mathbf{r}}=4.3)$ having height of 1.6 mm. On the other side of dielectric, the mirror image of the radiator is etched on the ground plane which is an inverted 'C'. Conventional quarter-wave transformer is designed to match the antenna impedance to 500. The entire dimension of proposed design which is simulated in CST Microwave Studio is 34 ×32 × 1.6 mm3that achieves the gain and bandwidth of 3.4 dB and 500 MHz at the resonating frequency of 3.5 GHz lying in mid-band frequency range allocated for fifth-generation.


A simple analytical formula for the low-frequency noise (below 10 kHz) in GaAs MESFETs is derived. This unipolar model describes noise generated in the semi-insulating substrate and involves diffusion, drift, and generation-recombination due to deep-level traps. The derived noise spectrum is diffusion-like and rolls off as f/sup -3/2/ at the high-frequency limit. The results are formally identical to the conventional diffusion/drift noise spectrum except the diffusion/drift constants are replaced by their reduced counterparts. Good qualitative agreement with experiments has been obtained for temperature, length, and field dependences. The derived spectrum can be computed quickly and is suitable for use in circuit simulation of low-frequency performance of MESFETs. >


Pneumonia is the top disease killer of children under the age of 5 worldwide, and while the definitive diagnosis of pneumonia typically is made with x-rays, only 5% of the world's population has ready access to radiographic equipment. To address this problem, Sonavi Labs has introduced the Feelix line, a line of digital stethoscopes focused on abnormal lung sound detection. Compared to traditional, mechanical stethoscopes, the Feelix line offers three advantages: reduced sensitivity to placement of the sensing head, active noise cancellation, and automatic detection of lung sound abnormalities using an algorithm that incorporates machine learning. This new line of digital stethoscopes is appropriate for under-resourced regions of the world, for noisy clinics, and for medical professionals who wish to improve their ability to hear lung sounds. Using this line of digital stethoscopes is preferable to alternative methods that are under study, such as lung ultrasound, as its use is entirely noninvasive and its cost is a fraction of that of x-ray machines or ultrasound imagers.


The Large Magellanic Cloud is observed to have a counter-rotating stellar population in its disc, which has not been reproduced in previous simulations of the Magellanic system. We propose a new scenario in which the origin of this counter-rotating stellar population is the result of a minor retrograde merger with another dwarf galaxy more than 3 Gyr ago, and investigate this scenario using our hydrodynamical simulations. Our simulations show that such merging can result in a counter-rotating stellar component, and a co-rotating gaseous component. We show that this counter-rotating population would not be radially concentrated, but found throughout the Large Magellanic Cloud. The thin disc of the Large Magellanic Cloud is thickened by the merging. We suggest that the Magellanic Clouds were originally a triplet system containing this companion galaxy. We then discuss previous observations of the Magellanic Clouds in the context of a triplet dwarf system, and discuss how such a merger could occur.


We investigate the solution set of the pseudoperiodic extension of the classical Lyndon and Sch\"utzenberger word equations. Consider u_1 ... u_l = v_1 ... v_m w_1 ... w_n, where u_i is in {u, theta(u)} for all 1 = 12 or m,n >= 5 and either m and n are not both even or not all u_i's are equal, all solutions are pseudoperiodic.


Abstract Imagery is one of the most researched and widely implemented psychological skills in sport and extensive research has shown imagery to be an effective technique in enhancing motor performance in that domain. Equally, research has also found imagery to have positive effects on a wide array of performance outcomes, however, the literature concerning imagery and youth athletes is lacking even though imagery has been shown to positively contribute to early experiences in sport. A total of 13 studies (n=504) showed some consistency in study authorship with diversity across participant age groups, sport, location (country), design and analysis, sample size, performance measures and intervention time and technique. Additionally, similarities were also found in imagery assessment and reported outcome success, which has shown imagery as being an effective intervention across certain conditions in sport. As this review was the first in sport psychology to utilise the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM; 2020) reporting guideline, limitations existed in presenting a thorough investigation into heterogeneity, as well as an assessment of certainty of findings due to the incomparability of study methods. Results have therefore evidenced the usefulness of imagery in contributing to successful performance outcomes in youth sport, but a greater understanding of how to implement imagery interventions at this level is still needed. With respect to participant age, athletic development and developmental psychology models can play a critical role in further informing interventions with young performers.


This study aims to determine how the representation of the characters' speech in the film "Sejuta Sayang Untuknya" directed by Herwin Noviant, especially in the aspect of language politeness. This research method uses qualitative methods with a pragmatic approach. The source of research data is the film "Sejuta Sayang Untuknya", directed by Herwin Noviant. The data technique used was listen and note. The data studied is based on maxims which are generally followed to show politeness towards the interlocutor. The maxims used are the maxim of generosity, the maxim of appreciation, the maxim of simplicity, the maxim of consensus, and the maxim of sympathy.


The possibility to covalently bind the amino compounds and glycine with the detonation nanodiamonds surface was shown. The functionalized nanodiamonds were studied by IR-, Raman-spectroscopy and XPS methods. The luminescence was discovered in case of such nanodiamonds which depended on the chemical structure of the grafting molecular layer. The perspective of such nanodiamonds application was shown for visualization of drug delivery systems.


Let U, V,  and  W are vector spaces at the same field, phi: U X V     → W bilinear mapping, if W = C that phi is bilinear functional. The collection of all bilinear mapping phi: U X V  denoted with B(U, V, W). Problems we will discuss about some properties at bilinear mapping. Furthermore will see B(U, V, W) is vector space toward operation ( phi + psi) (x,y) = phi(x,y) + psi(x,y) and (lamdaphi)(x,y) =lamdaphi(x,y) for all scalar lamda, x elemen U, y elemen V  and phi, psi elemen B(U, V, W).


To the Editor: —Dr. Loewy's criticism of my recent paper on jaundice is valid criticism—if the galactose tolerance test of liver function is as good as Dr. Loewy thinks it is. My estimate of the galactose test for liver function, as shown by not mentioning it, is shared by most writers of textbooks in this country dealing with the clinical aspects of jaundice. I may mention that Osler's Modern Medicine, 1926, describes seven tests but not galactose; the Oxford System (Rolleston's Treatment of the Subject) does not mention it; Blumer's Bedside Diagnosis describes eight tests but not galactose; Oxford Monographs on Diagnosis and Treatment lists twenty-five tests, among them galactose, but makes no comment on its use or estimate of its value. In current literature of this country, the galactose test has been discussed but generally discarded. Snell, Greene and Rowntree ( Arch. Int. Med. 36: 273 [Aug.] 1925), after a


The rarity of thrombo-angiitis obliterans in women is revealed by the fact that a total of twenty-two case reports have appeared in the literature. We have recently had a very unusual experience in observing this disease in two sisters. To our knowledge this is the first observation of its kind. We are thus prompted to present the clinical histories. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.— P. L., a Polish Jewess, aged 34, who came under observation on Sept. 4, 1937, had noticed five years before that walking produced an aching pain and cramps in her feet and legs. Her claudication became progressively worse, so that at the time of examination she was unable to walk more than one-half block. The pain was relieved only after a few minutes of rest. She also complained of cold feet and noticed their pale appearance. She had formerly been employed as an artificial flower worker


Abstract Western Eskimo makes great use of an intensive stress, totally lacking in Eastern Eskimo. While Eastern Eskimo has a tidy system of syllable weight which produces rhythm, words in Western Eskimo can sound prosodically very different triggered entirely by the shape of the initial syllable. And yet, these differences exist across a spectrum. All Eskimo languages recognize a syllable with a long vowel or diphthong as heavy, but the ability of the closed syllable to show prominence differs, hypothetically, due to particular associated processes in each variety of Eskimo.


When coconuts are required in large numbers say 150 to 180 nuts per hour, manual dehusking becomes tedious and labour cost increases steeply. So the process needs to be mechanized. So this paper describes about process of operation and working principle. The shearing blades on roller are attached over cylindrical rollers through its length. When blades rotate, at a high torque, coconut is pricked by blades and due to inertia of both blades rotating in opposite direction coconut cannot rotate along with both the blades simultaneously, Hence coconut is sheared apart at blade and husk intersection. This process carries on till entire coconut is completely dehusked. This machine is economically far better than manual method in terms of per unit basis. Also overall costs will become lesser in long run for mass dehusking for which this machine is intended to do. Each key part of the model was individually analyzed in Ansys for forces acting on that individual part. In our model key parts were Frame, Roller and Gear. A standard procedure was followed for analysis of all parts. The detailed step is described in Analysis chapter. This model was analyzed in ANSYS Version 16. Modeled machine is exact in dimensions with actual machine. Modeling was done in Solid works 2015.


Sustainability is known to be a worldwide issue. In a situation where fossil energy consumption, pollution, and climate change have all become problems for human societies, the need for a comprehensive review and modification of the building rebirth seems to be essential. This is particularly true given the challenges on today's global agenda, as renewable energy consumption requires that attention be paid to ideas and construction methods alike. Consequently, analyzing and investigating traditional architecture is one possible solution. Traditional Iranian architecture is a valuable template for the creation of more environmentally friendly buildings. In fact, it can be useful to investigate past experiences for underlying and worthy patterns if there is any hope of creating a better future. Kermanshah is one of the capital cities of Iran and has a rich heritage, valuable historical buildings, ancient civilization, and an architectural identity heavily influenced by the past. This research aims to explore the elements of sustainable architecture outlined by environmental and economic approaches of traditional Iranian buildings in Kermanshah. The cases that are analyzed include the traditional bazaar, holy building and mosque. This research found that Kermanshah has an architectural identity that conforms to the regional climate and environment. It also noted the use of renewable sources as passive strategies in these traditional buildings for energy efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental solution. For example, using domed roofs, introverted building form, dark color, and Ivan, among others, can be listed as some of the sustainable parameters found in Kermanshah traditional buildings.


Various trials have been proceeded to develop forage feeding systems that meet nutritional requirements for meat producing sheep and goats under the SCC-81 project: Sustainable Small Ruminant Production in the Southeastern United States. Small ruminants are fed most of their required nutrients from forages to increase the profit to the livestock producers. However, pasture-based production systems have a limitation because of seasonal variation of nutrient contents in pastures. This often means pasture alone does not always provide adequate nutrition for fast growing animals. Furthermore, different forms and energy levels of diets influence carcass composition and meat properties in food animals. Meat animal carcasses vary in composition through genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. In general, dressing percentages of sheep and goats ranged from around 40% to 60%, and their shoulder and leg cuts represent more than half of their entire carcass weight. Pasture-based systems of meat production have sustained low live weight gains relative to those achieved with intensive grain-based systems. Subsequently, sheep and goats finished at pasture have produced lighter carcasses with a low fat content, which is rich in beneficial fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Meat-producing sheep and goats with high-energy intake generally increased the juiciness, tenderness, and texture of their meat, but the consumer acceptability was lower because of higher content of fat in their meat than those from sheep and goats finished on forage diets. A brief overview of the recent works in the SCC-81 project will be presented in order to illustrate the impacts of newly developed forage feeding systems on carcass characteristics and meat quality of sheep and goats.


This article is related to recent phenomena which followed the intensification in public demand for accountability in education. A focus has developed not only on the need to improve levels of student achievement, but on the school principal to assume responsibility in the attempts to meet this need. From an intellectual perspective, this article is grounded in the expanding line of research on the relationship between attributes of the school principal and levels of student achievement in the principal's school. To suggest that the principal might play a pivotal role in the enhancement of student achievement is not to ignore the central role which students and teachers have in how well students perform. In fact, because of the centrality of students and teachers, research results about the impact of the principal are mixed. In the 1970s there was evidence already about the existence of the principal's influence (e.g., Deal & Celotti, 1980; Edmonds, 1981). But it was also found (e.g., Phi Delta Kappa, 1980; State of New York, 1974) that principals in highand lowscoring schools have similar qualities. Some later conclusions (e.g., Glasman, 1986; Heck, Larsen, & Marcoulides, 1990) pointed to an extremely complex relationship between attributes of principals and levels of student achievement. It was also suggested that the relationship is indirect and probably two-directional. Various researchers found principals in high-performing schools to have different attributes than those in low-performing schools. For example, Huff, Lake, and Schaalman (1982) found them to have stronger affective traits and cognitive analytical skills. They also found them to be more involved with change in a more focused way. Bossert, Dwyer,


Faraday waves with three modes, on the interface between superposed liquids in an infinite boxed basin subjected to vertical excitation, were studied. The longitudinally exciting acceleration is decomposed into two modes. The solutions are constructed using the method of multiple timescales. The solvability conditions are exploited to derive a system of nonlinear autonomous six-order ordinary differential equations governing the modulation of the amplitudes and phases of the resonated waves. These equations have been used to determine steady-state solutions and hence their stability. The conditions of existence of both regular periodic and chaotic regimes are obtained analytically and in numerical applications pictures.


The present investigation on estimation of acetamiprid residues in cotton lint, seed, oil and soil was conducted at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (MS) India. The results of harvest time residues of acetamiprid evidenced that cotton lint samples contained higher amount of acetamiprid residues as compared to cotton seed and oil. None of the treatments showed residues in cotton lint and seed below MRL (0.1 mg/kg). However, in cotton oil residues were detected below MRL except in oil samples collected from acetamiprid + cypermethrin (20+100) g, acetamiprid + quinalphos (20+1000) g and acetamiprid + chlorpyrifos (20+1000) g a.i.ha treated plots. The residue levels of acetamiprid in soil samples were below MRL in all the treatments. The overall results concluded that these newer insecticidal combinations (acetamiprid + cypermethrin, acetamiprid + chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid + quinalphos) can be used as effective tools in management of cotton insect-pests with a word of caution that they carry residues much above MRL. As such this schedule needs to be recasted using lower concentrations for harvest time residues.


Determining the best BUMDes is not easy, because the decision making for the best or not the best BUMDes is still done manually without using computerization. To do this, it takes a long time and avoids mistakes in determining the best BUMDes, for that we need a decision support system that will help make decisions. The decision support system is a system that can be helpful and easy to use so that decision makers with the best alternatives make decisions in the process of determining the best BUMDes. The VIKOR method is a fairly simple method that can be used in decision making to analyze multi criteria. The VIKOR method is based on ranking and selecting from a set of existing alternatives, it can be used to rank many criteria, both qualitative and quantitative. In the VIKOR method, the best value is the smallest value, not the largest value. The calculation results of this method will be as expected if the selected alternatives meet the predetermined criteria. Thus a decision support system is needed so that it can help make the right decisions in determining the best BUMDes.