The agricultural technology is generally not adopted by the farmers completely in all respects as such. There always appears a gap between the technology recommended by the scientists and its use at farmer's level. The study was conducted in Narmada districts of South Gujarat. The primary data was collected from 100 respondents by following personal interview method and using structured interview schedule. This study was objective to ascertain the relationship between selected characteristics pigeon pea growers and their overall adoption gap in recommended pigeon pea practices. In order to realize the objective of the study, 100 farmers were selected from adoptive villages higher areas of pigeon pea growers purposively and random sampling technique pigeon pea had medium adoption gap 68.89 per cent about recommended pigeon pea practices Majority of pigeon pea growers had land holding (0.169),annual income (0.052), risk preference (0.066), scientific orientation (0.301) were negative and significant association with their adoption gap of recommended pigeon pea production technologies, While, education, (0.162),knowledge (0.228) were significantly correlated at 5% level of significance.


The present paper describes about the effects of the inequality of blade spacing on the steady cavitation and its stability. The development process of the cavity in the cascade with unequally spaced blades is more complex in comparison with that in the cascade with equally spaced blades. The development process can be reasonably explained by the interaction between the local flow near cavity trailing edge and the leading edge of adjacent blade. The minimum cavitation number of the region of stable cavitation can be decreased by unequalizing the blade spacing. Various unstable cavitation appears in low cavitation number where the cavity is longer than the 65% of blade spacing.


This qualitative case study describes how playing Pokémon affected the lives of two adults who self-identify as life-long Pokémon players. Our research provides an understanding of how Pokémon influenced their self-concept and identity and offers insight into why they continue playing. Data collection included questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, follow-up questions and artifacts. Using a priori codes we identified four main themes: early support, socialization, media production and competition and then crystallized the themes to develop case narratives telling our participants' stories. The case demonstrates that while the players share many commonalities in their early gaming habits, they also had some marked differences in how Pokémon shaped their self-concept and identity in regards to socialization practices and different types of status within the game community, which impacts the reasons they continue to play. Results from this study extend prior research on the value of playing games towards shaping identity.


The Hankel determinant representations for the partition function and boundary correlation functions of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions are investigated by the methods of orthogonal polynomial theory. For specific values of the parameters of the model, corresponding to 1-, 2- and 3-enumerations of alternating sign matrices (ASMs), these polynomials specialize to classical ones (continuous Hahn, Meixner–Pollaczek and continuous dual Hahn, respectively). As a consequence, a unified and simplified treatment of ASM enumerations turns out to be possible, leading also to some new results such as the refined 3-enumerations of ASMs. Furthermore, the use of orthogonal polynomials allows us to express, for generic values of the parameters of the model, the partition function of the (partially) inhomogeneous model in terms of the one-point boundary correlation functions of the homogeneous one.


We present a concept for representing uncertain topological relations and their derivation from uncertain sets, useful for spatial and temporal reasoning in GIS. The concept is based on the notion of a stochastic boundary of a geometric set and on tests performed to decide the validity of relations between the sets. It uses the power-function to derive the probabilities of the found relations. The concept is applicable to all questions where uncertain geometric queries or analysis have to be performed.


The paper analyzes the most signifi cant issues related to the information extraction from documents and discusses some theoretical models suitable for recognition. It presents, in brief, the main components of a hybrid approach, which combines an application of a domain ontology and deep learning techniques to recognize and classify the document structure effi ciently. The approach is based on the use of a symbolic logic inference model to utilize the knowledge about the document semantics. The document's segments are referring to the conceptual purpose of the document, which is recognized by applying modern architecture for object detection. An appropriate domain ontology solves the issues related to the semantic completeness of the document's data. Several experiments have been carried out and the results obtained have been analyzed in terms of the applicability of various modern technologies for the implementation of document understanding system.


Neuropsychiatric sequelae of carbon-monoxide poisoning are now well documented. A recent Lancet annotation (1962) referred, however, to the less-well-recognized occurrence of postanoxic encephalopathy after a period of apparent clinical recovery ; a series of five such cases reported by Plum et al. (1962) is quoted. The present case provides a further example of delayed neurological and psychiatric effects of coal-gas poisoning; it demonstrates in addition the occurrence of temporary clinical improvement.


The invention relates to an access control method suitable for a tri-element peer authentication trusted network connect architecture, which comprises the following steps: 1) realizing the encapsulation of user authentication protocol data and platform authentication protocol data: 1.1) encapsulating the user authentication protocol data in Data fields of TAEP packets, realizing bidirectional user authentication between an access requester and an access controller by interacting the TAEP packets between the access requester and the access controller and between the access controller and a policy manager, and establishing a safe passage between the access requester and the access controller; and 1.2) encapsulating the platform authentication protocol data in the Data fields of the TAEP packets, for the platform authentication protocol data between the access requester and the access controller, taking a TAEP packet of the platform authentication protocol data as a Data field of another TAEP packet, and nesting and encapsulating the Data field in the another TAEP packet.


The importance of the complement system in host defense against systemic infection caused by neisseriae is emphasized by a number of clinical observations documenting the importance of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity in protection from systemic meningococcal disease (17) and the well-recognized association between the resistance of gonococci to complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity and the development of disseminated gonococcal infection (46, 49). Moreover, individuals with inherited complement deficiencies have a markedly increased risk (ca. 6,000-fold) of acquiring systemic neisserial infections and are subject to recurrent episodes of systemic meningococcal and gonococcal infections (37, 43). The purpose of this report is to review the complement cascade with particular reference to its importance in host defense against bacterial diseases, to compare and contrast neisserial disease in complement-deficient and complementsufficient individuals, to examine the molecular and functional basis for the particular importance of complement in host defense against these infections, and to examine the immunologic basis for prevention of neisserial disease in complement-deficient individuals.


(*) Notice: Under 35 U.S.C. 154(b), the term of this (57) ABSTRACT patent shall be extended for 0 days. The invention provides novel polyether hydroxycarboxylate (21) Appl. No.: 09/225,809 copolymers which are effective Sequestering agents. The polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymer when used in a (22) Filed: Jan. 5, 1999 cleaning composition enhances or "builds' the cleaning (51) Int. CI.7 C11D 3/37; CO8G 63/12 efficiency of the Surfactant by inactivating hardneSS ions. In


By using the trial function method and integral method,we construct some new exact solutions for a class of generalized KdV equation and generalized Burgers equation.


Determination of water age in headwater is important to consider water pathway, source and storage in the catchment. Previous studies showed that groundwater residence time changes seasonally. These studies reported that mean residence time of water in dry season tends to be longer than that in rainy season, and it becomes shorter as precipitation and discharge amount increases. However, there are few studies to clarify factors causing seasonal change in mean residence time in spring water and groundwater based on observed data. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the relationship between mean residence time and groundwater flow system using SFconcentration in spring and 10 minutes interval hydrological data such as discharge volume, groundwater level and precipitation amount in a headwater catchment in Fukushima, Japan.


REVIEW OBJECTIVE/QUESTION
The objective of this review is to summarize the published evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of hypodermoclysis in comparison to intravenous fluid infusion for the rehydration of children with mild or moderate dehydration in hospital and home settings.The question of the review question is: How do the safety and effectiveness of hypodermoclysis compare to those of intravenous fluid infusion for the rehydration of children presenting with mild to moderate dehydration at hospital or home settings?


Altered b -adrenergic signal transduction in nonfailing hypertrophied myocytes from Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279: H2502–H2508, 2000.—Desensitization of the b -adrenergic receptor ( b -AR) response is well documented in hypertrophied hearts. We investigated whether b -AR desensitization is also present at the cellular level in hypertrophied myocardium, as well as the physiological role of inhibitory G (G i ) proteins and the L-type Ca 2 1 channel in mediating b -AR desensitization. Left ventricular (LV) myocytes were isolated from hypertrophied hearts of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats and nonhypertrophied hearts of normotensive salt-resistant (DR) rats. Cells were paced at a rate of 300 beats/min at 37°C, and myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca 2 1 concentration ([Ca 2 1 ] i ) were simultaneously measured. In response to increasing concentrations of isoproterenol, DR myocytes displayed a dose-dependent augmentation of cell shortening and the [Ca 2 1 ] i transient amplitude, whereas hypertrophied DS myocytes had a blunted response of both cell shortening and the [Ca 2 1 ] i transient amplitude. Interestingly, inhibition of G i proteins did not restore b -AR desensitization in DS myo- cytes. The responses to increases in extracellular Ca 2 1 and an L-type Ca 2 1 channel agonist were also similar in both DS and DR myocytes. Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, however, was blunted in hypertrophied myocytes. We concluded that compensated ventricular hypertrophy results in a blunted contractile response to b -AR stimulation, which is present at the cellular level and independent of alterations in inhibitory G proteins and the L-type Ca 2 1 channel. The contractile response to isoproterenol studied sequentially dose compared two- or three-factor ANOVA with repeated measures appropri-ate, using standard statistical means 6 A P , considered statistically significant.


The Laurentide Ice Sheet deposited three tills on Anticosti Island. The oldest, the Riviere a la Patate Till, was formed by southeastward-flowing ice as determined from till fabrics. The till has an estimated age of 85 000 years BP based on the aminoacid racemization of shell fragments in overlying marine sediments. Thus it is probably Early Wisconsinan in age. The Middle Wisconsinan Riviere Jupiter Till and the Late Wisconsinan Ile d'Anticosti Till are the result of the southwest-flowing Laurentide ice. The ice flowed without restriction though without accomplishing deep erosion of the bedrock, as indicated by glaciotectonic structures and till fabrics. However, striated blocks and pebbles in the tills reveal that basal shearing occurred. The ice limit in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from about 36 000 years BP onwards was located along the south coast of the island. This was the result of active calving at the margin of the relatively slow moving ice sheet. During retreat of the ice sheet, an ice cap became ...


Electronic monitoring systems are becoming a prominent feature of the modern office. The aims of the present study were three-fold. First, to assess the effects electronic security monitoring systems (ESM) have on the user's physiological state. Second, the researches aimed to examine the effects explicit security challenges have on both user behaviour and physiological state when using an ESM system. Finally, the research aimed to examine the effects one form of electronic performance monitoring system may have on the user's physiological state. To this effect, the present study examined the physiological and performance effects of two simulated electronic monitoring systems (security/performance). The computer task required 32 subjects to enter mock clinical case notes under various conditions. In the first session subjects were only required to enter the case notes while keystroke data were collected. In the "security baseline" condition subjects were informed that a keystroke security monitoring system had been instituted, but no security challenges occurred. In the "security challenge" condition, however, a number of explicit security challenges occurred. In the final "performance monitoring" condition, subjects were informed that their data entry speed was monitored and they were placed on a response-cost schedule for poor performance. Blood pressure and continuous inter-heartbeat latency were recorded for the security and performance conditions. Results indicated that monitoring systems have the potential to evoke altered arousal states in the form of increased heart rate and blood pressure. Contrary to expectations, the hypothesized improvement in task performance within the performance monitoring condition was not observed. The implications of these results for the design and implementation of electronically based behavioural-based security and performance monitoring systems are discussed.


The individual life course consists of a number of careers which are strongly intertwined. The main focus of this article can be found in the interrelations of the fertility career the working career and the housing career [in the Netherlands]. A new data source the TelePanel enables us to look at the influence of changes in one career on other careers at the individual level with a high accuracy in time. Childbirth is the main event here. Over the past decades the moment of quitting a job came closer to the moment of childbirth which made the sequence change direction: nowadays a woman quits her job because shes pregnant while she used to quit a job to become pregnant. Analyses of relocation behaviour show that many women delay getting pregnant until they have found [a] larger home. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (EXCERPT)


Abstract. Mountain hazard risk analysis for transport infrastructure is regularly based on deterministic approaches. Due to a variety of variables and data needed for risk computation, a considerable degree of epistemic uncertainty results. Consequently, input data needed for risk assessment is normally processed as mean values with or without scatter, or as an individual deterministic value from expert judgement if no statistical data is available. To overcome this gap, we used a probabilistic approach to express the potential bandwidth of input data with two different distribution functions, taking a mountain road in the Eastern European Alps as case study. The risk assessment included the damage potential of road infrastructure and traffic exposed to a multi-hazard environment (torrent processes, snow avalanches, rock fall). Reliable quantiles of the calculated probability density distributions attributed to the aggregated road risk due to the impact of multiple-mountain hazards were compared to the deterministic results from the standard guidelines on road safety. The results clearly show that with common deterministic approaches risk is significantly underestimated in comparison to a probabilistic risk modelling setup, mainly due to epistemic uncertainties of the input data. The study provides added value to further develop standardized road safety guidelines and may therefore be of particular importance for road authorities and political decision-makers.


A short review ofcurrent ECJ cases on the meaninogf "Waste"; Member Stares' competence to use criminal penalties to promote compliance with Community law; the meaning of "discard" and the meaning of "disposal" and "recovery"operations for the purposes of Directive 91/156/EEC; likelihood of a wide interpretation of the term "waste".


'Edelweiss' and 'Swenson Red' grapes were developed from crosses made over 30 years ago with the goal of improving table grape quality in cultivars suitable for northern locations. Both have been grown at the University of Minnesota, Horticultural Research Center since 1968.


Experiments by Willcock I on the effect of radium radiations on Hydra viridis and Hydra fusca show that the green form is far more resistant to rays than the brown. The green hydras are not killed by an exposure of 41⁄2 hours to 50 rag. of radium bromide; the brown hydras, on the other hand, die after "comparatively short exposures." I have repeated this experiment several times and have obtained the same results. Willcock also found that protozoa containing chlorophyll are uniformly more resistant than those which have none. Since these experiments were carried on in daylight, it seemed possible that the difference in the reaction between the two classes of animals experimented upon might be due to the activity of the chlorophyll. If this assumption is correct, we should expect that plant cells radiated in complete darkness, when the chlorophyll is not active, would be more sensitive to the rays than in the light. To test this point I have made a number of experiments on Spirogyra and Volvox. The radium (20.4 rag. of element, enclosed in a thin-walled silver tube) was placed in a watch-glass filled with water, and the Spirogyra filaments were laid across it. In the light, the cells nearest the tube began to show a typical phenomenon of disintegration in 2 to 3 hours. This disintegration consists in the following. The chlorophyll bands first contract somewhat, losing their spiral arrangement. A few minutes later they resolve into an irregular heap of chlorophyll in one end of the cell. In the light, this phenomenon began to be noticed after an exposure of from 21⁄2 to 3 hours. The


An analysis is made on the transient temperature response of fluid and of heat generating rod in the case of annular flow. Special consideration is given to the effects of the rod heat capacity and radial thermal conduction in the rod during the transient. The analysis is based on the following assumptions: (1) Initially the system has a uniform temperature distribution, and the rod undergoes a step change in heat generation; (2) the temperature of the fluid entering the annular space is kept constant; (3) the velocity distribution of fluid is uniform; (4) all physical properties remain unchanged during the transient; (5) axial thermal conduction in the rod is neglected in comparison with that in the radial direction; (6) axial thermal conduction in the fluid is neglected in comparison with axial thermal convection. The present result is compared with values by quasi-static solution for various heat transfer parameters.


This study examines the choice of flotation mechanism within the framework of the French Second Market. Between 1983 and 1996, a firm that opted for a quotation on the Second Market, had the choice between lir an auction-like procedure lthere were two variantsr and liir a fixed-price introduction procedure. Several interesting results are presented. First, the choice for an auction-like procedure appears to be positively related to firm valuation uncertainty at the IPO. Second, the likelihood of opting for an auction-like procedure decreases as the reputation of the investment bank guiding the flotation increases. Third, the likelihood of opting for an auction is increasing in the number of secondary shares sold by venture capitalists and investment banks. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.


Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate (, ) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p interaction (p0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p) was higher (p interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.


Process in polymer free volume is very important in initiation phase of electrical tree under ac stress. Electrons injected from electrode are accelerated in free volume and bombard free volume wall to produce free radical and break polymer chain. Kind of gas in free volume has a large effect on ac tree initiation. Untreated (air) specimens shows low ac tree initiation voltage. We already reported autoxidation process between polymer free radical and O/sub 2/ decreases ac tree initiation voltage. Degassed specimens and N/sub 2/ specimens show much higher value, because of absence of O/sub 2/. However, tree initiation voltages of He specimens and Ar specimens are as low as untreated specimens though absence of O/sub 2/. We consider this is attributed to Penning process where metastable He or Ar atoms are produced by collision with hot electrons and then they collide with free volume wall to break polymer chain with high efficiency.


Stocks have become a popular investment instrument in the current digitalization era, in general, investors will be interested in investing in shares of issuers with good fundamental conditions. The LQ45 stock index is an alternative to the JCI that makes it easier for market participants or investors to choose preferred stocks. The performance of the LQ45 stock index is not always brilliant, there are many factors that tend to influence it, such as macroeconomic factors which adapt very quickly to publicly listed issuers so that it has an impact on the formation of stock prices on the stock exchange. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of USD/IDR Exchange Rate Inflation and BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate on the LQ45 Stock Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population consists of time series for 55 months, namely January 2017-July 2021. Sampling uses non-probability sampling with a saturated sample technique where all members of the population are sampled. Secondary data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques supported by software SPSS 25 . Hypothesis testing was carried out using the F test and T test. The results of the T test (partial) show that inflation and the BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate have a positive and significant effect on the LQ45 Stock Index, while the USD/IDR Exchange Rate has a negative and significant effect on the LQ45 Stock Index.
Keywords: Inflation, USD/IDR Exchange Rate, BI-7 Day (Reverse) Repo Rate, LQ45 Stock Index


Let $X^I_n$ be the coalescence time of two particles picked at random from the $n$th generation of a critical Galton-Watson process with immigration, and let $A^I_n$ be the coalescence time of the whole population in the $n$th generation. In this paper, we study the limiting behaviors of $X^I_n$ and $A^I_n$ as $n\to\infty$.


This paper describes a new approach to modelling robot systems by a large number of cooperating agents solving a robot task. On the one hand the agent model submits to use results of the distributed artificial intelligence (DAI), on the other hand, typical aspects of robot systems must be integrated. Therefore, an agent model will be presented serving the special requirements of robot systems and offering many advantages like robustness, high efficiency, and the chance of integrating reactive and deliberative behavior. The agent model also enables the use of different programming paradigms, ranging from complex over hierarchical to object-oriented agents. Finally, a typical set of agents is presented, forming a multi-layered, distributed and reactive (MDR) robot task-level transformer.


The problem of helical vortices description has the significant interest as from fundamental point of view as well for practice. In some sense this problem is close to the vortex ring one which attracted much more attention in last decades. The reviews on the vortex rings investigations can be found in recent papers (1, 2) or in book by Akhmetov (3). In particular, in series of papers by Kaplanskii with co-authors (4-6) there was considered the viscosity influence on the vortex ring evolution. Separate attention was paid to the low Reynolds number case and to high Reynolds number one, initial stage of viscous evolution and final one. This paper presents first attempt for research on the diffusion and dynamics of a viscous helical vortex. In this work the problem of thin helical dynamics in low-viscosity liquid is considered. Appearance of helical vortex in the flow assumes helical symmetry. It means, that all of flow characteristic will be constant along the helical lines. The flow of viscous incompressible fluid under condition of the helical symmetry is described in variables vorticity - stream function by the system of equations (7, 8) 2


Keeping jn perspective PR! revitalisation attempts· si~e 1959 in India, the article focuses on the latest one as embodied in the M.P. Panchayaii Raj Act, 1990. Analysing provisions of tile Act on functions, structure (including state control)i fund and property--covering its three tiers--the authors observe that the Act forms part of the continuing experimental approach of government in this,regard. For genuine decentralisation through PR/s, they emphasise the need for breaking. Vr!Sted interests and mustering of political will.


Impact of weed-crop competition periods on the yield and yield parameters of mungbean was investigated during the spring and summer season of 2018 at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Treatments comprised of different weed-crop competition periods, weeds were allowed to compete for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days with mungbean after sowing. For comparison, weed free and weedy check plots were also maintained. Results revealed the importance of controlling weeds for getting better grain and other yield contributing traits during both the seasons. Uncontrolled weeds caused about 50 percent yield losses. Whereas similar results of grain yield and other yield related parameters were also recorded in weed free plots and weed-crop competition period for 15 days after sowing plots, while there is a gradual decline in yield and other yield related parameters if weed-crop competition periods were prolonged. These studies highlighted the importance of controlling weeds with further indication of controlling weeds till 15-30 days after sowing to get better yield of mungbean crop in both the spring and summer seasons.


We read with interest the letter by Gill et al "commenting on costimulation blockade in large markets only» (1). They pinpoint the fact that the United States for long times have been the testing ground for development and commercialization of new therapeutics. This is a problem for therapeutics with small target patient populations such as immunosuppressant drugs. The authors anticipate that this will be a bigger issue in the future arguing that establishing a market foothold for new transplant therapeutics in the U.S. market likely will be even more difficult with the availability of generic immunosuppressant drugs.

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An overview of systematic studies that address the complexity of nanofluid systems and advance the understanding of nanoscale contributions to viscosity, thermal conductivity, and cooling efficiency of nanofluids will be presented. The factors and mechanisms contributing to the fluid cooling efficiency will be discussed first, followed by a review of nanofluid engineering parameters and a brief analysis of their contributions to basic thermophysical properties. The systems engineering approach will be used to describe how various nanofluid parameters contribute to the systems cooling performance. The latter also offers insights into the principles of the efficient nanofluid design for heat transfer and other novel applications.


Matrix factorization (MF), a popular unsupervised learning technique for data representation, has been widely applied in data mining and machine learning. According to different application scenarios, one can impose different constraints on the factorization to find the desired basis, which captures high-level semantics for the given data, and learns the compact representation corresponding to the basis. We note that almost all previous work on MF in data mining has ignored to find such a basis, which can carry high-order semantics in the data. In this work, we propose a novel MF framework called Joint Hypergraph Embedding and Sparse Coding, in which the obtained basis captures high-order semantic information in data. Experimental results on data clustering demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms the other state-of-the-art matrix factorization methods.


This article approaches the socialization relationships of a transnational Cuban family in public virtual contexts as Facebook and Instagram, from the analysis of the digital images that they publish and exchange in their daily lives. In parallel, we explore the dynamics of surveillance, control, and resistance that emerge from this primary institution, in a context marked by the migratory phenomenon of multiple destinations and the use of New Information and Communication Technologies (nicts). Context where the making and transfer of images goes beyond the traditional limits of the Analog Era.


Objective To probe into the method of early diagnose and treatment of cholelithiasis with bile duct carcinoma.Methods The prospective studies were carried out in 123 patients.B mode ultrasonography and computer tomography were performed;The level of carbonhydrate antigen 19 9,125 and 50 were measured in some cases peroperation.Biospy was carried out in doubtful tissure,all bile duct carcinoma patients underwent operation.Results 18 patients were diagnose as bile duct carcinoma.The accurate ration was 100% and radical operation ration was 61%.Conclusion The special apperance of B mode ultrasonigraphy and computertomography and CA 19-9 levels were helpful to find bile duct carcinoma of cholelithiasis early,and to improve the effecting of operation.


Objective To study the effects of Lycopene(LP) on blood lipid and antioxidative enzyme in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight and serum cholesterol levels.They were fed one of four diets,a reference diet,a high fat supplemented diet and a high fat supplemented with 10?mg/kg,20?mg/kg LP.After 5 weeks,blood lipid and antioxidative enzymes capacity were determined respectively.Results Compared with model ,LP could reduced the serum TC,TG,LDL-C concentration, increased SOD and GSH-Px activities,decreased MDA content significandy(P0.05).Conclusion LP might play an important role in preventing hyperlipidemia through its antioxidative effect.


We establish the existence of global pathwise solutions for the stochastic non‐Newtonian incompressible fluid equations in two space dimensions. Moreover, we show that said solutions converge in probability to solutions of the stochastic Navier‐Stokes equations in the appropriate limit. Our approach is based on Galerkin approximations and the theory of martingale solutions.


This article features qualitative data from in-depth interviews of alumni from a long-standing, structured, postdoctoral research training program. Alumni from diverse scientific disciplines and representing 25 years of the program's history reflected on the training curriculum and career preparation as it relates to their current career path.


As our country has entered into the only-child policy times in the 21st century,the educational problem of the only-child college students will directly affect the quality of our country's future population,and concern the prospect of the state and the nation.This paper combining with the ideological and behavioral characteristics of the contemporary only-child college students,probes deeply into the approach to promote the educational administration work of the only-child college students,and puts forward the countermeasures of improving students' moral education.


Dysregulation of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) is implicated in diseases such as hypertension and congestive heart failure. cGMP regulating systems work as physiological antagonists to counter harmful RAAS hyperactivity. Uroguanylin (UGN) is one such cGMP regulating peptide, but its effect on RAAS has not been studied. On the basis of background information from other cGMP regulating factors like atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), as well as the phenotype of UGN knockout mice, we formulated the hypothesis that UGN negatively regulates renin expression and/or secretion. The microarray results were consistent with our hypothesis that UGN inhibits renin mRNA expression but we could not validate this by Real-Time PCR. A possible reason behind this discrepancy could be the remarkable effect of psychosocial stress on renin expression, a parameter not considered during our microarray experiment. Future studies could be designed to explore the possible negative role of UGN on renin secretion.


Nowadays, a lot of mechanical components contain seals which are exposed to friction and wear. This seals are many times made of rubber-like materials the tribological behaviour of which is poorly investigated. Understanding the tribological performance of this kind of materials is a key factor to improve the functionality and life of mechanical seals. This article presents results obtained with different commercial tribometers where the friction and wear behaviour of an EPDM rubber-like material was tested. The tests have been performed at different testing conditions in terms of temperature, velocity or normal load, as well as in dry and lubricated environment.


This study refers to a phenomenon among Balinese business practices that is faced with new situations so that a conflict arises between beliefs and something that must be lived but is considered contrary to attitudes. The new situation is the impact of the pandemic that can affect business continuity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Cognitive Dissonance on Business Longevity and the effect of Cognitive Dissonance on Business Longevity moderated by Spiritual Values. The research method used is quantitative method and purposive sampling as sampling. The data obtained were then processed with SPSS. This study has a sample of 120 respondents who are business practices in Badung, Bali. The results showed that Cognitive Dissonance had a significant effect on Business Longevity. Moreover, there is no moderating effect exerted by Spiritual Value in the relationship between Cognitive Dissonance and Business Longevity. However, this study found that Spiritual Values can have a partial effect on Business Longevity.


The City and Port of Belfast evolved artificially, a product and producer of Western industrialisation. The trajectory to become a leading industrial city of the British Empire was secured through an extensive project of reclaiming land from Belfast Lough, beginning in the early 1600s, to lay down a manmade land surface with a current area of over 21,000 acres. Contextualised by the recent discourse of the Anthropocene (and Capitalocene), under which the human is designated with a geological agency, the project of land reclamation gains a particular significance.

On the surface, the proto-geology that actualised the development of Belfast is entangled with the global complex of capitalism and colonisation. Equally, the stratified entirety of the land reclamation can be posited a 'hyperobject' (Morton 2015), a vast object distributed across and by time and space. But under the enterprise of decolonisation, how might this monumental landscape be (re)considered and what might such an impetus of decolonisation 'reclaim'?

This paper will introduce an artistic research project that has been initiated to explore these questions and more. This project will investigate the conditions of materialism occupied by Belfast Harbour's land reclamation from the position of decoloniality, proposing to dis-entangle the complex temporalities of this proto-geology. The anticipation of this practice-based research is the instrumentalisation of alternative temporalities, reconfiguring the material conditions of the manmade geology through artworks and strategies of intervention, and contextualised under the category of the monument. Such practices of the decolonisation of time gain particular significance with the upcoming centenary of Northern Ireland in 2021.


DNA polymerases were purified from chloroplasts and mitochondria of cultured Glycine max cells. The chloroplast enzyme exists in two forms which are indistinguishable from each other biochemically. All three organellar enzymes have an estimated molecular weight of 85,000 to 90,000 and prefer poly(rA)dT12-18 over activated DNA as a template in vitro. Maximum activity of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA polymerases requires KCI and a reducing agent, and the enzymes are completely resistant to inhibitors of DNA polymerase a. Taken together, these properties classify the soybean organellar enzymes as DNA polymerases y. A unique feature that distinguishes the plant enzymes from their animal counterparts is their resistance to dideoxyribonucleotides. Our current knowledge about the structure and function of eukaryotic DNA polymerases is largely restricted to enzymes from animal sources. Animal cells contain at least three distinct DNA-dependent DNA polymerases (31). DNA polymerase a is found exclusively in the nucleus and is generally accepted to be the key nuclear replicative enzyme (8). DNA polymerase ,B, which is also located in the nucleus, is believed to be involved in DNA repair processes, but its exact function is unknown. The third DNA polymerase, -y, is the least abundant of the three and has been found in both nucleus and mitochondria. Its function in the nucleus is unknown, but it has been shown to be the enzyme that replicates mitochondrial DNA (13, 34). Recently, a fourth DNA polymerase, 6, has been described that has many common properties with the a enzyme but can be distinguished from the latter by its 3' to 5' exonuclease activity (5). Although no definite replication function has been assigned to DNA polymerase 6, it has been suggested to be involved in the initiation process. Higher plants, like animals, contain multiple DNA polymerases (4, 10). DNA polymerases a from rice (23) and spinach (21) share many properties, such as template preferences and assay requirements, with their animal counterparts. Unlike the enzymes from animal sources, they lack a close association with primase activity. A plant enzyme corresponding to DNA polymerase has not been isolated yet, although there is evidence for the presence of a low mol wt enzyme that is chromatin bound (4). Since the first reports of a chloroplast DNA polymerase (27, 29), a partially purified enzyme from spinach has been 939 characterized (22), and the pea chloroplast DNA polymerase has been purified to apparent homogeneity (20). Although both enzymes have some assay requirements in common, they differ sharply in their ability to use synthetic primed homopolymers in vitro. The enzyme from pea chloroplasts consists of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent mol wt of 90,000 and, as a partially purified fraction, shows template preference for a particular cloned fragment of the maize chloroplast genome (9). This specificity of the in vitro assay led the authors to believe that their enzyme preparation contains the replicative chloroplast DNA polymerase as opposed to a repair-type enzyme that would not discriminate between different DNA fragments. Although the above mentioned reports indicate the presence of one chloroplast DNA polymerase, earlier results suggest the possibility of multiple forms of the enzyme in pea chloroplasts. Tewari et al. (28) found three peaks of activity with different preferences for single and double stranded templates eluting from an anion exchange column. A plant mitochondrial DNA polymerase has been partially purified from wheat germ. The enzyme differs from DNA polymerases -y in most biochemical parameters tested (6, 7). Organellar DNA polymerases from higher plants display considerable dissimilarity in their biochemical properties. Factors that may have contributed to the observed disparities are nonidentical assay conditions, as well as different biological material (e.g. different tissues and developmental stages). We set out to directly compare the mitochondrial and chloroplast enzymes from a homogeneous cell suspension under optimal assay conditions. Both organelles were isolated from a green cell line of Glycine max ( 11) and the respective DNA polymerases from chloroplasts and mitochondria were partially purified. We have characterized these enzymes with respect to assay parameters, template preferences, and behavior toward inhibitors of the a and y class of eukaryotic DNA polymerases in an attempt to categorize the plant organellar enzymes into one of the three classes (31). MATERIALS AND METHODS Soybean Cell Culture Maintenance The green SB cell line of Glycine max var Corsoy ( 11) was maintained as a suspension culture in KT medium ( 11) under illumination from four fluorescent light banks and at ambient temperature. The cells were diluted three-fold into fresh medium every 5 to 6 d. Two d old cells were routinely used for the experiments described in this manuscript. www.plantphysiol.org on April 8, 2020 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1990 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. Plant Physiol. Vol. 92, 1990 Isolation of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Approximately 100 g of cells (from 2.4 L of culture) were collected on a coarse fritted glass filter and washed with 200 mL of 50 mm Mes (pH 5.8), 300 mm sorbitol. The cell paste was resuspended in the same buffer containing 1% (w/v) cellulose ("Onozuka RS," Yakult-Honsha, Tokyo, Japan), 0.1% (w/v) pectinase (Pectolyase Y23, Seishin Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) and incubated at 370 C for 50 min. The cells were recovered on a 53 pm pore size nylon net and rinsed gently with ice-cold, 50 mM Hepes (pH 8), 300 mM sorbitol, 1 mm DTT to remove residual cell wall digesting enzymes. All further steps of the protocol were performed at 0 to 40 C. Enough Hepes/sorbitol buffer was added to obtain a slightly viscous cell slurry. This suspension was forced through a 60 mL plastic syringe fitted with an 18 gauge needle. The broken cells were diluted with Hepes/sorbitol buffer and poured onto a 53 pm pore size nylon net. While intact cells and large debris remained on the net, subcellular organelles and small debris were collected in the filtrate. In order to increase the yield ofchloroplasts and mitochondria, the breakage and subsequent filtering steps were repeated once after collecting the initial filtrate. The pooled filtrates (approximately 400 mL) were centrifuged for 1 min at 200g to pellet cell debris and nuclei. Chloroplasts were recovered as a pellet by a 10 min centrifugation of the supernatant at 2500g. The chloroplasts were subjected to the same sequence of differential centrifugations and frozen as a pellet at -70° C, if not used immediately. Mitochondria were pelleted from the 2500g supernatant by a 15 min centrifugation at 8000g and further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation ( 19). Isolation of DNA Polymerase Preparation of Crude Extract Purified chloroplasts or mitochondria were resuspended in a minimal amount of buffer A (30 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8], 20 mM NaCl, 10% [v/v] glycerol, 1 mM DTT, 0.3 mM PMSF, 0.3 mM PTSF'). One volume of buffer A containing 300 mM NaCl and 0.1% Triton X100 was added, and the sample was kept on ice for 15 min. After a clearing centrifugation at 1 5,000g for 20 min, the supernatant was recovered and dialyzed against three 1 L changes of buffer A for a total of 3 to 4 h. DEAE Cellulose Chromatography The dialyzed crude extract was loaded onto a DE 52 (Whatman) column (4 mg protein per mL of packed column material) equilibrated with buffer A. The column was washed with two to three column volumes of buffer A and developed with a linear gradient of 20 to 500 mM NaCl in buffer A. Active fractions were pooled and stored at -70°C. 'Abbreviations: PTSF, p-toluene sulfonylfluoride; NEM, N-ethyl maleimide; BuPdGTP, butyl-phenyl-dGTP; araCTP, arabinosylCTP; ddTTP, dideoxy TTP. Phosphocellulose Chromatography The pooled DEAE fractions (peak I from chloroplasts and the mitochondrial enzyme) were dialyzed against three 1 L changes of buffer B (20 mm potassium phosphate [pH 8], 0.5 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF, 0.1 mm PTSF, 10% [v/v] glycerol) for a total of 3 to 4 h and loaded onto a P-11 (Whatman) column (4 mg of protein per mL of packed column material) equilibrated with buffer B. After washing the column with three column volumes of buffer B, a linear gradient of 20 to 400 mm potassium phosphate in buffer B was applied. Active fractions were pooled and stored at -70°C. Heparin Agrose Chromatography Active peak II fractions from DEAE chromatography were pooled and dialyzed against three 1 L changes of buffer C (50 AIM Tris-HCl [pH 8], 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 M (NH4)2S04, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mm PMSF, 0.1 mm PTSF, 10% [v/v] glycerol) and loaded onto a heparin agarose column equilibrated in buffer C at 3 mg of protein per mL of packed column material. The column was washed with three column volumes of buffer C and the DNA polymerase eluted with buffer C containing 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4. DNA Cellulose Chromatography The active phosphocellulose fractions ofpeak I were pooled and dialyzed against buffer D (buffer B containing 20 mM KCl) and loaded onto a single stranded DNA cellulose column (Pharmacia-LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, NJ, or Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO) equilibrated with buffer D, at 0.5 to 1 mg of protein per mL of packed column material. The column was washed with three column volumes of buffer D containing 100 mm KCl, and eluted with buffer D containing 0.5 M KCl. Active DNA polymerase fractions were pooled and stored at -70° C. Hydroxyapatite Chromatography Mitochondrial DNA polymerase fractions eluting from phosphocellulose were pooled and dialyzed against three changes of buffer E (buffer B at pH 7.5) and loaded onto a hydroxyapatite column equilibrated with buffer E. The column was developed with a linear gradient of 20 to 400 mM KPO4 in buffer E. DNA Polymerase Assays The standard DNA polym


Generality and individuality are two fundamental attributes owned by all things.It is the individuality that distinguishes a thing or individual from each other and it is the generality that falls things or individuals into various classifications.Human beings are an aggregation of different races,nations or individuals.As one part of human beings,race,nation and individual can be told their differences among others out of their uniqueness.Meanwhile,because they all belong to one element of human beings and have generality,they share the same value orientation or expectation,and even share the same game rules,they negate universal values,which equals to negating human beings' generality or essence and negating the premise of human beings' communication and cooperation.


In this day of so-called new education when the aim is, or should be, to enrich the mind through the motor channels rather than by precept alone-through the hand rather than through the ear-and where the pupil is surrounded with that healthy atmosphere from which he is ever ready and eager to construct his own problems, there is no greater field and certainly none more interesting to both teacher and pupil than that of manual training. Much has been done in the last few years in the way of providing the public schools with the necessary equipment for athletics and industrial training, and now in the various departments of wood, metal, clay, textiles, domestic science, painting, and drawing, the pupil finds something to do, something to his taste, and toward which he has a natural bent. To quote from Professor James: The most colossal improvement which recent years have seen in secondary education lies in the introduction of the manual-training schools; not that they will give us a people more handy and practical for domestic life and better skilled in trades, but because they will give us citizens with an entirely different intellectual fibre.


In DBMSs, a null value(also known as missing value) may appear as the value of any attribute that is not a part of the primary key. Rough set data analysis in the knowledge discovery in database(KDD) is different to other KDD methods, especially with respect to model assumption. In this paper, we outline imputation of null values by extending the rough sets model.


Active myofibroblast (MF) contraction contributes significantly to the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance that is the primary cause of portal hypertension (PHT) in cirrhosis. We sought proof of concept for direct therapeutic targeting of the dynamic component of PHT and markers of MF activation using short‐term administration of the peptide hormone relaxin (RLN). We defined the portal hypotensive effect in rat models of sinusoidal PHT and the expression, activity, and function of the RLN‐receptor signaling axis in human liver MFs. The effects of RLN were studied after 8 and 16 weeks carbon tetrachloride intoxication, following bile duct ligation, and in tissue culture models. Hemodynamic changes were analyzed by direct cannulation, perivascular flowprobe, indocyanine green imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Serum and hepatic nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by immunoassay. Hepatic inflammation was assessed by histology and serum markers and fibrosis by collagen proportionate area. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting and hepatic stellate cell (HSC)‐MF contractility by gel contraction assay. Increased expression of RLN receptor (RXFP1) was shown in HSC‐MFs and fibrotic liver diseases in both rats and humans. RLN induced a selective and significant reduction in portal pressure in pathologically distinct PHT models, through augmentation of intrahepatic NO signaling and a dramatic reduction in contractile filament expression in HSC‐MFs. Critical for translation, RLN did not induce systemic hypotension even in advanced cirrhosis models. Portal blood flow and hepatic oxygenation were increased by RLN in early cirrhosis. Treatment of human HSC‐MFs with RLN inhibited contractility and induced an antifibrogenic phenotype in an RXFP1‐dependent manner. Conclusion: We identified RXFP1 as a potential new therapeutic target for PHT and MF activation status. (Hepatology 2014;59:1492‐1504)


The aim of this work is to analyse the concept of "network" and its genesis in fields other than law.
After having recalled the most important elements of this concept, the author tries to apply it to the legal field. He takes into account the example of transnational law in order to show the usefulness of a network-based approach.
Finally, several considerations on the new challenges for jurists in the current era are presented.


The current study explored the views of leisure effect, life stress, and Leisure Involvement, the Status and difference from attending the game. The sample was selected using convenience sampling. The researches we focus on the player of League of Legends, the total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 588 valid questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 98%. Furthermore, enhance to analysis by using descriptive statistics, Independent-Samples t Test, One way ANOVA. The result shows that the male players are the majority, almost are college student between 19 to 22 years old. They almost play one time a day and keeping 2 to 3 years. They also spent 300 dollar per month to the game. Different from the variable of the population, the effect of leisure, life stress, and leisure involvement have the significant difference.


The sound quality of a Chinese classical music CD is investigated by the rating scale method. The ten pieces of music are arranged in a certain order on psychological scale. It has been found that the balance and reverberation might be the two most important attributes that affect the sound quality of the music through the principal component analysis.


The crash behavior of Cold Rolled Mild Steel (CRMS) closed form thin section was studied by conducting compressive tests at loading velocities of 5 mm/min and 1000 mm/min. The numerical simulations were conducted for the same experimental conditions to understand the deformation shape, peak forces and energy absorption capacity of sections at different impact velocities. The simulation results correlated well with the experimental results.


Previous work showed that plaque fluoride increased with increasing NaF content of mouthwashes following daily use. The main aim of this study was to test whether a similar relationship was detectable after regular use of dentifrices containing amounts of sodium monofluorophosphate equivalent to 1000, 1500, and 2500 μg F/g. Plaque was collected from three groups, each consisting of approximately 80 children, who had each used one of the dentifrices for one year. Plaque fluoride increased significantly with increasing Na2FPO3 content of the dentifrices. For the 1000-μg-F/g group, plaque fluoride also increased significantly with increasing frequency of dentifrice use, but did not correlate with amount of dentifrice applied per brushing. The inverse correlation observed between mean plaque fluoride concentrations and mean three-year caries increments suggests that oral fluoride measurements may prove valuable in estimating the likely anti-caries efficacy of fluoride-containing dental products.


The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and identify the recommended doses of enzastaurin and bortezomib in combination for future Phase II studies in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Three dose levels (DLs) of oral enzastaurin and intravenous bortezomib were used according to a conventional "3 + 3" design. A loading dose of enzastaurin (250 mg twice/day [BID]) on Day 1 was followed by enzastaurin 125 mg BID for 1 week, after which bortezomib was added (Cycle 1, 28 days, 1.0 mg/m2: Days 8, 11, 15, and 18; seven subsequent 21‐day cycles, 1.3 mg/m2: Days 1, 4, 8, and 11). Twenty‐three patients received treatment; all patients received prior systemic therapy. Most patients received ≥3 regimens; 17 patients were bortezomib‐refractory. A median of four treatment cycles (range 1–24) was completed. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed; thus, DL 3 was the recommended Phase II dose. The most common drug‐related Grade 3/4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia (n = 6) and anemia (n = 2). No patients died on therapy. One patient (DL 1) achieved a very good partial response; three patients (DLs 2 and 3), a partial response; nine patients, stable disease; and four patients, progressive disease. The recommended Phase II doses in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma are as follows: enzastaurin loading dose of 375 mg three times/day on Day 1 followed by 250 mg BID, with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21‐day cycle. The combination was well‐tolerated and demonstrated some antimyeloma activity. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The specific nature of the work of journalists demands basic honesty in the implementation of journalistic mission. The best way to fulfill this mission is fidelity to the codes of ethics of journalism. The tasks facing journalists are a big challenge, but they are doable if the journalist remains faithful to professional ethics, which indicates the need to fully engage on the side of truth and goodness, the fundamental values of each media coverage. The author justifies the thesis, referring to the thought of John Paul II, about the need for professional ethics in the media, through which journalists, by their vocation and their professional commitments, will serve the basic human values: truth, justice, freedom and love, and will contribute to building a social order based on these values.


The effects of food concentration and stocking density on fecal pellet (FP) generation,egg production (EP) and 48h egg hatching success (HS) of Acartia tonsa were examined in laboratory.Algal densities tested were equivalent in carbon concentrations and corresponded to 250,500,1000,1500,2000,and 3000μgC/L of Rhinomonas reticulate.Three stocking densities in 40,80 and 160 adults/L were setup for all experiments in 4 replicates per treatment.The results show that at stocking density of 40 and 80 adults/L,mean FP production was dependent on the density of food supply.At the stocking density of 160 adults/L,the mean FP production was significantly lower than 40 and 80 adults/L when food concentration above 500μgC/L (P0.05).The food concentration and stocking density significantly affected the EP of A.tonsa.Mean EP increased with the increase of food concentrations at the same stocking density.At the stocking density of 160 adults/L,the mean EP production was significantly lower than 40 and 80 adults/L when the food concentration above 500μgC/L (P0.05).In this species,HS was not strongly affected by differences in food concentration and stocking density.


Since its coinage by Hiltz and Turoff (1978) the term computer-mediated communication (CMC) has been adapted and broadly conceptualised as interactive communication by and among human beings via networked computers and mobile devices. Several definitions of CMC have been offered in the literature but Herring's (2007) definition of CMC as 'predominantly text-based human–human interaction mediated by networked computers or mobile telephony' is adopted in this article because it stresses the textual aspect of the communicative interaction and accommodates all forms of textual language use mediated by the Internet, the World Wide Web and mobile technologies. This approach to CMC focuses on the production, transmission and exchange of naturally-occurring text-based human language and highlights the fact that human beings (as opposed to automated or artificial systems) are both the agents or initiators and recipients of the communication under investigation. Although communication is not unique to humans, the ability to use human language for meaningful social interactions is the exclusive preserve of the human species. Thus the perspective human beings bring to virtual interactions is accounted for in CMC. Internet interlocutors (also known as online interactants, netizens or textizens in the case of regular SMS texts composers/senders) employ textual data to convey and exchange their thoughts, opinions, observations, feelings as well as messages from other people or sources (Ifukor, 2011). These interactive possibilities make CMC a technology, medium, and engine of social relations (Jones, 1995:11) and language use is at the core.


Modernization theorists believe that education empowers citizens to take collective action to challenge authoritarian rule. However, education in most authoritarian countries is government run, and authoritarian governments have enormous incentives to shape the form and content of education in their favor. Educated people in authoritarian regimes are therefore more likely to perceive the strength of the repressive regime and not likely to become "agents of change" to challenge the status quo. I test this argument by examining the effect of higher education on political participation in China. Exploiting a massive college expansion reform that created exogenous variation in access to college education, I show that higher education only has a positive effect on people's individualistic, expressive behavior, but has no effect on collective action. I also find that China's college graduates do not differ from the less educated in a range of political attitudes, such as demand for political rights. These findings call into question previous theoretical and practical emphasis on education's empowering effect in non-democracies.


Introduction – Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for Canadian men with more than 23,000 diagnoses in 2013 [1]. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is now widely used as a means of determining the need for prostate biopsy and for targeting prostate biopsies, with the aim of maximizing the rate of detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, while reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies [2]. Recently, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) MRI and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI parametric maps were used to build a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for the detection of PCa with reported area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95 [3]. One problem with the mpMRI approach is that all MRI modalities might not be available for each patient. For example, the use of Gadolinium-based contrast agents in DCE-MRI results in allergic reactions in some patients with reported reaction rates as high as 19.8% and acute reactions in a small group [4,5]. Therefore, the objective of the work presented here is to design classifiers to detect cancer from MRI parametric maps with the capability of handling missing DCE parameters. We propose two different methods and show their effectiveness in maintaining high AUC while handling missing parameters. Materials and Methods – Data: DTI and DCE MRI data, at 3T, of patients (n = 29) with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) and/or palpable prostatic nodule (PSA range from 0.94 to 15 ng/mL) were used in this study. The imaging protocol is described in [3]. Two DTI parameter maps (the Fractional anisotropy (FA), and average diffusivity (D)), and three DCE parameter maps (the volume transfer constant k, fractional volume of extra-vascular extra-cellular space ve, and fractional plasma volume vp) were calculated per pixel. Each ROI, constructed based on a biopsy core, was represented by the five-dimensional feature vector . These were the mean values of the corresponding parameters in all pixels within the ROI. The dataset included 240 normal, and 29 cancerous ROIs. KNN imputation for handling missing data: First, we used one SVM classifier for mpMRI classification, and estimated the values of the missing data using k-nearestneighborhood (KNN) approach. The KNN method finds the k nearest training samples, based on Euclidean distance, to the test data and estimates it`s missing DCE features with a weighted mean. This approach practically "fills in" the missing values to enable using the same classifier on cases with missing DCE features. Likelihood ratio for handling missing data: The second method fused two different SVM classifiers, the first classifier (DTI-SVM) built using DTI MRI features (FA, D) and the second classifier (DCE-SVM) using DCE MRI features (k, ve, vp). Leave-one-patient-out cross-validation was performed for setting the parameters of each classifier. Those two classifiers were fused using the likelihood ratiobased fusion technique [6]. This technique is based on estimating each SVM's posterior probability density for cancer and normal tissue using Gaussian mixture models. Then Bayesian decision rule and the product of the two-likelihood ratios were used to detect PCa. This method can handle missing data by assigning a value of one to the likelihood ratio related to the missing SVM classifier, which is DCE-SVM in this work, with no required changes to the decision rule. Removing DCE features: In our data, all five parameters were available from all cases. We studied the effect of missing DCE components of the feature vector by removing them from an increasing number (m) of cases (m = 1,..., 29). In each step, m patient cases were randomly chosen and their corresponding DCE features were removed from the validation set of the leave-one-patient-out cross validation scheme. The cross validation was repeated 50 times for each value m, with missing DCE features to get a robust estimate of the effect of missing DCE features on the classification outcome. Results – The cross-validation yielded a mean AUC of 0.95 using KNN imputation with SVM when DCE features of one patient were removed, showing almost no decline compared to the situation without missing data. It was noted that using k = 8 neighbors provided the best results based on the AUC. In a similar cross-validation, the likelihood ratio fusion method resulted in a mean AUC of 0.93 when DCE features of one patient were removed. As shown in Fig.1, as the number (m) of cases with missing DCE features was increased, the fused classifiers performed consistently better than the DTI-SVM (AUC=0.91), for up to m=22 in case of KNN imputation and m=13 for the likelihood ratio method. For all value of m, the standard deviation of AUC for the KNN method was smaller than the likelihood ratio technique, showing the robustness of the KNN method. Conclusions – In this work, we reported two methods that successfully handle missing DCE features in computer-aided diagnosis using mpMRI. We showed that as an increasing number of cases with missing DCE features are presented to the classifiers, KNN imputation of missing features outperforms the fusion of two classifiers using Bayesian likelihood ratio in terms of AUC. Acknowledgments: CIHR Operating grant, NSERC Discovery. References: [1] Canadian Cancer Statistics 2013. [2] J. O. Barentsz, et al., Eur Radiol. 2012, 22(4): 746-757. [3] Moradi, M., et al., JMRI 2012; 35(6): 1403-1413. [4] Abujudeh, H.H., et al., American Journal of Roentgenology 2010; 194(2): 430-434. [5] Kirchin, M.A., et al., Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2001; 14(3): 281-294. [6] Nandakumar, K., et al., Advances in Biometrics 2009: 743-752. Fig. 1. AUC reduction as the number (m) of missing DCE cases increases for the two proposed methods: KNN (Blue) and Likelihood Ratio fusion (Red). The black line marks the AUC of the DTI-SVM without missing data. * and + mark ± std for the two methods.


occupation. The sole of foot could not be put to the ground, and the tendo Achillis was very much contracted. The tibialis anticus and posticus tendons, the plantar fascia and the tendon of the adductor pollicis were first divided, and splints were put on to bring the foot into the same straight line with the leg, but no attempt was made to bend it at the ankle. A fortnight later the cuboid and external cuneiform bones were removed, along with the thickened bursa lying over the cuboid, and the tendo Achillis was divided. This allowed the foot to be brought into very fair position. The subsequent treatment, consisting in the application of the weight and pulley, effected a complete cure. The pressure made in this way was lighter than it would have been by splints and bandage, and the traction more efficient. This was a mode of treatment which had not received the attention it deserved. It could not be applied so easily in the cases of young children as in the adult, but it might be more often tried than it was. The patient could wear an ordinary boot and walk any moderate distance without trouble.


leads to death heart It is strongly associated with elevated red cell distribution width (RDW), a correlate of several iron status biomarkers. High RDW values can signal early stage iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia. This study investigated if elevated RDW is causally associated with PAH. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was applied to investigate whether genetic predisposition to higher levels of RDW increases the odds of developing PAH. Primary and secondary MR analyses were performed using all available genome-wide significant RDW variants (n = 179) and five genome-wide significant RDW variants that act via systemic iron status, respectively. We confirmed the observed association between RDW and PAH (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.80 - 2.01) in a multi-centre case-control study ( N cases = 642, N disease controls = 15,889). The primary MR analysis was adequately powered to detect a causal effect (OR) from between 1.25-1.52 or greater based on estimates reported in the RDW GWAS or from our own data. There was no evidence for a causal association between RDW and PAH in either the primary (OR causal = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.92 – 1.24) or the secondary (OR causal = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.77 – 1.54) MR analysis. The results suggest that at least some of the observed association of RDW with PAH is secondary to disease progression. Results of iron therapeutic trials in PAH should be interpreted with caution as any improvements observed may not be mechanistically linked to the development of PAH. Take home message – Mendelian randomization using genetic data from the largest-to-date pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cohort do not support RDW or iron deficiency as a cause of PAH, which is important when interpreting iron replacement trials in this condition.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the report by Ibrisim et al. describing the successful treatment of hepatic hydrothorax (HH) with terlipressin [1]. We wish to draw their attention to the...


When the palate is repaired at the age of about tuo years, treatment has really just begun. A public health nurse points out care problems likely to arise at different ages of the child, from infancy through adolescence.


In this paper, we investigate the impact of avatar personalization on perceived emotions. Avatar embodiment is a crucial aspect of collaborative and social virtual reality (VR) systems. Previous research found that avatar appearance impacts the acceptability of the virtual body and changes users' behavior. While virtual embodiment has been extensively investigated, we know very little about how embodiment affects users' experienced emotions. In a user study (N = 40), we applied an autobiographical recall method to evoke happiness and investigated the influence of different types of avatar embodiment (personalized same-gender, personalized opposite-gender, non-personalized same-gender, and non-personalized opposite-gender) on participants' perceived emotion. We recorded both self-reported assessments and physiological data to observe participants' emotional responses resulting from the emotions elicited by the use of different avatars. We found significant differences in happiness with the personalized same-gender avatar and the personalized opposite-gender avatar. We provide empirical evidence, demonstrating the influence of avatar personalization on emotions in VR. We conclude with recommendations for users and designers of virtual reality experiences.


Traditional accounting is based on financial indicators, balanced scorecard divides management into different perspectives, suggesting some authors no more than four or five for each company. To measure each perspective some indicators should be defined. The aim of this work is to propose some indicators that fit each perspective for some textile companies that work in weaving fabrics. These indicators are specific for them, and very useful, when applied it will help on companies' management nowadays that globalization happened. Businesses must strive to increase their competitive advantage, which will increasingly depend on the parameters of innovation, development of new products, versatility, quality, costs, etc, and indicators will measure it.


In the lecture we mainly focus on questions about binary classification or regression. However in many cases we may want the results to show preference in terms of several discrete, but ordered, values, like ratings of a restaurant, disease condition and students' letter grades. Such problems are usually known as ordinal regression or ordinal classification. Standard approaches to ordinal regression in statistics require a assumption on the distribution of a latent variable while many other learning methods treat this as a multiclass problem, which may lose the order information in the data. In this paper I first present the probability model of ordinal regression in traditional statistics, then briefly go through different types of loss function defined from two perspectives in order to reduce the problem to simple binary case. From the loss function we can also get performance bounds similar to those we learnt in binary classification.


Biologic substrates behind the close association between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and psychiatric comorbidities are largely unknown. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that play important roles in functions from cellular stress response to receptor trafficking control. There are controversial findings regarding HSP expression in epilepsy. Our goal was to examine HSP70 and HSP90 expression within the human hippocampal formation of MTLE patients with and without comorbid major depression and psychosis. In addition, we investigated the possible correlation between HSP expression and seizure outcome.


THE aim of Vocational Guidance is to secure the fitting of each into that employment most appropriate to and commensurate with the individual talents. This represents a modem aspect of Mill's individualism and follows his consideration of a social problem io terms of happiness and unhappiness. It is taken as axiomatic that foi the individual to be happy he must do something he wants to do and that, other things being equal, his total happiness will be proportionate* to the satisfaction resulting from the pursuit of a suitably chosen employment. The fitting of eadi according to capacity would produce, it is argued, a more contented snd stable industrial system.


Evidence from the Chinese press and radio broadcasts and speeches by Chinese officials to international meetings and foreign delegations shows that the Chinese government attempted a national population count in 1972. All local units were asked to report their total population size and number of births and deaths registered during 1972; it appears that the results were compiled by province and then nationally. A 1973 broadcast reported a crude death rate of 7.6/1000 population and other sources reported a nationwide natural increase rate of about 19/1000. There was undoubtedly some underregistration of deaths and births so the actual 1972 birthrate may have been close to 30/1000. As of 1975 the age structure is unfavorable to further significant crude birthrate declines in the near future. Computer projections show that the crude birthrate will not drop much below 20/1000 for the next 15 years. With the continuing extension of medical services Chinas crude death rate may decline to around 6/1000. It is very likely that the rate of natural increase will stay above 1% per year for the near future.


ecent events—from eruptions of a volcano in Iceland to environmental disasters in the Gulf of Mexico—have reaffirmed our inability to manage the impact of unexpected short-term events. Perhaps the randomness in short-term events is one of the reasons academics as well practitioners often attempt to focus on decision making over longer-term horizons for which short-term events are just that, short term. In the first section of this issue, George A.Martin, in his article "The Long-Horizon Benefits of Traditional and New Real Assets in the Institutional Portfolio," analyzes the potential role of an expansive set of real asset classes in reducing inflation risk in the portfolios of long-horizon institutional investors. Martin proposes a model that emphasizes the sensitivity of asset returns to expected and unexpected changes in inflation, and to the degree of persistence in inflation.The results provide insight into the viability of various real asset classes as potential hedges for inflation. Unexpected events,of course, come in many forms.The collapse of the securitized mortgage market may have been forecast by a few, but for most it came as a surprise. Perhaps a closer analysis of the underlying assumptions about the production process would have led more investors to the conclusion that there was a large amount of potential model error and investment risk inherent in the process. In "The Role of the Constant Recovery Assumption in the Subprime Bubble," Donald R. Chambers, Michael A. Kelly, and Qin Lu analyze the complex models and the parameters used to estimate the risks of the securities.They find that the models themselves,not the inputted parameters, such as expected default rates and correlations, were responsible for inappropriate ratings. In particular, they find that the assumption of a constant recovery rate generated generous ratings for large tranches of securities even with reasonable parameter estimates. In fact, an understanding the fundamental return process of any alternative investment forms the basis for long-term risk management. The two articles in our section on asset pricing focus on the cash flows to private equity funds and the returns to hedge funds. In "Modeling the Cash Flow Dynamics of Private Equity Funds: Theory and Empirical Evidence," Axel Buchner, Christoph Kaserer, and Niklas Wagner present a novel continuous-time approach to modeling the typical cash flow dynamics of private equity funds. The model consists of two independent components. First is a mean-reverting square-root process applied to model the rate at which capital is drawn over time. Second is the stream of capital distributions, which is assumed to follow an arithmetic Brownian motion with a time-dependent drift component that incorporates the typical time-pattern of the repayments of private equity funds. The empirical analysis shows that the model can easily be VOLUME 13 NUMBER 1 SUMMER 2010


The article focuses on the economic situation of households in the Czech Republic. It discusses the factors the material deprivation rate and related indicators. These factors include household equipment, other indicators of financial possibilities and inability to pay regular payments on time. The article is based on the Living Conditions Survey in 2011, data are compared with 2008 - 2010 data. Furthermore, the data are compared in the different groups of households. Model of logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship among material deprivation and selected categorical indicators. The best situation in the Czech Republic is in households with the high levels of education. Households with unemployed members suffer most from material deprivation. In comparison to the previous years the proportion of households that could not afford an annual one-week holiday away from home or unexpected expenses slightly increased.


People conceptualize objects in an information space over different levels of details or grantrkarities and shift among these granularities as necessary for the task at hand. Shifting among granularities is f~~ndamental for understanding and reasoning about an information space. In general, shifting to a coarser granularity can improve one's understanding of a complex information space, whereas shifting to a more detailed granularity reveals information that is otherwise unknown. To arrive at a coarser granularity. objects must be generalized. There are multiple ways to perform generalization. Several generalization methods have been adopted from the abstraction processes that are intuitively carried out by people. Although, people seem to be able to carry out abstractions and generalize objects with ease. formalizing these generalization and shifts between them in an information system, such as geographic inforniation system, still offers many challenges. A set of rules capturing multiple granularities of objects and the use of these granularities for enhanced reasoning and browsing is yet to be well researched. This thesis pursues an approach for arriving at multiple granularities of spatial objects based on the concept of coarsening. Coarsening refers to the process of transforming a representation of objects into a less detailed representation. The focus of this thesis is to develop a set of cocrrsening opernkws that are based on the objects' attributes, attribute values and relations with other objccts, such as containment, connectivity, and nearness. for arriving at coarser or amalgamated objects. As a result. a set of four coarsening operators-group, C O I ~ ~ O S C , coexis\, and jiller are defined. A framework, called a g~~unzilcrr.i\y grcrph. is presented for modeling the application of coarsening operators iteratively to form amalgamated objects. A granularity graph can be used to browse through objects at different granularities, to retrieve objects that are at different granularities, and to examine how the granularities are related to each other. There can occur long sequenccs of operators between objects in the graph, which need to be simplified. Con~positions of coarsening operators are deril~ed to collapse or simplify the chain of operators. The semantics associated with objects amalgamations enable to determine correct results of the con~positions of coarsening operators. The composition of operators enables to determine all the possible ways for arriving at a coarser granularity of objects from a set of objects. Capturing these different ways facilitates enhanced reasoning of how objects at multiple granularities are related …


The present study examines the impact of non earning members on the monthly savings of the industrial workers, whose savings when channelized in productive investments can speed up the process of capital formation in the Indian economy. The results indicated that with the rise in number of economically inactive members, the saving income ratios of the industrial workers witnessed a downward trend. The regression results revealed that when compared with the benchmark group (less than 3 non earning members), the maximum decrease in monthly savings of Rs. 1006 was observed with respect to the workers having more than 5 dependent family members, which was followed by a reduction in savings by Rs. 661 for the workers having 3 to 5 non earning members in their family. This validates the a priori expectation that economically dependent members have a significant negative bearing on monthly savings of the industrial workers.


The invention relates to a computer, a remote control system, a computer control method and a remote control method, wherein the computer including a main body in which a system is built, a peripheral device coupled to the main body, a power supplying part to supply power to the system and/or the peripheral device, an interface part to communicate with an external device, and a controller to control the power supplying part to apply power to the system but not to the peripheral device if a power-saving power applying signal is received through the interface part.


A novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) of periodic rings etched on a YBCO microstrip line is presented and a minimized bandstop filter of high performance is obtained. In addition, this paper also develops a miniature EBG high temperature superconductors (HTS) disk filter with high power handling capability by etching five circular holes from a disc resonator.


We propose a framework for a robot to participate in and activate multiparty conversation. In multiparty conversation, the robot should select its behavior based on both linguistic information and participation structure. In this paper, we focus on multiparty conversation game "Nandoku," which is often played in elderly care facilities. The robot acts as one of the participants, and tries to promote the communication activeness. The framework handles the dialogue situation from three aspects: multiparty conversation, game progress and communication activation, and selects the most effective robot's behavior according to these three aspects.


According to the property of air handling unit the noise source,the inlet of air,outlet of air noise,the equipment acoustic noise estimate method and the test technology statement were introduction.


To reduce the development period of power electronics equipment to satisfy EMI regulations, an automatic generation method of gate driving vectors (AGGV) for the digital gate drivers is proposed. In the proposed AGGV, the frequency spectrum of the VCE waveform of IGBT is compared with the EMI limit and the gate driving vectors are automatically searched using a simulated annealing algorithm to meet the EMI limit and to minimize the switching loss. In the switching measurement of IGBT at 20 A and 300 V and a given EMI limit, compared with the conventional single step gate driving, the proposed digital gate driving reduces the switching loss by 22 %. An EMI reduction using the proposed digital gate driving, which cannot be achieved by the conventional single step gate driving, is also demonstrated.


Some authors have called for increased research on various forms of geoengineering as a means to address global climate change. This paper focuses on the question of whether a particular form of geoengineering, namely deploying sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere to counteract some of the effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, would be a just response to climate change. In particular, we examine problems sulfate aerosol geoengineering (SAG) faces in meeting the requirements of distributive, intergenerational, and procedural justice. We argue that SAG faces obstacles to meeting the requirements of all three considered kinds of justice, because its impacts can harm some persons and communities much more than others; it poses serious risks to future generations; and SAG is especially prone to unilateral implementation. While we do not claim that SAG ought not to be implemented, we argue that it is the responsibility of proponents of SAG to recognize and address these ethical obstacles before advocating its implementation.


Abstract 1. The importance of tear-resistance as a criterion of the interfacial relationship between rubber and its fillers has been emphasized. 2. Existing methods of determining resistance to tear in vulcanized rubber have been described, and subjected to a critical examination. 3. The disadvantages peculiar to each of the above methods have been discussed, and experiments whereby it was aimed to overcome these sources of errors are described. 4. A new method of determining resistance to tear has been evolved, whereby the tearability is measured in terms of the mean of the initial and final loads required to tear a 4-mm. length of a butt-ended test-piece prepared by punching with a standard dumb-bell die from the inner disc of a 6-mm. ring test-piece. Figures are given to indicate the consistency of the results.


Complex system recovery by process programming redundancy This paper presents the recovery of a control system resistant against faults. We come out from parallel computer system with distributed memory and communication based upon exchange of messages. This system consists of processor elements, communication lines and switches. At least one application process is running on each of the processor of parallel system. Processes are executed parallely and sequently, communicating with each other through the communication lines executing one task. Several tasks can be run on the parallel system. Processes are mapped to the processor elements. This applied method of system endurance against fault is ensured on the level of processor elements, communication lines, switches and processes using software and hardware redundancy. The purpose of the recovery in fault tolerant parallel system is to create and insure system supporting against fault after its appearing. Resistance against faults is ensured by the applied method of a fault tolerant system. The paper describes the function of the system after system fault. Faults in different parts of parallel system have different importance. Let's think about a fault processor, line or switch. The most important is fault on processor. In this case the processes allocated on this processor have to be moved to other processor, recovered and initialled one more time. Usually we can think about that processor memory content is lost after fault appearing, or unaccessing. It is necessary to remove and to redirect all communications lines going through this process. The process of system recovery is known. But there is a question how and who controls recovery of kernel of processor. Control can be either centralised or decentralised. There is a question how many copies of processes are enough for sufficient resistance against faults. In case of active and passive processes it depends on requested security. One passive copy of the process is sufficient if we assume, that fault doesn't appear on two processors occupied by the same process at the same time or in time of recovery of the system.


Land use has profound effects on soil, vegetation and water resources. In Australia, land use information has a critical role to play in developing effective responses to natural resource management problems such as salinity, water quality and the maintenance of biodiversity—at national, regional and local levels. This calls for strategic collation and delivery of land use mapping. This paper describes key elements of a nationally coordinated land use mapping program in Australia, including mapping scales, procedures, and technical and scientific challenges. Case study examples of the discrimination and reporting of land use change are presented. Discussion points to the need to tailor analyses of land use change to dynamics that are relevant to management issues and key biophysical and human drivers of change. Four broad approaches to measuring and reporting land use change are suggested and future developments identified. The Australian Collaborative Land Use Mapping Program is presented as a successful collaborative model for the production of nationally consistent land use information.


This paper describes the use of a black-oil, thermal simulator to compare steamflood development using five-spot and inverted nine-spot patterns. The input data selected were representative of a homogeneous heavy-oil reservoir. This study considered three different development strategies: conventional pattern steamflooding, pattern steamflooding with infill drilling, and steamflooding with infill drilling and pattern realignment. Comparison of pattern steamfloods indicates that a close well spacing (1.25 acres/well (0.5 ha/well), the inverted nine-spot recovers more oil than the five-spot. Steam breakthrough and oil production are accelerated for the nine-spot relative to the five-spot pattern. At larger well spacing, however, oil recovery from the five-spot pattern exceeds that from the nine-spot. Conversion of a five-spot pattern to an inverted nine-spot increases and accelerates oil recovery. Processing of multiple sands will improve the effectiveness of this infill drilling strategy. A development strategy using inverted nine-spot patterns on large well spacing (2.5 to 5.0 acres/well (1 to2 ha/well)) that yields improved oil recovery compared with conventional five-spot steamflood development was identified. This strategy uses infill drilling and pattern realignment to improve steamflood performance.


This study was undertaken to examine the expression and role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins calreticulin and ryanodine receptors, and mitochondria, in cultured astrocytes. Using several lines of investigation, we have identified a key role for mitochondria in astrocyte Ca2+ signalling: (1) a significant correlation was found between sites of regenerative Ca2+ wave amplification (possessing high amplitude ER Ca2+ release) and the location of mitochondria in the cell; (2) norepinephrine (2 μM) caused a rapid‐onset increase in rhod 2 fluorescence in 34% of astrocyte mitochondria, indicating that cytosolic Ca2+ responses result in mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation; and (3) pretreatment with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone to inhibit mitochondrial activity markedly reduced the amplitude of subsequent norepinephrine‐evoked cytosolic Ca2+ responses. We then investigated the roles of several ER proteins in Ca2+ signalling by immunocytochemistry. Ryanodine receptors and calreticulin were found to be expressed in heterogeneous patterns in astrocytes. The expression pattern of calreticulin corresponded closely with the distribution of mitochondria, whereas the expression of ryanodine receptors was not similar to that of either of these cellular factors. We measured Ca2+ wave kinetics in a single astrocyte, then assessed protein distribution by immunocytochemistry in the same cell. Cross‐correlation between norepinephrine‐evoked Ca2+ wave amplitude and calreticulin distribution indicated a close spatial relationship between this Ca2+‐binding protein and sites of regenerative wave amplification. These results demonstrate that amplification sites for Ca2+ waves in astrocytes are identifiable by accumulations of calreticulin (and type 2 InsP3Rs), and by the presence of mitochondria, which may regulate the ER Ca2+ release process. J. Neurosci. Res. 52:672–683, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.


The resource scheduling scheme for cloud computing environment,that provides QoS(Quality of Service)guarantees,is presented in this paper based on improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm(SFLA).Two encoding structures for SFLA are introduced in accordance with the characters of tasks and resources,the QoS of scheduling scheme is defined,and the improved SFLA based on the QoS selections is given in ditails.The experimental results in CloudSim platform show that the algorithms are efficient.


Contextual Language Learning: Real Language Learning on the Continuum from Virtuality to Reality Edited by Yu-Ju Lan and Scott Grant Singapore: Springer Nature US $129 ISBN 9789811634154 (Hardback) xii + 202 pages 2021


It is rare that two different histologic types of lymphoma develop in the same person. Composite lymphoma is defined as 2 distinctly demarcated types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or its rare association with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) within a single organ or tissue. Discordant lymphoma is defined as 2 types of NHL or the rare association of HL with NHL at different anatomic sites in the same patient. Sequential lymphoma is defined as 2 different types of lymphoma occurring in the same person sequentially. A 48 year-old woman had been diagnosed with HL at the left neck 26 months ago and she was treated with chemotherapy and local radiotherapy; she then revisited our hospital with a recurred neck mass. An excisional biopsy was performed and the pathologic diagnosis was NHL of the diffuse large B-cell type. She underwent 3 rounds of chemotherapy (Rituximab+ESHAP) and also autologous stem cell transplantation. Until now, she has not had any evidence of lymphoma recurrence. This might be the first sequential lymphoma case in Korea. However, the possibility of a secondary malignancy cannot be excluded.(Korean J Med 71:S1105-S1111, 2006)