2 INTRODUCTION TO COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER Enhancement of heat transfer surface has developed over the years and is the main focus in the heat exchanger industry. Enhanced surface yield higher heat transfer coefficient when compared to un-enhanced surfaces. A surface can basically be enhanced in two ways, either active enhancement which requires deployment of external power which is obviously high in operational and capital cost thus commercially unviable, and passive enhancement which involves adding extended surface (e.g. fins), or employing interrupted surface (e.g. corrugations). Compact heat exchanger can be classified in two ways, plate types or primary surface heat exchanger. The hydraulic diameters for most heat exchangers are very small and often located in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm. Some advantages are observed in compact heat exchangers compared to the traditional shell and tube heat exchanger, such as high thermo-hydraulic performance, small size and compact volume. These advantages make compact heat exchangers very attractive in various industrial applications. Compact heat exchanger has wide applications


In this article, the authors point out main problems and perspectives related to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol in Italy. After a brief and general introduction for explaining main concerns and institutional frameworks involved in the development of international procedures suitable to deal with the problem at a global level, the status of Italian actions in the different economic activities is presented. Finally, without any pretension to be exhaustive and with the appropriate cautions related to the number of available figures, statistical predictions are presented for Italy that highlight the main trends in the emissions of the effluents considered in the Kyoto Protocol.


Researchers have found that valuation measures have some power to forecast long-horizon (say 10-year) stock market returns. There is no unique valuation measure known to be perfect, and the most common choices have their pros and cons. Even then, for many years, researchers and practitioners have made use of these evaluation techniques. This paper reiterates the importance and usefulness of these valuation techniques to explain investor's required rate of return of the stocks in the Indian Capital Market. Using Shiller P/E ratio, P/E ratios, dividend yields, volume traded and volume traded per shares outstanding; in addition to the CAPM model, this study looks at the efficiency of the Indian market on a daily and monthly basis. It further investigates their predictive ability to show that in most cases these factors have improved the prediction results.


This work presents experimental studies into the energy efficiency of multiwave mixing in complex molecular media exhibiting higher order nonlinearities in two cases: volume holograms in the standard geometry of degenerate four-wave mixing and self-diffraction of the recording waves from thin dynamic gratings. The use of different combinations of mutually aligning polarizations for interacting waves enables one to determine the contribution into the interaction efficiency of various dynamic gratings and nonlinearity mechanisms. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light-field polarization state on orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves is established. Comparisons between the contributions of the polarization and "normal" gratings recorded by identically polarized light beams into the process of multiwave mixing demonstrate that the ratio of these contributions is dependent on the intensity of interacting waves. By variations in the propagation direction of a reading wave a change from four- to six-, eight- and ten-wave mixing may be realized.


The invention oligonucleotides nine species with nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1-9 or a functional body (functional homologues), or oligo the oligonucleotide containing the nucleotide composition and the oligonucleotide or a functional body or the one containing a nucleotide using the composition provides a method of treating a B-cell tumors. The oligonucleotides stimulate the production of IL-10 up regulator ratings (up-regulating) of CD40, and also B cells from tumor cells on, the B cell tumor cells, and induce this picture sheath (apoptosis) of B cells, tumor cells ( The stimulation). Oligonucleotide, B cells, this picture sheath (apophtosis), tumor cells, for functional body, tumor.


The recent introduction of high dynamic range CMOS-cameras with logarithmic response to light intensity, justify a serious evaluation of the technology as an alternative technology for laser profiling. This paper presents a series of comparative tests of a high quality CCD-camera and a high-dynamic range CMOS-camera. Standard gray scale charts are used to verify the intensity response and the signal to noise ratio at different f-stops. It is shown that the high dynamic range of the CMOS-sensor makes the camera suitable for differential image laser profiling. Furthermore, the cross-section of steel rods and wires are observed to verify the industrial applicability of the different standards. Both, material at room temperature and red-hot glowing steel bars were measured. The advantages and disadvantages for each technology are shown on the basis of these tests. Finally, a laser profiler was manufactured with the CMOS-camera and successfully implemented in a steel-mill.


Typically, primary fountain frequency standards are tested at elevated microwave powers in order to check for potential frequency shifts due to, e.g., microwave leakage or cavity phase gradients. Usually such tests are performed at nπ/2 microwave pulse area (n an odd integer), where the microwave power is set to these values typically by maximizing the contrast of the central Ramsey fringe. We have experimentally demonstrated that in this case for different n a varying clock state composition after the first Ramsey interaction can be obtained, if the average microwave power seen by the expanding atom cloud is different during the first and the second transition through the Ramsey cavity. In the presence of a clock state composition dependent collisional shift, this effect gives rise to different collisional shifts for operation at different nπ/2 pulse area.


ABSTRACT Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological process that occurs during heart failure (HF). It involves microstructural remodeling of normal myocardial tissue, and consequent changes in both cardiac geometry and function. The role of myocardial structural remodeling in the progression of HF remains poorly understood. We propose a constitutive modeling framework, informed by high-resolution images of cardiac tissue structure, to model the mechanical response of normal and fibrotic myocardium. This image-driven constitutive modeling approach allows us to better reproduce and understand the relationship between structural and functional remodeling of ventricular myocardium during HF.


A laundry dryer of the present invention comprises: a support having a pair of guide members installed to face each other; an operation part having a pulley installed at one side of the central axis installed at the upper part of the support, and connecting an outer circumferential rope to rotating the central axis by releasing linked by pulling the rope; a first line connected to the central axis and reeled with the rotation of the central axis; a holding part having multiple holders installed crossing the guide members and being moved at the guide member, while connecting the central axis and the holders located at the upper part with the first line, and connecting the holders with a second line to have the holders elevate in order by the operation part.


Abstract Ozone and 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxirane react with substituted 2-thiouracils and pyrimidine-2-thione to afford several interesting desulfurized products. The effect of the solvent, protic as opposed to nonprotic, on the course of oxidation was striking.


Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The Libretto: Making Foreign Policy 2. The Score: Media and Popular Culture 3. The Stage Set: Images and Attitudes 4. Production Aspects: Lobby Techniques and Finances 5. An Overture: The Case of Cyprus 6. The Cast: Pro-Arab Lobbyists and Interest Groups 7. The Cast: Jewish Americans and Pro-Zionist Lobbies 8. Act One: The Ford Administration 9. A Major Production: The Anti-Arab Boycott Campaign 10. Act Two: The Carter Administration 11. Curtain Calls: The Present and Future Bibliographic Essay Index


The study of food culture should consider the cultural aspects of human activities related to a series of actions, from the acquisition of food from the environment, through cooking and eating with cutlery, to finishing the digestion process. This chapter focus on the level of 'ethnic food', equivalent to 'national food', paying special attention to its relationship with 'foreign food'. Chinese civilization had a strong influence on the history of East Asian culture, comprising China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. The biggest event in the history of Japanese traditional food culture was the introduction of paddy rice cultivation in the first half of the final millennium BC. By starting rice cultivation, Japan became a full-scale agricultural society, and the nation was established. Since then, rice has become the most important food in the Japanese diet. Traditional Japanese cuisine was developed with the goal of skills to match the taste of rice cooked without any seasoning and of sake made from rice. In the Edo period (1603-1868), when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the country was isolated from foreign influences. During this is period the traditional Japanese food culture reached its maturity. In the early 20th century, 'western food stores' where popular western cuisine could be eaten prospered in the cities. However, in a western restaurant, rice was more likely to be served than bread, adapting western cuisine to match the taste of Japanese customers. This is how a unique local western cuisine was born, including curry with rice and pork cutlets, croquettes, omelette and rice, and so on. However, western food was only eaten at home by upperand middle-class families, whereas common people maintained their everyday eating habits as an extension of the Edo period. Today, traditional Japanese cuisine is renowned for its healthiness due to limited use of meat and fat. Also, by emphasizing the natural taste of ingredients based on the principle that 'no cooking is the ideal way of cooking', Japanese cuisine appears


Nowadays, due to the new, healthy nutrition habits, consuming honey is frequent again, because of the prebiotic, antioxidant, antibacterial and antimutagenic effect of honey. Some honey types collected in Hungary are mentioned as "Hungarycums" in number of countries of the World. Nevertheless, adulteration of honey can cause a considerable problem in the economy. To prevent, or detect adulteration it is important to know the exact characteristics of honey types. In our experiments two honey types – acacia and rape – were investigated. All the samples were collected in 2011 and originated from different counties of Hungary. Our aim was to study the sugar composition and pollen content of these honeys to establish and compare the mentioned parameters.


The standard model picture of flavor and CP violation is now experimentally verified, hence strong bounds on the flavor structure of new physics follow. We begin by discussing in detail the unique way that flavor conversion and CP violation arise in the standard model. The description provided is based on a spurion, symmetry oriented, analysis, and a covariant basis for describing flavor transition processes is introduced, in order to make the discussion transparent for non-experts. We show how to derive model independent bounds on generic new physics models. Furthermore, we demonstrate, using the covariant basis, how recent data and LHC projections can be applied to constrain models with an arbitrary mechanism of alignment. Next, we discuss the various limits of the minimal flavor violation framework and their phenomenological aspects, as well as the implications to the underlying microscopic origin of the framework. We also briefly discuss aspects of supersymmetry and warped extra dimension flavor violation. Finally we speculate on the possible role of flavor physics in the LHC era.


In this theoretical paper, but written primarily for experimentalists, the author lays out the detailed formalism for detecting broken symmetry states in correlated electron systems.


Whereas a selective yet representative sample of Anglo-American scholarship undermines its own intentions to explain Gadamer's language-ontology and theory of time by confusing the ground of beings with beings, Cheng and Gadamer explain how a transformation in human existence allows for a temporalization of Being in time that incorporates the subjectivity of the human subject. This argument draws on the dual structure of their cosmogenic worldview in the source and origins of their traditions (Lao Zi/Heraclitus) and has implications for Cheng's organistic model of causality: It depends on mechanical causation to understand things in themselves.


This paper is being developed in Blazer on industrial engineering. In the last few decades, the global economy, in particular in international commerce and manufacturing organizations, has evolved substantially. The technical framework of today is thus distinguished by productivity-oriented, which can be accomplished by industrial engineering. This paper presents the different principles & approaches used in industrial engineering, such as time analysis, work studies, line balancing and the outcome of organizational disintegration tests in Blazer. This research has focused on several kinds of machinery to produce a Blazer. The traditional manufacturing industry has issues such as low efficiency, longer lead time, high rework & re-work, poor line balance, low style shift flexibility, etc. The implementation of Industrial Engineering correctly resolved these issues. This study looks at how to develop Blazer's processes by using Industrial Engineering, wasting less resources, time, raw materials, human capital and electricity.


fMRI is a widely used method to detect the activated brain regions due to a stimulus application. Commonly, it employs the BOLD contrast, which is based on the correlation between physiological function, energy metabolism and haemodynamics. However, the BOLD signal is weak and noisy, so that, an accurate mathematical model to describe the Haemodynamic Response Function (HRF) to activation is needed.


Diabetic wounds are one factor that causes biological, psychological, social, spiritual and economic problems and death due to sepsis. Diabetic wounds easily develop into infections due to the entry of germs or bacteria and the presence of high blood sugar becomes a strategic place for germ growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of honey and sofratulle on the diabetic wound healing process of patients with 2nd type of diabetes mellitus in Bhayangkara Hospital Pekanbaru. The research design conducted was pre-experimental research with the design of one group pretest-posttest. The study began on December 17, 2018 - January 17, 2019. The study sample consisted of 20 respondents divided into 2 groups, 10 respondents as the experimental group of wound care with honey and 10 respondents as the experimental group of wound care with sofratulle. The analysis data technique used was independent t-test with a value of α = 0.01. Based on data processing using SPSS obtained p value of 0,000 <α and at significance value p <0,001, then the results obtained were statistically were differences in the effectiveness of honey and sofratulle on diabetic wound healing patients with diabetes mellitus at Pekanbaru. The suggestion was to apply the use of honey as a wound care agent because it has good effectiveness for the wound healing process.


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Abstract : The DECISION System Specification is a technical document written for software development personnel. Together with the DECISION Functional Description, it guides the software development effort by identifying the functional requirements and by providing structured logic diagrams that depict the flow, control, and processing of information within the system. The System Specification is generic and is intended to guide and facilitate the preparation of the language-specific program documentation and coding that are necessary to implement and operate DECISION at an installation.


In the Dec.2004,the experts of intelligent building technology experts committee of ministry of construction CHN reviewed and tested the ENC building automation system based on the Ethernet in Tianjin P3 Avian Influenza Lab.that is developed by automatic project center of building of Beijing.The experts all gave a high apprise on this system.The author was very glad to take part in this travel and this article introduced the Ethernet BA system framework based on ENC system module,explained the software and hardware design and its application in the building automation system of P3 Avian Influenza Lab.


Knowing the response of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the environmental factors present in the different sowing seasons has been recognized as an important criterion in the genetic improvement for tolerance to drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the response of P. vulgaris lines in the late sowing season. Seeds of 12 lines obtained by selecting the cultivar 'BAT-93' were used. Besides, seeds of the commercial cultivar 'BAT 93' were used as control. The percentage of emergence was calculated 7 and 14 days after sowing. At the harvest, the number of legumes per plant and the number of seeds per plant were quantified. In addition, morphological characters such as the shape of the legume and the color of the seeds were evaluated. The lines presented emergency percentages higher than 90%. The number of legumes per plant varied between three and nine. The response regarding the number of seeds per plant was not in correspondence with that obtained for the number of legumes per plant in all the lines. The lines that presented the best response during the late sowing season were IBP-9 and IBP-19. These differed in the degree of curvature of the legumes and in the color of the seed. These are promising lines to be used in late sowing season. Keywords: common bean, legumes, seed


A method according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, inter alia, controlling an electrified vehicle by increasing the accelerator pedal released regeneration in response to the exceeding of a system regeneration limit.


The paper describes the position of Italian economy within the international scenario of production internationalisation. Trends of foreign direct investment flows in Italy are analysed both considering FDI inflows and FDI outflows. Moreover, the degree of industry passive and active multinationality of the Italian manufacturing sector is analysed. To this aim, we computed two indices by looking at the share of multinational firms' production in Italy, using three-digit level data. The comparison between passive and active multinationality highlights the peculiar position of Italian economy characterised by a low level of active multinationality and a high level of passive multinationality in science based sectors. In specialised sectors the importance of active multinationality is, on the contrary, higher than for passive multinationality.


This paper presents a method of measuring the distance using a video camera designed to assess the distance the user is from the camera and be exploited industrially for applications such as Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The measurement method uses a statistically determined average interpupillary distance for both men and women and has been implemented in Python. The eye position detection was performed using the OpenCV library.


In the past, second-harmonic (SH) studies of monolayers have often been applied to systems with C∞
 υ
 -symmetry, in most cases to systems consisting of rodlike molecules [1]. These samples are axialsymmetric with respect to the surface and possess a mirror plane of symmetry normal to the surface. If the molecules are replaced by chiral molecules of one enantiomer, this mirror symmetry is broken and the system C∞-symmetry. In the following, this is called surface chirality. Because these monomolecular films are very thin, this symmetry break can hardly be detected using linear optical techniques such as optical activity measurements. However, if the molecular chirality influences the part of the nonlinear structure responsible for SH generation, surface chirality can be detected by using nonlinear optical techniques.


This study aims to analyze the effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) and Earning Per Share (EPS) on Stock Returns in the food and beverage industry sub-sector companies. In determining the sample of this study using purposive sampling method, namely determining the sample by making certain criteria that are sourced from financial data on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, there are 11 sample companies from 34 company populations. The data analysis method used descriptive statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing in this study uses the t test to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. While the f test is used to determine the effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), and Earning Per Share (EPS). Current Ratio (CR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Earning Per Share (EPS) simultaneously have a significant effect on Stock Return. Current Ratio (CR) and Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) partially have no and insignificant effect on Stock Returns, while Earning Per Share (EPS) partially has a significant effect on Stock Returns


Photograph of General Emilio P. Campa. The second man from the left is General Jose Ines (Ynez) Salazar. Upon reaching its destination, the train would explode inflicting a lethal amount of damage.


Ten strains of lactobacillus from the CNRZ collection were tested as adjunct culture in miniature washed curd cheeses manufactured under controlled bacteriological conditions with two different starters, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL 416 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM2. Lactobacilli growth seemed to be dependent on the Lactobacillus strain but was not influenced by the starter strain or counts. Lactococci counts were higher in the miniature cheeses with AM2 starter and added lactobacilli than in the control cheeses without lactobacilli. Gross composition and hydrolysis of s1 casein were similar for miniature cheeses with and without lactobacilli. In the miniature cheeses manufactured with IL416 starter, the lactobacilli adjunct slightly increased the soluble nitrogen content, but that was not verified in the AM2 miniature cheeses. Phosphotungstic acid nitrogen content increased in miniature cheeses manufactured with IL416 when Lactobacillus plantarum 1572 and 1310 adjunct cultures were added. That was also verified for several Lactobacillus strains, specially Lactobacillus casei 1227, for miniature cheeses manufactured with AM2 starter. Free fatty acid content increased in miniature cheeses made with lactobacilli adjuncts 1310, 1308 and 1219 with IL416 starter, and with strains 1218, 1244 and 1308 for miniature cheeses with AM2 starter. These results indicate that production of soluble nitrogen compounds as well as free fatty acid content could be influenced by the lactobacilli adjunct, depending on the starter strain.


Purpose - The objective of the present study is to examine the extent, quality, nature and trends of environmental disclosures of Malaysian property development companies for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Design/methodology/approach - A content analysis was undertaken of the annual reports of a sample of public listed property development companies in Malaysia for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. The content analysis examined extent, nature and quality of disclosures, utilising number of sentences for extent and the Clarkson Findings - Malaysian property development companies do not appear to respond to the increased public concern due to recent landslide incidents by increasing the extent or quality of environmental disclosures in their annual reports. Both extent and quality of environmental disclosures are very low and most companies provide mostly "soft" disclosures. They also make very few "hard" disclosures, comprising objective, verifiable data. Thus, the Malaysian Government needs to seriously consider making environmental reporting mandatory and to provide more detailed and comprehensive environmental reporting guidelines. Another major finding is that companies are not consistent in the extent, nature or quality of environmental disclosures made over time. Originality/value - The paper provides empirical evidence of the extent, quality and nature of environmental disclosures in an environmentally-sensitive sector. It is the first study in a developing country to utilise the Clarkson


A binary broadcast channel with a single input X isin {0, 1} and two outputs Y1 isin {0, 1}, Y2 isin {0, 1} is examined. We assume that each state or noise Si = Yi  oplus X, is independent to each other, and is known to the sender but unknown to both receivers. The capacity of the channel, which is defined as the maximal rate of the common information reliability transferable to both receivers, is shown to be C= 1 - (1/2)(S1 oplus S2)


Acousto-optical imaging spectrometer based on double AOTF for World Ocean monitoring with suitable characteristics and high quality spectral imaging for ecological monitoring applications is described.


A Nyquist sampling receiver architecture is proposed for the IEEE 802.15.4a wireless personal area network (WPAN) standard. This architecture allows for signal duty cycling between the pulse bursts, which reduces the average power consumption of the receiver. Two receiver implementations are described with their own pros and cons.


The mechanism that the turnable gyroscope can turn is studied. A turnable gyroscope with various turned angle that can be observed is developed.


This work proposes an Energy Management System (EMS) for a Micro-grid composed of a Photovoltaic system (PVs) with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), an electrolyzer and a storage system composed of batteries and hydrogen tanks. When PV production is lower than load demand, the lack of power demand is provided by the fuel cell with low dynamics and batteries with high dynamics. There current references are calculated using a constrained Explicit Model Predictive Control (EMPC) taking into account the dynamic of each element. When PV production is higher than load demand, the fuel cell is idle and its current reference is zero. According to the State of Charge (SoC) of the batteries, the storage elements charging current reference is balanced between them. The EMS performance is evaluated by simulation results.


The invention provides a method for milling a large diameter thread of titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy material pieces, which particularly aims at machining threads, with a large bore diameter over M30, of a difficult-to-machine material such as high-temperature alloy or titanium alloy. Due to the adoption of the digital control technology and the analysis of parameters of the large diameter thread, a thread milling cutter is determined; spiraling is mainly realized by the motions of a machine tool during machining, so the important thing of thread milling is how to control the motions of the machine tool, and particularly the thread milling has higher requirements on the machining parameters; and the method improves the machining efficiency and simultaneously ensures the thread verticality and the thread surface finishment, so the quality of thread machining is greatly improved.


Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) measurements of the structure of two Australian bituminous coals (particle size of 1-0.5 mm) before, during, and after exposure to 155 bar of helium were made to identify any effects of pressure alone on the pore size distribution of coal and any irreversible effects upon exposure to high pressures of helium in the pore size
range from 3 nm to 10 μm. No irreversible effects upon exposure were identified for any pore size. No effects of pressure on pore size distribution were observed, except for a small effect at a pore size of about 2 μm for one coal. This study provides a convenient baseline for SANS and USANS investigations on sorption of gases at elevated pressures on coals, by distinguishing between the effect of pressure alone on coal pore size distribution and against the effect of the gas to be investigated.


The superexchange interaction between transition-metal ions via oxygen dianion was investigated by the ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method. It is found that the magnitude of the effective exchange integral (Jab) for the CuOCu unit is far larger than those of the NiONi, CrOCr and FeOFe units. Implications of this result are discussed in relation to the high Tc superconductivity for Ba-La-Cu-O and R-Ba-Cu-O (R=Y, etc.).


Abstract The allocation of resources for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and health is a dynamic throughout the life of an animal. Resources are finite, and where allocations are directed is a function of an individual's genetic background, stage in the life cycle, and environmental challenges. Included in this paper are discussions of the concept of resource allocation with examples from experiments.


The following study has two purposes. The first is to examine key research concerning the process of change in professional development of teachers. The second is to document the experiences of a group of teachers who have made a voluntary attempt to implement the use of computer technology in their classroom teaching for the year of 1996 to 1997. Foothills School District is attempting to introduce new uses of computer technology in the area of Language Leaming for staff and students. The primary goal is to facilitate the collaborative process of professional development with a focus on the integration of computer technology in Language leaming instruction from grade 6 to 12. Ideally, all Language Leaming teachers involved in the project, 10 teachers, will successfully change their teaching to some degree and apply the new uses of computer technology in the classroom. This study provides qualitative evidence of the process of change in professional development. The knowledge provided is useful for teachers, administrators, and school authorities as a point of reference for implementing change in their division.


Improving the mechanism for developing, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of state programs will help to reduce socio-economic problems in the Russian Federation. The article examines three areas for improving the quality of implementation development and evaluating the effectiveness of state programs: improving the organizational mechanism for their development and implementation, improving the quality of the formation of target indicators of state programs and the universalization of the methodology for calculating the degree of their achievement, the development of the regulatory framework. Keywords—economy; strategic planning; state program; program-target approach; methods of evaluating the effectiveness of state programs; social-economic development


To investigate whether the results of the ultrasonographic (US) measurement of post‐occlusive changes in the diameters of cavernosal arteries after administering phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE‐5) inhibitor vardenafil could be associated with the response to vardenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), as currently there are no reliable methods for predicting the success rate of oral PDE‐5 inhibitors.


As supremacy1 and direct effect characterise European Community law,2 many questions concerning its validity and interpretation arise in the Member States. Who adjudicates those questions? Courts at the European level, national (constitutional) courts or both? The preliminary reference procedure under Article 234 EC3 answers this question of competencies.4 Article 234 EC can be qualified as a procedural link between the national courts and the European Court of Justice (ECJ); it provides that "The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a) the interpretation of this Treaty; (b) the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c) the interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.


ABSTRACT This paper discusses the multiple ways in which rural economic wealth in the New Georgia islands of the western Solomons has been built up in both ephemeral and enduring ways through several decades of intensive industrial logging on customary lands. The scale of wealth accumulation in the rural western Solomons and the often associated process of dispossession of communal natural resource rights are rarely taken into account in discussions of political economy in early 21st-century Solomon Islands. Through this paper, changing configurations and trajectories of accumulation and dispossession are traced. The comparison of two distinctly different processes whereby collective social agency over customary land is weakened, ultimately for accumulation in the hands of a few, involves a discussion about the centralisation and disintegration, respectively, of customary chieftainship in New Georgia. This leads to a more general assessment of how authority over customary land in Melanesia can be the subject of large-scale dispossession.


Objective To reconstruct the surface of humerus by a serial of 2D contours, and implements a reconstruction of 3D visualization of 2D contour using VTK under VC++ IDE. Methods Through applying the method of capturing data of digitalized visible human, we reconstructed and viewed the 3D structure about humerus. Results The three-dimension structures on humerus, including greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, crest of greater tubercle, crest of lesser tubercle, sulcus of radial nerve, sulcus of ulnar nerve, capitulum of humerus, trochlea of humerus, coronoid fossa, fossa radialis humeri, fossa olecrani, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle etc, were reconstructed. The three-dimensional images perfectly displayed the anatomical relationships of the structures on humerus. All reconstructed structures could be represented conveniently. Conclusion This research is based on CVH dataset and VTK, and it has realized humerus reconstruction of 3D, which will provide some support and reference for further researching other structure visualization of human body, also for visualization in scientific computing and teaching in anatomy.


The genetic background of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is poorly understood compared to other dementia disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic background of VCI in a well‐characterized Finnish cohort.


PROBLEM: The mechanism through which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulation occurs at the feto‐maternal interface is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various cytokines on VEGF expression and secretion by trophoblast cells.


In recent years, and in the context of globalization, wineries in the Old World underwent important changes: The increased heritagization of the winescapes and of their tangible and intangible components (architecture, wine traditions) combined with the intervention of iconic artists and renowned architects, with the launch of events, with the arrival in the vineyards of the personalities of the show business, etc. These changes invite us to consider the new winescape as a paradigmatic landscape of more general mutations in hypermodern Western societies. In this article, we operate a parallel between trends in the winescapes and those that characterize central metropolitan areas or international elite's resorts. Three trends appear to be most important: the era of artist capitalism; the incursion of the marks and labels transforming the winescapes in brandscapes; the role that tourism plays in these transformations. These trends are relevant, not only for the understanding of changes in the winescapes but, more generally, for the understanding of the relationship that contemporary societies maintain culture and nature.


The prevalence in this country of the plants known as short and giant ragweed, together with the propensities of these plants for causing allergic conditions in human beings, is too well known to require further elucidation here. Allergic asthma and hay-fever due to ragweed are among the commonest disorders seen by general practitioners and by specialists. Skin tests, consisting of a superficial scratch to which an extract of the pollen of the plant is applied, are in universal use to determine the sensitiveness in the patients in question. It does not seem necessary here to go into detail concerning the technic and evaluation of the tests, on account of the voluminous literature dealing with these points. Another fact which has frequently been observed and reported is that allergic asthma and hay-fever are often combined or associated with eczematous and urticarial eruptions of various types, occurring either in the same patient


Objective To observe the different surgical methods and effect of primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.Methods 40 eyes of 36 cases with primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract,phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was performed on 28 eyes,phacoemulsification,IOL implantation and trabeculectomy was performed on 9 eyes,the surgical procedure of glaucoma had firstly been performed and then phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was done on 3 eyes.Follow up was 1-12 months.Results Postoperative vision had increased in different degress.The intraocular pressure of 25 eyes were normal and 3 eyes were nomal under the drug control in the group of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.The intraocular pressure of 9 eyes with the tripe procedure and 3 eyes with the second operation were well controlled.Corneal edema in 5 eyes,including 3 eyes(10.71%) in phacoemulsification and 2 eyes(22.22%)in the tripe procedure.2 eyes with postoperatively significant exudation in anterior chamber were all in the tripe procedure.Conclusion The right methods selected according to the result of the examination can reduce the intraocular pressure and improve vision with fewer complications.


Extensive numerical simulations of cosmic-ray-mediated shocks have been carried out in the two-fluid model, examining the time-dependent evolution of the shocks in plane-parallel and spherical symmetric geometries. The plane shocks eventually reach equilibrium states in a time controlled by the development of the shock precursor. The time is typically two orders of magnitude greater than the cosmic-ray diffusion time, and depends on the degree of shock restructuring required to attain equilibrium. Spherical shocks are not found to reach equilibrium. It is found that supernova shocks can transfer about 10 percent of their blast energy through diffusive processes into cosmic rays at the end of the adiabatic Sedov-Taylor phase. 35 refs.


In order to understand the transfer rule of loads of ultra-long piles in loess flood land and collapsibile loess in the northwest of China,and determind the vertical bearing capacity of a single pile,the static load tests of a single pile are done.The test conclusions are useful reference for the design of ultra-long piles.


A novel integrated electronic tongue has been developed for the concentration determination of trace heavy metal ions in aqueous media. It combines an Au microelectrodes array (AuMEA) with a multiple lightaddressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) on a silicon substrate. AuMEA contains 30 times 30 individual 10 mum diameter Au disk microelectrodes, upon which thin mercury film is electrodeposited. Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetry (SWASV) is used for simultaneous analysis of Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) with AuMEA. Parallel detections of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) are based on MLAPS with two ion-selective chalcogenide thin films which are formed on two 2mm times 2mm Au surfaces. Measure results show parts-per-billion sensitivity of the six ions mentioned above


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritic disease associated with remissions and exacerbations and characteristic genetic, clinical, pathological, and immunological features. The present study was designed to evaluate some immunological parameters of some Iraqi patients with RA. The study was carried out on 75 Iraqi RA patients who were referred to the consultantand which divided into 59 female and 16 male, treated and non-treated. The diagnosis of those patients has been performed under supervision of a specialist physician in rheumatology. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique has been applied for the detection of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and (Interleukin-1α (IL-1α). The study revealed that the mean age for RA patients was (46.16±1.24) years with age range (20-67) years. The results of (anti-CCP) antibody showed significant increase in non-treated patients 86.67% (P<0.01) than Methotrexate (MTX) 70.0%, Etanercept(ETN) 53.33% treatment, also in MTX treated patients was significant increased than in ETN treatment while the mean of (IL-1α) was significant increase in non-treated patients 24.57±3.73 pg/ml than in MTX treated patients 13.54±1.16 pg/ml, ETN treated patients 13.06±0.83 pg/ml and healthy control 13.69±1.61 pg/ml. .


Network knowledge management in companies does not work without proactive motivation of their users. This paper describes the development of different benchmarks to assess users' performance and shows a novel approach to stimulate their willingness to actively share their knowledge in their collaborative work by the use of visualisations.


This paper introduces the definition of Marx's theory of an individual's overall development.The analysis is oriented to the relationship between Marx's theory of an individual's overall development and the quality education for college students.The enlightenment of Marx's theory of an individual's overall development on quality education among college students is also discussed.


Abstract : A general finite difference formulation of the incompressible Navier- Stokes equations in terms of the vorticity and the stream function is presented for turbulent internal flows. Turbulent models such as algebraic eddy viscosity models, and the low Reynolds number two-equation k-epsilon models were systematically studied. Numerical solutions are presented for both separated and non-separated subsonic diffuser flows with either a sublayer coordinate stretching or a low of the wall matching procedure. Excellent agreement with experimental data is obtained for the fully developed channel flow. Agreement with data from an 8-deg conical diffuser is also good. The detailed flow-field structure for separated diffuser flows can be obtained including the prediction of the separation point.


As submarine-launched missile moving under water, the complex force can cause severe impact and vibration to it. The mechanical characteristics analysis of a missile shell was considering it as a simple structure for cylindrical shells structure mostly. In this paper, the shell is considered as two stages with a contact section. The structure dynamics was analyzed under axial and radial loading respectively, and the results were compared with a single-stage shell model.


Method of testing a probe card (156) comprises the steps of positioning the probe card 156 in prober 152 on the verification wafer (501) disposed on the stage 159. The probe card 156 is in contact with the contact area 503 of the verification wafer (501). Verification wafer 501 includes the shorting plane (502) surrounding the contact region 503. The The test signal is sent to the probe card 156 through the verification wafer (501). The response signal from the probe card 156 is received and analyzed.


Shear wave splitting analysis is one of the most commonly used techniques in crust and mantle deformation. In this paper, we show the derivation process of theoretical equations of the split wave, introduce several shear wave splitting analysis methods, and then summarize the progress of research on crustal anisotropy using shear wave splitting analysis. Although the shear wave splitting analysis method is widely used in the study on crustal anisotropy, it also has some inherent limitations. A reliable method and procedure of data processing to accurately obtain shear wave splitting parameters was expected in future.


Assuming that onboard data analysis or selected data transmission to the ground will enable to identify quasars showing a complex structure within a field of 3", GAIA observations will lead to the detection of a complete sample of more than 3,500 (resp. 2,000) gravitational lenses among optical quasars down to the limiting magnitude V = 21 (resp. V = 20). These brightest multiply imaged quasars distributed all over the sky will offer unique tools for decis ive astrophysical and cosmological applications, including reliable and independent constraints on the cosmological parameters Ω0 and λ0. Given the angular resolution and dynamical range of GAIA in its direct imagery mode, we may wonder how many gravitational lenses could be discovered among quasars down to a limiting magnitude V = 20 21 over the whole sky (41253 square degrees)? To answer this question and for sake of simplicity, we model the foreground galaxies as Singular Isothermal Sphere (SIS) lenses, and assume a population of galaxies made of 30% of E/S0 (σ* = 225 km/sec, corresponding to a value of the efficiency parameter for macro-lensing F = 0.025) and of 70% of spiral (σ* = 144 km/sec, F = 0.007; cf. Fukugita and Turner 1991). Given a galaxy with luminosity L, corresponding to a value σ for its velocity dispersion (Tully-Fischer or Faber-Jackson), located at a redshift zl, and under the conditions of a perfect alignment, a background quasar will be imaged as an Einstein ring having an angular diameter 2θE = 8 π Dds σ 2 / Dos c . If the alignment is not perfect, the ring will break in two lensed images having an angular separation also equal to 2θE, whose magnitude difference ∆m increases as the alignment between the observer, the lens and the source gets worse (but θS 19,15. In our calculations, we have considered the case of a quasar with zq = 2 and B-V = 0.3. As illustrated in Figure 3, the total optical depth τ decreases with larger V mag. of quasars because the magnification bias decreases and that the dynamical range of GAIA also becomes less favourable (equal to zero above V = 23). Figure 3: Optical depth τ for macro-lensing (left ordinates) and number of QSOs per mag. bin as a function of their V apparent magnitude (right ordinates).


From seven cultivated varieties of chestnut trees (Castanea mollissima), phenol contents in the buds had a strong correlation with the resistance to chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus). Yangshan Chestnut had the highest phenol contents and the lowest gall percentage . On the contrary, Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) had the lowest phenol contents and the highest gall percentage.


Summary
1. In this issue we aimed to answer the questions: (i) under what circumstances are functional variables better than structural ones for assessing ecosystem health? and (ii) are there good indicators of change in ecological functioning along perturbation gradients?

2. Of the numerous functional indicators tested in this issue, several show a response to anthropogenic stress and could be included in assessments of ecosystem health and integrity in running waters.

3. In three of eight studies, function showed a stronger response to anthropogenic stress than structure, whereas one study showed a response in structure and not function, and four studies showed responses in both structure and function. Thus structure alone could not detect all types of impairment and functional aspects should also be included and further developed for assessing running-water ecosystem health and integrity. Functional variables may be especially useful in situations where there is a stronger response among organisms not usually included in stream assessment (e.g. fungi and bacteria) than the commonly used invertebrate, macrophytes and fish indicators.

4. Leading research questions related to the use of functional indicators in running waters include: (i) how large is natural and operator-induced variation for functional indicators? (ii) how small of an effect size (delta) can be detected using structural versus functional indicators? and (iii) how do we efficiently improve theories as well as predictive ability for functional measures to assess the effects of anthropogenic stressors?

5. To advance the use of functional indicators in applied running-water studies, we need to supplement the approach of using large-scale datasets and correlation with ecosystem manipulations.


To investigate the effects of quaternary ammonium (QA) modification on the structure and antibacterial activities of montmorillonite (MMT),octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DODAC) were separately intercalated into MMT,and the variations of the d001 spacing and antibacterial activities of MMT were investigated as a function of QA dosage.The d001 spacing of MMT increases with the dosage of OTAC and DODAC firstly.When the mass ratio of OTAC/MMT is greater than 35% or the mass ratio of DODAC/MMT is greater than 15%,the d001 spacing starts to decline slightly.Meanwhile,OTAC or DODAC arranges in different angles in the interlayer of MMT and forms superstructures.In the water dispersion system,the antibacterial activity of MMT increases with the QA dosage firstly.Because superstructures will restrict the contacting between bacteria and MMT or QA,the antibacterial activity decreases sharply when the superstructure appears.Under drying conditions,however,the superstructure affects little on the anti-mould ability of MMT and all the MMTs modified by various kinds and dosages of QA show excellent anti-mould activities.


The aim of the DACSEIS project is to deliver recommendations on the use of variance estimators under complex survey designs in the presence of nonresponse. Since mathematical comparisons on the efficiency of variance estimation methods in this field are generally unavailable or lead to irrelevant results, adequate simulation studies have to be carried out that are based on realistic data sets. To be able to carry out a simulation study in the frame of complex designs one has to draw samples from a universe respecting for the true sampling design. However, in many cases, no data or only outdated data are available for the universe which leads to the need of adequately generating a micro data set from the sample. Within this paper, a procedure of generating the universe for the German microcensus, which is a 1% sample of the population living in Germany, will be presented. The procedure allows for an adequate consideration of the individual information on a limited data set and can therefore be used as a basis for the simulations on variance estimation methods on the German microcensus data.


We report the structure, magnetic property, and spin polarization of CoFeMnGe equiatomic quaternary Heusler alloy. The alloy was found to crystallize in the cubic Heusler structure (prototype LiMgPdSn) with considerable amount of DO3 disorder. Thermal analysis result indicated the Curie temperature is about 750 K without any other phase transformation up to melting temperature. The magnetization value was close to that predicted by the Slater-Pauling curve. Current spin polarization of P = 0.70 ± 0.01 was deduced using point contact andreev reflection measurements. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity has been fitted in the temperature range of 5–300 K in order to check for the half metallic behavior. Considering the high spin polarization and Curie temperature, this material appears to be promising for spintronic applications.


Korean Chinese refer to those who moved from the Korean peninsula to the northeast area of China from late 19 century to early 20 century, and the people who have gathered in group as minority ethnics and their descendents in China during the establishment of northeast Asia as modern nation. Originally, Korean Chinese has maintained ethnic community with strong homogeneity while 90% or more of the population resided together in the northeast area of China. However, through political and economical modification of northeast Asia in the 1990s, mass immigration occurred to their homeland Korea and seaport city in China under development, so they are rapidly changing from 'Local agricultural group' anchoring in the place to an 'Transnational civil group' exceeding boundaries. Such existence of moving Korean Chinese became social issue in Korean and China, and is bringing up many debates related to their legal position such as 'brother' and 'foreigner', 'legal' and 'illegal', 'recovery of nationality' and 'dual nationality'. The paper will review the movement of Korean Chinese and the change of their legal status in a contemporary view, and holds its purpose to consider how individuals interpretㆍutilize nationality through the case of families. Today, mutual reaction between the intangible 'Transnational social space', which formsㆍmaintains through movement over the boundaries of nations, and the tangible 'nation-state space', which restricts movement within the territory, is becoming gradually complex. The nationality which this paper focuses on as 'legal bond linking the nation and the people' will be the keyword for showing such relation. In addition, individual interpretation and utilization regarding nationality will become an example which provides multi-meaning of nationality in the age of total globalization, that is, 'nomadic vision' which differs from 'settler essentialism'.


Review question / Objective: Evaluate and compare the effectiveness of hypertonic saline and mannitol in patients with traumatic brain injury. Rationale: Traumatic brain injury is one of the main reasons for death and disability worldwide. Generally, the frequency of traumatic brain injury in Europe is >2,000 per million yearly; guidelines suggest more conservative interventions, e.g., raising of the upper body, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and the use of hypertonic saline or mannitol before executing decompressive craniectomy. It is still uncertain whether hypertonic saline is better than mannitol in managing pediatric and adult patients with traumatic brain injury. The present systemic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of hypertonic saline compared to mannitol for managing TBI in traumatic brain injury. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included based on the described eligibility criteria using PICOS: P (Population); I (Intervention); C (Control); O (Outcome); S (Studies); only clinical trials and cohort studies published in English were selected.


An important problem in cognitive radar is to enhance the estimation performance of the system by a joint design of its probing signal and receive filter using the a priori information on interference. In such cases, the knowledge of interference statistics (particularly the covariance) plays a vital role in an effective design of the radar waveforms. In most practical scenarios, however, the received signal and interference statistics are available subject to some uncertainty. An extreme manifestation of this practical observation occurs for radars employing one-bit receivers, where only a normalized version of interference covariance matrix can be obtained. In this paper, we formulate a waveform optimization problem and devise an algorithm to design the transmit waveform and the receive filter of one-bit radars given such uncertainties in acquired interference statistics. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is corroborated through numerical analysis.


Objective To investigate the expression and clinical correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in cervical carcinoma.Methods The expressions of HIF-1α in 40 cases of formalin-fixed,paraffin-embeded cervical carcinoma tissues,10 cases of cervicitis tissues and 10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissues,were examined using StreptAvidin-Biotin Complex immunohistochemical method.Results HIF-1α was mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cell.It was expressed in each group with different levels,But the expression rates of HIF-1α in cervical carcinoma were significantly higher than those in cervicitis tissues and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissues(P 0.05).They were well associated with the clinic stages,radiosensitivity,5-year survival time and meta-stasis as lymph node,skeleton,liver,lung etc of the carcinoma(P 0.05).Conclusion The high level expressions of HIF-1α may serve as meaningful indicators for early diagnosis,predict distant metastasis and radiation sensitivity,clinical prognosis of the cervical carcinoma.


This contribution addresses the statistical assessment of cables performance via the precise computation of S-parameters statistics. These data are derived by Lagrange interpolation of a given set of measurements assuming uncertainties around terminal load. The proposed philosophy provides useful information to characterize systems under uncertain constraints.


This research presents new data and insights into the critical success factors of TQM and the relationship between TQM implementation and employee satisfaction . The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of TQM implementation on employee satisfaction in the context of Indian chemical Industries. As very few research on TQM has been done in the developing countries, so our aim is to analyze the status of the Indian chemical industries for TQM implementation, as India is becoming a major sourcing base for the world and there is a paucity of such research.


Background and purpose: Oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1, a novel oncogene) and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX, a suppressor gene of tumor) are both usefully predictive indicators for metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. However, the metastatic and prognostic value of ORAOV1 and WWOX in infiltrating breast cancer (IBC) are still unclear. The aim of this study to analyze relationship between ORAOV1 and WWOX in IBC, and their respective relationships with clinicopathological features and survival in IBC. Methods: The expression of ORAOV1 and WWOX in 232 whole IBC tissues and control specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Patients clinical and follow-up data were also collected. Results: Level of ORAOV1 was significantly higher and level of WWOX is significantly lower in IBC tissues than those in control tissues. Level of ORAOV1 is positively related with size of tumors, T stage, grade of tumors, lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and expression of HER2, and negatively with expression of ER and PR, as well as patients overall survival (OS) time. Level of WWOX is negatively related with size of tumors, T stage, LNM, TNM, and expression of HER2, and positively with expression of ER and PR, as well as patients with OS time. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and COX regression analysis showed that positive expression of ORAOV1 and WWOX, as well as TNM stages were potential to be metastatic or independent and prognostic indicator for patients with IBC. Conclusions: ORAOV1 and WWOX represent promising metastatic and prognostic indicators, as well as potential therapeutic targets for patients with IBC.


Learning Objectives: Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IVJ) following local inflammation caused by bacterial invasion is known as Lemierre's Syndrome and commonly caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. F. necrophorum septicemia presents mainly in young, previously healthy patients and is associated with a toxic appearance, fevers, malaise and sore throat. Methods: A 20 year old male with no past medical history developed malaise, fever and sore throat and sought outpatient care. Epstein-Barr virus heterophile antibody test, influenza and rapid streptococcus antigen test were negative and azithromycin was started. Days later patient presented to an emergency department with increasing dyspnea and hypoxia requiring intubation. Computed Tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground glass opacities and peripheral opacities concerning for a fungal infection. Bronchoscopy showed an erythematous airway. His acute respiratory distress syndrome worsened over the next 24 hours. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TEE) showed a non-compromising loculated pericardial effusion over the right atrium and right ventricle. Levofloxacin, vancomycin, ceftazidine, cospofungin and fluconazole were started. When blood cultures grew F. necrophorum, antimicrobials were changed to clindamycin, levofloxacin and meropenam. After some clinical improvement, a repeat TTE demonstrated improving pericardial effusion, manual drainage was therefore not attempted. CT neck revealed a 3cm peritonsillar abscess (PTA) requiring drainage, but no filling defects of the IJV were noted. Patient was discharged on hospital day 8. Results: F. necrophorum is commonly associated with Lemierre's Syndrome, typically affecting young adults and is defined by filling defects or emboli in the IVJ; overlying soft tissue swelling and pulmonary emboli are not uncommon. Our patient with F. necrophorum bacteremia did not have evidence of emboli within the IJV and therefore was not truly Lemierre's syndrome. We present a novel presentation of F. necrophorum with two central axis abscesses: a self-resolving pericardial abscess and a PTA that was drained.


This study proposes six steps that scientific institutions should undertake to increase the visibility and accessibility of their dissertations; these steps were implemented in the digital library of the University of Novi Sad. An analysis was conducted thereafter to evaluate the success, and it was found that the six steps and associated strategies were successful, with 400,000 downloads having been performed since the digital library was operational. Although this study presents six steps for improving electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD) discoverability in the digital library at the University of Novi Sad, these steps can easily be customized and implemented for ETD digital libraries at any scientific institution.


The failures of some systems depend on age and amount of accumulated usage. A common example of such systems is the automobile; the life of which is measured by both time in service and mileage. Warranty claims of the systems contain a large amount of information about reliability, such as failure times, usages and failure modes. Using warranty data to model reliability as a function of time and usage provides a more accurate and realistic estimator.This paper describes warranty data structure and censoring mechanism. A sequential regression method is proposed to model mileage accumulation from warranty claim data. The model and mileage failure data are used to evaluate the patterns of failure occurrences at different mileages. The paper then establishes the relationship between reliability and time in service and mileage. The unknown parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood method with time and mileage censoring. The reliability model is used to predict the number of warranty claims, and the number of failed vehicles which do not generate warranty claims due to mileage exceeding warranty limit. In the paper, an example is presented. The example shows that the predicted number of warranty claims has a good agreement with the actual number of claims.


murder conviction. After 18 years in prison for a crime that he did not commit, Washington was released from prison on February 21, 2001, but is expected to remain on parole until 2004. "The Aftermath" of Washington's life is revealed in chapter 15. The author discusses society's expendable men and also the secrets of capital punishment. She also looks at the wrongful convictions that have been made about Earl Washington, Jr., saying that he "was freed not because ofa system designed to excise error, but in spite ofone committed to affirming its own judgments." This chapter recaps the events that were required to save Earl Washington, Jr.'s life. It also discusses the reforms that are needed in the system. On June 20, 2002, a much needed reform was realized when in Atkins v. Virginia (536 U.S. 304) the U.S. Supreme Court banned the execution of mentally retarded offenders. Ending on a happy note, this final chapter tells of Washington's success in the period after his release. Aside from the weaknesses already mentioned, the second half of the book is devoted to an explication of this case's involvement with the legal system, which can be tedious. Students reading the book would need to have a working knowledge of legal jargon used in death penalty cases. Despite these few weaknesses, the story explores the dark side of the system of capital punishment. The book not only goes into great detail in recording Earl Washington, Jr.'s near-execution but also incorporates some history of the Virginia legal system. I would recommend An Expendable Man to anyone who has a passion for the law and for students studying criminal justice.


An empirical analysis of the lived experiences of more than 2,000 households in different Bangalore slums shows how migration patterns, living conditions, livelihood strategies and prospects for the future vary widely across distinct types of slums that were initially identified from satellite images and studied over a 10-year period. Shocks and responses vary in nature and intensity, and coping and accumulative strategies diverge across slum types. More fine-grained policy analyses that recognize this diversity of slum types will help people deal with shocks and increase resilience more effectively. By the end of the Millennium Development Goal's target year, 2015, India had been declared as a country, which has made moderate progress in terms of improvement in basic sanitation provision for all. Yet open defecation is still a regular practice of a significant proportion of the population in both urban and rural areas. The Indian government has been trying to address this problem for the last three decades through different programmes. However, though the effort is laudable, in reality, the countrywide situation is not so praiseworthy. Lack of sanitation provisions affects people in different ways with different intensities along the lines of class, gender, age, disability, and marginality. In Bangalore city, due to lack of proper sanitation facilities, a significant portion of the population uses public toilets, which are less in number compared to the demand. People face a variety of difficulties and hurdles in using public toilets, and as a result, continue to practice open defecation during the night and early morning. Among the users, women and adolescent girls suffer more than the others. Moreover, in this city, a significant portion of the population faces acute water crisis during the dry months. This empirical study tries to explore the different ways through which women and adolescent girls are affected by the lack of safe sanitation facilities within the house premises. The article also argues that lack of sanitation provision should be considered as a matter of violence against women and adolescent girls because the situation makes them vulnerable to the risk of being violated or sexually abused. This study showed the importance of further rehabilitation and awareness needed for the slum improvement. It encourages for a holistic approach towards improved individual and community led development programs in slum areas. Thus, not only clean water, but abundant water close to home, sanitation which does not just provide better health but also dignity and the hygiene education is important for improved lives in slums.


Abstract Single crystals of LaNb 7 O 12 were obtained by annealing a mixture of La 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and Nb in 1:1:1 molar ratio with NH 4 Cl in a sealed quartz tube. LaNb 7 O 12 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c with cell parameters a = 10.762(1), b = 9.192(1), c = 10.314(1) A, β = 104.25°, and z = 4 formula units per cell. The structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to a residual of R ( F ) = 0.037 and R w ( F 2 ) = 0.077 for 119 variable parameters and a unique data set of 1400 observations [ I > 2σ( I )]. The essential building units of the structure are Nb 6 and NbO 6 octahedra and La ions in eight coordination of oxygen. Two NbO 6 octahedra corner-share to form a pair and connect with Nb 6 octahedra via oxygen atoms. Nb 6 octahedra share both apical and inner oxygen atoms with neighboring Nb 6 to form columns of Nb 6 O 12 clusters along the c axis. The Nb 6 O 12 clusters exhibit 14 valence electrons in M – M bonding states. LaNb 7 O 12 is a semiconductor with an activation energy of 0.08 eV. The magnetic susceptibility data show weak temperature-independent paramagnetism. The Madelung part of the lattice energy has been calculated and is discussed.


Due to the over-harvesting of low valued wood for the production of low and medium density particle boards the forest resources are decreasing day by day and hence finding new substitutes for producing particle board is a major concern nowadays. This study attempts to fabricate and examine the structural and mechanical properties of banana pseudo-stem-based particle boards that are capable to serve as a cost effective and technologically viable substitute to the conventional wood chip. Banana pseudo-stem has been used as the raw material with commercially used urea formaldehyde resin as the binder. A systematic experimental study is carried out to examine the effects of parametric variation (particle-board density, resin concentration and thickness of the sample) on the physical and mechanical properties of the particle-boards such as tensile, compressive and maximum crushing strength, screw holding strength etc. The fabricated particle-boards exhibit excellent mechanical and physical properties. It is found that the physical properties greatly vary with thickness, density and percentage of binder used in the particle board. For a constant density of the particle board, 12 mm thick boards exhibit the maximum internal bond strength and the strength decreases with increasing thickness. Both the maximum crushing strength and screw withdrawal force are obtained at a resin concentration of 9%, while both higher and lower resin concentration give inferior results. The particle-boards fabricated in this study can have significant potential for substituting wood-based particle-boards in a range of applications.


Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Four Rural Elementary Schools in the Southern United States by Rhonda D. Kelley MA, Jackson State University 2002 BA, Mississippi State University Doctoral Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University March 2018 Abstract School personnel are concerned that reading gaps of grade 3 and grade 4 students have persisted in 4 rural elementary schools in the southern United States despite the use of ability grouping to improve student reading proficiency scores. Between the 2014-2016 school years, less than 50% of students in grades 3 and grade 4 scored at the proficient level in reading at the 4 target rural schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the teachers' and administrators' perceptions regarding the influence of grouping on the reading performance of students in grades 3 and 4. Using Vygotsky's framework, the research investigated teachers' and administrators' perceptions of grouping and nongrouping in relation to students' reading progress, socioeconomic status, and achievement gaps between minority and non-minority students. Using purposeful sampling, interview data were collected from 4 administrators who met the criteria of working in a target site that used ability and nonability grouping. Teacher data came from focus groups, and surveys from 15 teacher participants who met the criteria of being certified in English Language Arts, and assigned to Grades 3 and/or 4 in ability orSchool personnel are concerned that reading gaps of grade 3 and grade 4 students have persisted in 4 rural elementary schools in the southern United States despite the use of ability grouping to improve student reading proficiency scores. Between the 2014-2016 school years, less than 50% of students in grades 3 and grade 4 scored at the proficient level in reading at the 4 target rural schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the teachers' and administrators' perceptions regarding the influence of grouping on the reading performance of students in grades 3 and 4. Using Vygotsky's framework, the research investigated teachers' and administrators' perceptions of grouping and nongrouping in relation to students' reading progress, socioeconomic status, and achievement gaps between minority and non-minority students. Using purposeful sampling, interview data were collected from 4 administrators who met the criteria of working in a target site that used ability and nonability grouping. Teacher data came from focus groups, and surveys from 15 teacher participants who met the criteria of being certified in English Language Arts, and assigned to Grades 3 and/or 4 in ability or nonability grouping environments. Using emergent coding, themes supported the findings that assessment strategies are positively and negatively perceived, nonability grouping is preferred, reading achievement is perceived as higher in nonability grouping, and gaps in learning are influenced by socioeconomic status. Based on this research the use of nonability grouping may promote greater positive social change that will enhance student success in reading. Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Four Rural Elementary Schools in the Southern United States by Rhonda D. Kelley MA, Jackson State University, 2002 BA, Mississippi State University Doctoral Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University March 2018 Dedication This Doctor of Education degree is dedicated to my late mother and father, Mrs. Helen J. Kelley and Mr. John Wesley Kelley. These former educators were dedicated to the profession of education and I truly appreciate their love for other children whom I had the privilege of sharing them with. I did not understand it then, but now I know what an honor it is to share knowledge with those who seek it; and the world is made a better place to live and to grow. I have become a lifelong learner and it is a pleasure to live, to learn, and to share. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the people who understood the struggle and appreciated the journey. I will forever be grateful for your encouraging words, kind acts and enduring friendship. To Shonnette, my only sibling, to my best friends, Myra, William Charles, Kathy, Susie, and Pastor Stribling, you are the greatest. Delore, Joyce, and Sarah, I can't forget all your help and the late-night conversations and tutorials. I would also like to thank my chairs Dr. Mohamed Tazari and Dr. Mary Lou Morton; my second committee member, Dr. Amy Gaskins for all your help and encouragement to complete this journey, with all the obstacles and heartaches, you were there for me helping me to realize my dream of academic success.


There is given an n × n multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant plant of m cascaded sections P = Pa Pb... Pm, each an n × n matrix of transfer functions. The m vector outputs y, ya...,ym−1;y = Pa ya= Pa Pb yb =. = Pa Pb Pmu =δ Pu) can be measured and the data used for feedback purposes. Each Pi is known only to belong to a given set 𝒫 i due to uncertainty in the plant parameters. P is embedded in a feedback structure with an n × 1 command input vector r = (r1,..., rn)', and m free n × n loop compensation matrices to be chosen by the designer. There are assigned specifications on the n2 system transfer functions fuv(s) = ŷ(s)/[rcirc]v(s), to be satisfied for all Pi; in ℬ i,i = a,b,...,m. The basic problem is how to divide the feedback burden among the m available loop matrices. The technique presented in this paper is based upon two synthesis techniques previously devised for the following two problems: (1) the same as above but for single-input single-output (SISO) systems with each pl...


An ambient-temperature salient-pole iron rotor excited by a single superconducting winding is retrofittable into a conventional stator. The concept is illustrated by application to a prototype design of a 1.5 MVA superconducting generator. The fault test response transient is obtained by a frequency response method based on finite element magnetic diffusion solutions.


THIS is a specialist book on a specialist subject, the finer details of which are known to so few Westerners that a knowledgeable review except in generalities would require another parallel study. In it, the author describes the arrival of Western medicine in China and its relationship to traditional Chinese medicine up to the present day. The work involved must have been phenomenal, judging by all the references to committee meetings and speeches of doctors and politicians. Mr. Croizier writes about " the social usefulness of traditional medicines psychotherapeutic functions." He considers that its objective therapeutic value is nearly nil, that it is practised in China because there are not enough Western doctors available, and that it is used for political propaganda. He does not, however, go quite as far as an article in the Lancet a few years ago which suggested that Chinese trained in Western medicine were—because of their scientific training—critical of whatever they observed and such training was therefore discouraged while that of the traditional doctor was advocated. But, in the West, penicillin, insulin, vitamin B 12 and other drugs are used because they work. Why cannot the Chinese be credited with the same logic? If only the author had realized that Chinese traditional doctors are just as sincere as their Western counterparts, and that thensystem, if properly applied to diseases amenable to their treatment, produces good results. The Chinese were impressed by Western medicine, since by surgery an irreversible process can sometimes be excised; something which they could not do. But the main advantage of Western medicine is in sanitation and hygiene, which probably save more lives than all medicines put together. Since they took it for granted (much as we do piped water and electricity) the Chinese were slow to realize the good effects of their own medicine and only realize its value when deprived of it. Now, however, Chinese medical students study either Western or traditional Chinese medicine although, when studying the traditional system, they must learn at least the basis of Western medicine.


A patient's will statement is a document of special importance. In accordance with the provision included in the pro futuro statement, the patient declares that in certain situations in the future he does not want any or specific medical interventions to be taken against him.The purpose of this article is to present the subject of the pro futuro statement with the indication of the problems related to the use of this statement. The issue of a patient's will statement regarding medical intervention will be analyzed based on available Polish and international legislation related to this issue and the analysis of specialized literature in this area.


Omnivorous insects make foraging decisions between plant and prey resources depending on their accessibility, availability, and nutritional value. This shapes the stability and complexity of foodwebs, but also pest control services in agroecosystems. The mirid bug Lygus pratensis is a common cotton pest in China, but it also feeds on a variety of prey species. However, little is known about how different types of available resources affect its �tness and foraging behaviour. In laboratory experiments, we measured the �tness (survival, longevity and fecundity) of L. pratensis fed with bean pod only, bean + Aphis gossypii nymphs, or bean + Helicoverpa armigera eggs, and we also conducted focal observations of its foraging behaviour when provided the latter two. Adding H. armigera to its diet increased its �tness (both survival and fecundity), while adding A. gossypii was marginally detrimental. The different diets did not affect the time spent walking (searching for food resources) or preying, but signi�cantly affected the time spent sapping bean tissue depending on L. pratensis life stage. Nymphs spent more time sapping plant when provided with H. armigera than A. gossypii (possibly through higher e�ciency of handling prey). In addition, adults spent less time sapping plant than did nymphs (possibly through good e�ciency of handling A. gossypii mobile prey and due to higher protein requirements). This special case of life-history omnivory highlights the complexity of natural foodwebs, where a major pest at the juvenile stage may reduce pest damage by preying on other pests species at the adult stage.


The investigation of proton localization at the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface is an important problem in chemical and materials sciences. In this study, protonated benzene (i.e. benzenium ion) and water clusters (BZH+Wn (where n = 1 - 6)) are selected as prototype models to understand the interfacial interactions and proton transfer mechanism between carbonaceous surface and water. The excess proton can localize in the vicinity of hydrophobic-/hydrophilic interface and these clusters are stabilized by various kinds of noncovalent interactions. Calculations are carried out using ab initio (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP methods to shed more light on geometries, energetics, and spectral signatures of the protonated species (H+(H2O)n) at the interfaces. These calculations revealed few low-lying isomers which have not been reported earlier. Scrutiny of result reveals that proton localization at the hydrophilic environment is more stable than the hydrophobic benzene π-cloud. Further, the occurrence of O-H+•••π hydrogen bond significantly influence the O-H+•••O interactions in the water clusters and also intensively affect the vibrational modes of Eigen cation. Thus, the aromatic π-clouds can stabilize the Eigen cation and at the same time, a twisted form of Eigen (one O-H+•••π → two O-H+•••π) can enhance the proton transfer through the water chain via a Grotthuss type mechanism. The vibrational spectra of these clusters reveal that there is a large red shifted frequency for the O-H+•••O, O-H+•••π and O-H•••π modes of interaction. The energetic values and vibrational frequencies obtained from the B3LYP method are in close agreement with the MP2 level and experimental values, respectively.


This article is the second part of a two-part analysis exploring how Native Americans and landowners can use conservation trust mechanisms to protect tribal interests on privately held lands in the United States. Part I suggested four models of tribal engagement in private conservation. This article (Part II) evaluates the four models according to criteria such as legal vulnerabilities, tax implications, tribal access and control, and funding mechanisms. It delves into the intricacies of private transactional conservation tools and examines unique issues and concerns pertaining to tribes and native interests. By comparing the four models, this article provides a framework for tribes to formulate private conservation strategies. It concludes by identifying policy and legal initiatives to seed a tribal trust movement across the United States.


Objective To observe the effect of treating knee osteoarthritis with small needle knife plus joints washing. Methods All cases were randomly recruited into a control group(73 cases) and a treatment group(75 cases). The treatment group was treated with small needle knife plus joints washing, and the control group was treated with meloxicam and applying diclofenae extemally. Methods The curative rate showed significant difference between the two groups(X2= 19.62, P 0.05 ).Results Joint function of patients in the treatment group was notable improved after the treatment (X2=9.21, P<0.01) . Conclusion The therapy with small needle knife plus joints washing has good effect in treating knee osteoarthritis.

Key words:
Small needle knife. Joints washing;  Knee osteoarthritis


The adsorption of proteins and other large molecules at the liquid-solid interface often involves a surface-induced transition in either internal conformation or molecular orientation. Recently, Van Tassel et al. modeled this adsorption/transition process as the sequential surface placement of spreading disks. In this work, we employ the scaled particle theory (SPT) to derive approximate analytical expressions for the probability functions appearing in the kinetic equations for this model system. Specifically, the probability functions governing the adsorption and spreading events are calculated in terms of the reversible work required to create cavities in a binary system of spread and unspread disks. Compared to those derived earlier via a density expansion theory (DET), the SPT approximated probability functions are simpler and more accurate (compared to simulation), and are applicable over a wider set of parameter values. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.


An important aspect ofwireless networks is thedynamic behavior, cross-layer design isthecentral technique tocopewithandutilize this behavior. Inthis paper, we present thecross-layer design foradaptive modulation and coding (AMC)withHARQ.Foreachoftwowidely used HARQ techniques-chase combining and incremental redundancy, the close-form functionsof average retransmission time, averagedelay andaveragethroughput are derived fora specific modulation andcoding scheme (MCS). Basedon thederived functions, a novel MCS selection methodisproposed. Meanwhile, we give theanalysis ofhow manyretransmission isneeded.


Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that can lay dormant in healthy individuals and establish lifelong latent infection. This successful co-existence is facilitated by a number of viral gene products that manipulate host cellular functions and immune responses. Among these immunomodulatory genes are four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by HCMV, designated US27, US28, UL33, and UL78. Studies have shown the US28 gene product to be a functional chemokine receptor that signals both constitutively and in a ligand-dependent manner, resulting in a wide range of cellular effects. In previous work, we have found that US27 expression results in at least two biological effects: enhanced CXCR4 signaling and increased in cellular proliferation in HEK293 cells. Here, we examined the involvement of two protein domains, the DRY box and the C-terminal intracellular domain (CTD) of US27, in mediating both cell proliferation and survival. While both domains were required for a proliferative effect, loss of either domain only moderately impacted cell survival, suggesting that US27 may interact with cell survival pathways through protein regions other than the DRY box and CTD. Quantitative RT-PCR arrays were used to profile changes in cellular gene expression in the HEK293-US27 cell line, and down-regulation of cell cycle regulators CDKN1A/p21/CIP1 (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) and SESN (Sestrin2 or Hi95) was observed. These results indicate that increased cell proliferation due to US27 may be linked to suppression of negative growth regulators, and that these interactions require the DRY box and CTD.


There is currently no comprehensive reference work bringing both sports management and sports marketing all together in one place. This encyclopedia is designed to fill this gap in the literature. On the management side, it introduces principles and procedures of economics, budgeting and finance, leadership, governance, communication, business law and ethics, and human resource practices, all in the sports context. On the marketing side it explores two broad streams: marketing of sport and sport-related products and using sport as a platform for marketing non-sports products, as seen in celebrity endorsements of a particular brand of watch or the corporate sponsorship of a tennis tournament.


This research was aim for describing the farmer perception about black soybean and its realization, and also get the pictures about the factors that influence it by factual. This research used qualitatif-naturalistic approach, collecting data have the character of descriptive in the form of words. This research was counducted in Playen Gunung Kidul in November 2004. The result of research showed that there was no different between yellow soybean and black soybean, in the case of its technical cultivation. Farmers have experiences of soybean planting, so that there was no constraint about black soybean development. The black soybean development constraint emerged from farmer perception which saw that black soybean is difficult to market especially in large quantity, there was no certain market and its price lower than yellow soybean, so that farmer didn't make profit. Factors which were the background of farmer perceptions and influenced the accuracy of perception were internal condition of farmer like farm experience, education / training experience, age, and the condition of farmer external like certainty of price and market. The implication of this research is to develop black soybean need the existence of certainty of market at the equal price with yellow soybean. To change the farmer perception about black soybean, there should be extension action especially about making added value to the farmer. There also should be cooperation, among local government of Gunungkidul, STPP BPTP and other related institution in order to empower the farmer Keywords : Farmers perception, Black soybean development


Supernova remnants (SNRs) have attracted a considerable amount of interest in modern astrophysics from both observational and theoretical perspectives. SNRs play an integral role in numerous processes associated with the evolution of galaxies, including the injection of significant amounts of kinetic energy and heavy-element–enriched material into the interstellar medium. In addition, SNRs have emerged as the leading candidates for the acceleration of cosmic rays within the disks of galaxies through the proposed diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. Observations of SNRs have been conducted at three particular wavelengths, based on distinct processes of energy emission associated with these objects. Thermal bremsstrahlung emission from gas shock-heated to temperatures of 10–10 K, recombination radiation from ionized atomic species such as [S ii], and nonthermal synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons gyrating in the SNR's magnetic field produce X-ray, optical, and radio emission, respectively. Studies of SNRs within our own Galaxy have been hampered by considerable distance uncertainties and massive extinction along Galactic lines of sight, particularly at the Xray and optical wavelengths. In contrast, the study of SNRs located in nearby galaxies—particularly galaxies located at high Galactic latitudes with face-on or nearly face-on orientations—offers the opportunity to examine equidistant samples of SNRs that are nearly free of obscuration. We present a multiwavelength (X-ray, optical, and radio) study of the resident SNR population of the Sculptor group galaxies NGC 300 and NGC 7793 and the northern granddesign spiral NGC 6946. These three galaxies are nearby (2.1, 3.38, and 5.1 Mpc distant, respectively), are located at high Galactic latitudes, and clearly exhibit extensive massive star formation throughout their disks. We have observed these galaxies at the wavelengths of 6 and 20 cm with the Very Large Array (VLA) and complemented this data with our own Ha images and archived X-ray observations made with the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter instrument aboard the ROSAT satellite. We have searched for X-ray and radio emission from previously known SNRs identified in the optical using the [S ii]/Ha method and searched for new candidate X-ray and radio SNRs. We have found that remarkably few of the optically identified SNRs possess counterparts at either of the other two wavelengths: of the 83 optically identified SNRs in these galaxies, only four (N300-S10, N300-S26, N7793-S26, and NGC 6946-S16) were also detected in the X-ray and the radio. N7793-S26 is a very noteworthy source: in the optical and radio it shows a remarkable filamentary structure approximately 450 pc in size, and its radio emission is nearly twice as luminous as the most radio luminous Galactic SNR, Cassiopeia A. Three other optically identified SNRs, N300-S11, N7793-S11, and NGC 6946-S9, feature strong radio emission but no X-ray emission. Our search for new SNRs in NGC 300 and NGC 7793 has produced 21 candidates: 14 candidate radio SNRs and two candidate X-ray SNRs in NGC 300, and five candidate radio SNRs in NGC 7793. Very limited intersection is seen between the sets of X-ray, optical, and radio-selected SNRs in these two galaxies. These results indicate possible selection effects inherent in these surveys: optical surveys favor the detection of SNRs in low-density regions that are relatively devoid of optical confusion. In contrast, radio and X-ray surveys are biased toward the detection of SNRs in high-density regions where optical surveys are severely impeded. Such selection effects may also indicate selection effects for the type of supernova that parents the SNR: the optical surveys are more likely to detect SNRs produced by the explosion of low-mass stars in Type Ia supernovae, while radio and X-ray surveys are more likely to identify SNRs produced by the explosion of high-mass stars in Type II supernovae. To investigate these selection effects, we have conducted a simulation designed to evaluate the dependence of optical detections of SNRs on distance to the target galaxy. By distributing artificial SNRs within the galaxy at positions corresponding to differing amounts of ambient density and varying the distance to the target galaxy, we find that the detection of SNRs using optical methods becomes increasingly difficult with distance and that SNRs that are embedded in regions of high density are not detected even when the galaxy is rather near. These results indicate the need for a multiwavelength campaign to detect a maximum number of SNRs in a galaxy of interest. A study of the average minimum energies of the radio SNRs in NGC 300, NGC 7793, NGC 6946, and the Local Group spiral M33 (which we have


Talkingaboutsemanticchangesofwords,weshouldstudy not only result of changes in themeaningofthe word,but also how the meaning changes.We can use all useful research methods,so that the research on the meaning of words of ancient Chinese language may be more scientific.


Using an analysis of the clique structure and only the most elementary group theory, we determine the automorphism group of the Johnson graph $J(n,i)$, for $n\neq2i$. Although this is a special case of results of Jones [European J. Combin., 26 (2005), pp. 417-435], unlike his proof, ours uses no heavy group-theoretic machinery. We make a conjecture for the case $n=2i$.


We demonstrate a PM dual-wavelength single-frequency Er-doped DBR fiber laser as a stable microwave generation source. The beat frequency of the dual-wavelength is 28.4474 GHz with the linewidth less than 0.3 kHz.


Moringa used as a vegetable and oil source. Moringa pods are an important commercial vegetable crop throughout India. The leaves have a high protein content of 27% and are rich in vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and phosphorus. The Bureau of Plant Industry, in its report, stated that weight per weight, the plant extract is isolated by the steam disitilation using Clevenger type apparatus from the moringa seed and root. The present study was conducted to obtain preliminary information on the antimicrobial activity of plant extract (root and seed) of moringa. Poisoned food method was applied to used in the study in over investigation higest result were found in mixture of methanolic and acetonic extract of moringa root and seed against the fungi.