The analysis of the concept of orbital allows us to argue that—in opposition to a recent position in phi- losophy of science—it is impossible to defend the autonomy of the chemical reality in regard to physical reality, appealing to the idea that there is a conceptual rupture among a chemical interpretation and a quan- tum interpretation of the concept. This is the case because there are not two different interpretations of the concept of orbital. On the contrary, the concept involved in structural chemistry and in quantum chemistry comes from quantum mechanics.


Abstract The Earth in Five Reactions Workshop posed two significant challenges: (1) the formulation of a conceptual definition of "reaction" and (2) the identification and ranking of the "most important reactions" in the context of planetary evolution. Attempted answers to those challenges, collated in this collection of articles, reflect both the opportunities and hurdles when scientists deal with questions of meaning and value.


Hydrodynamic boundary layer is a significant phenomenon occurring in a flow through a bluff body, and this includes the flow motion and mass transfer. Thus, it could affect the biofilm formation and the mass transfer of substrates in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Therefore, understanding the role of hydrodynamic boundary layer thicknesses in MFCs is truly important. In this study, three hydrodynamic boundary layers of thickness 1.6, 4.1, and 5 cm were applied to the recirculation mode membrane-less MFC to investigate the electricity production performance. The results showed that the thin hydrodynamic boundary could enhance the voltage output of MFC due to the strong shear rate effect. Thus, a maximum voltage of 22 mV was obtained in the MFC with a hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness of 1.6 cm, and this voltage output obtained was 11 times higher than that of MFC with 5 cm hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness. Moreover, the charge transfer resistance of anode decreased with decreasing hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness. The charge transfer resistance of MFC with hydrodynamic boundary layer of thickness 1.6 cm was 39 Ω, which was 0.79 times lesser than that of MFC with 5 cm thickness. These observations would be useful for enhancing the performance of recirculation mode MFCs.


I INTRODUCTION This article describes and analyzes the role of U.S. Treasury Department financing provided to sovereign countries from the Mexican debt crisis in August 1982 to 2010. (1) During that period, the Treasury committed to provide fifty financings for twenty sovereign borrowers, totaling about $54 billion, as well as lines of credit for Mexico, which, when rolled over (and over), totaled about $53 billion. (2) Less than one percent of the amount of the financing went to countries outside the Latin American--Caribbean region. (3) All such finance was sourced in the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF), established in 1934 and since then often described by newspapers as "little known." (4) ESF financing was a relatively small, but important part of a broader framework of public-sector financing to distressed governments from such sources as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the central banks of a number of countries, and the Federal Reserve. (5) For the most part, use of the ESF for the purpose of making loans to sovereign borrowers has not been controversial with the public or members of Congress--the major exception to this generalization was the $20 billion of financing offered to Mexico in 1995. (6) Use of the ESF has, in fact, been very successful. Sovereign countries have been assisted in financially tight times, the ESF has made a profit (in terms of the difference between interest earned from sovereign borrowers and the Treasury's cost of funds), all accrued interest has been paid, and every penny of principal has been returned. Whether, in the future, loans from the ESF will be as significant and useful in dealing with sovereign debt crises as they were during the past twenty-seven years, of course, remains to be seen. Certain factors have changed, making it less likely for the foreseeable future that the ESF will be used for sovereign loans to the extent it was during the 1980s and 1990s. The ESF has been used for a sovereign loan only once during the twenty-first century--a five-day bridge loan to Uruguay in 2002. (7) As of the end of fiscal year 2009, the ESF had $104.8 billion of assets. (8) II A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESF The ESF was established pursuant to section 10 of the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (ESF statute), together with the appropriation of two billion dollars, for the purpose of stabilizing the exchange value of the dollar. (9) The Secretary of the Treasury, subject to the approval of the President, was given almost exclusive control over the ESF. (10) With the demise of the par-value system in the early 1970s and the adoption of the second amendment of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978, the ESF's purpose of stabilizing the exchange value of the dollar was eliminated from the ESF statute. The basic authority of the Secretary was described in the statute in the following terms: "Consistent with the obligations of the Government in the International Monetary Fund on orderly exchange arrangements and a stable system of exchange rates, the Secretary ... with the approval of the President may deal in gold, foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities." (11) At the same time, Congress added a requirement to the ESF statute that no loan could be made from the ESF for a term longer than six months unless "unique or exigent circumstances" (12) were present and the President provided Congress with written notice to that effect. (This restriction, while constituting an added burden in ESF-loan transactions, proved useful in responding to occasional challenges that dealing "in gold, foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities" did not include making "medium term" loans of one to five years. (13)) The text of the ESF statute as it existed on September 13, 1982, upon the codification of Title 31 of the U. …


ABSTRACT Objectives A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effects of high-flow nasal oxygen cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in extubated patients with respiratory insufficiency. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 28 February 2021, to identify randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was reintubation within 24–72 hours after a planned extubation. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Six articles with1746 patients were included. The effect of HFNC on the reintubation rate was noninferior to that of NIV (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.85–1.44). The rate of treatment failure was 20.40% with HFNC versus 20.92% with NIV; this difference was nonsignificant (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.72–1.32, P = 0.85). HFNC reduced the rates of skin lesion occurrence (10.28% versus 23.82%, OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.26–0.53, P < 0.00001) and post-extubation respiratory failure (23.76% versus 25.56%, OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.88, P = 0.006), compared with NIV. Conclusions In extubated patients, HFNC was noninferior to NIV in the rate of reintubation and treatment failure. Compared with NIV, HFNC decreased the occurrence of skin lesions and post-extubation respiratory failure.


The circuit topology of a phase-shifting reactor is presented .The structure of the phase-shifting reactor ,the choice of the optimal phase-shifting angle.the determination of turns and the connection mode of the phase-shifting windings etc.are described based on the analysis of the narmonics repression principle.The digital simulation and experimental study of a 6-phase rectifying circuit with the phase-shifting reactor are conducted.reduce effectively The 5.7.11and 13thhanmonic components of the current on the power supply side are effectirely reduced by a 6-phase rectification circuit with the phase-shifting reactor in comparison with a 3-phase fullwave rectifisation circuit without the phase-shiftingreactor.


ABSTRACT Numerous governments around the world have adopted statutory mandates on plan content based on the assumption that they lead to greater consistency and higher quality of plans. While a number of studies have examined the relationship between mandates to develop plans and plan quality, there has been limited study of the influence of state mandates for plan content on plan quality in a regional natural resource management (NRM) planning context. This paper explores the relationship between the quality of regional NRM plans between statutory and non-statutory NRM regions in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. An analysis of 22 regional NRM plans indicates that there is no evidence of a relationship between plan quality and the presence of statutory mandates for regional NRM plans in New South Wales and Queensland. However, the paper identifies and discusses several other factors with unexpected relationships with an impact on the quality of NRM plans in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.


The training and prediction modeling using an artificial neural network was implemented to predict the turbidity of treated water as well as to estimate the optimized feed concentration of polyaluminium chloride (PACl) in a water treatment plant. The parameters used in the input layers were pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity, while those in output layers were PACl and turbidity of treated water. Levenberg-Marquadt method of feedforward back-propagation perceptron in the neural network toolbox of MATLAB program was used in this study. Correlation coefficients of the training data with the measured data were 0.9997 for PACl and 0.6850 for turbidity and those of the testing data with measured data were 0.9140 for PACl and 0.3828 for turbidity, when four parameters at input layer, 12-12 nodes each at both the first and the second hidden layers, and two parameters(PACl and turbidity) at output layer were used. Although the predictability of PACl was improved, compared to that of the previous studies to use the only coagulant dose as output layer, turbidity in treated water could not be predicted well. Acquisition of more data through several years obtained with the advanced on-line measuring system could make the artificial neural network useful and practical in actual water treatment plants.


The majority of marathon deaths are caused by sudden cardia arrest which occurs in approximately 1 in 100,000 runners around the world. In such cases, sudden resuscitation of first aid, including an early use of automated external defibrillator (AED) on runners by medical staff is immediately necessary. However, in some cases patient information of the runner is required to support the clinical decision-making of the medical staff, including the admission to hospital with certain symptoms. To make marathon events safer, we developed a mobile-healthcare emergency assistance application for safety and prevention in marathon events. Our project covers three phases: registration, data analytics and running phases. In the registration phase, we designed and developed a form containing the runner's electronic personal health record filled in during the registration of the runner at the event. For the analytics and running phases, we analyze the data from the registration phase in order to prepare the capacity of resource and medical staff necessary to prevent and treat injuries and accidents including a sufficient number of AED devices. Finally, for the running phase, we developed a mobile application Medic and Track based on the qr code scanning in BIB for patient information that allows to locate the runner's emergency aid point and bring the patient to that rescue point or hospital. We also tested the application on a large number of runners participating in the CMU marathon 2020 with 9721 runners. The results of this study suggest that the purpose of our application can be generally accepted for the medical staff, and it also proved to be a suitable technology to prevent serious accidents in future marathon events.


The learning curve is a graphic representation of the relationship between the experience of a surgeon and one or more performance indicators. Measuring growing experience only by operation time is not appropriate as it does not account for other influencing factors such as complication and conversion rates. The moving average method can be used to demonstrate the changes for the operation time. The cumulative sum technique can chart the changes in the conversion and complication rates. At that time when the learning curve reaches the steady state this representation can be used to assess the quality of a surgeon's performance. As far as there is no validated complexity scale for laparoscopic operations available, it is not possible to compare the performances of different surgeons or hospitals. In summary, the learning curve is a good representation to assess the quality of a single surgeon but not a suitable instrument to rank different surgeons or hospitals.


It is necessary to know the thermal stability and compatibility of explosives and new explosive mixtures for safety and handling considerations. This factor can be measured by detecting the evolved gases as an explosive is heated to decomposition. This technique is known as pyrolysis gas evolution analysis (PGEA). An apparatus was built that would enable Group GMX-3 to perform these PGEA experiments on a routine basis as a complement to the other stability and compatibility tests. The apparatus is based on the prototype developed by R. N. Rogers, Group GMX-2, and is described in detail. The various operating sequences are arranged for safety and ease of performance so that an operator's attention is given to gathering experimental data rather than to instrumentation. A detailed experimental procedure is given in this report, and some preliminary experiments made to check the performance of this apparatus are described. Calibration procedures are also included. Preventive and corrective maintenance procedures are given. Illustrations and typical curves complete the report.


A refrigeration dehumidifier with a recuperative heat exchanger is theoretically analyzed. The recuperative heat exchanger is located between the two air streams from and to the dehumidifying coil, and reduces the sensible heat load in dehumidification process. A simple model is developed to predict performance of the dehumidifier. The model predicts that the recuperative heat exchanger is effective especially in the low humidity condition, where the sensible heat load is relatively large. It is predicted that, by adopting a recuperative heat exchanger, a maximum 30~110% increase in COP is possible for indoor air at 27℃, and 40~60% relative humidity.


6 Over the past ten years we have numerically modelled the properties of the magmatism 7 generated at four of the key areas where the 'mantle plume-volcanic margin hypothesis' is 8 expected to be valid: The North Atlantic, South Atlantic, India-Seychelles and Afar. Our 9 model incorporates many of the original assumptions in the classic White and McKenzie 1


Control center operation is becoming more complex as new and often-conflicting reliability, economics, and public policy issues emerge. Computer simulations will be required to analyze larger and larger amounts of system data (of different types) and what-if-scenarios to derive succinct information for operators to make informed decisions. Existing control center systems are primarily based on the original digital computing infrastructure first designed in the 1960-70's. Incremental changes have occurred since then addressing issues in a piecemeal fashion. Thus, today's systems do not take full advantage of computing power in their existing infrastructure or in the computing industry in general. Researchers should also scrutinize the existing fundamental power system algorithms with advancements in numerical algorithms and simulation techniques with the availability of new system data and additional demands and uncertainties exerted on the system. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is exploring advancements in computing technologies and power system problem solution methodologies to provide more timely and accurate information to control center operations. The authors have identified some long-term research goals and near-term research efforts to advance the adoption new computational technologies and simulation techniques in control center operations. This work considers both operations and operations planning (day-ahead) needs. A preliminary study of the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU) for speeding up AC power flow is given as an example application.


The choice for a healthy diet that enhances quality of life has increased in recent years causing food manufacturers seek to meet consumer demand, differentiating products and services. Regular consumption of fermented foods like yogurt and frozen foods rich in antioxidants such as blueberries is recognized as beneficial to maintaining good health. This effect is attributed, in part, the lactic acid bacteria used in the preparation of frozen yogurt that has therapeutic properties and the presence of phenolic compounds present in blueberries, which counteract the effect of free radicals. Thus the aim of this study was to develop and characterize pulp added frozen yogurt blueberry and fresh powder. The yogurt made with frozens pulps were characterized and compared with a control formulation with added red dye Bordeaux. From the analyzes, it was concluded that the pulp of fresh blueberries showed levels of total phenolics and flavonoids in higher amounts in the pulp powder can be a viable alternative to coloring of in natura instead of artificial coloring.


We present a case of arterial coronary embolism by calcified material of a bioprosthesis of bovine pericardium of the INC in aortic position 8 years after its implantation. Echocardiogram and catheterization with coronarography demonstrated prosthetic aortic dysfunction and normal coronaries. The patient complained of stable angor and dyspnea. During coronarography there was an increase of symptoms together with ECG changes and after a few hours with enzymatic increase. The patient was brought urgently to surgery where mitroaortic prosthesis was changed with mechanic prosthesis. As surgical findings: absence of a leaflet of prosthesis in aortic position with free fragmented calcium in periannular region and two remaining leaflet completely calcified, prosthesis in mitral position of normal appearance. We conclude that ischemia or myocardial infarction in presence of normal coronaries in patients with bovine pericardial bioprosthesis in aortic position can be secondary to calcium embolism, originated by mineralization process of a degenerated bioprosthesis several years after its implantation.


The objective of the Workshop on Viral Diseases of Salmonid Fishes in the Columbia River Basin was to summarize the status of current research activity, and to discuss and define research needs concerning fish viruses affecting salmonids within Columbia River Basin. Separate analytics were done for each paper.


.A person beginning a career in child welfare today has to be someone who is passionate about families and who really, really believes that they, along with the families with whom they work, can make a difference in the life of a child. Our field is not an easy one to work in, nor is it easy to stay in. We know the devastating effects that worker turnover has on our children, youth, and families, and yet we sometimes act as though we are powerless to do something about it. My question to our readers is: How can each one of us help recruit and keep young, enthusiastic professionals in the field? What can we do to support young workers who come into our field with great enthusiasm, only to have that enthusiasm squashed by a disgruntled colleague?When I was a very young child welfare worker, I worked with a social worker I'll call Patty O'Keeffe, who had been on the job for a very long time. Patty was incredibly negative, totally disgruntled, and had no hope that our children or families would ever be able to change. I remember thinking then (and now), "I hope I never get to be like Patty." Much as I have learned from some wonderful social work colleagues over my 38 years in the field, I always remember what I learned from Patty's negative energy and try to be mindful of why I started working in this field in the first place: because I believe that families can and do change, because I believe every child deserved a family that loves them, and because I believe that we all have an obligation to give something back. I still believe in those values, and I believe that we all need to do our part to encourage, through our example and our words, young professionals in becoming child welfare professionals-to think of it as a lifelong professional career path, not just as a stopover until something better comes along. Child welfare is a wonderful field of practice; we should all think about what we can do to encourage and support young talent.In this spirit, the authors of our first article, Spath, Strand, and Bosco-Ruggiero, explore what child welfare staff say about their organizational culture. The authors examine the factors that can affect job satisfaction, intent to leave, and organizational culture and climate at a public child welfare agency. Their findings, from data collected from direct line, middle, and senior managers, revealed a passive, defensive culture. The authors discuss concrete organizational interventions to assist the agency in shifting to a constructive-oriented culture through enhancements in communication, including supervision and shared decisionmaking, recognition and rewards, and improvement in other areas related to working conditions.In our second article in this volume, Collins-Camargo, Armstrong, McBeath, and Chuang discuss cross-sector partnerships in child welfare, examining qualitative results from a five-state strategic planning process. Data from these five states explored partnership challenges and strengths, with a goal of improving collaborative interactions in order to improve outcomes for children and families. Summarizing thematic results of session notes from the planning event, this article describes effective strategies for facilitation of such processes, as well as factors that challenge or promote group processes. …


The microphase separation of diblock copolymers in the presence of an external force field is simulated by means of a cell dynamical system model. It is found that the pattern formation is greatly affected by the presence of the field and by the type of boundary conditions considered. 64.60.Cn, 61.41.+e, 64.75.+g Typeset using REVTEX


: Islamic law has granted countless rights to the women by ending up their exploitation. One for the most significance rights is her right of dissolution of marriage in case her husband is failed to pay her maintenance. In this scenario, the researcher has comparatively analyzed Islamic law and Pakistani law by answering the question: Dose the women has the right of dissolution of her marriage when her husband could not fulfil her maintenance? After the arguments and discussions, the study leads to the conclusion that the woman has the right to ask the court to dissolve her marriage when she unable to have her maintenance from her husband's side so that she may not has to bear the burden of insolvency without any logical reason. The study also reveals that before the promulgation of Islam when the women's rights were being condemned and violated everywhere, Islam was the only religion which raised the voice for protection of women's rights and bestowed them respectable position in community by providing them their legal rights. Moreover, the study is the rejection of invalid objection for the enemies of Islam that Islam has demonstrated invidious reservation in the case of women's rights by showing biasness.


Policymakers across countries have been seeking to strengthen the institutional framework to control fiscal costs and feedback effects to the real economy generated by bank failures. On a cross-section of countries, we find evidence that suggests that bank supervisors' intervention in bank failures may be positively associated with some aspects of the administrative and regulatory framework. Our results appear to hold also during times of financial instability. Finally, we find some evidence that the same institutional features may be associated with lower fiscal outlays during banking crises.


The Devono-Carboniferous Horton Group of Cape Breton Island WE; mostly deposited in two fault-bounded asymmetric sub-basins which were part of a large intracontinental rift system. This system lay at a palaeolatitude of about 10-15° S-a warm, semi-arid climate. The halfgraben sub-basins had opposed polarity, were approximately 100 x 50 km in size and were separated by a narrow zone of elevated Acadian basement. These featiires are common to the adjacent structural segments of known rifts, and are unlike those of triinstensive pull-apart systems. Sedimentation occurred in four successive depositional systems which reflect a tectonic evolution of increased and then decreased extensional subsidence through the 8-12 Myr interval represented. Post-Acadian sedimentation began with System 1 bimodal volcanics and grey distal braided fluvial sediments deposited in a slowly subsiding broad linear sag basin. System 2 consists of reddened braidplain sediments near fault-bounded margins and mudflat/playa sediments in sub-basin centres, deposited in two discrete asymmetric sub-basins with a general upward-fining trend. Gradual expansion of the mudflat setting and confinement of coarse marginal facies is interpreted as a response to increasingly rapid and cieep fault-bounded subsidence. Depositional System 3, is a complex of grey lacustrine offshore, shoreline and fan delta facies deposited in two adjacent half-graben segments with opposed polarity of asymmetry. An increased rate of tectonic subsidence allowed a large standing body of water to accumulate lacustrine sediments along the axis of each sub-basin during this phase of maximum subsidence. System 4 consists of reddened proximal alluvial fan, medial fluvial and distal grey meandering
fluvial/floodplain sediments which accumulated in sub-basins with fault-bounded margins and asymmetry identical to those of earlier systems, indicating a continuation of tectonic style. However, an overall coarsening-upward trend indicates waning of active fault-related subsidence and consequent progradation of marginal coarse wedges to fill the sub-basins. Rapid marine transgression and deposition of Windsor Group carbonates, evaporites and clastics continued
within a more extensive rift basin during renewed fault-bounded subsidence.


This article investigates the representation in the Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900) of inventors and inventive activities during the British industrial revolution. We analyse a data-set of all individuals born in the period 1650–1850 whose entry credits them with at least one invention, in order to interrogate the late Victorians' concept of invention and its influence on successive narratives of the British industrial revolution. Our study suggests that the DNB's selection of inventors reflected various Victorian biases and preconceptions about the role of technology in the transformation of contemporary society. Consequently, the use of collective biographies as a source for the history of technology is open to several methodological pitfalls, of which historians need to be aware.


Smart home is one of the ubiquitous environment platforms with various complex sensor-and-control network. In this paper, a now learning methodology for learning user`s behavior preference pattern is proposed in the sense of reductive user`s cognitive load to access complex interfaces and providing personalized services. We propose a fuzzy inductive learning methodology based on life-long learning paradigm for knowledge discovery, which tries to construct efficient fuzzy partition for each input space and to extract fuzzy association rules from the numerical data pattern.


Recent studies suggest that deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon could increase sharply in the future as a result of over US$ 40 billion in planned investments in highway paving and major new infrastructure projects in the region. These studies have been challenged by several Brazilian ministries, which assert that recent improvements in environmental laws, enforcement and public attitudes have fundamentally reduced the threat posed to forests by such projects. The notion that hazards to Amazonian forests have declined over the last decade was assessed using available data on deforestation rates from 1978 to 2000. Although the alarmingly high rate of forest loss during 1978–1989 (1.98 million ha yr−1) declined somewhat in 1990–1994 (1.38 million ha yr−1), it rebounded to a high level in the period 1995–2000 (1.90 million ha yr−1). Moreover, correlation and regression analyses reveal that both absolute and per caput rates of forest loss accelerated significantly over the last decade. These trends fail to support the assertion that deforestation pressure in Amazonian forests has been brought under control. Poor enforcement of existing environmental laws, rapidly expanding logging and mining industries, increasing population pressure and other challenges are greatly hindering efforts to limit the environmental impacts of development activities in Brazilian Amazonia.


Double-layered grating structures (DGSs) fabricated of gold (Au) and silver (Ag), respectively, are proposed for chem/biosensing in the midinfrared range. The geometry parameters of the DGS sensors are optimized using a rigorous coupled wave analysis method such that the minimum reflectance is obtained at an infrared wavelength of 4.8 μ or 6.7 μm. The magnetic field patterns and Poynting vector distributions within the optimized grating structures are examined using a finitedifference time-domain method. The simulation results show that for a resonant wavelength of 4.8 μm, the Au and Ag sensors both have a sensitivity of 2000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 3000 nm/RIU theoretical sensing resolution of 5 × 10-6 RIU and of 1 × 10-7 RIU, respectively. Similarly, for a resonant wavelength of 6.7 μm, the two sensors have a sensitivity of around 200 nm/RIU and theoretical resolution of 5 × 10-5 RIU. In other words, the sensitivity of the DGS sensors optimized for an infrared wavelength of 4.8 μm is one order higher than that of the sensors optimized for a wavelength of 6.7 μm. In general, the results presented in this paper show that the proposed DGS sensors provide a simple and versatile solution for performing chem/biosensing at midinfrared wavelengths.


Typhoon is one of the most powerful and destructive natural disasters. Accurate forecasting of Typhoon track and intensity is very important to disaster prevention and reduction. Satellite observations can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional methods of sea surface measurement and provide all-weather observation over the sea surface, which is of great significance to improve the numerical prediction of strong convective weather over ocean. The spaceborne radar observes the backscattering caused by the sea surface roughness, and then, the sea surface wind can be retrieved. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an important data source for sea surface monitoring. A variety of meteorological hydrological elements can be retrieved by SAR observation, and it has been used in data assimilation in recent years [1]. SAR imagery is also used to monitor strength and structure of typhoons [2]. The accuracy of sea surface winds retrieved from SAR has been found to be comparable to that of scatterometer data [3], and these wind fields can be used with a data assimilation system to provide the initial conditions for the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model [4].


Through analysing emergence of deflation phenomena in the past years we may find the stable monetary policy taken by the Central Bank.Economic depression is due to no smooth conducting system of monetary policy instead of inadequate monetary supply.We should find out the cause which impedes conducting system and put forward relevant countermeasures. [


A method and system are presented for operating a multibeam satellite system involving positioning a plurality of service beams associated with a plurality of service beam coverage areas and positioning a feeder beam associated with a feeder beam coverage area. The feeder beam coverage area is at a proximity to at least one service beam coverage area. The feeder beam coverage area includes at least one gateway. Each of the plurality of service beam coverage areas uses a color. The at least near service beam coverage area uses at least one color from the plurality of colors. The feeder beam uses at least one color, excluding the at least one color used by the at least one near service beam coverage area.


3H-labeled 70Sribonucleic acid(RNA)frompurified avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV)was usedasa probeindeoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-RNAhybridization experiments todetect thepresenceofDNA complementary totheAMV genome invarious tissues fromnoninfected normal chickens andfromchickens infected withAMV.There was aremarkable constancy intheaveragecellular concentration ofvirus-specific DNA foundineverytissue fromthesame uninfected chicken, and evenindifferent chickens fromthesame strain. Incontrast, different tissues from chickens bearing AMV-induced kidney tumors(embryonal nephromas) revealed an unequal distribution intheaveragevirus-specific DNA content percell. The increase waslimited totumorcells andtotissues thatcontain target cellsforAMV, i.e., redbloodcells, kidney cells, andpossibly leukocytes. Theredbloodcells from AMV-infected chickens suffering fromacutemyeloblastic leukemia, although producing no virus, contained as many viral genome equivalents percellasdid leukemic myeloblasts knowntoproduce large quantities ofAMV.An increased viral DNA content was observed inthetarget cells ofchickens thatdidnotshow anysign oftumorformation 6months after infection withAMV.Thisstudy demonstrates thatvertically transmitted viral DNA isuniformly andstably distributed among alltissues oftheoffspring, butthat horizontal infection after hatching results inan increase inviral DNA content onlyinsome dividing, target tissues that may or may notgive rise toneoplasias. Eventhough avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) canreplicate ina widevariety ofembryonic or adult chicken cells after infection inovo or in vitro, theexpression ofitsoncogenic potential is limited tospecific target cells bothinthechicken


The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and provides a method for increasing the yield of coal-pyrolysis-based tar in the reaction atmosphere of a methane-rich gas mixture in a fluidized bed. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: feeding the methane-rich gas mixture into the fluidized bed from the bottom of a pyrolysis reactor; conducting reaction firstly on a catalyst layer, so as to activate the gas mixture; adding the activated gas mixture as a fluidized gas to the fluidized coal in the fluidized bed, and subjecting the fluidized gas and the fluidized coal to pyrolysis and coking in a fluidized state; and subjecting the generated pyrolysis products to the treatment in a gas-solid separator, a condenser and an oil-water separator where carbocoal, coal gas and tar are respectively obtained. Accordingly, the activated gas mixture and the coal come into full contact through the coal pyrolysis in the fluidized bed, thereby help combining activated molecules with free radicals generated through the coal pyrolysis; the yield of pyrolysis-based tar is higher than that of the tar based on the pyrolysis conducted in the hydrogen atmosphere or inert atmosphere under the identical conditions; moreover, the catalysts are indirectly mixed with coal, thereby facilitating the cyclic regeneration and repeated use.


Experimental studies on low frequency noise in bipolar junction transistors (BJT) including polysilicon emitter, hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and silicon-germanium hetero-junction transistors (SiGe HBTs) are reviewed. The 1/f noise is treated in terms of mobility fluctuations. The validity of a new empirical relation between the 1/f noise corner frequency fc (the frequency where the 1/f noise and shot noise are equal) and the peak cutoff frequency frpeak is investigated. The experimental procedure to investigate the most dominant low-frequency noise source in the equivalent circuit is described. At medium frequencies, the white noise becomes dominant and the noise figure is calculated taking into account the emitter and base series resistance.


Building new socialist countryside and developing rural economy require significant capital investment and the support of rural finance.However,the present rural financial system is short of rural finance supply,which has seriously hindered the development of rural economy.Japan and China have the same situation.Through taking reference to the Japanese financial system in rural areas we can speed up our rural financial system reform and establish a multi-level and full range of rural financial system so as to adapt to a new socialist countryside construction.


Objective: To introduce the approach via the popliteal fossa to the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament and its clinical outcome.Methods: 23 cases with displaced avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament anderwent were performed open reduction and internal fixed with 4.0 mm cannulated screws.Results: The average follow-up time was 30 months and the results showed that the range of motion of the knee were normal in all case.Conclusions: The approach described is technically fairly easy,safe and excellent exposure of the avulsion fracture and suopports early rehabilitation.


Continuous natural habitats are increasingly transformed into anthropogenic landscapes—mosaics of natural habitats fragments surrounded by heterogeneous mixtures of different land use. Anthropogenic habitat transformation is particularly evident in the clearing of forests. Forests that have reached a great age with little or no anthropogenic disturbance (oldgrowth) are increasingly rare. At the same time, urbanization—one of the most readily apparent human-mediated effects on the landscape—continues to expand, and as a result, an increasing percentage of forests are becoming part of urban landscapes and ecosystems. The goal of this thesis is to investigate population genetic effects of anthropogenic landscapes on long-lived forest trees at different time scales: immediate, through the estimation of the mating system; short-time, through the estimation of effective population size using linkage disequilibrium based methods; and long-time, through the estimation of population genetic differentiation. To accomplish this goal, I researched the tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), a tree in the family Magnoliaceae native to Eastern North America that has a wide geographic distribution in the


In order to decrease the overall wavelength number required in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) network, new heuristic algorithms for wavelength assignment are proposed in this paper. We also define a new parameter called one-wavelength-decrease cost, which may be used to evaluate the efficiency of these algorithms. Comparative simulation studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


Abstract Collection development in public libraries is performed by one or more librarians who make use of a variety of selection tools. Computers and information systems are becoming increasingly important tools for selectors because they offer alternatives for assessing user needs, for gathering information about published materials, and for obtaining materials quickly. This paper describes a case study of twelve public library systems, the tasks they perform, and the sources they use in collection development. The selectors reported satisfaction with their jobs, increasing reliance upon information systems and electronic resources, and the need for system improvements to support selection for local collections in a publishing climate responsive to popular taste.


The applications of gas plasma and plasma modified materials in the emerging fields of medicine such as dentistry, drug delivery, and tissue engineering are reviewed. Plasma sterilization of both living and non-living objects is safe, fast and efficient; for example plasma sterilization of medical equipment quickly removes microorganisms with no damage to the tiny delicate parts of the equipment and in dentistry it offers a non-toxic, painless bacterial inactivation of tissues from a dental cavity. Devices that generate plasma inside the root canal of a tooth give better killing efficiency against bacteria without causing any harm to the surrounding tissues. Plasma modified materials fulfill the requirements for bioactivity in medicine; for example, the inclusion of antimicrobial agents (metal nano particles, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, etc.) in plasma modified materials (polymeric, metallic, etc.) alters them to produce superior antibacterial biomedical devices with a longer active life. Thin polymer films or coating on surfaces with different plasma processes improves the adherence, controlled loading and release of drug molecules. Surface functionalization by plasma treatment stimulates cell adhesion, cell growth and the spread of tissue development. Plasma applications are already contributing significantly to the changing face of medicine and future trends are discussed in this paper.


ABSTRACT A thermogravimetric investigation was performed to evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and the influence of mechanical activation on oxidation of vanadium-bearing LD (Linz–Donawitz) converter slag. Results indicate that the particle size of d0.5 significantly decreased from 29 μm to 0.266 μm after activation, and the specific surface area based on the BET model increased from 1.324 m2/g to 3.289 mm2/g. Thermogravimetric investigations were separately performed at 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000°C. Two distinct stages in the oxidation process were identified. The first stage was controlled by nucleation and growth and the second stage was controlled by 3D diffusion. However, the first stage relatively contributed more to the entire process than the second stage. Kinetic study also reveals that mechanical activation exhibited a significant effect on the oxidation of LD converter slag. Mechanical activation significantly reduced the roasting temperature and shortened the roasting time. The corresponding apparent activation energy Ea and frequency factor A changed from 13.01 kJ/mol to 6.59 kJ/mol and 0.247 min−1 to 0.141 min−1 for unmilled and milled slags, respectively.


Sketching is a drawing style where approximations and successive refinement in the drawing process are evident. The approximation of contours in sketching involves multiple overlapping strokes that are relatively long in regions of low curvature and shorter in high-curvature areas, yet unimportant high-curvature details are omitted in the initial stages of a sketch. Rendering contours with a single long stroke does not capture the feel of a sketch, and a simple strategy of breaking strokes at curvature maxima is easily confused by unimportant details and noise. We address the contour breaking problem for sketching by clustering samples of the contour based on proximity and orientation, making use of a global clustering algorithm (normalized cuts). The strokes generated by this approach qualitatively resemble those produced by real artists, and the successive approximation effect seen in sketching can be simulated by employing our approach at a succession of scales (increasing the number of clusters).


This paper discusses the following topics: Observation of Cabibbo suppressed semileptonic D decays; Search for D/sub s/ semileptonic decays; and Preliminary evidence for non-D/bar D/ decays of the /psi/ (3770). 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.


The theory of submerged vanes described in the companion paper is tested with laboratory and field data. The laboratory data are from experiments in curved, and straight, recirculating sediment flumes. The field data are from river bends in which, prior to installation of vanes, the banks were eroding, and from a straightened bridge waterway in which sediment deposits were causing a change of channel alignment, bank erosion, and undermining of the bridge abutment. All data support the theory, and they suggest that the vane technique is a viable alternative to traditional techniques. The design procedure is described and illustrated with numerical examples, and vane material and typical vane layouts are discussed. Layouts are presented for protection of stream banks against erosion and for amelioration of shoaling problems in navigation channels, at water intakes, in bridge crossings, at river confluences, and at diversions.


The biological character of A/Swine/GuangDong/1/01(H1N1) SIV was studied in this article.The HA gene of SIV was amplified by RT-PCR,then cloned and sequenced to analysis.The result indicated that the EID_(50)/0.2mL and the TCID_(50)/0.1mL of this sdrain virus were 10~(-2.3) and 10~(-2.1).The infected test with the rats showed that the virus was pathogentic.At the same time,the sequence analysis indicated that the total length of HA gene was 1 702 bp and the homology with the virus in civil and abroad was 90.8% to 99%.


wheat cultivars were used in analyzing the quality parameters. The result indicated that maxium height of extensogram could reflect the gluten intensity objectively, but the experiment of extensogram reqaired to use 300 g flour at least; HMW glutenin subunits composition of wheat cultivars were controlled by gene, half of one wheat kernel was enough to finish the experiment. An improvement quality score system based on the maxium height extensogram of each of subunits was set up. The system can be used to calculate gluten intensity of wheat cultivars in early generation.


SUMMARYBoth males and females of the fish Prochilodus scrofa have a diploid number of 2n = 54. However, with the exception of a single female, all 59 specimens (25 ♀, 34 ♂) studied had 1–5 minutes accessory chromosomes. The unstable behavior of these chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis as well as their heterochromatic nature, as detected by C-banding, are characteristics that emphasize their supernumerary nature. This is the first report of chromosomes of this type in the Osteichthyes (Pisces).


In the clinopyroxene formula W1-p (X, Y)1+pZ2O6 the coordination numbero of ions sharing W, X and Y has not been determin ed. This problem, probably depending on both temperature and pressure of formation, will be clarified by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy, infrared and visible spectro scopy, intensity measurement of X-ray diff raction and X-ray fluorescence analysis. In this paper Cr-bearmg composition molecules of clinopyroxene are first discussed with special reference to the coordination number of Cr-ion in clinopyroxenes. Disregarding phases of pyroxene betwe en host and lamellae, two distinct types of lamella orientation have been known, i.e. the Bushveld type with (100) lamellae (Hess and Phillips, 1938, Poldervaart and Hess, 1951, and Yamaguchi and Tomita, 1970) and the Stillwater type with (001) lamellae


This paper presents a technique to remotely localize a moving target embedded in a fixed multiple scattering medium. The method, based on the Born approximation, does not require full modeling or even a moderately detailed knowledge of the multiple‐scattering background. Using a multi‐source/receiver laboratory setup in air, the technique was tested with experimental data at frequencies varying from 30 to 60 kHz (wavelength ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm) for centimeter‐scale scatterers in a multiple scattering medium with 3% volume fraction. The method shows very good localization of the target with a precision of a few wavelengths.


The present investigation about the organic fertilization of the melon (Cucumis melo L.), was realize out in the Experimental Farm Santa Ines, of the fawit of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala; the outlined objectives were: 1) to establish the answer of melon to the fertilization organic, 2) to Determine the treatment of better yield, with the use of biol 150 cc/l of water/ plant, humus 0,750 kg/ plant and compost 0,750 kg/ plant; and evaluated the following veriables: Days to the floracion, longitude, diameter, weight, type of commercial fruit and yield in kg/ha, 3) to Carry out an analysis of costs and economic profitability, of treatments, the comparison of the averages was carried out throught of Duncan test to 5%. In the land where he/she was carried out the rehearsal, previously was made a lad analyse, it throught got ready agricultural machinery, with works of having touched, plowed and two trail passes, later it was carried out an emparrado system to two bands for furrows with a separation 0,30 meters and a height 0,80 meters, the experimental units were defined using the design blocks at random. The application of the organics fertilization it was of agreement that planned. The first dose of humus and compost was to the moment of the transplant and 15 cm of the bottom, the second at the 30 and 10 cm of the plant and the third to the 60 days, in each occasion 0,25 kg was used with a total of 0,75 kg by plant. The best treatment that registered was with the Biol that reached averages of 3 359,39 kg/ha, being significant with regard to the other ones; with a weight average of 1,685 kg/fruto. The biggest yield with Biol it reached an economic profitability, it overcame to the other payments applied in all the studied variables.


Use of non-lethal weapons by the police could significantly reduce the number of episodes involving deadly force. This paper discusses reasons why more effective nonlethal weapons have not been produced, noting in particular the priorities of military research. It also examines logistic barriers to more widespread adoption of non-lethal weapons, including the awkwardness of having the correct weapon on hand at the proper moment. The paper particularly focuses on the role of the ethos of law enforcement in generating resistance to the introduction and use of non-lethal weapons. Given the enormous social costs associated with police use of deadly force, a call is made for a more hospitable attitude toward non-lethal weapons by police personnel.


The present invention discloses a computer system comprising a processor, random access memory accessible by the processor, the persistent data storage device accessible by the processor, and may further include a file system software executable by the processor, the file system software as file data and file system structure of files stored on the persistent data management storage means. In addition, the file system software can maintain a transaction file comprises a plurality of transaction records. Each transaction record having a header portion and a data portion. Header portion of each transaction record may include one or more fields for storing information and transaction file represented by the transaction record corresponds to. File system software executing start-up processing, in the start-up processing in the random access memory to generate a reconstructed file system, and, when the transaction record meets one or more predetermined criteria, the processing may skip start transaction data recording section the verification.


This paper describes features of a language approach for map algebra based on the use of algebraic expressions. To be consistent with formal approaches such as geoalgebra and image algebra, the proposed algebraic expressions are suitable for the usual modeling of layers and to represent neighborhoods and zones. A tight compromise between language and implementation issues based on the theory of automata is proposed as the needed support to define or extend coherently operators and grammar rules. This results in an efficient way of implementing map algebra for raster domains that can simplify its coupling to environmental and dynamic models without going too far from its well-known paradigm.


Plant pathology has been influenced by progress in other areas of science and technology from time to time. Before realizing the entire impact of biotechnology in plant pathology, another breakthrough area of innovative research that is nanotechnology has come into play and started affecting all walks of life in a widespread manner including plant pathology. The term nanotechnology, buzzword of present day science owes its origin from the Greek word 'nano' literally meaning dwarf. When it is expressed in terms of dimension one nanometer equals to one billionth of a meter (1nm=10-9 m). The subject nanotechnology deals with manufacturing, study and manipulation of matter at nano-scale (or atomic scale) in the size range of 1-100 nm which may be called as nanoparticles (Rajan, 2004). The study of nanoparticles dates back to 1831 when Michael Faraday investigated gold colloids. It was more than 125 years later in 1959, that the potential benefits of fabricating matter at nano-level were visualized by Noble Laureate Richard Feynman. One Japanese researcher Norio Taniguchi finally engineered materials at nanometer scale in 1974 and coined the term 'nanotechnology'.


While preaching in Siena in 1427, the Franciscan preacher, Bernardino of Siena referred to a celebrated painting by Simone Martini. The specific painting was the Annunciation now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and originally located in Siena's Cathedral. Bernardino referred to it in connection with schooling young girls in the virtue of modesty: You see she [the Virgin] does not gaze at the angel, but sits with that almost frightened pose. She knew well it was an angel, so why should she be disturbed? What would she have done if it had been a man? Take her as an example, girls, of what you should do. Never talk to a man unless your father or mother is present.1 Here Bernardino offered the image of the Virgin as a model of modesty and chastity, but as a humble young maid St. Clare of Assisi could have also served this purpose. At the end of the fourteenth century, the most influential representations of St. Clare in Italian art were other images by Simone Martini's from the lower church of Assisi that depict her as a mystical virgin wearing a nun's habit or another example that shows her holding a lily, which is a sign of purity and virginity, typical of female saints, with her head bent and her eyes cast down (Fig. 1). Simone Martini's famous image was later reproduced in majolica form on plates for domestic use, many of which are preserved in the Capuchin Museum in Rome (Fig. 2). This is the image of St.


A lifetime of learning recurrent education or lifelong learning the environment for self-directed learning adragogy versus padagogy experiential learning and self-directed learning self-directed learning and power self-directed learning and motivation a self-directed learning mode self-directed learning in a corporate context self-direction with corporate human resource development self-directed learning within the educational context learning agreements problems with self-directed learning implementation of self-directed learning.


The benefits of metasurface-based Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWA) over more conventional LWA is assessed in terms of angular scanning. In order to achieve a fast-angular scanning with frequency, a highly-dispersive waveguide is classically required. The additional degree of freedom offered by a surface impedance, here implemented with a grid of square patches enables increasing the dispersion. Using this enhanced dispersion, a LWA is designed and simulated in the 60 GHz band. It is shown that the obtained scanning range is increased by a 2.6 factor with respect to a classical LWA composed of metallic strips over a grounded dielectric Slab. A scanning range from -52° to -16° has been thus obtained with a 11.6% frequency bandwidth.


Introduction. A comprehensive hygienic research was aimed at studying the actual nutrition in primary school children living in the city of Ufa and the large village of Iglino. Materials and methods. The nature and structure of the actual diet of the students was studied by the method of 24-hour reproduction of the diet, one day prior to the survey. The findings were compared with measures of norms of physiological energy and food requirements for children and adolescents. The study involved seven hundred 7-11 year students of grades 1-4 from nine schools in Ufa (460 cases) and village of Iglino (240 children). Results. The diet in children of the studied group is adequate in energy value and consumption of proteins and fats. The amount of carbohydrate consumption is reduced relative to the norms of physiological needs (NPN) by 25%, but at the same time the share of admission with the diet of simple carbohydrates exceeds the norm. Increased intake of added salt 1.4-fold revealed. The average daily diet is provided with vitamins, but is deficient in calcium, the intake of which is 68% of the NPN. The actual nutrition of younger schoolchildren living in the city of Ufa is characterized by the excess intake of sodium is almost 4 times. The Ca : Mg to Ca : P ratio is broken. The distribution of calories in individual meals made it possible to identify a reduced share of calories in breakfast (19% instead of 25%) and dinner (22% instead of 35-40%). Limitations. The study analyzed only the actual nutrition of children aged 7-11 years. In the future, it is planned to study the nutrition of schoolchildren of other age groups. Conclusion. The main nutritional disorders in primary school children are expressed in increased consumption of saturated fatty acids, simple carbohydrates and added salt. In combination with calcium deficiency and excess sodium, such an imbalance can further cause the risk of developing alimental-dependent diseases.


To help smartphone users protect their phone, fingerprint-based authentication systems (e.g., Apple's Touch ID) have increasingly become popular in smartphones. In web applications, however, fingerprint-based authentication is still rarely used. One of the most serious concerns is the lack of technology for securely storing fingerprint data used for authentication. Because scanned fingerprint data are not exactly the same each time, the use of a traditional cryptographic hash function (e.g., SHA-256) is infeasible to protect raw fingerprint data. In this paper, we present an efficient privacy-preserving fingerprint authentication system using a fully homomorphic encryption scheme in which fingerprint data are always stored and processed in an encrypted form. We implement a fully working fingerprint authentication system with a fingerprint database (containing 4,000 samples) using the Fast Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Torus (TFHE) library. The proposed system can perform the fingerprint matching process within about 166 seconds (±0.564 seconds) on average.


Background:  Rest pain and severe ischaemia in patients who are unable to be offered (further) surgery to revascularize the lower limb is still problematic. Lumbar sympathectomy has been used for many years but the mechanisms by which this works are not absolutely clear. Both sensory and vasomotor fibres travel in the lumbar sympathetic chain and the effects of lumbar sympathectomy on these nerve types have been investigated in the present paper.


During the Napoleonic period, 'the imperial idea' spread to colonial territories far from Europe. This chapter discusses how Brazil became an empire when Pedro I declared independence from Portugal and how Mexico declared independence from Spain under Agustín de Iturbide. Pedro II succeeded his father as emperor of Brazil but abdicated in 1889. Agustín I was executed in 1824, as was the second emperor of Mexico, Maximilian of Austria, in 1867. These emperors also had to create symbolic power with courts, costumes, ceremonial, and coronations on the Napoleonic model, Queen Victoria was given the title of empress in 1876 and the British invented a ceremony of acclamation in 1877 which they called a 'durbar'.


Chromite beneficiation operations in Sukinda valley (India) produce large amounts of tailings, which are stored in open air. In this study, bioleaching experiments were carried out in batch reactors with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or Pseudomonas putida in order to determine the potential leachability of metals contained in these tailings due to biological activity. Acidic and alkaline pH resulted from the incubation of tailings with A. thiooxidans and P. putida, respectively. Tailings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical extraction of Cr(VI) with KH2PO4 was performed. Mineralogical investigations showed that tailings are mainly composed of chromite, hematite, lizardite, chlorite, and goethite, which are all known as Cr-bearing phases. During the leaching with A. thiooxidans and P. putida, total Cr was initially extracted as Cr(VI) due to the presence of phosphates in the medium, and subsequently decreased because of Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction to Cr(III). Reduction was associated with bacterial activity, but also with the presence of ferrous iron. Despite the occurrence of siderophores in the tailings after incubation with P. putida, under acidic conditions, Fe extracted remained higher. Extracted Ni, Mn, and Al concentrations also increased over time. Given the significant amount of chromite tailings produced every year, this study shows that tailings storage and leachability represent a potential source of chromium. However, our findings suggest that the presence of bacterial communities, as well as physicochemical processes, favor Cr(VI) reduction.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Cone Beam CT(CBCT) combined with dental operating microscope and ultrasonic instruments on negotiation of severely calcified MB2 canals in the maxillary first molars.Methods A total of 27 MB2 canals of the maxillary first molars that had not been negotiated by dental operating microscope,and ultrasonic instruments were selected in the present study.The entry of 21 canals was detected by using the dental operating microscope and ultrasonic instruments,after the operating pathway was determined by the CBCT examination.Results The 21 MB2 canals of the whole 27 maxillary first molars were negotiated,with a success rate of 77.8%.Conclusion The usage of CBCT combined with dental operating microscope and ultrasonic instruments is proved to be efficient in negotiation of severely calcified MB2 canals.


By solving the two-electron time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation, we study carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) effects on ionization plus excitation of He to He + ( n = 2) states by a few-cycle attosecond pulse with a carrier frequency of 51 eV. For most CEPs the asymmetries in the photoelectron angular distributions with excitation of He + (2 s ) or He + (2 p ) have opposite signs and are two orders of magnitude larger than for ionization without excitation. These results indicate that attosecond pulse CEP effects may be significantly amplified in correlated two-electron ionization processes.


Hahn, G. A., Wallace, S., Jackson, L. and Dodd, In some cases lymphangiography has G. (1963), Amer. 1. Obstet. Gynec., 85: 754. demonstrated the extent Of the disease bePerez-Tomayo, R., Thornbury, J. R. and Atkinson, yond the capability of other diagnostic R. J. (1963), Amer. 1. Roentgenol., 90: 1078. means and it is felt that, despite its limitSeitzman, D. M., Wright, R., Halsby, F. A. and Conclusion J. R. (1962), Radiology, 78: 399.


The invention relates to an apparatus for testing the mechanical performances of a shopping bag. The apparatus comprises: a casing, wherein a framework comprising columns and a chassis is arranged in the casing; a shopping bag suspension motion mechanism arranged on the framework and used for suspending the shopping bag and controlling the up-and-down motion of the shopping bag; a free falling dart mechanism arranged on the framework and over the shopping bag suspension motion mechanism; a signal acquisition device arranged on the framework and used for acquiring signals relating with the test; and a control unit arranged on the framework and in communication connection with the signal acquisition device, the shopping bag suspension motion mechanism and the free falling dart mechanism. The test apparatus enables the test of three indexes comprising the repeatable utilization, the weight bearing capability and the impact resistance of the shopping bag to be completed on one apparatus, so the test apparatus can be used for the comprehensive evaluation of the environmental protection characteristic of the shopping bag.


0.40-0.87) Conclusion: In CONCLUSION:, our analyses show that among obese patients undergoing bariatric procedures (RYGB and SG), RYGB is associated with a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, and osteoporotic fractures. Thus, in patients with a higher baseline osteoporotic risk, SG may be a preferred option; however, further studies are needed to further explore this association.


the conflict. The young interviewer asked Captain Preston what offense caused him to take up arms that day, only to discover the old soldier had never actually purchased the stamps he was obligated to under the Stamp Act, never drank tea (and hence was never taxed), and had not ever heard of, let alone read, Harrington, Sidney, or Locke. "Well, then, what was the matter?" his confused interviewer inquired. "Young man," Preston replied, "what we meant in going for those Redcoats was this: we always had been free, and we meant to be free always. They didn't mean we should" (1-2). Thus begins the story line in Liberty and Freedom, David Hackett Fischer's vast catalogue of how Americans have understood the meaning of the two terms "liberty" and "freedom." Liberty and freedom have always been central to American culture, Fischer argues, and his challenge is to present the multifaceted meanings of them as they changed over time. To do so, the author draws on the work of Tocqueville to frame the two as "habits of the heart," customs, beliefs, traditions, and folkways of people, which are examined "from the inside and the outside___ We know


Objective: Despite the importance of the charitable food sector for a proportion of the Australian population, there is uncertainty about its present and future contributions to wellbeing. This paper describes its nature and examines its scope for improving health and food security.


Superannuation is becoming and increasingly important source of retirement income. However women in Australia face a significant barrier in accummulating superannuation entitlements because of their positions in the paid and unpaid workforce.


Due to the increasing penetration of the power grid with renewable, distributed energy resources, new strategies for voltage stabilization in low voltage distribution grids must be developed. One approach to autonomous voltage control is to apply reinforcement learning (RL) for reactive power injection by converters. In this work, to implement a secure test environment including real hardware influences for such intelligent algorithms, a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) approach is used to combine a virtually simulated grid with real hardware devices to emulate as realistic grid states as possible. The PHIL environment is validated through the identification of system limits and analysis of deviations to a software model of the test grid. Finally, an adaptive volt–var control algorithm using RL is implemented to control reactive power injection of a real converter within the test environment. Despite facing more difficult conditions in the hardware than in the software environment, the algorithm is successfully integrated to control the voltage at a grid connection point in a low voltage grid. Thus, the proposed study underlines the potential to use RL in the voltage stabilization of future power grids.


E. M. Forster's novel Howards End explores transitions within early twentieth century London society's morals, values, and class divisions. I track the progression from excess and affluence to rural, pastoral simplification within the characters' lives and lifestyles. The first chapter examines class relations and social expectations, including a focus on consumerism, accumulation, and inheritance. Character and critics discussions in reference to class, poverty, and accumulation are reviewed. The second chapter connects Howards End to utopian communes, the dystopian society in Forster s The Machine Stops," and examines Howards End as a site for a potential utopia. Howards End as a utopian text acts as a model or example for the rest of society. At Howards End, peace, happiness, and cooperation can be achieved, transcending class distinction and the unequal distribution of wealth. THE STRUGGLE TO UTOPIA: SOCIAL REFORM, ACCUMULATION, AND TRANSFORMATION


theatrical and political contexts within which Rowson's Slaves in Algiers was staged in 1794. Reprinting Rowson's lost prologue to the play, Cima examines its differences from the prologue authored by James Fennell, delivered at the premiere, and published with the drama. Cima's reading of Slaves in Algiers highlights the drama's gender solidarity and its protest of multiple forms of enslavement, including marriage law and political domination (189). As the book opens with a consideration of sites and methods of access for African American women critics, so does it close, spanning the First to the Second Great Awakenings. By the early nineteenth century, African American women found their voices in benevolent associations, educational societies, freedom celebrations, religious exhortations, and preaching. Jarena Lee and Zilpha Elaw were preachers acting out God's will in such spaces as homes, churches, and camp meetings, where "black and white religious practices overlapped in hybrid forms" (201). Cima situates her analysis within the scholarly argument "that many early Christian performance traditions are African in origin" (210). Cima's Early American Women Critics: Performance, Religion, Race is an essential work for scholars of African American performance and literature, and it holds compelling interest for readers in many fields. Fort Hays State University Amy Cummins


Numerous theories have been advanced on the etiology and pathogenesis of glaucoma. Today the theory most widely adopted is that glaucoma is a purely ocular disease. However, a few authors have held that glaucoma is but a dominating symptom in an otherwise universally defective organism (1). In recent years a number of experiments have been made for the purpose of determining the cholinesterase activities in the blood of glaucoma and normal patients to reveal a possible difference that might contribute towards an understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Some disagreement has existed as regards these relations. The reasons may be differences in the methodology used for the determination, and the relatively small groups of patients used as material. Table I gives a survey of the results. The object of the present paper has been to endeavour to reproduce our earlier findings by means of an improved methodology (1 1).


This article explores some specificities of the Swiss "gender regime". Whilst acknowledging the obvious fact of the political exclusion of Swiss women, I argue that focusing on this aspect alone provides a partial and overly simplistic picture of the Swiss gender regime and fails to recognize other, more complex ways, in which the social relations of power around gender have operated in the Swiss nation-state. My general argument is, first, that Switzerland provides a historical example of Bauman's "Gardening States": states that are concerned with eliminating the "bad weeds" from the national garden. Second, that the Swiss experiments with eugenics (1920s-1960s) illustrate that women's bodies have been a central site of the Swiss struggle against "differences".


Extracting patterns and useful information from Natural Language datasets is a challenging task, especially when dealing with data written in a language different from English, like Italian. Machine and Deep Learning, together with Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have widely spread and improved lately, providing a plethora of useful methods to address both Supervised and Unsupervised problems on textual information. We propose RECKONition, a NLP-based system for Industrial Accidents at Work Prevention. RECKONition, which is meant to provide Natural Language Understanding, Clustering and Inference, is the result of a joint partnership with the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL). The obtained results showed the ability to process textual data written in Italian describing industrial accidents dynamics and consequences.


The reinforcement of global competence is vital for students to thrive in a rapidly changing world. This study explores the synergistic effects of both student and school factors on the classification of secondary students with high and low levels of global competence. Data are selected based on 208,556 secondary students from 6902 schools in 25 countries/regions and extracted from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 datasets. Different from previous research, in this study, data science techniques, i.e., decision trees (DTs) and random forests (RFs), are adopted. Classification models are built to discriminate high achievers from low achievers and to discover the optimal set of factors with the most powerful impact on the discrimination of these two groups of achievers. The results show that both models have satisfactory classification abilities. According to the factor importance rankings in terms of discriminating global competence disparities, student factors play a major role. They especially emphasize students' capacities to examine global issues, students' awareness of intercultural communication, and teachers' attitudes toward different cultural groups.


Abstract The paper proposes the improvement of the current bitter cherry assortment with new creations made at Iaşi, adapted to the specific conditions from the NE area of Romania. For the improvement of the bitter cherry assortment with new, productive, disease resistant cultivars with fruits of good quality, resistant to cracking with different maturation stages, in 1981 at Fruit Growing Research Station (F.G.R.S.) Iaşi - Romania has begun an action of selection and promoting of some valuable genotypes of bitter cherry (existent in the spontaneous flora or in plantations from the Iaşi county), which were being planted with cultivars and other genotypes from all around the country. Following the positive and gradual selection there were selected three biotypes of bitter cherry from which two of them have been approved as new cultivars in 1994, with the names "Amar Maxut", respectively, "Amar Galata" and the biotype "Amar R5.P10" has been registered in 2013 at the State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration Bucharest to be approved as a new cultivar. All three bitter cherry genotypes correspond to the objectives of the main assortment breeding. They have a high productivity because the natural fertility index registered values between 36.5-63.7%, the trees have a reduced vigour, they present a good resistance to frost (1-9% affected buds) and to diseases (values of I% anthracnose, 1.1-2.8%). The fruits are high quality and the maturation stages are at the extremities of the cherries maturation season.


The acoustical relaxation spectrum of aqueous solutions of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin solutions was investigated in the frequency range 0.5–1000 MHz. The abrupt high frequency cut off of the broad absorption spectrum is consistent with a heavily weighted, shortest relaxation time of 2 × 10−9 sec. Both the high‐frequency cut‐off and high frequency residual absorption appear to be slightly different for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin solution.


Learning management systems (LMS) reinforce the learning process through online classroom environments. A standard LMS supports an inclusive learning environment for academic progress with interceding structures that promote online collaborativegroupings, professional training, discussions, and communication among other LMS users. Instructors should balance active learning with the use of LMS technological resources and the use of guidelines from the qualified curriculum. As Murcia stated regarding online environments in 2016, instructors can use an LMS to facilitate and model discussions, plan online activities, set learning expectations, provide learners with options, and assist in problem-solving and decision making, supporting learner engagement through their presence in the LMS; facilitators allow students to retain their autonomy, enthusiasm, and motivation. It is vital that stakeholders of the educational community find scientific studies to support their contributions in LMS platforms to assist scholars in learning mathematics and other academic subjects Using Learning Management Systems to Promote Online Instruction


The present invention is a metallic surface and a first coating an aqueous, chromium for the metal surface to improve the adhesion properties of the cured first coating of the other organic coating-as-free and curable corrosion protection products, at least in part acylated vinyl It relates to a corrosion protection product containing an organic polymer or at least one copolymer of an amine. The invention also relates to a method of applying an organic coating of a method of manufacturing the first coating comprising a product according to the invention, and other organic coating, in particular a polyurethane resin and / or polyisocyanate and a diol or polyol base. In addition, the present invention is that optionally can be molded, the present invention relates to a metal strip or a cut metal sheet prepared in this manner.


BACKGROUND
Intestinal helminthiases are public health problems of children in developing countries of the world and account for significant morbidity as it results in stunted growth, intestinal obstruction, anaemia, cognitive impairment, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis and rectal prolapse. This study assessed intestinal helminths, infection intensity and symptoms in primary school children in Ile-Ife.

METHODS
It was a cross sectional study. Three hundred and eighty-four pupils randomly selected from six public primary schools in Ife Central Local Government were enrolled for the study. Ethical approval was obtained. Stool samples were collected and processed using the Formol-ether concentration method. Questionnaires were administered to obtain relevant information. Data entry and processing were done using Microsoft excel and IBM SPSS Statistics for windows, version 17. Statistical analysis included frequency, proportion and percentages.

RESULTS
Helminthic parasites were recovered from the stool of the schoolchildren and the overall prevalence of helminthic infection was 24%. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent (22.1%) with moderate and light intensities of infection, Hookworm (3.4%) with light intensity infection and Hymenolepis nana 0.3%. Symptoms were present in 48.2% of the participants and 31.5% presented with abdominal pain, nausea 22.1%, diarrhoea 21.1%, anorexia 7%. Weight loss, nausea and vomiting were found to be significantly associated with infection with intestinal helminths.

CONCLUSION
Light to moderate intestinal helminthic infections are still prevalent among school children with weight loss, nausea and vomiting being the most significant symptoms. Continuous studies among school children are needed including those in private schools to better understand the epidemiology of these infections.


A study was made to determine to what degree teachers, trained in the use of the Hunter Instructional Model, appropriately used the skills and strategies taught by the model, and what influenced the application of the learned.skills in the classroom. Fourteen first th....)ugh fourth grade teachers in two elementary schools participated. The Instructional Skills Observation Instrument was used to measure the teachers' ability to apply four instructional skills: anticipatory set, instruction, guided practice, and independent practice. Each teachtnr, was observed four times, twice teaching reading and twice teaching mathematics. The teachers then participated in three full-day inservice sessions, scheduled once a month, to be trained in the Hunter scientific teaching model. The training consisted of presentation of theory, modeling of the skills, practice with feedback, and on-site coaching. Subsequent observations indicated that the teachers as a whole were able to appropriately apply the skills and strategies they had been taught. Interviews, inservice evaluations, classroom observations, and field notes identified sBveral intervening and school context variables that appeared to influence the application of the skills in the classroom.


Beginning in 1981, collaborative efforts developed between the University of Washington and community hospitals in Washington, British Columbia, Canada, and later outside the Pacific Northwest, have generated important findings about the treatment and outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). These efforts, collectively known as the Western Washington and Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project trials, have included randomized trials of thrombolytic drugs, direct antithrombins, platelet receptors, antagonists, and cell adhesion blockers, as well as the formation of registries of consecutive patients admitted to coronary care units with the diagnosis of suspected AMI. Results of these trials have demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy significantly reduces mortality and morbidity from AMI with minimal risk to patients, and that early treatment is associated with improved infarct size and better left ventricular function. The efforts of the next decade should be focused on the further removal of barriers to rapid treatment and to the evaluation of new agents, so that the devastating effects of myocardial infarction are minimized to the fullest extent.


In the mediterranean conditions the classic models are not avaliables for to explain the runoff/runon processes. The Mediterranean area is a zone of special interest , because in which the classical models of generation of runoff are presenting of form combined. In this research, we analyse the possible hydrologic hehavior of two slopes with different pluviometric gradient. In which, by means of an exhaustive analysis of vegetation and the soil characteristics, we determine which could be its hydrologic behaviour attending to two types of different parameters; on the one hand, we could to cal! hydrodynamic model, its based in the mixed and discontinue Horton models (Calvo Cases, A. 2003 ), (Lavee et al. 1998), and the other hand, hydrological used in the civil engineering. According to hydrologic the results are very extremes, and a good behaviour to attending the slope hydrodynamic. Such, the vegetation pattern, its disposition, and the integration with edafological characteristics about its rainfall, has an important role.


Four layered hybrid perovskites, based on tin iodide sheets intercalated by divalent organic cations (ethylenediammonium, 2,2′-biaziridinium, 2,2′-biimidazolium, and 4,4′-bipyridinium), have been modeled with ab initio techniques. The crystal structures have been optimized at the DFT level, not including thermal effects, and finding and characterizing three minima for each cation; with respect to the analogues with monovalent cations, the structures are more distorted and mostly in a staggered arrangement. The interlayer distances are quite small for all of the systems, due to the single layer of strongly charged cations between the inorganic sheets. The band profiles and the band gaps, computed with an additive approach including the effects of spin orbit coupling and post-DFT correlation corrections, show an unexpected and interesting feature: with two of the cations some nearly degenerate low energy levels appear at the bottom of the conduction band. As a consequence, these systems present unusually lo...


The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of gender emotional intelligence and rural –urban background on work motivation. for this 200 respondents were selected as sample for this study tools used were Agrawal work motivation scale and Singh emotional intelligence. Obtained data were analysed on t-test result confirmed the hypothesis of difference between two group of respondents in their gender, emotional intelligence and rural-urban background.


The fact that large amount of NO3- -N accumulated in vacuole cannot be timely transported into cytoplasm and then reduced and reutilized is the main reason for the great NO3- -N accumulation in vacuole and for the nitrogen use efficiency unable to be further improved. This paper reviewed the transportation mechanisms of NO3- -N in vacuole membrane. Vacuole membrane has two proton pumps, H+-ATPase and H+-PPase, which have absolutely different biological functions and physical characteristics, with Mg·ATP and Mg·PPi as the specific substrates, respectively. The H+ obtained through the hydrolysis of these substrates is pumped into vacuole, and contributes to the electrochemical proton gradient between cytoplasm and vacuole. The NO3- -N transportation from vacuole to cytoplasm is greatly depended on the electrochemical proton gradient. The NO3- -N transportation from cytoplasm to vacuole is mainly depended on the vacuole H+/NO3- antiport system, while the symport consisted of vacuole NO3- -N and other anions benefits the transportation of NO3- -N from vacuole to cytoplasm. The transportation of NO3- -N based on the proton pump of vacuole membrane is also affected by the cytoplasm nitrate reductase (NR) activity. Cytoplasm NR can continuously assimilate and reduce NO3- -N, making the NO3- -N accumulated in vacuole more transported into cytoplasm and utilized. This review could provide reference for the further study on the efficient and practicable measures of plant nitrogen utilization, and for improving the NO3- -N reutilization efficiency.


Migrants from the Philippines have been coming to the United Kingdom under the work permit scheme as a response to the country's shortage of workers in the 1970s. In 2015, there were 139, 570 Filipinos living and working in the UK, a small fraction of almost 8.5 million migrant population across United Kingdom. In rural areas of Wales, however, Filipinos are becoming one of the major migrant groups in the labour market particularly in the health care sector. Unlike other migrant groups, the Filipinos attract little and almost none existent attention from social researchers. Economic migration in Wales, in general, is also understudied. There is a need to understand the experiences, not only of the Filipino migrant workers but of all migrant groups as well as the impact of these experiences to their social identity, sense of belongingness and wellbeing. This study aims to fill these gaps in research. The methodology adopted in this study includes semi-structured interview and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of accounts to gain an in-depth understanding of the lives of Filipinos living and working in rural areas of Wales and how their perceived social identities are shaped by and in return impact their experiences in their receiving communities. The result of this study aims to add to the knowledge in the field and inform future public policies concerning economic migrants as a whole.


Burlingame to Succeed Schutz as ER Editor Martin Burlingame, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, has been appointed editor of the Educational Researcher, 1978-80, to succeed Richard E. Schutz, SWRL. Dr. Burlingame, whose editorship will commence with the January, 1978, issue, is professor and chairman of the Department of Administration, Higher and Continuing Education. Previously he served as a senior associate at NIE, where he chaired the Task Force on Governance and Organization. Earlier teaching posts included assistant and associate professorships in educational administration at the University of New Mexico (196873) and five years of high school teaching in Milwaukie, Oregon, before receiving his Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Chicago. An active consultant to a number of school systems and educational organizations, Dr. Burlingame has written extensively on administrative and political aspects of education, as well as on issues of curriculum, and educational finance and policy. Currently a member of the AERA finance committee, he has also served in several appointive offices in Division A and as a frequent reviewer for manuscripts of other AERA publications.


Objective. To evaluate the in vivo tooth volume through VRMesh and 3Matic programs and to compare the measurements to the physical volume. So, the aim of the study was to ensure the reliability and sensitivity of the three-dimensional software (VRMesh and 3Matic) in measuring tooth volume. Material and Methods. The volume of 26 extracted upper first premolars from orthodontic patients who had CBCT before orthodontic treatment were measured. Two different commercial programs, which were VRMesh and 3Matic, were used to calculate the volume of the segmented upper first premolar from CBCT. The in vivo tooth volume was compared to the physical tooth volume to examine the accuracy of the two software in measuring the tooth volume. Results. The difference between the mean of the in vivo and in vitro tooth volume measurements was too small, making it clinically nonsignificant. ANOVA test was used as a statistical tool, and no statistically significant difference was noticed among the measurements. The values were normally distributed when tested for normality by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test.

 P

 value less than or equal to 0.05 (

 P
 ≤
 0.05

 ) was considered statistically significant. Conclusion. The assessment of the in vivo tooth volume measurement with different three-dimensional imaging software (VRMesh and 3Matic) programs in comparison with the tooth physical volume is reliable. The use of a mouse pen during the refining stage of the segmentation may have increased the accuracy of the procedure. The determined in vivo tooth volumes are dependable and can be applied in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.


In the evaluation of scientific research, it is clear that 'scientific quality' is proving to be one of the most important criteria, and in the case of research for development, it is on an equal footing with another key dimension: relevance for development. The evaluation criteria and procedures are very similar to those applied in the evaluation of research in general: peer reviews, panels, bibliometric indices, etc ... The practical application of these tools in the case of research for development can sometimes be quite difficult. There is, however, a general consensus that quality should be expressed identically for any scientific research, with the same problems and constraints. In this article and to evaluate a scientific article, we thought to study the semantic relationship between the citing article and the other cited, we based on the Topic modeling theme with the choice of LDA and LDA2VEC algorithms applied to the corpus Nips (1987-2017) then on the citations of each article of the corpus.


In order to study the susceptibility and sensitivity of Meriones meridianus in the Tarim Basin to Yersinia pestis and whether matrilineal antibody is present in newborn M.meridianus or not, Yersinia pestis (strain No.98005) isolated from Meriones unguiclatus in Inner Mongolia were inoculated subcutaneously in the dose of 1×10 1~1×10 9 viable bacillinto into M.meridianus captured from the Tarim Basin. It was found that the pathological change,susceptibility, sensitivity and resistance potentiation after secondary infection were roughly the same as the results obtained from M.meridianus infected with Y.pestis (strain No. 21106) isolated from Marmota baibacina in Uqia, Xinjiang. M.meridianus received secondary inoculation with 1×10 9 plague bacilli gave offsprings in survivors after feeding for 168 days. F1 antibody to plague bacillus was detected from male parent, female parent and offsprings. It demonstrated that matrilineal antibody in M.meridianus be transmitted through placenta.


Corrugated sheets with optimized mechanical properties are crucial for lightweight design in industrial applications. This study considered and optimized a corrugated sheet with a sinusoidal profile to enhance elastic modulus, tensile-bending coupling, and weight reduction. For this aim, first, flat specimens consisting of E-glass woven fiber and epoxy resin were made by hand lay-up method, following ASTM D3039. The tensile test determined young's modulus of flat samples. Afterward, two molds with supports were fabricated. The corrugated specimens were constructed and exposed to a standard tensile test. The finite element analysis was used to simulate the tensile test of corrugated samples. The numerical force-displacement curve is derived from numerical analysis and verified by experimental results. After that, two multi-objective optimization problems, mass-constraint and global optimization, were implemented. Analytical formulations were verified by numerical and experimental results and utilized for optimization purposes. The genetic algorithm was used to examine and confirm trade-off behavior between objective functions. The Pareto fronts diagrams for mentioned two multi-objective optimization problem were obtained. Finally, the optimum parameters are calculated by using the LINMAP (Linear Programming Technique for Multi-dimensional Analysis of Preference) method.


ABSTRACT Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) provides livestock feed and captures nutrients from fields receiving manure application. The objective of this study was to determine relationships among maturity and yield, mineral uptake, and mineral concentration. Primary spring growth of 'Marshall' ryegrass was harvested every 7 d to 56 d maturity and was fertilized with swine effluent containing 254 and 161 kg nitrogen (N) and 42 and 26 kg phosphorus (P) ha−1 for two years. Yield increased linearly to a maximum of 13.6 mg ha−1 after 49 d in 2001 and 8.0 mg ha−1 after 56 d in 2002. Mineral uptake was highly correlated (r > 0.95) with yield and attained a maximum single harvest of 192 kg N ha−1 and 32 kg P ha−1 (mean of two years). Concentration of all minerals except calcium (Ca) declined as ryegrass matured. Low magnesium (Mg) concentration (< 2 g kg−1 dry matter) increases the risk of hypomagnesemic grass tetany.


Objective: To study of etiologies of hypoglycemia at emergency department in Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. Method: This study was a descriptive study complied by conducting a retrospective survey regarding the etiologies of hypoglycemia at Emergency Department in Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital identified 360 patients (128 men and 232 women, ranging in age from 1 to 90 years) of hypoglycemia in the nineteen months period from January 1, 2006 - July 31, 2007. Result: The study concluded that the most of etiologies of hypoglycemic patients are diabetics with the percentage of 95.83 (345 patients), and the rest, 4.17% (15 patients) are nondiabetics. The most of diabetic patients used oral diabetic drug. The other diseases occurring in these diabetic patient are Hypertension 69.44%, Cerebrovascular disease 15.28%, Chronic alcoholism 13.89%, Chronic renal failure 9.17%, Hyperlipidemia 8.33%, Cardiovascular disease 7.50%, Cirrhosis 3.05%, Acute renal failure 2.22%, Sepsis 1.11%, Urinary tract infection 1.11%, Diarrhea 0.84%, Adrenal insufficiency 0.55%, Gastritis 0.55%, Anemia 0.55%, Pulmonary TB 0.28%, and Hydrocephalus 0.28%. Non-diabetic patients 4.17% (15 pateints) had hypoglycemia from chronic Alcoholism 0.84%, sepsis 0.84%, seizure 0.55%, hepatocellular carcinoma 0.55%, Carcinoma of gall bladder and duodenum 0.28%, Necrotizing fasciitis 0.28%, HIV 0.28%, and unknown cause 0.55%.


This research tries to explore the issue of beta stationarity on Jakarta Stock Exchange. The tests indicate that the stationarity beta is dependent on the estimation interval. Investor will be better off using a longer estimation period. Understanding beta make it easier for investors to predict their future investments. By using 92 samples listed in BEJ, correlation analysis convey that beta tends not to stay in the same risk class from one period to the next.Keywords: Stasionarity, Beta, correlation coefficient


Recommender systems are extensively seen as an effective means to combat information overload, as they redound us both narrow down the number of items to choose. They are seen as assistance us make better decisions at a lower transaction cost. Hence, recommender systems have become omnipresent in e-commerce and are also increasingly used in services in different other domains both online and offline where the number of items exceeds our potentiality to consider them all individually. The research papers recommender systems are software applications or systems that help individual users to discover the most relevant research papers to their needs. These systems use filtering techniques to create recommendations. These techniques are categorized majorly into collaborative-based filtering, content-based technique, and hybrid algorithm. In addition, they assist in decision making by providing product information both personalized and non-personalized, summarizing community opinion, search research papers, and providing community critiques. As a result, recommender systems have been shown to ameliorate the decision.