Although great effort has been put into preventing bile duct injury (BDI), it still occurs. Further analysis of anatomical landmarks to prevent BDI would add great value to the body of literature. A 45-year-old woman sustained a BDI from an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The surgeon observed bile leakage after dividing the two cystic structures distally and proximally. The patient was referred to the hepatobiliary centre for immediate repair according to the proposed algorithm for management of BDI. A photographic analysis of this classical BDI revealed that misidentification was the cause of the injury, which was consistent with the Delphi consensus. Surgeons tend to interpret their visual information in terms of what they 'want' to see, and our desires can alter what we see by influencing the way we process visual information. Therefore, when surgeons are looking for the cystic duct, there is a high chance of misinterpreting the bile duct as the cystic duct (i.e., perceptual bias), which results in inadvertent injury (response bias). A direct bile duct landmark will increase awareness and reduce, if not eliminate, the occurrence of BDI. This report aimed to analyse and introduce a new anatomical landmark to prevent BDI. Although the surgery is performed in a three-dimensional field, the current landmarks are mostly referenced in one or two dimensions. The three documented landmarks are shown in Figure 1. The R4U line creates two planes (ventral-dorsal and cranial-caudal) and divides the area into twodimensional images of four zones. The diagonal line is a onedimensional vectoral landmark indicating an area of safe dissection. These two landmarks designate a safe area excluding the extrahepatic bile duct and are presumed to be the 'indirect bile duct landmarks'. The only documented 'direct bile duct landmark' used the B-SAFE landmarks composed of direct visualization of the bile duct and orientation by the surrounding anatomic landmarks. The former is virtually safe, but only 30–68% of patients had positive identification, although laparoscopic ultrasound identified the bile duct in 92– 100%. A theoretical direct anatomical landmark of the bile duct is along the lateral edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) up to the cystic-hilar plate junction, namely the 'critical line of safety (CLS)' (Fig. 2). The CLS creates a new caudocranial line to complete the three-dimensional landmark; thus it might be a useful anatomical landmark to prevent BDI (Fig. S1). The CLS is defined as a direct bile duct landmark along the right lateral edge of the HDL from the upper border of the duodenum up to the cystic-hilar plate junction. Dissection or resection beyond this line into the medial compartment is a critical error that causes injury (Fig. 2, Video S1). The dissection or resection area should be lateral to the CLS to perform a safe cholecystectomy. We encourage the use of the critical view of safety along with the CLS, since all injuries occur in the medial compartment beyond this line. Although one would argue that in a normal LC, dissection inside the HDL is not done, our experience was contrary to that argument (Fig. 3a). Indeed, HDL can be used as a landmark to prevent further vascular injury during complex BDI repair. According to the proposed three-step conceptual roadmap to avoid BDI in LC by Strasburg SM, the CLS would add to when and under what conditions an inflection point should be reached. In a dangerous condition, the 'inflection point' is described as the point at which a decision is made to cease doing a laparoscopic total cholecystectomy and instead complete the procedure using a different approach. When resection of a structure medial to the CLS is needed to complete total cholecystectomy, the inflection point is reached, and the operation should be completed by the bail-out procedure (Fig. 3b). Moreover, the CLS fulfils an ideal anatomic landmark for the prevention of BDI because it is easy to find, enables Fig 1. Anatomical landmarks to prevent bile duct injury. The mnemonic B-SAFE is used to landmark the bile duct using the surrounding organs for orientation (B, bile duct; S, Rouviere's sulcus; A, hepatic artery; F, umbilical fissure; and E, enteric or duodenum), the diagonal line (D-line) is a vectoral landmark that connects the left ventral corners and right dorsal of segment 4. The R4U line is a line from the upper edge of Rouviere's sulcus (triangle white-dot line) across segment 4 to the umbilical fissure. The black-dot line represents the HDL edge and the red dot represents the cystic-hilar plate junction, which is the same point of the D-line vector and right duct origin. The caudo-cranial line along the lateral edge of the HDL starting from the duodenum up to the cystic-hilar plate junction is the 'critical line of safety (CLS)', which is the theoretical direct bile duct landmark.


Passport photograph of Ettie Rout, 1918. Photographer unidentified.
Inscriptions: Verso - This was snap taken for passport last month E A Rout 10/3/1918
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print 8.8 x 6.2 cm
Transfers: From Manuscripts & Archives - MS-Papers-1240-4; Henderson, James Herbert, 1918- , Papers. Papers re Bertholde Collin, F Gay, Albert Kirby and Ettie Rout.


A property of the Marchenko-Pastur measure related to total positivity is presented. The theoretical results are applied to the accurate computation of the roots of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials, an important issue in the construction of Gaussian quadrature formulas.


Universities are increasingly cognizant of the importance of attending to the psychological and emotional needs of undergraduate learners, recognizing that anxiety and depression have significant negative impacts on student retention and success. The focus of the current study was to evaluate the connections among various forms of anxiety and examine the relationships these indicators of anxiety have with depression. The results demonstrated that a broad measure of neuroticism was a meaningful predictor for depression. However, precision in detecting depressive symptoms was improved when examining an additional measure specifically focused on academic anxiety. The results provide support for a nested model of anxiety, which suggests that broad neuroticism, then academic anxiety, and finally test anxiety are progressively more specific manifestations of anxious indicators in university students.


Under the name Muonionalusta A. G. Högbom described in 1910 an iron meteo rite, which had been found in the most northern part of Sweden. Since then two similar meteorites have been discovered in this area and still another had probably been found in the latter part of the last century but can no longer be traced. It appe ars desirable to place on record the known details of these finds, together with a description of their external appearance. Such a summary is especially called for, since the chance of discovering more pieces is good.


Reagents Needed: single worm lysis buffer (common stock) proteinase K Procedure: 1. Add proteinase K to lysis buffer (90µL lysis buffer + 10µL 10mg/mL proteinase K). 2. Place 3-10µL of lysis buffer in top of 1.5mL Eppendorf tube. 3. Pick single worm into lysis buffer. 4. Spin worm to the bottom of tube by spinning in centrifuge for 15 seconds at 14,000 rpm. 5. Flash freeze the tube in dry ice and ethanol or in liquid nitrogen (poke a hole in the tube's lid if freezing in liquid nitrogen so the tube does not explode). 6. Freeze tube at-80°C for at least 1 hour. 7. Lyse the worm and release the genomic DNA by heating tube to 65°C for 60-90 minutes. 8. Inactivate the proteinase K by heating to 95°C for 15 minutes. 9. Perform PCR (common stock PCR reagents in-20°C stock freezer).-Run reaction for 30-35 cycles.


The water environmental state in the Three_Gorges Reservoir influences sustainable development of economy, society and environment of Three_Gorges Reservoir and Yangtzi River Basin, which is a important indication of whether or not success of the Three_Gorges Water project. At present, water quality of the Three_Gorges Reservoir in general keeps Ⅱ~Ⅲ, and occurs no obviously_deteriorated tendency. But after the Three_Gorges Water project is completed and begins to store water, the situation of water environment will become very rigorous. This paper thoroughly analyses the problems and causes of the water environment in the Three_Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing, points out that the main factors resulting in the water pollution in recent years include the industrial sewage, solid wastes, domestic rubbish and agricultural non_point source pollution, and finally puts forward the countermeasures for protecting of the water environment in the Three_Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing.


The Kids is one of the most beautiful books that I have ever had the pleasure of reading. A far cry from your typical academic read, this book shares very short vignettes from adult children of les...


The subtle, contrasting play that characterized the French capital's adaptation of the tartan occurred in a political, economic, and sociocultural context in which everything had been overturned. In this climate, the mood, words, and deeds of Scotland became both references and reflections. Paris was swept up in Caledoniamania, a democratic phenomenon in the sense that it touched a wide public, which made a magnificent and unique fashion statement out of a local uniqueness that, if rich in color, was at best striking, at worst garish. Quickly adapted to decorate far more than textiles, the tartan and its multiple écossais derivatives reflected the period's taste and aesthetics, and their evolution in many fields, thus playing a role in the history of symbol and color perception in France.


Biometric systems provide one of the best options for implementing security requirements however they are susceptible to some of the threats such as fraudulent attacks. A reliable and efficient solution is required to overcome this risk. Liveness detection is one of the mechanisms that can be applied to protect against these kind of attacks effectively. A software based protection approach is presented to prevent fraudulent access attempts. The proposed solution is software based. It computes different image quality measures extracted from one image. It also proves to be useful in multisensor scenario. An optimum combination of Image Quality Measures will be determined to make the system more efficient without compromising the accuracy.


A study of activity and ultrastructure on the epidermis in the pollen development was made using ultracytochemical localization and transmission electron microscopy techniques.During mononuclear pollen stage,there were a number of ribosomes,rough ER,Golgi bodies and mitochondria with obvious cytochrome oxidase on their cristal membrane in the epidermis cells.Meantime obvious ATPase activity was also observed in the nucleus and nucleolus.Active metabolims in the cytoplasm was taken place in the epidermis cells from mononuclear stage to pollen mature.At binuclear stage,a lot of globular grains from vascular tissue in anther were accumulated in the epidermis.Similar grains were observed in the vascular parenchyma cells.Accumulated amount of the globular grains in the epidermis was opposite to demanded amount of nutrition to pollen.We concluded that the globular in the epidermis cells was the accumulation of rest nutrition from vascular tissue,and that the epidermis cells may have actions of storing nutrition at the late pollen development stage.


In search for better competitiveness, organizations need to identify business processes that improve resource efficiency. To do so, it is necessary to apply methods to evaluate the use of resources used. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the maintenance management of transportation vehicles in an organization by using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. In order to obtain lower maintenance costs, the results suggest the modernization of the fleet and the improvement of the internal capacity of maintenance or, alternatively, the option for leasing contracts.


In order to understand the material basis of wild Mentha asiatica Boris. in Xinjiang, the chemical constituents of essential oil extracted from aerial parts of this plant were studied. A total 52 components were detected and 45 compounds were identified. First of all, the essential oil was separated by silica gel column chromatography, and divided into several parts according to the results of thin layer chromatography. Eight fractions were obtained, and then each fragment was preliminarily screened for antibacterial activity. It was found that all eight fragments had certain antibacterial activity in different level. Then the fractions were subjected to preparative gas chromatography (prep‐GC) for further isolation. Ten compounds were identified by 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR and gas chromatography‐quadrupole time of flight‐Mass spectrometry (GC‐QTOF‐MS). They are sabinene, limonene and β‐caryophyllene, (1R*,3S*,5R*)‐sabinyl acetate, piperitone oxide, rotundifolone, thymol, piperitone, 4‐hydroxypiperiditone, cedrol. After screened by bioautography, 4‐hydroxypiperone and thymol were showed best antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of the two isolated compounds on Candida albicans and their related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that, 4‐hydroxypiperone and thymol significantly reduced ergosterol content on the surface of Candida albicans cell membrane in a dose‐dependent manner. This work has accumulated experience for the development and utilization of Xinjiang characteristic medicinal plant resources and new drug research and development, and provided scientific basis and support for the later research and development of Mentha asiatica Boris.


Introduction Preface The Emperor Speaks Perfect Harmony Emperor Meiji--A Modern Man Hirohito Enters A Voyage of Discovery Violence in Japan Emperor The Rape of Manchuria Against the Emperor's Will The Struggle for Power The First Crisis Four Days that Shook Japan The China War Incident or War? The Strike to the North War! Days of Victory The Juggernaut Stops The Long Week Capitulation A Ray of Hope The Politics of Democracy The Emperor A Dream Come True The Last Year The Heart of Japan The Role of the Emperor Appendix Selected Bibliography Index


Nowadays, mobile networks approach a steady growth in traffic demand. As a result, mobile network providers continuously expand their network infrastructure mainly by installing more base stations. Currently, there is a huge number of base stations serving mobile users all over the world, and this number is expected to double in the coming few years, which leads to a larger wastage of energy during low demand times. Exploiting the possibility of turning off base stations at low demand times is one of the promising approaches for saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions. Here, an early and accurate estimation of the traffic is crucial for managing resources proactively. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a Power Management System that applies a global provisioning policy to base stations for enabling network reconfigurations in terms of power efficiency. This system is based on a Hybrid Traffic Prediction Model that forecasts the workload of base stations by utilizing historic traffic traces. A simulator is implemented to evaluate the proposed management system, which is fed with real data provided by the Open Mobile Network project. The experimental results show the possibility of turning off 49% of the base stations at some times of the day without degrading the QoS.


Heterojunction HgCdTe detector chips are used in military and commercial focal plane array systems. These devices give improved performance because they are built with a wide bandgap semiconductor on top of a narrow bandgap semiconductor. Optimization FPA performance with heterojunction detectors has posed problems because many of the HgCdTe material parameters vary as a function of composition, temperature and doping concentrations. AET, with funding from the US Army Night Vision Labs, has developed a new simulator called IRSIM that automates the HgCdTe device analysis and design. This paper discusses the details of and operation of this simulator.


In the course of a long operation, the ancient steels (especially the puddled ones) show susceptibility to degradation processes. In the paper, the results of metallographic tests (light microscopy, SEM) and mechanical properties tests (hardness measurement, static tensile test) describing the state of structural degradation have been presented in works [2], [3]. The initial results of studies for the puddled steel coming from the Piaskowy bridge and concerning the description of a fatigue crack growth have been also presented. In presented works, the basic quantities describing the fatigue cracking kinetics are determined. The main object of kinetics study of fatigue crack development is the evaluation of a lifetime for the elements with a fatigue crack. The problem seems to be particularly difficult in describing the kinetics of a fatigue crack growth in puddled steel, where the processes of structural degradation play particular role in destruction, what is shown in fig. 1.


Recent studies are lacking in assessing presence of both the antigastric parietal cell (GPC) antibody and concurrent vitamin B12 deficiency in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients in the era of more aggressive disease modifying therapy. We recruited patients to one of three arms: those with RA, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and no known autoimmune disorder (controls). A one-time serum assessment of vitamin B12 level, methylmalonic acid, and antiGPC antibody level was performed. Forty-five subjects enrolled in the RA arm, 36 in the AITD arm, and 44 controls. Levels of antiGPC antibodies were not statistically different. Serum vitamin B12 levels were not statistically different across the three groups. Only 2 subjects were vitamin B12 deficient requiring therapy, none in the RA arm.


Our aim in this paper is to give Trudinger-type inequalities for Riesz potentials of functions in Musielak-Orlicz-Morrey spaces of an integral form over non-doubling metric measure spaces. Our result are new even for the doubling metric measure setting. As a corollary, we give Trudinger-type inequalities on Musielak-Orlicz-Morrey spaces of an integral form in the framework of double phase functions with variable exponents.


Aristotle argued that particular statements about the future were neither true nor false. I reject this claim, arguing that implicit to such a theory is an untenable theory of time. Whilst developing a theory of time was not Aristotle's intent, I believe his view does entail an ontology that is questionable at best. Once we have sorted out an acceptable theory of time, the only reasonable conclusions about all statements is that they are true or false. Th at we do not know whether our statements about the future are true or false is an epistemological problem. Th is claim is aimed at those (not necessarily Aristotle) who wish to adopt Aristotle's view today.


THE CALCULATION OF THE TORSION STRENGTH OF CONVENTIONALLY REINFORCED STRUCTURAL UNITS IS MAINLY CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RAUSCH OR LAMPERT MODELS (SPACE FRAME) OR ACCORDING TO LESSIG (THREE DIMENSIONAL FAILURE SURFACE). BOTH TECHNIQUES LEAD TO THE SAME RESULT. TESTS SHOWED THAT THESE MODELS ARE NOT VALID FOR ALL GRADES OF REINFORCEMENT AND CONCRETE. A CORRECTION FACTOR OF THE THEORETICAL SOLUTION IS DEVELOPED AND A TORSION FORMULA FOR THE CALCULATION OF TORSION FAILURE MOMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER PURE TORSION LOADING IS GIVEN. EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATE THE METHODS.


The dynamics of water molecules in Cu2+ aqueous solutions were investigated by 17O NMR at several temperatures and magnetic fields. A theory is developed for scalar relaxation in the presence of Jahn–Teller inversion of the aquaion and water exchange between the aquaion and the bulk, for a model where the inversion is much faster than the exchange and the scalar coupling is negligible for axially bound water molecules. It is shown that this model is consistent with the experimental results, while the standard expressions, ignoring the influence of the Jahn–Teller inversion, are clearly inconsistent with the observed longitudinal relaxation rates. The inversion process is characterized by τ 298i=(5.1±0.6)×10−12 s and Ei=3.5±1.5 kJ mol−1. The water exchange process is characterized by k298ex=(4.4±0.1)×109 s−1, ΔH‡=11.5±0.3 kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡=−21.8±0.9 J K−1 mol−1.


Abstract Both qualitative and quantitative analyses play a key role in the microstructural characterization of nanobainitic steels focused on their mechanical properties. This research demonstrates various methods of microstructure analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, taking into account these two approaches. The structural constituents have been qualitatively characterized using TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), together with quantitative analysis based on the misorientation angle (EBSD). Besides, quantitative measurement of austenite with both blocky and film-like morphologies has been carried out. Due to the scale of nanostructured bainite, it is also important to control the thickness of bainitic ferrite and film-like austenite; hence, a method for measuring their thickness is presented. Finally, the possibility of measuring the prior-austenite grain size by the EBSD method is also demonstrated and compared with the conventional grain boundary etching method. The presented methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses form a complementary procedure for the microstructural characterization of nanoscale bainitic steels.


The four reaction parameters--pH, reaction temperature, molar ratio (R) of water to surfactant, and Aerosol-OT concentration--have significant linear, quadratic, and interactive effects on the initial rate and the degree of hydrolysis for lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) in Aerosol-OT/iso-octane reverse micellar media. Reaction temperature and pH had the most significant influence on the rate and the degree of hydrolysis, whereas Aerosol-OT concentration had the least influence on those parameters. The initial rate was most influenced by the interactive effect of pH with all other variables, whereas the degree of hydrolysis was the most influenced by the interactive effect of reaction temperature with other variables. Lowerlevel variable combinations were favorable over higher-level variable combinations to TAG hydrolysis in reverse micellar media. Regression models, developed for the initial rate and the degree of hydrolysis as a function of reaction variables, accounted for up to 96% of the variation in the two responses. The optimum reaction condition ranges were determined based on maximization of both the rate and the *Author to whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 1 0 9 Vol. 59, 1996 110 Patel, Nagarajan, and Kilara degree of hydrolysis. The differences in the physicochemical characteristics of substrates had no significant effect on the optimum condition ranges. However, the noticeable differences were observed for these ranges between the systems with Rhizopus javanicus and Candida cylindracea lipases. Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of TAG in AerosolOT/iso-octane reverse micellar media was optimum at about 22~ 140 mM Aerosol-OT concentration, pH 6.8, and R value of 14. Index Entries: Triacylglycerols; hydrolysis; reaction parameters; reverse micellar media.


Abstract A description is given of a simple mechanism which was developed to simulate a system of variable-stiffness elastic base supports for a coupled shear wall structure. A system of cantilevers was used to enable both vertical and rotational base flexibilities to be provided, the two being independently variable over the required range of relative stilesses. An example is given of the use of the system in a model investigation of a three-dimensional shear wall structure.


Don't the months fly by. Since the last issue of Nurse Prescribing there has been a general election and the appointment of a new Secretary of State for Health. This means that we can get on with business rather than speculating about which party would be in and what would happen to health services.


Beta induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) can be an important candidate for ion loss in burning plasmas. Elongation effect on BAE has been investigated by the gyrokinetic eigenvalue code DAEPS in this work. We construct a shaped equilibrium model by modifying local s − α model with which the capability of the DAEPS code has been extended to study the elongation effect. It is discovered that the BAE growth rate first increases with elongation factor κ, reaches a maximum and then decreases. This trend occurs for many different values of η i. We find that, in the weak or moderate elongation region, the BAE instability is reactive type and mainly determined by the fluid/MHD effects, namely the combination of stabilizing field line bending term and destabilizing interchange drive in the vorticity equation. However, in the strong elongation region, the BAE instability becomes dissipative and is mainly driven by the wave–particle resonance effect embedded in δW k since the fluid driving damps away. It is also discovered that the wave–particle resonance decreases with elongation in this region, which is due to the decrease of the geodesic curvature with elongation and leads to the decrease in the growth rate of BAE.


Efficacy evaluation for acne clinical trials is usually based on analysis of: (1) change (or relative change) in lesion counts from baseline and (2) the investigator global evaluation (IGE) at the final study endpoint, usually dichotomized to treatment success or failure. As lesion counts provide a quantitative assessment of the subject's acne condition and the IGE reflects the dermatologist's visual evaluation of the same condition, one would expect the two evaluations to be related. In this article we investigate the relationship between the two assessments by fitting logistic regression models to three data sets with different features. The results of the analysis show that final lesion counts explain very well the variability in the IGE treatment success. However, changes in lesion counts per se do not fully explain the variability in IGE treatment success, as baseline lesion counts are still a significant covariate in the model. Finally, inflammatory lesions consistently have a much greater impact than noninflammatory lesions on explaining the variability in the IGE treatment success. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of having an initial estimate of treatment effect before embarking on phase 3 trials. Such an estimate would be very useful in guiding the decision on whether to seek a lesion-specific or general acne indication, which, in turn, impacts the sample size required for establishing efficacy.


From the Gray Panthers to the National Alzheimer's Association, what creates the power to bring about a change? As soon as several of the inhabitants of the United States have taken up an opinion or a feeling which they wish to promote in the world, they look out for mutual assistance and, as soon as they have found each other out, they combine. From that moment they are no longer isolated men but a power seen from afar, whose actions serve for an example and whose language is listened to. -Alexis de Tocqueville Advocacy is the reason most nonprofit organizations are created. The desire to bring about a change in a human life or in the lives of a community is most often the driving force for creating an organization in the first place. Individuals can and do advocate, but organizations can do it better. They are able to muster resources and focus energy toward a goal, thereby increasing the chances of making change and improving lives on a large scale. Organizations, through advocacy, can change entire social systems and even cultures to make life better for one person or millions. For many people outside of Washington, D.C., however, the words advocacy, lobbying, and public policy are viewed as slightly suspect. These refer to mysterious concepts that suggest shady practices, special interest, influence peddling, and back-room deals. Advocacy, from this view, is something done by lobbyists or lawyers to ordinary unsuspecting people. It is about changing the natural order of things. The public, however, expects that nearly everything an organization does will include advocacy in some shape or form. And the more that fact is recognized and appreciated by organization leaders, the more effective an organization will become. A homehealth agency that brokers resources from other agencies is doing advocacy. A daycare center that draws press attention and in turn receives donations and support is doing advocacy for its clients. A national organization advocating for research funding or improvements in healthcare practices is providing a service to its constituents. What is advocacy in organizational life? What does it look like? What role does it play in successful organizations? What are the inherent conflicts surrounding advocacy, and what are the key elements that characterize effective advocacy? These are THe questions I will address here. Most of the observations in this article are based on my own personal experiences as an advocate over the past 30 years in a variety of organizational settings, from the university to Congress to the Gray Panthers to the Alzheimer's Association. Not all organizations approach advocacy in the same way. In fact, I believe that organizations engage in different forms of advocacy in part based on the stage of their organizational development or maturity. But, some elements of organizational advocacy are common across organizations. WHAT IS ADVOCACY IN AN ORGANIZATION? From the Advocacy Institute (2004), a Washington-based organization dedicated to social justice that advises other organizations on how to advocate, comes this concise definition: "Advocacy is pursuit of influencing outcomesincluding public policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions-that directly affect people's lives." 1 The definition goes on to note that advocacy is about moving from "what is" to "what should be" and that it is accomplished by, among other tilings, drawing attention to underlying or "submerged" issues, influencing public attitudes, and changing policies and practices. If we extend this definition, an advocacy organization influences outcomes affecting people's lives by attempting to alter the current policy or practice environment. While most organizations employ advocacy to some extent, some organizations make advocacy a central part of their culture, thereby becoming an "advocacy organization. …


Several types of orchids that are in great demand and cultivated by various groups are Phalaenopsis sp. and Dendrobium sp. Mycorrhizae are needed by orchid plants to complete their life cycle. This is because mycorrhizae are capable of symbiosis with the root system of the host plant so that the plant's capacity to absorb elements will increase. This study aims to determine the extent to which Ceratorhiza induction on Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium discolour orchids can suppress the symptoms of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infection. The method used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor is the type of orchid used, namely Phalaenopsis amabilis (A1) and Dendrobium discolour (A2), while the second factor is the type of administration of mycorrhizae, viruses, and mycorrhizal viruses. Observation of disease symptoms is done by looking at the symptoms that appear on leaves that have been infected with ORSV. The results showed that the symptoms that appeared in Phalaenopsis amabilis were in the form of mosaic, necrosis, leaf malformation, while in Dendrobium discolour were mosaic and necrotic. Ceratorhiza was not able to suppress the symptoms of disease infection because based on the results obtained; the treatment on orchids inoculated with mycorrhizae and viruses showed more severe symptoms compared to the treatment only inoculated with viruses increased response and Dendrobium discolours showed a decreased response in leaf length, width, and number. Meanwhile, in the root organ, Dendrobium discolour showed an increased response and Phalaenopsis amabilis showed a decreased response in root length and number of roots.


This study aimed at investigating whether or not there was any significant effect of SAVI technique upon the reading comprehension achievement of the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Singaraja. On the basis of the purpose of the study, there was a null hypothesis formulated. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling. Two classes: VIII.C3 and VIII.C5 were selected as the samples of study. Class VIII.C3 was selected as the experimental group and VIII.C5 was selected as the control group. Each class consists of 41 students. In this study, the data were obtained by conducting reading comprehension test: normality and homogeneity test, tryout test, and posttest. The obtain data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. From the descriptive analysis, it was found out that the mean score for the group using SAVI technique was 7.78 while the group using Conventional Reading technique was 7.18. It means that SAVI technique was better than Conventional Reading technique. The result of inferential statistic shows that to (2.13) more than tcv (1.98). The null hypothesis which states there is significant effect of students' reading comprehension achievement between the two groups was rejected.


Socio-economic change in Ireland has long been tracked by research at the Economic and Social Research Institute, and from time to time, has been punctuated by volumes from the ESRI that seek to review the evidence on the character of that transformation. Best of Times? provides an assessment of the social impact of the Celtic Tiger years, drawing on the research of ESRI authors along with a number of colleagues from other institutions. Such a significant review of the recent changes in Irish economy and society seemed to the editors to merit extended discussion here in The Economic and Social Review. Reviewers were chosen to provide a mix of disciplinary backgrounds, of Irish and international institutional affiliations, and of broad perspectives on the social transformations and consequences of the Celtic Tiger boom. Best of Times? has been re-published in recent months as Fahey, T., H. Russell and C. T. Whelan (eds.), 2008. Quality of Life in Ireland: Social Impact of Economic Boom, Springer.


In special cases the critical load can be determined from an algebraic equation of the second degree in simple algebraic terms. The results are applied to analyze discrete and continuous structures, including analysis of the flexural wrinkling of sandwich panels


The Eastern enlargement of the European Union and the requirements of the European Monetary Union call for increased flexibility of labour markets in both the current EU members and candidate countries. If labour markets and institutions are rigid in the monetary union, market disequilibrium is likely to grow. The present paper aims to give a macroeconomic overview of the Baltic States' labour market in the period 1995?2001, laying emphasis on the issues of labour market flexibility and labour migration in the context of EU eastward enlargement. The Baltic States comprise a particular regional cluster and an interesting case for making generalizations about the processes of transition and EU eastward enlargement, and developing a new field of economics - the economics of transition and integration. In real terms, one has to admit, the influence of the Baltic economies on the EU eastward enlargement processes can hardly be significant, as the very small size of the Baltic markets bears no comparison with either the markets of the current EU member states (EU15) or the other candidate countries (CC). The Baltic States have dutifully observed the main international standards regulating labour relations in accordance with the EU rules. Comparing the Baltic States' labour market with those of EU15 and the other candidate countries, one comes to the conclusion that the Baltic States' labour markets are flexible. The most flexible among them is the Estonian labour market followed by that of Latvia. However, predictably, after joining the EU, the labour markets of the new members may become more rigid due to the increasing influence on them of institutions and trade unions, and due to more generous funding of labour market policies. Moreover, a decline of wage flexibility can be predicted. Free movement of labour as a natural consequence of EU enlargement will also exert pressure on the Baltic labour markets due to the possible migration of better-qualified and flexible labour force, and cross-border movement of labour within the Baltic Sea Region countries. Coupled with ageing of the population, it may increase shortage of skilled labour. Consequently, if labour mobility increases and labour market flexibility declines remarkably during the enlargement processes, market disequilibrium is likely to grow in the Baltic States as well.


At the dawn of a fully connected world with many different devices, benefiting from the whole richness of IoT services still represents a complex task for end-users. To lessen such a burden, we propose and demonstrate a solution that combines an SDN-based IoT-network platform and a service recommendation assistant. This association allows the discovery and the deployment of IoT services involving multiple connected objects spanning different people and smart environments in a friendly, trustworthy and secured way.


Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer in post-menopause and is associated with late-stage disease and poor prognosis.High endogenous estrogen level promotes the devel- opment.The adipocytokines are biologically active polypeptides that are produced by the adipo- cytes.Recent researches find that adipocytokines are associated with the proliferation,invasion,metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer.So adipocytokines might explain the association between obesity and breast cancer.


A New Butenolide from Conyza bonariensis

Extraction of aerial parts of Conyza bonariensis and chromatographic separation yielded the new butenolide 1, together with the acetylenic compounds trans-lachnophyllum lactone (2) and cis-lachnophyllum methyl ester (3), and the germacrane alcohol 4.


On the basis of traditional FSA(finite state automaton),system objects can be resolved from the parameters of system call,and a Software Behavior model based on system object(SBO) is presented.This model defines the software state as all states of system objects,which are owned by the software,and then each state in the model has been assigned semantic information.Therefore,SBO can solve a problem of irrelevant semantics between different traces using the semantic information,and it can detect data semantic attacks,which directly or indirectly modifies system call parameters.Finally,a software anomaly intrusion detection prototype system based on SBO(SBOIDS) is implemented.The experimental and analysis results show that SBO can effectively detect data semantic attack and control the flow-based and mimicry attacks.


Through analyzing the current situation of CAI in our institute and causes from which this situation derived, in this paper, presents developing direction and problems, need to be solved, of CAI in our institute. And based on it, studies and develops a system to create common digitalized teaching plans.


Is there any relation between Jainism and Mathematics? The answer is yes. There is a well-developed school of Mathematics known as Jaina School of Mathematics . One question raised by many people is 'What is Jaina School of Mathematics'? Jaina School of Mathematics does not mean any new Mathematics.  It embodies  the Mathematics found in Jaina Canonical literature or the mathematical literature produced by Jaina Scholars or Acaryas.


Insect biomass could be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Malaysia. In this study, the viability of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and weevil (Rhynchophorus sp.) larvae for biodiesel production were evaluated. Black soldier fly (BSF) and weevil larvae were found to contain about 32% and 44% of lipid content in dry weight basis by using petroleum ether solvent extraction. After esterification and trans-esterification, BSF and weevil larvae derived biodiesel were detected to contain 84% and 88% of FAME correspondingly. The GC analysis showed that BSF derived biodiesel contained approximately 55% of C12:0, 12% of C14:0, 6% of C16:0 and 4% of C18:1 with low percentage of C10:0, C16:1, and C18:2. Meanwhile, weevil derived biodiesel showed around 40% of C16:0 and C18:1, 3% of C16:1 and C18:0, and low content of C14:0, C18:2, and C18:3. The FAME produced from BSF and weevil larvae were equivalent to the FAME derived from coconut and palm oil. Thus, replacement of edible plant seed oil by insect biomass in biodiesel production is achievable to avoid the concerns on food against fuel in Malaysia.Insect biomass could be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Malaysia. In this study, the viability of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and weevil (Rhynchophorus sp.) larvae for biodiesel production were evaluated. Black soldier fly (BSF) and weevil larvae were found to contain about 32% and 44% of lipid content in dry weight basis by using petroleum ether solvent extraction. After esterification and trans-esterification, BSF and weevil larvae derived biodiesel were detected to contain 84% and 88% of FAME correspondingly. The GC analysis showed that BSF derived biodiesel contained approximately 55% of C12:0, 12% of C14:0, 6% of C16:0 and 4% of C18:1 with low percentage of C10:0, C16:1, and C18:2. Meanwhile, weevil derived biodiesel showed around 40% of C16:0 and C18:1, 3% of C16:1 and C18:0, and low content of C14:0, C18:2, and C18:3. The FAME produced from BSF and weevil larvae were equivalent to the FAME derived from coconut and palm oil. Thus, replacement of edible plant seed oil by i...


Method: The thyroid cytology smears reported at the Department of Pathology Index medical College over a two year period from May 2015 to June 2017 and a prospective thyroid FNAC smears from Sep 2017 to Aug 2019 were studied at the Department of Pathology Index Medical College.
The conventional and Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology were followed for reporting. A comparison of old conventional reporting system and Bethesda system were then analyzed.
Result: In Bethesda System None of the patients in both the group showed Inadequate diagnosis which was seen in the retrospective group using conventional system. Bethesda System has revealed that out of 81 patients with Benign Lesion, 41 (50.6%) were in retrospective group and 40 (49.4%) were in prospective group. Malignant was present in 2 (40%) and 3 (60%) patients in Retrospective and prospective group. Similarly out of 4 patients with Follicular Neoplasm, 3 (75%) and 1 (25%) were in retrospective and prospective group. However the distribution was comparable between both the groups.
Conclusion: Adapting the Bethesda system of reporting has led to a high to sensitivity, specificity and high negative predictive values. Use of Bethesda systems helps in the prognosis, management and minimizes the unnecessary surgical procedures of thyroid swelling.
Keywords: Thyroid, Cytology, Bethesda & Smears.


The characterization of gene-expression profiles in oocytes and embryos is critical to understand the influence of genetic and environmental factors on preimplantation and fetal development. Numerous gene-expression microarray studies using different platforms and species are offering insights into the biological processes extensively represented among the genes exhibiting differential expression. Major advances on understanding the direct relationship between gene expression and developmental competence are being reported. Integration of information across studies using meta-analysis techniques can increase the precision and accuracy to identify expression profiles associated with embryo development. Gene network and pathway analyses are offering insights into gene interactions and expression profiles of embryos. All these advances are cementing the way toward a comparative and systems approach to understanding the complex processes underlying vertebrate development. Reproduction (2008) 135 129–139


Elsewhere I have argued for a materialist epistemology that I call "thing knowledge." This is an epistemology where the things we make bear our knowledge of the world, on a par with the words we speak. It is an epistemology opposed to the notion that the things we make are only instrumental to the articulation and justification of knowledge expressed in words or equations. Our things do this, but they do more. They bear knowledge themselves, and frequently enough the words we speak serve instrumentally in the articulation and justification of knowledge borne by things.


Abstract The following was excerpted by the editor from an address entitled "The Need for Quality Hospice Care" delivered to the National Hospice Organization in Washington, D.C., October 6, 1978, by Robert N. Butler, M.D., director of the National Institute on Aging and author of the Pulitzer prize-winning book Why Survive? Being Old In America, New York: Harper, 1975. Permission by the author.


The interfacial dipole and bulk trap in HKMG stack have been found to be significant to the work function variation (σVWF), in addition to the metal grains. In order to differentiate their effects on σVWF, a new variation plot is proposed and the dipole and trap effects can be distinguished. Here, we propose a simple experimental method to separate the effects of MG/HK and HK/IL interfacial dipoles. In pMOSFET, HK/IL dipoles dominate HK induced variation; MG/HK dipoles are dominant in nMOSFET. However, in terms of the reliability test, after PBTI stress, HK bulk traps play a major role in the variation of nMOSFET, while after NBTI, HK/IL dipoles are strengthened by hydrogen bonds and still dominant in work function variation of pMOSFET. Design guideline is provided to deal with the passivation of high-k traps by nitrogen concentration and the improvement of variability in HKMG CMOS devices.


This is the final report for Grant No. DEFGO2-98ER62691 submitted to the DOE NABR Program. This research has focused on (1) the role of natural organic matter (NOM), quinines, and complexants in enhancing the biological reduction of solid-phase crystalline ferric oxides, (2) the effect of heavy metals (specifically zinc) and NOM on ferric oxide bioreduction, (3) the sorption of Me(II) [Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II)] to ferric oxides and subsequent Me(II)-promoted phase transformations of the ferric oxides, and (4) the development of reaction-based biogeochemical models to numerically simulate our experimental results.


Convection refers to fluid motion that is induced by buoyancy. In thermal convection buoyancy is due to temperature differences and one of the interesting questions is how much of the total heat transfer is due to convection. The natural measure of this quantity is the Nusselt number, N , and many experiments and numerical simulations have been performed to discern the relationship between N and the various parameters which describe the system. Much of this research has focused on the forcing parameter [1] [6], although it has been observed that rotation plays a nontrivial role as well [7]. The standard mathematical description of a convective system in a rotating frame of reference is based on the rotating Boussinesq equations for Rayleigh-Benard convection (see, for example, Chandrasekhar [8]). This is a


Policymakers have explicitly linked sustained reductions in COVID-19 case growth to reopening policies, including the lifting of shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs). This "hardwired" policy endogeneity creates challenges in isolating the causal effect of lifting a statewide SIPO on COVID-19. To overcome simultaneity bias, we exploit a unique natural experiment generated by the Wisconsin Supreme Court when it abolished Wisconsin's "Safer at Home" order on separation-of-powers grounds. We capitalize on this sudden, dramatic, and largely unanticipated termination of a statewide SIPO to estimate its effect on social distancing and COVID-19 case growth. First, using anonymized smartphone data from SafeGraph Inc. and a synthetic control design, we find that SIPO termination had little impact on social distancing. Then, using data on COVID-19 case and mortality rates, we find no evidence that the Wisconsin Supreme Court decision impacted COVID-19 growth up to a month following the repeal. We conclude that the impacts of SIPOs are likely not symmetric across enactment and lifting of orders, and this asymmetry sheds new light on the potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of these orders. Dhaval M. Dave Bentley University Department of Economics 175 Forest Street, AAC 195 Waltham, MA 02452-4705 and IZA and also NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Andrew I. Friedson Department of Economics University of Colorado Denver Lawrence Street Center 460T Campus Box 181 P.O. Box 173364 Denver, CO 80217-3364 email@example.com Kyutaro Matsuzawa Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies San Diego State University San Diego, CA firstname.lastname@example.com Drew McNichols San Diego State University Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 firstname.lastname@example.com Joseph J. Sabia San Diego State University Department of Economics Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 and IZA & ESSPRI firstname.lastname@example.com


The storage capacity of hard disk drives has increased tremendously over the last decade. However, the rate of increase has reached a bottle-neck as the technology approaches a theoretical limit known as the super-paramagnetic limit. Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) has emerged as one of the important technologies to overcome this limit. The process of heating while writing brings about certain unique characteristics when compared to conventional schemes. In this paper, we introduce heatassisted recording, explain the techniques used to numerically model the twodimensional magnetization process in longitudinal HAMR and extend it to perpendicular recording. Utilizing these models, we investigate the transition characteristics that depend, among other factors, on various thermal parameters. In particular, we determine the effects of change in peak temperature and laser spot position on transition length and center.


This paper expounds the importance of the development of the herba ge staving harvester, introduces the studying and designing ideas of the herbage s taving harvester equipped on the middle-sized wheeled tractor and the technical points of its key parts, and makes forecast and analysis of its market developi ng prospect and economic benefit.


When determining the quality of sparkling wines, first of all, we thought to focus on the assessment of processes of formation of sparkling and frothy properties, as the process of cavitation reveals the relationship with the chemical components, which affects organoleptic indicators. The effect of expeditionary liquor on frothy properties was investigated and it was found that expeditionary liquor directly affects the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. The control samples were made according to the classical technology of sparkling wine production, including "prise de mousse", due to which the carbon dioxide molecules were promoted and dissolved, increasing the degree of diffusion in the liquid. Such a sparkling wine is characterized by a fine foam and a highpressure index. Foam formation is associated with proteins, as they exhibit the ability to adsorb and unfold at the gas-liquid interface, and foam stability is provided by amino acids due to strong bonds that increase wine viscosity. When expeditionary liqueur was added, the pressure dropped from 7 atmospheres to 4 atmospheres, which allowed the sparkling wine to calm down and stabilize bubble formation, and this is the result of the subtle interaction between dissolved carbon dioxide molecules and tensioactive wine components.


This anthology is an exciting and vibrant contribution to the ongoing debate about international human rights. Drawn largely from materials published in the Fifteenth Anniversary issue of "Society "magazine, but incorporating outside essays as well, the editor has assembled a collection of articles written by noted scholars and policymakers. The articles approach the theme of human rights from a variety of perspectives, including the United Nations and nongovernmental organizations, children's rights, media coverage of human rights conflicts, and the interplay between human rights and world resources. Specific essays focus on Soviet Jewish emigration, foreign nationals and American law, and terrorism. General pieces discuss the nature and prospects of human rights in a changing international context. "Contributors: "Elise Boulding, Adda B. Bozeman, Tom J. Farer, A. Belden Fields, Irving Louis Horowitz, James Frederick Green, Chalmers Johnson, Henry A. Kissinger, William Korey, Diane Edwards LaVoy, A. Glenn Mower, Jr., John Crothers Pollock, Alejandro Portes, Marcus G. Raskin, David Riesman, James Lee Robinson, Jr., Abdul Aziz Said, Harry M. Scoble, Laurie S. Wiseberg.


Introduction The NOx storage and reduction technology (NSR), is a promising method to reduce NOx in lean exhausts from diesel and lean burn gasoline engines [1,2,4]. The catalyst operates in a cyclic manner; NOx is stored in the catalyst under lean periods (oxygen excess) and under the subsequent fuel rich periods NOx is released and reduced. A detailed kinetic model of NOx storage and reduction, in the presence of H2O and CO2, with H2 as the reducing agent was developed and validated in this study [2]. In addition, ammonia formation is included in the modeling of the rich period.


A method for automatically determining the energy requirement and / or the occupancy requirement of an electric filling station, in particular an electric filling station with a plurality of fast charging stations, comprising: - Specifying a first function (SW) indicating the influence of predicted weather data on the number of electric cars to be expected at the electric filling station for electric filling stations or to the expected at the electric filling station charging energy requirement for charging electric cars, and / or - Specifying a second function (ST) indicating the influence of predicted traffic data on the number of electric cars to be expected at the electric filling station for electric filling stations or the charging energy requirement to be expected at the electric charging station for the charging of electric cars, Transmitting a location datum of an electric filling station or a license plate from which the local date of an electric filling station can be determined, Use of the transmitted or determined location data and the first function (SW) and / or the second function (ST) for determining a prediction of the number of electric cars to be expected at the electric filling station or the charging energy requirement to be expected at the electric charging station for the charging of electric cars ,


Just shortly after Davis-Blake and Pfeffer announced that dispositional effects were an illusion; Ashford and Humphrey emphasised that 'research has generally neglected the impact of everyday emotions on organisational life' [1,2]. Interestingly, one year later, House, Shane, and Herold reported that the empirical research base convincingly exposes the ability of dispositional variables to predict organisational-relevant outcomes [3]. Then few years later, Shaw, Duffy, Abdulla, and Singh affirmed that 'dispositions as critical variables in organisational life have garnered considerable attention in the past few years' [4]. All these are clear indication that dispositional variables have followed remarkable trajectory in the research agenda. Although, Shaw et al. [4] claim that the trend of dispositional research has moved away from identifying dispositional components of job attitudes, and toward identifying how dispositions interact with job attitudes and situational factors in the workplace, Shaw et al. cited Weitz who suggested that a clearer picture of job attitudes and behaviours would be evident if individual's disposition was taken into account.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS) have been integrated for a wide range of transportation applications. When a linear datum is not implemented into the applications, a route measure is indirectly determined with snapped GPS-derived coordinates along roadway centerlines. Thus, uncertainties in output information are subject to various types of error and error sources in GPS and roadway centerline maps and their propagation through spatial operations. A method for uncertainty analysis is presented. The method estimates the quality of output information from GPS- and GIS-integrated applications for transportation. The method involves an analytical GPS error model and an error propagation model, assuming that a test roadway centerline map is representative of roadway centerline maps with the same nominal scale. In the case study, the method was applied to a winter maintenance application and a travel time study. The optimum input data set for each application was determined by sensitivity analysis that explored the impact of positional uncertainties on variations of output information computed from distance-based and non-distance-based computation models. Results indicated that the winter maintenance application required accurate input data because uncertainties in output information were accumulated as winter maintenance vehicles repeatedly treated roadways. However, for the travel time study, consistent output information was computed with a minute level of accuracy, so positional uncertainties in input data had a negligible impact on output information.


log log n) learning algorihm for DNF under the uniform distribution. A spectral lower bound technique for the size of decision trees and two level circuits. A hard-core predicate for all one-way functions. In Proc. 21 g such that 8x 2 Z n 2 g(x) = f(x) and the algorithm runs in time polynomial in n, and 2 d. An interesting special case is when the depth of the tree is logarithmic in n. In such a case, the algorithm will run in polynomial time. The characterization of the decision trees can be extended easily to boolean functions of the form f : f0; 1; : : : ; k ? 1g n ! f0; 1g that can be computed by a polynomial-size k-ary decision tree. Namely, a tree in which each inner node v has k outgoing edges. When the computation arrives the node v, labeled by S v 2 f0; 1; : : : ; k ? 1g n , it assigns this node the value P n i=1 S i x i mod k, and the computation continues to the appropriate child of v. For extending the results to such functions and decision trees we have to deene the appropriate characters and modify the proofs accordingly. where w = e 2i k is the root of unity of order k. In this case, a straightforward extension of our proof for k = 2 shows that the sum of the magnitudes of the coeecients is bounded by the number of leaves. Another issue is decision trees with real outputs, where the leaves have real values from the interval 0; M], i.e. f : f0; 1g n ! 0; M]. In a similar way to the boolean case, one can show that any function f that has a real decision tree with m leaves then L 1 (f) mM. In this case the running time of the learning algorithm would be polynomial in M. An open problem related to this work is to nd other classes of functions that can be learned in polynomial-time. In particular, it is very interesting whether functions that can be represented by a polynomial-size DNF formula can be learned in polynomial-time. One possible direction to resolve this open problem is to show that for any polynomial size DNF there is a polynomially sparse function that approximates it in L 2. So far we have …


This article provides primary teachers with assessment tools and curricular examples to expand writers' workshop by adding a multimodal storytelling unit on drama and filmmaking, allowing students to create engaging off-the-page stories through films and play performances that enrich writing. Too often, children's literacy abilities are assessed solely based on what they can write on paper, overlooking the rich ways children convey meaning through multiple communication modes like sound effects, gesture, movement, images, and language in their storytelling. This research recognizes play as an important literacy and argues that a multimodal emphasis in teaching and assessment more closely matches the ways children learn and make meaning in their everyday lives. This study is a part of a larger, ongoing multiyear, multisite study of literacy playshops in early childhood classrooms and teacher education.


Significance Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a quasi-1D periodic membrane skeleton in neurons, which organizes membrane proteins in periodic distributions and provides mechanical stability for axons. Here, we provide detailed quantifications of this periodic structure in neurons and show that it develops substantially more slowly in dendrites than in axons. Moreover, we observed a 2D, polygonal lattice structure of these molecules in the somatodendritic compartment. The diverse structural organizations and different developmental courses of the membrane skeleton in different neuronal compartments suggest the membrane skeleton is differentially regulated across these neuronal compartments. The observation of the polygonal lattice structure in cells in addition to erythrocytes suggests a potentially general presence of this structure across diverse cell types. Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) in neurons. In the MPS, short actin filaments, capped by actin-capping proteins, form ring-like structures that wrap around the circumference of neurites, and these rings are periodically spaced along the neurite by spectrin tetramers, forming a quasi-1D lattice structure. This 1D MPS structure was initially observed in axons and exists extensively in axons, spanning nearly the entire axonal shaft of mature neurons. Such 1D MPS was also observed in dendrites, but the extent to which it exists and how it develops in dendrites remain unclear. It is also unclear whether other structural forms of the membrane skeleton are present in neurons. Here, we investigated the spatial organizations of spectrin, actin, and adducin, an actin-capping protein, in the dendrites and soma of cultured hippocampal neurons at different developmental stages, and compared results with those obtained in axons, using superresolution imaging. We observed that the 1D MPS exists in a substantial fraction of dendritic regions in relatively mature neurons, but this structure develops slower and forms with a lower propensity in dendrites than in axons. In addition, we observed that spectrin, actin, and adducin also form a 2D polygonal lattice structure, resembling the expanded erythrocyte membrane skeleton structure, in the somatodendritic compartment. This 2D lattice structure also develops substantially more slowly in the soma and dendrites than the development of the 1D MPS in axons. These results suggest membrane skeleton structures are differentially regulated across different subcompartments of neurons.


Translation is a process in which a parole in one language is translating into a parole in another language without changing the meaning. Therefore, meaning is the core of translation. However, people always ignore the factors that influence reproduction of the meaning in translation process. The analysis and discussion is made ofthese factors.


The book presents an analysis of the creation and distribution of wealth as well as impacts of alternative ethanol blending levels and indigenisation policies along the emerging Chisumbanje sugarcane bio ethanol value chain in Zimbabwe. A new approach for analysing impacts of large scale land investments which involved value chain governance analysis, supply utilization accounts, modification and customisation of input-output (I-O) modelling and counterfactual analysis was applied. Situated, within the context of global discourse on large-scale land investments, the book presents quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence on how economic agents are organized, how resources and income are distributed and impacts of policies along similar emerging biofuel value chains. It is shown that this emerging value chain is characterized by the pervasiveness of monopolistic tendencies, dominance of powerful private corporates while distribution of benefits is skewed towards the powerful. The author recommends further research work on the nexus between energy (fuel), water scarcity and food security within the context of large-scale land investments


A 52-year-old woman who had undergone operations for cancer of the endometorium, ovary, thyroid and rectum, survived more than 5 years without recurrence or metastasis. She underwent colonoscopic examination in December, 2012. A type 2 tumor was found at the hepatic flexure, and signet ring cell carcinoma was diagnosed by biopsy. Metastatic work-up was negative, and she underwent right-hemicolectomy. Laparotomy revealed a 15 cm mass oral to the terminal ileum, for which ileal resection was performed with a resection margin of 10 cm. The colon tumor demonstrated no cancer cells in the epithelium where signet ring cells diffusely infiltrated the submucosa to the subserosa. The ileal tumor formed mucinous tissue through sequential accumulation in the adenoma and the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Proliferation of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma was identified in the subserosa because both tumors were very similar in immunohistochemical findings. The possibility of diagnosis of metastasis to the ascending colon from the primary ileal cancer was entertained.


A B S T R A C T Self Compacting Concrete is a material used in the construction where it is suitable for placing the concrete in difficult conditions and in structures with congested reinforcement without vibration. In case of unexpected fire, the concrete elements such as beams, columns etc will be subjected to extreme temperatures and need for assessment of their performance after fire. Hence, it is important to understand the change in the concrete strength properties due to extreme temperature exposure. This paper presents an overview of the Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) performance when exposed to elevated temperatures as regards to use of concrete mix materials, Polypropylene fiber, fire characteristics.


Background:Repeated thoracenteses is indicated in patients with refractory, symptomatic transudative effusions. However, their effect on cytokines and fibrinolytic activity in pleural transudates remains unclear. Methods:Twenty-one patients with symptomatic, large amount of free-flowing transudative effusions caused by heart failure were studied. Thoracentesis with drainage of 500 mL of pleural fluid per day was done for 3 consecutive days (days 1 to 3). Pleural fluid characteristics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr;, interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were measured during each tap. Chest ultrasonography was done on day 6 to detect the fibrin strands in pleural effusion and the outcome of effusion was evaluated within 7 days after repeated thoracenteses. Results:Effusion levels of lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophils, TNF-&agr;, IL-1&bgr;, IL-8, VEGF, and PAI-1 increased significantly during repeated thoracenteses. Furthermore, the values of PAI-1 and PAI-1/tPA obtained on days 2 and 3 were highly correlated with those of TNF-&agr;, IL-1&bgr;, IL-8, and VEGF. On day 6, pleural fibrins were observed on chest ultrasonography in 6 patients (29%, fibrinous group) but were absent in the remaining 15 patients (nonfibrinous group). Compared with the nonfibrinous group, the effusion levels of TNF-&agr;, IL-1&bgr;, VEGF, and PAI-1 on day 2 and day 3, and recurrence of symptomatic effusion after repeated thoracenteses were significantly higher in fibrinous group. Conclusions:Repeated thoracenteses may induce local release of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF and PAI-1, which may result in fibrin deposition and impair resolution of pleural transudates.


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We show that two C*-algebraic noncommutative tori are strongly Morita equivalent if and only if they have isomorphic ordered K0-groups and centers, extending N. C. Phillips's result in the case that the algebras are simple. This is also generalized to the twisted group C*-algebras of arbitrary finitely generated abelian groups.


In a study of the fossil stingless bees the following species are discussed: Electrapis proava , Meliponorytes succini and sicula , Trigona devicta , T. silacea , T. dominicana , T. eocenica, T. erythra, T. gribodoi , and T. iridipennis . In the light of exhaustive comparisons and new information it was found that previous classifications and interpretation of Electrapis proava, Meliponorytes, Trigona devicta , and T. eocenica , in my opinion, are erroneous.


Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of PPARγ and MMP-9 in the genesis and development of hypertensive disorder-complicating pregnancy(HDCP).Methods The expressions of PPARγ and MMP-9 in placenta of 31 normal pregnant women(control group) and 36 pregnant women with hypertensive disorder-complicating pregnancy(experimental group) were detected by using SP method of immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between PPARγ and MMP-9 expressions and hypertensive disorder-complicating pregnancy was explored.Results ① PPARγ expression in placental tissues was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P0.05);PPARγ with positive expression rate of exacerbations was significantly increased.② MMP-9 expression in placental tissues showed low expression in the experimental group,which was significantly different from that in the control group(P0.05);MMP-9 with positive expression rate of exacerbations was significantly decreased.③ The Pearman correlation analysis of PPARγ and MMP-9 showed that the expression level of the two had a negative correlation(r=-0.529,P0.01).Conclusion PPARγ has a high expression in the placenta of patients with HDCP while MMP-9 has a low expression,suggesting that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of HDCP by inhibiting the infiltration capacity of nourishing cells.


No. 3153. A group with complicated polarities in which the preceding and following spots were N, with S spots in between them. This group may have been responsible for the great magnetic storm of October 12. Two N spots, the smaller of which rotated around the larger, moving 90° in five or six days. On three days a very small S field was present which was disregarded in the classification. An active group which may have contributed to the magnetic storm of October 12. A return of No. 3106. A return of No. 3117. Some small S spots, disregarded in the classification, were visible on several days. A group which developed rapidly from October 20 to 22 and which may have been the cause of the magnetic storm of October 12.


Waveguiding devices are fabricated in optical materials using a femtosecond pulse train from a Ti: sapphire laser at a 25 MHz repetition rate. The fabricated structures are characterized through interferometry and Raman spectroscopy.


AbstractThis paper investigates the stochastic nonlinear flexural response of laminated composite plates resting on a two-parameter Pasternak elastic foundation with Winkler cubic nonlinearity and random system properties subjected to transverse uniform lateral pressure and hygrothermal loading. System properties, such as the lamina material properties, coefficients of thermal expansion, coefficients of hygroscopic expansion, and lateral load, are modeled as basic random variables using a micromechanical model. A higher-order shear deformation theory in the von Karman sense is used to model the system behavior of the laminated plate. A direct iterative-based C0 nonlinear FEM, in conjunction with the first-order perturbation technique previously developed by the authors, is extended for the hygrothermal problem to obtain the second-order response statistics, i.e., the mean and variance of the nonlinear transverse deflection of the plate. Typical numerical results for the second-order statistics of the nonl...


The miniaturization design of the beamforming network (BFN) is the key to improving the application value of the multibeam array antenna. The traditional miniaturization method of the BFN mostly solves the miniaturization of the transverse width, while the miniaturization of the longitudinal length is rarely involved. In this article, a coexistence-mode (Co-mode) composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) transmission line technology is proposed, and this technology aims to solve the problem of miniaturization in the longitudinal length of the Butler matrix (BM). Its core is to introduce a longitudinally extended interdigital slot (IDS), force the SIW to incorporate an interdigital capacitor, and realize the phase constants of the TE10 mode and the TE20 mode reverse change. Then, the coupling region length of the couplers based on the Co-mode CRLH SIW transmission line can be reduced, and the longitudinal miniaturized directional coupler and the longitudinal miniaturized cross coupler are obtained. Finally, three types of $4\times 4$ longitudinal miniaturized BMs based on the Co-mode CRLH SIW transmission line are designed, whose longitudinal lengths are reduced by 32%, 22.1%, and 30.7% compared with those of their SIW counterparts. In addition, a miniaturized multibeam array antenna based on the Co-mode CRLH $4\times 4$ H-plane SIW BM is fabricated and measured, which verifies the applicability of Co-mode CRLH SIW transmission line technology.


PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit IV Cilacap, is the largest refinery in Indonesia which has a production capacity of 348,000 barrels per day and this refinery is very strategic because it supplies 34% of national fuel needs or 60% of fuel needs in Java. In implementing its CSR program, it has 4 pillars, namely Healthy Pertamina, Smart Pertamina, Green Pertamina and Berdikari Pertamina, each of which has its own concentration. The application of CSR is not only based on requirements, seeing the real condition of the surrounding community. The CSR program is an environmental social responsibility to the surrounding community from the company's operational activities. In the implementation of CSR programs in the Refinery Unit IV Cilacap, it was carried out with the University of Gajah Mada in Yogyakarta such as the implementation of social mapping and personnel assistance such as the Community Development Officer (CDO). The CSR Implementation Strategy Program is prioritized for communities around Ring 1 or those that receive direct impacts from refinery operations. The implementation of CSR is also done through focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders such as the Cilacap Regency Government, Community Social Institutions, and also other companies related to the work area. Where the implementation of CSR must be interconnected and synergized so that the Government's short-term and long-term programs to advance the budget and development or the Human Development Index (HDI) can be implemented properly. This research program is a CSR implementation program at PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap can help a good relationship with stakeholders around the operational business can run well and the surrounding community benefits from the existence of CSR programs


Clinical features and history Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas usually present as one or more erythematous papules or nodules that may coalesce to form plaques. They are usually localized tumors effecting one cutaneous region and rarely ulcerate. There is some regional predilection for various sub-types of tumors; follicle center lymphoma more commonly arises on the scalp, marginal zone B-cell lymphomas usually occur on the trunk or extremities, and the more aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma usually arises on the lower leg. Histomorphology In contrast to malignancies of T lymphocytes which frequently show epidermotropism, the tumor cells in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas spare the epidermis and are usually separated from it by a grenz zone of uninvolved dermis. Immunophenotype Some observers have proposed that a cutaneous lymphomas develop in the setting of a persistent inflammatory reaction or immune dysregulation. This hypothesis has been applied not only to Tcell proliferations in the setting of connective tissue disease, chronic actinic dermatitis (actinic reticuloid), and lymphomatoid drug eruptions, but also has been used to explain the development of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas in the setting of borrelia infection and tattoo. As with T-cell lymphomas, an aberrant B-cell immunophenotype supports the diagnosis of lymphoma, as may be seen in light chain restriction or co-expression of CD43 and CD20. Because the responder cell in cutaneous inflammatory processes is usually a T cell, most non-neoplastic cutaneous infiltrates are composed almost exclusively of T cells. Thus, when B cells comprise >75% of the dermal infiltrate a diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is favored. On the other hand, dense reactive T-cell infiltrates are frequently present in cutaneous lymphoma; in some cases of B-cell lymphoma the neoplastic B cells may represent only a minor component of the dermal lymphocytic infiltrate. An immunohistochemical panel including CD20, CD3, CD21, CD10, bcl-2, and bcl-6 is often useful in distinguishing follicle center lymphoma from marginal zone Bcell lymphoma. Gene Rearrangements The southern blot method of detecting T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements may yield negative results if the tumor cells represent less than 5% of the sample. PCR based techniques are reported to be positive in most cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma but only 50% of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. As with any diagnostic tool, the interpretation of the genetic results should be in the context of the clinical, histologic and immunophenotypic findings of the case. Treatment and Prognosis


The energy spectra and magnetic properties of one-dimensional stacks consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with Schottky, chemisorption, and Tamm-chemisorption-type surface defects are inv...


Quality assurance is needed to exploit the full potential of tissue biobanks. Histological evaluation of banked specimens serves to confirm diagnoses and provide a surrogate assessment of tissue features, including tumor presence, in biobank specimens. Histology pattern recognition software was tested as a means for automated, reproducible tissue feature quantification. Unique algorithms were optimized to evaluate spontaneous lymphomas (n=70), osteosarcomas (n=71), and melanomas (n=80) from the Canine Comparative Oncology and Genomics Consortium. Optimization focused on developing histology‐specific algorithms by training on known specimens until specificity and sensitivity approached 95%. Analysis of unknowns provided estimates of percent tissue section area occupied by stroma, tumor, and necrosis, the latter when subjectively considered >20%. Expert review revealed inappropriate tissue feature segmentation in a limited number of sections, which varied according to tumor type. > 90% of the area occupied by tumor was accurately annotated for lymphomas, while 25/80 melanomas included miscalls, primarily due to the marked pleomorphism. Pattern recognition software provides reproducible quantitative information for biobank quality assurance; however, pathologist oversight is important, especially for pleomorphic cancers. Support: NCI Intramural Research. CCOGC support from Pfizer.


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology can be used to create a variety of different sensors, including strain, chemical, pressure, and temperature. These sensors can be configured to be passive and wireless, which could be useful in aerospace applications. NASA performs tests on the ground, in wind tunnels, and on aircraft during flight and in space. Many of these tests would benefit from the reduction or removal of wires during testing through the use of passive wireless sensors, such as SAW devices. This paper presents a SAW strain sensor for structural health monitoring and other aerospace applications.


The brand phenomenon, or simply brand building, amongst other interventions for the private firm, is well-recognized for the valuable role it plays in today's market competition. Research has, however, shown that for the firm ranging from micro to small- to medium-size enterprise (MSME), their business owner-managers often tend to grossly underestimate the power of building a strong brand name in the marketplace. All this suggests that if the MSME is quite serious about enhancing its capacity to compete profitably in the medium to long-term; among others, it has got to pay considerable attention to (corporate) brand building process in general and in particular that of the development of a strong brand-oriented culture (BOC hereafter) in the first place. The greater argument here is that by embedding a strong BOC, the MSME stands a better chance to not only stay reasonably competitive, increase its revenue streams, increase its visibility in the marketplace, but that it will also increase its chances of survival in the event of any economic downturns. Long story short, in this scientific work, the researcher is particularly interested in the identification of the key underlying dimensions of a strong BOC, as well as the validation of its driving factors in the firm; plus the fact that the research also seeks to understand better the implications of the composite BOC construct to the firm. It is this reasoning that has largely informed and triggered the work. Put more clearly, the research objective is to create and validate a conceptual framework, which seeks to deconstruct the relevance of the notion of a BOC to the firm by firstly highlighting its critical underlying dimensions, and secondly uncovering its critical enabling factors, and more fundamentally its overall implications for the MSME. In doing so, the thesis draws upon an array of literature on strategy research in general and branding stream of research in particular. The resource-based theory (RBT) is framed as the theoretical underpinning of this work, as it has been conceived that brand should be treated as a strategic resource of the firm. And to further achieve the objective of the study, primary data were collected from firms in two developing economies and on two continents (i.e., Macedonia on the European front and Nigeria on the African front). The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to empirically test and validate the research hypotheses. In addition to the rich findings of the research, one of the big takeaways from the thesis comes from the framing of a conceptual toolkit (see Figure 2), which primarily should serve as a useful guide for the MSME and in the hopes that it will practically help the operators to have a solid understanding about the core requirements for a strong enterprise-wide BOC, which in turn helps advance the competitiveness and economic prosperity of the MSME. It is worth mentioning that the contributions to theoretical knowledge, managerial practice, and policymaking are highlighted in the penultimate section of the thesis. Limitations of the research as well as useful suggestions for further research have equally been highlighted (see the concluding section of this scholarly piece of work for more information).


Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the diallyl disulphide (DADS) liposomal dispersion and further the dispersion was to formulate into gel.
Methods: The DADS liposomal system was developed using thin film hydration method. 32 factorial design was employed to study the effect of various factors to obtain the optimized liposomal system. Further, it was converted to gel using suitable gelling agent. The optimized liposomal system and gel formulations were evaluated for various parameters. The optimized gel was evaluated for its in-vitro antifungal efficacy. The stability studies for gel were carried as per International conference on harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.
Results: The optimized liposomal system was having vesicle size of 208.6nm, % entrapment was 91.7±1.16% and loading was 11.12±0.23%. % drug permeation was 61.10±0.85%. The zeta potential showed moderate stability. The optimized DADS liposomal gel showed satisfactory results. Ex-vivo permeation studies showed that DADS liposomal gel possesses sustained release and drug retention study proved better retention of DADS from liposomal gel than conventional gel in skin. The stability studies showed DADS liposomal gel was stable for 30 days at 25℃/60%RH, 40℃/75%RH and refrigeration (5±3℃).
Conclusion:  The results from the present study show that the sustained release profile of optimized DADS liposomal gel. The retention of DADS from liposomal gel was more than from conventional gel which helps in better pharmacological activity with least side effects.
Keywords: Diallyl disulphide (DADS), liposomal gel, permeation, sustained release and antifungal activity.


Abstract To investigate the impact of dynamic assessment (DA) on the development of speaking skills, a case study was conducted, recruiting a non-English major undergraduate. DA was constructed following the design combining sandwich and cake format with an interactionist approach. To collect data, a profile was designed in accordance with the China's Standards of English Language Ability (CSE) to record the learner's changes. A semi-structured interview was conducted to reveal his perspectives on DA. The generated profile with specific mediator-learner's moves revealed the learner's microgenetic development in both organizational knowledge and oral expression strategy ability. The thematic analysis of the interview demonstrated the learner's positive experience with DA, while also unveiling the weak points of DA. Finally, the operational framework for applying interactionist DA in the oral classroom was discussed, and the complementary relationship between DA and traditional teaching and testing practices was highlighted.


Inflammatory pain is a component of psoriatic arthritis, and participating in physical activity, such as yoga, is a way to reduce inflammation and manage chronic pain if a patient is experiencing it.


The radiation exposure encountered in revisions and demolitions of some areas of nuclear facilities requires the use of remotely operated technical systems in order to avoid the personnel being exposed in the course of such work. The main activities conducted within such areas include inspecting, measuring, cleaning, cutting, and handling. The Institute for Materials Research (IW) of the University of Hanover, with its twenty years of experience in basic and application-oriented research and development in the field of thermal cutting, especially in plasma fusion cutting, and ten years of development of remotely operated handling systems, offers its services as a partner in solving these problems in nuclear plants. Besides stationary systems, IW has developed also mobile robots and manipulators able to move largely autonomously under remote control within a certain area.


Consumption is the product of a lifetime of conditioning. Conditioning is very powerful. When our conditioned habits aggregate into organizations, institutions and culture they harden in our minds and become solid, real and immutable stories. For those living inside the stories it's almost impossible to envision a world operating under different rules. In business, we have created stories about market growth, market share, competition, globalization, efficient supply chains, short product life cycles, competition, continuous economic growth, etc.. These are the stories that drive our business paradigms. Our propensity to truck, barter and trade in a world of finite resources is leading to the logical outcome of depleted resources, lives of unsatisfied insatiable accumulation, disastrous poverty for the majority, and devastation of the gifts of our planet. This essay examines how our business paradigms aren't cast in stone but socially constructed artifacts. And that they create a web of conditioning that touches many parts of our lives. Assumptions about the natural environment are buried in our business paradigms of mass production and consumption. We discuss how awareness of our conditioning, briefly using the lens of Buddhist dependent origination, is a first necessary step towards constructive change in business practices.


Despite losing the popular vote, Malaysia's long-ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) triumphed again in the country's 2013 elections, disappointing an emboldened opposition that had high hopes after a strong performance in 2008. Why and how did Najib and the BN win? What do the answers to those questions mean for his government and for democracy in Malaysia? In many ways, the 2013 polls typify those of competitive authoritarian systems, in which incumbents use finely honed tactics and institutional leverage to stay in office. But the 2013 general election also revealed social forces pushing for greater democracy. The nature of BN's victory, the voting patterns, and the broader political forces within society point to continuing pressures for further democratization and high levels of political contestation in the future.


The combination of Hawthorn,Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and Panax Notoginseng has the antihyperlipidemia effect.Eighty patients with hyperlipemia were randomly divided into control group(n=40) and experimental group(n=40).Under the guidance of professional dietitian,besides normal diet,experimental group also take some mixture(10g) of Hawthorn、Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and Panax Notoginseng rich in nutrition and health care effect.In contrast,control group were just on normal diet.The final results indicate that the effects of antihyperlipidemia in the experimental group were much better than those in the control group.The combination of Hawthorn,Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and Panax Notoginseng has a positive treatment.TG and LDL-C of the patients in experimental group were lowered into 60.53% and 39.13% respectively,their TC was cut by 10.71% and HDL-C was raised at 0.1mmol/L.Therefore,it can be concluded that taking some mixture of Hawthorn,Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and Panax Notoginseng could lower the levers of serum cholesterol and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.


Is the "carrasco" on the Ibiapaba plateau a unique plant formation? To answer this question the vertical height (except of climbers) and the stem basal diameter (from 3cm on) of woody plants were measured, and soil extracts (0-50 and 50-100cm depth) were taken from 100 random plots (10x10m) at Jaburuna (3o54'34"S and 40o59'24"W, altitudes near 830m), municipality of Ubajara, Ceara State. Data on climate, soil, diameter height, density, basal area, and physiognomy were compared with those surveyed by other researchers from the carrasco, caatinga, and cerrado in Northeastern Brazil. The carrasco occurs under an annual rainfall of between 668 and 1,289mm and temperatures from 22 to 24oC, on alic Quartz Sand soils, at altitudes between 700 and 900m: it has a larger density and a smaller basal area than the caatinga and the cerrado, small and similar diameters, and an average vertical height between 3,7 and 5,4m. It differs from the caatinga, cerrado (and cerradao) and secondary forest in many items of lhe ecotope, organization and physiognomy, thus being a unique plain formation, which can be characterized as a deciduous, high, closed, and unistratified shrubland intermingled by lianas, with an irregular canopy and sparse, emergent trees.


A new method is described for maintaining a constant deviator stress in compression tests on saturated undrained clay specimens where the crossectional area is substantially increased during creep. /Author/


The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses explanatory factor analysis that is an analysis that forms new random factors in which the later formed factors or constructs can be interpreted. The case study was conducted in Sawan Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Bali, with six variables explaining the economic impact, and 16 variables explaining the social impact. The results of the study show that there are three factors that explain the economic impact due to Covid-19. They are the income factor, the purchase of quotas and gadgets, and the expenditure factor with the total variance described being 82,178 percent. Meanwhile, the social impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic is explained by three factors, namely the fear of interacting in public places, the fear factor of doing activities outside the home, and the fear of using public facilities with a total variance that can be explained is 73,609 percent.


Abstract : The partial paramagnetism of several nickel (2) unsaturated Beta- ketoamine complexes has been found to be due to decomposition and water effects. Several other ketoamine complexes have been prepared, but none has been found suitable for vapor phase chromatography. A new 8-hydroxyquinolato complex of molybdenum has been isolated and the isomers of trichlorotripyridinemolybdenum (3) have been studied. Investigations of tungsten (3) and -(4) complexes are in progress. Calculations of absorption band spectra for several trifluoromethyltetrazolyl complexes have been made and structures determined.