Abstract 2722 Introduction Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the commonest type of indolent lymphomas and is considered as an incurable malignancy with a relapsing and remitting course. Most patients are diagnosed with FL when they have an advanced stage of disease, only less than 20% presenting with stage I or II. Initial management of early stage (Ann Arbor stage I or II) FL remains undefined. Numerous options exist but radiotherapy appeared to be the standard of care for early stage disease based on single institution or retrospective series. Our aim was to revisit the outcome of patients with localized FL in the era of rituximab. Patients and Methods We analyzed 145 patients treated in our institution with early stage (I or II) FL between January 01/1967 and 01/2011. Patients were retrospectively divided into six groups according to their initial treatment: watch and wait (WW), chemotherapy alone (CT), radiotherapy alone (RT), combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RT-CT), Rituximab alone (Ri) and immuno-chemotherapy (Ri-CT). Results Of the 145 patients (79 females and 66 males), 84 (57.9%) patients had stage I disease and 61 (42.1%) a stage II. Median age was 55 years (20% of patients > 65 years). Only 22 (15.2%) of them had a bulky disease (> 7cm). FLIPI score was 0–1 in 116 pts, 2 in 29 pts and none had a score >2. The management of patients significantly varied over the different time (period I: Patients characteristics were similar in terms of age between the 6 groups but differed in term of stage and prognostic factors, essentially more stage II (61%) and bulky disease (42%) in the Ri-CT group compared to the others. The CR rate varied from 57% for the Ri group to 95% for the RT-CT group with 69% for CT, 75% for Ri-CT and 81% for RT alone. As expected, the proportion of PR was higher in the Ri group (43%). With a median follow-up of 7 years, the relapse rate was significantly lower in the Ri-CT group (40% versus 90.5% RT, 84% RT-CT, 69% CT and 58% WW respectively). According to the modifications of management over time, OS and PFS are analyzed according to two period of time: 2000 was better (75%) than for those managed Conclusion Within the inherent limits of this retrospective study, delayed start of therapy was associated with a similar OS than the one observed in patients receiving immediate intervention, and PFS was not different between WW versus RT or RT-CT. Thus, the "watch and wait" strategy could be proposed as first line therapy, like it is in stage III and IV follicular lymphoma patients with a low tumor burden. However, when a treatment is required, the combination of immunochemotherapy seems to be the best option. Legends: R-CT: Ri CT or immunochemotherapy Others regimens: WW, RT, RT+CT, CT Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare chronic inflammatory condition and may simulate prostatic carcinoma both clinically and microscopically. Conservative treatment is recommended for xanthogranulomatous prostatitis, including the use of alpha-blockers and corticosteroids. Surgical options, such as transurethral prostatic resection or open adenomectomy, are reserved for patients who are severely symptomatic or who have failed conservative treatment.


Many smartphones are lost every year, with a meager percentage recovered. In many cases, users with malicious intent access these phones and use them to acquire sensitive data. There is a need for continuous monitoring and surveillance in smartphones, and keystroke dynamics play an essential role in identifying whether a phone is being used by its owner or an impersonator. Also, there is a growing need to replace expensive 2-tier authentication methods like One-time passwords (OTP) with cheaper and more robust methods. The methods proposed in this paper are applied to existing data and are proven to train more robust classifiers. A novel feature extraction method by wavelet transformation is demonstrated to convert keystroke data into features. The comparative study of classifiers trained on the extracted features vs. features extracted by existing methods shows that the processes proposed perform better than the state-of-art feature extraction methods.


Background: Progenitor cells serve as a promising source of regenerative potential in a variety of tissue types yet remain underutilized in tendinopathy. Tendon-derived progenitor cells (TDPCs) have previously been isolated from hamstring tendon but only as part of a concomitant medical procedure. Determining the presence of TDPCs in patellar tendon may facilitate clinical utilization of these cells because of the relative accessibility of this location for tissue harvest. Purpose: To characterize TDPCs in human patellar tendon samples. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Human patellar tendon samples were obtained during elective knee surgery. TDPCs were isolated and seeded at an optimal low cell density and subcultured to confluence for up to 2 passages. Flow cytometry was used to analyze for the expression of CD90+, CD105+, CD44+, and CD31–, CD34–, and CD45– markers. The multilineage differentiation potential of TDPCs was tested in vitro via adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic culture with subsequent cytochemical staining for Oil Red O, Alizarin Red, and Alcian Blue, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the amount of adiponectin, alkaline phosphatase, and SRY-box transcription factor 9 secreted into cell culture supernatant for further confirmation of lineage differentiation. Results were analyzed statistically using the 2-tailed Student t test. Results: TDPCs demonstrated near-uniform expression of CD90, CD105, and CD44 with minimal expression of CD34, CD31, and CD45. Adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of TDPCs was confirmed using qualitative analysis. The expression of adiponectin, alkaline phosphatase, and SRY-box transcription factor 9 were significantly increased in differentiated cells versus undifferentiated TDPCs (P < .05). Conclusion: TDPCs can be successfully isolated from human patellar tendon samples, and they exhibit characteristics of multipotent progenitor cells. Clinical Relevance: These data demonstrate the promise of patellar tendon tissue as a source of progenitor cells for use in biologic therapies for the treatment of tendinopathy.


We address the error floor problem of low-density parity check (LDPC) codes on the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, by constructing a serially concatenated code consisting of two systematic irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) component codes connected by an interleaver. The interleaver is designed to prevent stopping-set error events in one of the IRA codes from propagating into stopping set events of the other code. Simulations with two 128-bit rate 0.707 IRA component codes show that the proposed architecture achieves a much lower error floor at higher SNRs, compared to a 16384-bit rate 1/2 IRA code, but incurs an SNR penalty of about 2 dB at low to medium SNRs. Experiments indicate that the SNR penalty can be reduced at larger blocklengths.


Food loss and waste have increased significantly over the past approximately ten years, putting the world's population at risk of a developing food catastrophe in the coming century. This assessment of literacy is being done to see how much research is being done on waste and loss of food and what approaches are most frequently employed. Inside this study, we work to end hunger in society by providing for the underprivileged and utilising food in the right ways. However in the near, we could be able to transform food scraps into a useful and cost-effective energy source. Therefore, with the aid of our concept, we also hope to lessen food waste while serving as a source of recyclable energy and thereby improving the environment.


First aim of this article is to estimate the CO2 emissions cuts available in a given building stock. According to our methodology based on a sharp segmentation of the park and a close estimate of refurbishment actions' price and impact on the energy consumption we were able to assess the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve of CO2 emissions reduction for multi-family building stock in the local area of Grenoble. CO2 emissions from this stock can be reduced by 72% with casual refurbishment actions. The potential decrease in annual CO2 emissions reaches300 000 tons. Surprisingly, 92% of the potential decrease is hold by actions that are profitable for a purely rational inhabitant. Based on those results the second aim of this article is therefore to understand the barriers that prevent housing from implementing refurbishment actions. A case study based on 40 multi-family housings points out liquidity constraints, poor share of homeowners, decision-making in coownership and inconvenience as the four main barriers. To integrate those barriers to our model we reduced inhabitants' time horizon and add a fix cost to each refurbishment action. If a reduction in inhabitants' time horizon is not sufficient to explain the poor rate of refurbishment actions observed in the area adding a fix cost of € 15 000 per building is enough to explain them.


The construction sector provides occupational risks to construction workers at the building site. Despite the obligation of the use Individual Protection Equipment (IPE), the noise is one of the occupational risks, which persist as one of the most injury to workers. The causes may be inherent in the control, but also the inappropriate choice of the methods of implantation of hearing protectors as an individual control measure. This paper aims to analyze the efficiency of hearing protectors, taking into account the octave band spectrum at the sound pressure levels of the main equipment used in the civil construction sector in the city of Manaus in Brazil, following the limits defined in the Brazilian standard. Keywords—Construction, occupational hazards, noise,


E2A and HEB are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that play important roles in T cell development. Expression of Id1, one of their inhibitors, severely impairs T cell development in transgenic mice. Aberrant activation of NF-κB transcription factors has been shown to contribute to the developmental defects, but it is not clear whether NF-κB activation is directly due to Id1 expression or is secondary to an abnormal thymic environment in Id1 transgenic mice. Here, by using a T cell line model, we demonstrate that Id1 expression stimulates basal levels of NF-κB activity and further enhances NF-κB activation upon T cell receptor (TCR) signaling achieved by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation. Activation of NF-κB is partially mediated by the classical pathway involving the interaction between the regulatory subunit, NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), and the catalytic subunit, IκB kinase β. However, a NEMO-independent pathway also appears to be at play. Id1-potentiated activation of NF-κB leads to overproduction of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interferon-γ in a T cell line as well as in thymocytes. Among members of the NF-κB family, c-Rel appears to be preferentially activated by Id1, especially during TCR stimulation. Consistently, c-rel deficiency diminishes tumor necrosis factor α and interferon-γ expression induced by Id1 and TCR signaling.


If the chemical industry has provided enormous material benefits, equally the costs have been enormous, even catastrophic. Moreover, both costs and benefits are distributed in an unequal manner. Of particular concern in this text is the development of an adequate understanding of how both the positive and negative effects of the industry are produced and also what determines how the benefits and costs are distributed. Currently, the destructive nature of the industry - the death, injury, ill-health, and environmental devastation which it causes - remains particularly poorly recognized and challenged. This is a problem of "law and order". Yet, today, this problem still continues to be defined largely in terms of the crimes of "street" offenders; by contrast, corporate abuses of power, the victimization of employees, local public and consumers, and the crimes of the powerful more generally, remain relatively free of state, public and academic scrutiny. The recent attention to corporate crimes has focused on various forms of financial crimes, rather than upon the feaures of toxic capitalism that are the subject of this text. The criminogenic features of toxic capitalism - which are no mere side effects - form the subject matter of this text.


Volume I. 1. The nature, functions and remit of the House of Commons 2. Membership 3. Motives for membership 4. Elections 5. The composition of the House of Commons 6. Times of sitting 7. Topography 8. The Officers and Servants of the House 9. Attendance 10. Speechmaking and debate 11. Legislation and petitions 12. Meetings and conferences 13. The management of the Commons 14. Representation and accountability Appendices Volume II. Constituencies. England, Wales Volume III. Members A-C Volume IV. Members D-J Volume V. Members K-Q Volume VI. Members R-Z Appendix. Quasi members.


In the design of hypersonic cruise vehicles, great effort is demanded to improve the performances of subsystems, namely structure, aerodynamics, and propulsion. Herein, effort demanded to realize a subsystem performance is quantified by technical merit. To achieve a feasible design, excessive technical merit of any one subsystem should be avoided. Accordingly, a lowest-technical-merit (LTM) design methodology has been proposed in this work. By this methodology, the design problem could be interpreted into a parametric optimization. The solution to such an optimization corresponds to the highest feasibility. The methodology has been implemented on two cases: deriving a hydrocarbon-fueled long-range cruiser from Boeing X-51A, and a hydrogen-fueled LAPCAT scenario from PREPHA. The simulation results show that LTM could achieve optimal allocations while satisfying different payload/range performances. The design methodology could help to improve the feasibility of hypersonic cruise vehicles. Furthermore, it could also be used in the design of other systems.


Key Points Question Do the risk factors shared within couples mediate their shared risk of cognitive disorders? Finding In this cohort study of 784 older couples, physical inactivity, major depressive disorder, and a history of head injury that were shared within couples mediated almost half of the spousal risk of cognitive disorder. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that identification of and intervention in the shared risk factors of dementia within couples may reduce the risk of cognitive disorders in the spouses of people with dementia.


Mining use and produce large amounts of hazardous substances that often reach surface waters streams. Sonora, been a Mexican state with very large active and inactive mines located near the rivers, presents a high potential for contamination of its water surface bodies. The purpose of this study was to identify those mines with more possibilities to contaminate the surface water currents of the South-Sonora hydrological region using a modification of the EPA's methodology to carry out Preliminary Risk Assessment (EPA,1991). The mines that represent higher risks were: 1) in the Sonora River Basin, "Buenavista del Cobre", "Cerro Prieto", "Mercedes", "Santa Elena" and the inactive mine "Amelia"; 2) In the Yaqui River Basin are "La India", "Mulatos", "La Bonancita", "Luz del Cobre", "La Caridad" and the abandoned mines "Pilares" and "Cumobabi".


In Song,Yuan and Ming period,studies on pictograph can be represented by Zheng Qiao,who classified pictograph into ten kinds,six abstract types,and two double kind from different angles.And then this classification was followed by scholars in Qing dynasty,such as Wang Yun,Zhu Junsheng and Zheng Zhitong,and so on.Duan Yucai classified pictograph into alone body pictograph and synthesis pictograph according to physical structure of pictographic characters,thus changed the scholars' way in Song,Yuan and Ming period,which was according to the meaning of pictograph characters.Today,most of scholars classified pictographic characters into two kinds,which are alone body pictograph and synthesis pictograph,sometimes they are called Simple pictograph and complicated pictograph,or standard form of pictograph and variant of pictograph.


I apologize in advance for the non-linear narrative – life is lived linearly (perhaps not for Vonnegut's Billy Pilgrim) but sometimes only comprehended out-of-order. A year or so after my second child was born, I found I couldn't make ends meet as a programmer. A co-worker referred me to a local college that was looking for instructors to teach computer science in the evenings. The interview went well enough; I said I had a desire to teach but no experience. My interviewer, a long time instructor, said one of the secrets of teaching was that if the students felt like they're learning then you're doing well. He added that I wouldn't be teaching the 100 level courses – he didn't want to risk me frightening the students. Around the same time I started taking courses at different college towards a Masters in CS, tuition reimbursement being one of the perks of my day-job. For those of you who are considering taking on a second job and night classes while providing for a spouse and two young children at the same time, this is not recommended – the degree took seven years to complete. And although my day-job did pay for my Masters I'm not sure they got their money's worth. It did not improve my work so much as made me realize how deep a rut I was in. There's something to an employer not wanting their employees over-educated, though the Masters did pay off in a different way: I studied my instructors for their teaching methods. The notes for courses I took became material for the courses I taught. And I was lucky too, in a way. Soon after completing my degree, the college at which I was teaching let go of its adjuncts with lesser degrees. I started teaching before the web was well known. I remember the first time I brought a class into the computer lab to show it a Netscape browser. In that early era classroom technology was not quite there. I'd use an overhead projector for viewgraphs, and not one connected to the computer. It was an old-school projector that used clear plastic sheets you wrote on with permanent marker. Having a computer lab was a big deal too. I had to pre-reserve the lab room for courses that required programming. Now every classroom has computers even though there is not much need-every student …


This section aims to provide a number of downloadable documents you will find useful when applying to the council for a community grant.


The aim of this paper is to advance the current state of activities in the studies of the linkage of organizational learning practices in enhancing the bottom-line performance outcome. It takes an exploratory case study approach on an organizationa, supported by relevant and available linkage models.


Objective To study the influence of age, sex, type of surgery, pathologic type of the tumor, postoperative time to the administration and the dose of radioiodine , TSH level and the existence of radioiodine uptake beyond thyroid to first radioiodine ablat???????????????????

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Pharyngeal neoplasms; Diagnostic imaging


The evolution of microstructure and electrical properties of silver-based thick-film metallizations of silicon solar cells prepared by infrared firing processes has been investigated. The performance of the cells are shown to be dependent on several dynamical and diffusive phenomena. In particular, the sintering of silver grains, silver diffusion into the glass, and the flow of glass at the metal/silicon interface strongly affect important characteristics of the cells such as sheet and contact resistivities and the adhesion of fingers and bus bars. The existance of an optimum value of the peak firing temperature is observed and explained in terms of competitive phenomena occurring at the metal/silicon interface. Moreover it is shown that IR firing treatments require a careful consideration of the sequence of printing and firing steps. The features of heat treatments performed in conveyor belt furnances using Joule and infrared sources are compared.


Hidden economy working can provide income and cushion the financial hardship during unemployment; can it also substitute for some latent functions of regular employment? According to Jahoda's theory, the latent functions include the time structure, regular shared experience, information about personal identity, a link with the collective purpose, and enforced regular activity. This article explores whether the undeclared working reduces the degree of deprivation of these functions during unemployment and, consequently, improves the psychological health of a person. The data were collected from a sample of unemployed persons (N = 1138) registered with the Croatian Employment Bureau. A series of questions about their day-to-day activities were used to estimate the amount of undeclared working, an ad hoc developed scale to assess the extent of their latent deprivation, and the SF-36 Health Survey to measure their psychological health. The ANCOVA revealed that the participants who were often engaged in the hidden economy working exhibited reduced latent deprivation and improved psychological health compared to those who were sometimes engaged. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that their better psychological health was partially mediated through reduced latent deprivation. However, the unemployed who were never engaged in undeclared working exhibited a relatively high psychological health as well.


Registration for Fordham Law School's 2016 Legal English and Communications Skills Course will take place in New York City from July 25 - August 5, 2016. Discounted registration rates are available for participants who sign up early. The program fee covers tuition for approximately 60 hours of instruction, course materials, lunch on weekdays and extracurricular activities.


Abstract : Fifty-three lambs and 24 adult sheep were exposed unilaterally (right side) to potentially lethal doses of cobalt-60 gamma radiation (200 to 500 R, midline air dose). The incidence of mortality during the first 60 days post-exposure was recorded and analyzed. The median lethal dose (LD-50) for the lambs was 347 R, and the slope of the probit regression line was 22.24 probits per decade increase in dose. For the adults the LD-50 was 381 R, and the slope was 4.25 probits per decade increase in dose. Compared to other sheep mortality data, the slope of adult line was unusually small; and it is questionable as to whether or not it is a close approximation to that of the entire population. The average day of death for those lambs which died within the first 60 days post-exposure was 21.3 days. Both the average and standard deviation were significantly smaller than those reported elsewhere for bilaterally exposed adults. On the basis of the available data, it appears that the difference in averages can be attributed to the youth of the lambs rather than to the exposure aspect. (Modified author abstract)


Introduction:
 Among adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), overall survival is lower in black patients compared to white patients. Data regarding racial differences in survival for pediatric IHCA remain unknown.

 Methods:
 Using data from the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, we identified children >24 hours and < 18 years of age with IHCA due to an initial pulseless rhythm. We used generalized estimation equation to examine the association of black race with survival to hospital discharge and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

 Results:
 Overall, 2940 pediatric patients (898 black, 2042 white) with IHCA were included. The mean age was 6 years, 57% were male and 16% had an initial shockable rhythm. Baseline demographics, cardiac arrest characteristics including initial rhythm did not differ significantly by race. Although black race was associated with lower rates of ROSC compared to white patients (69.5% in blacks vs. 74.6% in whites; adjusted OR 0.8012, 95% CI 0.6749 - 0.9512, P= 0.0113), it was not associated with survival to discharge (34.7% in blacks vs. 37.8% in whites; adjusted OR 0.9705, 95% CI 0.8086 – 1.1648, P=0.7476). A lower rate of ROSC in black patients was not explained by longer delays in epinephrine administration for patients with a non-shockable rhythm, or defibrillation in patients with a shockable rhythm.

 Conclusion:
 In contrast to adults, no statistically significant racial differences in survival were present in pediatric IHCA.


The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the self-report questionnaire for physical exercise (ABPEF). And to chek the effect of gender on those barriers. Their psychometric properties were studied with a sample of 342 adolescents (mean age: 15.02 ± 1.86). We performed reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, item correlation with total score and confirmatory factor analysis. We found a good internal reliability (? = .86), an adequate item correlation with total score, and the presence of four factors in the exploratory factor analysis with significant correlations between them. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate adjustment to the data of a tetrafactorial model of the questionnaire (?2 / gl = 3.696; GFI = .89; AGFI = .86; RMSEA = .061). The female gender presents greater barriers to the practice of physical exercise. This questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for the population under study, and its use in future research is suggested. KEY WORDS: Physical exercise, barriers, psychometric properties, adolescence, ABPEF.


The impact of new technologies within business relationships has led to the origination
of many conflicts; many of which have been prosecuted due to the lack of specific regulation.
Recently, much of the jurisprudence, as well as employment agreements approved by the
government have been referring to collective bargaining standardization uses of ICT in the
workplace.
This paper focuses on the Public Administration of the Community of Madrid, and its
objective is to analyze trends in the collective bargaining of companies in relation to new
technologies to understand to what extent they are being implemented in the different
collective agreements or rules of use, specifically in the use of corporate emails; by both
government officials and trade unions.


This study examines the self-care practices carried out by nursing staff working in Basic Health Units, in light of the Orem self-care theory. This is a descriptive exploratory qualitative study, which has interviewed 30 nursing workers by means of a semi-structured script drafted from Dorothea Elizabeth Orem's self-care requirements. Most participants have been working in nursing for 16 to 25 years, stressing that time on the job grants authority to those who talk about their daily activities. For the discussion of the results, the following categories emerged: Self-care is not a priority: "what can wait is left till later"; The work wears down the worker: "because it is exhausting!"; Life perception: "My work is my work and my life is my life"; This is how I (un) care for myself. The conclusion is that nursing workers are not prioritizing self-care, and have little time to carry it out.


The high temperature logging instrument, TPS-9000 SYSTEM, is successful in measuring temperature, pressure, and flow rate in steam injection recovery of shallow-layer, heavy oil. It can achieve such useful information as temperature pressure fall and flowrate from reservoirs in a high temperature state and also analyze this information, calculate steam quality, and interpret reservoir parameters by pressure-fall curves. The achievements in heat-loss measurement of different well columns furnishes the basis for evaluating and choosing reasonable and economical down-hole columns. Many test results show that the shallow heavy reservoir in Karamay is thin and the steam absorption thickness is 74% of the total. Reservoir steam absorption is heterogeneous and the absorbability of main steam absorption layer section is more than 50% of total steam injection. The major production layer is located from the top to the middle of the reservoir. Steam override is present in the thinner reservoir. The pressure-fall curve reflects that reservoir permeability is lower than that of electric log interpretation in steam injection recovery. Further study shows that the major factor affecting the efficiency of heavy oil recovery is that steam drive is being applied to a reservoir that is heterogeneous in level and profile. The best waymore » to enhance development efficiency is to enhance the extent of steam drive in horizontal and vertical directions.« less


Fermented vinegar has been used as a food condiment for long time over the world. Recently, many attentions have been paid on the fermented vinegar because of its function for human health. Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are capable of oxidizing ethanol into acetic acid and have the ability to convert c...


INTRODUCTION
alpha-thalassaemia is the most common hereditary anaemia in the world. The majority of Danish immigrants come from countries, where the prevalence of alpha-thalassaemia is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate its frequency in Danish immigrants.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Over a year, all samples sent for haemoglobin analysis to our institution from patients with an MCV value < or = 80 fl were examined for an alpha-thalassaemia haplotype by a PCR-based method. All samples were measured, irrespective of the MCV value, over a period of 3 months.

RESULTS
We received 239 samples with an MCV m80 fl. Fifty-seven individuals (23.8%) had one or two alpha-thalassaemia haplotypes. In comparison, a beta-thalassaemia trait was found in 44 individuals (18.4%). The -alpha 3.7 haplotype was the most common (91%). Most were heterozygous, but homozygous cases and combinations with an alpha 0-deletion or a haemoglobin variant were also found. The more serious alpha 0-haplotype was found in nine cases (15.8%), among whom four cases had haemoglobin H disease. In 141 patients with MCV values above 80 fl, 11 patients had an alpha(+)-deletion. From these findings and with the knowledge of the prevalence of beta-thalassaemia in immigrants in Denmark, we assessed the prevalence of alpha-thalassaemia to be between 3 and 8%.

CONCLUSIONS
alpha-thalassemia is no longer a rare, differential diagnosis in Denmark. A national strategy is indicated for prophylactic measures, including screening for the serious alpha 0-deletion and prenatal diagnosis in accordance with international recommendations.


In recent times, as the importance of vehicle's interior illumination rises, I have studied the color-changing heater control in connection with air conditioning and heating control by HVAC(heating, ventilation and air conditioning) and compressor. The writer have derived a lot of color-changing logics related to the heater control through this research project, including the logic which considers driver's health, fuel efficiency and desired temperature. In addition, I have organized these logics which drivers can choose for themselves. If they don't want to change color of heater control, they can select the notworking mode. I hope that my studies are much more satisfying user's preference.


In this paper,a brief review on spin relaxation in semiconductors is given. All kinds of spin relaxation processes in different dimensions of semiconductors,including bulk materials,quantum wells,quantum wires and quantum dots,are given.The focus is put on spin dephasing and coherent control.Among all kinds of spin relaxation processes in many different materials,the key problem is how to change the parameters,such as electric field,magnetic field,temperature,strain,effective g parameter and so on,to control spin relaxation in a controllable way.In the organization of this paper,first a background is given;in section 2,a brief introduction of four spin relaxation mechanisms;in section 3, according to the dimension,spin relaxation in semiconductor materials are divided into four sections: bulk materials,quantum wells,quantum wires and quantum dots.In each section,the review cover the three carriers: electrons,holes and excitons.The dependences of spin relaxation for different carriers on controllable parameters are given.The results either try to explain the experimental results,or try to give predicts in theory to lead the way for experiments,helping design room temperature using spintronics devices and opening the way to solid quantum computation and quantum information process.A outlook is given at the end.


This paper presents novel results of complex action learning experiments based on the use of extended multiple timescales recurrent neural networks (MTRNN). The experiments were carried out with the iCub humanoid robot, as a model of the developmental learning of motor primitives as the basis of sensorimotor and linguistic compositionality. The model was implemented through the Aquila cognitive robotics toolkit, which supports the CUDA architecture and makes use of massively parallel GPUs (graphics processing units). The results presented herein show that the model was able to learn and successfully reproduce multiple behavioural sequences of actions in an object manipulation task scenario using large-scale MTRNNs. This forms the basis on ongoing experiments on action and language compositionality


This paper presents a new generation of scannerless laser radar measurement system, called GLidar in our project. This system does not require the scanning device; as a result, the dimension of the entire measuring system is small, lightweight, and reliability. The proposed scannerless LiDAR system is especially designated for a small civil UAV platform under a low altitude operation. This paper presents the principle of the array LiDAR imaging, mathematical models of calculating the 3-D coordinates of the laser radar footprints with respect to a mapping coordinate system. Some simulated results are presented on the basis of a test field located in Virginia Wytheville, USA. The simulated results demonstrated that the designated new generation of array LiDAR can achieve 0.06-0.10 m in flat area, 0.31-0.62 m in the edge of house, and 1.23-1.78 m in the forested area compared to an existing DSM data.


Blasting technique is widely applied in building cubic meter of stone excavation.The apaper introduces construction organizing,selection of blasting technique parameter,and controlling of scatter controlling etc.


In 1958, Cantrell et al. described an extremely rare syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart malformation.1 The incidence of pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is one in 65,000 live births.1,2,3 Only one case was reported in Dr. Moewardi Public Hospital between 1999 and 2016. The exact etiology of this condition is unknown, but developmental failure of mesoderm at 4 weeks of gestational age may contribute to the condition.4 The prognosis depends on the degree of heart failure and the malformations that occur. Heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, cardiac tamponade, endocarditis, and peripheral emboli are described as the main complications and causes of death.5,6 The aim of this report was to add to reference data about complete POC and the prognostic outcome.


Biogas production through anaerobic digestion has proven to be one of the most important pillars of the transition into the circular economy concept, a sustainable approach for biorefinery. This work aims to extend and improve knowledge in the anaerobic co-digestion of complementary substrates, given insights into wastes biodegradability and the influence of manure composition on the anaerobic process stability. Anaerobic co-digestion of sugar beet by-products with two kinds of animal manure (pig and cow) was investigated in semi-continuous assays, analyzing both common and non-classical parameters. Co-digestion with manure clearly mitigated the inhibitory effect of volatile fatty acids at high organic loading rates, leading to increases in methane production by 70% and 31% in comparison with individual digestion of sugar beet by-products, for co-digestion with pig and cow manure, respectively. Non-classical parameters could give more insight into the coupling/uncoupling of the anaerobic digestion phases and the involved microorganisms. Indirect parameters indicated that the process failure at the critical organic loading rates was mainly due to methanogenesis inhibition in the co-digestion with pig manure, while in co-digestion with cow manure or in individual digestion of sugar beet by-products, both hydrolysis–acidogenesis and methanogenesis phases were affected. Biomethanation degree refers to the maximum methane potential of organic wastes. Sugar beet by-products required a long digestion-time to reach high biodegradability. However, short digestion-times for co-digestion assays led to a high biomethanation degree.


The present study was designed to evaluate the Pregnancy Diagnosis-Positive Rate (PD-PR) along with conception rate (CR) in an organised farm (Livestock Research Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal) to take effective management decision. One year record of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) and PD of dairy animals (N=1327; comprised 1003 cows and 324 buffaloes) was analysed. On an average, cows and buffaloes were presented for per rectal pregnancy diagnosis after 75.63 (38-119) and 76.3 (46-128) days, respectively of A.I. Overall PD-PR value of cattle was observed to be significantly higher compared to buffaloes (70.77 and 59.45%, respectively, prus symptoms as well as on CR.


List of maps Preface The feudal inheritance Enlightenment Liberalism and nationalism Storm and settlement, 1848-70 Economics and society, 1850-1914 Politics, 1870-1918 Independent Eastern Europe From Hitler to Stalin Communist Eastern Europe Epilogue Appendices: 1. Chronology 2. Glossary Bibliography Index


The paper considers a job shop scheduling problem similar to those taking place in many fields such as project management, educational sphere and operational planning of manufacturing process. The considered problem, in real life, has high dimensionality and it is quite hard to find even a feasible solution, therefore, making necessary a problem-oriented heuristic for solving it in reasonable time. Manufacturing process stability requires special care about restriction and, at the same time, operational planning requires finding solutions quickly. In this paper, hierarchical problem structure is proposed where the top-level problem is the traveling salesman problem and the nested resource-constrained project scheduling problem is replaced by the simulation model. This paper considers combinatorial genetic algorithm (GA) and Lin-Kernigan heuristic (LKH). The performance comparison is fulfilled and competitive results are demonstrated.


In our earlier work, a group of error-compensating phase shifting algorithms with known phase step of (pi) /2 has been derived, and the optimal phase steps for Carre algorithm and Stoilov-Dragostinov algorithm were determined and a good and recommended choice is also (pi) /2. This paper gives a further evidence of error compensating merits of these algorithms. Theoretical analysis, as well as computer simulation is given for evaluating the phase errors due to the most common error sources, such as linear and quadric phase shifter errors, quadric detector error and additive random error.


AbstractThe basic concept of a deployable pyramidal shelter structure based on origami is introduced. Various radially foldable systems are composed by leaf units in leaf-in and leaf-out patterns. Then the geometry and motion of the system are studied. The geometry in the fully deployed configuration for the leaf-out pattern is identical to that for the leaf-in pattern. During motion, the leaf-in pattern reveals actually folding incompatibility. In other words, there are two strain free states; this indicates that a structure is self-locking, i.e., a strain will need to be induced in order to move the structure from one configuration to the other. The strain of the system is irrelevant to the number of leaf elements. The structure with the leaf-out pattern has rigid mobility.


Introduction: A Significant proportion of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients who do not achieve remission will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are recommended as a first line therapy in SRNS but the data on tacrolimus (TAC) and its potential nephrotoxicity in SRNS patients is limited. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective single arm study conducted at IPGMER Kolkata from August 2013 to December 2015. All SRNS patients underwent kidney biopsy before the initiation of therapy. Patients with identified secondary causes of FSGS, eGFR ≤ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, or more than 5% of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) on biopsy were excluded. TAC was given 0.075 mg/kg (adjusted to maintain TAC trough level i.e. T0 of 5-7 ng/mL) with low-dose steroids. Those who completed 12 months of TAC underwent second biopsy. Primary outcome was a percent of partial or complete remission (CR) or refractory. Secondary outcome was time to achieve remission, relapses, and proportion of patients who had adverse effects. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled. Overall remission was seen in 28 patients (87.5%). CR was seen in 17 (53.13%) and partial remission (PR) was seen in 11 (34.38%). Four patients (12.5%) were refractory to therapy. Average time to achieve PR was 72.53 ± 62.57days while average time to achieve CR was 63.84 ± 27.32 days. Mean TAC dose required was 1.75 ±0.86 mg. Thirteen patients (40.63%) had relapses. One patient needed admission for diarrhea. All other adverse effects were managed on outdoor basis. None required discontinuation of TAC therapy. Compared with the baseline biopsy two patients had increase in IFTA and another one developed IFTA on one year protocol biopsy. Conclusion: Low dose TAC maintaining trough levels (T0) of 5 to 7 ng/mL with low dose steroid is an effective option for patients with SRNS. It is well tolerated and efficacious in achieving remission.


Introduction: Globally, endometrial carcinoma is the most common reproductive tract cancer among women. Risk prediction model is a simple, low-cost tool to identify women with increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a model to predict the risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in Sri Lanka.Methods: A case control study was conducted. The cases and the controls were defined as postmenopausal women who had and had not been diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma based on histological confirmation respectively. Variable selection was done considering the objectivity and feasibility of the measurements in addition to the statistical criteria. A scoring system [0-9] was designed based on weighted score of each risk predictor. Predictive validity of the model was tested by calibration and discrimination. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value.Results: The developed model consisted of six predictors; Age >55 years, never conceived, age at menarche ≤11 years, ever experienced postmenopausal bleeding, having family history of any type of cancer among first degree relative, generalized obesity. Discrimination of the model was measured by the area under the ROC curve (0.92, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.88-0.95). Calibration with goodness of fit by Hosmer and Lemeshow test (p=0.72) was satisfactory. The tool demonstrated a good predictive ability with sensitivity of 79.5% (CI: 68.9%-87.3%) and specificity of 90.7% (CI: 86.8%-93.5%) at the cut-off point of 4.5.Conclusions: Model demonstrated good discrimination and well calibration. It can be used in screening of high-risk women for developing endometrial carcinoma.


Objective To study clinical effects of lavage treatment for inflammatory breast diseases guided by color Doppler sonography.Methods The lesions of 63 patients with inflammatory breast diseases (30 of breast abscess,20 of plasma cell mastitis,13 of breast chronic sinus)were positioned by color Doppler sonography.Surgical debridement and lavage catheter treatment were performed under general anesthesia.Results 54 patients were healed by first intention,and they were satisfied with their breast shapes.4cases of mammary abscess,3cases of plasma cell mastitis and 2 cases of breast chronic sinus had relapse within half a month.Conclusions Color Doppler sonography guided lavage treatment of inflammatory breast diseases is simple with significant healing effect,fast recovery speed,less recurrence and high cure rate.The operation had little pain to patients and small hidden postoperative scar.The breast shapes are nice-looking.

Key words:
Mammary abscess; Plasma cell mastitis; Chronic sinus breast;  Lavage treatment; Color Doppler sonography


THERE WAS increasing interest in asthma in the combined hospital/community Dewsbury Health Care trust. This came from many quarters, including nursing, medical and pharmacy staff.


Correcting errors in a data set is a critical issue. This task can be either hand-made by experts, or by crowdsourcing methods, or automatically done using algorithms. Although the rate of errors present in the JeuxDeMots network is rather low, it is important to reduce it. We present here automatic methods for detecting potential secondary errors that would result from automatic inference mechanisms when they rely on an initial error manually detected. Encouraging results also invite us to consider strategies that would automatically detect "erroneous" initial relations, which could lead to the automatic detection of the majority of errors in the network.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to a bevel friction-ring gear. The bevel friction-ring gear comprises a friction ring (4) set so that it can be shifted by a regulating unit (9). The regulating unit (9) comprises a guide on which an operating member for the friction ring (4) made as a regulating link (10) is mounted and able of free movement in axial direction. The regulating unit (9) also comprises a worm gear (17) that can interact with the said guide. EFFECT: easy assembly, disassembly and installation and increased accuracy of friction ring control. 10 cl, 6 dwg


Summary:In this article, Melanie Wasserman reviews the latest evidence about the causal link between family structure and children's economic and social outcomes. Going beyond the question of whether family structure affects child outcomes—a topic that's already been covered at length, including in previous Future of Children volumes—she examines how family structure differentially affects children. One important finding from recent studies is that growing up outside a family with two biological, married parents yields especially negative consequences for boys as compared to girls, including poorer educational outcomes and higher rates of criminal involvement.Wasserman describes mechanisms that may link family structure to children's outcomes, in terms of both the main effect and the differences between effects on boys and on girls. These include same-gender role models in the household and in the neighborhood, parental resources (including money, time, and more), parenting quantity and quality (with attention to how parents allocate their time to children of different genders), and the differences in how boys and girls respond to parental inputs, among other hypotheses.What can be done to ameliorate the effects of family structure on children's outcomes? Wasserman encourages policy makers to supplement the educational, parental, and emotional resources available to those children who are most at risk of experiencing the negative effects of nontraditional family structures.


We discuss a real-space and a Fourier-space technique to compute numerically, the phase images observed by electron holography of nanoscale particles. An assessment of the applicability and accuracy of these techniques is made by calculating numerical results for simple geometries for which analytical solutions are available. We employ the numerical techniques to compute the electron holography phase images of slabs with surface roughness and slabs containing magnetic domain walls.


For the design of Switched-Capacitor(SC)-filters the "leapfrog" or "active ladder" technique is widely used [1, 2]. Following this approach, a signal-flow-graph (SFG) of the analogue reference filter (a.r.f.) is derived from its voltage and current equations such that all frequency dependent terms are of the type I/JT. These ideal-integrator transfer functions are then realized by means of SC-integrators. The resulting SC-filters preserve the sensitivity properties of the a.r.f. [3].


The Morava $E$-theories, $E_{n}$, are complex-oriented $2$-periodic ring spectra, with homotopy groups $\mathbb{W}_{\mathbb{F}_{p^{n}}}[[u_{1}, u_{2}, ... , u_{n-1}]][u,u^{-1}]$. Here $\mathbb{W}$ denotes the Witt vector ring. $E_{n}$ is a Landweber exact spectrum and hence uniquely determined by this ring as $BP_{\ast}$-algebra. Algebraic $K$-theory of $E_{n}$ is a key ingredient towards analyzing the layers in the $p$-complete Waldhausen $K$-theory chromatic tower. One hopes to use the machinery of trace methods to get results towards $K$-theory once the computation for $THH(E_{n})$ is known. In this paper we describe $THH(E_{2})$ as part of consecutive chain of cofiber sequences where each cofiber sits in the next cofiber sequence and the first term of each cofiber sequence is describable completely in terms of suspensions and localizations of $E_{2}$. For these results, we first calculate $K(i)$-homology of $THH(E_{2})$ using a B\"okstedt spectral sequence and then lift the generating classes of $K(1)$-homology to fundamental classes in homotopy group of $THH(E_{2})$. These lifts allow us to construct terms of the cofiber sequence and explicitly understand how they map to $THH(E_{2})$.


Acknowledgments I wish to extent my sincerest thanks to my advisor Dr. Michalis Zervakis for giving me the opportunity to work under his guidance To my parents for their love and affection To Dr. Costas Balas for providing me with helpful information concerning my case study To everyone else for helping me complete this work KONSTANTINOS E. RAPANTZIKOS


Mathematical communication is the ability of a person in terms of explaining an algorithm and unique ways to solve problems, the ability of students to construct, and explain the presentation of real word phenomena in graphs, word/sentence, equation, tables or the ability of students to give assumstions about geometry image. Learning strategies that support mathematical communication skills is: Small-Group-Work Strategy, Group, Cooverative Learning, Think-Pair-Share Strategy, and Think-Talk-Write Strategy.


We study the determinants of output quality in offshore business process outsourcing BPO. Firms can exert control over output quality through incentives formally written into contracts and allow both clients and providers to manage the offshore agents creating a dual governance mechanism. We use a combination of two data sets, a cross sectional data set of 139 processes and a balanced panel data set comprising 21 processes with 36 observations per process, to investigate the impact of different factors on the quality of output of offshore BPO providers. Our findings point to the strong moderating effect of process codifiability on the dual governance mechanism. Process codifiability is not only associated with higher output quality, it also moderates the functioning of the dual governance mechanism and determines when the managerial efforts of the client and provider are substitutes and when they are complementary. We show that contractual incentives tied to quality are generally associated with a higher quality of output. Finally, we show that the use of process-level inter-organizational information systems also has a positive impact on the output quality of offshore BPO providers.


The 1947 Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology (CTCP), chaired by David Shakow (1901–81), was the most important committee of its day because its report provided the framework for the 1949 Boulder Conference and its scientist-practitioner model for training clinical psychologists. It was at this time, after World War II, that the federal government began to support clinical psychology training in a very big way. The CTCP agreed on three main points: that clinical psychology training required a doctoral degree, that a 1-year, full-time internship was necessary, and that the scope of the field included diagnosis, treatment, and research.

Keywords:

measurement in psychology;
mental health;
practice in clinical psychology;
Shakow, David;
attention;
clinical psychology;
committee;
insanity;
training


Workers have found that a split-filter mask made by consecutive exposures through red, green, and blue filters provides better color correction than a mask exposed through a single filter. Nevertheless, split-filter masking has never been adopted in the direct screen separation method. This may be due to the difficulty of determining the opti mum red: green: blue split-filter exposures. This thesis ad dresses the problem of determining the optimum split-filter ratios needed to expose masks for the direct screen sepa


The possibility of substituting 72.5Cu-22.7Zn-3.4Al brass for phosphorus bronze in some case that is now extensively used for elastic component,and purifying the scrap copper for recycling metal was investigated. By adding a little amount of rare earth Y into scrap copper and 72.5Cu-22.7Zn-3.4Al brass to research their structure and characteristics,especially the electric conductivity for scrap copper and HV for the brass were researched. The results show that the tensile strength,elongation and electric conductivity(IACS) of 0.38 mm strip of scrap copper with 0.04% Y,are 213.8 MPa,23% and 98.5% that suit for the elastic components. The tensile strength,elongation and HV of 0.25mm strip of the brass with 0.03% Y are 665.1MPa,2.86% and 226 that satisfy the usage requirement for the elastic components. Meanwhile,the cost is cheaper than phosphorous bronze because of implying 22.7% zinc in the brass,which has the actual application value.


This study aims to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics in women with breast cancer with three or four ipsilateral and contralateral malignant tumors. The second primary malignant neoplasm of the breast is a condition in which the frequency of occurrence is around 50%, mainly in young women. The occurrence of the third and fourth neoplasms is rare, between 0.73% and 11.7%. This is a retrospective cohort study of women with breast cancer from 2000 to 2015. We identified 375 women with second primary breast tumor, of which 6 (1.6%) had three and four new primary breast cancer. Of the six cases with three and four neoplasms, three cases occurred in the QIE (lower left quadrant), overlapping lesion in two cases, and two cases in the QSE (upper left quadrant). Zero clinical and pathological staging was observed in two cases, I in two cases, IIA in two cases, and IA in one case, invasive lobular carcinoma in four cases, and invasive ductal carcinoma in three cases. The molecular subtype luminal occurred in four cases, HER2 overexpressed in three cases, estrogen receptor and HER2 were negative in three cases, and progesterone positive in three cases. The time of diagnosis between the first, third, and fourth tumor ranges from 2 to 72 months. Therefore, more studies are needed on the third and fourth malignant breast tumors as it is a rare entity in patients whose genetic and molecular characteristics are poorly known.


Abstract : A hydraulic system was designed and constructed for the purpose of introducing surface or part-through-the-thickness cracks to thin-wall (0.065-in.) scale-model pressure vessels. The hoop stresses resulting from internal pressure, in the range 4000 to 5000 psi, will be applied as pressure pulses at frequencies up to 160 cycles per minute for numbers of cycles required to grow cracks of predetermined lengths. The system consists essentially of a motor-driven hydraulic pump, valves, fittings, tubing and appropriate instrumentation. A component of the system, a manually-operated hydraulic pump, will afford burst pressures up to 30,000 psi to test vessels containing induced cracks. Several vessels were fabricated from 18 per cent nickel (250 grade) maraging steel. (Author)


Why do lectures get such a bad rap? How might teachers reinvigorate the lecture for today's students? Georgetown professors Nathan Hensley (English), Steven Sabat (Psychology), and Heidi Elmendorf (Biology) participate in a panel discussion moderated by David Ebenbach to address these provocative and pertinent questions, as well as evaluate contemporary criticisms of the lecture.


A significant body of literature has demonstrated that budget institutions and budget processes matter. Both structure the relationship between the key actors, and in doing so influence fiscal outcomes. Beginning in 2001, a new consultative body, the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy, was created to centralize budget policy in the executive. This paper examines the impact of changes to Japan's budget process on 1) the politics of budget spending, and 2) fiscal outcomes. The paper concludes that Japan's new budget process has not had any meaningful impact on the relationship among actors. Because the reform also excludes a significant share of budget spending, it is also unlikely to have any substantial impact on fiscal outcomes.


Abstract : The purpose of the present tests was to evaluate gas turbine engines and combustors from a pollutant standpoint and compare the results with the current state of the art. Extensive tests were made to determine the gaseous exhaust emission characteristics of both a T53-L-13A and a T55-L-11A Lycoming gas turbine engine. In addition, the combustor for each engine was tested separately under laboratory conditions simulating engine operation, with similar measurements of gaseous emissions. Data were analyzed for the full range of engine power operation for CO, hydrocarbons, NO, NOx, and CO2, and for smoke. Samples were taken with six-point traversing probes, with a single-point traversing probe, and with multiorifice averaging-type probes. Extensive profile data plotted along diameters of the engine exhaust, around the circumference of the combustor exit plane, and as isopleth maps are presented.


The protein phosphatase encoded by bacteriophage λ (λPP) belongs to a family of Ser/Thr phosphatases (Ser/Thr PPases) that includes the eukaryotic protein phosphatases 1 (PP1), 2A (PP2A), and 2B (calcineurin). These Ser/Thr PPases and the related purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) contain a conserved phosphoesterase sequence motif that binds a dinuclear metal center. The mechanisms of phosphoester hydrolysis by these enzymes are beginning to be unraveled. To utilize λPP more effectively as a model for probing the catalytic mechanism of the Ser/Thr PPases, we have determined its crystal structure to 2.15 Å resolution. The overall fold resembles that of PP1 and calcineurin, including a conserved âRâRâ structure that comprises the phosphoesterase motif. Substrates and inhibitors probably bind in a narrow surface groove that houses the active site dinuclear Mn(II) center. The arrangement of metal ligands is similar to that in PP1, calcineurin, and PAP, and a bound sulfate ion is present in two novel coordination modes. In two of the three molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, sulfate is coordinated to Mn2 in a monodentate, terminal fashion, and the two Mn(II) ions are bridged by a solvent molecule. Two additional solvent molecules are coordinated to Mn1. In the third molecule, the sulfate ion is triply coordinated to the metal center with one oxygen coordinated to both Mn(II) ions, one oxygen coordinated to Mn1, and one oxygen coordinated to Mn2. The sulfate in this coordination mode displaces the bridging ligand and one of the terminal solvent ligands. In both sulfate coordination modes, the sulfate ion is stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions with conserved arginine residues, Arg 53 and Arg 162. The two different active site structures provide models for intermediates in phosphoester hydrolysis and suggest specific mechanistic roles for conserved residues. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is an essential mechanism for signal transduction and metabolic regulation in all organisms ( 1, 2). Protein phosphorylation by kinases occurs primarily on tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues (3, 4). Protein phosphatases (PPases), 1 which can be conveniently divided into two classes based on substrate specificity, are responsible for their dephosphorylation ( 5, 6). Removal of phosphoryl groups from phosphotyrosine substrates is catalyzed by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) ( 7), and phosphoserine/threonine substrates are hydrolyzed specifically by serine/threonine phosphatases (Ser/Thr PPases) ( 8). A subfamily of dual-specificity PTPases can dephosphorylate phosphoserine/threonine as well ( 5). Ser/Thr PPases are involved in crucial cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and cell differentiation. Numerous pathophysiological conditions have been attributed to aberrant regulation of these enzymes including cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, immunosuppression, and apoptosis (9-11). The eukaryotic Ser/Thr PPases utilize a dinuclear metal cluster for catalysis whereas no metal ions are required by PTPases. On the basis of amino acid sequences of their catalytic domains, the Ser/Thr PPases fall into two structurally distinct families. Using nomenclature for human genes, the symbol PPP has been chosen to represent the family that includes protein phosphatases 1 (PP1), 2A (PP2A), and 2B (PP2B or calcineurin), whereas PPM has been selected to represent the evolutionarily distinct family that includes protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and related enzymes ( 12). PP1, PP2A, and calcineurin share a conserved phosphoesterase sequence motif, DXH(X) nGDXXDR(X)nGNHE, wheren is ∼25 residues ( 13-15). The X-ray structures of PP1 (16, 17) and calcineurin ( 18, 19) revealed that this phosphoesterase motif forms a âRâRâ substructure that provides four of the six ligands to the dinuclear metal center † This work was supported by funds from the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center at Northwestern University (A.C.R.) and by NIH Grant GM46864 (to F.R.) W.C.V. is supported in part by NIH Training Grant GM08382-10. ‡ Refined coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with accession code 1G5B. * Address correspondence to this author. Telephone: (847)467-5301. Fax: (847)467-6489. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. § Northwestern University. | Mayo Clinic and Foundation. 1 Abbreviations: PPase, protein phosphatase; PTPase, protein tyrosine phosphatase; Ser/Thr PPase, serine/threonine phosphatase; PP1, protein phosphatase 1; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A.; PP2B, protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin); PP2C, protein phosphatase 2C.; PAP, purple acid phosphatase; λPP, bacteriophage λ protein phosphatase; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; EMTS, sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate; MAD, multiwavelength anomalous dispersion; rms, root mean square. 15365 Biochemistry2000,39, 15365-15374 10.1021/bi0021030 CCC: $19.00 © 2000 American Chemical Society Published on Web 11/23/2000 (20). Calcineurin and PP1 also exhibit a common catalytic domain topology that generates the substrate binding groove and active site cavity. The phosphoesterase motif observed in the eukaryotic Ser/ Thr PPases is conserved in a number of other enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of phosphate esters ( 15), including the purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) ( 21) and a protein phosphatase encoded by bacteriophage λ (λPP) (14, 22). In the purple acid phosphatases, this motif also forms a âRâRâ fold at the core of the catalytic domain ( 23-26). The active sites of PP1, calcineurin, and PAP are composed of two metal ions separated by 3 -4 Å. The identities of these metal ions in PPases under physiological conditions have not been conclusively established. Although different combinations of metal ions have been observed or assigned in the crystal structures, including Fe(III)Fe(II) ( 25, 26), Fe(III)Zn(II) (18, 19, 24), and Fe(III)Mn(II) (17), the coordination geometries at the active sites are similar. In all three enzymes, the two metal ions are linked by a bridging solvent molecule and a μ-1,1 aspartic acid. Additional ligands include a histidine and an aspartic acid to the first metal ion and two histidines and an asparagine to the second metal ion. The locations of other conserved residues in the phosphoesterase motif are also similar. A distinguishing feature of the PAPs is the presence of a coordinated tyrosine, which is responsible for the purple color of PAPs due to a phenolate-to-Fe(III) chargetransfer transition ( 21). The similarities in sequence, fold, and active site structure of these enzymes suggest that the mechanism of phosphoester hydrolysis is conserved in this class of phosphoesterases. One of the smallest members of this enzyme family is λPP (27) with 221 amino acid residues as compared to 330 for PP1 and 524 for the calcineurin catalytic subunit. Residues 15 -144 ofλPP are homologous to the N-terminal regions of the PP1 and calcineurin catalytic domains, and all the conserved residues in the phosphoesterase motif are present ( 22). The ability to generate large quantities of purified λPP combined with its smaller size have led to its use as a model system for studying the structure and function of Ser/Thr PPases. Initial studies indicated that λPP can utilize several divalent metal ions for catalysis, but the two that yield the highest activity are Mn(II) and Ni(II) ( 22). The formation of an exchange-coupled dinuclear Mn(II) cluster has been demonstrated recently by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy ( 28). In addition,λPP can be reconstituted with iron to form an Fe(III)Fe(II) cluster ( 29) spectroscopically similar to those observed in calcineurin ( 30) and PAP ( 21). Site-directed mutagenesis studies have indicated that residues in the λPP phosphoesterase motif are important for metal binding, substrate binding, and catalysis (14, 29). Comparable results were obtained for PP1 ( 3 , 32), supporting the notion that the catalytic mechanisms of λPP and its eukaryotic relatives are similar. By contrast, λPP is not inhibited by okadaic acid and microcystin ( 22), potent inhibitors of PP1 ( 33), and is therefore not a useful model for the regulation of eukaryotic Ser/Thr PPases. To provide a structural basis for these observed similarities and differences and to utilizeλPP more effectively as a model for probing the catalytic mechanism of the Ser/Thr PPases, we have determined its structure to 2.15-Å resolution. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Purification ofλPP for Crystallization.A plasmid pT7-7 derivative carrying the wild-typeλPP DNA sequence was used to transformEscherichia colistrain BL21(DE3) for protein overexpression by the T7 system ( 34). Large-scale cultures were prepared by inoculating 5 mL of Luria broth containing 400μg/mL ampicillin with single colonies from a plate of freshly transformed cells. These were grown at 37 °C to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.1, after which a 100-μL aliquot was used to inoculate another 5 mL of medium. At an optical density at 600 nm of 1.0, the 5 mL of culture was used to inoculate 100 mL of starter cultures. The 100-mL cultures were then used to inoculate large-scale cultures in 6-L Erlenmeyer flasks containing 1.5 -2.0 L 2xTY and 400μg/mL ampicillin. After induction with 0.3 mM IPTG at an optical density at 600 nm of 0.7 -1.0, the temperature was lowered to 23 °C. Optical densities were measured with a Varian Cary 1 dual-beam spectrophotometer. Cells were harvested after 12 0 h by centrifugation at 1500g and resuspended in 25 mM Tris (pH 7.8), 2.0 mM EDTA, and 20% glycerol. Cells were lysed and homogenized in an ice-cooled Bead Beater (Biospec Products, Inc., Barlesville, OK) using 0.5-mm zirconia/silica beads with ten 10-s bursts of vortexing over 10 min to prevent overheating. After the cell extract was centrifuged at 40000 g for 2 h, the supernatant was applied to a 250-mL column of DEAE Sephadex CL-6B (Pharmacia) equilibrated in 25 mM Tris (pH 7.8) and 2.0 mM EDTA. The colu


A waste disposal site to be constructed in a coastal area is generally surrounded by seawall structures to accommodate waste reclaimed. In case that the seawalls are required to prevent substances contained in waste from leaking out to the sea, they are constructed as quasi-impermeable structures. The quasi-impermeability of the structures is required to be retained by self-sealing performance even in their deformed conditions to be possibly caused by deformation of soft ground or actions of earthquake, wave, tide etc. In addition, it is preferable for quasi-impermeable material to have the features of long durability and adjustability in its fabrication to suit for various construction conditions. We have developed a new quasi-impermeable material with the features of self-sealing, long durability and adjustability in its fabrication by main use of dredged marine clay taking advantage of its low impermeability. In the relevant standard of ministerial ordinance, quasi-impermeable seawall structures are required to have the thickness of 0.5m or more and equivalent hydraulic conductivity of 1.0×10−8 m/s or less. In this study, proposed is a quasi-impermeable seawall structure with steel frame by jointing H-steel sheet piles and such clayey quasi-impermeable material filled inside the frame. The overall performance of the proposed structure was examined in a field test exposing it to a natural sea condition for more than one year. The self-sealing performance of the structure was also examined in the test after intentionally deforming it. Regarding the quality of filling clayey material, the homogeneity of filling was investigated by sounding and sampling tests. It has been confirmed that the structure realizes quasi-impermeability with equivalent hydraulic conductivity of the order of ke = 10−9 m/s, which satisfies the design criteria prescribed by a ministerial ordinance in Japan to allow for practical use in the sea.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This study aims to analyze the effect of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Wordwall media in thematic learning of science content on force and motion material on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Pasir Putih 03. This quantitative research design, True Experiment, used a posttest-only control group final test. Cluster random was the sampling used. Biserial Point Correlation was used to test the validity and produces 25 valid questions and five drop questions from a total of 30 multiple-choice questions. The KR-20 was used to test reliability and get rcount = 0,75 > rtable = 0,34 so the instrument is reliable. Liliefors test in order to test normality obtained values for the control class and experimental class, namely Lcount = 0,1467 < Ltable = 0,152 and Lcount = 0,0972 < Ltable = 0,152 which means that both data were normally distributed. Fisher's test is used to test the homogeneity and get homogeneous results, namely Fcount = 1,67 < Ftable = 1,79. T-test to test the hypothesis of tcount = 8,97 > ttable = 1,668 at 0.05 with dk = 66. Then H0 was rejected, and H1 was accepted, namely the influence of problem-based learning models assisted by Wordwall media in thematic learning of science content on force and motion material on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Pasir Putih 03. The results of this study showed that the use of the PBL model could make students more active, think critically, and independent. Where with this model, students are required to find their solutions to problems by conducting an experimental, and with the help of website-based Wordwall media, students become more enthusiastic and not bored because, with the help of this media, students can learn while playing.


Our country has become a great nation in the movie industry,but not a powerful nation.Movie output and domestic box office income of our country continue to rise,however,oversea box office declines in the recent years.Compared with 2011,qversea box office of Chinese film decreases by 47.5% in 2012.Cultural discount is the main obstacle of going out.This paper analyzes the cause and effect of cultural discount to Chinese film export,and puts forward countermeasure to reduce cultural discount and accelerate the export,such as choose universal values themes,adopt culture mixture strategy,segment market step by step.


ABSTRACT Installing reinforcement piles is an effective method to mitigate ground movement in liquefied soils. In this study, the effectiveness of the pile-reinforcement method is evaluated using an advanced finite element program OpenSeesPL. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate key parameters in the mitigation model, including pile area replacement ratio, pile diameters and pile-embedment length. The effectiveness of pile reinforcement to reduce large flow deformation in the liquefied ground is significantly influenced by the pile-embedment condition. It is recommended the embedment length is at least 1 m or 2 m if the underlying soil is a dense or a medium sand.


(1994). Western summitry in the 1990s: American perspectives. The International Spectator: Vol. 29, The Future of the G‐7 Summits, pp. 81-93.


Abstract A novel piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device with gas permeable membrane is proposed for the detection of microorganisms producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The detection theory is based on the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide onto the silver electrode of the piezoelectric crystal sensor, which causes a dramatic decrease in the resonant frequency of QCM. A 100 Hz frequency shift is chosen as the criteria value to judge the presence of microorganisms producing H2S. Factors affecting detection were investigated. Desiccant is of great practical importance in sensor response. This new biosensor can be a potential candidate for detecting bacteria which produce hydrogen sulfide.


This paper analyzes the factors that cause axial fatigue testing machine not coaxiality and influence on test results, put forward the axial fatigue testing machine alignment inspection, and designed a new type concentric structure to adjust not coaxiality.


In the postoperative period there may be an increase in oxygen consumption of varying degree depending on such factors as age, site and extent of the operative trauma, increase in respiratory work, defense against hypothermia due to heat loss during operation, and sympathetic overactivity due to pain or blood loss. The increase in oxygen consumption is not always matched by a corresponding increase in cardiac output leading to a decrease in mean venous oxygen tension. Elimination of respiratory work with respirator treatment may reduce such increases in postoperative oxygen uptake. Only in patients with greatly increased respiratory work and a high oxygen cost of breathing, however, have we found (BJORK et al. 1964, GRENVIK 1966) the oxygen consumption proportionately more


The reversed phase partition chromatography method was applied for the separation of protactinum from thorium. The protactinium was found to be strongly held on the column whereas thorium was easily eluted with HCl. Protactinium could be then eluted with 5% oxalic acid. (auth)


The electric power industry cannot develop without analyzing the factors that affect the shape of currents and voltages when determining the parameters of the electric network mode in the context of the introduction of modern means of intellectualization into the structure of power supply systems. The share of equipment affecting the electric power quality reaches 90% in modern electrical networks. This leads to the appearance of noise in the network that reduces the quality of electrical energy, voltage distortion by higher harmonic components in particular, and affects the adequacy of the parameters of the electrical network adopted by automatic control devices. The article presents the results of digital signal processing containing distortions in the form of a harmonic component with a decrease in the sampling frequency. It is shown that a decrease in the sampling frequency does not exclude the effect of higher harmonics on the result of processing signals, including high-frequency distortions.


The fundamental supermode was generated using an array of active coupled mesastripe Y couplers made of AlGaAs/GaAs double heterostructures. This system had six light-emitting 5-µ wide channels in the front mirror and these channels were distributed with a period of 10 µ. The watt-ampere characteristic was determined, as well as the distribution of the radiation in the far- and near-field zones in the p-n junction plane. A single-lobe angular distribution was observed for pump currents in the range (1.2–1.7)Ith: in this case up to 50% of the output power was concentrated within an angle of 1.1°.


Wireless standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11af and 802.22) have been developed for enabling opportunistic access in TV white space (TVWS) using cognitive radio (CR) technology. When heterogeneous CR networks that are based on different wireless standards operate in the same TVWS, coexistence issues can potentially cause major problems. Enabling collaborative coexistence via direct coordination between heterogeneous CR networks is very challenging, due to incompatible MAC/PHY designs of coexisting networks, requirement of an over-the-air common control channel for inter-network communications, and time synchronization across devices from different networks. Moreover, such a coexistence scheme would require competing networks or service providers to exchange sensitive control information that may raise conflict of interest issues and customer privacy concerns. In this paper, we present an architecture for enabling collaborative coexistence of heterogeneous CR networks over TVWS, called Symbiotic Heterogeneous coexistence ARchitecturE (SHARE). Define "indirect coordination" first before using it. Because coexistence cannot avoid coordination By mimicking the symbiotic relationships between heterogeneous organisms in a stable ecosystem, SHARE establishes an indirect coordination mechanism between heterogeneous CR networks via a mediator system, which avoids the drawbacks of direct coordination. SHARE includes two spectrum sharing algorithms whose designs were inspired by well-known models and theories from theoretical ecology, viz, the interspecific competition model and the ideal free distribution model.


We construct a Wach module for the absolutely semi-stable representations the filtered $(\varphi, N)$-module of which satisfies the Griffiths transversality, which happens in particular for ordinary representations. This construction extends the ones of Wach and Berger for the absolutely crystalline case. We use it in particular to describe semi-stable representations which factor through the Tate curve extension.


Abstract POLICAN is a near-infrared (J, H, K) imaging polarimeter developed for the Cananea near infrared camera (CANICA) at the 2.1m telescope of the Guillermo Haro Astrophysical Observatory (OAGH) located at Cananea, Sonora, México. The camera has a 1024 x 1024 HgCdTe detector (HAWAII array) with a plate scale of 0.32 arcsec/pixel providing a field of view of 5.5 x 5.5 arcmin. POLICAN is mounted externally to CANICA for narrow-field (f/12) linear polarimetric observations. It consists of a rotating super achromatic (1-2.7μm) half waveplate and a fixed wire-grid polarizer as the analyzer. The light is modulated by setting the half waveplate at different angles (0○, 22.5○, 45○, 67.5○) and linear combinations of the Stokes parameters (I, Q and U) are obtained. Image reduction and removal of instrumental polarization consist of dark noise subtraction, polarimetric flat fielding and background sky subtraction. Polarimetric calibration is performed by observing polarization standards available in the literature. The astrometry correction is performed by matching common stars with the Two Micron All Sky Survey. POLICAN's bright and limiting magnitudes are approximately 6th and 16th magnitude, which correspond to saturation and photon noise, respectively. POLICAN currently achieves a polarimetric accuracy about 3.0% and polarization angle uncertainties within 3○. Preliminary observations of star forming regions are being carried out in order to study their magnetic field properties.


The weld pool oscillations in laser spot welding were investigated experimentally using high speed schlieren photography and probe laser beam reflection technique. Millisecond, 3 kW power pulses from a Rofin-Sinar RS3000 CO2 laser were used for spot welding of SS304 stainless steel samples. A Lexan 95 argon ion laser provided the probe beam for the measurements of the pool oscillation frequency arid high speed schlieren photography of the dynamics of the melt oscillation amplitude during and after the CO2 laser pulse. It was found that for a 3kW 20 ms laser pulse, the frequency of pool oscillations is in the range of 100-300 Hz during the laser pulse. Following the laser pulse, the oscillation frequency increases up to 1.3 kHz over a 20 ms time period. The amplitude of the waves on the melt surface is on the order of 1 mm during the laser pulse. The post pulse decrease of the wave amplitude correlates with the osillation frequency behavior. Comparison of the measured oscillation frequency with the predictions from a surface wave model of oscillation shows that the observed pool instability can not be explained in terms of surface waves.The weld pool oscillations in laser spot welding were investigated experimentally using high speed schlieren photography and probe laser beam reflection technique. Millisecond, 3 kW power pulses from a Rofin-Sinar RS3000 CO2 laser were used for spot welding of SS304 stainless steel samples. A Lexan 95 argon ion laser provided the probe beam for the measurements of the pool oscillation frequency arid high speed schlieren photography of the dynamics of the melt oscillation amplitude during and after the CO2 laser pulse. It was found that for a 3kW 20 ms laser pulse, the frequency of pool oscillations is in the range of 100-300 Hz during the laser pulse. Following the laser pulse, the oscillation frequency increases up to 1.3 kHz over a 20 ms time period. The amplitude of the waves on the melt surface is on the order of 1 mm during the laser pulse. The post pulse decrease of the wave amplitude correlates with the osillation frequency behavior. Comparison of the measured oscillation frequency with the predict...


The nonlinear capacitance in doped nanotube junctions is calculated self consistently. A negative differential capacitance is observed when the applied bias becomes larger than the pseudogap of the metallic armchair nanotube. For this device, one can deduce a relaxation time of approximately 0.1 fs. Because of its negative differential resistance (NDR), a switching time of less than a femtosecond, i.e., at least three orders smaller than present-day switching times, can also be estimated. This effect is important in designing ultrafast nano-electronic components.


Sulfur- and phosphorus-donor atoms define an approximately linear geometry about the Au atom in the title compound, [Au(S2CNEt2){(p-MeO-C6H4)3P}]. The key geometric parameters are Au—S 2.3350 (8) A, Au—P 2.2528 (7) A and an S—Au—P angle of 169.80 (3)°. The deviation from linearity is ascribed to a close intramolecular Au⋯S contact of 3.0564 (8) A.


This research study aimed to evaluate metabolites in human skeletal muscles pre- and post-exercise non-invasively via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). The upper legs of 6 lightly active male subjects underwent imaging pre- and post-exercise via 1.5 T MRI (TR/TE = 3500ms/100ms, FOV = 20cm, slice thickness = 6mm) and 1 H-MRS (TR/TE = 2000ms/31ms, VOI = 20mm x 20mm x 35mm). The researchers measured the pre- and post-exercise metabolic readings (NAA, CHO, and Cr metabolites) for the vastus lateralis and semitendinosus muscles. A paired t-test was performed. In the vastus lateralis muscle, NAA, CHO, and Cr metabolites values decreased with no significant difference after the exercise. Similarly, in the semitendinosus muscle, NAA, CHO, and Cr metabolites values were also decreased with CHO (p<0.02) and Cr (p<0.01) showed the significant difference after the exercise. Evaluating human skeletal muscles via 1 H-MRS at 1.5 T is feasible.


Many scholars have stressed that teaching about the past plays the major role in the formation of national, ethnic, religious, and regional identities, and intergroup perceptions and relations. This article analyzes the impact of the content of history education on several aspects of social identity, including forms, modes, and concepts of identity. Based on examples from Taiwan, Northern Ireland, North Korea, and China, the article shows that history textbooks not only create loyalties and increase salience of particular national or ethnic identity, but also play an important role in the development of the specific forms and meanings of those identities. The analysis reveals the main trends and mechanisms employed by history education in the process of forming the preferable form and concept of identity.


A stud for the lightweight partition is provided that the installation of the fire-retardant soundproofing board is facilitated and vibration and noise are reduced. A stud(10) for the lightweight partition comprises a pair of side plates(20) which is parallel to each other, and a central plate(30) connecting to one end of side plate. The central plate includes a first flat plate member(31) and a second flat plate member(21) connected to the side plate, a plurality of cutting holes(35) formed along the central plate in order to reduce the solid borne sound, a semicircular curve(34) in which a plurality of corrugations(36) are formed in order to reinforce rigidity.


e-mail: info@ NERInstitute.net Web: www.NERInstitute.net 45-47 Donegall Street Belfast BT1 2FG + 44 28 90246214 SUMMARY Employment has been increasing in the Republic of Ireland since its post-crisis nadir in 2012. The effects of the financial crisis were disproportionately felt across Ireland's eight NUTS 3 regions and the returns to employment from Irish growth have benefitted some regions more than others.


A novel flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) system for determination of Troxerutin was described. It was based on the CL reaction of ferricyanide with troxerutin in sodium hydroxide media sensitized by the fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G. The proposed procedure had a linear range of 50×10-7-50×10-5 g/mL, the detection limit was 10×10-7 with a RSD of 25% (10×10-6 g/mL, n=11). This method was sensitive, simple, rapid, and was successfully applied to determination of troxerutin in tablets and injections.


Pepper is one of the important commodities and vegetables with high economic values in Indonesia. This plant is well developed in the lowlands and highlands. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (2009), the national productivity of pepper in Indonesia in 2008 was 6.44 tons per hectare which are much lower than its potential production. According to Purwati et al. (2000), the potential productivity can reach 12 tons per hectare. To meet the increasing demand, various efforts in improving the productivity are very needed. Seed quality of superior varieties is one of the factors influencing the success of agricultural production, including pepper. One effort to improve pepper production and quality is through a breeding program. The program is aimed at the use of superior varieties with high yields and good qualities that can be accepted by farmers (Kusandriani & Permadi 1996). Before setting the breeding and selection methods we need to correct the character of genetic information. One way to obtain genetic information is the diallel cross analysis. According to Johnson (1963), this method is experimentally a systematic approach, and analytically a comprehensive genetic evaluation approach that is useful in identifying potential cross for the best selection in early generations. Diallel analysis is useful in intersecting the suspect of the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA). This analysis is also useful to predict additive and dominant effects of a population which can then be used to predict the genetic variability and heritability. The combining ability analysis can be conducted using the Griffing Method (Griffing 1956), whereas to study the action of genes, genetic components and heritability can use the Hayman Method (Hayman 1954). Griffing and Hayman data analysis are often used together for complementary data interpretation. The analysis (either one or both) has been used for various plants such as pepper (Sousa & Maluf 2003; Geleta et al. 2006; Sujiprihati et al. 2007; do Rego et al. 2009; Kamble et al. 2009; Perez et al. 2009; Daryanto et al. 2010), wheat (Singh et al. 2003), barley (Kakani et al. 2007), peanut (Novita et al. 2007), papaya (Hafsah et al. 2007), and peas (Kalia & Sood 2009). In hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), non-additive genetic effects were larger than additive effects for total yield, fruit length/diameter ratio, fruit dry-matter per plant, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit (Sousa & Maluf 2003). Epistasis was detected for fruit drymatter per plant, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit. Analysis of variance for the combining abilities in chilli pepper (Capsicum baccatum) showed that GCA effects exhibited significant differences and SCA effects of the crosses were significant, except for the height Diallel Analysis using Hayman Method to Study Genetic Parameters of Yield Components in Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)


An analytical investigation is performed of the evolution of double degenerate dwarf binary systems into Type I supernovae. The discussion is limited to systems consisting of carbon-oxygen and oxygen-neon-magnesium dwarfs and those composed of two carbon-oxygen dwarfs. The companions spiral together and the secondary, with a mass more than about 0.6 solar mass, fills its Roche lobe. The radius of the secondary increases faster than the Roche lobe due to mass overflow, which becomes unstable. The instability can lead to a Type I explosion and may or may not cause the formation of a neutron star. If a neutron star forms, the secondary, reduced to below 0.6 solar mass, will spiral inward to the primary and eventually be absorbed by the neutron star. If a white dwarf remnant remains after the supernova explosion of the overflow radius, then a second supernova explosion can occur.


Introduction: The temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) consist of varieties of pathologies affecting the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. The majority of these patient's who have TMJ pain and dysfunction visits to the dental practice. Electrophysical modalities such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound massage therapy, microwave, laser, and manual therapy techniques are used to relieve pain and restore normal mouth opening. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of TENS and ultrasound massage therapies in TMJDs and concerning the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions. Study Design: The study comprised 40 patients received with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) will be included in the study with the mean age of 18–50 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with TMDs, according to research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for TMD/RDC, participated in the study with the age group of 18–50 years, all the patients were randomly divided and treated with ultrasound massage therapy and TENS therapy, and pain intensity, mouth opening, and reduction in the tenderness of muscles of mastication individually were evaluated using visual analog scale, at every follow-up visits. Results: In TENS therapy, a significant improvement in reduction of pain as well as in tenderness of masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and accessory muscles on both right and left sides of TMJ when compared to ultrasound massage therapy was found. Improvement in the mouth opening by TENS therapy than US massage therapy in management of TMDs was also found. Conclusion: The results of our study showed a significant decrease in pain and tenderness of muscles by TENS therapy rather than ultrasound massage therapy in the management of TMDs. These therapies bring favorable safety characteristics to clinics being non-invasive modalities.


Chamaecrista rotundifolia is a legume of high yield and nutritional value for livestock; however, it presents high seed dormancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate dormancy-breaking methods and the influence of soil texture on seedling emergence and initial development of C. rotundifolia. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a split-plot design with five replications. There were three treatments including dormancy-breaking techniques with immersion of the seeds in (1) hot water at 80°C for 30 s followed by 12 h in water at room temperature (25 °C; HW); (2) water at room temperature (25 °C) for 24 h (EW); and (3) hydrochloric acid (0.05 mol L-1) for 15 min (HA) (4) and a control group with no seed intervention, disposed in the main plots in randomized blocks. Seeds were cropped in two types of soil as subplots. Seedling emergence was evaluated daily to calculate the percentage emergence and emergence speed index. Plant performance was evaluated (21 days after sowing) through measurements of mass and length of components. Chamaecrista rotundifolia showed a high degree of dormancy in the seeds, and the treatment using HW had greater efficiency in seedling emergence (p < 0.01) and emergence speed index (p < 0.05). Total dry mass was superior in sandy soil (p < 0.05). Soil texture and dormancy treatments influenced the initial performance of plants, which performed better in sandy soil.Key words: germination; legume; sandy; seed; soil texture.


Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Since parents (father and mother) and teachers are directly associated with the academic and behavioral problems in children, they play a key role in the identification, referral and treatment of children with attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is therefore important that parents have the necessary knowledge about this disorder to achieve the earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. The present study compares the parents' knowledge about ADHD. In a descriptive analytical study 354 (pairs of) parents are studied as convenient samples to compare fathers' and mothers' knowledge about ADHD. In this study KADDS (Knowledge of attention deficit disorder scale) (16 and 17), plus a questionnaire on the demographic information are used. And finally using the t tests and chi-square test of SPSS version 20 the data are analyzed. Test results show that the mean general knowledge of ADHD in the group of mothers (M = 5.96, SD = 2.30) is significantly higher than the group of fathers. (M = 5.55, SD = 2. 58)Also the mean level of knowledge about ADHD in the group of mothers (M = 4.12, SD = 1.69) is significantly higher than fathers (M = 3.79, SD = 2.1). However the results of t-test for independent samples indicates the lack of significant difference between the mean level of knowledge about symptoms and how to diagnose ADHD in the group of fathers and mothers. Mean level of knowledge about ADHD treatment in the group of mothers (M = 4.12, SD = 1.69) is significantly more than fathers (M = 3.79, SD = 2.1). The results also indicate that there is a significant relationship between parents' knowledge and education (P <0.001) but there is no significant relationship between age and residence location. In general, the level of general knowledge and the knowledge about how to treat the disorder in mothers is higher than fathers and indicates the need to train parents, especially fathers of ADHD patients also these results suggest mothers as more suitable option to participate in ADHD children treatment. KEYWORDS


SUBTITLE: SEPTEMBER 11 WAS A BODY BLOW TO AN INDUSTRY GROWN COMPLACENT AS INFLATED YIELDS AND PROFITS ROLLED IN DURING THE PROSPEROUS 1990S, WRITES SENIOR UNITED AIRLINES CAPTAIN AND FINANCIAL ANALYST VAUGHN CORDLE. NOW THE TIME OF RECKONING HAS ARRIVED, BRINGING WITH IN THE NEAR-CERTAINTY OF EXTINCTION FOR SOME CARRIERS BUT ALSO AN OPPORTUNITY TO REBUILD A STRAINED RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PAYING PASSENGER.


The magazine (Bulletin) of "Seikou" was made by conservation engineers to exchange information about the survey and repair work of historic buildings...


Farm households are economic agents whose income is derived from farm, off-farm, and government sources. This article uses farm-level data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) and recent advances in the econometric theory of dynamic pseudo-panels to show that farm households consume various sources of income differently at the margin. Particular attention is given to a specific type of lump-sum government transfer payment intended to be decoupled from (independent of) farm production decisions. The results suggest that relatively decoupled government subsidies have a greater marginal effect on farm household consumption than subsidies that are tied to market conditions. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.


This work presents experiments to teach fundamentals of automation through a sequence of laboratory practices that naturally guide to development of an on/off control system. It focuses on the integration of technological and scientific concepts, based on an educational approach associated with a problem-solving technique.