The Hungarian economy was based on central planning for several decades and in comparison with the dominance of the great organizations that consisted of many smaller units, the role of small-sized enterprises was marginal. The change in the political climate involved recognition of and belief in entrepreneurship and the new legal system increased the opportunity for setting up new enterprises established on private and joint capital. Nevertheless, the changes in the organizational system of companies within the national economy appear to concentrate in time and territory in Northern Hungary. Increasing unemployment inspires the start of numerous enterprises even when the experience of entrepreneurship is missing and, in addition, the inclination towards it. This may result in difficulties and danger and a study of North Hungarian small businesses is therefore useful. The aim of this research is to examine the position of SMEs in the North Hungarian industrial area, concentrating on questions that can not...


Put forward an arrangement desigining mathematic model of porduction equipment based on fuzzy optimizing theroy.At the same time the feasibility of its theory is verified through the experiment.


This article deals with the issue of creating memes in public urban spaces. The definition of the concept of the point of meaning, the object-symbol, the meme in architecture, their purpose and functions, and the process of their formation is described with the addition of illustrative materials. The article shows the approach of organising temporary public spaces with the help of symbolic objects for the revival of surrounding streets and public spaces, promoting pedestrian movement; this, in turn, can accelerate business activity and attract attention to outdoor life in the surroundings. Theoretical conclusions as well as a proposed project for a meme in the Gran San Blas area, Madrid, Spain to make economically sound changes and saturate the park to turn the neutral existing space into a more welcoming area.


Today the tourism industry is considered as very attractive economic activity. However, among undergraduate tourism students, there are various and often distorted information and opinions regarding the skills that are necessary to acquire during the studies, career development, work opportunities and working conditions. The aim of the paper is to measure students' perceptions and attitudes regarding employment and working conditions in the tourism industry. The study was conducted using a sample of students of the Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjacka Banja, University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The data were collected by a survey, while their analysis and processing were made using The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on this research, a general conclusion about students' attitudes will be reached, also about their satisfaction with practice in the tourism industry during the studies and the connection between theoretical and practical knowledge.


CNC machining has been one of the most reliable, versatile and efficient manufacturing methods having precise production capacity. In order to design and produce complicated surfaces, surface characteristics and cutting parameters play a crucial role. The goal of this paper is to study the effect of 5 different levels of process variables (spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut) using square type cutting tool on surface roughness and residual stress of EN24 in an end-milling machining process. The prediction of surface roughness and residual stress is done by developing a mathematical model on the basis of RSM (Response Surface Methodology) and ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance). Results show that minimum surface roughness and residual stress is obtained at minimum feed rate, minimum depth of cut and medium spindle speed.


Abstract This paper contributes to the literature on the mechanics of change in global economic governance. By synthesising an empirically driven case study with conceptual insights from the existing literature, I highlight three intervening variables that enabled the Legislative Mandates passed by the US Congress in 2009 on the use of social-spending targets (education and health expenditure ring fences) in IMF concessional lending to be rapidly translated into operational change. The intervening variables that stood between US domestic action and rapid operational change are: first, the existence of effective enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance from the US Executive Director with the Mandate; second, preference congruence between other primary principals and the content of the Mandate, and; third, the existence of effective enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance from IMF staff with the principals' collectively-sanctioned goal. The outcome observed – the near universal incorporation of social-spending targets into concessional lending arrangements – adds credence to calls for further empirical work to assess the extent of a post-Washington Consensus transition at the IMF.


This paper reviews the design, completion and production practices associated with miscible phase recovery of oil during enhanced recovery operations. It addresses design and operation of both injectors and production wells, optimization techniques for well and tubing, and artificial lift design and operation. Finally, the article address pressure maintenance, corrosion control and general process control guidelines.


The Library Company of Philadelphia, America's first lending li brary, which was founded by Benjamin Franklin, hosted a conference on "The History of Libraries in the United States" from 11 to 13 April 2002. This invitational conference, organized by Kenneth Carpenter and Thomas Augst, was sponsored by Princeton University; the Center for the Book, Library of Congress; the Gladys Kxieble Delmas Foundation; the Council on Library and Information Resources; and the Bibliographical Society of America. James Green and his colleagues at the Library Company of Philadelphia handled local arrangements and sponsored two receptions for guests. Held at the Radisson Plaza Warwick Hotel in Center City Philadelphia, the conference featured thirty scholars from both the United States and Europe and was at tended by over 150 registrants. Nicholson Baker, the author of Doublefold, opened the conference on Thursday evening, 11 April, with a public lecture at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania on aspects of the post-World War II history of the Library of Congress. One major purpose of the conference was to stimulate new scholar ship about libraries, librarians, and scholars. Although librarians and library historians have developed an impressive body of scholarship over the last several decades, the library has remained largely neglected by the traditional academic disciplines. Recent trends in interdiscipli nary inquiry, especially related to the history of the book, have made this a timely moment to engage a larger audience in the history of libraries. In this spirit, the conference brought together both estab lished and younger scholars from history, literary studies, librarianship, and other fields to explore the complexity of the library as an institu tion and examine the diversity of roles it has played. As the various conference papers and sessions demonstrated, the library is an artifact of our historical landscape that offers unique perspectives on impor tant themes in the development of American culture: the history of leisure and work; the emergence of the professions; the formation of


In the year 1896 Bernard Grenfell presented to his friend Giacomo Lumbroso three small papyri, together with a sheet on which he had written out his own transcription of the texts. These were published from Grenfell's transcription in the following year by Lumbroso as an appendix to a review article of P.Grenf. II.1 They were reprinted some two decades later by Preisigke in Sammelbuch I 5746-5748. In the years that followed, the three papyri disappeared from view, and they were only recently found again among papers given by Lumbroso to the Biblioteca della Societa Economica di Chiavari. These texts have now been published a third time, again from Grenfell's transcription, but with consultation of the originals, by Amelotti and Migliardi, who have included them as Nos. 48-50 in their edition of papyri in the collection of the University of Genoa.2 They have also rendered the great service of providing photographs of the papyri as well as a reproduction of Grenfell's autograph transcription.3 Of the three texts only No. 49 will retain our attention here.4 This papyrus preserves the first nine lines of a letter from a certain Diogenes to his father Stratippus. The new editors have improved Grenfell's transcrip tion at a number of points, but in either version the text presents nothing of importance. The editors, perhaps for this very reason, have devoted the introduction to a statement of their position on a matter which has teased the minds of scholars for over sixty years. Lines 4-6 of the letter have an example of the proskynema formula directed to Sarapis:


The task of HVAC systems is to offset indoor thermal and/or ventilation load. Indoor thermal load can be offset by either convective-dominant way or radiantdominant way. In convective dominant way, system recirculated air is thermally conditioned usually in terms of temperature and humidity. Indoor ventilation load has to be offset by convective dominant way, in which outdoor air is filtered, thermally conditioned and thus it becomes fresh air to dilute indoor pollutants such as CO2. Fresh air and recirculated air can be well mixed and supplied together from ceiling or upper space of indoor environments, which is mixing ventilation. The mixing ventilation system has been most widely used in engineering practice. Without making full use of fresh air, air with mediocre quality is inhaled by human occupants. To avoid energy wastage, thermally conditioned spaces without intensive human occupancy is unnecessary. The use of displacement ventilation was originated from Nordic countries, and this was mainly used in industrial workshops with high headroom. The concept has been used in other types of buildings. Design guidelines for these systems are relatively matured and established, and have been successfully applied in engineering projects. Air is mainly supplied from floor mounted displacement ventilation cylinders at very low velocity. Thermal buoyancy, instead of supply air momentum, is the major driving force to move air upwards from the air reservoir in the floor. Obvious vertical temperature gradient could exist in the indoor displacement ventilated space. However, air duct must be extended and connected with floor mounted displacement ventilation cylinders. Once fresh air and recirculated air are supplied together from displacement ventilation cylinders, large number of displacement ventilation cylinders must be installed to keep enough supply air to outlet area and to maintain a low supply air velocity. For spaces with large spans, hollow pillar or raised access floor must be used as connected air duct in core zones. Under floor air distribution can also achieve displacement mode ventilation by reducing supply air velocity. As a solution, Li presented the principle of vertical wall attached ventilation – the concept of wall attached air supply can be traced back to the early 1980s. The concept of vertical wall attached ventilation was originally named air curtain ventilation, later called attachment ventilation, which is based on the combination of mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation. A mixture of fresh air and recirculated air is first delivered and attached to vertical wall or pillar/column surface and is then moved downwards by the Coanda effect. As the air jet with high momentum approaches the floor, it impinges the corner, and is then separated from the vertical wall or pillar/column surface and reattached to the floor to generate air reservoir. Studies so far, have been mainly on the supply air velocity and the distance between vertical surface and centre of supply air diffuser. Compared with displacement ventilation, similar temperature and velocity fields can be achieved and big supply air flowrate problem can be solved. Therefore, a lot of successful engineering projects have been accomplished in buildings with high space height such as city halls, metro stations and hydro power stations along Yangtze River and Yellow River in China.


The aim of the work – to highlight the conceptual bases of professional training for future masters of sciences in nursing by means of distance education in higher medical educational institutions. The main body. The main idea of the article is to define and scientifically substantiate the new organization concept of professional training for future masters of sciences in nursing by means of distance education, capable of performing the theoretical and methodological basis of modeling of the educational process. The developed concept is an author's idea of implementation of distance learning process for future masters in nursing and covers the leading idea and basic concepts of research. The core of the concept, content and semantic content is presented by model of professional training for future masters in nursing by means of distance education in higher medical educational institutions. Conclusion. The concept of professional training for future masters in nursing by means of distance education in higher medical educational institutions is developed by a system of modern views, ideas, targets, priority directions of development of higher nursing education, taking into account the real conditions of modernization of health care system.


The damage generated in wurtzite nitride semiconductors (AlN, GaN, and InN) by 300 keV rare earth ions has been studied following implantation at room temperature of Eu from 1012 to above 1017 ions/cm2. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) were used to investigate the evolution of damage and the deformation mechanisms versus the fluence. The behavior of the three compounds is clearly different; whereas InN breaks down at low fluences (∼1012 ions/cm2), it is shown that the damage formation mechanisms are similar in AlN and GaN. In both compounds, extended defects such as stacking faults play a critical role but exhibit different stability, as a consequence, GaN transforms to nanocrystalline state from the surface at a fluence of around 2.5×1015 ions/cm2. In contrast, AlN amorphizes starting at the projected range (Rp), when the fluence exceeds 1017 ions/cm2.


The coupling of neutronics and thermal-hydraulics plays an important role in the reactor safety, core design and operation of nuclear power facilities. This paper introduces the research on the coupling of Monte Carlo method and CFD method, specifically using TMCC and CFX. The methods of the coupling including the coupling approach, data transfer, mesh mapping and transient coupling scheme are studied firstly. The coupling of TMCC and CFX for the steady state calculations is studied and described for the single rod model and the 3 x 3 Rod Bundle model. The calculation results prove that the coupling method is feasible and the coupled calculation can be used for steady state calculations. However, the oscillation which occurs during the coupled calculation indicates that this method still needs to be improved for the accuracy. Then the coupling for the transient calculations is also studied and tested by two cases of the steady state and the lost of heat sink. The preliminary results of the transient coupled calculations indicates that the transient coupling with TMCC and CFX is able to simulate the transients but instabilities are occurring. It is also concluded that the transient coupling of TMCC and CFX needs to be improvedmore » due to the limitation of computational resource and the difference of time scales. (authors)« less


Contents: Introduction Garbage and governance: an introduction Part 1 Theories, Concepts and Frameworks: Governance, environmental governance and garbage Garbage governance in international context. Part 2 Governing Garbage: Case Studies: A comparative framework: contextual background Garbage governance in Ireland: waste wars in the Emerald Isle? Garbage governance in New Zealand: clean and green? Part 3 Comparisons and Conclusions: Comparing garbage governance: shades of green governance Geographies of garbage governance: some concluding thoughts Bibliography Index.


good news of Easter also includes the plan of God in Holy Scripture (the Old Testament). John is difficult to summarize. The unity of the believer with the risen Jesus is like the unity of Jesus and his Father. "To see," according to the Johannine narrative denotes both "a sign" and "a total mystery." Rejecting a Gnostic solution to the problem of the resurrection, as well as a doctrine of the immortality of the soul, Léon-Dufour attempts to bring together the insights of Semitic anthropology from the Bible and recent advances in genetics to help us find a language which will make sense of bodily resurrection. He includes in his discussion the total New Testament view of the body of Christ and the relation of Christ to the universe. There is no reference to Teilhard de Chardin. The book is helpful in explaining what it means to speak of the risen Lord as one's personal Lord. There are helpful indexes and appendixes: exegetical analyses of the New Testament texts which suggest ways of communicating the intention of the texts, the Easter texts from the Gospels and a few from apocryphal writings, a bibliography, and a lexicon of technical terms. This is a book to recommend to anyone who wishes to study the New Testament language about resurrection and its meaning in modern language.


ECG graphs show the electrical activity of the heart in function of time. It helps doctors to better understand the actual heart activity of the patient. Before the use of computers in the medical field, the ECG was printed and analyzed on a paper format. Nowadays medical data is archived in digital format and many data formats for ECG data storage are available. The many formats present an important problem of interoperability and compatibility between different data representations. A new technique to solve the interoperability issue and furthermore to store even stream-like ECG data became a necessity to assure better service quality of hospitals and to ensure smooth transition between different formats. This paper proposes a new (working and tested) solution for ECG data conversion, using an intermediate JSON format designed especially for ECG data, from/to SCP-ECG, DICOM-ECG, and HL7 aECG.


The household sector represented by individuals occupies a strategic place among various economic units in a country as it contributes substantially to the domestic savings efforts. An understanding of the savings behavior of this sector is of crucial importance in devising appropriate savings policies. The word savings here implies the residual amount that is available for a person for investment after meeting all his consumption expenses and repayment of loans. The economic system depends on an adequate supply of capital from private investors. The savings of individual investors are the main source of capital investment for business expansion. The future of the free enterprise system depends mainly, and almost exclusively on the continued ability and willingness of individuals with larger incomes to provide the capital and funds needed to finance the growth.


On the 14th April, 1882, I was informed that I was appointed to the command of the Circumpolar Expedition. I at once proceeded to London, and was occupied until the day of sailing in practice with the magnetic instruments at the Kew Observatory, and the purchase of stores, &c., for the expedition. On the 1st May, Sergeant F. W. Cooksley, Royal Horse Artillery, and Gunner C. S. Wedenby, Royal Artillery, and on the 6th May Sergeant Instructor of Gunnery J. English, R. H. A., reported themselves to me, and commenced attendance at Kew for instruction.


Introduction: Phthalate are endocrine disrupters widely used in our daily life (wrapping foods, cosmetics, toys, medical devices, polyvinyl chloride flooring, and building materials). Prenatal peri...


According to different quality of crystals when they grow in different autoclaves with different volumes by using hydrothermal method,it has analyzed the reasons why the distribution of temperature field is very important to the quality of crystals which grow in autoclaves,and explained magnifying the volume of autoclave will make temperature controlled more easily with more abundant thermal convection,strengthen thermal stability,improve the distribution of field temperature where crystal grows,decrease temperature difference in the area where crystal grows,and finally improve the quality of crystals.


This research is a comparative analysis of students' errors in Narrative writing in Natural and Social science programmes. It is focused on Linguistic errors made by students in both programmes. It is aimed at knowing the different errors made by students in both programmes in terms of Linguistic errors of Narrative writing. It used comparative method which finds the differences and similarities of errors produced by students in grade XI of Natural and Social science programmes. The population of this research was all students of grade XI in Natural science and Social science programmes at SMAN 4 Mataram academic year 2009/2010. There were two classes as a sample of this research those were XI IPA 1 and XI IPS 2.
The result of this research shows that the dominant errors made by students in both programmes were Interlingual Omission errors which were shown in the percentage of errors that is 61,29% in Natural science programme and 50% in Social science programme. The percentages of errors in both programmes shows that students in Social as well as Natural science programme produced the same dominant errors in writing Narrative although the number of errors is different.


The major aim of processing satellite images is to prepare topical and effective maps. The selection of appropriate classification methods plays an important role. Among various methods existing for image classification, artificial neural network method is of high accuracy. In present study, TM images of 1987, and ETM + images of 2000 and 2006 were analyzed using artificial fuzzy ARTMAP neural network within Mehrgan region, Kermanshah province, Iran, with an area of 5957 ha changes in range cover state in this basin during 3 periods of time from 1987 to 2000 and 2000 to 2006 were examined. In this study, initially, Land sat data for intended years were corrected geometrically and radiometric ally. Next, different land use classes were defined and training samples obtained via field visits. The obtained results show that, over time period of 1987-2000, the extent of low-density rangeland and farmland in study region had been increased by 89.09 and 321.08 ha, respectively, while good rangeland and fair rangeland faced a declining trend of 358.29 ha and 48.89 ha. Also, during time period of 2000-2006, the extent of poor rangeland and farmland within study region has increased by 64.98 and 727.12 ha, respectively, while good rangeland and fair rangeland faced a declining trend of 144.01 ha and 648.1 ha. Accuracy of vegetation maps resulting from satellite data classification using algorithm of artificial fuzzy ARTMAP neural network was 90.97% and 94% for TM (1987) images and ETM + (2000,2006) respectively which indicates high accuracy of ARTMAP algorithms for classifying satellite. Therefore, this study proves high efficiency and potential of artificial fuzzy ARTMAP neural network for classification of remote sensing images.


This study examined the relation of parenting style and parents' personality to children's Type A behavior pattern. Teachers rated 38 secondthrough fifth-grade children on the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), which was used to measure children's Type A behavior. Two subscale scores, leadership-competitiveness and impatience-aggression, were derived from the MYTH ratings. Parents of 19 of the children completed 7 scales which measured family cohesiveness and parents' Type A personality, Type A attitudes, anger, and perceptions of their child's distractibility and ego resilience. Results indicated that: (1) Type A children were perceived by their parents as having ego resilience; (2) parental Type A personality was not associated with children's MYTH scores; (3) fathers' Type A personality was negatively correlated with children's leadership subscale score; and (4) parents' anger was not associated with children's MYTH scores. These results were unexpected. Other results irlicated that family cohesiveness was associated with leadership and children's MYTH scores were associated with family Type A behavior. Children's leadership was associated with parental Type A behavior and attitudes. Mothers' traits and behaviors predicted children's Type A profile more strongly than did fathers'. A list of 10 references is included. (BC) ********************************************** ***** ******************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** US OININATNENT W EDUCATION Othc: o Edoroost Rusiech and Improvertmot EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER tERiO) )ILihrs slocumemt hal D roprOduesd as wowed Item MI pogso ot orgy% taboo ofiginhog C Mow nits been made to imp ove reproduction auemv Potnts mar oormonandird 4n MO does,mom do not orcessaray refgesent &boat OE RI Paola% at poAcy Family Correlates of Childraes Type A Behavior Paul E. Jose Loyola University of Chicago Running head: FAMILY CORRELATES Family Correlate rug Note: This research was made possible by a BRSG grant from Loyola University of in Chicago. Appreciation is expressed to the principals,-leachers, and children 4 King Lab School of Evanston, IL and Our Lady of Perpetual Help School in Glenview, IL for their participation in this study. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS SEEN GRPNTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


Though the necessity and importance of quality guarantees for voice over IP networks (VoIP) are well understood and studied, not much has been done to evaluate and measure the quality of service (QoS) for VoIP in a practical commercial environment. This study focuses on an evaluation of media gateway performance, in terms of voice quality, affected by impairments of an IP network in a practical environment. To study critical elements that affect voice quality in general, two end-to-end VoIP networks were built in the Lucent Technologies, Next Generation Network (NGN) Interoperability Lab. Various IP network impairments, such as IP network delay, jitter, and packet loss were introduced into these systems for assessing the IP network impact on voice quality. The performance metric is the end-to-end voice quality. This paper presents the end-to-end VoIP test-bed architecture, the test configuration, the experiment methodology, testing tools, analytical results, and testing results. The performance results are viewed from a user's perspectives in terms of perceptual speech quality measure (PSQM) and speech latency. Finally, the paper points out the crucial factors that affect a successful VoIP network. Some possible remedies are suggested.


XPS spectrum image data sets acquired on laboratory instruments have inherently poor signal/noise, and require the use of multivariate analytical techniques to avoid prohibitively long acquisition times. However, when procedures that order the data by variance are used, the data set must be scaled beforehand, since it has a Poisson distribution. Different scaling methods may be used, but their effectiveness in allowing a separation of the chemical information from the noise is critical if loss of information is to be avoided. The performance of three methods, square root, root mean square and optimal scaling, has been compared, and their effectiveness for quantitative photoelectron spectromicroscopy is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Food products can be contaminated by residual organic materials and food-borne pathogenic microorganisms through contact with biofouling present on surfaces. Efficient cleaning is needed to maintain hygienic requirements and for quality assurance of food contact surfaces. To evaluate the efficacy of cleaning procedures, it is essential to use reliable detection and quantification methods that can detect both organic material and microorganisms retained on surfaces. Repeated fouling with both organic material (meat exudate) and microorganisms (Escherichia coli) on 304 2B finish stainless steel surfaces was carried out. The surfaces were then cleaned using either a soak, spray or wipe method (in water) in order compare various biofouling detection methods. Following enumeration of the microorganisms by plate counting, the results demonstrated that the soak and spray washes were the best cleaning methods, whereas the wipe clean produced the least hygienic surface. ATP bioluminescence further demonstrated that the spray cleaned surface was the most hygienic followed by the soaked cleaned surfaces. However, percentage coverage counts demonstrated that the number of retained cells on following the soak wash was the greatest (77.38 % after 30 washes) and the amount of organic material retained was greater than 50% on all the surfaces, and was not significantly different between the different types of cleans or number of washes. Visualisation of the surfaces using epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the soak clean was the least hygienic in terms of bacterial retention. This suggests that the biofouling on the surface was difficult to remove following the soak cleaning method. UV detection demonstrated that it was difficult to detect organic material, regardless of the cleaning method used. However, when using more intense UV at selected wavelengths, the 330 nm - 360 nm illuminated the retained biofouling on the surfaces with the greatest intensity. The use of the different cleaning assays resulted in differences in cell and organic material distribution across the surfaces. The recorded level of contamination varied depending on the detection method used in this study. Our results highlighted that, in addition to the quantification method, visual images and quantification may help to better understand the fouling process on surfaces since certain cleaning methods may result in organic material being difficult to remove and detect.


The article analyzes and researches the enterprise's recruitment through the theories and methods of bionics,designing the model of enterprise's recruitment based on the symbiosis theory.The model aims to the long-term development of enterprise,attaching importance to the recognition and amalgamation of partners.Then the article describes the external expression of divergent selection on the process of recruitment,and poses several new countermeasures of enterprise's recruitment in the state of symbiosis.


This thesis investigated the impact of two environmental factors on the performance of larval striped wolffish (Anarhichas lupus). Specifically, I describe the impact of photoperiod and light intensity on the growth, survival, and feeding behaviour of larval wolffish. -- In the photoperiod experiment, larval wolffish were subjected to photoperiods consisting of 12 hours light/12 hours dark, 18 hours light/6 hours light, or 24 hours continuous light. Results showed that a photoperiod of 18L/6D yielded the best survival and growth after 50 days. Providing 24 hours light, a common technique in larviculture, did not offer any advantage in terms of survival or growth compared to the 18L treatment. The higher performance results seen for the 18L treatment is attributed to the similarity in photoperiod of the natural environment for the species. -- The investigation into the effects of light intensity on the survival and growth of larval wolffish compared intensities of 10, 40,160, 320, 750, and 1200 lux. For all values tested, survival and growth increased with increasing light intensity. A light intensity in the range of 750 lux-1200 lux produced survival rates of approximately 92.0% by day 50. -- The effects of light intensity (320 lux, 750 lux, 1200 lux) on the feeding and activity of larvae were also investigated. The frequency of feeding increased with increasing light intensity. The impact of light intensity was most significant during days 30-40, a period corresponding to the switch from endogenous to exogenous feeding in larval wolffish. During this period, the larval in the highest light intensity treatment (1200 lux) had significantly greater frequencies of feeding compared to the lowest light intensity treatment (320 lux). By the end of the study (day 50), there was no difference observed between treatments in terms of successful or unsuccessful foraging. -- For the production of larval wolffish a photoperiod of at least 18L in conjunction with 1200 lux is recommended for maximum growth and survival up to at least day 50 post-hatch.


The paper presents some data on chemical composition of 16 brown seaweed species inhabiting the coastal waters of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Primorsky Krai. It is established that concentration of the basic components (protein, mannit, alginic acid, lipids, fucoidan) in Fucales seaweeds is comparable to their concentration in Laminariales seaweeds. Laminaria japonica, Laminaria bongardiana, Laminaria yezoensis, Arthrothamnus bifidus, Kiellmaniella crassifolia, Alaria marginata, Alaria angusta, Fucus evanescens, Cystoseira crassipes, Sargassum pallidum are the most important. Toxicological estimation of all investigated samples is carried out. The ratio of potassium, sodium and magnesium is in the same range for all seaweed species irrespective of their habitat, except for Laminaria yezoensis, Fucus еvanescens and Sargassum pallidum. Microelement composition of brown seaweeds varies very much. Iodine contents in seaweeds from Fucales order is 10-125 times lower than in the basic trade seaweeds from Laminaria genus.


Chemical alteration of the protein molecule may lead to profound changes in its antigenic properties, a fact which has been taken advantage of in the study of fundamental laws of immunology and as a method of investigation into the chemistry of proteins. The highly significant work of Landsteiner, particularly, has made use of artificial alterations of proteins to show the relation of chemical constitution to antigenic specificity. Nonantigenic substances of known composition are combined with proteins through reactive groups to form new antigenic compounds whose specificity is determined by the added radicals. Some of the synthesized protein compounds have been made by combining substances with the free amino groups of the proteins. While the change that occurs in the antigencity of the proteins is undoubtedly due to the activity of the newly added substances, it is not known how much if any of the change is the result of the loss of the activity of the free amino groups. Since this can be easily determined by the study of the effect of deamination alone, experiments were made, using casein, to compare the antigenic properties of a protein before and after the loss of free amino groups. Dunn and Lewis 1 determined the optimum conditions under which complete deamination will occur, and the procedure used in preparing deaminized casein was taken from their article.


This paper discussed the instructional design of the macro assembler course according to the definition of instructional design and theory of constructivism. [


The invention discloses a website trust automatic rating method, a server-side and a system. The method includes the steps that when a website URL is triggered, the URL is captured and detected; the frequency of malicious access and non-malicious access to the URL under a website in a preset time period is counted and stored into a database; records in the database are read and the average trust of the website is obtained through weighted computation according to access counting data of the website at the current preset time period and historical counting data. According to the website trust automatic rating method, server-side and system, the trust of the website can be timely and effectively marked, and the use safety of the network can be improved.


Sheet metal forming is a manufacturing method used because of its versatility. Sheets are plastically deformed by a tool to create a product. A tool is expected to last for several 100,000 forming ...


This paper presents a Web based system for capturing outlines of 2D shapes using Matlab Web Server. From a simple user interface in HTML, any Web user can upload his data and view the results. Cubi c Bezier curve design is used to capture the outlines. In that, outline is divided into curve segments at corner points and curve approximation of each segment is performed by estimation of Bezier control points. Segment subdivision is used to keep the approximation error within specified threshold limits. The proposed method does not require any human interaction.


An account is given of the development of early dermatologic iconography, mostly in watercolors and copper prints, as a consequence of late Enlightenment perspectives and the development of a visually-dependent concept in a text-dominated discipline of dermatology. The first great atlases in the field of dermatology by Robert Willan (1757-1812) and Jean-Louis Alibert (1768-1837), and by M. N. Devergie (1784-1842) in venereology, are addressed and Willan's work is elaborated in detail.


The authors reported in the previous paper (1961) that the ferreous coating formation (F. C. F) in rice roots should be closely tied up with metabolic activities of plants, because of the experimental confirmation of the parallelisms among F. C. F., nutrients uptake and the growth. This paper dealt with both of the repetition of the assay and the clarification of the mechanism of F. C. F., whether coating formation must be directly related with the oxidation of ferrous ions by roots in media or not. Fundamental methods of the experiment were as follows: the plot with plants, of which roots were immersed in the FeSO4 solution (its concentration, 8 ppm) and that without plants were set, of which roots were excluded from light. After placing them f or definite hours, the amounts of Fe++ and Fe+++ ions in the solution were determined colorimetrically by the o-phenanthroline method. Moreover by the same method, the ferreous coatings were also measured after the coatings were washed away by 0.5 N-HCl solution. Those values mentioned below were then calculated: (A) Amounts of Fe sorbed by roots=(Total Fe ions in plots without plants)-(the same in those with plants) (B) Amounts of Fe++ ions oxidized by roots=(Amounts sorbed by roots)+(Fe++ ions oxidized by rootts, remaining in the solution) (C) Amounts of ferreous coating in roots=(HCl-soluble Fe in roots immersed in th Fe++ solution)-(the same in roots solution-cultured as usual) Rates of those values were also calculated with respect to root dry weight and hours treated. Main results obtained were as follows: (1) The rates of Fe++ sorption and F. C. F. declined gradually, and both of them went hand in hand as the growth advanced (Fig. 1). (2) These rates were positively correlated, when they were estimated at the same stage of the growth (8th leaf stage) (Fig. 2). (3) Changes of Fe++ oxidation, sorption by roots and relative growth rates of roots were parallely declined with the growth (Fig. 3). (4) In the younger and more vigorous stages of the growth, Fe++ sorption by roots took precedence of that of Fe+++ (Fig. 4). (5) When Fe++ concentrations in media became higher, the rate of Fe++ sorption and F. C. F. rose parallely (Fig. 5). From these results, the authors concluded that F. C. F. in rice roots must be closely tied up with root oxidation. F. C. F. must therefore occur according to following processes, that is, Fe++ ions in media should be oxidized and sorbed by roots, so as to make ferreous coatings on root surface. In this case, the process must be predominant when rather large but not injurious amounts of Fe++ ions are present in media, that happens usually under the water logged condition. Now the authors propose that the estimations of plant activity and soil conditions will be possible by means of F. C. F. determination.


Adam Smith provides guidance through the four Canons of Taxation to assist government to design a good tax system based on a set of principles. These principles are being applied throughout the world, as well as in South Africa. However, the South African government has been challenged to reduce income inequality and promote growth. This has led to an increase in government spending. Although literature provides information about governmental spending, spending patterns have not been investigated. Therefore, this study followed a partially mixed sequential dominant status design by investigating actual versus budgeted governmental tax revenue and spending, as well as the relationship between governmental tax revenue, spending and the inflation rate. This was done for the period of 2000 to 2007, seven years before the global financial crisis and 2008 to 2017, seven years after the global financial crisis. Qualitative data were collected by means of a literature study to identify the main themes. The main themes were used in the investigation of the budgets and compared to the budget reviews. Quantitative data were analysed to determine the correlation between governmental tax revenue, spending and the inflation rate. The findings suggest a strong correlation between governmental tax revenue and spending but a weak correlation between the governmental tax revenue, spending and the inflation rate. This study will enable South African stakeholders, including the country's residents and potential foreign investors, to determine the trend between governmental tax revenue, spending and inflation.


Mycoplasmas are small fastidious wall-less bacteria which cause cause disease in all major species of animals including man. In small ruminants they can cause respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis , genital disease and eye lesions. The most important of these diseases are contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia (CCPP) and contagious agalactia (CA) which are designated by the Office of International Epizooties as List B diseases because of their economic impact on the farming industry. Some of the mycoplasmas causing CCPP and CA are members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides" cluster which consists of six mycoplasmas, all of which are important pathogens of small and large ruminants.


PURPOSE: To provide a flexible tubular structure comprising a sealant barrier consisting of a multilayer film of a few microns thick orientated longitudinally in a continuous manner, whereby all of the components of said flexible structure are intimately bonded by a final heat treatment. CONSTITUTION: A basic polymer of bonding layer 7 is needed a mutilayer film a few microns thick to perform a function of a sealant barrier 5 consisting of one barrier film 9 bonded to a contact film 10 for protecting against transport of all fluids always passing through the inner tube 2. This consists of one sheet of inner coat 6 capable of manufacturing with a polymeric compound on the basis of a mixture of nitrile rubber and polyvinyl chloride which are not limited in contact with transporting fluids, and manufactured by a covering with an overlap 8 having a peripheral length smaller than the nominal diameter of sealant barrier.


In this paper, we will see that some k -Fibonacci sequences are related to the classical Fibonacci sequence of such way that we can express the terms of a k -Fibonacci sequence in function of some terms of the classical Fibonacci sequence. And the formulas will apply to any sequence of a certain set of k' -Fibonacci sequences. Thus we find k -Fibonacci sequences relating to other k -Fibonacci sequences when σ'k is linearly dependent of .


Electrochemical characteristics of trifluoromethanesuiphonic acid and its salts in nonaqueous solvents are reviewed. Topics discussed include dissociation equilibria and the electrochemical use as supporting electrolyte. These characteristics are also compared with those of perchioric acid and other suiphonic acids such as p-toluenesulphonic, methanesulphonic, and fluorosuiphuric acids.


In lithology classification there are not obvious rules from the shape to size.There is no clear dividing line between different lithologies,difficult than land classification by remote sensing data.Lithology classifcation results ars not effective by ordinary supervised classification methods.Our survey uses ASTER multispectral data to summarize a set of technical processes about lithological classification based on the minimum noise fraction transform.According to the geometry vertex of 2D scatter plot chart to extract the lithological classification of samples,spectral angle mapper is used at Fuye iron located in Rutog County of Tibet,in post-processing by median filtering on the classification results.The classification results are in good agreement with the actual situation,and the overall classification accuracy reaches 83.33%.


Listening anxiety is said to have a direct effect on listeners' abilities to comprehend what has been said. This is often because listeners are concerned that the message is so complex that they will not be able to understand what they are listening to. In relevance to listening tests, students' listening anxiety may prove to be a variable that could affect their listening test scores especially for second language (L2) learners. This preliminary study was carried out, as a part of a bigger experimental study to investigate if L2 students experienced listening anxiety. The Foreign Language Learning Survey (FLLAS) (Kim, 2000) was used as the main data collection instrument. The survey comprised of 33 items, which was tested for reliability in this study (Cronbach Alpha α = .928). Eighty-three (n = 83) undergraduate students from one of the universities in Malaysia participated in the survey. The findings of the survey indicated that the students have a rather high level of listening anxiety. This paper elaborates on areas in which students were most anxious about while listening, which may have some implications on the teaching of listening specifically listening comprehension to L2 students.


In order to discuss the stress distribution of solid frame pressure tank structure and the stress effect of different stiffened types,finite element stress analysis of different pressure tank structures of same size were made by ANSYS.Based on these calculations,it was found that the stress,especially axial stress of hull plate,axial and radial stresses of tank shell could be reduced greatly if stringers and ring-frames were added to hull plate and hull shell respectively.


To the Editor:

The recent paper from Myerson et al1 on the "reliability" of formulae for calculation of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass needs to be carefully considered.

Quantitative echocardiography presents problems of reproducibility, but less than expected from initial studies performed without 2D guidance. There is evidence that the test-retest "error" of echocardiography is similar to the "normal" error affecting many biological determinations.2,3 In particular, in the Reliability of M-mode Echocardiographic Studies (RES) trial,2 using M-mode tracings from several echocardiography laboratories of different experience, test-retest variability was in the range of 10% to 15% (90% confidence interval). Most error is related to image quality and temporal drift, but, as previously reported,2,3 error can be minimized by both appropriate standardization of the examination and in-laboratory self-learning procedures. Reliability can be high, with a coefficient of test-retest concordance of 87% for identification of prognostically adverse LV hypertrophy (LVH).2 Thus, together with accuracy (proved by necropsy validation4–6), reproducibility of echocardiographic LV mass2,3 is better than pessimistically stated by Myerson et al.1,7 Moreover, Daniels et al5 showed that the geometric formula used for echocardiographic LV mass determination predicts necropsy LV weight accurately from linear LV wall thickness and chamber dimension measurements.

Myerson et al1 tried to demonstrate the limited "reliability" of echocardiographic LV mass using a …


Breeding rice varieties with preferred grain quality features has become second most important objective next to yield. The grain quality features are important for all people involved in production, processing and consumption. The significance of grain quality varies depending upon the requisites established by the international market, ethnic customs, uses etc. A given community may demand a certain rice quality that would be unacceptable to another. The preferences and tastes of one country differ from those of another country and even within the same country, distinct appreciations of quality may exist.


The utility model discloses a body-building plate or a sporting plate used for recreational activities on snow or in water. The plate comprises a foam plate core, a bonding layer laminated on the top of a plate face of the foam plate core, a printed pattern layer laminated on the top of the bonding layer and a transparent protection layer laminated on the printed pattern layer. On the bottom plate face of the plate, the foam plate core is provided with a bottom face foam layer used on the foam plate core and a smooth surface layer used on the outside of the bottom face foam layer. A bottom face can also be provided with a pattern layer and the bonding layer arranged between the bottom face foam layer and the smooth surface layer, so as to provide an extra pattern side.


The invention provides a large-diameter cylinder liner form and position error on-line measuring method and device. According to the method, measuring parameters are input into computer software, and numerical control measuring instructions are generated and sent to a numerical-control vertical lathe; according to the numerical control measuring instructions, the vertical lathe controls a cylinder liner and a laser displacement sensor arranged on a main shaft to move and sample, and sends measuring data of samples to a computer through a communication interface; the computer pre-processes the received measuring data according to the measuring parameters and the numerical control measuring instructions to obtain coordinate value; when measurements are completed, all the coordinate value is calculated in an optimum mode according to an established mathematical model, so that needed form and position error value is obtained. The device is composed of the laser displacement sensor, a sensor controller, a base and the computer. According to the device and method, the measurement and calculation of cylinder liner form and position errors are completed directly on the numerical control vertical lathe, so that detecting cost is low, measuring efficiency is high and measuring errors are small.


addressed inter-esting issues, but alternative explanations can be given forsome of the data. I am referring to the finding that non-physician providers of electrodiagnostic services-espe-cially physical therapists-e-pcrformcd fewer studies, that is,had fewer procedure-claims per encounter, than did phy-si c i anproviders. T ble


In the present study, the flow over the stepped spillway was  numerically investigated by using Flow3D model. The effect of step angle on different properties of Nappe flow regime such as the water surface profile, location of free-surface aeration inception, Froude number at the spillway's toe, and pressure, flow velocity, air concentration and cavitation index were evaluated. The realizable k–ε was applied as the turbulence model, and Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was used to determine the free surface flow profiles of the spillway. The model was verified using experimental data. In order to investigate the different characteristics of Nappe flow regime, 17 numerical runs was designed, in which, four step angles, four flow discharge were considered to investigate the flow characteristics over the stepped spillway. The results indicated that the numerical model is well suited with the experimental data over the stepped spillway (RMSE = 0.147 and ARE = 6.9%). In addition, with increasing the step angles, the aeration inception point is generally moved downstream. By increasing the step angles from zero to 10 degrees, the Froude number does not change significantly, however, at the angle of 15 degrees, the Froude number decreases by about 42 percent.


The topic of adaptation-pertinent systems was treated intensively by researchers before the era of computers, also in the field of teaching and learning. Further, e-learning is a relatively young term, but since the beginning of computer sciences in the middle of the past century, many systems and theoretical solution approaches were developed to enable digital education. This paper aims at reviewing some interesting issues regarding this context in order to gain an insight into forgotten or ignored opportunities and challenges as well as underline the relevance and impact of old issues for present requirements


The present article illustrates several aspects of the archaeological research on mediaeval construction in south-eastern France (11th-14th cent.) by studies in building archaeology led by the authors in various architectural and scientific contexts. It focuses on questions such as the know-how and its transfer, changes in the architectural project, the organization of the building process and its techniques and strategies, by analyzing the masonry and structure of the edifice and, in the case of the pope's palace in Avignon, by combined research on the architecture and the written sources.


According to some topics of Wenqishu written by CAO Pi,'Temperament is the main of an article',Temperament can be divided into purity and chaos,and which can not be managed with effort.the present paper discusses the implications and the influences of these topics.It also analyses the meaning to the literary circles of that time which was influenced by CAO Pi's opinions about temperament of article,style and the writers' psychological structure,etc.In the present paper,some methods of psychological aesthetics are used.


The invention belongs to the technical field of modern food preparation, relates to coarse cereal solid beverage prepared through extrusion puffing, further relates to a preparation method of the solid beverage, and provides novel solid beverage which is rich in nutrition and beneficial to absorption of human bodies, and facilitates promotion of coarse cereal derivatives. The solid beverage is coarse cereal drinks, is complete in nutrition and is rare in the existing market. On one hand, the solid beverage adopts the advanced extrusion puffing process and can meet mixing requirements; and on the other hand, the extrusion puffing is a short physical extrusion process, so that nutritional ingredients of coarse cereal powder are not damaged basically, and the solid beverage is soft in mouthfeel and beneficial to absorption of the human bodies. Compared with a spray drying process, the extrusion puffing preparation process is simplified, saves cost and is less in nutrition loss due to the fact that the extrusion process is a physical process.


There has been growing international interest in the idea that social care would be better organised as a system of self‐directed support, where people control their own budgets for their own support. While there is significant evidence that this approach brings benefits to disabled people and those older people who need support, there is still an active debate about the efficiency and affordability of this approach. In Control has led work in England on piloting this approach, and has gathered some early evidence on the economic sustainability of self‐directed support. This article outlines the economic case for self‐directed support and some of the practical issues that will need to be confronted in order to implement self‐directed support successfully in the UK. In particular, it argues that the current service‐focused system of social care is structurally inefficient, and that self‐directed support makes much better use of the resources committed through public taxation. Finally, it contends that a rethink of the health and social care boundary will inevitably follow.


As a profession, social work has long touted the benefits of seeing a person within his/her environment, but the decline in home visiting and community-based work may have obscured the focus on les...


A compilation of most of the papers presented at the March 1979 symposium in Atlanta, GA on condensor biofouling control is presented. The following aspects of power plant condenser biofouling are discussed: effects on power plant equipment and operations; cost impact; biofilm formation; corrosive effects; control practices using chlorine or bromine chlorides, and the dechlorination of discharges of chlorinated coolants. (LCL)


Elliptic models of wave propagation valid in the far field are often factored to derive one‐way wave equations. For certain parameter ranges, the elliptic models generate stable marching methods directly even though the underlying initial value problem is ill posed. The introduction of Pade approximations to operators in the cross range variables leads to higher‐order methods for an elliptic model. The stability of the method is analyzed and calculations are presented showing good agreement with exact solutions for some test problems. [Work supported in part by ONR.]


The present paper is concerned with the applicability of the neighboring group participation of a 2-O-(p-substituted benzoyl) group to the stereoregulation of the ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydro deoxysugar derivatives. 1,6-Anhydro-2-O-(p-substituted benzoyl)-3,4-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexopyranoses (5a–d) were polymerized in dichloromethane at different temperatures ranging from −60 and −20°C with phosphorus pentafluoride as an initiator. 1,6-Anhydro-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranose (7a) and its 2-O-(p-bromobenzoyl) homolog (7b) were also polymerized under similar conditions. 13C NMR analysis revealed that all the polymers were composed of both the respective (1→6)-α- and (1→6)-β-linked structural units. Their proportions varied depending on the p-substituents as well as the reaction conditions: An electron-withdrawing p-substituent on the 2-O-benzoyl aromatic ring reduced the β-unit content of the polymer, although it increased the polymer yield. The presence of a 3-O-benzyl group was favorable for the formation of (1→6)-β-linked structural units. On the basis of these results, factors disturbing the configurational regularity of the anomeric carbons were discussed.


The present invention is an alkali metal or alkaline earth pyrophosphates metal preferably includes a whitening agent for teeth containing calcium pyrophosphate, provides confectionery compositions whitening solid, teeth for oral. In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention further contain a whitening agent additional teeth.


This article discusses controlling gas-phase contamination in semiconductor fabs, which involves the following : determination of gas-phase contaminant classification; identification of the contaminants; identification of the control methods and HVAC systems which require gas-phase filtration; selection and specification of the gas-phase contamination control equipment and systems; verification of gas-phase equipment performance and on-going performance verification


Embodiments of the present invention provide a feature code processing method, device and system, relate to the technical field of communications, and the method includes: receiving a first discovery request transmitted by a terminal, wherein the first discovery request includes a terminal identifier of the terminal; according to the first discovery request, transmitting a discovery response to the terminal, wherein the discovery response includes a common identifier, and the common identifier is used for indicating that at least two applications of the terminal use a common feature code. In the present invention, by the common identifier, the terminal learns that the feature code allocated to the terminal by an adjacent service function entity is the same as the feature code allocated to other applications of the terminal by the adjacent service function entity, thus enabling the terminal to proceed to broadcast the common feature code while broadcasting the common feature code currently, and avoiding the problem in the prior art where an identical terminal broadcasts an identical feature code on different wireless resources at the same time, further avoiding the waste of the wireless resources.


Laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess the virulence of two ento mopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae to 5th instars of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes,(Lepidoptera: Cochyli dae). Temperature conditions of 20 and 5°C and high humidity, (near satu ration) were nearly optimal for development of both fungi. Concentrations of 107 to 108 conidia/ml produced 100% mortality in 10 days or less and 10 6 conidia/ml produced 90% mortality at 21 to 26 days. Median lethal concen trations of conidia (LC 50) from M. anisopliae were 3.6 x 103 at 25°C and 4.1 x 10 3 at 20°C. The LC 50 for B. bassiana was 14.9 x 104 conidia/ml at 20°C and 6.7 x 10 3 conidia/ml at 25°C. Although B. bassiana tended to be less virulent at 20°C, these differences were not significant. The high humidities required for germination and growth may reduce the usefulness of th e fungi as con trol agents of C. hospes in the northern Great Plains. Further studies and field evaluations are needed to de ermine if there are microhabitats in the soil or on the sunflower h ad where the hum dity is high enough for germi nation and growth of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae. Targeting of C. hospes stages in the soil to avoid contaminating the seed or oil with saprophytic fun gal spores may be preferred to targeting the sunflower plant for reasons of preserving seed quality, marketing, and consumption. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotinia: Hyphomycetes) are entomopatho genic fungi that occur in the soil, have a wide insect host range, and are dis tributed worldwide (Tanada and Kaya 1993). Virulence to insects varies with the fungal variety or strain, dose, host age, and environmental conditions, particularly emperature and humidity (Miller et al. 1983, Tanada and Kaya 1993). Infection usually takes p ace through chitinolytic penetration of the in tegument by fungal hyphae and both genera produce mycotoxins CTanada n Kaya 1993). Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae are are being studied as alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of a variety of insect species (Tanada d Kaya 1993, Miller et al. 1983) but neither has been significantly explored for microbial control of the banded sunflower moth Cochylis hospes, or other sunflower insect pests. The life cycle of C. hospes begins about the third week in July when eggs are laid on the bracts of sunflower. The larval 1 USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 5674, State University Station, Fargo, ND 58105. 1 Barker: Laboratory Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Beauveria Bassia Published by ValpoScholar, 1999 102 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 32, No.3 stages feed on the florets and seeds of the sunflower head. The fifth and ulti mate instar leaves the sunflower head in late August and early September to ovenvinter in the and pupates in late spring (Westdal 1949, Charlet and Gross 1990, Charlet al. 1997, Beregovoy and Riemann 1989). The adults emerge about mid-July and begin a new generation. The objective of this study was to assess, in controlled laboratory conditions, the virulence of thes fungi to fifth instars and pupae that overwinter in the soil. The latter stages were targeted for control in this study, because application to the sunflower head of large numbers of conidia from saprophytic fungi to control the earlier ins ars , could reduce the quality or acceptability of the seed or oil by con sumers and the sunflower industry. The high humidity needed for fungal growth is more probable in the soil than on the sunflower capitulum where high humidity is incompatible with maintaining seed quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insects and rearing conditions. Cochylis hospes is routinely reared on insect diet in laboratory environmental chambers maintained at 28 ± 1°C, 50% relative humidity, and a 15:9 L:D cycle (Barker 1988). Fifth instars that had ceased feeding were selected primarily because this stage completes its development in the soil where it was suggested that control be targeted and, secondarily, it circumvented complications that would arise from diet spoilage in the presence of saprophytic fungi. In addition, ingestion of coni dia was not required since infection of insects with fungi is primaril throu h the integument (Tanada and Kaya 1993). Cessation of feeding e 5th-in star of C. hospes is marked by a change in color about 2 days the molt to the fifth instal'. The insect diet contains Benomy1 (Bonide Products I c. Yorkville, N.YJ which will inhib t but will not prevent fungal growth, how ever, contamination of the diet is controlled primarily with the use of a ster ile hood, materials, utensils, and control of excess moisture (Barker 1988). Fungi. M. anisopliae (ATCC # 22099) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. A strain of B. bassiana, formulated into a commercial microbial insecticide Naturalis-L®, was obtained from Troy Biosciences, (Phoenix AZ). Naturalis-L and ATCC 22099 were stock prepara tions which were sub-cultured on potato dextose agar plates to produce coni dia for bioassay. Bioassay. Conidia from sub-cultures of Naturalis-L or ATCC 22099 stock were suspended in 10mM phosphoric acid buffered saline, pH 7.0, prepared with 0.5 % Tween 80 to reduce clumping of the conidia and counted with a hemocytometer. Serial dilutions were prepared with the following concentra tions of conidia/ml: 10 8, 107, 106, 105, 104, 103, 102, or 0 (controls). This method of assay has a limitation in that it does not define precisely what dosage each larva but it does define the concentration of conidia to which each larva was exposed. A 1 and a lOpl sample of each concentration was streaked on potato dextrose agar plates to check for viability. Thirty, 5th instal' larvae were transferred to each of the tubes containing conidia and gently shaken for 5-10 sec. by inverting the tube. Longer periods of immer sion were avoided because of detrimental effects on larval development and survival that were not related to infection. The 30 larvae were confined indi vidually in 1 ml vented microfuge tubes with a piece of moist p tt ng foam provided for pupation. Moisture was added to the pot ing foam and replen ished as necessary to facilitate survival of pupae and their successful emer gence as adults and to facilitate growth of the fungi. Tubes were vented by punching a hole (diameter 4mm) into the cap of the tube and covered with 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 32, No. 2 [1999], Art. 1 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol32/iss2/1 1999 103 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Nitex (Tetko, Briarcliff Manor, NY) 2-ply polyester (70 threads per cm). The larvae were held at 20±1°C or 25±1 cC in environmental chambers main tained on a 15:9 L:D cycle and 60-70% relative humidity. The humidity within the microfuge tubes, with the moist potting foam, was near satura tion. Observations for mort lity began on the second day after treatment and every other day thereafter for 21 or 26 d at 25 and 20cC, respectively, until the controls and treated insects that survived had pupated and emerged as adults. The LC so of the treated larv e wa determined at 21d (25°C) and 26 d (20°C). adavers that did not show obvious mycelial growth were macerated with a forceps and the debris streaked on potato dextrose agar and observed for mycelial growth. The bioassay was replicated eight times and an overall average response for each concentration was obtained by averagi g the data from the eight replicates. Statistical methods. POLO-PC (LeOra Software 1987, Berkeley, CA) was used to estimate the L 50s and determine the Chi square goodness of fit. Jandel SigmaPlot (version 5, 1992 and version 2, 1995, San Rafael, CA) and Finney (1947) were used to plot probit regression equations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mortality in relation to concentration of conidia and tempera ture. Mortality that resulted from treatment of C. hospes 5th instars with conidia from B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was 100% in 10 d or less after treatment with 10 8 and 107 conidia/ml at both temperatures. Fifth instars begin to pupate about 13 days after becoming fifth i stars at 25°C (Barker 1994) but none of the fifths treated with 10 8 or 7 conidia survived to the pupal stage at 20 or 25°C. Mortality after treatment with 10 6 conidia of both fungi was approximately 90% at both temperatures over a period f 21 to 26 d (Table 1) while the controls and survivors completed development to the adult stage. The majority of fifths treated v;rith 10 6 conidia per ml died as fifth instars because development of infected larvae to the pupal stage was retarded relative to the controls, although some pupated and then died. Dia pause was not induced in the fifths held at 20°C in this study because the Table 1. Mortality of C. hospes larvae after infection with conidia of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae at 20 and 25 Q C.


Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are commonly used for pain relief and appear to work primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Aspirin and other traditional NSAIDS non-selectively inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms. In contradistinction, the various coxibs more selectively inhibit COX-2, with differing degrees of specificity. Aspirin has unequivocally been demonstrated to reduce myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with established coronary artery disease.1 The predominant mechanism by which aspirin provides cardiovascular protection is believed to be via irreversible inhibition of COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation. Prior reports in the literature regarding cardiovascular effects of NSAIDS have been conflicting, whereas the cardiovascular effect of COX-2 inhibitors has been nothing but controversial.

The important report by Helin-Salmivaara et al . in this issue of the European Heart Journal is the largest population-based matched case–control study of NSAIDS performed to date.2 A total of 33 309 patients with first MI were identified between 2000 and 2003 in Finland. The study found that NSAID use increased the risk of first MI by ∼40%, with a similar increase in risk noted for conventional NSAIDS as well as for COX-2 inhibitors. The age of the user did not appear to modulate the risk. Concerningly, the signal of increased risk began with even short durations of therapy consisting of just a few weeks. The longer the duration from NSAID discontinuation, the more attenuated the association became—this finding is supportive of a causal relationship. In addition, heavy NSAID use in the prior year was a significant risk factor for MI, again supportive of a causal relationship. Although largely demonstrating a class effect for NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors, this analysis found that rofecoxib was associated with a significant risk of MI, but not celecoxib …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 216 445 4042; fax: +1 216 445 8531. E-mail address : bhattd{at}ccf.org


Background: Proper hygiene practices play vital roles in prevention of communicable diseases and maintenance of health for children in developing countries.
Objective: To assess the status of personal hygiene practices among the rural school children.
Materials and method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to June 2014 among the children of class VIII, IX and X of Defalbari and Nagarbathan high school of Jhenaidah district, Bangladesh. A total of 240 children were selected through purposive sampling and data were collected through face to face interview with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Total 240 students' mean age was 15.36±1.69 years and 56.3% was boy. About 52.5% of the students' monthly family income was below 10,000 taka, 42.5% were living in kacha house. About 77.1% students practiced hand washing before meal and 73.3% after using toilet. About 47.5% students had sanitary latrine in their home and 56.2% had practices of wearing shoes in toilet. About 72.9% students had daily bathing practices and 39.6% students trimmed their nail weekly. Students' mothers' education status had significant association with hand washing practices both before meal and after using toilet.
Conclusion: Proper practices of personal hygiene keep young children away from many diseases and help in maintaining growth and development. Mothers' education status was found to have significant association with students' personal hygiene practices. So, effort should be made to aware every school going children and their parents about the benefits of regular practice of personal hygiene for a bright and healthy life.
Delta Med Col J. Jul 2020 8(1): 28-31


. We generalize the results of Range and Diederich et al., (cid:12)nding H¨older estimates for the solution of the Cauchy-Riemann equations for higher order forms on ellipsoids. We prove a dual result near the concave boundaries of complemented complex ellipsoids. In all cases the H¨older exponents are characterized in terms of the order of contact of the boundary of the domain with complex linear spaces of the appropriate dimension. Optimality is demonstrated in the convex settings, and for (0 ; 1) forms in the concave setting. Partial results are given for complemented real ellipsoids and a method for demonstrating optimality of Hortmann's result on complemented strictly pseudoconvex domains is given for (0 ; 1) forms.


The InfoPad project explores the infrastructure and devices required for portable wireless access to the national information infrastructure. The InfoPad model emphasizes high-bandwidth wireless connectivity and moves the computing power of the portable device into the backbone network, where we can provide not only full internet access, but increased computing power as well. By concentrating on I/O for the pad we reduce its cost, weight and power requirements, and increase the effective bandwidth through the greater error tolerance of I/O traffic such as video. We describe the InfoPad model, its infrastructure, and the results of the first prototype. This prototype proved the feasibility of the basic model and developed key technologies such as low-power design methodology and protocols for wireless connections. We also discuss the next generation InfoPad and our future plans.


Given a rack Q and a ring A, one can construct a Yang-Baxter operator c_Q: V tensor V --> V tensor V on the free A-module V = AQ by setting c_Q(x tensor y) = y tensor x^y for all x,y in Q. In answer to a question initiated by D.N. Yetter and P.J. Freyd, this article classifies formal deformations of c_Q in the space of Yang-Baxter operators. For the trivial rack, where x^y = x for all x,y, one has, of course, the classical setting of r-matrices and quantum groups. In the general case we introduce and calculate the cohomology theory that classifies infinitesimal deformations of c_Q. In many cases this allows us to conclude that c_Q is rigid. In the remaining cases, where infinitesimal deformations are possible, we show that higher-order obstructions are the same as in the quantum case.


Tourism information on the Internet is spreading through a wide range of different websites. In addition to the official destination or attraction websites, many are unofficial websites such as blogs, wiki, social networks, to also offer destination information. Hence official websites, being destination or attraction sites, are challenged by unofficial ones. Actually these two different types of websites often diffuse similar content in terms of topics and subjects but in different forms. This study explores the information market around a given tourism destination and investigates the characteristics and quality of the available websites. It underlines the importance of consumer generated content and its strategic role for the promotion. Finally, several ways of exploiting the official and unofficial contents are explored and the topic of the possible information convergence, thanks to folksonomies, is discussed.


Time‐resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy imaging were applied to monitor the cellular uptake of fluorescent‐labeled oligonucleotides (ONs) delivered by a porphyrin molecule. The fate of porphyrin–ON complexes inside living cells has also been monitored. Due to intrinsic fluorescence of the porphyrin and sensitivity of its characteristics to microenvironment, multicomponent analysis of time‐resolved fluorescence provides unique information about stability of the porphyrin–ON complexes, ON interactions with their target sequences, and ON and porphyrin distributions after delivery inside the cells. Time‐resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry indeed delivers additional information compared with fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging widely employed to study ON uptake.


We examine whether stronger patent protection promotes private- sector R&D, using changes in the patent rights regime of export- destination countries as a quasi-exogenous source of variation. Constructing an export-weighted index of trade partner patent rights by country-industry-year, we find that R&D responds strongly to trade partner patent rights, and this after including country-industry, country-year, and industry-year fixed effects. This relationship is present in industries where patents are an effective way to protect innovation, but not in patent insensitive industries. Our results suggest a causal link between patent rights and firm R&D investments and support the inclusion of patent rights provisions in trade agreements.


In order to solve the conflict between high precision with measurement of long time in traditional methods of measurement interval,this paper proposes the measurement way of the time interval measurement phase which uses the time of the pulse under test converted to the corresponding phase,and then tested by computing pulse time value.The theoretical analysis and computer simulation experiments show that this method can solve the conflict between the high accuracy with long measuring time in the time interval measurement.At the same time,to overcome the traditional principle of measurement error of the measurement.And reasonable choice of bits of ADC can make the measure accuracy up to femtosecond.


since Prosper Meniere described the clinical entity that bears his name. The classical triad of Meniere's disease is characterized by repeated attacks of vertigo with nausea and vomiting, progressive deafness, and tinnitus in the affected ear. Meniere noted that the cause of the violent symptoms of an attack had often been thought due to a brain lesion. His important contribution was to demonstrate that the inner ear, not the brain, is the source of the symptoms (1). Vertigo is an hallucination of movement; the patient sees or feels motion that is not present. Everything on earth is in motion with reference to any fixed point in space (2). The mechanism controlling man's sense of motion is a tiny sense organ, housed within the inner ear. The fact that this sensory organ-the labyrinth-is the only organ in the


It is necessary to enforce economic industry policies in our country.However,a preferential measure is likely to be investigated by other countries due to countervailing.The number of countervailing cases is increasing recently as a result of historical and economic factors.Major problems exist in the scope of regional unreasonable subsidies and national specific industry policies.Our government is suggested to change ideas and methods in the process of making policies,adjust current industry polices,make use of non-actionable subsidies,communicate and coordinate with trading partners,and accumulate related experiences in order to maximize our national interests.


The surface tension of the aqueous solution of sodium 4′-(butylamino)azobenzene-4-sulfonate (SBAS) and octyl methyl sulfoxide (OMS) mixture was measured as a function of the total molality at various compositions and at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were analyzed by applying the thermodynamic relations. The phase diagrams of adsorption and micelle formation were found to suggest that SBAS and OMS molecules interact attractively with each other to form a negative azeotropic mixture in the adsorbed film at a low surface tension and in the micelle. These findings were qualitatively similar to those of the system of SBAS and 2-(octylsulfinyl)ethanol (OSE) and confirmed our conclusion that the strong interaction of dye and nonionic surfactant molecules at the interface may be the one of reasons why a nonionic surfactant acts as the leveling agent in dyeing process.


The present research examines the impact of second-order slip with thermal and solutal stratification coatings on three-dimensional (3D) Williamson nanofluid flow past a bidirectional stretched surface and envisages it analytically. The novelty of the analysis is strengthened by Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flux accompanying varying thermal conductivity. The appropriate set of transformations is implemented to get a differential equation system with high nonlinearity. The structure is addressed via the homotopy analysis technique. The authenticity of the presented model is verified by creating a comparison with the limited published results and finding harmony between the two. The impacts of miscellaneous arising parameters are deliberated through graphical structures. Some useful tabulated values of arising parameters versus physical quantities are also discussed here. It is observed that velocity components exhibit an opposite trend with respect to the stretching ratio parameter. Moreover, the Brownian motion parameter shows the opposite behavior versus temperature and concentration distributions.


A simple method of determining the six elements of elliptic satellite orbits has been developed for use aboard manned and unmanned spacecraft orbiting the earth, moon, or any planet. The system requires the use of a horizon sensor or other device for determining the local vertical, a precision clock or timing device, and Apollo-type navigation equipment including an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a digital computer, and a coupling data unit. The three elements defining the in-plane motion are obtained from simultaneous measurements of central angle traversed around the planet and elapsed flight time using a linearization of Kepler's equation about a reference orbit. It is shown how Kalman filter theory may also be used to determine the in-plane orbital elements. The three elements defining the orbit orientation are obtained from position angles in celestial coordinates derived from the IMU with the spacecraft vertically oriented after alignment of the IMU to a known inertial coordinate frame.


Background. Malignancies in fibrous dysplasia are rare. Most cases have been published as single case reports. The role of radiation therapy in the occurrence of sarcom in fibrous dysplasia is still controversial.


The geometries, electronic structures and spectroscopic properties for a series of osmium(II) complexes [Os(II)(CO)3(tfa)(L)](tfa=trifluoroacetate; L=O^O (1), O^N (2), N^N (3), O^O=hexafluoroacetylacetonate, O^N=quinolinolate, N^N=3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl) pyrazole) were investigated theoretically. The Becke′s three parameter functional, the Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) functional and single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) methods were used to optimize the ground and excited states for complexes 1-3. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at B3LYP level with the polarized continuum model (PCM) was employed to obtain their absorption and phosphorescent emission spectra in CH2Cl2 based on their optimized ground and excited states geometries. The results revealed that the optimized structural parameters agreed well with the corresponding experimental results. There were slight structural differences between ground and excited states, and this was in agreement with the small Stokes-shift observed in the experiments. The lowest-lying absorptions were at 342, 431and 329 nm, and phosphorescent emissions were at 521, 638 and 488 nm for complexes 1-3, respectively. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of 1-3 mainly manifest as characteristic π and π* orbitals of the L ligands. The lowest-lying absorptions were thus assigned to π-π* transitions with some metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT) contributions. High energy absorptions also had intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) and LLCT characteristics. The phosphorescence emissions of these complexes have similar transition properties to their absorptions.


A first-grade teacher used comic books as read-alouds during her implementation of a reading/writing workshop. The students, primarily English-language learners, were able to make use of this medium in order to learn new reading practices. The teacher used the comics to teach multiple aspects of various reading processes such as reading with an eye for gendered representations in media texts, reading for recognition of dialogue, and recognizing a problem/solution structure in narrative. The teacher's use of the comics as read-alouds demonstrates their use as instructional texts, because comics provide interesting and motivating material as well as visual support for literacy learning.


. The article presents methods for assessing the quality of communication by collecting experimental statistical data (observations) that simulate the use of services by subscribers, for their subsequent post-processing to assess the actual values of indicators of the quality of communication services and compare the estimates with each other. The rapid growth in the number of subscribers, and the demand for cellular services in the market, caused a heavy load on the networks. Therefore, today it is very important to observe all standards of communication quality indicators, and to maintain these indicators despite the high demand. This topic is very relevant to both mobile operators and subscribers. Operators are looking for new, modern methods of objective assessment of the state of cellular communications. And the subscriber is interested in what state the telecom operators are in, and which company is coping with their work. This method requires a lot of work compared to traditional methods, but it brings out all the hidden interference, and helps to find problems in the networks first. The


Response surface methodology (RSM) involving the central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize three important process variables for the decolourization of synthetic dye solutions containing Remazol Turquoise Blue (RTB) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) with isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. The interaction between three variables i.e. Initial concentration of dye, carbon source and nitrogen source were studied and modeled. According to the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results the predicted results were found to be in good agreement with experimental results (R2: 0.9726; Adj R2: 0.9480 for RTB and R2: 0.9789; Adj R2: 0.9750 for RB5) which indicated excellent evaluation of experimental data from the second order polynomial regression model. Mathematical models were developed by the proposed system, for each process variable showed the effect of each factor and their interactions on biodecolourization process. The optimum concentrations of Dye, Carbon source, and Nitrogen source were found to be 20 mgL−1, 1.5 g/L and 1.5 g/L, respectively for RTB and RB5 to obtain maximum dye removing capacity. Predicted values were validated with experimental results, which indicated appropriateness of the employed model and the success of RSM.


What Mr Justice Steel in this decision of the High Court ("Colour Quest") described as possibly the 'largest peacetime explosion in Europe' occurred at the Buncefi eld Oil Storage Depot in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire on 11 December 2005 (perhaps metaphorically proving Henry Higgins wrong in his dictum that 'hurricanes hardly ever happen' in counties beginning with H). There was never any doubt that litigation of various sorts would follow.


: Lublin developed rapidly at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Large residential districts were designed on rural ar eas surrounding the city. Lublin was expanded in almost every geographical direction, in accordance to the principles spec ified in the 1959 city master plan. The Kalinowszczyzna district was located in the north, covering local hills and ravines, and replacing the former farm and manor it was subsequently named after. The housing estates constructed there were erected mainly by means of prefabricated elements, and included both flats and shops. They also played cultural and administrative functions. The plan's implementation was launched in 1963 and came to an end in 1980s. Kalinowszczyzna is currently one of 27 administrative districts of Lublin and constitutes an essential part of the city.


Electropolymerizable carbazole-functionalized imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and characterized using 1H, 13C, 19F NMR, and ESI-MS. They were electropolymerized onto indium tinoxide (ITO) electrodes via cyclic voltammetric polymerization in several selected room temperature ILs (RTILs) as well as in conventional organic solvents. Two redox couples, corresponding to the monomer and polymer, respectively, of the carbazole-functionalized ILs, were observed during the cyclic voltammetric polymerization. It was found, as common ILs, that the anionic components exhibit crucial effects on the physicochemical properties of the carbazole-functionalized ILs. The anions of which were replaced by the anions of the electrolytes in which the monomers were dissolved. The RTILs used for the electropolymerization thus determined the electrochemical behavior of the monomers, the surface morphologies and the physicochemical properties of the poly(ILs) films. After the modification of ITO electrodes with poly(ILs), the electrochemical performance of the semiconducting electrodes was significantly improved towards uric acid oxidation. The poly(ILs) show adjustable properties (via counter anions), and exhibit a wide range of solubility in organic solvents, and electrochromic and solvatochromic properties.


This paper presents a detailed analysis of the safety of human bodies in the electromagnetic field generated by inductive power transfer (IPT) systems designed for kitchen appliances. Comparisons of basic and reference limit values of various safety standards are investigated through theoretical circuit analysis and extensive simulation studies. Simulation models of human bodies along with an IPT system for kitchen appliances are established to reveal the effect of the electromagnetic field on the human body. Corresponding experiments are conducted via constructing a configuration of the designed IPT system and simulating the standing position. Both experimental and analytical results indicate that it is easier to fulfill international safety standards by increasing the operating frequency of the IPT system for kitchen appliances, and hence, the safety of human bodies can be effectively improved.


This is a collection of information about regularized least squares (RLS). The facts here are not "new results", but we have not seen them usefully collected together before. A key goal of this work is to demonstrate that with RLS, we get certain things "for free": if we can solve a single supervised RLS problem, we can search for a good regularization parameter λ at essentially no additional cost. The discussion in this paper applies to "dense" regularized least squares, where we work with matrix factorizations of the data or kernel matrix. It is also possible to work with iterative methods such as conjugate gradient, and this is frequently the method of choice for large data sets in high dimensions with very few nonzero dimensions per point, such as text classifciation tasks. The results discussed here do not apply to iterative methods, which have different design tradeoffs. We present the results in greater detail than strictly necessary, erring on the side of showing our work. We hope that this will be useful to people trying to learn more about linear algebra manipulations in the machine learning context. 1 Notation and Basics We are given data points S = {(X1, Y1), . . . , (Xn, Yn)}. We define S to be the data set with the ith point removed: S = {(X1, Y1), . . . , (Xi−1, Yi−1), (Xi+1, Yi+1), . . . , (Xn, Yn)}. We let X simultaneously refer to the set {X1, . . . , Xn} and to the n by d matrix whose ith row is X i . We assume a positive semidefinite kernel function k, which generalizes the notion of dot product in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) [1, 6]. Commonly used kernels include: linear: k(Xi, Xj) = X iXj polynomial: k(Xi, Xj) = (X iXj + 1) d gaussian: k(Xi, Xj) = exp ( ||Xi −Xj || σ2 ) The polynomial order d or gaussian bandwidth σ must be specified by the user. We define the kernel matrix K to satisfy Kij = k(Xi, Xj). Abusing notation slightly, we allow the kernel function k to take multiple data points and produce a matrix of results: k(X,X) = K, and, given an arbitrary point X∗, k(X,X∗) is a column vector whose ith entry is k(Xi, X∗). We note that the linear kernel (also called the dot-product kernel) has special computational properties, which we discuss in Section 5. Given a square matrixM , diagm(M) denotes the diagonal matrix satisfying diagm(M)ii =Mii, and diagv(M) the column vector satisfying diagv(M)i = Mii. We abuse notation somewhat by assuming that fractional division is done elementwise, so a vector divided by a vector yields another vector. We use the standard convention that I represents an identity matrix of the appropriate size (we occasionally index the size of the matrix for clarity, e.g. In), and ei represents a column vector with a 1 in the ith position and zeros elsewhere.


This paper is aimed at the probability between signal sensing nodes on the sensor and outside source signal in the specified region,first reasonable layout random signal sensing nodes,and establishes the uniform distribution model of the probability through the calculation and deducibility,then gives the probability between signal sensing nodes and outside source signal.


Abstract Epon 826 epoxy resin in conjunction with Epikure 3140 curing agent was used in this study to fabricate underfill nanocomposites. Nanofiller of 500nm hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was incorporated in the underfill epoxy using the ultrasonication technique to alter their thermal and viscoelastic properties. Filler contents ranging from 1% to 5% volume fractions (vol%) were used to investigate changes in thermal behavior and viscoelastic properties of underfill with an increase in filler content. Thermal analysis has demonstrated an increase in thermal conductivity of underfill by increasing the filler loading. The 5% vol% 500nm hBN underfill composite showed a thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/m.K as compared to neat epoxy with the thermal conductivity of about 0.2 W/m.K; presenting enhancement in thermal conductivity of underfill material. Furthermore, studying viscoelastic properties of fabricated underfills suggested the influence of filler and filler loading on viscoelastic properties of underfills.


Decay and discoloration are the principal defects that reduce quality of northern hardwoods in New England. We need to know how to minimize these defects in young growing stock, and how to recognize them in merchantable trees. To determine accurately the amount of internal defect in trees, we must know the quantitative relationships between external signs on stems and the losses within them. The purpose of this note is to point out the defect pattern associated with dead stubs of main stems that persist on living northern hardwoods.


Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the major component of plant storage lipids. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step of the Kennedy pathway, and responsible for plant oil accumulation. We previously found DGAT activity of Vernonia galamensis DGAT1 was distinctively higher than that of Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT1 and soybean DGAT1 in a yeast microsome assay. In this study, the DGAT1 cDNAs of Arabidopsis, Vernonia, soybean, and castor were introduced into Arabidopsis (ecotype Col-0). All Vernonia DGAT1 expressing lines showed a significantly higher oil content (average 49% relative increase compared to the wild type) followed by soybean, and castor. Most Arabidopsis DGAT1 over-expressing lines did not show a significant increase. In addition to these four DGAT1s, sunflower, Jatropha and sesame DGAT1 genes were introduced into the TAG biosynthesis defective yeast mutant (H1246). In the yeast expression culture, DGAT1s from Arabidopsis, castor, and soybean only slightly increased TAG content, however, DGAT1s from Vernonia, sunflower, Jatropha, and sesame remarkably increased TAG content more than 10 times higher than the former three DGAT1s. Three amino acid residues were characteristically common in the latter four DGAT1s. Using soybean DGAT1, these amino acid substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis was performed and analyzed. These substitutions substantially increased the TAG content. Highlight DGAT1s from several plant species were tested their TAG accumulation promotion in Arabidopsis and yeast. They were divided into high and low function and single amino acid substitution enhanced function