By taking into consideration tool specific distortion signatures and reticle specific placement characteristics in an alignment control system the control quality of sophisticated APC strategies may significantly be enhanced. Respective correction data may be established on the basis of any combinations of tool/reticles and layers to be aligned to each other, which may modify the respective target values of alignment parameters used for controlling the alignment process on the basis of standard overlay measurement data obtained from dedicated overlay marks.


This paper describes the system and service concept of ATM Wireless Access system (AWA) to enable high-speed and ubiquitous access for multimedia services, system architecture of AWA, and technical challenges to realize ATM transport over wireless systems. In addition, it outlines a prototype AWA using 25 GHz band and the standardization efforts related to wireless ATM in Europe, USA, and Japan.


We propose a cost-effective, reconfigurable optical access network by employing passive components in the remote node and dual conventional optical transceivers in ONUs. The architecture is demonstrated with bidirectional transmission at 10 Gb/s.


environmental restoration of metalscontaminated soils environmental restoration of metals contaminated soils environmental restoration of metals-contaminated soils remediation of metals-contaminated soils and groundwater environmental remediation technologies for metal environmental remediation technologies for metal environmental restoration of metals contaminated soils environmental restoration of metals-contaminated soils remediation of metaland radionuclidescontaminated environmental implications of phosphate-based amendments environmental restoration of metals contaminated soils site remediation techniques supporting environmental microbial transformations of radionuclides and proven technologies and remedies guidance remediation of heavy metal uptake and translocation by mangium (acacia heavy metals contamination, inauspicious wallop on remediation engineering of contaminated soils waste reduction by characterization and separation of title: waste reduction by separation of contaminated soils remediation of a heavy metals contaminated site with a camp pendleton environmental restoration denix benefits of on-site management of environmental design and development of a continuous-flow countercurrent a review of biochars' potential role in the remediation contaminated soils, sediments and water environmental restoration record of decision environmental restoration of metals contaminated soils pdf ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with environmental remediation iaea environmental restoration record of decision review basic concepts on heavy metal soil bioremediation biomanagement of metal-contaminated soils springer restoration of heavy metals polluted soils case study bioremediation: contaminated soil restoration environmental implications of phosphatebased amendments environmental restoration nnss lecture 14 miscellaneous topics in remediation: new biomanagement of metal contaminated soils cvpi record of decision installation restoration program sites environmental impact and soil remediation in contaminated use of california human health screening levels (chhsls phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil


Manganese sulfate and Punica granatum plant extract were used to create MnO2 nanoparticles, which were then characterized using techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystal's size was calculated to be 30.94nm by employing the Debye Scherrer equation in X-ray diffraction. MnO2 NPs were shown to be effective in adsorbing M(II) = Co, Ni, and Cu ions, proving that all three metal ions may be removed from water in one go. Ni(II) has a higher adsorption rate throughout the board. Co, Ni, and Cu ion removal efficiencies were 32.79%, 75.00%, and 30.20%, respectively. Two species of bacteria and one type of fungus were examined at three different use concentrations if possible of MnO2 nanoparticles. Antibiotics like Amoxicillin and Metronidazole were used as a control group to see how the findings stacked up.


ABSTRACT. I describe integrated analysis and Bayesian analysis, which have been two of the most influential paradigms in fisheries stock assessment during the last two decades of the twentieth century. These two paradigms have generally been considered complementary, rather than competing. However, recent advances in integrated analysis, including the special case of meta‐analysis, have made Bayesian analysis somewhat redundant. I describe how data used to create priors for use in Bayesian analysis can be integrated directly into the analyses. This provides a much more convenient way of accurately including the information and associated uncertainty into the analyses. I discuss how there is still a need to describe the uncertainty and suggest that research should focus on the most appropriate methods for doing this.


The defense of the scientific qualities of P. C. Neijens's choice questionnaire (The Choice Questionnaire: Design and Evaluation of an Instrument for Collecting Informed Opinions of a Population, Amsterdam: Free U Press, 1987) by P. Neijens, J. A. de Ridder, & W. E. Saris (see SA 36:3/88T5381) is challenged. It is argued that faulty arguments & neglect of relevant facts have overshadowed this positive appraisal. Further experimentation is recommended to clarify several issues & test the validity of crucial assumptions. 3 References. Modified HA


The droplet size distribution, stability, flow and viscoelastic properties of 35% oil-in-water emulsions stabilised with 1% w/w Tween 60 and: (i) 5% potato starch (PS), (ii) 5% potato starch and 0.5% xanthan gum (PS + XG), or (iii) 1% xanthan gum (XG), with and without the addition of 0.5M NaCl were studied. Visual inspection of the emulsions that contained XG and PS + XG, with and without NaCl, showed that they remained stable after 6 months. Emulsions stabilised with PS (without salt) showed an incipient interface after four months storage, while those containing 0.5 M NaCl destabilised within a month. The presence of NaCl did not affect droplet size distribution. Microscopic observations showed that all the emulsions flocculated. The rheological properties of these emulsions were characterised on a controlled-stress rheometer. The linear viscoelasticity was determined by oscillatory measurements that revealed the systems that exhibited weak gel-like properties. The addition of NaCl to the systems caused a decrease of viscosity, storage modulus and of loss modulus for emulsions containing PS and PS + XG while it did not affect emulsions prepared with XG alone. The viscoelastic linear behaviour was described according to the Maxwell generalised model and the discrete relaxation time spectra of the emulsions by means of the BSW-CW model.


................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Computerized Biometric Employee Clocking System ...................................... 2 1.1.2 Operational Performance ................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital ................................................................. 5 1.2 Research Problem ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Value of the Study ...................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 9 2.


Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 709/203 WHITE & CASE LLP (57) ABSTRACT PATENT DEPARTMENT 1155 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK, NY 10036 (US) A communication system for use in entertainment games comprises a server accessible by a plurality of game users via a mobile communications network. The server is con figured to request the availability of first data, preferably correlated to money, from game users and facilitates real time communication between users. The server allows a user to correlate its first data to the result of a comparison made (22) Filed: Apr. 13, 2006 during game play and is configured to automatically CO pare second data entered by users to determine the result. Preferably, the second data is dependent on and/or affected (21) Appl. No.: 11/404,402


Objective To assess the usefulness and practical experience in vertebral artery occlusion in the treatment of vertebrobasilar aneurysms with the balloons. Methods Under local anesthesia,five cases of vertebrobasilar aneurysms were performed ballons occlusion vertebral artery at the end of PICA which is close to heart after a successful ballon Mata's test. Results Occlusion was achieved in 5 cases without any complication. Conclusion Vertebral artery occlusion with detachable ballons in the treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is safe,effective and reliable and it may offer the vure opportunity to those aneurysms which are unclippable. It is useful to preventing ischemia with systenatic anticoagulation.


Cancer remains a major health issue worldwide due to the high rate of its morbidity and mortality. Search for tumor selective, novel anticancer compounds with lesser side-effects remains a major focus of cancer research. Endophytic fungi, owing to their chemical diversity, are an attractive source of bioactive metabolites. In the present study, we have explored the endophytic fungal population associated with a traditional Indian medicinal plant, Saraca asoca for their cytotoxic potentialities. Taxonomic identities and phylogenetic relationships of the fungal isolates were investigated using molecular techniques. 37 fungal species obtained from S. asoca were grouped into 22 genera of which the most dominant genus was Camarosporium followed by Pestalotiopsis and Fusarium. Fermentation extracts of all fungal isolates were assessed for their cytotoxic effects towards three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, HepG2 and PC3. 18 fungi exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities among which Pestalotiopsis sp. 6 exhibited the most significant cytotoxicity towards all three cell lines used. Apoptosis inducing effect of Pestalotiopsis sp. 6 ethyl acetate culture extract (PS6) on HeLa cell line was further assessed by in vitro assays. PS6 induced mitochondria dependent apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells in a dose dependent manner. The study suggests these fungal extracts to be potential sources of secondary metabolites which can serve as promising lead molecules for the development of novel anti-cancer agents.


Glitches are sudden increases in the rotational frequency (ν) of a neutron star. Glitches usually occur as fractional increase in the frequency of the order of ⁄ = .In this work we study the glitch in normal and magnetar pulsar stars, glitches are small or absent in the millisecond pulsar star because it is old star whereas the weak glitch activity of young pulsars by the fact that their internal temperatures are still too high for the crust to store a large stress .The results showed that NART (pulsed emission only at infrared) normal pulsar has more glitches than AXP (Anomalous X-ray Pulsar) and HE (Spin-powered pulsar with pulsed emission from radio to infrared or higher frequencies) stars, as the same time HE stars have more glitches than AXP, in a good agreement with the previous studies. From the results can be conclude that study of neutron star glitches is a very important study in the evolution of neutron star as it helps in probing the neutron star interior.


This research combines APSK and DNN to solve the power limitation and nonlinearity problem in underwater visible light communication (UVLC) systems. DNN performs both the demodulation and equalization tasks. Compared with QAM plus conventional post-equalization method, APSK with DNN demodulator increases the usable Vpp range by at most 75% and reduces the minimum BER by more than 30%. It shows that DNN, especially complex-valued DNN, would be promising in UVLC as an integrated demodulator/post-equalizer.


The population of engineers is insufficient to meet long-term demand; although immigration is boosting the numbers and adding diversity to the mix, women are still severely underrepresented 1,2 . The recruitment of women into these programs is a clear opportunity to meet industry demand for engineers. Young women occupy an increasing percentage of the seats in high school physics classrooms 3,4 . This paper explores why these women pursue unrelated careers ‐ instead of applied physical sciences ‐ by reviewing, decade-by-decade, the history of feminist influences on education in British Columbia and on Canadian society.


e17035 Background: There are no validated prognostic factors to predict response of chemo/RT in LASCHNC. Tumor volume as well as post-treatment CT radiology response have been studied in small retrospective series. An analysis of tumor volume and CT radiology response-score to endoscopic and pathologic responses as well as disease free survival was performed.

METHODS
In a single institution phase I-II study LASCHNC of oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were treated with concurrent radiation, cisplatin and erlotinib. 34 patients (pts) underwent a base line and post treatment CT (after 6 weeks), endoscopic evaluation and biopsy. Tumor volume was measured by multiplying the longest diameter by 0,523. (Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005), CT post-treatment changes score used as proposed by Pamejier et al., using a 3-point CT-score: 1 = expected post-treatment changes; 2 = focal mass with a maximal diameter of < 1 cm and/or asymmetric obliteration of laryngeal tissue planes; 3 = focal mass with a diameter of > 1 cm, or < 50% estimated tumor volume reduction.

RESULTS
Median tumor volume (mTV) was 21cm3 (0.3 to 178), median disease free survival (mDFS) in pts with tumor volume greater than mTV was 20.4 months and not reached in patients with tumor volume lower than mTV, log-rank 5.9, p = 0.015. The median tumor volume reduction by CT was 84% (-62 a 100%), 8pts were classified as score 1 (23.5%), 1pt score 2 (2.9%), 25pts score 3 (73%). There was a tendency for shorter DFS for those with a score 3, log-rank 3.05, p = 0.08. With a median follow-up of 24 months, 88% of score 1.2 are alive, versus 56% of score 3.

CONCLUSIONS
There is a great variability in TV in LASCHNC, small tumor volumes were related to longer DFS and there is no correlation between tumor reduction and post-treatment CT score. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The article proves the necessity to determine the factor influence on the transformation of reached economic and financial results of institutions of primary secondary education and higher professional education


Phosphorescent compounds with high emission intensities are important for their practical applications, which require to lower the susceptibility of triplet excitons to surroundings. Herein a non-covalent clipping strategy has been developed to attain this objective, by designing a tweezer receptor to encapsulate Pt(II)-based triplet emitters via two-fold π-stacking interactions. The Pt(II) emitters display robust phosphorescence by virtue of synergistic rigidifying and shielding effects, which are hardly influenced by emitter concentration, oxygen content, and solvent polarity changes. The phosphorescent colors are elaborately modulated by varying ligand substitutes on Pt(II) emitters. Circularly polarized phosphorescence is further amplified for chiral Pt(II) emitters, by taking advantage of dual phosphorescence and chirality enhancement upon non-covalent tweezer complexation. Overall, the clipping approach paves the way for the development of high-performance phosphorescent materials with bright emission and environmental robustness.


A method of improving measurement of T-wave alternans (TWA) in an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal involves omitting certain beats from TWA data in order to remove artefacts and so provide cleaner data. ECG data in the form of alternating consecutive odd and even beats is received and the variability of at least one odd or even beat is calculated. If the variability exceeds a given threshold the beat is rejected. If the variability is within the threshold, the beat will not be rejected unless there are an odd number of consecutive beats. Variability may be determined using one of a number of methods (e.g. standard deviation, the difference between TWA of an odd or even beat and the TWA of the previous consecutive odd or even beat).


Most astrophysical sources powered by accretion on to a black hole, either of stellar mass or supermassive, when observed with hard X-rays show signs of a hot Comptonizing component in the flow, the so-called corona, with observed temperatures and optical depths lying in a narrow range (0.1≲τ≲1 and 1×109 K≲T≲3×109 K). Here we argue that these facts constitute strong supporting evidence for a magnetically dominated corona. We show that the inferred thermal energy content of the corona, in all black hole systems, is far too low to explain their observed hard X-ray luminosities, unless either the size of the corona is at least of the order of 103 Schwarzschild radii, or the corona itself is in fact a reservoir, where the energy is mainly stored in the form of a magnetic field generated by a sheared rotator (probably the accretion disc). We briefly outline the main reasons why the former possibility is to be discarded, and the latter preferred.


This Master's Thesis is about the topic gender equality and diversity management in business in general as well as in the banking industry specifically. The hermeneutical review of the topic is followed by an empirical research which was conducted in the Czech Bank Ceska spořitelna. In particular, its diversity and inclusion program Diversitas, which was implemented a few years ago, is examined and evaluated in terms of impact and caused changes. For this purpose, the author conducted qualitative expert interviews with managers (both female and male) of the bank who were all at least to some extent (directly or indirectly) involved in the process of the project implementation and could keep track of the program development. The results of this research showed that diversity management programs like Diversitas have very positive effects on the company in general but that their impact in terms of bringing about gender balance in top management and board positions is to some extent limited.


THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND ARRANGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL GRAINS COMPOSING A SOIL MASS, REFERRED TO AS STRUCTURE, HAVE PROFOUND INFLUENCE ON THE ENGINEERING BEHAVIOR OF SOIL. THESE ENGINEERING ASPECTS CONCERN SENSITIVE SOILS, COMPRESSIBILITY, AND PERMEABILITY. IN ADDITION THERE ARE TWO LIMITATIONS INHERENT IN STUDYING SOIL MECHANICS AND STRUCTURE: (1) SOIL STRUCTURES ARE NOT CLEARLY DEFINED, AND (2) SOIL STRUCTURES LACK SUFFICIENT QUANTIFICATION. MERCURY-INJECTION IS PROPOSED AS A MEANS OF DESCRIBING THE PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF FRIABLE LOESS IN UNDISTURBED AND COMPACTED STATES. THIS METHOD IS BASED ON THE WASHBURN EQUATION WHICH GIVES THE PRESSURE REQUIRED TO FORCE MERCURY INTO CAPILLARY PORES. THE PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES COMPACTED TO ESSENTIALLY THE SAME VOID RATIO AS THE FIELD CONDITION SHOWS FEWER LARGE-SIZE PORES AND, IN GENERAL, A MORE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF PORE SIZES THAN THE UNDISTURBED SAMPLES. LOESS SAMPLES COMPACTED TO VARIOUS DENSITIES AT OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT SHOW THAT THERE IS A DECREASE IN MEAN PORE SIZE WITH INCREASING COMPACTION AND THAT THE MAJOR REDUCTION IN PORE VOLUME IS ACHIEVED BY REDUCING THE LARGER PORES. A COMPARISON OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS AND CURVES OF GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION REVEALS THAT VARIOUS TYPES OF LOESS STRUCTURES CAN BE CLASSIFIED. THE 3 PREVALENT STRUCTURES IN LOESS ARE THE PARTICULATE IN WHICH PRIMARY GRAINS ARE IN CONTACT AND THE VOIDS ARE IN GENERAL MUCH SMALLER THAN THE GRAINS, THE COMPOSITE IN WHICH THE PRIMARY GRAINS ARE AGGREGATED INTO SECONDARY CLUSTERS AND THE SIZES OF FEW VOIDS ARE LARGER THAN THE GRAINS, AND THE HONEYCOMB IN WHICH THE GRAINS FROM ARCHES OVER MANY LARGE VOIDS. VOID RATIO AND POROSITY ARE 2 COMMON PARAMETERS USED BY SOIL ENGINEERS TO GIVE SOME INDICATION OF STRUCTURE; HOWEVER, A COMPARISON OF THE DATA SHOWS THAT DIFFERENT SOILS MAY HAVE THE SAME VOID RATIO BUT VERY DIFFERENT PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS. THE PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION MAY BE AS IMPORTANT AS THE OTHER PARAMETERS, OR POSSIBLY MORE SO, IN EXPLAINING THE MECHANISTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOIL INSOFAR AS IT IS ONE MEANS OF QUANTIFYING SOIL STRUCTURE. /AUTHOR/


Although Chaucer's Hous of Fame appears in so many ways to have been iconographically inspired, one is surprised that critical and interpretative activity has most often been concerned with the explication of the purely literary and scriptural sources of the poem. An early exception was Rosemond Tuve, who, in relating it to a poem by Guillaume de Deguilleville, noted that several manuscripts of Lydgate's translation of Guillaume's Pelerinage de la vie humaine contained illustrations of a revolving tower and a bird with a man's face. J.A.W. Bennett, in his illuminating study of the poem, has made several brief allusions to its traditional iconography. However, until the recent appearance of an article by John Leyerle, 'Chaucer's Windy Eagle,' neither the central importance to the poem of the Eagle nor the complicated variety of its sources had been persuasively emphasized. In addition to origins in literature, natural history, and astronomy, Leyerle proposes and demonstrates as a source the gleaming brass ...


The dimeric nitrosyl chloride adducts of tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arabino-hex-1- and D-lyxo-hex-1- enitols (glycals) dissociate in dimethylformamide to the monomeric forms which rapidly isomerize to the corresponding tri-O-acetyl-2-oximino-α-D-hexopyranosyl chlorides. Evidence is provided for the dehydrochlorination of these latter compounds to highly reactive tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-D-hex-1-enitols.


21 Appl. No.: 909,489 57 ABSTRACT A video signal encoding system includes a signal pro ar. cessor for segmenting encoded video data into transport 22 Filed: Jul. 6, 1992 blocks having a header section and a packed data sec tion. The system also includes reset control apparatus 51) Int. Cl........................... H04N 7/12; H04N 5/2; for releasing resets of system components, after a global HO4N 7/04 system reset, in a prescribed non-simultaneous phased 52 U.S. C. ...................................... 348/384; 375/25; sequence to enable signal processing to commence in 375/27; 370/110.1; 348/469 the prescribed sequence. The phased reset release se 58) Field of Search ............... 358/133, 141, 135, 136, quence begins when valid data is sensed as transiting the 358/142, 143, 144, 138, 160, 12, 11; 375/122, data lines. 25, 27; 364/725; 371/2; 341/143; 370/118, 109, 110.1, 99; H04N 7/12, 7/00, 7/04, 5/2 9 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets


The pulsed laser has gradually become the standard method of studying the single-event effects of micro-nano devices, and it is a powerful supplement to heavy ion experiments on single-event effects. In particular, with the continuous improvement of the technological range and operating frequency of electronic devices, the femtosecond pulse laser has the potential for broad applications and practical value in the single-event effects testing and radiation hardness evaluations of devices. The single-event effects of single-photon and two-photon absorption were studied with a laser of 1064 nm and 1260 nm, and the influences of SPA (single-photon absorption) and TPA (two-photon absorption) on the single-event transient voltage under different pulse laser energies were analyzed. The test results of the TPA SEE (single-event effect) were basically consistent with those of the SPA SEE, and the trend of the change in the transient voltage pulse was consistent. These results lay a foundation for the application of the femtosecond pulse laser in the performance evaluation and screening of space electronic devices and the radiation hardness evaluation of satellite electronic systems.


This article contrasts the proposed benefits of social impact bonds (SIBs) with the more mixed performance of initial projects, and reviews the early literature, revealing a similar divide between initial optimism and subsequent critique. Despite this, SIBs continue to receive high-level support, while expanding their reach through controversial new 'development' and 'environmental' impact bonds. This situation deserves more scrutiny in the accounting literature.


The preservation of cultural practices within the framework of the UNESCO ICH lists has been tied to the protection of cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and community identity. Moreover, it is inextricably linked to questions of national identity, especially given that submissions are made on an (internationally recognised) nation-state basis. This becomes problematic in the case of long-standing unrecognised states, such as the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). The protracted refugee status of the Saharawi people—based in refugee camps in the south-western Algerian desert since Morocco occupied their homeland Western Sahara in 1975—is a major obstacle in their struggle for independence. Their recent history of war, occupation, exile and cultural appropriation has threatened the survival of Saharawi musical and poetic practices, as well as restricting their access to international bodies that could provide cultural safeguarding assistance. To address this situation, the Saharawi cultural authorities have collaborated with international organisations (e.g. the Autonomous University of Madrid and the British Library) to create archives of Saharawi poetry and music. In addition, every year they organise large festivals to showcase traditional culture, featuring musical competitions especially aimed at youth. To prepare for these competitions, young people—who have gradually become less aware of the Saharawi Bedouin way of life before exile—are assisted by national musicians and encouraged to research their own traditional music by establishing dialogues with the elders. So far, these measures have had significant short-term impact on the local population, engaging the youth in anecdotal research on their traditional culture; however, due to the Saharawi government's chronic lack of resources, it has been impossible both to sustain such measures in the long term and to achieve international recognition. Focusing on two case studies—1) the British Library preservation project "Portraits of Saharawi Music" and 2) a music competition during the Saharawi national celebrations in February 2014—this article explores the efforts of the SADR to safeguard their musical heritage using a mix of material (recorded archives) and non-material (oral transmission) strategies. It also analyses the ways in which socio-political interests such as the reinforcement of a self-built national identity have encouraged the need to keep particular styles (e.g. traditional/national music) alive under the label of intangible heritage preservation.


Due to the impact of inrush current of transformer, made a voltage drop by source impedance as well as by sensitive loads. That's why, necessary action is required to reduce the inrush current. Many factors like, secondary winding load, material of transformer core, Saturation flux/residual flux of transformer core, capacity of transformer, supply impedance, voltage-starting phase angle, are affecting the inrush current of transformer. Some different types of methods for inrush current reduction are listed in this paper. Out of that, sequential switching method is adopted for the reduction inrush current.


High frequency operation of pulse tube cooler driven by linear compressor could lead to a compacter system and a higher specific power.This article carried out the study of a coaxial pulse tube cryocooler driven by linear compressor.Firstly,the coupling characteristics between the compressor and cryocooler are analyzed.The resontant frequency was adjusted to 280 Hz by changing the front volume of the compressor,which was able to provide pressure ratio required.The cooler achieved a no-load cold-head temperature of 63.3 K and cooling power of 1.0 W at 77 K with an acoustic power consumption of about 44 W.Compared to the acoustic power,a relative Carnot efficiency of 6.2%was acquired.The influence of different parameters such as inertance tube length,operating frequency and mean pressure were investigated experimentally.


In this paper we are interested in fractional stochactic differential equations (SDEs) with a soft wall. What do we mean by such a type of equation? It has been established that SDE with reflection can be imagined as equations having a hard wall. Now, by introducing repulsion instead of reflection, one obtains an SDE with a soft wall. In contrast to the SDE with reflection, where the process cannot pass the hard wall, the soft wall is repulsive but not impenetrable. As the process crosses the soft wall boundary, it experiences the force of a chosen magnitude in the opposite direction. When the process is far from the wall, the force acts weakly. We find conditions under which SDE with a soft wall has a unique solution and construct an implicit Euler approximation with a rate of convergence for this equation. Using the example of the fractional Vasicek process with soft walls, we illustrate the dependence of the behaviour of the solution on the repulsion force.


The organic waste treatment process using Black Soldier Larvae (BSF) produces liquid biofertilizer (LB) that contains functional microbes and macro and micronutrients that potentially can stimulate plant growth. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of liquid biofertilizer from waste bioconversion by BSF on the growth of arabica coffee seedlings. The experiment used a randomized block design with 7 treatments, which consisted of: no treatment (control), 1.5% LB spraying, 3% LB spraying, 6% LB spraying, 3% LB watering, 6% LB watering, and 12% LB watering, with 4 replications and each replication containing 10 plants. All treatments were given once a month, to the 1-month-old seedlings. The test results showed that the application of LB significantly increased stem diameter and the number of leaves of Arabica coffee seedlings 4 months after application (MAA). In seedlings aged 4 MAA, spraying 6% LB resulted in the highest increase in stem diameter, while the highest number of leaves was obtained from watering 3% LB. Additionally, in 12 months old seedlings, Arabica coffee's highest fresh shoot weight was obtained by spraying 1.5% LB compared to other treatments.


The present invention relates to a special treatment to substantially remove low molecular weight sulfur compounds, in particular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) flavor oil, the oil comprises menthol flavor, spice flavor, and fruit-based agent. It has been found, the sulfur compounds are malodorous substances such as dimethyl sulfide and methyl mercaptan major precursor. These odorous substances produced by the redox reaction, the reaction involving such sulfur-containing compounds contained in the oil flavor. The preferred treatment method is washing, the washing method is simple, inexpensive and advantages of ease of implementation, while it is important to avoid the typical method has a problem, the problem including non-selective removal of desired components and that the flavor oil is subjected to extreme conditions may cause damage to other components and undesirable flavor or odor characteristic change occurs. Removing the non-desired component processing method comprises (1) is selectively distilled to remove polar other low-boiling components, (2) was filtered through an adsorbent selective for sulfur compounds, (3) and countercurrent extraction ( 4) column chromatography. The processing method may be optionally followed by transformation of the necessary components to flow back during the addition process has been removed or changed. Specially treated flavor oils particularly useful in oral care compositions, oral care composition comprising a component having a chemical reducing ability, for example, stannous ion, a stannous ion can react with the malodorous sulfur compounds to produce the product.


This dissertation contends that The Tempest by William Shakespeare plays a seminal role in the development of postcolonial literature and criticism because it was created in a moment when the colonial system that was now falling apart was just beginning to come into being. Creative writers and critics from the Third World, particularly Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America, and the First found that the moment reflected in The Tempest had something very specific to say to a generation coming of age in the postcolonial world of the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. I establish that a significant discourse that begins in the Nineteenth Century and intensifies in the Twentieth depends on The Tempest to explore the nature of colonialism and to develop an understanding of the postcolonial world. I then examine the role theories of adaptation play in understanding why The Tempest assumes such a crucial role and determine that the most useful model of adaptation resembles the method developed by biblical typologists which "sets two successive historical events [or periods] into a reciprocal relation of anticipation and fulfillment" (Brumm 27). I ague that postcolonial writers and critics found in The Tempest evidence of a history of colonial oppression and resistance often obscured by established historical narratives and a venue to explore their relationship to their past, present, and future. Because my argument rests on the contention that The Tempest was created in a world where colonialism was coming into being, I explore the historical context surrounding the moment of the play's creation and determine, in spite of the contention of many historians and some literary critics to the contrary, the forces bringing colonialism into being were already at play and were having a profound effect. After briefly illustrating the historical roots of several popular themes in The Tempest that postcolonial writers have embraced, I turn to the work of writers and critics from the Third World and the First to show how The Tempest plays a significant role in postcolonial studies.%%%%PhD


In the latter stage of modem philosophy in the nineteenth century, leading thinkers stated their intention to overcome an objectionable antinomy by somehow combining theory and practice. Hegel remained a notable exception to this trend when he insisted that the philosophic science of right, and the state, was theoretical. Once those who argued, in opposition, that the task of philosophers was to change, not merely interpret the world, it was the theory of practice that was paramount. Of course, there were those who simply would do away with theory altogether and adopt a kind of practicalism, but usually, as with the utilitarians and positivists, some kind of theory was still required even if the main direction was practical. More recently, John Dewey, set out to overcome any dichotomy between theory and practice, knowing and doing, having discarded the idea of a purely theoretical philosophy. 1 Richard Rorty's version of pragmatism, free of Dewey's scientism, simply embraces localized practice.2 At least one wellknown proponent of the Analytic school has accepted the division of theoretical and practical knowledge, but then proceeds to deal with ethical concepts in a completely theoretical fashion. 3 Parallel in many respects to Dewey, Habermas-searching for the tasks remaining to philosophical thought "after the breakdown of metaphysics"-maintained, "The future of philosophical thought is a matter of political practice." So the tendency apparent in anum-


Evaluating the relative amounts of stored or moving water through the different components of
the hydrological cycle is required for precise management and planning of water resources. An important aspect of
this evaluation is the partitioning of streamflow into surface and baseflow components. A prior study evaluated forty
different approaches for hydrograph-partitioning on a field scale watershed in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern
United States and concluded that the Boughton method produced the most consistent and accurate results.
However, its accuracy depends upon the proper estimation of: 1) the inflection point on the recession limb of the
hydrograph, and 2) the fraction factor (a) that is function of many physical and hydrologic characteristics of a
watershed. Proper identification of the inflection point was accomplished by using a 2nd derivative approach, which
was automated by writing a computer program in Visual BASIC. Applying this approach to twelve years of streamflow
data proved to be accurate for 87% of the time. Estimation of the a value was accomplished in this study using two
steps; first, alpha was fitted to individual hydrographs, and, second, a regression equation that determines these
alpha values based on watersheds hydrologic characteristics (e.g. rainfall, evaporation) was developed. Using these
strategies for identifying a values and inflection points improved the streamflow partitioning method's performance
significantly. It is anticipated that these improvements will contribute to the accuracy of this method on streamflow
partitioning for large-scale watersheds with diverse soils and cover conditions.


Abstract Piloting in the Panama Canal is exceptional as, due to its importance, the functions of the captains of vessels are taken over by pilots. Hence, prior to inauguration of the expanded canal, a limited number of pilots experienced on the existing canal were certified for the transit of Neopanamax vessels by means of planned and innovative individual learning. After this organisational training through operative training, with the implementation of the expanded canal in June 2016, the routine training started. Hence the learning curve in the performance of these manoeuvres will represent the growing skill acquired by both the pilots and the organisation. Given that the learning effect is measurable, this paper has the dual objective of determining two curve models: the organisation operative learning curve model and the routine learning curve model for pilots performing transit manoeuvres in the expanded Panama Canal waterways and the Cocolí and Agua Clara locks. Manoeuvre times in locks and transit in the whole of the canal were followed up continuously in the first 42 months of operation.


Large bone cutting surgeries are predominantly undertaken using sagittal saws, whereas ultrasonic devices are currently limited to small shallow cuts in bone, for example in maxillofacial surgeries. Given the known benefits of ultrasonic cutting, this study considers an approach of superimposing ultrasonic vibration on a sagittal saw blade motion by designing the saw as a planar transducer. Finite element modeling was used to establish piezoceramic and blade geometries, culminating in two designs, one for a longitudinal-mode transducer and one for a lateral-mode transducer. The two resulting planar transducers were manufactured, with the piezoceramic plates bonded to the blades using a high strength epoxy. Impendence plots confirmed the tuned ultrasonic frequency for each transducer. The ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the blade was also measured, although was limited by the device tracking and drive system. Initial cutting tests carried out on a sagittal saw test rig demonstrated small reductions in cut temperature and cut time compared with control blades. These are very early, but promising results for developing this new surgical technology.


Measurements are performed on a variety of GaAs MESFET devices to show that the observed differences between the static and pulsed current/voltage characteristics do not arise entirely from self-heating effects. The results show that a significant reason for the differences arises from frequency-dispersion effects. The data presented show the relationship between temperature, bias and frequency.


This article is the result of a literary revision presenting the current social and economic conditions in Colombia, as well as the two primary causes of mortality in the country's population and the demographic context to finally conclude describing their influence on Colombian family health. The health situation in Colombia is given by a structurally heterogenic profile in which diseases caused by poverty and development are combined. Thus, violent deaths and chronic diseases are shown to be the two primary mortality causes. Both have influenced the transformation of family structure (family role and typology changes) and functionality (changes in behavior patterns, responsibilities and intrafamily tasks) in a negative manner. Death by violent causes affects the socially active and reproductive-age youths. Death due to chronic entities is characterized by the negative influence the process previous to the death has on the family group. The transformations on the structure and functionality of Colombian families generated by the two causes mentioned are worsened by the difficult economic, social and political conditions present in the country.


OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors and clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who received chemotherapy.METHODS Ninety-one cases of senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia received 304 times of chemotherapy with etiological examination,to analyze the relationship between nosocomial infection and absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood,the cellularity of the marrow and chronic systemic disorder.RESULTS All indicators of senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were higher than those of younger patients(P0.05).Infection rate of senile patients in the lower respiratory tract,oral cavity,gastrointestinal tract,skin,anus and septicemia was higher(P0.05),but the infection rate of upper respiratory tract and uncertain position was lower(P0.05) than that of younger patients.Positive rate of fungal infection of senile patients was higher(P0.05).All indicators of nosocomial infection in senile patients during remission-induced chemotherapy were higher than that during concurrent chemoradiotherapy(P0.05).The indicators of severe nosocomial infection patients which received standard chemotherapy protocol were higher than those received nonstandard chemotherapy protocol(P0.05).The absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood of patients with nosocomial infection was lower than 500/ml and prolonged over 7 days,but the hypoplasia of bone marrow at 14th day after chemotherapy was especially higher(P0.05),and patients with chronic systemic disorder was equal to the other patients(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Age,different stage of chemotherapy,the neutrocytopenia level and prolongation,and hypocellularity of bone marrow are related to the nosocomial infection in senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia,and the chronic systemic disorder is not a risk factor.


Research on fathering has substantially increased but we still know relatively little about whether and how fathers' own perspectives on their parenting differ across a variety of family situations. We estimate associations between nonresident fathers' family types and nonresident fathers' perceptions of the quality of their parenting and their relationships with their children, using data from the Child Support Noncustodial Parent Employment Demonstration program on lower-income nonresident fathers ( n = 5,835) and logistic regressions. High-quality parenting is more likely to be reported by nonresident fathers with multiple-partner fertility and both resident and nonresident children than either those with multiple-partner fertility and only nonresident children or those with single-partner fertility. High-quality relationships with children are more likely to be reported by those with single-partner fertility than those with multiple-partner fertility. These findings suggest the importance of resident children in fathers' perceptions of their parenting and highlight the difficulties of parenting across multiple households.


Software defined radio (SDR) techniques are a key enabler for multi standard terminals. Recent advancements in the evolution of powerful hardware allow the development of reconfigurable basebands and their integration in mobile systems. In this paper we propose a novel reconfiguration architecture for such systems. Due to its modular structure and its effective inter module communication both high efficiency and flexibility are enabled. For the developed structure we propose a tailored reconfiguration infrastructure suitable to deploy and configure these modules even in non operating system (OS) driven devices. In order to prove the concept of the architecture a reconfigurable OFDM demodulator is implemented and analysed.


We study the thermodynamic properties of dimerized spingapped quantum magnets with and without exchange anisotropy (EA) and Dzyaloshinsky and Moriya (DM) anisotropies within the mean-field approximation (MFA). For this purpose we obtain the thermodynamic potential Ω of a triplon gas taking into account the strength of DM interaction up to second order. The minimization of Ω with respect to self-energies Σn and Σan yields the equation for X1,2 = Σn ± Σan − μ, which define the dispersion of quasiparticles Ek = √ εk + X1 √ εk + X2 where εk is the bare dispersion of triplons. The minimization of Ω with respect to the magnitude ρ0 and the phase Θ of triplon condensate leads to coupled equations for ρ0 andΘ . We discuss the restrictions on ρ0 and Θ imposed by these equations for systems with and without anisotropy. The requirement of dynamical stability conditions (X1 > 0, X2 > 0) in equilibrium, as well as the Hugenholtz– Pines theorem, particularly for isotropic Bose condensate, impose certain conditions to the physical solutions of these equations. It is shown that the phase angle of a purely homogenous Bose– Einstein condensate (BEC) without any anisotropy may only take values Θ = πn (n=0, ±1,±2...) while that of BEC with even a tiny DM interaction results in Θ = π/2+2πn. In contrast to the widely used Hartree–Fock–Popov approximation, which allows arbitrary phase angle, our approach predicts that the phase angle † Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (A. Rakhimov), email@example.com (A. Khudoyberdiev), email@example.com (L. Rani), firstname.lastname@example.com (B. Tanatar). 1 In general all authors made equal contribution to this work. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2020.168361 003-4916/© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. A. Rakhimov, A. Khudoyberdiev, L. Rani et al. Annals of Physics 424 (2021) 168361


Before we talk about bounds on the size of a circuit, let us first clarify what we mean by circuit depth and circuit size. The depth of a circuit is defined as the length of the longest path from the input to output. The size of a circuit is the number of AND and OR gates in the circuit. Note that, for our purpose, we assume all the gates have unlimited fan-in and fan-out. We define AC0 to be the class of decision problems solvable by circuits of polynomial size and constant depth. We want to prove the result that PARITY is not in AC0. There are two known techniques to prove this result. In this class, we will talk about a proof which uses polynomials; in the next class we will look at a different proof which uses random restrictions.


It is well known that when two hard bodies are rubbed together with an abrasive slurry introduced to promote wear, the two wearing surfaces become complementary mating spherical surfaces. In addition, it is known empirically that the radii of the surfaces depend on the relative motion between the two bodies. We assume the wear rates of the surfaces obey Preston's equation, that is, wear is proportional to the relative velocity times the pressure between the surfaces. We then calculate the pressure between the surfaces as a function of the shapes of the surfaces and their relative motion.


NAELY IFADA.Profile Storage And Quality Of Medicine In The Health Inspection Area Banyumas (Ajibarang I, Ajibarang II, Cilongok I, Cilongok II, Pekuncen, Gumelar).
Instroduction : Community is the subject and the doer of national development Health community is one the keys of success in development. Therefore, health development is carried out as a part of national development with the purpose to improve awarenes, willingness, and ability of health livinf for everyone to apex of public health
Object : To evaluate the process of storing and medicine quality checking on public health care in Banyumas Recency to fit the pharmaceutical quality standar.
Method : The method used in this research is descriptive method.
Result : Maximum wavelength used on papaverine tablet samples was 250 nm, while on vitamin c tablet was 266 nm. Standard Linear Curve on papaverine tablets had concentrations of 6-22 ppm and obtained the linear equation y = 0,153x + 0,049, r = 0,998. While on vitamin c was 4-24 ppm and obtained the linear equation y = 0,036x + 0.109, r = 0,994. Content determination of vitamin c tablets obtained in each Public Health Care (Puskesmas), i.e Puskesmas Ajibarang I 36,190 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Ajibarang II 37,515 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Cilongok I 34,089 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Cilongok II 34,661 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Pekuncen 28,121 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Gumelar 11,618 mg /tablet. On the other hand, Content determination of papaverine tablets obtained n each Public Health Care ware Puskesmas Ajibarang I 33,522 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Ajibarang II 35,596 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Cilongok I 13,107 mg / tablet, Puskesmas Cilongok II 26,687 mg /tablet, Pekuncen Puskesmas 20.157 mg /tablet, Puskesmas Gumelar 26,533 mg /tablet.
Conclusion : Shows that in terms of the requirements of the warehouse is almost 100% of the overall health centers included in the criteria very well. In terms of storage means 69.44% showed sufficient criteria, then in terms of the storage procedure 86.67% showed very good criteria. Education level pharmacy staff determine the experience and insight in their duties, which is expected to improve the quality of drug storage. From 6 pukesmas, there are 3 health centers are educated as a nurse, one health center as a midwife, pharmacist assistant sebagaui 1 health center, and only one health center educated as a pharmacist. The results of the assay of papaverine and vitamin c tablets do not according the requirements that exist in Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. Possibility to papaverine tablet obtained as a sample of health centers have been damaged, as have decreased levels.


Fig. 2. A: Signal–time plots for several contrasts in a single voxel. Min, max, and TI values are shown, gray shading illustrates the stimulation periods. B: Data and IR model fits for two time points indicated by color. C: Baseline (3 time points preceding each simulation block) and activation (3 tp before control) signal for measured data, mean ± std. 5786 Multi-contrast inversion-recovery EPI (MI-EPI) functional MRI at 7 T Ville Renvall, Thomas Witzel, Marta Bianciardi, and Jonathan R. Polimeni Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States


In this paper is presented the study of air ionization in the outdoor ambient in correlation with all characteristic parameters, and the consequences of this effect. The regional spectrum of the measurements is very large. The experimental technique used in the measurements is contemporary and very effective.


A practical dwarfing rootstock for the persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), 'MKR1', is normally propagated by cuttings collected from root suckers. However, optimal conditions for propagating leaf-bud cuttings from this variety have not been researched. Thus, several methods influencing survival, rooting and root system structure were investigated in the present study. Cuttings planted in late June survived and rooted better than those planted in late July and August, and the rooted cuttings planted in late June also survived winter better. The two different irrigation methods, either a mist system, or a tray with a polyethylene tent (traypolyethylene-tent, or TPT) did not significantly affect survival and rooting. However, the primary root length was longer in the TPT and the root dry weight was heavier under the mist system. Although the rooting medium did not significantly affect the survival of cuttings, the rooting percentage of cuttings planted in perlite was the lowest. The cuttings planted in peat in late June and placed under the mist system had adventitious root initials 17 days after planting and adventitious roots were observed on the cuttings by 22 days after planting. A quadratic regression curve predicted that the highest rooting percentage would result from treatment of 'MKR1' cuttings with approximately 2000 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), while a different curve predicted that the lowest root number would result from treatment with approximately 1000 mg·L−1 IBA. Interestingly, more than 50% of the cuttings treated with a quick dip in 0 mg·L−1 IBA successfully rooted. Although the treatment with a higher IBA concentration resulted in greater root system development on the rooted cuttings, treatment with very high IBA concentrations such as 4000 or 5000 mg·L−1 caused fading of leaves and dieback of cuttings.


The symmetry or anti-symmetry 8-bank orthogonal wavelet filters for fast calculation with high order vanishing moment and short support are constructed by using the ingenious structure. The low-pass filter can determine seven high-pass filters by changing the sign and position in this wavelet system. This construction brings a lot of convenience for our calculation, which can be applied to the engineering background for using the free degrees.


A series of organic compounds in snow and ice were identified from Dasuopu glacier in Xixiabangma in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Organic compounds derived from natural organisms include n-alkanes ranging from C15 to C33, normal monocarboxylic acids of C 6 -C 18 , n-alkan-2-ones of C 24 -C 31 and esters. The unstable compounds widely present in lower troposphere disppear in the middle-upper troposphere. I^ots of other organic compounds from petroleum residues were also unexpectedly identified from the glacier, covering pristane, phytane, extended tricyclic terpanes of C 19 -C 29 , C 24 tetracyclic terpane, αβ hopane compounds of C 27 -C 35 , and cholestanes of C 27 -C 29 . The remote Xixiabangma region is unambiguously polluted from anthropology activities. The petroleum residues were proposed to be mainly from the Mideast and India, not from China. The organic pollutants from oil fires ignited during the well-known Gulf War which broke out in 1991 were also recorded in the glacier. Such organic indexes as n C 29 / n C1 7 , nC29/nC27 , n C29/ nC 24 , C 30 -ketone/C 30 -ester, C 24 -tetracyclic-/C 24 -tricyclic-terpane and CPIn ( n standing for n -alkanes) exhibit the same strong seasonal variation as δ 18 0, providing information on the atmospheric circulation of the plateau. These ratios decrease in summer half year when the monsoon dominated, and increase in winter half year when the westerly stream jet dominated.


… Introduction: Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a condition affecting the glenohumeral joint and leads to restricted painful shoulder. It is very debilitating. This not only affects the activities of daily living of a person but job related chores too. The inflammation of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint causes pain and restriction of the motion. Adhesive capsulitis can be characterized as primary or secondary. It can be secondary due to any underlying disease such as cervical spondylosis or diabetes mellitus. People affected seek different treatment options for this debilitating condition such as taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), steroid injections, taking physical therapy and some even go for surgical interventions. Objective: the objective of this research was to find out whether Kaltenborn mobilization technique alone improved the restricted shoulder abduction range of motion in better way or a combination of Kaltenborn mobilization and range of motion exercises was a better option. Study Design : randomized clinical trial (RCT). Setting : Fatima Memorial Hospital (FMH) Shadman Lahore. Period: a period of 6 months. Material and Methods : Group I: Thirty patients participated in this group and were treated with Kaltenborn mobilization technique along with range of motion exercises. Group II : The second group also consisted of thirty patients and were treated with Kaltenborn mobilization technique without range of motion exercises. Sample Size: Sixty patients were included in the research by taking 30 patients in each group. Systematic sampling was used in which all the odd ordered patients (1 st , 3 rd , 5 th etc.) were included in group I while all the even ordered patients (2 nd , 4 th , 6 th etc.) in group II. Results : For abduction the mean change was 29.33±10.65 in combination while for kaltenborn alone the mean change was 12.30±4.06. The values obtained for shoulder abduction were significantly higher in Kaltenborn + ROM group, p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: A combination of Kaltenborn mobilization along with range of motion exercises showed better results in improving shoulder abduction range of motion. exercises


Magnesium as a lightweight material is very useful to construct innovative lightweight designs in the automotive sector. The disadvantages are the mechanical properties for using magnesium in chassis or car body concepts. The advantages are the good castability in high-pressure die casting with high production rate in hot chamber die casting process and the low densities between 1,71 and 1,83 g/cm3. To compensate the low modulus of elasticity hollow structures can be integrated in structural parts to increase the stiffness. The gas injection process is a possibility to create hollow structures by using a high pressure of nitrogen. The main benefits of this process are creating channels in high-pressure die casting parts and reducing of porosity in thick parts by setting a high gas pressure, a shorter cycle time through a faster cooling rate. INTRODUCTION The use of lightweight materials for car body construction and body-in-white (BIW) helps to meet the current environmental demands regarding CO2 emission and fuel consumption. It is necessary to tap the high potential of lightweight design by using especially lightweight materials, such as magnesium. High-Pressure die casting offers the possibility to manufacture structural parts from lightweight materials such as aluminum and magnesium in large quantities and at a moderate price, as high-pressure die casting is one of the most economical casting processes. Moreover, die cast components display high mechanical properties and allow for very thin wall thicknesses. In the automotive sector, especially, car body concepts with the intensive use of castings are being increasingly developed to reduce the overall weight. Aluminum-intensive car body concepts have so far been limited to high-end vehicles, yet they are also moving into other classes of vehicle such as Daimler's new C-Class [Audi 12, BMW 12, Daimler 12, Böhnlein 09]. Aluminum or magnesium castings are increasingly used for car-body construction and BIW as soon as several unformed components can be substituted by a casting. An example of this is the shock tower, Figure 1. Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process Figure 1: Shock tower made of steel sheet parts substituted by one aluminum die-cast component (Audi 12) Magnesium constructions would be even more suitable to replace conventional structures made of aluminum and steel sheet, because magnesium alloys, with densities between 1.71 and 1.83g/cm3, are among the lightest of all technical metals. A major disadvantage of magnesium alloys compared to aluminum, however, is their low modulus of elasticity of 45 GPa. The properties of a component, in particular its stiffness, are not only determined by the material but mostly by the design geometry. Thus the low modulus of elasticity of magnesium needs to be compensated by modifications of the geometry in the form of hollow structures to make it suitable for use in the field of structural components. Three-dimensional hollow structures as shown in Figure 2, however, are not feasible in die casting, apart from using salt cores. Figure 2: Salt core and die casting with cavity [Kallien, Böhnlein 13] The gas injection technique is an innovative method for the production of three-dimensional hollow structures originally used in plastics technology [Berthold 04] and so far only used in cold chamber die casting. [Kallien, Weidler, Herrmann 06], [Kallien 12]. Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process THE GAS INJECTION PROCESS With the gas injection process a cavity is created within the part by a gas entering under high pressure, thereby displacing the still liquid metal in the solidifying part into an overflow cavity. This technology makes it possible to produce cavities in a die casting. Figure 3 shows different geometries already produced with the cold chamber die casting technology from aluminum and magnesium alloys at Aalen University. Figure 3: Examples of die castings produced in Aalen by gas injection using the cold chamber casting technology This publication describes the latest results of the research project "Gas Injection Technology in Magnesium Hot Chamber Die Casting" aimed at applying the gas injection technology to magnesium hot chamber die casting, taking the necessary safety precautions into account, Figure 4. As regards magnesium alloys, the hot chamber process has considerable advantages over cold chamber die casting:  shorter cycle times  reduced inert gas consumption  melting temperature reduced by 40°C  shorter flow paths  no premature solidification in the shot chamber  reduced proportion of returns Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process Figure 4: Schematic representation of the gas injection process: At first, the main cavity of the die is filled with molten metal. During die filling, the overflow cavity is separated from the main cavity by a shut-off pin. As soon as gas is introduced under high pressure by the gas injector, the molten metal inside the casting is displaced into the (now open) overflow cavity, and a hollow space is created. One of the main challenges in this research project was to prevent, under all circumstances, the injection gas from entering the hot chamber machine filled with liquid magnesium alloy through the die via the nozzle and the shot sleeve. This would result in melt leakage, which must be avoided at all events due to the high affinity of magnesium to oxygen. Therefore, special operating software for the die casting machine and the gas control unit was developed with the project partners Oskar Frech GmbH & Co.KG, Plüderhausen, Germany, and electronics GmbH, Neuhausen, Germany, in order to prevent this from happening. In addition, the gas injection unit had to be further developed to react to extremely short gas injection timings, because magnesium has a much lower heat content than aluminum, and solidification progresses even faster. In order to present a geometry that is as application-oriented as possible in the framework of the research project, a demonstration part was designed that was inspired by a structural part. This component has a hollow channel to increase stiffness as well as fins on its rear face, Figure 5. shut-off pin gas injector overflow cavity Step 4: opening the overflow cavity Step 3: gasinjection Step 1: dosing / home position Step 2: filling phase shut-off pin gas injector overflow cavity shut-off pin gas injector overflow cavity shut-off pin gas injector overflow cavity Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process Figure 5: Demonstration part with hollow channel for increased stiffness The molten metal solidifies in the channel from the periphery towards the center where it forms a liquid and semi-solid state. Due to the rapid formation of a rim zone during die casting, the inflowing gas can be introduced into the liquid channel. Simulation of the solidification process shows the late time of solidification of the channel, Figure 6 [Kallien, Böhnlein 13]. Figure 6: The simulated flow of the remaining melt in the demonstration part illustrates late solidification in a thickwalled channel. The gas injection technology makes use of this effect. Now the liquid core can be displaced into the open overflow cavity by the gas entering the die cavity. Due to extremely rapid solidification, the requirements of gas injection technology on control engineering are high [Kallien, Weidler, Böhnlein 2009], as the valve switching times have to be reduced to a minimum of a few milliseconds. Furthermore, the gas injector must be able to meet the toughest requirements. During die filling and the holding pressure stage it is critical that no molten metal enter the injector as otherwise it would clog up. As indicated above, in the hot chamber die casting process the melting furnace is connected to the die casting die via the nozzle. This brings with it the risk that the inflowing gas breaks into the melting furnace. Therefore, the process control of the hot chamber die casting machine was linked to the gas injection plant and its control system to define special safety precautions to prevent, under all circumstances, that gas injection and thus the exit of the gas through the shot assembly into the crucible is triggered in an uncontrolled manner, Figure 7. Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process Figure 7: Diagram to show the control-related linking of die casting machine and gas injection unit The individual process steps of the die casting machine, such as the position of the plunger, are scanned by the gas injection control unit. In order to prevent the exit of the gas into the melting furnace in the event of a malfunction of the gas valve through which nitrogen is introduced into the die casting die, a safety valve was integrated that releases the nitrogen into the atmosphere in case of doubt. The flow of gas into the die is not released by a safety valve until immediately before the actual injection process. The control system of the die casting machine passes information on the position of the safety door, the nozzle, and the die casting die to the gas injection plant, [Becker 13]. With the help of sensors in the die cavity, Figure 8, it was possible to analyze the gas injection process in the shot curve, Figure 9. Figure 8: Die casting die with overflow cavity and shut-off pin, drilled holes for the metal front contact sensor and positions for internal pressure and temperature sensors 200 bar N2 accumulator compressor nitrogen 350 bar N2 hydraulic unit controlling unit gas injection measurement system controlling unit HPDC machine safety valve gas valve p lu n g e r p o s tio n 1 5 m m M F K S 1 / M F K S 2 s a fe ty v a lv e / g a s v a lv e M F K S 1 / M F K S 2 s ig n a l is a v a ila b le ? timer shut-off pin start? timer gas valve start? Gas injection in the high pressure die casting hot chamber process Figure 9: Shot


Photoelectrocatalytic NH3 synthesis from N2 and H2O is a promising approach for N-neutralization goal based on catalytic strategies, such as vacancy engineering, ion doping, frustrated Lewis pair design, heterojunction construction, etc.


This work supports successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles from spinacia oleracea leaf extract by using biological approach. Spinach is selected for the isolation of silver nanoparticles because of its medicinal importance. Spinach is credited with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihepatic as well as anticancerous properties.

In this work spinach leaf extract is prepared by using two methods hot percolation and cold percolation. Both hot perculated and cold perculated extracts are then augmented with AgNO3 treatment and kept on different parameters like Temperature (0 degree centigrade, -20degree centigrade, 4 degree centigrade, 37 degree centigrade, 100 degree centigrade), pH (9, 10, 11), time (0min, 20min, 60min, 48hours, 72hours) and extract concentration (0.5ml, 2.5ml, 4.5ml). Then the UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis is done of the extract suspension and it was observed that number of silver nanoparticles increases with the increase in temperature, pH, time and extract concentration. More number of silver nanoparticles are produced at temperature 100 degree centigrade, pH 11, time 72 hours and extract concentration 4.5ml. TEM analysis is done as a confirmatory test for the characterization of the silver nanoparticles.

For the TEM analysis the samples from the variants with maximum absorbance were selected that is temperature (1000C), pH (11), time (72 hours) and extract concentration (4.5ml) and from their suspension form they are converted into the pellet form and this pellet is then preserved in triple distilled water until the TEM analysis is done. Using drop method TEM images are obtained which shows mostly spherical and triangle shaped nanoparticles of 10-12nm sized. Then the isolated nanoparticles are tested for their antimicrobial activity against four clinically isolated pathogens Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginasa, E.coli and Klebsella Pneumoniae by using agar well diffusion assay method. Nanoparticles show their antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginasa by forming zone of inhibition of 14mm in size.

This study opens a new way of finding ecofriendly and cheap nanoparticles from spinach leaf. More and more research on different plants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their medicinal activity is under investigation in our research groups. This environmentally friendly method of biological silver nanoparticles synthesis can potentially be applied in various products that directly come in contact with the human body such as cosmetics, food and consumer goods besides medical applications.

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A. Dubey, N. Mishra and N. Singh. Volume: I: Issue-3. Nov-Dec -2010 ISSN 0976-4550

S.P. Dubey, M. Lahtinen, M. Sillanpaa. Process Biochem. 45, 1065–1071 (2010)

M. Dubey, S. Bhadauria and B.S. Kushwah. Digest J. Nanomater. Biostruct. 4,
537–543 (2009)


Based on the features of the Chemical Engineering & Technology, the experiment content, teaching materials and construction of teaching team are discussed in paper.


An experiment about herbicide use on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) crop was conducted in the Experimental Field of Horticulture Section DAH-ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil. It was tested Dacthal (DCPA), Tenoran (chloroxuron), Afalon (linuron) and Ramrod (propachlor). Dacthal, Ramrod and Tenoran were not fitotoxic to cauliflower, and Afa-lon was very toxic. The herbicide that gave the best results to cauliflower was Ramrod.


The Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law 1 (hereinafter Proposal), which aims at aligning the legal framework for cross-border B2C relationships via an alternative, fully harmonized pan-European sales law regime at the national level 2 , has further intensified the long running debate on the interplay between European sales and consumer law. Numerous scholars, including myself, have been publishing on the Common European Sales Law (hereinafter CESL). Most contributions so far have focused on fundamental issues such as the legal basis of the CESL 3 and/or its legal classification. 4 Others have focused on more general issues, such as the necessity for and suitability of the proposed CESL 5 .


This article demonstrates that the growth of China's exports in recent years is consistent with the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) prediction of the factor content of trade based on international differences in factor endowments, after adjusting for substantial differences in factor-specific productivity. A comparison of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development input–output data in the year 2000 shows that China's labor productivity relative to the United States is the lowest in a sample of 33 diverse countries, although China's capital is more productive than US capital. This in turn demonstrates the importance of a factor-specific rather than factor-neutral productivity adjustment common in much of the HOV literature. The use of value-added data to measure factor usage helps to correct for unobserved differences in factor qualities and differences in productivity across sectors, as is demonstrated for China. China's low average labor productivity reflects the structure of the Chinese economy where most employment is still in the inefficient agriculture and service sectors, with only 11% of employment in the more modern export-oriented manufacturing sector. Due to a trade surplus, China exports both labor and capital but Leamer's (The Journal of Political Economy 1980;88: 495–503) test for trade-revealed factor abundance confirms that China is labor abundant even after substantial factor-specific productivity adjustments.


A longitudinal, prospective and controlled trial was undertaken to identify the most
cost-effective treatment for children with severe malnutrition. Children <60%
weight-for-height or with oedema aged 12-60 months, were sequentially allocated
to i) in-patient treatment ii) day-care treatment iii) domiciliary management after
one week of day-care. Institutional and parental costs incurred to reach 80%
weight-for-height are compared. The groups were comparable as regards age,
sex, nutritional status, presence of infection and socioeconomic status at
recruitment. A total of 437 children completed the study. Mortality during
treatment was low in all groups <5%). Although the domiciliary group took the
longest to achieve 80% weight-for-height they did so at the lowest overall cost.
Day-care treatment approached in-patient care as regards speed of recovery at less
than half the total cost, but it was an unpopular option and only 4% gave this as
their preference. Although parental costs were highest for the domiciliary group as
no food supplements were provided, this was the majority's preference (67%)
especially among the group who experienced it.
Children continued to be followed for one year after they reached 80% weight-for-height to determine longer-term progress. Data were collected fortnightly for
morbidity and monthly for anthropometry, mortality and relapse rates. All three
groups increased in weight-for-height during the year from 80% to 91 % on average
but no increase was observed in height-for age. There was a high prevalence of
infection with an average incidence of 7 diarrhoeal episodes, and 30% presented
with acute respiratory infection on more than 3 occasions. Without access to
medical care it is likely that many would have relapsed. Only 0.6% however
required readmission for severe malnutrition and 1.6% died.
It is concluded that domiciliary management after 1 week of medical care is a cost effective option for treating severe malnutrition.


21 Structure transition of the titanomagnetite (Fe3-xTixO4) solid solution under pressures up to 60 GPa has been 22 clarified by single crystal and powder diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation with diamond anvil 23 cell. Present Rietveld structure refinements of the solid solution prove that the most preferable cation 24 distribution is based on the crystal field preference rather than the magnetic spin ordering in the solid 25 solution. 26 The Ti-rich phases in 0.734≤x≤1.0 undergo transformation from the cubic spinel of Fd3 − m to the tetragonal 27 spinel structure of I41/amd with c/a<1.0 by Jahn-Teller effect of Fe (3d) in the tetrahedral site. The 28 c/a<1 ratio is induced by the resolution of degeneracy of e orbital and dx2-y2 orbital is placed in the lower 29 electronic state than dz2. The distortion identified by c/a<1 is more intensively observed with increasing Ti 30 content in the Fe3-xTixO4 solid solutions and with increasing pressure. X-ray emission experiment of 31 2 Fe2TiO4 at high pressures confirms the spin transition of Fe-Kβ from high spin to intermediate spin (IS) 32 state. High spin (HS)-to-low spin (LS) transition starts from 14 GPa and IS state gradually increases with 33 compression. Fe in the octahedral site is more capable for the HS-to-LS transition, compared with Fe 34 in the four-fold or eight-fold coordinated site. 35 The transition to orthorhombic post-spinel structure of Cmcm has been confirmed in the whole 36 compositional range of Fe3-xTixO4. The transition pressure decreases from 25 GPa (x=0.0) to 15 GPa 37 (x=1.0) with increasing Ti content. There are two cation sites in the orthorhombic phase: M1 and M2 sites 38 of eight-fold and six-fold coordination sites. Fe and Ti are disordered in the M2 site. This structure 39 change is accelerated at higher pressures due to spin transition of Fe in the octahedral site. This is because 40 the ionic radius of Fe becomes 20% shortened by the spin transition. At 53 GPa, the structure transforms 41 to another high-pressure polymorph of Pmma with the ordered structure of Ti and Fe atoms in the 42 octahedral site. This structure change results from the order-disorder transition. 43


Schlotheimia spinomitria (Orthotrichaceae, subg. Schlotheimia ), is proposed, described and illustrated as a new species based on collections from central Brazil. It is characterized by its distinctive calyptra ornamentated with multicelled foliose spines. S. spinomitria is currently known only from three specimens from the Cerrado (Savana) area, and could be considered rare, vulnerable and potentially threatened. A key is provided to distinguish it from the other Brazilian species with ornamented calyptra.


This study traces the rise and fall of the first, all-India, Hindu nationalist or supremacist political party, the Hindu Mahasabha. It seeks to situate the Hindu Mahasabha in the political and social landscape of India by documenting the Mahasabha's actions and interaction with the British colonial regime, the Indian National Congress and other political forces. By so doing, it seeks to draw out what social and political groups gravitated toward Hindu nationalism and toward what end. A key conclusion is that the Hindu Mahasabha's late 1930's transformation from an organization ostensibly dedicated to Hindu unity and uplift into a political party advocating Hindu Raj was not simply a product of increasing communal-political polarization. The Mahasabha's transformation was also bound up with fears among India's propertied classes as to the emergence of socialist currents in and around the Congress and growing worker and peasant struggles. This study documents the close collaboration between the Hindu Mahasabha and the British colonial regime during World War II and the Mahasabha's subsequent involvement in the attempts of the landlords, princes and other elite layers to oppose India's emerging bourgeois-democratic political order. It shows that in 1947-48 and again in 1950, the Hindu Mahasabha emerged, in the named of Hindu Raj and Akhand Hindusthan , as the ideologue of ethnic-cleansing. Much of this dissertation is devoted to untangling the complex relationship between the Mahasabha and the Indian National Congress. It argues against facile approaches which either deny any antagonism between the two parties or maintain that the Congress was a secular organization that resolutely and consistently resisted Hindu nationalist pressure.


We report an ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) study of solid films of two molecules, 5,5′-bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2′-bithiophene (BMB-2T) and 5,5′-bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2′:5′2′terthiophene (BMB-3T) which have been characterized as potential electron transport materials in organic light-emitting devices. Using the frontier orbital positions at a metal-organic interface, determined from the UPS measurements, together with the optical band gaps of the molecules, the electron injection barriers for the two oligothiophene derivatives are found to be significantly different. This barrier is estimated to be ∼0.2-0.3 eV lower for BMB-2T than for BMB-3T at a metal–organic interface.


THE purpose of this paper is to analyze all cases of epithelioma of the skin treated in this Hospital during the past two years, and to review the recent literature on the subject with the objective of determining the optimum technic for curing the largest number of skin carcinomas by the first series of treatments. It is readily seen that the proper treatment of carcinoma of the skin is an important consideration when one realizes there are about four thousand deaths annually in the United States attributed to carcinoma of the skin. It is an established fact that treatment by irradiation produces less scarring than any other method. Since most carcinomas of the skin are on the face, irradiation is the treatment of choice from the standpoint of cosmetic effect. Many people with carcinoma of the skin are reluctant to submit to surgical removal, but will submit to irradiation. The curability of these lesions by irradiation, taken as a whole, is estimated to be from 85 to 95 per cent. At least 85 per cent of...


Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of pain in the heel which occurs as a result of inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis at its attachment on the calcaneal tuberosity. Myofascial Release Technique is intended to improve the mobility of soft tissue through application of a slow, controlled mechanical stress directly into a restriction. Pressure is gradually increased or repeated until the mobility of the tissue is felt to improve.
Purpose: The purpose is to study the scientific evidences regarding the effect of the myofascial release technique in plantar fasciitis.
Methodology: A search for relevant articles was carried out using key words- plantar fasciitis, myofascial release technique, pain and function and search engines- Google Scholar, PubMed, PEDro, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and CINAHL. Studies were selected from year 2010-2019. Ten studies were included in which there were 7 RCT, 1 Prospective experimental study, 1 Quasi Experimental study and 1 Pre-post interventional study.
Results: 10 studies were reviewed from which 7 studies concluded that MFR is more effective than a control group receiving sham treatment or conventional treatment and 3 studies highlighted MFR to be equally effective to alternative treatments.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of these 10 articles, it can be concluded that MFR is an effective treatment regimen in individuals with Plantar Fasciitis.
Clinical Implication: MFR is found to be effective in reducing pain and improving functions in individuals with plantar fasciitis, therefore MFR technique can be considered as an adjunctive treatment in plantar fasciitis.

Keywords: Plantar Fasciitis, Myofascial Release Technique, Pain, Function.


Brazil is a country of great proportions and has the potential to be one of the biggest tourists receivers in the world, but how is the image that has been sold? This study aims to analyze how Brazil has been represented as a tourist product in its marketing bias, under the perspective of the Brazilian Tourism Institute Embratur, through the institution's 50 year publication book. To do so, we carry out bibliographic research on marketing and the importance of the image to the construction of an identity for the locality. The analysis was based on five propagandistic images, selected from the featured book, considering the years with the greatest reception of foreign tourists since 1970. From this we were able to make some observations about the country view that one wanted to spend in certain moments of the history, resulting in eight distinct moments of the dissemination of the country's image as a tourist product. Key-Words: Tourism; Marketing; Image; Embratur; Brazil.


Any collection of order statistics from two different probability distributions may contain equal Fisher information about a scalar parameter. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which two distributions have equal Fisher information in any order statistics. Hence this condition can be used to define an equivalence relation on parametric distributions. Within the location (scale) family of distributions, we show that this equivalence relation uniquely determines the parametric family by the values of the Fisher information about the location (scale) parameter in any order statistics. The results are used to derive some location-scale distribution and obtain a simple characterization in terms of the Fisher information in the sequence of the minimum order statistics.


Natural disasters and epidemics are unfortunate recurring events that lead to huge societal and economic loss. Recent advances in supercomputing can facilitate simulations of such scenarios in (or even ahead of) real-time, therefore supporting the design of adequate responses by public authorities. By incorporating high-velocity data from sensors and modern high-performance computing systems, ensembles of simulations and advanced analysis enable urgent decision-makers to better monitor the disaster and to employ necessary actions (e.g., to evacuate populated areas) for mitigating these events. Unfortunately, frameworks to support such versatile and complex workflows for urgent decision-making are only rarely available and often lack in functionalities. This paper gives an overview of the VESTEC project and framework, which unifies orchestration, simulation, in-situ data analysis, and visualization of natural disasters that can be driven by external sensor data or interactive intervention by the user. We show how different components interact and work together in VESTEC and describe implementation details. To disseminate our experience three different types of disasters are evaluated: a Wildfire in La Jonquera (Spain), a Mosquito-Borne disease in two regions of Italy, and the magnetic reconnection in the Earth magnetosphere.


The aim of this study is to examine how assisting nurses reflects and talks about physical restraint in dementia care in Sweden. This study is based on three focus group interviews with a total of ...


Coherent Fourier Scatterometry (CFS) is a scatterometry technique that has been applied for grating and nanoparticle detection. Here, it has been challenged to verify the detectability of the so-called killer defects on SiC samples for power electronic applications. It has been shown that CFS is able to precisely recognize these defects regardless of their shape or size. CFS could be considered as a possible alternative for this purpose.


Pharmacy is a practice of preparing and dispensing of medicinal drugs. Data mining is a process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving techniques at intersection of data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and DBMS. It holds the great potential for the healthcare industry to systematically use health data and analytics to identify inefficiencies. The paper aims to analyze the key factors which lead to increase the sale rate in a pharmacy by predicting that women assistant in a pharmacy is also a key factor to increase the sale. General Terms The key factors are predicted by using Covariance Matrix. Covariance measures the strength of the correlation between two or more sets of random variables.


In this work, a low cost six- multipoint temperature data logger was developed. It was designed using LM35 as the sensor, and arduino Uno as the data processing element. The response time of the sensor was observed to be between three and four minutes. The comparative evaluation of the system with other established thermometers show that no two temperature meters gave the same values. However the most important thing is that all the systems recorded the same temperature flow pattern. This indicates that the systems actually senses change in the surrounding effectively. In relation to the alcohol thermometer, the designed system shows an accuracy of +0.4 o C at temperatures below 30 0 C and +1.85 0 C at temperatures above 30 0 C. The system gives room for effective and adjustable temperature data logging procedure. Hence, the system is recommended for use in monitoring low temperature systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i2.30


Contents: Foreword, Hamish Pringle Introduction Part I The Interviews: The Questionnaire: Communicating sustainability - the civil society perspective Communicating sustainability - the public sector perspective Communicating sustainability - the supplier perspective Communicating sustainability - the employee perspective Communicating sustainability to customers and consumers Sustainable consumption and the social responsibility of marketers and advertisers Communicating sustainability - the shareholder perspective Communicating sustainability - the media perspective Communicating sustainability - the academic and expert perspective. Part II The Cases: The civil society perspective - best practice cases: Lifebuoy's global handwashing behaviour change programmes Fairtrade comes of age The public sector perspective - best practice cases: German Bio-label The French environmental labelling experiment The supplier perspective - best practice cases: The Tchibo and GIZ worldwide enhancement of social equality (WE) project ROMP - fully traceable organic high fashion The employee perspective - best practice cases: SKF BeyondZero IBM's world community grid - technology solving problems The customer perspective - best practice cases: Cadbury's Dairy Milk goes Fairtrade The Innocent big knit campaign Max burgers, climate on (the) menu Sustainable consumption and the social responsibility of marketers and advertisers - best practice cases: Coop Switzerland sustainability brand communications Puma's clever little bag The shareholder perspective - best practice case: Novo Nordisk integrated reporting The media perspective - best practice case: SAP community network The academic and expert perspective - best practice cases: Research by Professor C.B. Bhattacharya on effectiveness of CSR communication The natural step framework Best practice - two benchmark cases for communicating corporate sustainability: Marks and Spencer's Plan A Interface sustainability communication 'Let's be clear'. Part III Summary and Outlook Index.