The 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran prompted the Gulf conservative Arab states to undertake a series of measures to safeguard their regimes, as well as peace and security in the region. The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and the setting up of the Regional Defence Force by the United States raised the spectre of outside interference in Gulf affairs. The fall of the Shah had clearly undermined the credibility of the United States as a reliable security partner. Given the populist and Islamic content of the revolution in Iran, its anti-monarchic and anti-United States stance, these states sought an alternative course to safeguard their security. The Gulf War further aggravated their sense of nervousness, and soon they took steps to avoid becoming involved in the conflict. This was basically due to their distrust of the Iraqi Baathist regime as well as their desire not to antagonise Iran. With Iran and Iraq at war, Saudi Arabia consolidated its position and emerged as the leader of the Gulf Arab states. Against this backdrop, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was established in May 1981 as a regional organisation to overcome the security problems by pooling resources and lessening dependence on outside support. The preamble of the GCC is based on shared values, similarity of political systems, religious affinity and a common destiny that binds the Arab states of the Gulf. The purposes of the organisation include: (1) achievement of coordination and cooperation among the members; (2) promotion of cooperation among the people of member states; (3) harmonisation of procedures and practices in the fields of finance, economics, commerce, education, culture, legislation and public administration; (4) promotion of scientific and technological development of members; (5) development of a common defence strategy; and (6) collection and sharing of intelligence information regarding subversive and opposition groups.


Abstract In this study, a number of model tests were conducted to study the interference effect of two near-by strip footings on dry, cohesionless, layered soil. The single as well as two-layer foundation bed was prepared by using Ennore sand. Two different widths (75 and 50 mm) of model footing were employed in the study. To study the interference effect between two footings, first, the bearing capacity of single isolated footing was obtained and later on, that of closely spaced footings was determined. The experimental study indicates that the bearing capacity of single footing on the layered deposit decreases with increase in D/B, where D and B are the depth of top weak layer and width of footing, respectively. The effect of centre to centre spacing (S) between two footings, on their bearing capacity and settlement at failure is mainly focused in this paper. The settlement behavior of closely spaced footings is found to follow the same trend as the bearing capacity. The results are presented in terms of efficiency factors (ξγ, ξδ) and their variation was obtained with the change in S. The present experimental observations are generally found in good agreement to those theoretical and experimental results available in the literature.


The west annexe of the Trimontium Roman fort complex (NGR: NT 567 344), near Newstead, has been examined using magnetometer and resistance meter. New details about the defences and annexe interior have been identified anda sequence of development in relation to the rest of the settlement is proposed.


Putative hybrid toads of the genus Bufo were collected in central Arizona and identified using allozymes, qualitative and qalsntitative morphological characters, and release call characteristics. Data suggest one hybrid resulted from mating between Bufo cognatus and Bufo woodhousii, and the other three resulted from matings between Bufo alvarius and B. woodhousii. Natural hybridization between these taxa has not been previously reported. To date, B. woodhousii has been found to hybridize with four species of the Bufo americanus species group, of which B. woodhousii is a member, and five other species which represent three outgroups to the B. americanus group. Fossil evidence suggests some genomic compatability has been retained between B. alvarius and B. woodhousii despite at least 6 million years of independent evolution. Hybridization among members of Bufo may be due to alternative mating tactics of males, such as active searching, and by alteration of historical habitats in central Arizona. WT EATHIIN the Bufo americanus group of North


Background: The use of a training booklet and electronic software has a special place due to lack of time and space constraints. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of electronic software and training booklet on maternal self-esteem and awareness regarding newborn care in nulliparous women. Methods: Thisrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialwasconductedon126pregnantwomenwithagestationalageof 36-38weeksin healthcarecentersinthecityof Miandoab,IranfromFebruary2015untilApril2016. Usingarandomizedblockdesign,participants wereassignedinto2groups(42mothersreceivingelectronicsoftwareand42mothersreceivingtrainingbooklet)andcontrolgroup (42mothersreceivingpostpartumroutinetraining). Anoraltrainingsessionwasheldforparticipantsinbothinterventiongroups. Then, a training booklet or electronic software was provided to them. Maternal self-esteem and awareness regarding newborn care questionnaires were completed by participants in the 3 groups at the start of the intervention and 4 weeks after the childbirth. Results: Aftercontrollingthebaselinevalues,themeanscoreof self-confidenceinthetrainingbookletgroup(adjustedmeandiffer-ence = 5.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 10.0; P = 0.012) was significantly higher compared with the control group. Furthermore, themeanscoreof awarenessregardingnewborncareinthetrainingbookletgroup(1.5;0.6to2.3;P< 0.001)andtheelectronicsoft-waregroup(2.0;1.2to2.9;P< 0.001)wassignificantlyhighercomparedwiththecontrolgroup. Therewasnostatisticallysignificant difference between the 2 groups after the intervention in terms of level of awareness and self-confidence. Conclusions: The results showed a significant effect of electronic software and training booklet in raising awareness about newborn care and self-confidence. Therefore, these methods are advisable to mothers.


In order to identify the origin of the effect of anomalously narrowly-directional backscattering of radio waves (ANDBR) of the X-band in desert areas, the work describes a complex analysis of many years of research in the Sahara desert regions. According to the results of the analysis, which was carried out using the SAR radar data of the Envisat-1 satellite, results of contact measurements, weather conditions and taking into account modern theories, the characteristics of the scattering of radio waves by the aeolian landforms of the desert were modeled. A new model of anomalous backscatter is proposed, according to which the main scatterer towards the radar is a grid formed by the wind from electrified saltons and reptons at a height of 2–3 cm from the surface and repeating the landform of ripples and barchans. The new model made it possible to explain the main features of experimental studies of the ANDBR effect. Namely: the dependence of the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) of the researched terrain on the near-surface wind speed up to 10 m/s with opposite directions of the wind and radar survey vectors, as well as with their mutual azimuthal deviation of ±45 degrees. By using the new model, satellite monitoring of the near-surfacelayer moisture of the Earth desert regions at 3 cm and 5.6 cm radio wave length swith radar viewing angles is proposed.
Keywords: radar remote sensing, desert monitoring, anomalously narrowly-directional backscattering, sand electrified layer.


Introduction: Supporative care includes detection and providing necessary interventions to prevent, control or alleviate complications and side effects in order to improve the comfort and quality of life of cancer patients to meet their needs. The aim of this research was to determine the level of unsatisfied needs of patients after breast cancer surgery and also to determine connection with social demographic characteristics and risk factors. Material and methods: This study was conducted as a cros-ssectional study, on a sample of 40 patients that have undergone surgical breast cancer treatment at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica during 2019. The instrument used in this research was Short form of the Supportive Care Needs Survey questionnaire (SCNS-SF34). It was used to determine the level and type of healthcare assistance needed by the patients. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions that are divided through five domains. The higher score (min=1, max=5) indicates a higher need for support. Results: The average age of the patients was 61.5±12.8 years. The highest level of required healthcare support was determined in the domain of the Healthcare system and information, while the domain with lowest value was Sexuality. Statistically significant difference was discovered between the values of the Healthcare system and information and the educational level (p=0.03), which indicates that patients with a higher level of education have a bigger level of needs from this domain. Conclusion: This study provides information about patient needs for supportive care in daily life activities, after breast cancer surgery. The results of the research clearly indicate that patients after breast cancer surgery face unmet needs in all domains except sexuality.


The Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has deeply altered social and working environments in several ways. Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic, almost every Organisation was responsible for strategic planning to continue further their functional unit by combining the remote and on-site working modes. To proceed with the business transactions in a smooth and speedy manner, remote working culture was introduced in the workplace as a mode of practicing social distancing policy. The new Business Policy i.e., Remote or Hybrid culture is an example of the transformation of business which was applied on multiple levels. The new model of business operation was like a Renaissance for every business function as all individuals were able to adopt the new system in a strategic manner. The Organisation also tried to engage its members with the new ecosystem to deliver the best economic value to the end-users. Restrictions, Social Distancing policies, mandatory lockdown, quarantine period, the anxiety of falling sick and social isolation along with the fear of uncertain layoff and suspension order for job loss generated the fear of missing out (FOMO) which also influences the mental health of the professionals. Workplace facets can play a critical act in controlling or decaying the insane well-being of the population applique this universal sketch. The reason for this paper survey look out and recognize the specialist recognition of work push taking after the scourge rise of COVID-19 and address any diminishing issues like Social Separation and charm that influence useful efficiency and Work-Life-Adjust and the starting of a stretch at the institution. The paper again aims to label the part encumber that developed in the turmoil of the Circadian Rhythm of the operator all the while the ownership of Work from Home (WFH). The size of stress varies on the vital type of the assigned work. The question of stress not only influences the manufacturing but again the strength of the members and the social interactions of their kins. It is individual of surprisingly wonderful meaningful widespread hurdles to the active atmosphere that developed in the emotional disorder of the experts inside the active fixes.


systems originated has been so far overshadowed by Gelb's theory of evolutionary development, and the study of the Greek alphbetarium has been dominated by the issues regarding the nature of literacy in ancient Greece. The book is a bold attempt to answer a cricially important and interesting question in scholarly research which would compel the attention of both students of writing systems and classicists.


The subject innovation relates to a kkachijip protection, jidoe comprises a pole coupling portion and the forward downhill slope and the rear downhill slope and the upper downhill slope projecting said outwardly from the pole fastening portion to be fixed to the pole, the forward downhill slopes and caused by written by the house to the blackcurrant by preventing so as not to present a kkachijip protection device, characterized in that additional univariate rear downhill slope comprises are connected to the both sides portions of the upper downhill slope, kkachijip is created in wangeum vicinity of the electric pole by using the metal pieces the power outage caused by kkachijip to prevent the dictionary. Magpie home wangeum, Jeonju, chert Thailand, slopes, downhill, Crest, side, metal parts, power outages


It discloses a system (200) that allows for noninvasive, continuous local and remote sensing of internal environmental characteristics of transportable containers (201). System (200) detects an internal environmental condition by utilizing a container (201) various sensors in the (204).


-Oxygen isotope ratios of <0.1-~m smectite in bottom sediments of the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the fiver have been determined to investigate diagenesis of landderived clay minerals during sedimentation in the sea. No difference was detected in 6'80 (SMOW) between the river and the Gulf samples indicating that no smectite alteration or addition of neoformed smectite to the river samples took place during sedimentation. Thus, authigenic minerals in the fiver sediments cannot make up more than a few tenths of a percent of the bulk sediments. Similar results were obtained from 3 x 106-yr b.p. sediments buried to 80 to 600 m at Deep Sea Drilling Project site 323, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain. No significant change with depth was noted in the 6180 of the <0.3-tzm size fraction, mostly smectite, of these land-derived sediments. On the basis of the 6~80 of the deepest sample, the maximum amount of authigenic minerals in the land-derived sediments during burial in the sea cannot be more than one or two percent of the bulk sediments. Hence, the alteration at seafloor temperatures of 25-45% of the <0.1-/zm size clays in 3 x 106 yr b.p. sediments reported in a previous study is not substantiated. The data demonstrate that land-derived smectite is stable in the sea, and that oxygen isotopes can be used to investigate the modes and the temperatures of formation of authigenic smectites in marine sediments that are younger than 25 x 106 yr and that formed below 25~ Key Words--Diagenesis, Gulf of Mexico, Isotope, Mississippi River, Oxygen, Sedimentation, Smectite. I N T R O D U C T I O N Clay minera ls o f deep-sea b o t t o m sediments appear to have preserved their original oxygen isotopes to the extent that mos t l and-der ived clays can be easily dist inguished f rom clays fo rmed in the sea by their oxygen isotope compos i t ions (Savin and Epstein, 1970). Yeh and Savin (1976) and Yeh and Epstein (1978), however, showed that the 0.1-~zm size fract ion o f clay min erals in deep-sea b o t t o m and nea r -bo t t om sediments may have been isotopically al tered by about 42% or more after about 3 x 106 yr. They no ted that their results could also be expla ined as a consequence o f addi t ion o f authigenic clay minera l s to the samples. Such authigenic clay minera ls could be products o f submar ine al terat ion o f vo lcanic ash or crystal l izat ion o f l and-der ived noncrystal l ine a luminos i l ica te mate rial. The dis t inct ion between the a l tera t ion o f detr i tal clay minera ls and the addi t ion o f authigenic clay m i n erals was not possible f rom their studies. The present s tudy is an effort to expand our unders tanding o f the diagenesis o f clay minera l s dur ing sediPresent address: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. 2 Present address: Cities Service Oil & Gas Corporation, Box 3908, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74102. men ta t ion and burial to depths where tempera tures are higher than deep-sea b o t t o m tempera tures and ages are older than 3 x 106 yr. The objec t ive o f the study was to de te rmine the constraints on the usefulness o f oxygen isotopes as p rovenance indicators in mar ine


Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve the spectrum efficiency through reusing the power-level space by different users. Although NOMA in single-input single-output channels has been thoroughly explored, it is still underexploited in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Precoding design in multiuser MIMO channels with nonorthogonal transmission is a multidimensional nesting problem, it is hard to compare two matrix channels if only their power levels are considered. In this paper, we first propose a method to compare the covariance matrices of two channel matrices, and then derive a channel condition under which the linear precoding scheme can achieve the sum capacity. Considering arbitrary realizations of multiuser channels, we provide a nested precoding algorithm that can work well in highly correlated multiuser channels. Based on this idea, a specialized superposition transmission scheme between signaling and data information is proposed, where plenty of resources beneath the signaling signal are utilized to transmit data information for dedicated users, and a large amount of extra rates are achieved. In addition, space-time coding is used for signaling information and spatial-division multiplexing is used for multiuser data information. Under the constraint that signaling information should be correctly decoded at any position in the cell, we seek to maximize the sum rate of the underneath multiuser data streams. To this end, the optimal and a low-complexity simplified precoding algorithms are developed. Finally, simulation results verify the throughput improvement and the correct decoding probability of the signaling information.


Despite extensive and very costly public health campaigns, that target mental health issues, tobacco smoking, sun protection, drug and alcohol issues, safer sex, accidental injury, drink driving, and speeding, many thousands of adolescents and young people are still affected by preventable health problems. Research findings suggest that there is little help available for parents concerned about the health and wellbeing of their adolescent. Many parents of young people with quite serious drug and alcohol problems, and other problems such as self harm, report making numerous unsuccessful attempts to secure professional help for the young person in the very early stages of the abuse trajectory. While parents could see some subtle but alarming changes that were the catalyst for their seeking help, they reported that health professionals did not recognise the problems for what they were, until problems were entrenched and serious implications of drug use, such as involvement of the criminal justice system, had already occurred. (non-author abstract)


Hexapods are general solutions that provide movement with six degrees of freedom for instrument positioning, alignment, and support. In the case of the METIS instrument, the hexapod must satisfy the following stringent requirements: a) support the 11-ton weight of an instrument; b) allow alignment and provide position stability to the instrument to within a tenth of a millimeter; c) provide an adjustment range of about 20 cm; d) support the instrument allowing for accelerations of over 3 g in all directions; e) have the lowest mass possible. Commercial linear actuators that are generally used in such cases are designed for extended movement, include a complete set of bearings that constrain each actuator lateral displacements and a sophisticated central screw that defines only the longitudinal movement. These solutions tend to be heavy and costly if roller screws are used to avoid backslash. They encompass ranges that are a major fraction of the total length and are designed for fast movement. Both these characteristics exceed the requirements of the METIS application. We present an optimized design for the hexapod which includes a different, lightweight, sturdy, small-range, highprecision, no backslash, earthquake-proof actuator. The design of the hexapod is such that it can be used, in general, as a mass and vibration optimized solution for precision heavy instrument alignment.


As dynamic road traffic information systems and services are largely developed, it appears useful to harmonise and to fix the basis and the structures of the language used, at least inside the same country. Through surveys and monitoring of users reactions and opinions, a first set of rules can be obtained with which to build efficient VMS (Variable Message Sign) messages, and to improve the general impact on traffic management. A French working group, with administration and motorways companies, set up such guidelines for the most current messages provided on interurban motorways. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


Sexual and emotional attraction humans feel towards animals, also known as zoophilia, is perhaps the most controversial facet of human-animal relationships. In this article I explore this seemingly ultimate transgression of interspecies boundaries and probe the Israeli cultural encounters with it. I discern how the stated concerns for normative sexuality and animal rights masquerade the underlying factors in the zoophilia taboo, and reveal the cultural implications of human-animal sexual love in Israel. My fieldwork reveals not only the limits of acceptable human-animal love, but also the limits of legitimate research, and the consequences entailed for those who resolve to challenge them.


A novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON upstream link is proposed, named Two-level Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (TDBA) with limited cycle time. This algorithm, combined with Service Level Agreement (SLA) and characteristic of DiffServ, adopts interleaved polling of limited cycle time. Optical Line Terminal (OLT) employs class-based traffic prediction according to the queue status of Optical Network Unit (ONUi) and assigns a bandwidth grant to it, and then ONUi reallocates the bandwidth to each class based on actual traffic. The simulation results show that the algorithm realizes high bandwidth utilization and effectively improves the QoS of EPON compared to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation with Multiple Services (DBAM).


Picaresque literature is known for several specific traits: 1) firstperson narration and the protagonist's struggle for survival and a better life; 2) the chaotic childhood, outsiderdom, and low social class of the main character; 3) frequent role changes or disguises; and 4) an inconclusive ending. This article traces the muddled genealogy and subsequent chaotic lives of four picaros : Lazarillo de Tormes, Quevedo's Pablos de Segovia, Bellow's Augie March, and Defoe's Moll Flanders.


A series of pyrazolo[1,5-f]phenanthridine derivatives has been efficiently synthesized by a short, straightforward sequence. A tandem amine-exchange/heterocyclization of enaminones was successfully applied to the regioselective preparation of 1,5-diarylpyrazole intermediates with structure resemblance to relevant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib or tepoxalin. The final key step, cyclization by intramolecular biaryl bond formation, was accomplished by two alternative methodologies: radical coupling and catalytic direct arylation via C-H activation. The scope and limitations of the two methodologies have been explored and their complementariness has been established. In addition, polymer-supported heterogeneous catalysts have been compared with homogeneous analogues. In the radical process, toxic tin derivatives have been avoided in order to employ environmentally safer protocols.


Ventricular function is routinely assessed by applying the clinically accepted metric ejection fraction (EF). The numerical value of EF depends on the interplay between end-systolic volume (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV). The relative impact of the two constitutive components has received little attention.


Bayesian adaptive designs have gained popularity in all phases of clinical trials in the recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has brought these designs to the centre stage. The need for establishing evidence for the effectiveness of vaccines, therapeutic treatments and policies that could resolve or control the crisis has resulted in development of efficient designs for clinical trials that can be concluded with smaller sample sizes in a shorter time period. Design of Bayesian adaptive trials, however, requires extensive simulation studies that is considered a disadvantage in time-sensitive settings such as the pandemic. In this paper, we propose a set of methods for efficient estimation and uncertainty quantification for the design operating characteristics of Bayesian adaptive trials. The proposed approach is tailored to address design of clinical trials with the ordinal disease progression scale endpoint but can be used generally in the clinical trials context where design operating characteristics cannot be obtained analytically.


Birth weight (BW) and body weights at 205 (WW), 365 (YW) and 550 days (EW) of Nellore cattle raised on pastures were analysed. The animals were born from 30 herds of north Sao Paulo State, from 1976 throught 1981. The least squares means (kg) for BW, WW, YW and EW were respectively 28.6, 148.8, 206.8 and 265.2. Males BW, WW, YW and EW were superior to the same female measurements (P<.01). Only BW was not affected by year of birth. Otherwise WW, YW and EW decreased (P<.01) along time. Calves born during first season (Oct-December) had the greatest BW (P<.05). Those from fourth season (Jul-September) were the heaviest at weaning. For YW the maximum was obtained by animals from third season (Apr-June). Calves born from July throught December had greater EW (P<.05) than those from second season and third. The year x season interaction was significant for BW (P<.05) and for WW, YW and EW (P<.01). Herd and sire/herd affected all body weights and the age of dam had a quadratic influence (P<.01) on BW and WW. The heritability estimates for BW.WW. YW and EW, were respectively, 34±.04;.26±04;,29±06;and.25±.08. Four selection criteria were discussed, based on the direct and correlated genetic response and selection of animals at 365 days was suggested.


Non-contact is the only way used in real-time measurement of object surface temperature at dynamic state. Pyroelectric crystal material is heat-variable detector that is sensitive to temperature difference, but when temperature of detected object is close to or equal to that of ambient temperature, noise coefficient of using pyroelectric crystal material to measure difference is very prominent, so measurement accuracy can be reduced or measurement meaning is lost. This paper puts forward temperature difference compare method using precise refrigeration temperature as reference. Measurement of detected temperature at normal temperature using this method can not only overcome low SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) problem caused by small measurement temperature difference, but also compensate measurement error caused by ambient temperature changes. Based on measuring temperature characteristics of pyroelectric material, it is generally required that high SNR can be acquired only when temperature difference between refrigeration reference temperature and detected object temperature is more than 3°C.


In the 1980s, self-government was developed as a special managing form for health care system. The system of self-managing was based on direct citizens' participation in decision making and regional decentralization. Political reforms related to the onset of transition in Croatia in 1990, and the struggle for independence gained in 1991, lead to reforms of the overall system, including health care. One of the introduced measures was the centralization of health care, justified by the lack of co-operation and control as well as severe financial difficulties. This period was signed by orientation towards war related health issues and target groups. New step in health care reforms was undertaken in 1993. The reform started in 1993 organized Health insurance as national system, defined the ownership in the health care (national, and regional) and introduced privatization. The central administration kept very tight control over health care through finances and by-laws, but main idea was to introduce market principles into health care system. However, economic crisis 1995 – 2000, again emphasised social issues and political dimension of health care. In the year 2002, national complementary insurance was introduced for participating fees, and many sensitive groups became free of any participation, even complementary insurance. This change was recognized as patient friendly, but caused fast increase of the health care expenditures. Therefore last announced reforms stress need to cut costs, introduce higher participation fees and more market values in health care.


Abstract
Thanks to its low cost and high flexibility, in the last few years the winding technique has been successfully adapted for the production of complex Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) components with load-oriented fibre alignment. Since the winding angle can be adjusted in any direction (from 0° to 90°) during the fabrication process, it is important for the design of components to evaluate the elastic properties of CMCs as a function of the winding angle.
In this study, an inverse method based on the Classic Laminate Theory (CLT) has been used for the prediction of the elastic properties, i.e. Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, for a wound oxide CMC material, called WHIPOX® (Wound HIghly Porous OXide ceramic matrix composite). For this purpose the characteristics of an equivalent unidirectional layer (UD-layer) with consideration of fibre volume content (FVC) and porosity were calculated. On the basis of microstructural analysis the computed WHIPOX®UDproperties have been divided into two sets of elastic properties for small (below 30°) and large winding angles (30° and above). Full coverage of the mechanical properties in different wound orientations, non-orthogonal with ±3°/±87°, ±15°/±75°, ±30°/±60° and orthogonal with ±45° and 0°/90°, were evaluated with in-plane tension, and Iosipescu-shear tests. A good correlation between experimental and analytically calculated results is shown in this paper.


This paper will discuss strengthening mechanism of ultrasonic hydroxyapatite nm from each ultrasound parameters, such as: research ultrasonic power, intensity, frequency, etc., the findings concluded that ultrasound is through a liquid medium to a solution of molecules, ions action. When the ultrasound propagation in a liquid medium and the energy reaches a certain threshold, it will have a "cavitation" phenomenon. Thus, the formation of cavitation nuclei and growth has played a significant role in promoting, ultrafine, uniform nano-powders obtained provides a good foundation, it has been widely used in the preparation of nanometer powder.


Didymoplexiella Garay,a newly recorded genus of Orchidaceae from Guangxi,China is reported. This genus is closely related to Didymoplexis Griff.,but is distinguished from it by the presence of elongate,filiform stelidia that extend from the column wings and by the absence of a column foot. Didymoplexiella siamensis only distributed in Taiwan and Hainan island,China,but now it is also discovered in Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve of Guangxi. Detailed morphological description and field photos were provided,and the biogeographic significance of the discovery was discussed.


The leptokurtosls of many security market return distributions can contaminate ordinary least squares estimates of the β coefficient of the market model. Partially adaptive estimation techniques accommodate the possibility of fat tailed distributions. this methodology limits the influence of extremely large residuals and yields estimates which are both statistically and practically different from ordinary least squares.


Space Applications Center (SAC) of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) designs and develops electro optical sensors for earth observations and inter-planetary exploration missions. The sensors are fairly complex systems involving linear/area imaging elements, optics, electronics having large number of spectral bands, making their development a highly challenging task. To ensure in-orbit performance, the sensors are exhaustively tested on ground before being flown. XSCoPE (UNIX based Software System for Payload Evaluation) caters to the evaluation requirement throughout the development cycle of the cameras accomplishing data acquisition, parametric evaluation and optimizations. The paper describes an instrument control protocol (ICP) developed as part of the system and provides an abstraction layer in order to seamlessly interface with the test instrumentation having different underlying hardware interfaces. The protocol specifically developed for tests involving repeated measurements and automation, is scalable, generic in nature and can be adopted for different situations. Details of implementation of the protocol are given citing spectral response measurement test as a specific case to explain the idea.


An OSV word order that deviates from the canonical SVO word order is typically viewed as derived through movement.
 This theory has been widely supported by psycholinguistic studies showing that the displaced constituents are mentally reactivated
 at the gap positions. However, some cognitive-functionalists have proposed an alternative account: in a topic-prominent language
 like Chinese, topic is the basic unit of a sentence that delimits the frame within which the main predication holds. The present
 study adopts the cross-modal antecedent priming technique to test whether the sentence-initial object is structurally associated
 with the verb in native speakers' online processing. Results of two experiments show that the sentence-initial object is not
 associated with the verb whatsoever, neither lexically nor structurally, shedding light on the typological characteristics of
 Chinese as a topic-prominent language. However, the processing of the antecedent object was shown facilitated at the
 post-quantifier position.


This paper devotes to the study on the stability and decay of solution to fractional differential system involving the

 ψ

 -Hilfer fractional derivative of order

 α
 ∈

 0,1

 and type

 β
 ∈

 0,1

 . We first derive the solution of linear system by using the generalized Laplace transform, which can be represented by the form of Mittag-Leffler function. Then, in terms of the asymptotic expansion of the Mittag-Leffler function, stability properties of linear system are analyzed in more detail. Finally, we construct a linearization theorem and determine the stability near the equilibrium for the autonomous nonlinear differential system with the

 ψ

 -Hilfer derivative.


The word biofilm is a loose and relatively undefinable term which describes a microbial community generally associated with a surface. Biofilms have been classified by Wilderer and Characklis. 18 The lower levels of most biofilms consists of a dense layer of microbes and other organic or inorganic matter bound together within a polysaccharide matrix. Outside this is a looser layer which is often highly irregular in form with processes that can extend into the surrounding medium. The fluid layer bounding the film has a stationary 'viscous sublayer' through which solutes penetrate by molecular diffusion. Beyond this are fluid layers which may be in motion and where eddy diffusion means a faster transfer of matter between the bulk fluid layers and the film. It is generally accepted by most people that steep diffusion gradients, especially of oxygen exist in biofilms, especially in their more compact lower regions. This is confirmed by microelectrode measurements 4,10,15,17 and by the ubiquity with which anaerobic species are recovered from biofilms. 9,16


With the development of web map and mobile map,the efficiency of map generalization has to be increased.Parallel computation technique has shown advantage in processing remote sensing images and computing geometry.This paper attempted to combine map generalization and parallel computation together to approach the methods of improving the efficiency of map generalization.Based on the analysis of Li-Openshaw algorithm for simplification of line feature,this paper discussed the parallel computation strategies for the algorithm in the environment of multi-core processor and realized the parallel Li-Openshaw algorithm based on OpenMP.Finally,some experiments proved that the efficiency of Li-Openshaw line simplification algorithm could be improved through parallel computation based on OpenMP.


When X is a compact subset of C n and 0 < α ≤ 1, we define subalgebras of the Lipschitz algebras Lip(X, α) and lip(X, α), which are generated by polynomials, rational functions with poles off X, functions which are analytic in some neighbourhood of X, or functions which are analytic in the interior of X. We investigate their maximal ideal spaces and the equality among them. For certain compact plane sets X, we extend a result due to Dales and Davie, by showing that every continuously differentiable function on X can be approximated by rational functions in lip(X, α) norm. Finally we show that the algebra of rational functions with poles off X is dense in lip(X, α) on any compact plane set X, with planar measure zero, and then extend this result for particular compact subsets of C n , n > 1.


The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of medicines for the livestock and poultry, and particularly relates to a danofloxacin mesylate-amoxicillin suspension injection applicable to livestock and poultry as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The danofloxacin mesylate content in the preparation is 2.5% (W/V), the amoxicillin content is 15% (W/V) and the balance is grease for injection, a suspending agent, an antioxidant and an emulsifier. The preparation method comprises the following steps: heating and stirring the grease for injection and the suspending agent to obtain gel; adding the micro powder of the raw medicines danofloxacin mesylate and amoxicillin, the antioxidant and the emulsifier into the gel; and dispersing and homogenizing by a high-speed dispersion machine and a colloid mill to prepare the suspension. The invention has simple preparation process; and the prepared suspension injection meets the pharmacopeia requirements, has obvious long-acting effect on the digestive tract and respiratory diseases after intramuscular injection, and is a novel veterinary drug preparation with long-acting effect on the digestive tract and respiratory diseases of the livestock and poultry.


In this paper,we can design the several questions as follows to take reconsidering as the outline:What knowledge or thinking method is used in the process of reasoning thing out?Whether this proposition also does have other showing methods?What conclusion do you draw from the evidence?whether the condition is special or general?Whether the suppose and the conclusion in the topic can be exchanged?


Cyclopentanol is an important fine chemical intermediate for medicine and pesticide,which has extensive application. The preparation routes of cyclopentanol include adipic acid method,cyclopentene method and cyclopentane method based on the raw materials,which each have advantages and disadvantages. Technical comparisons were made among the above methods. It was concluded that cyclopentane oxidation method would be a direction for preparation of cyclopentanol due to its superiority in raw material price,environmentally friendly catalyst system and process.


A polymer-bound photosensitizer was synthesized by the reaetion of Merritield resin with 9-anthraeenemethanol in the presence of potassium hydride.The photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 was earried out with this polymer-bound photosensitizer in ethanol and toluene solutions.The experiment results demonstrate that this solid photosensitizer is efficient for the photoismerization and easy for separation from the reaetion mixtures.


e20024 Background: Daratumumab with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (D-RVd) induction chemotherapy (IC) has recently been shown to improve depth of treatment response for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients (pts) compared to RVd alone. The aim of this real-world data (RWD) retrospective study is to assess the efficacy and depth of response of D-RVd IC compared to RVd in transplant-eligible pts with NDMM. Methods: HealthTree Cure Hub for Multiple Myeloma (PMID: 35271305) an online portal for pts with plasma cell dyscrasias, was used to analyze validated RWD of 59 pts who received D-RVd to 121 pts with similar clinical characteristics but who received RVd at IC. Of the total 180 pts, 84 had completed IC and were at the initiation of maintenance (MT) at the time of this analysis. Patients that progressed prior to reaching MT or whose treatment deviated from the line of therapy (D-RVd/RVd IC, autologous stem cell transplant [ASCT], and MT, with or without consolidation) were also excluded. Response during MT was assessed using IMWG criteria. Results: From the 180 pts reviewed, 98 were excluded, 5 D-RVd and 10 RVD pts progressed before reaching MT, 11 D-RVd and 31 RVd pts deviated from the line of therapy, and 41 pts had not reached the MT phase at the time of the analysis. The remaining 84 pts (18 D-RVd pts and 64 RVd pts) were analyzed. Demographics and clinical characteristics were well-balanced between groups. The median age of both groups was 65 (range, 42-81), and over half were female (51%). The majority of pts (87%) had R-ISS stage I or II, and 45 pts (25%) had high-risk genetics (by mSMART 3.0). The overall response rate (ORR) was significantly higher for the D-RVd group compared to the RVd group at the initiation of MT (100% vs 62%; odds ratio, 22.4; P = 0.03). As assessed prior to the start of MT the depth of response was more favorable with D-RVd, with the odds ratio of achieving a VGPR or better at MT being significantly higher than RVd (89% to 58%; odds ratio (OR), 5.8; P = 0.03), complete response (CR) (78% to 47%; OR, 3.97; P = 0.03), stringent CR (sCR) (22% to 16%; OR, 1.5; P = 0.51), and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity (17% to 11%; OR, 1.6; P = 0.51). With a median follow-up of 17 months for the D-RVd group (n = 18) and 29 months for the RVd group (n = 64), 0 events of disease progression occurred in the D-RVd group compared to 23 events in the RVd group. Median PFS was not reached in the D-RVd group and a Kaplan-Meier probability indicated a median PFS of 41 months for the RVd group. Conclusions: These data document improved response rate in transplant-eligible NDMM pts who received daratumumab with RVd as an IC therapy. D-RVd also improved PFS with significant differences between the two groups seen at 12 and 18 months. These results add to the accumulating data that the addition of daratumumab with RVd may be the new standard of care for the aforementioned patient population.


A review with 8 refs. covering the present flue gas problems assocd. with the manuf. of ceramics, esp. the emission of fluorides, SOx, chlorides, and dust. [on SciFinder (R)]


The surface and electrokinetic properties of chitosan–TiO2 biomaterial have been investigated. Both carbohydrate polymer and titanium dioxide demonstrate unique physicochemical properties appropriate for biotechnological applications. However, the changing stability of such systems restricts its usage. Improved stability can be controlled by environmental parameters, process conditions, or modifying TiO2 structure. Antibacterial chitosan was used because its protective barrier can retard ripening, water loss, as well as destruction of products. The concentrations of compounds and solution pH were varied. Static and dynamic light-scattering measurements make evident the relationship between the state of aggregation of the suspensions and the stability. The chitosan–TiO2 system is characterized by improved physicochemical properties in comparison with base TiO2 as an effect of electrosteric stability. Stable material was obtained with the precisely selected compounds ratio, proved by Fourier transform infra...


An integrated fiber-to-the-homes (FTTHs) and wirele ss sensor network (WSN) provides a cost-effective solution to build up an immaculate ubiquitous-City (U-city). The key objectives of effective converge nce of FTTH and WSN are less computational complexity f or data packet processing, low installation cost, and good quality of services. In this paper, we int roduce an integrated network structure of multi-opt ical line terminal (multi-OLT) passive optical network ( PON) which can accommodate multiple service providers in a single PON. A modified version of in terleaved polling algorithm is proposed for schedul ing of control messages from multiple OLTs in a single network. We also provide detailed numerical analysi s of cycle time variation, successive grant schedulin g time, and average packet delay for both uniform a nd non-uniform traffic loads generated by each ONU, us ing fixed service bandwidth allocation scheme and limited service bandwidth allocation scheme. We als o compare the throughput of the proposed scheme with existing single-OLT PON for non-uniform traffi c load using limited service bandwidth allocation scheme. The simulation results show that the propos ed multi-OLT PON system can supports existing bandwidth allocation schemes with better performanc e than the single-OLT PON in terms of average packet delay, bandwidth utilization, and throughput .


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of school quality (X1), Promotion mix (X2), School location (X3) Against the number of students (Y). The type of this research is descriptive associative. Descriptive means describing the variables X1, X2, X3 dan Y, While the associative meaning seeks a relationship or influence between variables X1,X2, X3 and Y. This study uses ex post facto method, which is to test what has happened to the subject. The population in this study amounted to 24 schools, because the population is less than 100, the sampling technique in this study is to use saturated samples . A ll of the population is sampled. Based on the table, to test the above hypothesis is using statistic F. In the table it is explained that F hitung = 10007.508With a level of significance 0,00. F hitung With dk numerator = k and dk denominator = n-k-1 with α = 0,05 with F tabel = F (0,05)(3; 103-3-1)  = F (0,05)(3:100) = 2,790. Therefore F hitung  > F tabel  or 10007.508> 2,790. Means, H0 is rejected and H1 accepted. With a level of significance 0,00. Means, H 0 is rejected and H 1 accepted. It means that, there is a significant influence among school quality (X1), Promotion mix (X2), School location (X3) Against the number of students (Y). Level determination of 0.997 or 99.7%, this means the variable number of students (Y) is affected by school quality (X1), Promotion mix  (X2), School location (X3) of 99,7%, The rest of 0.3% influenced by other factors not examined in this study. Keywords: Promotion mix and school location , School quality .


Thirteen new benzimidazole Proton Pump Inhibitors were synthesized from mercaptomenaimidazoles, and their structures were determined by IR, 1HNMR and elementary analysis.


Objective:To examine the characteristics of childhood traumatic experiences in borderline personality disorder (BPD) in college students.Methods:The Personality Diagnosis Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+),Personality Disorder Interview- IV (PDI-IV) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire -28 Short Form (CTQ-SF) were administered to 3227 college students of sophomore and junior.Results:(1) In the investigation of PDQ-4+,31 subjects with childhood traumatic experiences (0.96%) were diagnosed as BPD,and the total score of BDL subscale was(2.62±1.70),including 18 females and 13 males. In CTQ test,the scores of bad environment in females were significantly higher than that in males [(13.63±4.54)vs.(9.83±1.95),P0.01].(2) Subjects with BPD got higher scores than normal controls in CTQ-SF,such as the emotional abuse [(2.11±0.77)vs.(1.66±0.49),P0.01].Conclusion:college students with borderline personality disorder mostly have d different childhood traumatic experiences,and there exists a sex difference.


The electrical conductivity of biological tissue is widely used in biological or medical research. Unlike the DC conductivity, the electrical conductivity under AC conditions is more difficult to measure. In this paper, a LabVIEW-based electrical conductivity measurement system was designed. The four-electrode method was applied. A higher measurement accuracy was achieved by using high precision instruments. A self-designed software made it easier and more convenient to measure, calculate and save data compared with previous work. Finally, we measured the electrical conductivity of porcine liver from 50kHz to 1MHz. This result is closed to the value in literature. This experiment shows that the measurement system can be used to measure the electrical conductivity of biological tissue under the condition of AC, and it has a high measurement accuracy.


Today, in the modern world of digital communications, sensitive information is transmitted via public networks. It is essential to ensure the privacy of their transmission with confidentiality, security and integrity using techniques like hashing. An optimized and high throughput implementation of Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) in hardware is a vital issue for the efficient operation of many modern and demanding systems that utilize this operation in high bandwidth links. In this paper, we propose a pipelined architecture of the SHA-3 256 algorithm in order to increase the hash function calculation speed in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed architecture is able to function in both single block and multi block messages. Our design is designed and verified in the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description language (VHDL) and synthesized in the FPGA Arria 10 GX. The results show that a significant improvement in throughput, frequency and efficiency is achieved compared to the published literature.


A new cost analysis study presented at Psych Congress 2018, highlights the substantial economic burden among U.S. veterans with treatment-resistant depression and what can be done about it.


This article considers whether Lawrence could have become as important a dramatist as he was a writer of fiction, on the evidence of the only really good play he wrote, 'A Collier's Friday Night'. The author concludes that there were special factors contributing to its success which did not apply in the case of his other plays.


Beauty,as a sharing understanding,is metaphysical concept.The form of beauty is not the contradiction of logic and content,but a domain with vague bound.Pre-Socrates time,focusing on social history and linguistic psychology,defined the number form,say beauty is the number abstracted from substances.However,it is also a transformation of regular motion desire.


A Raman oscillator of compressed hydrogen gas synchronously pumped by a frequency‐doubled mode‐locked Nd:YAG laser has been used to generate 6 psec Stokes pulses as short as 1/6 of the pumping pulsewidth.


The stability of a class of isothermal magnetostatic atmospheres with one ignorable coordinate corresponding to a uniform gravitational field in a plane geometry is explored. Special attention is given to the stability of nonpotential equilibria that have the same magnetic field geometry as the potential equilibrium of the solution family. It is found that equilibria in which the source currents for the potential field are buried at large distances below the photospheric base are stable. Also considered is the stability of configurations in which the source currents for the potential field are located at a finite depth below the base. 25 refs.


Roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams own a large number of horizontal construction layers, which can easily lead to weak joints among layers and generate interlayer joints with different scales to reduce the dam bearing capacity. In this study, extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to simulate crack propagation, the finite element description is first taken on the strong discontinuity. Subsequently, the displacement function of the crack-tip in the quadrilateral element and the geometric determination method of the crack-tip strengthening region are established. Afterwards, the discrete form of the governing equation is derived and the XFEM increment discretization method of the cohesive crack with the crack-tip reinforcement is proposed using the virtual node method to represent the discontinuity of the fracture element. These methods are validated through simulating mixed-mode cracking of one-sided notched asymmetric four-point bending beam. Eventually, the proposed methods are applied to RCC gravity dam to study the development rule and propagation path of the interlayer joints, so as to evaluate the effect of different lengths of the interlayer joints on the dam structural performance. The estimated critical values of dam deformation are helpful to prevent the dam failure during long term operation.


The purpose of random vibration testing is generally to verify strength and structural life by introducing random vibration through the mechanical interface. Typical applications are electrical components, instruments and small spacecraft for which acoustic testing is ineffective. The base-drive vibration test is conducted with the test item sitting on a moving platform that is driven by a shaker which introduces vibration typically up to 2000 Hz in three single-axis tests. The base-drive configuration is commonly employed to achieve test levels comparable to the launch environment. This conventional approach to testing has been known for decades to potentially overtest the test article at its own resonance frequencies. For this reason "notching" (i.e. reduction) of the specified input spectrum is often necessary. Notching on the input spectrum can be considered as far as it does not "jeopardise" the aim of the test, for example the qualification of the test specimen. As a consequence, one of the main issues for the structural engineer is to define a minimum threshold for the input notching. Special attention is paid to the "phenomenology" of secondary notching, which is related to level reduction on critical areas inside the test specimen. This paper provides some guidelines for assessing the notched profile in random vibration testing. In particular the importance and the benefits of performing a vibro-acoustic analysis of the complete spacecraft is illustrated with an example. The paper is based on some author's contributions to the ECSS Spacecraft Mechanical Loads Analysis Handbook [1], and his experiences with the a number of European Space Agency projects. A critical investigation of the overall approach from the definition of the test specification to the quantification of the notching is shortly presented. The guidelines should be used in the frame of the Euclid spacecraft hardware verification when base-drive random vibration testing will be performed to show compliance to the random vibration and vibro-acoustic environment requirements.


Mechanistic studies suggest that poor nitric oxide (NO) availability plays a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection


The present invention describes a tubular food casing, comprising a planar reinforcing insert and comprising at least one film-forming proteins, particularly gelatin and / or collagen coating. Insert is preferably a reinforced or spunbonded nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted, laid or knitted fabric, they may be protein-containing coating penetration. Food casing is preferably used as an artificial sausage casings or cheese coating.


The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence, content, structure and components of the innovation culture of the enterprise, the development of an approach to the diagnosis of its condition. A comparative, systemic-structural and statistical analysis were used to attain it. The author's model of the innovative culture structure of an industrial enterprise was offered. Problems in understanding of its role by middle and top managers of innovative industrial enterprises were outlined. The methodical approach to multifactorial diagnostics of the state of innovation culture of an industrial enterprise was developed and tested in general, as well as its separate components. The place of innovation culture of the industrial enterprise in the system of mechanisms of innovative environment formation was determined. The structural-logical scheme of the management mechanism of innovative environment formation and introduction at an industrial enterprise based on its innovation culture was developed.


A sulfate Zn-Fe alloy electroplating process and new brightener was described,and the influences of ion concentration of plating,mass concentration of FeSO4·7H2O,dosage of brightener,cathode current density,pH,temperature on the surface of coating and iron content were discussed.The results showed that the mass fraction of iron in the coating decreases as the ion concentration of zinc and iron as well as temperature increased.As the incrase of cathode current density as well as pH it increase first,when reaching a value the mass fraction Fe in the coating increases with their mass fraction decreases.It incrases as the increase of the concentration of FeSO4·7H2O.The article found out the optimum plating and explored the influence of new brightener on the coating.


Soil spatial variability of phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter was studied in different soils and management systems, in two counties: a) Eldorado do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on a Dark Red Podzolic-Kandiudult (conventional tillage, no-tillage, minimum tillage, and pasture), using a grid sampling of 1 x 1 m and at depths of 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.20 m; b) Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on a Dusky Red Latosol - Hapludox (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and on a Dark Red Latosol-Hapludox (pasture), using a grid sampling of 10 x 10 m and at depths of 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30 m. Wheat yield variability was studied only in Passo Fundo by harvesting areas of 1 m2. The highest variability was found for phosphorus and potassium, with values approaching a lognormal distribution. Spatial correlation was found, in most of the cases, for soil properties of at the management systems studied, as well as for wheat yield. No-tillage exhibited greater coefficients of variation and lower spatial dependence ranges and, therefore, was assumed to be responsible for greater variability of these soil properties than the other systems. The least soil variability occurred with pasture. No-tillage also exhibited positive cross-correlation for wheat yield with phosphorus, with potassium, and with organic matter.


- Movements on the international chessboard. Relations between Brazil and the United States and the countries of South America resemble a cautious and complex political game of chess. Today, thanks to its large vibrant economy, market-oriented policies, and stable democracy, Brazil is seen as a respected interlocutor, skilled negotiator, and independent mediator, able to find shortcuts in search of collaborative solutions among. In this special edition on foreign policy, Brazilian and foreign experts look into the developments, implications and burdens of Brazil's new role in international affairs.


Neutron emission spectra induced by 14.6-MeV incident neutrons, retrieved from ENDF/B-V, are graphically compared with experimental data by Hermsdorf et al. and Clayeux and Voignier. The elements selected for the comparisons include Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb, W, and Pb. In addition to comparing the evaluated total neutron emission spectra with experimental data, individually evaluated spectra from contributing reactions are presented. Only a few of the evaluated spectra were found to agree well with the measured spectra, namely, those evaluations which utilized advanced nuclear model codes with precompound effects and competing binary and tertiary reactions. Recommendations for removing several defects in most evaluations are made. 3 figures.


This paper describes an experimental embedding of Python into DrScheme. The core of the system is a compiler, which translates Python programs into equivalent MzScheme programs, and a runtime system to model the Python environment. The generated MzScheme code may be evaluated or used by DrScheme tools, giving Python programmers access to the DrScheme development suite while writing in their favorite language, and giving DrScheme programmers access to Python. While the compiler still has limitations and poor performance, its development gives valuable insights into the kind of problems one faces when embedding a real-world language like Python in DrScheme.


The family Equidae includes a diversity of extant species in the single genus Equus, notably horses (E. caballus and E. przewalskii) and a group called the non-caballines (which includes both Asian and African asses, as well as African zebras). The fossil record, however, shows even more remarkable diversity : within the past 5 million years at least 12 equid genera have been documented, including Hipparion, which is known from Plio-Pleistocene deposits in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa. A linear evolutionary sequence from a hyracotherian ancestor was proposed by Othaniel Marsh and championed by Thomas Huxley, but the evolution of equids within the past 55 million years is now recognized as being much more complex. Palaeontologists such as Basil Cooke, Rufus Churcher, Vera Eisenmann and Alan Gentry have generally relied on morphology and measurements for purposes of addressing the taxonomy of southern African Equidae, as others have done for equids from other areas. More recently the potential of genetic data has been demonstrated, most remarkably in a study published in December by Orlando et al.


We use the extended droop model to evaluate the performance requirements for SDM repeaters in transatlantic systems. The impact of repeater crosstalk on cable capacity is evaluated separately from fibre effects.


ABSTRACT This article examines the consequences of routine mobile devices usage tendency in the TPACK-based classroom with the aim of improving academic performance. Findings from the primary data analysis with students and prospective graduates with teaching intention in future (n = 313) in China indicate that the regular usage tendency of mobile devices in the TPACK-based classroom has a significant effect on the academic performance of university students. The effect of routine mobile devices usage has a strong significant relationship among TPACK constructs, continuance intention and academic performance. Despite a few limitations, like small sample size, this article examines the usage of mobile devices in the classroom in such a way that it can help adult learners to improve their academic performance. Also, the article highlights significant paths for instructors, education policy makers and managers of higher educational institutions.


The zona pellucida (ZP) micro-dissection technology has played a key role in the field of artificial assisted reproduction (such as ZP thinning, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), etc.). Currently, laser ZP micro-cutting technology using far-infrared beam has the disadvantages of high price, thermal damage, and low degree of freedom. Piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-cutting technology has matured at the biological tissue level, but ultrasonic cutting at the single-cell level is still difficult to achieve. In this paper, based on piezoelectric ultrasonic tissue micro-cutting theory, the mechanism of ultrasonic cutting of the oocyte ZP was researched, and a cutting method for the ZP was proposed. Based on the design formula of flexure's stiffness, this paper analyzes the effects of dimension parameters on the vibration condition of micro-needle. An ultrasonic cell surgery instrument based on a three-dimensional stereoscopic flexure-guided structure was designed. The modal analysis and the harmonic response analysis of the structure were performed using finite element software. The experimental results show that the lateral amplitude of the newly designed device's needle tip is smaller than the traditional one in the specified range of frequency. Among them, when the operating frequency is around 22.1 kHz, the lateral amplitude of the needle tip is reduced to $0.021\mu \mathrm{m}$. Finally, the theoretical method of piezoelectric ultrasonic cutting on single cell layer is presented for the first time, which has a broad prospect and significance for artificial assisted reproduction.


Companies are moving towards quickly providing better customer-centric products and services improve market share and market size with continuously growing revenue. As such, the effective collaboration among customers, developers, suppliers, and manufacturers throughout the entire product lifecycle is becoming much more important for the most advanced competitiveness. To address this need, a framework with technology solutions for product lifecycle collaboration is proposed in this study. The details of these collaboration models throughout the entire product lifecycle are depicted. The integration of the developed product lifecycle collaboration model with other application systems in a virtual enterprise ecosystem is described. It is hoped that the proposed model of product lifecycle collaboration will lay a frontier basis for further research and development in product lifecycle management.


Nowadays, the digital technologies and information systems (i.e. cloud computing and Internet of Things) generated the vast data in terabytes to extract the knowledge for making a better decision by the end users. However, these massive data require a large effort of researchers at multiple levels to analyze for decision making. To find a better development, researchers concentrated on Big Data Analysis (BDA), but the traditional databases, data techniques and platforms suffers from storage, imbalance data, scalability, insufficient accuracy, slow responsiveness and scalability, which leads to very less efficiency in Big Data (BD) context. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to present a generalized view of complete BD system that consists of various stages and major components of every stage to process the BD. In specific, the data management process describes the NoSQL databases and different Parallel Distributed File Systems (PDFS) and then, the impact of challenges, analyzed for BD with recent developments provides a better understanding that how different tools and technologies apply to solve real-life applications.


The invention discloses microbial feed additive used for pigs, and a preparation process thereof; the prescription is as follows: 1 portion of bacillus licheniformis, 1 portion of bacillus subtilis, 2 portions of bifidobacterium, 2 portions of enterococcus faecalis, 2 portions of enterococcus faecium, 1 portion of boas-oppler bacillus, 1 portion of lactobacillus casei, 1 portion of lactobacillus lactis, 1 portion of plant lactobacillus, 1 portion of candida utilis, 1 portion of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 80kg to 100kg of panela, 3kg to 5kg of salt, 5kg to 8kg of vinegar, 3kg to 5kg of lysine, 1kg to 2kg of methionine, and 1000L of pure water; the weight of each portion of strain is 2g to 5g. The preparation process is as follows: strain preparation, nutrient broth preparation, inoculated fermentation and check. The invention reduces the quantity of the used individual strain, and the strain quality is safe and reliable. The production process is simple and feasible, the effect is obvious; therefore, the invention has promotion value.


The controversial Murum dam in Malaysia is the first big overseas project for the China Three Gorges Project Company (CTGC) which is building hydro- and coal-fired power stations in 23 countries. So how it resolves its current conflict with the protesting Penan tribe will set an important precedent as to how other Indigenous people are treated.


An interpretive strategy, based on current infant research, is described that facilitates engagement with emotionally constricted patients who appear to form little attachment to their analysts. Relevant research is reviewed and clinical material is presented to illustrate the presence of highly restrictive early modes of self‐ and mutual regulation organized in childhood and minimally transformed through later experience. These nonverbal presymbolic forms of relating constitute adult versions of the early interaction structures that protected the infant from trauma and continue to be used by patients to avoid retraumatization. How these configurations appear in the transference and can be reorganized in the analytic relationship is also detailed.


Abstract This paper gives several monotonicity properties of all oscillatory solutions of equations with separable and nonseparable nonlinearities which are more general than the Emden- Fowler equations * Principally, if x(t) is an oscillatory solution, conditions are given such that; if a(t)↑ ∞ as t → ∞, then x(t) → 0; and, if a(t) ↓ 0 as t → ∞, then lim sup | x(t) | = ∞.


With its fund of books and documents Gazi Husrev-beys library has been active educationally and culturally for 450 years, not only in Sarajevo and B&H but far beyond them.It was founded as a medresa library (943 H = 1537 A. D.). It developed its activity with readers out of school even in the XVII century and became an independent public vakuf library. In its developement the library passed through two phases. The first one is oriental-islamic and the second the post Ottoman phase (from 1873.) characterized by the influence of the western culture and writing at the expense of oriental-islamic.The basic fund of this library was in the past centuries damaged by wars, fire and carelessness, but it was supplemented by other collections of other vakufs or private collections of the books and transcripts in B&H.
The fund of Gazi Husrev-beys library consists of:I Transcripts and documents1. 7.500 Oriental-islamic transcript codexes with 15.000 works2. Documents 3.9103. Vakufnamas in original and transcript 1.4004. Sidžils of Sheriat Court in Sarajevo (XVI till XIX c. 86)5. Levhas & Epitaphs 506. Oriental printed books 11.500 works7. Oriental periodicals (journals and papers) 60 unites
II European fund1. Printed books (home and foreign) 21.6402. Periodicals (home and foreign) 1.000 unitesThe present day activity of the library is directed to:1. Study of existed transcripts and documents, as well as collecting of oriental-islamic transcripts in B&H.2. Permanent contatcts with readers, visitors and researchers.The library issues catalogues, anniversaries and special editions from the cultural heritage of Moslem of B&H.The library has difficulties such as: Schortage of adequate rooms, technical devices for the microfilming of transcripts and their protection, and providing for the needs of the staff.


This study explored employees behavior flexibility, status, and independence value as vital factors of employee creativity. Based on the theory of interaction creativity, we theorize the core factors, synergistic effects, and substitution effects of employee creativity. This paper adopted a qualitative approach using a self-administrated survey to collect data. Data were collected from 380 Chinese employees via an online and offline survey. The results contribute to creativity literature and expand the study on employee's creativity performance. Moreover, it opens the black box of employee creativity from a new insight by exploring the effects of human resource flexibility and work values. The paper suggests that to obtain innovation and organizational sustainability, companies should not only advocate human resource flexibility management but also combine the work values of employees.


Negative sampling, which samples negative triplets from non-observed ones in knowledge graph (KG), is an essential step in KG embedding. Recently, generative adversarial network (GAN), has been introduced in negative sampling. By sampling negative triplets with large gradients, these methods avoid the problem of vanishing gradient and thus obtain better performance. However, they make the original model more complex and harder to train. In this paper, motivated by the observation that negative triplets with large gradients are important but rare, we propose to directly keep track of them with the cache. In this way, our method acts as a "distilled" version of previous GAN-based methods, which does not waste training time on additional parameters to fit the full distribution of negative triplets. However, how to sample from and update the cache are two critical questions. We propose to solve these issues by automated machine learning techniques. The automated version also covers GAN-based methods as special cases. Theoretical explanation of NSCaching is also provided, justifying the superior over fixed sampling scheme. Besides, we further extend NSCaching with skip-gram model for graph embedding. Finally, extensive experiments show that our method can gain significant improvements on various Yongqi Zhang 4Paradigm Inc. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Quanming Yao Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University and 4Paradigm Inc. E-mail: email@example.com Lei Chen Hong Kong University of Science and Technology E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Code: https://github.com/AutoML-4Paradigm/


Artificial illumination technique has been applied to a qualitative interpretation of a region of the aeromagnetic survey of Spanish mainland. The investigated region corresponds to a 295 x 190 km rectangle oriented N54.5'-'E which includes the Spanish segment of the Plasencia Dike. Four magnetic structures has been recognized and tentatively correlated to geological structures. The main lineament (L1) exhibit a N50E mean trend which has been associated with the Plasencia Dike. The magnetic anomaly produced by this structure presents a continuous character, although it shows lower intensity w here the dike is not outcroping. The s e c o n d ob serv ed m agnetic lineam ent (L2) presents a N S orientation, matching on surface with the Herradon fault and with La Canada metamorphic outcrop. A third group of magnetic lineaments exhibits a E-W direction (R). These anomalies could correspond to vertical shear zones described in literature. The latest anomalies are cutand displaced by NE-SW trending structures (F) which could be correlated to the NNE-SSW Alba-Villoria fault and to the ENE-WSW Salamanca fault system


Magnitudes and patterns in the deposition of chlorophyll (Chl), organic carbon, particulate phosphorus (PP), and suspended solids are documented for seven New York reservoirs based on analyses of m...


Copyright: 2019 Wiley Online Library. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract version of the full-text item. For access to the full-text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Macromolecular Symposia, vol 384(1), pp. 1-10


Understanding risk factors for physical aggression among recently separated combat veterans is important for prevention. We examined longitudinal and concurrent risk factors in the year following military separation. A total of 474 Marines completed questionnaires prior to separation and again in the first year of civilian life. In multivariate analyses, younger age, greater combat exposure, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression symptoms were associated with increased risk of physical aggression after separation. Problem alcohol use was a significant risk factor concurrently but not longitudinally. This study underscores the need to examine multiple time points and risk factors.


The definition of composition like a vector whose components are subject to the restriction of constant sum is revised from a mathematical point of view. Starting from the definition of an equivalence's relation on the positive orthant of the multidimensional real space IR , the compositions become equivalence classes of elements of IR , and the set of them —i.e., the corresponding quotient set— the compositional space . In this way, the simplex becomes one, among many, of the possible representations of this quotient space. The logarithmic transformation defines a one-to-one transformation between and a suitable vector quotient space defined on the multidimensional real space. This transformation allows to transfer the Euclidean structure easily defined on to the compositional space. It is showed that, from a mathematical point of view, the methodology introduced by Aitchison is fully compatible with the nature of compositional data, and is independent of the representation used to manage the compositional data.


Hot-carrier degradation effects are investigated in AlGaAs/GaAs HFETs by coupling measurements and two-dimensional device simulations. It is shown that only a simultaneous, localised increase of defects at the gate-drain recess surface and channel-buffer interface can thoroughly account for the observed post-stress device behaviour in terms of drain saturation current decrease, reverse gate current increase, gate-lag enhancement.


Abstract : The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form. (Author)


De novo creation of protein coding genes involves the formation of short ORFs from noncoding regions; some of these ORFs might then become fixed in the populationThese orphan proteins need to, at the bare minimum, not cause serious harm to the organism, meaning that they should for instance not aggregate. Therefore, although the creation of short ORFs could be truly random, the fixation should be subjected to some selective pressure. The selective forces acting on orphan proteins have been elusive, and contradictory results have been reported. In Drosophila young proteins are more disordered than ancient ones, while the opposite trend is present in yeast. To the best of our knowledge no valid explanation for this difference has been proposed. To solve this riddle we studied structural properties and age of proteins in 187 eukaryotic organisms. We find that, with the exception of length, there are only small differences in the properties between proteins of different ages. However, when we take the GC content into account we noted that it could explain the opposite trends observed for orphans in yeast (low GC) and Drosophila (high GC). GC content is correlated with codons coding for disorder promoting amino acids. This leads us to propose that intrinsic disorder is not a strong determining factor for fixation of orphan proteins. Instead these proteins largely resemble random proteins given a particular GC level. During evolution the properties of a protein change faster than the GC level causing the relationship between disorder and GC to gradually weaken. Author Summary We show that the GC content of a genome is of great importance for the properties of an orphan protein. GC content affects the frequency of the codons and this affects the probability for each amino acid to be included in a de novo created protein. The codons encoding for Ala, Pro and Gly contain 80% GC, while codons for Lys, Phe, Asn, Tyr and Ile contain 20% or less. The three high GC amino acids are all disorder promoting, while Phe, Tyr and Ile are order promoting. Therefore, random protein sequences at a high GC will be more disordered than the ones created at a low GC. The structural properties of the youngest proteins match to a large degree the properties of random proteins when the GC content is taken into account. In contrast, structural properties of ancient proteins only show a weak correlation with GC content. This suggests that even after fixation in the population, proteins largely resemble random proteins given a certain GC content. Thereafter, during evolution the correlation between structural properties and GC weakens.


The queuing models of prioritized Optical Burst Switching(pOBS)with and without limited Fiber Delay Lines(FDLs) are established.Based on these queuing models,the performance in a pOBS network is compared,in case of different FDL unit,buffer depth,load intensity and wavelength number.Besides,the relationship among queuing delay,FDL unit and the proportion of all packet classes is investigated.The validation of limited FDL in pOBS is proved.


This study aimed to determine the characteristics, vaccination status, and outcomes of confidence interval (COVID‐19) patients, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the predominant severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant period.


This article describes the development of a World Food System based on protecting the rights of farmers and people working in rural areas. The development of a world food system is a necessity for countries in the world. The state is obliged to protect the rights of farmers and people working in rural areas by the principles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasant and Other People Working in Rural Areas (undrop). This article illustrates that sustainable food development must be based on the principles of undrop. As one model of sustainable food development, the author recommends the principles that have been carried out by Indonesia in developing sustainable food such as common goals, holistic, inclusive, local and life cycle, interdependence, environmental systems, natural resources, and sustainability. The regulation in Indonesia after the undrop declaration has begun to regulate and protect the rights of farmers.


The differential isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption of carbon tetrachloride vapor on dehydrated sodium and tetramethylammonium-form montmorillonites were determined. The temperature dependence of the adsorption equilibrium parameters shows that the substitution of [(CH 3 ) 4 N] + for Na + causes an increase in the volume of the micropores and in the heat of adsorption. The differential entropy of adsorption of CCl 4 on sodium-form montmorillonite is negative in the entire range of fillings. For the tetramethylammonium-form montmorillonite, this quantity is positive at degrees of filling 0 0.2-0.3, turning negative outside this range.


In this work, different strategies to limit the overloading of the transformer in a distribution system are investigated and the solutions based on installing different number of energy storage systems (ESS) of different size and at different locations are devised. In addition, this paper also proposes a simple and effective sizing and siting algorithm for ESS. The sizes for the proposed number of ESS are calculated and then compared for two different conditions: A) when the photovoltaic (PV) is used at 100% of its daily production and B) when the PV peaks are curtailed. The problem solved in this paper originates from a study of a real distribution network located at the southwest of Zurich in Switzerland where the load and photovoltaic (PV) profiles for one year were used to produce the simulation results. Keywords—active power curtailment, energy storage systems, distribution grids, optimal power flow, self-


Based on three years of research on distributed Engineering groups in a Norwegian
 consultant company, this paper attempts to convey the link between current strategic
 decisions and a possible work situation for an engineer by the year 2002. The focus is on the
 interplay among engineers in a distributed organisation and how this interplay is supported
 by technology. IT strategy is an important aspect. Strategy is discussed in general and an
 extension to the classic strategy terms is proposed. A first level IT strategy for the actual case
 is presented. The conclusions from the scenario is that the most important competitive
 advantage is the ability to develop and offer high quality services that otherwise would have
 been impossible. The single most important enabler is competence. This points in turn to a
 strategy focused on continuously developing new competence among the employees (lifelong
 learning).


The Sn atom in the title compound, [Sn(CH3)(2)(C13H16NS2)(2)], has a highly distorted octahedral geometry that may be best described as skew-trapezoidal planar for thiocarboxylates. The ligands are asymmetrically coordinated to the Sn atom, with shorter Sn-S bond lengths that are very close to the sum of the covalent radii of Sn and S, while the longer Sn-S distances are significantly less than the sum of their van der Waals radii.


Contents: Foreword 1. The Peculiar Economics of Professional Team Sports 2. Sports Product Market 3. Player Labour Market 4. Product and Labour Market Equilibrium 5. Restrictions on Player Mobility 6. Revenue Sharing 7. Salary Caps Answers to Exercises References and Selected Bibliography Index


Every corporation has a policy concerning CSR and produces a report annually detailing its activity. Measurement and Evaluation of performance while giving flexibility for an organization to consider its own socially and environmentally significant factors and plan accordingly without being compared favorably or unfavorable with organizations with different priorities. Globalization affects the economy, business life, society and environment in different ways, and almost all corporations have been affected by these changes. In this paper therefore we will consider aspects of this in the context of the objectives of the firm and its procedures for governance. Governance also is an integral part of this process. So business life needs more regulation and proper and socially responsible behavior than before. In this paper we have shown the relationship between CSR and globalization. We pointed out that the relationship between business failure/ scandals increased after the globalization, and social responsible behavior. In this paper we have also discussed a case study "Limitations of CSR"


La3+/Ce3+-codoped carbonitride phosphors-Y2Si4N6C were synthesized via a carbothermal reduction nitridation route. For the Ce3+-doped Y2Si4N6C phosphors, the emission spectrum exhibited a broad band at around 538 nm due to the f–d transition of Ce3+ ions. When La3+ ions were incorporated into the host, the emitting colors of (Y, La)2Si4N6C: Ce3+ phosphors varied from a yellowish green to blue region. The great blue shift in emission bands was due to the variation in the crystal-field strength around the activators. In addition, (Y, La)2Si4N6C:Ce3+ phosphors exhibited high thermal stability, indicating the superior suitability in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.


Knowing the soil temperature of a particular place is important to understand the processes that occur in the environment and thus support agricultural crops, since the temperature is a parameter restrictive to the germination and development of some plants. To know about soil heat transfer, in the 0.00 to 0.50 m depth layers, the finite difference method was used to create a computational model, aiming to discover the variation of the temperature in these different layers of soil. To validate the proposed model, the mean square error was used to compare the data obtained with the field data. The application of the finite difference method to the heat transfer equation yielded satisfactory results for soil heat flux in Pernambuco, with values very similar to those measured in loco. Thus, the evaluated soil can be characterized as having high thermal diffusivity. The use of Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 7, p. 49095-49104 jul. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 49096 the model created from the implicit discretization of the finite difference method facilitates the realization of future studies to estimate the heat flux in larger depths, without the aid of data collection in deeper layers of the soil.


Introduction: It is not determined whether the continuous use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is reasonable for patients with activating EGFR mutations, who have progressed with the drug. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 2002 to 2010 of consecutive patients who had advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations and showed radiological disease progression after EGFR-TKI treatment as the first-line or second-line setting. We classified them into two groups: continuous EGFR-TKI and switching to chemotherapy, and compared the clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis for survival was performed including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0–1/ 2–4), brain metastasis, EGFR mutations (deletions in exon 19 versus L858R), continuous EGFR-TKI (yes/no), and initiation of EGFR-TKI (first versus second). Results: A total of 551 NSCLC patients were screened for EGFR mutations in the period, and 186 patients had activating EGFR mutations. To explore the potential use of EGFR-TKI beyond progressive disease (PD), 64 patients were selected and analyzed. There were 13 men and 51 women, and median age was 65.5 years (range, 42–86). Among them, 31 patients had deletions in exon 19, and 33 had point mutation of L858R in exon 21. Thirty-nine patients were continuing EGFR-TKI beyond PD; 25 patients were switched to cytotoxic chemotherapy alone. The median overall survival was 32.2 months in the patients continuing EGFR-TKI, and 23.0 months in the patients switching to chemotherapy, presenting a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.005). Cox analysis showed that continuous EGFR-TKI after PD (hazards ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.83, p = 0.013) was associated with improved survival. Conclusion: Continuous use of EGFR-TKI beyond PD may prolong overall survival compared with switching to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with activating EGFR mutations. A prospective study will be needed to confirm our results.


An azadibenzoporphyrin (13,17-diethyl-12,18-dimethyl-5-azadibenzo[b,g]porphyrin, 6) is prepared by a 2 × 2 synthesis from a 1-bromobenzopyrromethene precursor by treatment with sodium azide at 140 °C in solvent. Yields depend on solvent, 35% being obtained in quinoline and 84% in DMF. Treatment of 1-bromo-8-ethyl-7,9-dimethylbenzopyrromethene hydrobromide with sodium azide at 60 °C in DMF gives the fused tetrazolo system 8 (8-ethyl-7,9-dimethyltetrazolo[1,5-i]benzopyrromethene) (X-ray structure), which appears to be, or to lead to, an intermediate in the macrocyclization at the higher temperature.


A review of the literature concerning age at puberty around the world is presented. The author notes that child marriages often preceded puberty and did not involve sexual relations. The concept of adolescent sterility is associated with such customs. It is concluded that in many populations a fertile age of 14 in boys and 12 in girls is possible. (summary in ENG) (ANNOTATION)


Nowadays, modern agriculture has benefited from Precision Agriculture (PA) through incorporation of technological advances like the use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems), RS (Remote Sensing), GPS (Global Positioning System) and advanced information processing. Based on the GIS, RS and GPS, a study was conducted to develop a cropland map using GIS and remotely sensed unsupervised algorithm for suitability analysis of paddy harvester. The research was carried out at four selected locations such as Kulbaria-Baratia, Mundopasha, Charwapda, and Holdibaria villages of Dumuria, Wazirpur, Subarnachar and Kalapara upazilas of Khulna, Barishal, Noakhali Patuakhali districts, respectively in the southern Bangladesh. The satellite images for GIS mapping were captured at vegetation stage of Boro-2018 and Aman-2018 during March-April and October-November. Technical performances of reaper and combine harvester were used to determine the required number harvester based on the estimated cultivated area found through GIS maps. The calculated required number of a) reaper, b) mini combine and c) medium combine to cover the estimated paddy area are a) 17 and 16, 1 and 5, 38 and 127, 6 and 21, b) 35 and 32, 3 and 10, 76 and 254, 13 and, 42 and c) 10 and 9, 1 and 3, 21 and 72, 4, and 12 during Boro and Aman seasons at Kulbaria-Baratia, Mundopasha, Charwabda and Holdibaria of Dumuria, Wazirpur, Subarnachar and Kalapara upazilas, respectively. The estimated results revealed that GIS tools and remote sensing are helping in simplification and visualization by incorporating data sets which can supports decision making for the implementation of paddy harvesting technologies in order to ensure the proper agricultural mechanization. Based on the accuracy assessment, GIS tool is found very useful to assess area to be harvested mechanically with specific type and number of harvester. It can be considered for formulating mechanized harvesting policy through further research in other areas.


This article discusses the measurement system used at Cacaxtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico. It addresses the ideological concepts this system may have expressed, its relationship to other systems used in Mesoamerica, and its implications for evaluating the hypothesis of a Maya presence at Cacaxtla during the Epiclassic. Measurements used at Cacaxtla combine the practical needs of builders with symbolic expression reflected in architecture. Two moduli served as the basis for the dimensioning: the unit of .488 m and its triple, 1.465 m. This measurement was in turn multiplied by 3,4,9, and 12 to obtain the lengths of the main spaces, which served as the basis for the dimensioning system used during different phases of construction. In specific places, three anthropometric measures were used. Additionally, the spatial distribution of pillars according to their sizes confirms the coexistence of two zones within the site that express a duality also present in mural paintings. The moduli and units used at Cacaxtla agree to a considerable degree with those identified for the Maya area and, in some cases, with Teotihuacan and the Nahua culture. I hypothesize that this system was shared by several Mesoamerican cultures and lasted from the Classic to the Postclassic periods.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the most recent literature concerning document supply and related matters.Design/methodology/approach – The reading of over 140 published works, including journals, monographs, reports and web sites.Findings – Finds that usage statistics are still not giving a clear indication of the importance of document supply, but it is confirmed that the large proportion of demand comes from a small number of titles. Open access continues to be top news, in particular the mass digitisation of books. Quite a lot on document supply – Kuwait, USA, Germany, Norway, UK and South Africa.Originality/value – Provides a useful source of information for librarians and others interested in document supply and related matters.