The present invention discloses a fluid aspect relates to a method and apparatus applied to the substrate (100) (106) is propelled. Devices described herein (100) and a method of applying a viscous fluid according to a predetermined pattern to a substrate (106) advancing (130) such as an adhesive. The fluid applying apparatus may include a slot die applicator (102) and the substrate carrier (104). Slot die applicator (102) may include a slit opening (114), a first lip (116), and a second lip (118), the slit opening (114) located in a first lip (116) and two lip (118) between. And a slot die applicator (102) to discharge the adhesive to the substrate (106) when the base support (104) may be adapted to advance the substrate (106) through a slot die applicator (102). In operation, when the first surface of the substrate (106) (108) disposed on a substrate carrier (104), substrate carrier (104) advancing a second surface of the substrate (110) through a slot die applicator (104) slit opening (114).


The present invention, after forming the card by injection molding, characters and symbols to provide a method and a card manufacturing apparatus capable cards to be printed on any ink-receiving layer. Ink card, when forming the injection to the card base body (1) an injection molding resin (10) in the cavity (7) of the molding die (5), which is formed on the substrate sheet (4a) receiving layer (2) bonded to the card base (1), it is then prepared by peeling the substrate sheet (4a). Card, after being taken out from the molding die (5), desired printing is performed on the ink-receiving layer (2) by an ink jet printer or the like.


The inflaton coupling to a vector field via the f (φ) FμνF term is used in several contexts in the literature, such as to generate primordial magnetic fields, to produce statistically anisotropic curvature perturbation, to support anisotropic inflation, and to circumvent the η-problem. In this work I perform dynamical analysis of this system allowing for the most general Bianchi I initial conditions. I also confirm the stability of attractor fixed points along phase-space directions that had not been investigated before.


The purpose of this study is to investigate tile effects of the Paecilomyces japonica on blood glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus volunteers. During the 3 months of the experimental period, freeze-dried powder of Paecilomyces japonica (2 g/meal) was given to the subjects right before each meal. Paecilomyces japonica caused a significant decrease of in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, respectively. There were significant reductions of in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of the male subjects, respectively Paecilomyces japonica also significantly decreased in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of in female patients after treatment. This study shows that Paecilomyces japonica supplementation significantly lowered the fasting and postprandial glucose levels in NIDDM patients. These effects presumably contribute to the hypoglycemic activity.


It is concluded that the air-flow noise is the most noise by testing on falling-film Evaporator of concentrator in milk powder workplace.Together with professor Madaqil's Jetting Air Flow theory and applying the modern testing and analyzing methods,the author proposes the theoretical is and efficient measures on preventing noise.


Objective:To study the effect of meditation, a type of brain behavior modification, on characteristics of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM). Method: Fifteen healthy zhanzhuang practitioners were selected. The subjects, taking the same Tri-round-style gesture, performed simple zhanzhuang without meditation and tranquilizing zhanzhuang with meditation for 30 minutes respectively. The effect of meditation on BEAM characteristics were abstracted from ?琢1??琢2?β1?β2?δ and θ band power at different cerebral areas during the two types of zhanzhuang.Result:The ?琢2 power at all brain areas and ?琢1 power at several brain areas increased significantly after 30 minutes of tranquilizing zhanzhuang, but not after simple zhanzhuang. Conclusion: Meditation might increase the BEAM ?琢 power of most brain areas.Author′s address Dept. of Rehabil. The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, 210029


Creep is the time-dependent, viscoelastic strain observed in materials under constant stress. Creep can increase structural strains/deformations to non-serviceable levels or alter the stress distribution among structural components. While stress redistribution can be helpful in composite materials by relieving the stress on one component, it might have a detrimental effect on another, especially if it leads to overstressing.A step-by-step in time approach for modeling creep in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and masonry is utilized, and a new continuum damage model based on Weibull's failure rate distribution is introduced. A multiplicative approach to integrate the creep and damage effects within the step-by-step in time analysis is invoked. The significance of the proposed approach is exemplified through analysis of a clay masonry column filled with grout and subjected to concentric axial load. It is shown that the proposed approach can provide insights on the stress evolution in both components of the composite material that might not be inferred using classical methods of analysis.


Background. Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize conserved molecular patterns expressed by microbes and together with other molecular sensors serve as a first line of defense, inducing soluble and cellular mediators of innate immunity and initiating key steps of an adaptive immune response. The use of TLR agonists for therapeutic purposes relies on the ability of these compounds to induce, at least partially, some of the immune events that occur during natural infections. For example, synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) act as TLR9 agonists, mimicking stimulation of the immune system by bacterial or viral DNA. CpG ODNs are being developed for cancer immunotherapy based on their capacity to stimulate innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. In this study, we examined the efficacy of intratumorally administered CpG-ODN 1826 alone or in combination with immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD-1, anti-OX40, anti-CTLA4) or chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel) in the syngeneic mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. Methods. Tumors were implanted orthotopically in the mammary fat pads on the left and right flanks while only one tumor was injected with CpG-ODN 1826. Therapy began 12-14 days post tumor injection when tumors were 8-10 mm in diameter. CpG-ODN 1826 (100 ug) was administered intratumorally, while immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD-1 [200 ug], anti-CTLA4 [100 ug], anti-OX40 [400 ug]) and chemotherapies (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg], paclitaxel [10 mg/kg]) were administered intraperitoneally. Tumor volume was monitored on both flanks to assess direct and abscopal/systemic anti-tumor activity. Tumor tissue obtained during the treatment regimen was used to evaluate therapy-induced changes in the immune microenvironment. Results. CpG-ODN 1826, administered intratumorally over 5 consecutive days induced complete regressions in ˜50% of the treated tumors, but only delayed growth in the distant lesions. The immunomodulatory antibodies had little effect on their own and did not add to the therapeutic efficacy of CpG-ODN 1826. The best therapeutic efficacy was obtained with a combination of weekly cyclophosphamide + CpG-ODN 1826 resulting in complete regression of both the CpG injected tumors and the contralateral tumors in 100% of the mice. Conclusions. These data support the clinical investigation of the combination of a TLR9 agonist (CpG-ODN) with cyclophosphamide in women with breast cancer. Citation Format: Campbell MJ, Tandon V, Senman B, Li J, Esserman L. Chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist eradicates triple negative breast cancer in a murine model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-02.


generally nonparametric statistics in the book, because forcing data to Ž t some mathematically convenient cdf destroys potentially actionable information and forces me to defend the choice of parametric cdf. The book contains a lot of modeling. I have known the academic pressure of "publish or perish," and I know some journals function as repositories of knowledge. Authors publish models and statistical analyses of these models that were analyzed because they could be. I wonder if those authors were inspired by real problems or because they could solve the problems. One does not read those articles for interest or entertainment. One might read them in the book, because they have been collected, summarized, and compared. Recurrent events in the new Chapter 9 cannot be modeled with dead-forever failure time distributions. Unfortunately, not too many reliability engineers recognize the distinction between recurrent events, such as product repairs, and dead-forever failures; fewer still have time-between events data. Finally, there is not much point to modeling recurrent events if one does not know enough about them. A student in India keeps sending me helicopter failure counts— dozens, between scheduled maintenances, without classiŽ cation of cause or failure mode. Modeling and extrapolation hardly seems worthwhile. Reliability engineers have a lot to learn from biomedical recurrent events analyses and from Nelson (2003). The second edition of The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data is a great book—improved, modernized, and comprehensive. Keep this book-level reference handy. Buy the book if you do biomedical survival analysis or reliability statistics. The second edition is a better textbook than the Ž rst. It has more exercises, although they are largely academic exercises (stuff that did not make it into the text itself). It is amazing how hard innocent graduate students will work to learn what they may never use. Discipline. Tradition. Just a minute, please, I am not Ž nished. What if I do not have a random sample, iid, possibly censored, truncated, or grouped? What if members of the cohort are not tracked by name, serial number, or other identiŽ cation? What if privacy considerations prevent identiŽ cation of members of a cohort by name or serial number, for example, AIDS, counts of third world disease incidences, or ships (births, installations, sales) and returns (deaths, complaints, failures, repairs, spares sales) counts by calendar interval. Look for other work. Compute monthly average failure rates, failures/installed base? This book does not deal with such real life concerns. Also, cost considerations weigh against tracking products by serial number. About the same time the hard disk drive industry began to recognize that failure rates were not constant (http://www.idema.org), computer companies quit tracking parts to failure by serial number. Others, like auto equipment manufacturers, collect warranty repair records by vehicle identiŽ cation number, which requires 1,000 times the storage as ships and returns counts and incurs at least that many times more errors. People who use the automotive computer system say that it is easy to put data in, but it sure is hard to get information out. Generally accepted accounting principles require ships and returns counts. They are sufŽ cient to make nonparametric estimates of survival functions (http://web.utk.edu/»asaqp/newsletters/1299newsletter.pdf, pp. 13–16). With a little more work, ships and returns counts could be classiŽ ed by concomitant variables, allowing the same analyses as done by Kalb eisch and Prentice. For transient processes such as AIDS, hantavirus, other epidemics, and transplants, clinical trials would not have to kill controls, because the control survivor function could be estimated from population data. Ronald Fisher taught the controltreatment paradigm for agricultural tests, not tests of life-saving drugs. We need statistics for samples other than iid.


Since before the time of Leonardo da Vinci, artistic guidelines to the proportionate face and nose have been studied, refined, and redefined.' Although Anatole France's keen observation "there is no perfect beauty which hath not some strangeness of propor t i~n"~ still has validity today, subtle as well as gross disharmonies of nasal proportions may spoil an otherwise pleasant facial appearance. Precise diagnosis of the elements of disproportion of nasal anatomic components is an absolute prerequisite to achieving excellence in rhinoplastic surgery. Profound disharmony may result from the anatomic facial feature variant termed "the overprojecting nose" (Figs. 1-4). Since the entire nose, and especially the normal nasal tip, is made up of distinct, interrelated anatomic components (Fig. 5), any one or combination of several of these components (or nasal units) may be responsible for the tip that projects unpleasantly too far forward of the anterior plane of the face. Goode3 has accurately characterized the guidelines for determining appropriate and inappropriate tip projection (Fig. 6). When a large number of patients with overprojecting tips are analyzed, it becomes apparent that no single anatomic component of the nose is constantly responsible for overprojection; it clearly follows that no single surgical technique is uniformly useful in correcting all of the problems responsible for the various overprojection deformities. This fundamental anatomic fact has been largely overlooked or underestimated in the medical literature of the past, although this critical concept represents one of the axiomatic truths about thoughtful nasal plastic surgery. Upon careful physical examination and photographic analysis, a variety of separate but interrelated causes for tip overprojection can be identified. Accurate anatomic diagnosis then allows for development of a logical individualized plan for correction and tip retropositioning. In almost every instance, weakening or reducing normal tip support mechanisms is required to achieve normality4 supplemented by reduction of the overdeveloped components.


Introduction As the economy rebounds, it will be clear that the need for greater numbers of highly qualified IT professionals has not disappeared (Brown, 2003). Although the growth rate of jobs in information technology (IT) slowed, there were approximately 3.5 million people directly employed in IT positions in September 2003 (Chabrow, 2003). Skilled IT professionals continued to be one of the most important success factors for organizations that want to stay competitive. The fact that so many people are involved in the IT function shows that demand crosses industry boundaries and is important to management in all industries. With an estimated ninety-two percent of IT workers working for non-IT companies (ITAA, 2002), this demand crosses industry boundaries and is not simply an IT issue alone. Secondary school students considering their careers should note that salaries for IT positions have not declined during the economic downturn, with the median pay remaining slightly above $100,000 in total compensation (McGee, Chabrow, & Hayes, 2003). In addition to pay, IT jobs tend to be professionally satisfying. In fact, 80 percent of IT staff and almost 90 percent of managers reported that they found their jobs to be intellectually challenging, and many studies have found that challenge is a vital component of job satisfaction (McGee, et al., 2003). As optimism about hiring in IT increases, concern over the gap between demand and supply is also apparent (ITAA, 2002). It is clear that the IT profession has a pressing need to attract the best and brightest students into the field. Unfortunately, public perceptions concerning the information technology (IT) profession are inconsistent and unflattering, resulting in the image of a lone, nerdy male scientist with a pocket protector (ITAA, 1998). Ideally, recruitment of students into the IT profession should address these perception problems. And, since many high quality students select a college major while they are in secondary school, efforts should begin before students have chosen a college and career field. Secondary school educators often have a large influence on students' choice of major. Unfortunately, evidence exists that these key professionals have an inaccurate perception of IT as a career (ITAA, 2002). In addition, there is evidence that those adults with little IT training may actually fear it as a career choice for themselves or others (ITAA, 1998). This uninformed perception of IT by secondary school educators may negatively influence the college major advice they give their students. To counteract this, the Image of the Information Technology Professions Task Force encourages school districts to target school career counselors and K-12 teachers and staff in an effort to evaluate and improve the IT image (McGee, 2001). This paper explores how a subset of secondary school teachers, namely tertiary level business teachers, perceives information systems (IS) as compared to other business majors on 14 attributes. Survey results from 248 secondary school business teachers suggests the IS profession is perceived rather negatively as compared to other majors these teachers might be recommending to their students. Purpose Literature suggests that a significant number of secondary school students make career choices during their secondary school years (Graves, Nelson, & Deines, 1993; Nelson & Deines, 1995) and that it is often too late to change a person's career choice by the time he or she finishes secondary school (Abtan, 1993). A Gallup poll indicated that secondary school teachers are second only to parents as the most important influence on secondary school students' career decisions (Dobson & Price, 1991). In addition, secondary school students' views are shaped in large part by the advice and counsel of their secondary school teachers and counselors (Dobson & Price, 1991; Graves et al. …


How should the law respond when concerns about equality collide with concerns for religious freedom? Both freedom of religion and equality rights are entrenched in the Canadian constitution, and the Supreme Court of Canada has said there is no hierarchy of constitutional rights. Professor Ginn considers what principles should be applied to find a just balance between equality and religious freedom. Discussion includes a focus on the recent Supreme Court of Nova Scotia decision, Trinity Western University v Nova Scotia Barristers' Society.


Abstract Wind damage from cyclones can devastate the forest canopy, altering environmental conditions in the understory that affect seedling growth and plant community regeneration. To investigate the impact of hurricane‐induced increases in light and soil nutrients as a result of canopy defoliation, we conducted a two‐way factorial light and nutrient manipulation in a shadehouse experiment. We measured seedling growth of the dominant canopy species in the four Everglades forest communities: pine rocklands (Pinus elliottii var densa), cypress domes (Taxodium distichum), hardwood hammocks, and tree islands (Quercus virginiana and Bursera simaruba). Light levels were full sun and 50% shade, and nutrient levels coupled with an additional set of individuals that were subjected to a treatment mimicking the sudden effects of canopy opening from hurricane‐induced defoliation and the corresponding nutrient pulse. Seedlings were measured weekly for height growth and photosynthesis, with seedlings being harvested after 16 weeks for biomass, leaf area, and leaf tissue N and 13C isotope ratio. Growth rates and biomass accumulation responded more to differences in soil nutrients than differences in light availability, with largest individuals being in the high nutrient treatments. For B. simaruba and P. elliottii, the highest photosynthetic rates occurred in the high light, high nutrient treatment, while T. distichum and Q. virginiana photosynthetic rates were highest in low light, high nutrient treatment. Tissue biomass allocation patterns remained similar across treatments, except for Q. virginiana, which altered above‐ and belowground biomass allocation to increase capture of limiting soil and light resources. In response to the hurricane simulation treatment, height growth increased rapidly for Q. virginiana and B. simaruba, with nonsignificant increases for the other two species. We show here that ultimately, hurricane‐adapted, tropical species may be more likely to recolonize the forest canopy following a large‐scale hurricane disturbance.


The article describes features of studying processes of erosion and accumulation as well as relief forms in different time scales. It sets out problems in researching the development of gullies over periods of time measured in decades and centuries.


A close relationship between Androsace and related genera (Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace) has long been recognized. Recent molecular studies have provided abundant evidence that Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace are nested within Androsace and together constitute the monophyletic "Androsace group". We investigated the pollen morphology of 80 taxa representing all sections of Androsace s.s. as traditionally construed, as well as Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace, to see whether they are congruent with phylogenetic relationships. We uncovered subtle variation in pollen morphology within the group. The shape of pollen grains ranges from spheroidal to perprolate. Pollen size ranges from 9.37 µm in Androsace sect. Samuelia to 20.68 µm in Douglasia. Exine ornamentation includes microreticulate, microechinate, perforate, and rugulate types. The polar view varies from circular, triangular and planaperturate, to triangular and angulaperturate. Various pollen morphological characters support the monophyly of major clades, including /Septentrionalis, /Pomatosace, /Orthocaulon, and /Megista, which were recognized previously based on molecular evidence.


Traditional methods of news retrieval which return a series of related news-list that sorted by time or events such as Baidu,are lack of intuitive description in both temporal and spatial dimensions,as well as spatiotemporal development that related to news events.This paper presented a method of multi-dimensional description and spatio-temporal visualization of online RSS news events,which helps readers understand the spatio-temporal development of the whole news event.Firstly,this method pulled news from several well-known websites such as Baidu,Sina and Google News based on RSS(Really Simple Syndication) service,and then used a multidimensional description method to mark the spatial and temporal dimensions of RSS news.The method of temporal dimensional description defines news publishing time as news' occurrence time,while the method of spatial dimensional description dynamically parses and identifies Chinese geographical name from news description,and then matches them with their geographical coordinates.Spatial dimensional description method is the primary content of this article.This approach has been separated into four stages to accomplish the analyzing process:(i) XSL Transformation,which uses XSL(eXtensible Stylesheet Language) to transform a news RSS document into a HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) document;(ii) Description Extraction,which uses the regular expression to extract the news description from news HTML document;(iii) Chinese place Name Extraction,which uses ICTCLAS to extract geographic name from description; And(iv) Geocoding,which uses Google Geocoder API to get the geographical coordinates of the place name.At last,this paper demonstrated the spatiotemporal visualization of news events and made a brief analysis by setting H7N9 hot news as an example.In the analysis,temporal visualization used transition color to show the changes between two time nodes according to the amount of news,and then used line chart to show the variation tendency of the total amount of news.Furthermore,spatial visualization clustered news by province and used different-sized plots to indicate the diffidence of news amounts between two provinces.


A servo-driven eccentric press is a synonym for innovative and economic metal forming technology. The path-time-characteristic of the ram of servopresses can be adapted to individual requirements of various forming processes. To achieve a high dynamic, the rotary inertia of the drive train should be as low as possible. Thus, a flywheel is not suitable to provide the energy required for both, the forming process as well as the ram kinematic. Hence the eccentric shaft is driven by the electric motor only. As a consequence, the press force has to be provided completely via the torque of the servomotor. High investment costs resulting from the required size of the drive components is a challenge to be conquered. This pushes the costs for the drive components. Another challenge is the unbalanced power consumption of the servomotor. Energy-converting and energy-storing systems are essential to compensate the power peaks resulting from the forming process and inertia forces. Nevertheless, these systems are expensive and reduce the energy efficiency of the press. Facing these challenges, a novel and innovative drive concept for eccentric presses is being developed at the Institute of Forming Technology and Machines (IFUM). The concept and the results of a first multibody simulation are presented in this paper.


Although studies have shown interesting piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PZT containing composite piezoelectric ceramics, there has been no systematic investigation on the PZT-PCN, especially on the porous one. In this study, the dense ceramics of 0.8Pb (Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.2Pb(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 abbreviated to (PZTCN) systems were successfully prepared by the columbite-wolframite precursor method via the mixed oxide technique. Porous PZT-PCN ceramics were prepared by burnable plastic sphere process (BURPS) technique with three types of pore forming agents (PFAs), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), stearic acid (SA), and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) at different weight percentages(5, 10, and 15 %). The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of processing parameters, PFA additions, and sintering temperature on the formation of phases, micro structural evolution, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of the system. The challenges are PbO atmosphere control, pyrochlore phase formation, and determination of sintering procedure. Within the dense PCN ceramic preparation process, undesired pyrochlore phase was detected in XRD test for low milling time (6 h) between Pb


A recent report highlighted the interlaboratory variability in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) results (1). Concerns have also been raised about the apparent inability of some 25OHD assays to reliably measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2) (2)(3)(4). The accurate measurement of this metabolite is essential for the monitoring of vitamin-D-deficient patients receiving ergocalciferol, which is the only supplement used in the United States (5) and widely used elsewhere.

The international Vitamin D Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) has been monitoring the performance of 25OHD assays since 1989 and now has >100 registered participants in 18 countries. In essence, DEQAS is an ongoing, multicenter trial of the methods used by its participants and provides a unique opportunity to assess the accuracy and specificity of 25OHD methods as well as the analytical performance of a large number of their users.

The organization of DEQAS has been described elsewhere (6), and details are available on the DEQAS website (www.deqas.org). In brief, five samples of normal human sera are sent out at 3-month intervals. Participants are asked to measure the total 25OHD concentration in each and return their results within 6 weeks. After statistical analysis of results (7), participants receive a report giving an All-Laboratory Trimmed Mean (ALTM) and Standard Deviation (SD) for each sample. A small study conducted in 1997 (8) showed that the ALTM was a good surrogate for the "true" (target) value produced by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The accuracy of each result is defined by its percentage bias from the ALTM. Results for each sample are also grouped by method, and a method mean (MM) is produced. The overall accuracy of each method can be assessed from the percentage bias of the method mean from the ALTM: {[(MM − ALTM)/ALTM] × 100}.

The …


Abstract This investigation examined non-verbal problem-solving abilities. Two groups of visual-spatial puzzles were administered to 10 left-CVA patients, 10 right-CVA patients and 10 normal subjects. The puzzles were divided into named and unnamed groups to examine the effects of non-language stimuli on test performance. Results indicated significant differences, with right-CVA patients having the greatest difficulty on all puzzles, left-CVA patients having the greatest difficulty with unnamed puzzles and making errors on some named puzzles and normal subjects making significantly fewer errors but having a response pattern similar to the left-CVA patients. The findings imply that, in terms of resource allocation theory, when the task utilized the competence of the left hemisphere for naming in conjunction with the visual-spatial competence of the right hemisphere, each hemisphere's resources were utilized and scores on the puzzles increased.


With 5G deployment gaining momentum, the control-plane traffic volume of cellular networks is escalating. Such rapid traffic growth motivates the need to study the mobile core network (MCN) control-plane design and performance optimization. Doing so requires realistic, large control-plane traffic traces in order to profile and debug the mobile network performance under real workload. However, large-scale control-plane traffic traces are not made available to the public by mobile operators due to business and privacy concerns. As such, it is critically important to develop accurate, scalable, versatile, and open-to-innovation control traffic generators, which in turn critically rely on an accurate traffic model for the control plane. Developing an accurate model of control-plane traffic faces several challenges: (1) how to capture the dependence among the control events generated by each User Equipment (UE), (2) how to model the inter-arrival time and sojourn time of control events of individual UEs, and (3) how to capture the diversity of control-plane traffic across UEs. We present a novel two-level hierarchical state-machine-based control-plane traffic model. We further show how our model can be easily adjusted from LTE to NextG networks (e.g., 5G) to support modeling future control-plane traffic. We experimentally validate that the proposed model can generate large realistic control-plane traffic traces. We have open-sourced our traffic generator to the public to foster MCN research.


Various image denoising algorithms have been developed for medical imaging. But some disadvantages have been found, including the block effect, which increases smoothing, and the loss of image detail. Using the statistical properties of observed noisy images, we propose a new diffusivity function‐based partial differential equation method for image denoising. This model incorporates a Quaternion Wavelet Transform for the generation of the various noisy image coefficients, an improved generalized cross‐validation function for generating the optimal threshold value via the soft threshold function, and a new diffusivity function for controlling the diffusion process. The fourth‐order PDE diffusivity function, which is presented in this article, is a novel diffusion coefficient that is more effective at removing noise and preserving edges than previous approaches. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, mean square error, structural similarity index, and comparisons to other traditional methods.


When treated with iodine in the presence of base, alkylhydrazines usually afford mixtures of the corresponding alkanes, alkenes, alkyl iodides, and (in aqueous media) alcohols, in relative amounts dependent upon the structure of the alkylhydrazine, the solvent, and the base used.


TRL-NS is a potent MR contrast agent with comparable properties to TRL. Dynamic in-vivo MR measurements after application of TRL-NS showed a two phase SNR change with a rapid exponential SNR decrease in order of vena cava, aorta, portal vein followed by a protracted SNR recovery in all vessels. Liver and BAT showed an exponential SNR decline (rΔ0394;SNRliver= -0.60 ±0.14 (p<;0.01); rΔSNRBAT = -0.74±0.13 (p<;0.01)) indicating high metabolism, that was confirmed with radioactive measurements. Skeletal muscle (rΔSNR= -0.08±0.18), myocardium (rΔSNR= -0.10±0.15) and WAT (rΔSNR= -0.05±0.11) showed a non-significant decline trend in contrast to significant uptake measured by y-counting. Brain showed no significant SNR changes in correlation to radioisotope counting. Corresponding to MR imaging histology and electron microscopy confirmed a predominantly accumulation of TRL-NS in liver and brown adipose tissue.


As part of a survey of biodiesel quality and stability in the United States, 27 biodiesel (B100) samples were collected from blenders and distributor nationwide. For this sample set, 85% met all of the requirements of the industry standard for biodiesel, ASTM D6751.


The 10 papers included in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics were selected from the Proceedings of CFD2005, the Annual Meeting of the CFD Society of Canada (CFDSC) held in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, from 31 July to 2 August 2005. The conference provided an opportunity to reaffirm Canadian participation in this international activity. International participants were from countries in East Asia, the Middle East, Europe and USA. About 40% of the authors at this conference were international, representing a significant evolution from its original domestic roots. The conference provided a forum for the latest thinking in computational fluid dynamics to facilitate meaningful and lasting dialogues between researchers in different component disciplines. We took great pleasure in the success of the conference and the resulting collaborations. It was a truly positive scientific and cultural experience. Computational fluid dynamics is a scientific subject that continues to improve with each passing year. We, the CFD community, will continue to work hard to increase its range of capability. The range of topics covered at the conference include hydrodynamics, aerodynamics/aeroacoustics/aero-elasticity, combustion and heat transfer, hydrology, automotive, nuclear and other industrial application areas. A wide range of flows considered in the papers presented in this Special Issue include nonNewtonian and multiphase flows, subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows, cavitating flows, free-surface flows, jet flows, vortex flows, detonation flows, plasma arc flows and porous media flows. A major theme of these flows is turbulence and there are many papers that consider direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) techniques, although Reynolds averaged Navier– Stokes (RANS) methods remain popular. There is a strong interest in high performance computing (HPC) because of the increased throughput it affords. Flow visualization and post processing is also highlighted in some papers. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the immense contributions of our colleagues, collaborators and graduate students on the Organizing Committee who devoted their valuable time to help ensure the success of this conference. The Local Organizing Committee of CFD2005 and the guest editors are very grateful to the IJCFD Editor in Chief, Professor W. G. Habashi, along with his editorial staff and the team at Taylor & Francis for making the Special Issue possible.


The objective of this study is to determine the effect of sodium butyrate microencapsulated in balm fat (NaB) on performance, clinical and pathological pictures, virulence gene expression and electromicroscopy of E. coli infection (colisepticaemia) in broiler chickens. One day-old chickens (n=90) allotted into 3 equal groups (1-3) with 3 replicates of 10 each were used in this study. Duration of the experiment extended from one day of age up to slaughter (35 days). The birds fed mash diet for 3 phases: starter (1-14 days), grower (15-28 days) and finisher (29-35 days). Birds of group1 (T) fed on NaB in the following dietary levels; starter diet: 1 kg/ton, grower diet: 0.5 kg/ton and finisher diet: 0.25 kg/ton. Chickens of groups 2 (PC) and 3 (NC) fed on plain ration. For experimental induction of colisepticaemia; experimented chickens of groups T and PC were individually infected by crop gavages with 4.5×10 8 CFU/ml/bird of E. coli serogroup O78 in PBS for 2 successive days. Birds of group 3 were kept without infection. NaB supplementation to colisepticaemic broiler chickens improved performance, reduced virulence genes by cPCR and rt-qPCR analysis. It also reduced both gross and histopathological lesion scores, and altered electromicroscopic profile of the inoculated E. Coli. Conclusively; NaB treatment could play a positive role in impedance of colisepticaemia in Broiler Chickens.


Purpose of this work is to point to the high divorce rate and its impact on children. I deal with the definition of family, what was the form of family in the past and today. I deal further with a definition of the institution of marriage and I made a little excursion into another cultures and the position of marriage. Particular attention shall be given to the subject of divorce, I specify the types of arrangements to the children and I generally summarize the basic legal standards. I mention also marginally the father's role in upbringing of his children. What the father's role in upbringing meant in the past and today. I mention the social aspects of the divorce rate, thus the main reasons for the collapse of marriage and I tried also to outline the possible impact on child with relation to the divorce so I describe here the divorce en its influence on children. I tried to suggest possible solutions to prevent the high divorce rate, because it is very important to prevent divorces. I evaluate statistical data directly related to the divorce in the last part of this work, that is information on marriage and divorce, age of divorcing partners, reasons for divorce, information on number and age of children from divorced family, so that I would map the statistics of divorces in the Czech Republic during the years 1950-2009 with emphasis on the past twenty years.


Considering recent theoretical accounts on the trajectory of French unionism under localised bargaining, this article examines potential consequences for the country's traditionally largest radical union, Confederation Generale du Travail (CGT). Deploying a case study of CGT at PSA Peugeot Citroёn and Renault in the years since the 2008 automotive crisis, the article observes a persistent pattern of militant opposition within company and plant union sections. Company bargaining structure, interunion reformist collaboration and electoral considerations are identified as workplace mechanisms reinforcing CGT actions at this level.


Acute lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),the complicated and devastating illness,resulted from various processes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS),injure directly or indirectly the lung.With the advance of investigations in SIRS and multiple organs disfunction syndrome(MODS),inflammation development and control have been considered to be the important mechanism of ALI/ARDS.The research hotspot is also focused on the inflammatory cells and cytokines.Dachengqi decoction can influence on the functions of inflammatory cells and cytokines,so the strategies of anti-inflammatory treatment on immunoregulation became the key point for prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS with traditional Chinese medicine.


In order to lay a foundation of the unified land market in the city and the countryside, we evaleuated the quality of arable land in Tumotezuo Banner by means of "factor method" in the process of the farmland classification. First of all, the Banner is divided into two index quarters, i.e. Mt. Daqingshan index quarter and the plain index quarter. Then we introduced Delphis method to set up the index system for the classification. Finally we measured and calculated the rank index of the farmland unit by computing the total marks of evaluation units and by using the index of natural quality, the quarter parameter of land use and the quarter parameter of land economy.


The epidemiological characterization of the occlusion was made on basis of the classical Angle Classification through a statistical selection from a total of 4363 females and males children; which ages ranged between 7 to 14 years old. These were students registered in public federal schools located in the south of the metropolitan area. The results of the study were determined as follows: Class I, 84.7%; Class II, 10.9%, Class III 4.3%.


Abstract Medieval mappaemundi carry levels of meaning that have been widely misunderstood. Their compilers have been judged on their ability to show geographical reality structured according to a coordinate system, but the primary function of these maps was to provide illustrated histories or moralized, didactic displays in a geographical setting. That medieval thinkers'understanding of the physical world has also been underestimated is reflected in the frequently repeated views that most medieval scholars thought the earth was flat or that Jerusalem should be shown at its center. This paper challenges these commonly held views in the light of recent reinterpretations in art history and the history of cartography. Several themes are explored, including the type of reality represented by the maps, the way the map center changed as the Middle Ages developed, and the relationship between concepts of the earth's sphericity and the graphic constraints on the mappaemundi. Finally, the study suggests ways in whi...


A fast algorithm is proposed based on artificial neural network to estimate the background of infrared images,and a target model is constructed using the characteristics of small infrared targets.A big and a small windows sharing the same centre are created.The background is computed with the pixels between the two windows,which is taken as the first node output of hidden layer.The centre characteristics are also calculated with the pixels inside the small one,which are taken as the second node output of hidden layer.The first node is subtracted from the second one,and the result is used to estimate whether the centre pixel is the target or not.The bigger result makes the output bigger.The proposed target model can detect real targets and delete false targets much effectively.


The invention relates to security video monitoring and discloses a motion analysis method based on a video compression code stream, a code stream conversion method and an apparatus thereof. The motion analysis method is characterized in that: a total number of bits or a residual bit number of a macroblock in a frame is extracted from the video compression code stream; weighted average is performed to the total number of bits or a residual bit number of the macroblock whose position corresponds with the current macroblock in the latest M frames and a background value is obtained through calculating; a difference value between the total number of bits or the residual bit number of the current macroblock and the background value is calculated, and if the difference value is greater than a first predetermined threshold, then a moving object is determined to be detected. Weighted average background modeling is performed to macroblock information, such as the total number of bits or the residual bit number of the macroblock and the like, wherein the position of the macroblock corresponds with the current macroblock in the latest M frames. Threshold determination is performed to a background difference value matching result and motion analysis is performed. Coding image of the macroblock between the frames does not need to be calculated. Calculated quantity is small and the method and the apparatus possess a strong adaptability to the coding stream and a scene.


The authors report the growth of GaAs tunnel diodes by atmospheric pressure OMVPE, using diethyl tellurium and carbon tetrachloride as n and p-type dopants respectively, for use as the inter-cell ohmic contact in the monolithic tandem Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs. After annealing under conditions which simulate the growth of the complete tandem structure, the diodes retained a peak current of typically 15.4 A/cm/sup 2/ at 120/spl deg/C, which should enable satisfactory operation of this system for space applications under a concentration of up to 500 suns.<<ETX>>


The Dirac-cone surface states of topological insulators are characterized by a chiral spin texture in k-space with the electron spin locked to its parallel momentum. Mid-infrared pump pulses can induce spin-polarized photocurrents in such a topological surface state by optical transitions between the occupied and unoccupied part of the Dirac cone. We monitor the ultrafast dynamics of the corresponding asymmetric electron population in momentum space directly by time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE). The elastic scattering times of 2.5 ps deduced for Sb2Te3 corresponds to a mean-fee path of 0.75 μm in real space.


The chronic pain of the fibromyalgia type, frequent in the feminine gender of productive age, is transformed into a discourse detached from
what the patient manifests during an interview in the medical consultation. This discourse aims to justify its separation from the work environment.
We ask ourselves about the reasons that can influence their decision making with a view to the labor perception and the philosophical aspects related
to the decision making. We find the subject of Foucault constituted by the relations of the structure, which before the exaltation of his feelings, is able to make the decision
to look at other possibilities, while a concordance with those indicated in the neuroscience of Damasio, That proclaims the original foundation in the
feelings for the decision making.


Cognitive linguistics describes language as the perception of human cognitive abilities and views it as a tool for organizing, processing, and conveying information and also the intellectual representation of the universe. Since the basis of cognitive linguistics is semantics, metaphor is viewed as one of the most focal points of study in this approach, and attention to it can be considered as the most prominent development in cognitive linguistics, because cognitive metaphor is not just a figure of speech to decorate discourse, but it is the understanding and experience of an abstract conceptual field in the form of another conceptual domain that is usually more tangible.
Using a cognitive linguistic approach based on nine conceptual metaphor hypotheses, the present research studies the conceptual analysis of all the metaphors of the world in the field of animal in Nahj al-Balaghah.
The most significant findings of this study are:

Contrary to the belief of Kövecses excluding the personification only to giving human features to abstract concepts, there are metaphors where animal characteristics are given to non-human phenomena. Therefore, animism includes both personification and animalification.
Some of the animalistic features are linked with the abstract concept of the world, and this connection is linguistically unconventional. What improves such an unconventional company is the extension of meaning. This helps the mind to attribute some of the animal's characteristics to an abstract field that lacks those features based on several cognitive mappings.


I study the impact of introducing competitive bidding in a health care market on the price and utilization of health care services. I focus on the Medicare durable medical equipment (DME) sector, an important but understudied health care sector that is used by one quarter of Medicare enrollees. Since 2011, competitive bidding has been introduced among Medicare DME suppliers to determine procurement prices for over 300 DME items in 100 metropolitan statistical areas, while suppliers in other markets continue to receive administratively-set prices. Exploiting the variation in pricing rules across MSAs over time, I estimate that the introduction of competitive bidding reduced Medicare spending for the covered items by 46%. The reduced spending is attributable to a 36% reduction in average price, and a 11% reduction in quantity, which I measure by the share of beneficiaries using the covered items. Due to features of the auction design, the market would not reach its competitive equilibrium; in fact, these results suggest that the market has moved from having excess supply to having excess demand. Several pieces of evidence suggest that, under this Medicare-created situation of excess demand, the allocation of DME does not appear consistent with what one might expect from an efficient allocation. ∗Email address: email@example.com. I am deeply grateful to my advisors, Amy Finkelstein and David Cutler, for their guidance and support throughout this project. I would also like to thank Tim Layton, Grace McCormack, Joseph Newhouse, Daniel Prinz, Mark Shepard, Zirui Song, and participants at the Harvard Department of Health Care Policy Research Seminar, Harvard Health Economics Tea, Harvard Health Economics Working Group, and MIT Public Finance Lunch Seminar for their helpful comments.


A dynamic threshold sharing scheme is one that allows the set of participants to expand and contract. In this work we discuss dynamic threshold decryption schemes using bilinear pairing. We discuss and analyze existing schemes, demonstrate an attack and construct a significantly more efficient secure scheme.


The invention is concerned with the use of oligonucleotide analogs that contain specifically modified DNA bases to be used in hybridization of nucleic acids, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and siRNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi).


This paper presents a meeting diarization system that estimates who spoke when in a meeting, especially if there is a speaker position change. Our previous system utilized solely the direction of arrival (DOA) information for meeting diarization. Therefore, when someone moves from one place to another, our previous system mistakes the utterances from second place for another person's utterances. In order to handle such a speaker position change in a meeting, this paper tries to combine DOA information and Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based speaker identification (SI). First, relying on the DOA information, we cluster the recorded meeting into segments. Several segments coming from the same DOA are utilized to construct GMMs for the Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) for each speaker. The diarization result is obtained by evaluating every segment clustered by DOA against all speaker models. We obtained encouraging results for simulated meetings with a measured room impulse response and a recorded meeting, where the reverberation time of the room was about 350 ms.


Ensuring food safety of the quality of sold products is one of the urgent problems of the wine industry. The trend of falsification of well-known brands of domestic and imported wines is a characteristic feature of the modern market of wine products. Known methodological bases for assessing the quality of wine products in most cases do not have the potential to recognize many modern «technological solutions». To solve this problem an analytical method can be proposed on modern equipment "FTIR BACCHUS 3". This analyzer allows you to determine the chemical substances and the range characteristics of these substances. This method has been chosen for the identification of wine samples and not by chance, when using it, the analysis time is significantly reduced, and the range of chemical elements determined by the analyzer is quite wide, and reagents are not needed for this equipment. The method does not require preliminary preparation of samples; it is also quite new, not popular in Russia. The article presents a comparative review of classical wine identification methods. The presented material indicates the relevance of creating a database on the chemical composition of wines that determine their authenticity using new instrumental techniques. The proposed multi-parameter wine analyzer FTIR BACCHUS 3 is a system for the analysis of worts and wines using chemometric methods, based on the acquisition of the mid-IR spectrum (FTIR). The method is based on chemometrics, i.e. obtaining chemical data using mathematical methods of data processing and extraction, which will increase the reliability of assessing the authenticity and place of origin of wine products.


The stomachs of 162 (89%) of 183 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) collected in the area of Guelph, Ontario, between September 1973 and August 1974 were infected with Physaloptera maxillaris. Adult worms were most abundant in midsummer (June–July) and rare in winter (December–March). Third-stage larvae were most abundant in late fall and midwinter (October–January) and least abundant in midsummer (June–July). Fourth-stage larvae were most abundant in spring (April–May) and least abundant in early fall (August–September). It is suggested that adults appear mainly when skunk are feeding regularly in spring and midsummer. Third-stage larvae acquired in late summer and fall fail to develop (probably because of inadequate food consumption by skunk) and persist over the winter. In spring when skunk start to feed again, overwintering larvae grow into adults and initiate the annual cycle in skunk and intermediate hosts.


This paper focuses on the realistic fire behavior of floor systems. An analytical approach based on the finite element method was used to model and analyze the composite floor system of a 10 story office building. A set of nonlinear analyzes were performed to evaluate the behavior of unprotected floor systems subjected to realistic design fires at three different locations, i.e., corner, exterior, and interior compartments. The results show that primary and secondary beams undergo large structural deformations and develop large axial forces at the beam ends during the heating and cooling phases of the fire. These axial forces are greater than the tension capacities of the beam end shear connections at ambient and elevated temperatures. This leads to the need for structural fuse elements that can limit the axial force transfer to the beam shear connections.


Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability and death. Stroke recovery outcomes range from functional impairment to disability. This study was designed to compare the recovery results of stroke patients treated with fluoxetine to those treated with placebo. Review Summary: Seventeen randomized clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until June 2021. Fluoxetine enhances the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score [mean difference (MD)=−0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.19 to −0.15)] and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) score [MD=17.36, 95% CI (12.12-22.61)] at the 3-month follow up. However, the NIHSS score showed no significant difference between the 2 groups at 2 weeks [MD=−0.32, 95% CI (−0.72 to 0.07)] or at 6 months [MD=−0.17, 95% CI (−0.47 to 0.14)]. Fluoxetine-treated and placebo-treated patients had the same overall impact on FMMS scores at 1 month (P=0.41). Barthel index showed no significant difference between the 2 arms at 3 months (P=0.21) or 6 months (P=0.68). Fluoxetine-treated patients were at a higher risk of broken bone [risk ratios (RR)=2.30, 95% CI (1.59-3.32)] and hyponatremia [RR=2.12, 95% CI (1.19-3.76)], and at lower risk of new depression [RR=0.72, 95% CI (0.61-0.84)] in comparison with placebo. Conclusion: The efficacy of fluoxetine on the NIHSS and FMMS is likely to take time to emerge and is expected to be transient. The Barthel index score did not differ between the fluoxetine and placebo groups. The use of fluoxetine increased the incidence of hyponatremia and bone fractures while decreasing the risk of new-onset depression.


The effect of mid-range volatility of motor gasoline on warm-up performance of modern Japanese cars was investigated in an all weather chassis dynamometer room, using six late model cars and twelve fuels of different volatility. The warm-up performance of cars and fuels was evaluated in terms of the time required to completely warm-up (warm-up time), the carknock disappearing time and the numerical driveability demerit rating. The warm-up performance was considerably different with different cars tested. Car with a rotary engine performed best. The warm-up performance correlated well with the 30% and 50% evaporated temperatures of a fuel. Also, the warm-up time was best correlated with 50% evaporated temperature, and the carknock disappearing time and driveability demerit were related best to 30% evaporated temperature.


By analysis of features of the magnetic field of an underwater ferrous object and comparing it with the results in a magnetic detection test,the article finds that there around a ferrous object exists a characteristic magnetic field plane which may have potential value in use.The existence of the characteristic plane is important to marine magnetic detection.


Integration of humans into society as the full members of it is to take active part in social activities, but not for all people it is possible due to physical barriers that limit integration. People, who are facing different environment related obstacles - integration problems, are people with disabilities, elderly, mothers with small children and prams. Successful integration is based on adapted environment that is based on principles of the universal design. Public transport is an important resource of integration, therefore it is important to ascertain its availability. In order to ascertain the views of the universal design principles about providing public transport services, the study has been carried out. The aim of the study was to examine implementation of the universal design principles in accessibility of public transport services.


The invention provides a method for keeping clustering network management devices alive step by step. The method comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining a topological relation between the devices; (2) detecting whether the devices are online or not through a keeping-alive mechanism by the clustering devices, wherein each device is kept alive by a direct uplink device and itself, and the keeping-alive mechanism is achieved due to the fact that keeping-alive messages are periodically sent between the devices. When the direct uplink device of one device does not receive the keeping-alive messages of the device within a keeping-alive period, keeping of the aliveness of the device fails, the direct uplink device of the device informs a clustering proxy device that the device is offline, after receiving the information that the device is offline, the clustering proxy device sets the clustering status of the device which is maintained by the clustering proxy device and a downlink device (if the device is provided with the downlink device) of the device to be offline. Considered from the load sharing, the method for keeping the clustering network management devices alive step by step has the obvious advantages that each clustering device is kept alive by itself and the uplink device which is directly connected with the device, and therefore the loads of the clustering proxy devices are relieved.


In recent studies, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is one of the popular schemes to augment the image dataset. However, in our study we find the generator G in the GAN fails to generate numerical data in lower-dimensional spaces, and we address overfitting in the generation. By analyzing the Directed Graphical Model (DGM), we propose a theoretical restraint, independence on the loss function, to suppress the overfitting. Practically, as the Statically Restrained GAN (SRGAN) and Dynamically Restrained GAN (DRGAN), two frameworks are proposed to employ the theoretical restraint to the network structure. In the static structure, we predefined a pair of particular network topologies of G and D as the restraint, and quantify such restraint by the interpretable metric Similarity of the Restraint (SR). While for DRGAN we design an adjustable dropout module for the restraint function. In the widely carried out 20 group experiments, on four public numerical class imbalance datasets and five classifiers, the static and dynamic methods together produce the best augmentation results of 19 from 20; and both two methods simultaneously generate 14 of 20 groups of the top-2 best, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical restraints.


This paper aims to overview the status quo of IT industry and its SWOT analysis, and to analyze the export competitiveness of Korean IT industry with...


We enlist the simulated intelligence of technology in the making of art. It is a natural collaboration to most of us, we who share a world with digital dopplegangers, autonomous agents and robots. It may be natural, but there is a leap here from the use of technology to carry out the express intention of the artist to technology that collaborates with that intention. Prior to digital (computer) technology, the implements of art may have constrained creation, but they did not decide it. That is, printing presses, ink, chisel and marble, the range and tone of musical instruments-all these determined a universe of possibilities for the artist, but did not choose among the possibilities. Computers can and do choose-within the constraints imposed by humans. The roles are reversed. I do not mean to exaggerate: humans often reserve the right to throw away the computers' product, and so impose their aesthetic judgment. If the artist does not impose that judgment, then producers, publishers and curators will. But the fact remains: software produces luscious music and poetry. Brian Eno has software perform for him as he "writes" his own music-and he told an audience last year that the computer's music can be as good as his "own." The simplest use of a computer to make pictures implicates the collaboration of the machines. The apparent serendipity of line, color and texture, the sight of multiple layers of transparent and opaque colors, are provided by the computer; software can even create a work in the style of Matisse, Monet or van Gogh.


In order to explore the potential of tara ( Caesalpinia spinosa ) and camu camu ( Myrciaria dubia ) to develop natural sunscreen and anti-aging products...


Three different short-chained carboxylic acids, formic, acetic, and propionic acid, were compared as additives to increase the green strength of wet particle networks produced with the direct coagulation casting process, which allows the internal coagulation of a suspension. Small acid additions do not alter the favorable low viscosity of the stabilized slurry, and yet increase the compressive strength of wet coagulated bodies. The strengthening effect increases with increasing chain length of the carboxylic acid. The maximum effect was observed upon addition of propionic acid (0.3 wt% to alumina), which resulted in a six-fold increase in compressive strength of wet coagulated bodies compared with that without propionic acid.


The Thanetian II calcarenite (tuffeau) from the Moulin Compense chalk pit near Châlons-sur-Vesle (Reims area) yielded for the first time calcareous nannofossils indicative of the biozone NP6 for the lower leves, and of the NP8 upper part for the upper level. A hiatus marked by an erosional surface is observed in between, corresponding to the NP7 and lowere part of the NP8. Thus, the biostratigraphical subdivision does not coincide with the lithological one. The superposition of two sequences on the tuffeau shows that the Paris Basin has been submerged by two successive transgressions during the Thanetian. The recognition of the NP6 in the Thanetian makes questionable the newly proposed intercalation of the Selandian between Danian and Thanetian


This study explores the possibilities for open data as a knowledge governance mechanism that could benefit environmental management in South Africa. The authors consider the potential benefits of open data in support of public participatory governance modalities, and the legislative frameworks and Constitutional Court stance in South Africa in support of the right of access to information and proactive disclosure of environmental information. The article also looks at potential barriers to effective use of open data in South Africa. The authors find that effective deployment of open data as a means to support participatory environmental governance will require a dedicated South African open data legal instrument, as well as political will to compile the necessary data, and steps to ensure meaningful citizen data access and use.


Motivated by the policy trend of exposing European Union farmers to more market risk by reducing price support, this paper evaluates the compensation required by EU cereal growers to accept the complete removal of price support. Additional considerations are whether this policy change also includes the removal of set‐aside, or features only a partial removal of price support. A model is developed which captures the main on‐ and off‐farm factors influencing grower perceptions of the impact of this policy change. This model is subjected to a numerical analysis which shows that divergent assessments of the expected profitability of releasing to production land previously set‐aside mean growers are unlikely to agree whether compensation is even required. It is concluded that the retention of set‐aside for environmental purposes is likely to mean growers are more united in their perception of the need for, and amount of, compensation to accept the removal of price support.


The manuscript "Assessing London CO2, CH4 and CO emissions using aircraft measurements and dispersion modelling" by Pitt et al. uses an aircraft atmospheric measurement campaign to estimate the CO2, CH4 and CO emissions from the Greater London area. They propose a new approach to estimate these emissions from the airborne concentration and wind measurements and they compare the results from this new approach to that from the more traditional mass balance technique. Their results seem to indicate that the mass balance approach suffers from the lack of knowledge on the footprint of the corresponding flux computation when the targeted source is not isolated. In contrast, their new approach takes advantage of atmospheric transport simulations to better connect the fluxes computed along the aircraft transects to the


PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the underlying boundary conditions under which boundary-spanning behaviour has a positive or negative effect on innovative behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA multi-wave and multi-source research design was adopted to collect data. Data were analysed using the multilevel structural equation modelling and latent moderated structural equation approach.FindingsThe results showed that boundary-spanning behaviour was significantly and negatively associated with employees' innovative behaviour via ego depletion when employees' intrinsic motivation or organisational support was low. Additionally, boundary-spanning behaviour was significantly and positively associated with employees' innovative behaviour via ego depletion when employees' intrinsic motivation or organisational support was high.Originality/valueThis research suggests that the consequences of boundary-spanning behaviour are conditional, explaining the contrasting conclusions in this regard.


A.N.D.I. (A New Digital Instrument), an open source software project, has objective to develop a run-time environment with the focus on the applications for the networked international and cross-disciplinary production in the creative sphere of architecture, urban planning, design and net.art. It is a digital environment which opens up possibilities to generate advanced projects in a networked society. This new working tool will increase the creativity, productivity and competitiveness of the involved actors by drawing upon and developing technologies for virtual, augmented and mixed realities. A.N.D.I. has two basic aspects. On the one hand it is a database-driven collaborative environment and on the other hand it will enable the development of future software and tools for networked creative collaboration. 1. Project Objective In order to think and even practise new type of architecture, new instruments are needed. The existing software is insufficient and in most cases not even programmed for a new vision of architectural space. Secondly, the code of architecture, its alphabet, needs to be changed! In order to be able to change it, we will have to liberate it first and then make it accessible publicly. Open source architecture, the development and use of A.N.D.I., is definitely the most immanent innovative future scenario and will change the situation significantly. This working method will make possible a new generation of projects. It is an operating system based on the Internet which works interdisciplinary and internationally during each architectural or art project to solve complex urban, sociological and architectural problems, to increase the creative dimension of projects, and to improve communication during the process of conception, designing, planning, production and realization of projects. Again, the only way to define new architectural strategies and thus bring about decisive changes in architectural practice is to change the "architectural code". In order to enable a discourse that is all-embracing, comprehensive and sufficiently complex, this source code needs to be open and free. Then it will be possible to win 210 IVAN REDI, ANDREA REDI over a large community for actively discussing relevant topics in forums and to motivate them to be highly involved in the creative processes. A.N.D.I. has two basic features. On the one hand it is a database-driven collaborative environment and on the other hand it will enable the development of future software and tools for networked creative collaboration. Initially, "A.N.D.I." will address a group of people and partners who are highly motivated and looking for individual ways of participating and intervening in their local and global urban situations. The main actors will be architects, urban planners, net artists, sociologists, media theorists, technology partners and developers, economy experts, production firms, service companies, and last but not least— clients. The ultimate objective and our vision will be to bring all those users together and create the virtual working space for the projects in their first creative conceptual phase. The first steps in this direction are as follows: improved communication between the user and the developer, as well as the generation of complex systems of parametrical procedural decisions. The changes of architectural production are linked to changes in thinking about architecture and architectural practice. A work will no longer be an expression of a single individual; it is an expression of the collective. More—it is an expression of a platform—one of a network of influences which are continuously being reorganized by all the participants involved. 2. Theoretical background The focus is on visualization of the hyper surface matrix, which defines new paradigms for architecture, video art, electronic music, and networked collaboration. The meaning lies in this state of flux, in the topological flow of data based on action design. "Action Design®" is inspired by the Action Painting—a style of abstract painting that uses techniques such as the dribbling or splashing of paint to achieve a spontaneous effect. In Action Painting the canvas is the arena in which the artist acts. The action of painting becomes a moment in the biography of the artist-the canvas becomes the record of the event. The arena for the networked action design is the Hypersurface. A collaborative input over network is described by the design diagram and is manipulated just-intime (live/synchronic). The input can be: images/stills, video clips (footage), audio sequences, MIDI signals which are synthesized together. A.N.D.I. A NEW DIGITAL INSTRUMENT 211 2.1. DIFFUSE DENSITY THEORY The traditional coordinate system has X-, Yand Z-axis. The diffuse coordinate system is based on the single node, which represents the centre of the specific "node cloud". Apart from the Euclidian space that is 3-dimensionsional, this INFOSPACE is endlessly n-dimensional and therefore non-dimensional. It is not defined by the coordinates but by the density of the information. The node is the smallest part of the Networked Sequencer, and it can be seen as one neuron—a basic element of the neural network. Its properties also include the functions for the relationships of the information. Every node is actually at the centre of the system all the time and its axis are building endless spatial construct. The diffuse density system is based on the single node, as the centre of it, information vector and the relative distance. Since the vector can have any possible angle absolute to the certain reference coordinates and therefore we can assume endless numbers of directions, we can speak of diffuse information source. The relative distance is connected to the fuzzy logic of the information relationships: between clear and blurry condition. The node cloud is the high density information condition for more nodes around one node. The node clouds are not stable and they are changing all the time, as the representation of the actual Point-of-View, since the dependencies of the node's relationships are permanently changing with the project's progress. For every creative process, the directions will be separately defined. 2.2. SYSTEM HEIRARCHY The matrix of the hypersurface can be also seen as an endless plateau, with the primary function of representation of knowledge links. This is a network of the connected events. One event is a certain condition of the connected nodes and the state of their relationship. Selected events and its content (data) are defining INFOSPACE and its result can be transferred through the specific interface from AWSP (Active Work Server Pages) to the Project Development (Virtual Office) part. The organization of the design framework, as a support for the "active design", is based on hierarchy of 3 categories (top to bottom): 2.2.1. Event Events are the temporary system conditions, which are happening through the modifications done by the user through its various synthesized processes. The relationships of the nodes and their interaction define an event. The conditions of the events are based on the various outputs from the sequence synthesizer. These outputs are event results. An event is the result of the creative process through one collaborative session. The event conditions are the highest organizational level. 212 IVAN REDI, ANDREA REDI 2.2.2. Synthesizer The synthesizer is a processor for the sequences. Sequences brought together and filtered are defining one synthesizer's input. They are application modules created or customized by the user, and can be defined by the system's supplied visual tools for modelling synthesizer behaviour. One sequence is a group of nodes, no matter if those are connected in any form (e.g. node cloud). The node grouping is necessary before the nodes can be used by the synthesizer (filter for grouping and handling nodes). Events are the output of the synthesizer. 2.2.3. Node Node is a system's atom and represents one file (MIME) type with connection to the actual physical files. Original node is created by the user. Under certain event conditions it is possible that the system generates the new node connections and relationships. So let us imagine an endless table (represented in the system with Linger Plateau), as example active work world with user avatars, where we have all the information and links to data needed for the work—mixed media. We call this space INFOSPACE. The next step would be to see this environment as an on-line platform in the collaborative network—"live work", accessible from any place on the world where the Internet connection is existing. 2.3. INTELLIGENCE OF NETWORKED CREATIVE COLLABORATION Network of relationship configures itself through learning by the user's actions of one collaborative group and self-organizing maps where the system recognizes the possible connections to any input existing in the system. Actions are depended on his interests in specific directions. The semantic content of the node is not as important as the relative behaviour to the other nodes. System provides the relationships from one point of view, provides proposal of possible relationships made by other users of the creative group, information of all similar working groups and their relationships in the system. With every input impulse the system learns. By bringing the new node to the existing direction or to a new direction, the meaning and its impact will be calculated. These introduce the new alphabet of visual descriptive language. This is based on two parameters: system sensitivity and system deepness.


Let X(1),⋯,X(k),X(k+1) be random variables that take nonnegative integer values and let (∗) ∑(i,1,k+1)X(i)=n. The joint distribution of the first k variables is given by the probability function p(x(1),⋯,x(k))=P(X(1)=x(1),⋯,X(k)=x(k)). A truncation of the component X(i) of the vector X=(X(1),⋯,X(k)) is defined by the constraint b(i)≤X(i)≤n, where b(i) is a positive integer. The author obtains an expression for the probability function p∗(x(1),⋯,x(t),x(t+1),⋯,x(k)) of the vector X∗, which is obtained by truncating the first t components of the vector X (in view of (∗), the set of possible values of the remaining components also narrows). As an application he considers an urn scheme that reduces to a multivariate (in particular, truncated) Polya distribution. This work supplements the author's previous paper


2http://www.ogsadai.org.uk Summary Management of the cerebral aneurysm can be improved by establishing an IT infrastructure capable of integrating all available knowledge related to the disease. This paper presents the infrastructure implemented at the University Hospital of Geneva to support the @neurIST project. The infrastructure permits sharing of patient data stored in the clinical information system for secondary use and integration of the results derived. The requirements, basic functionalities and security aspect relating to patient privacy and clinical information system security are presented. Its main advantages are reusability, scalability and lower maintenance cost while safeguarding patient privacy and clinical information system security.


Solar energy is the only renewable-energy source that could supplant fossil fuels. However, despite recent cost reductions, using solar cells to generate electricity is two to four times more expensive than use of fossil fuels. Electricity-generating systems based on solar cells need to be improved to compete with grid power. In particular, cost reductions have to be applied to the overall systems, assembly of photovoltaics (PV) modules, and manufacturing of solar cells. There are three traditional approaches to solar PV fabrication. The dominant technology uses crystalline-silicon wafers to make solar cells that are 180 to 200 m thick and approximately six inches across. They are then assembled, electrically connected, and encapsulated to make the PV modules that comprise around 80% of the current PV market. An alternative approach employs thin-film PV technology, which uses materials such as cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide, and amorphous silicon. Solar cells made with this latter technology are less efficient, cheaper, and easier to manufacture than crystalline-silicon devices. Finally, concentrated PV technologies employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells. They use concentration ratios of up to 1000 , which reduces costs by reducing the amount of semiconductor material used. Overall, however, solar systems that use concentrated PV technologies are more expensive than their thin-film and crystalline-silicon counterparts. The accurate solar trackers, required to keep PV modules pointed toward the sun, significantly increase costs. We are using microsystems technology to explore a new approach to solar-power generation that takes advantage of traditional PV areas, while simultaneously eliminating many of the associated challenges. Successful microsystems applications enable desirable microscale properties that could not be achieved using macroscale approaches. A classic example are integrated circuits, which Figure 1. (A) 20 m-thick, 500 m-diameter silicon solar cells in a vial of isopropyl alcohol. (B) Scanning-electron-microscopy image of a 20 m-thick, 250 m-diameter crystalline-silicon cell.5


Y chromosome molecular genetic diversity is an important tool for tracing animal origin,domestication history and migrating routines and it can also be used to analyze the paternal genetic diversity of a certain population or investigate the male-mediated introgression between populations.Y chromosome haplotype diversity can be revealed by Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism(Y-SNP) and Y chromosome microsatellite(Y-STR) respectively or by combination of these two kinds of markers together to obtain more specific Y chromosome haplotypes.Cattle have three paternal origins(Y1,Y2 in Bos taurus and Y3 in Bos indicus) which can be distinguished by Y-SNP markers,while the abundant specific haplotypes in Y1,Y2 and Y3 haplogroup respectively can be further identified by using Y-STR markers.This paper reviewed the research progress on cattle Y chromosome diversity and paternal origins in China and other foreign countries.


Overall urban-rural development is the core task of Chengdu-Chongqing Experimental Zone.After making comprehensive quantitative analysis and evaluation on overall urban-rural development level of Chengdu during 2001-2005,this paper finds that overall urban-rural development level of 19 districts and counties of Chengdu City shows a center-outward gradient distribution and that the economic status of each district and county which belong to developed urban economic circle shows rising trends and that the economic status of each district and county which are far from main city is relatively declining and that the districts and counties which have relatively big declining range are Longquanyi District,Qingbaijiang District,Pixian County,Pujiang County and Chongzhou Municipality.


This brief investigates formation tracking of second-order multi-agent systems with multiple leaders on a directed communication topology based on sampled data. Specifically, with communication among agents only occurring at discrete instants, a formation control protocol based on sampled information is proposed to reduce communication consumption. Then, a sufficient condition regarding the sampling period and the gain is derived to guarantee that the followers ultimately achieve the desired formation, the reference function of the followers is in the convex hull formed by the leaders, and the velocities of all agents asymptotically reach the desired one. Finally, simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical result.


Literature about Hemingway's writing style has been fully explored in the past 80 years, while his style has not yet been well probed into from the perspective of corpus-based stylistics. This paper focuses on the analysis of his writing style as a news reporter and as a literary writer in order to investigate whether there exists some links between the two or whether his training as a reporter has any effect on his writing as fiction writer. By employing a corpus-based stylistic approach, the paper analyzes in great details Hemingway's early news writing in Kansas City Star (1917-1918) and his later fiction writing in the novella The Old Man and the Sea (1952). The stylistic features at lexical level are explored quantitatively in both writings via statistical data. The paper concludes that Hemingway's writing style has his own heritage. The style in his early news articles does find its way into his later fiction writing. There do exist certain similarities in the choices of lexical items and phrasal expressions. It also indicates that a further exploration on their syntactic, rhetorical, and discourse levels is needed if a fuller picture of Hemingway's writing style is to be unveiled.


One or both putamen of human in need of treatment for Parkinson's disease, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is chronically administered directly, a method of treating a human Parkinson's disease is disclosed. In one aspect of the present invention, GDNF, through one or more intraparenchymal brain indwelling catheter connected to the implantable pump, it is injected directly into the putamen of one or both.


Atthe international conference meeting, a conference interpreter plays a crucial role. He/she is not only a professional linguist, but also a communication expert, which is proved by research of G.Mounin, D.Seleskovitch,andM.Lederer.
The competences of a conference interpreter are a subject of key scientific discussion.By analysing of international stakeholders' activities in the conference interpreting field, we provide a system approach to the profession standards, which can become a basis for the prospective national field standards.The AIIC was the first to elaborate the profession standards. An interpreter is supposed to master the necessary terminology, to understand implied intention and hidden senses.The ISO has already introduced several standards for interpreting.Separate standards were introduced for the interpreting itself, technical requirements of conference interpreting, legal interpreting, and community interpreting. In Germany, specific regulation of information protection and confidentiality has been recently introduced. Around the world, interpreters tend to self-organise in order to lobby professional interests and to guarantee proper quality of service.New technologies introduce changes to the interpreter profession.Nowadays, distant conference interpreting is available when an interpreter is not actually present in the meeting room.A conference interpreter has to undergo a process of selection, to be fluent in his/her working languages, and to possess a number of psychological, physical and personal qualities necessary for effective communication.


The mammalian cellular response to ionizing radiation results in delays in progression through the cell cycle at several checkpoints and includes alterations in the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. The product of the CDC2 gene is a key kinase involved in cell cycle progression. The signaling events that regulate its expression after exposure to DNA-damaging agents are not known. We show that cdc2 mRNA and protein are down-regulated after irradiation of normal human and mouse fibroblasts with doses as low as 0.5 Gy. This down-regulation is preceded by induction of p53 and p21W8fl proteins. In human cells in which p53 was nonfunctional and in p53/ or p21 / mouse embryo fibroblasts, no effect of ionizing radiation on p34 expression levels was observed. These findings indicate that CDC2 down-regulation after irradiation is p53-dependent and involves the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p2lw as a negative factor in the control of CDC2 expression. Correspondence between the delay in initiation of DNA synthesis in irradiated cells and the down-regulation of CDC2 is described. Introduction Reversible, dose-dependent delays at one or more points in the progression of irradiated cells through the cell cycle have been found in a wide variety of mammalian cells (reviewed in Ref. 1). Such arrests have been hypothesized to provide more time for repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Failure to repair such damage before replication of DNA and mttosis may result in cell death or segregation of DNA lesions that can initiate or contribute to the development of cancer cells. Knowledge of how the activity of genes involved in cell cycle control is regulated by exposure to lR3 is critical to understandReceived 2/1 1/97; revised 7/29/97; accepted 9/5/97. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article musttherefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 Supported by NIH Research Grant CA-47542 and Center Grant ES00002. 5. M. d. T. was supported by the CANDU Owners Group. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Laboratory of Radiobiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 021 15. Phone: (617 432-1 184; Fax: (617) 432-0107; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 The abbreviations used are: IR, ionizing radiation; RT-PCR, reverse ing the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cell cycle delays. Previous investigations have described alterations in irradiated cells of the expression patterns and activity of several key cell cycle regulators (2-4). In mammalian cells, the accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein, predominantly by posttranslational mechanisms, in response to DNA damage has been shown to be critical for the regulation of the G1 checkpoint and apoptosis (5-7). Irradiated human dipbid fibroblasts with mutated or abrogated p53 function and irradiated MEFs in which the p53 or p21 genes were deleted showed neither the G1 arrest nor the sensitivity to radiationinduced reproductive failure as measured by clonogenic survival (8-1 1). The p53-dependent G1 arrest caused by IR has been correlated with inactivation of cyclin E-Cdk2 and cyclin A-cdk2 kinases (3), accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (3, 12), and suppression of E2F activity (13). The inactivation of cyclin-cdk kinase complexes that control entry into S phase is mediated, at least in part, by binding of the p53-inducible inhibitor p21Wafl to the complex (reviewed in Ref. 14). The cdc2 protein kinase is thought to be an essential cell cycle regulator of all eukaryotic cells (15). In yeasts, p34cdc2/cdc28 through the association with distinct cyclins, activates entry into both S phase and mitosis (16). In mammalian cells, the cdc2 protein complexes with cyclin B and is essential for the G2-Mphase transition. Whereas 34cdc2 is present at a steady-state level during the cycle of continuously proliferating cells such as HeLa (1 7), it is induced with different kinetics during the stimulation of various quiescent cell types (18-20). After exposure of human tumor and diploid cells to IR, changes in cdc2 activity have been observed and were found to be associated with altered patterns of phosphorylation ofthe cdc2 protein (21-26). Recently, studies with human pre-B leukemia cells have shown that IR promotes the physical interactions between p34 and the Src family protein-tyrosine kinase Lyn in the cytoplasm of the irradiated cells, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 (27). Also, radiation-induced binding of p34 to p56/ p53 Yn kinase that was associated with inhibition of cdc2 activity has been reported in nuclear lysates of HL6O cells (28). The involvement of p34cdc2 in the control of G1-S-phase transition is unclear and is a matter of debate (18, 29-31). Also, the regulation of cdc2 mRNA and protein levels after exposure of normal human cells to IA is unknown. To better understand the biochemical events involved in DNA damage checkpoints, we examined in the present investigation the relationship between p53 expression and cdc2 regulation in irradiated normal human diploid fibroblasts synchronized in G0-G1 by density inhibition of growth and in human fibroblasts in which p53 is mutated or its expression is abrogated Li-Fraumeni (1264) A AG1521


On 26 September 1997 the Umbria-Marche area of Central Italy was shaken by two severe earthquakes of 5.6 and 5.8 local magnitude. On 14 October 1997 the same area experienced another earthquake of similar magnitude. Following the main shocks we performed field surveys to map landslides triggered by the earthquakes, and to determine the main landslide types, and whether there was a relationship between pre-existing landslide deposits and the seismically induced failures. Information collected at 220 sites revealed that most of the fractures were related to the presence of human structures, and that landslides were mostly rock falls, minor rock-slides and topples. We mapped new fractures in a few pre-existing landslide deposits, but no major landslide was reactivated to the point of catastrophic failure. For an area of about 900 km 2 located around the earthquake epicentres, standard photo-geological techniques and field surveys enabled us to prepare a detailed map of surface deposits, showing landslides, alluvial fans and other types of debris. A geographical database including all the available information was prepared to investigate the relationship between co-seismic landslides and fractures and the distribution of surface deposits, including landslides.


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Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of a psychomotor program to improve inattention and to control impulsivity of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods/Statistical Analysis: For this purpose, 12 children with 100 or more ADHD index were selected among a group of children referred by elementary school teachers as a result of the Advanced Test of Attention and 20 sessions of psychomotor program was applied, 90 minutes per week. The data was comparatively analyzed by processing the pre- and post-test means of sub factors of the Advanced Test of Attention's visual and auditory tests through a t-test. Findings: The following are the findings of the analysis of results on how the psychomotor program affects ADHD children's attentiveness: first, the psychomotor program improved the inattention of children with ADHD. It is the means inattention index of children with ADHD who participated in the psychomotor program showed a significant change. There was a meaningful improvement in their visual attention. Second, the impulsivity control ability of the children who participated in the psychomotor program improved statistically significantly in both the visual and the auditory areas the psychomotor program was found to affect the impulsivity control of children with ADHD. Third, the mean response time of children who participated in the psychomotor program did not show a significant change. Fourth, the standard deviation of response time of children who participated in the psychomotor program did not show a statistically significant difference. Application/Improvements: The following suggestions are made for follow-up studies based on the findings of this study. Although generalization was limited due to the limited number of subjects, constant case study would contribute to resolving the problems related to the inattention and impulsivity of children with ADHD.


Chaihu Shugan San (CHSGS) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is often used in clinical practice to treat live Qi stagnation syndrome and depression. Fluoxetine is one of the commonly used drugs for the clinical treatment of depression. This study involved a comparison of CHSGS and fluoxetine on antidepression and regulating blood rheology effects with chronic restraint stress- (CRS-) induced depression rat models. Rats were induced depression models by CRS for 4 weeks. Upon successful induction of depression in the rats, the animal was administered CHSGS at 0.6 g/kg/d, 1.2 g/kg/d, or fluoxetine 1.8 mg/kg/d to corresponding groups by gavage for 2 weeks. The changes of CRS rats were determined by behavior observations and sucrose preference test and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis functional status. The changes in monoamine neurotransmitters and related indicators of blood status were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), blood rheometer, and other methods. The outcome shows that CHSGS is superior to fluoxetine in regulating the appearance and HPA axis function of model rats. In addition, CHSGS and fluoxetine have similar effects in improving blood rheology, and both can alleviate the hypercoagulable state of blood via the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) pathway in rats of depression. It was also observed that CHSGS can improve the blood state of depressed rats by restoring liver coagulation-anticoagulation balance and endothelium-related functions.