Previous work on the mesonic Auger effect is extended to meson capture in non-circular orbits, and to Auger emission of L shell electrons. Corrections to the theoretical results are discussed and calculations made of the probable Auger emission from heavy elements for capture in photographic emulsions. The results are compared with observations and reasons suggested for a deviation.


Unstable flow phenomena in a mixing vessel with a marine propeller were investigated experimentally using flow visualization and LDV techniques. It was found that the instantaneous bulk flow profiles were usually asymmetric with respect to the impeller shaft and they fluctuated in the large time scale. The circulation flow patterns in the space between two adjacent baffles were classified into quick-return flow (QR), full-circulation flow (FC) and intermediate-circulation flow (IC), which were replaced randomly one after another with time. Their lifetimes were widely distributed from about half a second to several minutes. Connected with the circulation flow patterns, the impeller stream was directed vertically downward or obliquely outward to the vessel wall and held a high level of angular momentum when pattern FC took place, while the impeller stream was directed obliquely inward to the impeller shaft with a low level of angular momentum when pattern QR took pace.


Significance Powdery mildew fungi are widespread plant pathogens with an obligate biotrophic lifestyle causing devastating damage to many crops. Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) infects only barley and is engaged in an evolutionary arms race with the host immune system. Genome sequencing of Bgh isolates revealed an isolate-specific mosaic of monomorphic and polymorphic DNA blocks, suggesting a mechanism that provides a large standing genetic variation in virulence polymorphisms. Detailed Bgh transcriptome profiles during early pathogenesis on barley and immunocompromised Arabidopsis revealed a conserved Bgh transcriptional program despite ∼200 million years of reproductive isolation of these hosts. Barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), is an obligate biotrophic ascomycete fungal pathogen that can grow and reproduce only on living cells of wild or domesticated barley (Hordeum sp.). Domestication and deployment of resistant barley cultivars by humans selected for amplification of Bgh isolates with different virulence combinations. We sequenced the genomes of two European Bgh isolates, A6 and K1, for comparative analysis with the reference genome of isolate DH14. This revealed a mosaic genome structure consisting of large isolate-specific DNA blocks with either high or low SNP densities. Some of the highly polymorphic blocks likely accumulated SNPs for over 10,000 years, well before the domestication of barley. These isolate-specific blocks of alternating monomorphic and polymorphic regions imply an exceptionally large standing genetic variation in the Bgh population and might be generated and maintained by rare outbreeding and frequent clonal reproduction. RNA-sequencing experiments with isolates A6 and K1 during four early stages of compatible and incompatible interactions on leaves of partially immunocompromised Arabidopsis mutants revealed a conserved Bgh transcriptional program during pathogenesis compared with the natural host barley despite ∼200 million years of reproductive isolation of these hosts. Transcripts encoding candidate-secreted effector proteins are massively induced in successive waves. A specific decrease in candidate-secreted effector protein transcript abundance in the incompatible interaction follows extensive transcriptional reprogramming of the host transcriptome and coincides with the onset of localized host cell death, suggesting a host-inducible defense mechanism that targets fungal effector secretion or production.


Parametric magnetic Δm = ±2 nuclear spin transitions are observed when an rf magnetic field at the frequency (Em−2 − Em)/h is applied parallel to a large, externally applied, magnetic field in a ruby crystal where the symmetry axis of the cylindrically symmetric electric field gradient tensor (the c axis in ruby) is perpendicular to the external magnetic field.


Band q22 of chromosome 21 contains the RUNX1 gene (alias AML1 or CBF-alpha; CBFa), which is critical for hematopoiesis and undergoes fusion with a variety of genes in de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Amongst them, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) involves the RUNX1 and MTG8 (Myeloid Translocation Gene on chromosome 8; also known as RUNX1T1) genes [1]. The RUNX1 gene encodes CBFa and forms a heterodimeric complex with CBFb. Little is known about the functional activity of MTG8, which is usually not expressed in hematopoietic cells. The t(16;21)(q24;q22) is a rare chromosomal abnormality in AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in which the fusion partner of RUNX1 is the MTG16 gene at chromosome 16q24. MTG16 belongs to the same gene family as MTG8 and may be implicated in hematopoietic differentiation [2]. The RUNX1–MTG16 protein is an altered transcriptional co-repressor capable of recruiting histone deacetylases, thus repressing the expression of RUNX1 target genes. The t(16;21)(q24;q22) has been described mainly in cases with therapy-related AML. This fact, along with its low frequency, hinders definitive conclusions regarding potential prognostic implications. We present here two new cases of de novo AML with t(16;21)(q24;q22) and discuss their clinical presentation and outcome. Case 1 A 19-year-old female was admitted in October 2008 because of fever and enlarged tonsils. Hematological data were as follows: hemoglobin 8.2 g/dL; white blood cells 1.7610/L with 48% blast cells; and platelets 45610/L. Examination of the bone marrow (BM) aspirate was compatible with a diagnosis of AML-M2, according to the French– American–British (FAB) classification. BM immunophenotyping showed the blast cells to be positive for CD13, cCD13, CD33, CD15, CD117, and myeloperoxidase. The patient attained complete remission (CR) with induction chemotherapy consisting of 3 days of i.v. idarubicin (12 mg/m) and 7 days of continuous i.v. infusion of cytarabine (200 mg/m). During aplasia she developed severe hepatosplenic aspergillosis that required prolonged antifungal treatment and also necessitated deferment of post-induction chemotherapy. However, at 17 months from diagnosis, she remains in CR. Case 2 A 6.5-year-old child was admitted in April 2009 because of fatigue, pallor, and bruises. Hematological data were as follows: hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL; white blood cells 12.6610/L; and platelets 28610/L. Examination of the BM aspirate was compatible with a diagnosis of FAB AML-M2. BM immunophenotyping showed the blast cells to exhibit an identical profile to that of Case 1 (see above). The patient was treated according to the AML XII chemotherapy protocol (Medical Research Council; MRC) and attained CR after induction. At 13 months from diagnosis, he remains in CR. Cytogenetic studies of unstimulated bone marrow cultures with G-banding revealed the following


the information management software is converting from MIS to ERP in Chinese electric power enterprise at present. MIS has played a great role in promoting the development of the electric power enterprise in China. But while many problems still exist, which block the development of MIS, and these problems will be reflected in the implementation of ERP. The problems are analyzed in this paper, and methods and countermeasures are proposed to solve these problems. Hoping that this will have good affects on electric power enterprise's MIS and the future construction of the ERP.


What is it going to take for Congress to stop playing games with physicians who treat Medicare patients and develop an effective solution to the fee cuts that are scheduled every year and require last-minute, short-term emergency solutions? Will the likelihood of physicians stopping their care of Medicare beneficiaries be enough to jolt Congress into action?


Abstract Bovine chromosome 20 (BTA20) was studied to identify QTL for milk yield and protein percentage in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed using a selective milk DNA pooling strategy in a daughter design with sire haplotype analysis. Several QTL were identified. The effect of the known GHR F279Y and PRLR S18N mutations were in for the most part confirmed. However, it was also shown that these markers cannot explain all significant effects observed on BTA20 for the investigated traits.


Visualisations of dynamic data change in appearance over time, reflecting changes in the underlying data, be that the development of a social network, or the addition or removal of a device node in an ad-hoc communications network. As viewers of these visualisation tools, it is up to us to accurately perceive and keep up with the constantly shifting view, mentally noting as visual elements are added, removed, changed and rearranged, sometimes at great pace. In a complex data set with a lot happening, this can be a strain on the observer's comprehension, with changes in layout and visual population disrupting their internalised "mental model" of the data, leading to errors in perception. We present Time Sequences, a novel dual visualisation technique which dilates the flow of time in the visualisation so that observers are given proportionally more time to understand changes based on the density of activity in the visualisation.


This paper focuses on the development of word dictionary of Bangla vowel ended roots and their verbal inflexions to incorporating them into an interlingua representation called Universal Networking Language (UNL) processors. A considerable amount of work has been done on the development of Bangla morphological analysis on verbs, nouns, prefixes and suffixes for machine translation. As far as the researchers are aware, no attempts, however, have been made to integrate the previous developments on Bangla vowel ended roots and inflexions for a concrete computational output. This paper attempts to bridge the gap on Bangla vowel ended roots and inflexions in the framework of UNL system aiming to produce a Bangla word dictionary for UNL. The paper analyzes the Bangla vowel ended roots and verbal inflexions and develops their formats in the UNL structure. Dictionary entries of all vowel ended roots and their inflexions are developed in order to generate associated verbs for sentences. These verbs can be used to convert Bangla native language sentences into UNL expressions using semantic rules, which are then converted into required native languages using the language specific generation rules. Conversion of a Bangla language sentence into UNL expression has also been shown in this paper.


The article discusses independent work as part of the pedagogical process. Inde pendent work is a means of forming such an important personality trait as self-independence, a form
of organizing the cognitive activity of students, requiring the manifestation of activity, independence of
thought, creativity, perseverance and initiative in completing the task.


Online trends and platforms come and go, and media professionals have historically shown a keen interest in adopting novel modes of content distribution in order to capture the interest of the elusive online audience. This paper provides insights into the employment of online interactivity by news media users in relation to the social media presences of a selection of Norwegian media outlets. Adopting a comparative approach, the study features analysis of data from online mainstay Facebook and from the comparably novel Instagram platform. Among other things, results suggest that the previously noted tendency for audience members to prefer "lighter" or less-demanding modes of interaction with online news content is further strengthened—especially on the latter of the two studied platforms. Given that Instagram tends to attract comparably younger users, the implications for the news media industries as well as for future trends regarding audience interaction in relation to news are discussed.


Objectives: This study investigates the role of motivational factors in second language learning and gender differences between integrative and instrumental orientation among engineering students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An adopted AMTB (Attitude and Motivation Test Battery) was used to collect data from undergraduate engineering students in the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation coefficient. Findings: The results revealed strong positive correlation observed between desire to learn English and attitude towards learning English. A moderate correlation was found between attitude towards learning English and motivational intensity. Similarly,strong positive correlation was found between integrative and instrumental orientation among male students when compared to female. Applications/Improvements: The teacher must boost their learners' interest and create awareness about the importance of studying English both for intrinsic and instrumental reasons. Similarly, language instructors could change their teaching method according to the learners' interest.


From February 1st 2002, trailers (or semi-trailers) and caravans with a mass of more than 750 kilograms must have a registration number. For RDW Vehicle Technology and Information Centre, SWOV has determined how many trailers and caravans require a registration number and to what extent owners are willing to apply for a registration number. The number of owners possessing a registration certificate which belongs to a (semi-) trailer or caravan heavier than 750 kg also had to be determined. The necessary data for answering the research questions was obtained in two ways: - personal interviews with various organisations (Central Bureau of Statistics, trade organisations, etc.) to determine the vehicle stocks in 2002; - a written survey of owners, with questions about the willingness to apply for a registration number, possession of a registration certificate, and the number of kilometres travelled. For answering the RDW questions, only the results for caravans and trailers heavier than 750 kg. were relevant. The object was to make the best estimate that was then possible. On account of the method used and the statistical margins the estimates can differ from the real numbers. The estimate for the number of caravans heavier than 750 kg. in 2002 is 405,000. For trailers between 750 and 3,500 kg. and those heavier than 3,500 kg. the estimates are 206,000 and 152,000 respectively. About 4% of the owners of a caravan heavier than 750 kg. do not have a registration certificate. For the lighter and heavier trailers this is 16% and 3 % respectively. About 97% of the owners of a caravan heavier than 750 kg. will apply for a registration number. For both weight classes of trailers this is 96%. SWOV was concerned about the risks of driving with a trailer, but especially with a caravan. The survey of trailer and caravan owners made it possible to (also) ask questions about kilometres travelled per year, accidents, and safety inspection. For the time being, SWOV considers this data as basic data that is useful for other SWOV research.


In the present paper the collective (vibrational) excitations in molecular crystals were studied. Since the corresponding molecular interactions are characterized by a small radius, the investigation results are important for the molecular and nanoelectronics problem solving. The paper includes the investigation results of resonance (Davydov) splitting of the methylene ÑÍ2 group rocking vibrations in the IR absorption spectra of even homologues of crystalline dicarboxylic ÍÎÎÑ(ÑÍ2)nÑÎÎÍ acids (crystal space group P21/a). Temperature dependence of the Davydov splitting value for the series of rocking vibration bands of methylene groups in the spectral range 700-1100 cm–1 was investigated for homologues with the number of carbon atoms n 4-10 using the polarized IR spectroscopy in the wide temperature range 100-300 K. Interpretation of the series of rocking vibration bands of methylene groups in the IR absorption spectra of even homologues of crystalline dicarboxylic acids is performed. Based on the theoretical calculation of normal modes and the assignment of observed absorption bands to vibrations of different symmetry types it was shown, that in the spectra of the studied acids the series of rocking vibration bands may be interpreted as the vibration of (n – 2) methylene groups connected by the collective interaction, in contrast to the case of normal paraffins where all the methylene groups are involved in rocking vibrations. Dependence of the Davydov splitting value on the number of methylene groups is analyzed, and shown that this value increases proportionally to the methylene chain length.


A description of magnetic interaction, including demagnetizing effects and the vector nature of the magnetization, is presented. Demagnetizing factors appropriate for the second-order approximation for cubic and cylindrical sample shapes are explicitly calculated. A technique for measuring absolute amplitudes based on the weak interaction of two frequencies is proposed.


This paper presents a case study of a former reactor cooling water reservoir, PAR Pond, located Savannah River Site. PAR Pond, a 2640 acre, man-made reservoir was built in 1958 and until 1988, received cooling water from two DOE nuclear production reactors, P and R. The lake sediments were contaminated with low levels of radiocesium (CS-137) and transuranics in the late 1950s and early 1960s because of leaking fuel elements. Elevated levels of mercury accumulated in the sediments from pumping water from the Savannah River to maintain a full pool. PAR Ponds` stability, size, and nutrient content made a significant, unique, and highly studied ecological resource for fish and wildlife populations until it was partially drained in 1991 due to a depression in the downslope of the earthen dam. The drawdown, created 1340 acres of exposed, radioactively contaminated sediments along 33 miles of shoreline. This led US EPA to declare PAR Pond as a CERCLA operable unit subject to remediation. The drawdown also raised concerns for the populations of aquatic plants, fish, alligators, and endangered species and increased the potential for off-site migration of contaminated wildlife from contact with the exposed sediments. Applicable regulations, such as NEPA and CERCLA, requiremore » wetland loss evaluations, human health and ecological risk assessments, and remediation feasibility studies. DOE is committed to spending several million dollars to repair the dam for safety reasons, even though the lake will probably not be used for cooling purposes. At the same time, DOE must make decisions whether to refill and expend additional public funds to maintain a full pool to reduce the risks defined under CERCLA or spend hundreds of millions in remediation costs to reduce the risks of the exposed sediments.« less


this thesis, a cross layer network design approach using effective MAC layer and optimal Network layer design has been proposed and implemented to improve the performance of the wireless networks. For this purpose, new MAC design principles have been proposed for effective scheduling and channel allocation where pipelining techniques proposed for improving the channel utilization. In addition, a new bandwidth allocation technique using partitioning has been proposed in this paper which allows varying the amount of traffic dynamically by increasing or decreasing the window size depending on the traffic. Finally, an ant colony based routing algorithm which uses cluster based routing has been proposed and implemented to match the newly designed MAC layer.


Sensors play an important role in Internet of Things (IoT) industry and account for a rapidly growing market share. Among them, the magnetic sensor based on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect possesses great potential applications in the fields of biomedical, navigation, positioning, current detection, and non-destructive testing due to its extremely high sensitivity, small device size and low power consumption. In this paper, we focus on the development of TMR sensor technology routes, covering a series of research advances from a sensor transducer to three-dimensional magnetic field detection, and then to the applications. Firstly, we recall the development history of TMR sensors, explain its working principle, and discuss the method to improve the output linearity of single magnetic tunnel junction. Next, we state the Wheatstone-bridge structure, which can inhibit temperature drift in detail and review several methods of fabricating the full bridge of TMR sensors. Furthermore, for the market demand of three-dimensional magnetic field detection, we summarize the methods of designing and fabricating three-dimensional sensing structure of the TMR sensor. At the same time, we list several optimization schemes of TMR sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and noise level. Finally, we discuss two types of emerging applications of TMR sensors in recent years. The TMR sensors can also be used in intelligence healthcare due to their ultra-high sensitivity. In addition, devices from the combination of spin materials and MEMS structure have attracted wide attention, especially, because of the large commercial market of microphones, spin-MEMS microphones utilized TMR techniques will be the next research hotspot in this interdisciplinary field.


The objective of the current work was to evaluate the effect of three different commercial protein-based fat replacers Prolo®11(PR), Simplesse®100 (SM) and Dairy LoTM (DL) on the physicochemical, microstructural, and sensory characteristics of low-fat Edam cheese (LFEC) made from buffalo's milk during a specific ripening period. LFEC treatments were prepared using different ratios (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% w/w marked I, II and III respectively) for each PR, SM and DL. Cheese without fat replacer was prepared as the control (C). Cheese containing fat replacers had a higher significant moisture content than C. Proteolysis significantly increased in LFEC containing Fat replacers more than C. Firmness decreased gradually with increasing the concentration of the fat replacers.  PRIII and SMIII had less firmness. The addition of SM and PR improved texture, flavour and acceptability of the LFEC on the 60th day of ripening. DL treatments achieved the best total scores for sensory characteristics on the 90th day of ripening. Fat replacers affected the microstructure of LFEC especially SM which imparts a desirable texture to cheese, compared to other treatments.


A visible-light driven photoelectrochemical degradation process has been applied to a solution polluted with the organophosphate insecticide chlorfenvinphos. Different WO 3 nanosheets/nanorods have been used as photoanodes. These nanostructured electrodes have been fabricated by anodization of tungsten and, subsequently, they have been subjected to a thermal treatment (annealing). The combined influence of annealing temperature (400º C and 600º C) and operation pH (1 and 3) on the photoelectrocatalytic behavior of these nanorods has been examined through a statistical analysis. Morphological, structural and photoelectrochemical characterizations have also been carried out. The chlorfenvinphos degradation efficiency depended both on annealing temperature and, specially, operation pH. At pH 1 and using an annealing temperature of 600º C, chlorfenvinphos has been effectively degraded following pseudo-first order kinetics with a coefficient of 7.8×10 -3 min -1 , and notably mineralized (more than 65% of Total Organic Carbon decrease).


Developmental enamel defects of primary teeth have been associated in earlier reports with motor, hearing and psychological disturbances. The relationship between hypoplastic enamel defects and learning problems had not been evaluated previously. For a total of 149 girls and 196 boys we collected a primary tooth shortly after shedding and approximately 2 years later a teacher-completed questionnaire about function in school. Children with a hypoplastic enamel defect of one of their primary incisors were no more likely than their peers without an enamel defect to have any of 7 different learning problem syndromes. In the absence of reason to suspect selection bias, confounding, or misclassification of hypoplastic defects or school problems, we conclude that hypoplastic enamel defects are not associated with teacher-identified learning problems.


PACK Aero ['.nginc Fuels of To-day and To-morrow. Colonel the Master of Sempill ... ... ... ... ... Oyo Aero Engines, Supercharged. R. F. R. Pierce ... ... ... ... ... 015 Aero Engines and the Condensation of Exhaust (ias for Water Recovery, The Evaporative Cooling of. 7'. R. CaveBrowne-Cave ... ... ... ... 30 Aerofoils. O. S. Sinnajl ... ... ••• 3 j^ Aerofoils of High Aspect Ratio, On the Pressure Distribution Round Certain. / ) . M. Wrincli 120 Aeroplane Structural Design, Some Problems in. 11. B. Howard ... 238 Air-Cooled Engines, Installation Problems on Radial." .1. / / . R. t'edden S3


Halogens are the chemical elements in group 17 of the periodic table, with an electronic configuration of s2p5. Incorporation of the halogen atoms into molecular structure is well recognized as...


Cochlear afferent and efferent fibers in the guinea pig were labeled by focal extracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase into the spiral ganglion of the basal turn. The morphology and pattern of termination of these fibers were studied by light microscopy. Fibers labeled by injections into the peripheral side of the ganglion could be grouped on the basis of their courses and terminations in the cochlea into two classes of afferent fibers, two classes of efferent (olivocochlear) fibers, and other presumably autonomic fibers. This paper describes the characteristics of labeled afferent fibers and their parent ganglion cells.


Abstract. After implementation of the Repository Site Selection Act (StandAG) in 2017,
the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE), as the German waste
management organization, started the site selection procedure for a nuclear
repository for high-level radioactive waste in Germany. On the way towards the
repository site with the best possible safety, the site selection procedure is
required to be a participatory, transparent, learning and self-questioning
process based on scientific expertise. With the Subareas Interim Report
published in 2020, first results were presented outlining subareas with
favourable geological conditions in preparation for defining the siting
regions for surface exploration. Currently, one of the main tasks in the site selection procedure is to
establish a detailed geoscientific synthesis (Geosynthesis) for each
subarea. The Geosynthesis contains all geological information for the
characterization of each subarea and hence serves as the foundation for the
subsequent analysis within the representative preliminary safety assessments
(rvSU) and the geoscientific consideration criteria. Based on this
information, all areas within the subareas will be evaluated to find the
siting regions for surface exploration. The Geosynthesis includes a description of the regional geology focusing on
the host rock, the overburden and relevant geological processes that may
affect the potential nuclear waste repository in the next 1 million years. The
data for the Geosynthesis are mostly compiled from state authorities and
include 3-D geologic models, regional maps and cross-sections, bore hole data
(e.g. geophysical logs) and seismic data. Furthermore, it is necessary to
digitize, process, interpret and evaluate the aforementioned data using the
available knowledge from the scientific literature in the context of the site
selection procedure.


Further cash trapping devices have been found on cash machine in Harrogate. Police have issued a warning after a trap was found on the ATM at the ...


Taking the laminar cooling system as an object,how to improve strip coiling temperature control quality is studied.Based on the model of strip in cooling process,feedforward compensation was implemented for the presetting model.And considering the uncertainty and long dead time of the model,fuzzy prediction control method is introduced,which promote the precision of feedback controlling.The results prove that the used measures have improved the coiling temperature control accuracy greatly.


The uppermost oceanic crust composes of Layers 2A and 2B, and the boundary between them is debated to be a lava/dike transition or a hydrothermal alteration boundary within the lava unit. Here, we present the analyses of ultralong multichannel seismic data along a 1,500 km long profile covering 0–75 Ma of the oceanic lithosphere on the African plate in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. We find that the Layer 2A is observed along the whole profile, with its P velocity increasing from 2.5 km/s near the ridge axis to > 4 km/s at ∼ 4 Ma with slight variations thereafter. We also find that the sediment thickness increases rapidly from 0 m at the ridge axis to 170 m at 4 Ma, suggesting that there is a link between the high sedimentation rate and the increase in Layer 2A velocity. These observations indicate that crust younger than 4 Myr may be influenced by active hydrothermal circulation. The observed thickness of Layer 2A decreases from ∼ 850 m near the ridge axis to ∼ 600 m at 15 Ma with no significant changes beyond. We also find an increase in Layer 2B velocity from 5.1 km/s at 4 Myr to 5.5 km/s at 46 Myr, suggesting that passive hydrothermal circulation may extend deeper than Layer 2A/2B boundary. We propose Layer 2A/2B boundary to be a lava/dike transition at the ridge axis and a hydrothermal alteration boundary within the extrusive section away from the ridge axis.


An exercise apparatus (100) comprising: a body (22) with a first fork (22), the first fork (22) a first longitudinal channel extending along; a first sliding member (30) placed in the first channel and slidable therein reciprocally and having a gripping end extending from the channel; a second yoke (40) attached to the body, the second yoke (40) a second longitudinal channel extending along; and a second sliding member (42) placed on the second channel and slidable therein reciprocally and having another end holding extending from the second channel, characterized in that the holding end is one end of abdominal restraint (34); clamping the other end is a holding end of the upper body (46); the second yoke (40) is pivotally connected to the body (22) to the second yoke (40) can move between a collapsed configuration and an operational configuration, and wherein the second longitudinal channel is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal channel when in the collapsed configuration and the second longitudinal channel extending away from the first longitudinal channel at an angle in a range between 20 and 70 degrees in the operating configuration.


This book, as stated in the Introduction, is a celebration of the women who work in manual construction jobs. Women in Construction is, however, much more than a celebration of women, providing a detailed insight into the world of the trades, trade unions and craft. The contributors provide a fascinating picture of the construction industry from the perspective of women in a variety of countries, from Europe, to India, Africa, North America and Australia. Differences in culture, working practices, challenges and opportunities are discussed from the different national and cultural perspective, helping to show that there is no one approach to making construction more inclusive. We find that where women are heavily engaged the work is demeaning and labour-intensive, and yet where the work is stimulating and rewarding there are too few women involved. In addition to a comprehensive Introduction the book comprises four sections that deal with: the gendered division of labour, institutional barriers, conditions of work and the political will to include women in construction. Chapters address a number of trades, for example, house construction (Botswana) and painting (Denmark) as well as more underlying factors such as gender identity and the role of the unions and legislative controls. As expected with an edited work each chapter is relatively concise and could be read in isolation of it neighbours; however, the editors have undertaken a good job in threading the material together to provide an engaging whole. The individual chapters are punctuated with concise accounts from women working in construction; carpenters, bricklayers, electricians and plumbers are some of the trades represented. These highly personal accounts provide a fascinating insight into the world of women in construction as well as helping to reveal some of the more general characteristics of construction that affect all workers. These personal accounts enrich the book while also making the reader stop, reflect and in many cases question, the more academic material of neighbouring chapters. In the book the term 'construction' is defined quite narrowly to refer to manual workers only. Such an approach helps to keep the book focused, but there is little recognition of the role of women and the shifting gender balance within some of the professions, and thus no recognition of their potential as role models and agents of change. In practice there is a connection between trades people and professionals and the contributors could have explored it. Given the developments in off-site production techniques one might also be forgiven for expecting some debate about the role of women (and men) in a factory setting. The authors are at pains to point out the satisfaction to be gained from working on a construction site, but it would have been interesting to see how this transfers to factory production. For example, is gender still a topic of concern or should we be more concerned about the rise of the asexual robots and the further erosion of manual jobs and craft? Throughout the book there are calls for change, although the reader is left to ponder how such change could be effected. Collectively the contributors to the book argue that prejudice, education and training, current working practices, structural barriers and society at large all conspire to deter women from entering the building trades and then conclude with rather sweeping statements about doing more to create an inclusive culture. This is not enough. Readers will want to know, for example, how women can contribute to the improvement of workplace health and safety, etc. and hence make construction a more attractive career choice. Some speculative future scenarios would have added real value to the book. Women in Construction is well written, informative and will be of interest to a wide range of readers, regardless of gender. It is the result of work by members of the European Institute for Construction Labour Research (CLR) and perhaps not surprisingly the emphasis is on the role of trade unions and social partners; a more balanced approach would have been to better recognise the role of employers and the affect of the 'free' market as determining factors for an inclusive workplace. There are also a few issues concerning the way in which some of the research findings are used to develop a particular point of view (small sample, sweeping conclusions) and some of the research is a little dated (one contribution dates from Construction Management and Economics (December 2005) 23, 1083–1084


Objective To provide guidance for clinical work through analysing the oral cleanliness and its influencing factors in adolescent orthodontic patients.Methods 238 cases of adolescent orthodontic patients(male 110,female128) as the object of study,checked the oral cleanliness in accordance with uniform standards,Questionnaires were used to investigate the relevant factors related to social background and oral hygiene habits,then statistically analyzed that using SPSS software.Results The oral cleanliness of female patients were better than men.The manner,frequency and time of brushing affect the cleanliness.There was a certain correlation with age,education of parents and the physician.Conclusion Orthodontic staff should strengthen the oral health promotion to orthodontic patients and their families,and provide targeted individual protective measures.


A polyamide resin composition having good molding fluidity, heat and chemical resistance and dimensional sta bility is provided containing: (A) 30-90 weight percent, based on components (A) and (B), of a polyamide resin containing (i) 10-99 weight percent, based on components (i) and (ii) of an aromatic polyamide containing a carboxylic acid component derived from terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acid in which the isophthalic acid constitutes 40 mole percent or less of the mixture, and an aliphatic diamine component derived from a mixture of hexamethylene diamine and 2-methylpentamethylene diamine; and (ii) 1-90 weight percent, based on components (i) and (ii), of at least one polyamide selected from the group consisting of polyamides containing repeat units derived from alipathic dicarboxylic acids and alipathic diamines and polyamides containing repeat units derived from aliphatic aminocarboxylic acids; and (B) 10-70 weight percent, based on components (A) and (B), of an inorganic filler.


Down the centuries, rural Zimbabweans have shared their experiences and feeling through the spoken word. Stories have preserved the nation's indigenous language and culture. This oral literature still needs to be explored and published. Urban migration in Zimbabwe has many causes which are partly explored here. But the great tragedy has been the break up of the traditional family and a changing economic climate. The influence of these on the decline in storytelling is explored in this paper and the question posed: what can be done to reverse the trend?


Argon gas injection is widely used to prevent nozzle clogging during continuous casting of steel. Argon gas is well known to improve clogging resistance via several mechanisms1) which include preventing deoxidation products/inclusions from contacting the nozzle wall,2–4) flushing the inclusions off of the nozzle,4,5) promoting the flotation of inclusions,6) reducing negative pressure and air aspiration through the nozzle walls,4,7,8) and preventing chemical reactions between the steel and the nozzle refractory.6) However, unoptimized argon gas injection may be detrimental to final steel product quality. The annular or slug flows produced by abnormal high gas flow rate compared to the molten steel flow rate in a nozzle can produce asymmetric jet flow in the mold,9,10) shallower jet angle,11) and higher turbulence energy,11) resulting in severe surface velocity and level fluctuations,12) and finally causing surface defects in the final steel products.9–12) In addition, abnormal big bubbles easily float upwards to the surface near Bubble Behavior and Size Distributions in Stopper-Rod Nozzle and Mold during Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs


In humans, there are four known proton‐sensing G‐Protein‐coupled receptors (pH‐GPCRs): GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T‐cell death‐associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1) and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein). They are known to be involved in sensing changes of extracellular proton concentrations in the acidic microenvironment of tumors, which leads to altered cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, immune cell function and inflammation. However, little is known about the expression of pH‐GPCRs in the skin and especially skin cancers.


The evolutionary status of 24 post-AGB stars is presented based on Gaia DR3 data. All 24 stars have parallaxes accurate to better than 3σ and have RUWE values <1.4. Based on the Gaia DR3 distances the absolute luminosities are derived. For 14 of the stars, the luminosities confirm their post-AGB evolutionary stage. However, V1027 Cyg, which was previously classified as a post-AGB star, is found to have a higher luminosity than would be expected if it was truly a post-AGB star; thus it may be an evolved, massive, pulsating semi-regular variable star of type G7Ia. For 9 of the stars, the luminosities are lower than 1000 L ⊙, indicating that some are post-HB stars and some are post-RGB stars.


consumers' product disposition intentions, this research enriches the literature of product disposition behavior in particular and consumer decisions in general. Second, our findings shed light on the literature of incidental similarity by exploring its negative consequences. Third, the current research contributes to the embarrassment literature by examining embarrassment in an important consumption context (i.e. "dress same"). Finally, we also extend the application of social comparison theory in consumer behavior research.


Background: HBO1 is a crucial enzyme needed for DNA replication, yet mechanisms for its disposal are unknown. Results: A ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, Fbxw15, mediates HBO1 degradation in concert with Mek1 kinase after endotoxin exposure. Conclusion: Fbxw15 targets HBO1 for its site-specific ubiquitination and degradation leading to reduced histone acetylation and cellular proliferation. Significance: The molecular control of HBO1 protein levels may impact fundamental cellular processes during inflammation. Histone acetyltransferase binding to origin recognition complex (HBO1) plays a crucial role in DNA replication licensing and cell proliferation, yet its molecular regulation in cells is relatively unknown. Here an uncharacterized protein, Fbxw15, directly interacts with HBO1, a labile protein (t½ = ∼3 h), to mediate its ubiquitination (Lys338) and degradation in the cytoplasm. Fbxw15-mediated HBO1 depletion required mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (Mek1), which was sufficient to trigger HBO1 phosphorylation and degradation in cells. Mek1 ability to produce HBO1 degradation was blocked by Fbxw15 silencing. Lipopolysaccharide induced HBO1 degradation, an effect abrogated by Fbxw15 or Mek1 cellular depletion. Modulation of Fbxw15 levels was able to differentially regulate histone H3K14 acetylation and cellular proliferation by altering HBO1 levels. These studies authenticate Fbxw15 as a ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit that mediates endotoxin-induced HBO1 depletion in cells, thereby controlling cell replicative capacity.


The ability to make rational decisions is one of mankind's unique attributes. A characteristic of the formal techniques that have been used for decision making is the selection of the best alternative with respect to a certain figure of merit. One of the most critical problems in engineering design is making early decisions on a sound basis. However, the early stages of design are also the most uncertain, and obtaining precise information upon which to base design decisions is usually impossible. The need for a methodology to represent and manipulate imprecision is greatest in the early, preliminary stages of engineering design, where the designer is most unsure of the final dimensions and shape, material properties, and performance of the completed design. Utility Theory provides an analytical way to aid the decisions in engineering design. By exchanging from objective to attribute and expressing these attitudes mathematically, a utility based attribute function (Utility Function) can be set up to describe the attitude of a decision-maker with regard to his/her preference. In this work, the Aspiration-level Interactive Method (AIM), a goal-seeking method based on identifying non-dominated solutions, is used along with Utility Theory to compensate for the limitations of utility theory in forming a meaningful group preference. This work is an initial attempt to integrate two methodologies from the field of decision theory in order to provide rational decision support for design problems where a hierarchy of decision making is required. The hierarchy, in this paper, is characterized by multiple designers at the lower level who report to one manager. The designers each have different preferences and values, while the manager is driven by project goals and specifications. The approach presented generates feasible and preferred design combinations for further analysis in the detailed design phase. 1 ME Member ME Member, Corresponding Author NOMENCLATURE SUF: Single-Attribute Utility Function MUF: Multi-Attribute Utility Function AIM: Aspiration-level Interactive Method


Whether it is for a noise compliance assessment or during the design stage of a project with strict and contractually obligated acoustics objectives, one must understand the uncertainties and tolerances in acoustics. Firstly, acoustic data from manufacturers have to be interpreted with the possible swings in their performance and also the allowable tolerances as per some qualification standards. On the other hand, acoustic measurements may be required during commissioning and one face the question by how much a result must diverge from the target to show beyond doubt a noncompliance. The intent here is to summarize current standards and practices of common acoustic measurements with respect to precision and bias (both instrumentally and methodologically) and put it in perspective with the uncertainties/tolerances of available acoustic data to designers.


His Highness the Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani attended the final of Qatar ExxonMobil Open for men which was held at Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex yesterday evening. France's Gael Monfils won the final in straight sets, brushing aside Russia's Andrey Rublev in a one-sided final, 6-2, 6-3. The match was attended by a number of sheikhs and ministers as well as guests. Sport Page 1


We investigate cochannel interference suppression with an adaptive antenna array for different interference power profiles, that is, dominant to the rest of the interference power ratios. Two interference estimation methods are compared from which the first makes use of the desired signal training sequence alone and the second requires also a knowledge of the interference training sequences. Simulations are performed with the known GSM typical urban channel model upgraded with angle of arrival information. Results show that both investigated methods are powerful in the presence of a dominant interfering signal.


The stimulus for this review and study was the report of experimentally produced esophageal burns in animals secondary to Clorox® ingestion which was reported by previous investigators in Chicago. Twenty-six children have been admitted to Children's Memorial Hospital since 1969 with "bleach ingestion" as the diagnosis. All but six underwent esophagoscopy in compliance with a "Pediatrics-Otorhinolaryngology Study Protocol" in an attempt to diagnose esophageal burns. Chemical burn of the esophagus was found in only one case; however, the exact content of ingested material was not definitely identified. In the one case of chemical burn, treatment was performed per protocol, and the patient is free of symptoms of stricture eighteen months postingestion. None of the other twenty-five patients have returned for treatment of ingestion sequelae. A laboratory study was conducted which utilized cats to simulate Clorox® ingestion by children. The cats were sacrificed at varying periods of time following ingestion with gross and microscopic exam of each esophagus being performed. Results showed the potential of chlorine bleach to cause chemical burns and superficial ulceration, but no stricture or residual sequelae when ingested in a manner simulating physiologic swallowing. Appropriate conclusions were made in respect to treatment of future patients with the diagnosis of "bleach ingestion."


Abstract Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was investigated with the use of reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) on RP8F254s, and RP18F254s (E. Merck) plates, using methanol as a mobile phase. It was stated that a larger amount of the bands on a chromatogram were obtained on RP8F254s plates than on RP18F254s plates. Six densitometric bands on RP8F254s plates were observed, where vitamin K1 had RF = 0.45 and λmax = 254 nm; however, the impurities had the RF values equal to 0.27, 0.54, 0.59, 0.62, and 0.75, respectively. It was stated that RP-TLC with densitometry and spectrodensitometry is a good method for the analysis of the qualitative composition of vitamin K1.


A boundary-integral method was used to study the productivity of inclined wells. The previous analytical equations for productivity indices were derived mainly for two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) radial flow and a line source or sink in an unbounded domain. Even when a simple impermeable plane boundary exists near a well, the analytical solution becomes a complicated infinite series of functions. Hence, it is desirable to develop a simple, general method to analyze accurately the Darcy flow around inclined wells in an arbitrary reservoir geometry. Use of Green's function allows a general solution of the Darcy equation to be expressed in the form of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. This integral equation has been solved numerically by a collocation technique. This boundary-integral method was used to analyze the effects of boundaries, anisotropic permeability, well location, and inclination angle on well productivity. Finally, the commonly used well-productivity equation for a finite-difference method was carefully examined by comparison with accurate numerical solutions from the boundary-integral method. This study indicated that the equation can yield erroneous results for an inclined well. The well productivity calculated here can easily be incorporated in finite-difference simulation for inclined wells.


The kinetic inductance detector (KID) is a versatile and scalable detector technology with a wide range of applications. These superconducting detectors offer significant advantages: simple and robust fabrication, intrinsic multiplexing that will allow thousands of detectors to be read out with a single microwave line, and simple and low cost room temperature electronics. These strengths make KIDs especially attractive for HEP science via mm-wave cosmological studies. Examples of these potential cosmological observations include studying cosmic acceleration (Dark Energy) through measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, precision cosmology through ultra-deep measurements of small-scale CMB anisotropy, and mm-wave spectroscopy to map out the distribution of cosmological structure at the largest scales and highest redshifts. The principal technical challenge for these kinds of projects is the successful deployment of large-scale high-density focal planes -- a need that can be addressed by KID technology. In this paper, we present an overview of microstrip-coupled KIDs for use in mm-wave observations and outline the research and development needed to advance this class of technology and enable these upcoming large-scale experiments.


The invention relates to a boron nitride nanotube strengthened silicon nitride ceramic material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding raw material boron nitride nanotubes and sintering accessory ingredient into silicon nitride powder to be mixed and dispersed; carrying out cold molding on the mixed and dispersed raw material under the pressure of 10-30 MPa; carrying out isostatic compaction under the pressure of 150-300 MPa; keeping the molded raw material in a muffle furnace at 400-800 DEG C for 10-40 minutes; and finally, carrying out microwave sintering to obtain the boron nitride nanotube strengthened silicon nitride ceramic material. The invention can obtain high-performance silicon nitride ceramic material within a short time, and has the advantages of cost saving and low energy consumption. In the sintering process, microwaves can accelerate the transformation of alpha-Si3N4 from alpha phase to beta phase, increase the density and promote the densification, so that the material can have higher fracture toughness on the premise of maintaining higher bending strength.


It is shown by analysis of evolutionary programming algorithm and experiments of it in the path planning of robots that saving the fittest in every generation of evolutionary programming algorithm may be the source of prematurity convergence. A improving algorithm is put forward: By employing Golden Section we choose some high-fitness chromosomes in a generation, then according to the principle of survive of the fittest, by roulette wheel selection based on fitness, to get one from the chosen chromosomes, which will come into the next generation. On the other hand, according to the principle of eliminating of the bad, that which is chosen in some low-fitness chromosomes in the next generation will be excluded. The improving algorithm has been applied on the path planning of robots, and by emulational experiment the validity of it has been checked out.


The study was undertaken to assess the existing status of drinking water quality of Madhyapur-Thimi. A total of 105 water samples comprising 50 (47.61%) wells, 45 (42.82%) tap water and 10 (9.52%) stone spouts were randomly collected. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed following standard technique. The pH (1.9%), conductivity (34.28%) and turbidity (16.19%) of water samples had crossed the permissible guideline values as prescribed by WHO and national standard. All samples contained nitrate values within the WHO permissible value as well as national standard but hardness (2%), chloride (2.85%), iron (26.66%), ammonia (11.42%), and arsenic content (1.90%) crossed the WHO guideline value but none of the water samples crossed the national standard for arsenic. Arsenic having 0.025mg/l (25ppb) was detected from two well water samples, Makanani well and Ajimanani well. Total coliform count showed 64.76% of samples crossed the WHO guideline values. Eleven different kinds of enteric bacteria were isolated from different sources, Enterobacter spp. being the predominant. Isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility pattern using ten antibiotics. Among total isolates, resistance was directed to 79.5% Erythromycin, 62.67% Penicillin G, 61.9% Amoxycillin, 34.5% Ampicillin, 21.1% Tetracycline, 15.4% Ceftriaxone, 14.7% Amikacin, 14.7% Cephotaxine, 5.6% Chlorophenical and 5.6% Ofloxacin respectively. Key words : Coliform; Enteric bacteria; Permissible value; Physicochemical; Antibiotic resistance DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2955 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 10, 2009 Page: 167-172


Abstract:  The discovery of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) was the prelude to the understanding that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The issue regarding whether or not the measurement of ICAs should be completely replaced by biochemical markers detecting islet autoantibodies (AAs) for the prediction of T1DM has been the subject of endless international debates. In light of this controversy, we assessed the current role of ICAs as a predictive marker for T1DM progression. We examined a cohort of 1484 first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of T1DM probands from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Registry. These relatives were consecutively enrolled between 1979 through 1984 and followed up to 22 yr. Serum obtained at the time of enrollment was assayed for ICAs, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, insulin A (IA)‐2 AA, and insulin AAs (IAAs).


FRONT PAGE FOR FINAL PROJECT DOCUMENT (BPJ 421) 2011 Information with regards to the mini-dissertation Title Optimisation of a Vehicle Wash Bay and the Development of a Parking Bay Monitoring System Author Pitts, M Student number 27089712 Supervisor Kruger, P Date 10/11/2011


Two questions about professional practice rarely arise: the use of control in expert-client relations and the effect of different settings on the styles of practice. This paper presents the historical development of the mandates, for both control and advice, which pervade psychiatric practice. Though the presence of expertise always implies an element of control, usage varies according to opportunities and constraints provided by each setting. An analysis of control functions exercised by psychiatrists in coercive settings-institutions-leads to recognition of the application of control elements in the supposedly advisory setting of private practice. Patients meeting psychiatrists in different settings require differing kinds of protection against misuse of professional expertise.


Stromatolite columns in the upper Tertiary Furnace Creek Formation are remarkable in their strong (35°) southwesterly inclination to surrounding lacustrine strata in the northeast flank of the Black Mountains, eastern Death Valley, California. The columns occur at several stratigraphic intervals , in the thickest of which they attain heights of 5 meters and diameters of 65 centimeters. At the time of growth it is unlikely that any column stood more than a few centimeters above the surrounding laminae of silt and clay. Surfaces of a few intervening beds are marked locally by cuspate and subparallel ripples. Apparent inclination of the columns resulted from progressive migration of the loci of algal growth from one strati graphic lamina to the next. Proximity of basalt in complex relationship with lake sediments may also have influenced algal growth indirectly. The Furnace Creek beds were deposited in a lake similar in surface area to San Francisco Bay. The northeast side of the Black Mountains seems to have been a local shoreline of this lake. Subsequent faulting and folding caused the steep 45° dips to the northeast now exhibited along the Black Mountains front.


Kazakhstan has adopted a policy of procedural economy, which is expressed in the acceleration of the pas-sage of criminal cases at all stages of the criminal process. The introduction of many new procedural institu-tions and forms of pre-trial investigation, the updating of criminal procedure legislation actualizes the issue of investigating the procedural status of the victim. The modern domestic criminal process should provide a balance between numerous novelties and procedural rules designed to ensure compliance with the principle of competition and equality of the parties to the prosecution and defense. In accordance with this principle, "the parties involved in criminal proceedings are equal, that is, they are given equal opportunities to defend their position in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the CPC. The authors have studied international documents regarding the regulation of the rights of victims in criminal proceedings. The victim is one of the Central figures in the criminal process, especially if it is a crime against the person, and must have broad rights to protect their interests. In this regard, the issue of choosing a preventive measure against a suspect (accused), taking into account the opinion of the victim, is of particular importance. The authors studied the opinions of scientists and practitioners on the issue under consideration, as well as the provisions of criminal procedure legislation regulating the rights and obliga-tions of the victim, the ratio of General and special norms. As a result, the authors concluded that it is necessary to grant the victim the right to Express his opinion on the use or non-use of coercive measures against the suspect. In the course of studying this issue, the authors applied methods of comparative analysis, deduction, forecasting, and others. On the basis of the research, appropriate recommendations were developed to improve the legal regulation of the rights of the victim in criminal proceedings of the Republic of Kazakhstan.


Photodissociation of jet-cooled ethylbenzene at 248 nm was studied using VUV photoionization/multimass ion imaging techniques. The photofragment translational energy distribution obtained at 248 nm showed that after the excitation 75% of the ethylbenzene molecules dissociate from electronic excited state, and the rest 25% of the molecules dissociate through a hot molecule mechanism. This is the first experimental evidence which proves that the dissociation of alkyl-substituted benzenes can occur not only from hot molecule mechanism in this UV region.


Apparatus module caterpillar vehicle (10) including an upper drive wheel (12, 50) with elements spaced drive circumferentially (30), being connectable upper drive wheel (12, 50) with respect to an axis of a vehicle to rotate together therewith, a plurality of guide wheels (14A, 14B) and intermediate (15A, 15B), and an endless track of flexible rubber (16) having a main inner surface (18) and spaced lugs ( 20) protruding therefrom, the track (16) around the wheels (12, 50, 14A, 14B, 15A, 15B) extending and being driven by its engagement with the drive wheel (12, 50), wherein the drive wheel (12, 50) further comprises: an intermediate main circular plate (22) with a central portion (24) adapted for connection with the respective vehicle axle, finishing plate (22) circumferentially at an edge (26) a first diameter and being provided with sides facing dentr or (28A) and outwardly (28B) forming the surfaces of the drive wheel (12, 50) oriented in and out; a substantially flat and concentric with respect to the intermediate main circular plate (22) and fixed to the drive elements (12, 50) in end portions thereof outwardly facing (32A) stiffening ring (40), the ring (40) having an inner diameter not less than about half the second diameter, wherein the elements of spaced drive circumferentially (30) extend through the edge of the main plate (26) and projecting radially beyond it , to a second diameter, wherein each actuating element (30) has an end portion axially inwardly facing (32A), an end portion oriented axially outwardly (32B), an intermediate portion (34) located between the with an intermediate position thereof, and an outer surface engaging with the track (36), and wherein each actuating element (30) is fixed to the edge of the main plate (26), so the main plate (22) and the intermediate position are substantially aligned.


Our ultrafast amplifiers have produced 250-Watt at 100-kHz and 100-mJ at 250-Hz based on liquid nitrogen cooled Yb:YAG in rod and composite-disk geometries. Clear scaling towards 1-kW average power at 100 kHz and one-Joule pulse energy has emerged.


Leukocyte Immunoglobulin (Ig)-Like Receptors (LILRs) (LIRs/ILT/CD85) are a family of cell surface receptors involved in innate and adaptive immunity. There are six activatory (LILRA) and five inhibitory (LILRB) LILRs, with imbalances associated with the progression of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitory LILRs are up-regulated in anti-inflammatory environments and have been implicated in tumour progression. LILRs could therefore be potential immunotherapeutic targets to treat both cancer and autoimmunity. LILRB3 (ILT5/CD85a) is an inhibitory receptor belonging to this family. Although LILRB1 and LILRB2 have been extensively studied, LILRB3 has been less so. Its function is unclear but its restricted expression profile on myeloid cells makes it an attractive target. To help establish the potential of this family of receptors as targets for immunotherapy, a panel of LILRB1-, LILRB2- and LILRB3-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by propriety phage display technology. To confirm specificity the mAbs were assessed for binding to LILRB-transfectants compared to mock-transfectants, as well as cells expressing other related LILRs. Two, six and sixteen antibodies displayed specific binding to LILRB1, LILRB2 and LILRB3, respectively in these assays. Antibody binding to LILRBs on myeloid cells including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils were confirmed. Fine specificity and epitope mapping was performed using cross-blocking assays and HEK 293F-transfectants expressing mutated molecules of LILRB3, displaying varying numbers of extracellular domains. Using reporter cells capable of detecting receptor cross-linking, the antibodies were then screened for their ability to activate or inhibit cellular activation. The antibodies were assessed for their ability to regulate certain aspects of myeloid cell biology, including regulation of T-cell proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis. Finally, the antibodies were tested in vivo to assess their ability to act as direct targeting antibodies. These reagents allowed us to assess the function and immunotherapeutic potential of LILR mAbs.


In this paper, we develop a statistical model for random telegraph noise (RTN) related low-frequency noise (LFN). With our proposed model, one can calculate the expected value and the variability of the noise as a function of bias and device parameters. We clarify why the variability of RTN/LFN does not follow a 1/√area dependence. The model explains the effect of the halo implanted regions on the LFN statistics and the large variability of long channel devices found under certain bias conditions, which can be as large as that of short channel devices. We show that the LFN of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs can be described by the same mechanism. From our results, we derive that the trap density of the p-channel device is a strongly varying function of the Fermi level, whereas for the n-channel the trap density can be considered constant. We validate the model through numerous experimental results from different CMOS nodes, down to 40 nm. We also demonstrate that the noise, and its variability, found in our measurements can be modeled using reasonable physical quantities.


We have performed simulations of cluster formation along two regions of a spiral arm taken from a global Milky Way simulation, including photoionising feedback. One region is characterised by strongly converging flows, the other represents a more typical spiral arm region. We find that more massive clusters are able to form on shorter timescales for the region with strongly converging flows. Mergers between clusters are frequent in the case of the strongly converging flows and enable the formation of massive clusters. We compare equivalent clusters formed in simulations with and without ionisation. Photoionisation does not prevent massive cluster formation, but can be seen to limit the masses of the clusters. On average the mass is reduced by around 20%, but we see a large spread from ionisation having minimal difference to leading to a 50% reduction in mass. Photoionisation is also able to clear out the gas in the vicinity of the clusters on Myr timescales, which can produce clusters with larger radii that are surrounded by more massive stellar halos. We find that the ionising feedback has more impact in our second region which is less dense and has less strongly converging flows.


This paper derivates deterministic maximum likelihood DOA estimation algorithm cost function,then utilizes alternating projection algorithm for optimization.The extensive simulation results are based on ULA mode prove the efficacy of the algorithm.


At the beginning of the 20th century, the quantum theory, which replaced the traditional ideas about the world, brought with it a number of illogical at that time and at the same time strange for the classical worldview restrictions on the permissibility of the influence of human society on material objects. Over the past few decades, scientists from a number of countries have been discussing the creation of a cipher founded by quantum cryptography, which is based on the use of photons and the principle of their polarization for the creation of unique codes that are almost impossible to crack. Considering cryptography as a kind of art form that allows hiding secret information in a sequence of zeros and ones, it can be noted that even today quantum cryptography is in demand not only in government communications and in big business. In addition, the constant increase in the transmission speed and the reduction in the cost of implementing a number of processes allow one to hope for an increasingly widespread use of quantum cryptosystems in various fields already in the next decade. The world's largest institutions and companies are currently engaged in work in the field of quantum cryptography that makes grounds for talking about the formation of a market segment where almost all its participants are part of such a process. The article discusses the development of quantum cryptography over the past 30 years.


Guarantee the protection of Human Rights. Security, protection, and respect for human rights is not likely to grow and live naturally in the absence of democracy and the implementation of the principles of state based on law. The principle of state based on law means to control the governmen power, especially rulers. Citizenship is belongs to human right. Citizenship status with rights and obligations for the owner. A citizen has a reciprocal relationship between the state and its citizens. State shall ensure the right of a citizen ownership that includes civil rights, political rights, economic rights, social, and cultural. While obligations as a holder of Indonesian citizenship status has been established Constitution. Lost of the citizenship means lost of rights and obligations that person to the country concerned. The loss of citizenship status resulted in the breakup of a citizen to his country . Status of citizenship is the right of citizens is important and special. By having the citizenship rights as citizens will be easily met by the state or government. Lack of clarity citizenship status is also useful for the government in carrying out its duties


A system identification technique is presented for estimation of parameters associated with the dynamic model of the mass loaded honeycomb paperboard system. The honeycomb paperboard is modeled as a linear material with viscoelastic property, whose constitutive law is expressed by an exponential hereditary relaxation kernel. The free response of the mass loaded honeycomb paperboard system is expressed as the sum of complex exponentials, the system poles and residues are identified by the modified Prony method, the parameters of the dynamic model are identified by a substitution strategy. An experiment system is fabricated to record the free response of the mass-material system. Finally, the parameters identification technique is applied to the experimental data to obtain the relevant stiffness, viscous and viscoelastic parameters associated with the system. Variations in values of these parameters as function of static load level is also investigated and presented. Honeycomb paperboard dynamic properties model and the parameters presented in this paper can provide theoretical and design basis for the proper use of honeycomb paperboard in packaging.


The literature on the effects of pharmacologic agents on the human coronary circulation has been reviewed. It seems probable that the resistance vessels in the myocardium, rather than the maior coronary arteries, control myocardial blood flow. This is generally accepted for other areas of the body. If this is true in the heart, considerable changes in the lumen of the large coronary arteries may produce no significant difference in flow through the myocardium. This could explain the gross discrepancy between the severe coronary artery disease which has been demonstrated by coronary arteriography and the normal values for coronary flow obtained utilizing the nitrous oxide method or the radioactive gas methods. As it now stands, methods for measuring coronary blood flow have been of no value in detecting coronary artery disease and of very little value in predicting which drugs will be effective in relieVing angina pectoris. A general rule would seem to be that an agent which reduces cardiac work is apt to be effective in relief of anginal pain. Clearly, further information is desirable.


In this paper we study the semileptonic decays of $B_c^- \to (\eta_c,J/\psi)l^-\bar\nu_l$. We firstly evaluate the $B_c \to (\eta_c,J/\Psi)$ transition form factors $F_0(q^2)$, $F_+(q^2)$, $V(q^2)$ and $A_{0,1,2}(q^2)$ by employing the pQCD factorization approach, and then we calculate the branching ratios for all considered semileptonic decays. Based on the numerical results and the phenomenological analysis, we find that: (a) the pQCD predictions for the values of the $B_c \to \eta_c$ and $B_c \to J/\Psi$ transition form factors agree well with those obtained by using other methods; (b) the pQCD predictions for the branching ratios of the considered decays are $Br\left(B_c^- \to\eta_c e^-\bar\nu_e(\mu^-\bar\nu_\mu)\right) =(4.41^{+1.22}_{-1.09})\times10^{-3}$, $Br\left(B_c^- \to\eta_c\tau^-\bar\nu_\tau\right) =(1.37^{+0.37}_{-0.34})\times10^{-3}$, $Br(B_c^- \to J/\Psi e^-\bar\nu_e(\mu^-\bar\nu_\mu)) =(10.03^{+1.33}_{-1.18})\times10^{-3}$, and $Br\left(B_c^- \to J/\Psi\tau^-\bar\nu_\tau\right) =(2.92^{+0.40}_{-0.34})\times10^{-3}$; and (c) we also define and calculate two ratios of the branching ratios $R_{\eta_c}$ and $R_{J/\Psi}$, which will be tested by LHCb and the forthcoming Super-B experiments.


In the construction process of legal liability in accounting, determining scientific imputation principle is the foundation of constructing the overall system of legal liability. The imputation principle of legal liability in accounting has experienced the expansion from traditional fault liability to no-fault liability. Due to characteristics of the accounting profession and the effect of fault liability principle, regression to traditional fault liability principle should the rational choice of legal liability in accounting in the issue of imputation principle.


A necessity for a bond creation is one of common attributes of production companies. An adhesive bonding technology is a method of a connecting. This method is suitable for workings with a single and serial production. Many research projects dealt with a preparation of adhesive bonds, degradation aspects etc. An area, which has not been properly investigated at present, is an influence of a contamination of the adhesive bonds by dusty micro-particles, e.g. from a ventilation of assembly shops, production


For effective preparation of highly-qualified specialists in the field of mechatronics and robotics, capable of carrying out professional support for research and development (R & D), it is necessary to implement the education program that reveals the structure and sequence of pedagogical tasks related to the ultimate goals of preparing masters for research and development activities. The essence of R & D in the field of mechatronics and robotics aimed to create innova-tive tools with elements of artificial intelligence is given. The organization of science-intensive productions and the development of the aggregate-technological complex is briefly described. The labor functions of an undergraduate are presented in the framework of research and development correlated to the main stages of R & D, as well as a list of professional competencies that must be formed. The stages of education content interiorization are determined. They are mastering of knowledge; mastering of skills; forming of master's student readiness to carry out professional activities. The main purpose of the research is to offer a set of solutions and proposals aimed to organize the preparation of graduates for research and development. The guidelines contain the examples of R & D topics, their goals and the results achieved. The required qualifications of R & D agents are examined. Recommendations to the departments and scientific advisors of R & D are given. Three stages of R & D are described that result in master's thesis defense, and each stage is as-signed to the functions being performed. A three-step sequential structure of the second stage is proposed. The achievement of results is complicated by the unstable economic and educational situation, as well as by the violation of the traditional "technical university – production unit" ties. However, the strict adherence to the recommendations, the collaborative efforts of the repre-sentatives of the university, technology sector and R & D executors, expressed in the graph presented, will help to overcome the challenges, and to become the most prepared and independent specialist.


By optimizing the growth technique of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we've prepared high quality InAs quantum dot samples, with high density (up to 1.2 x 1011 cm-2) and highly homogeneous size. Strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) have been observed. The PL study reveals four confined-states QD transitions, which shows filling effect of the excited states. Dependence of these recombinations on excitation intensity and temperature has also been investigated. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) has been used to probe the local current of InAs surface quantum dots (SQDs) on doped GaAs layer. It is found that current about picoampere can be drawn from individual QD while bias of a few hundred mV is applied between tip and the sample. Further I-V studies discover that surface quantum dots usually has a threshold bias near 200 mV for current transmission, whereas bias of 400 mV is needed when the conductive tip is located on wetting layer.


Starting from analysis of the characteristics of the course The Principle of Automatic Control, combining the general problems in the course teaching, this paper proposes the concrete methods of combining class teaching, research project and practice after class, so as to improve the teaching quality efficiently, and achieve the effect of interaction between teachers and students-practice promotes learning; learning for practice.


In a Hamiltonian system with first class constraints observables can be defined as elements of a quotient Poisson bracket algebra. In the gauge fixing method observables form a quotient Dirac bracket algebra. We show that these two algebras are isomorphic. A new realization of the observable algebras through the original Poisson bracket is found.Generators, brackets and pointwise products of the algebras under consideration are calculated.


The ignition characteristics of PRF/air mixtures under direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) conditions are investigated using 2-D direct numerical simulations with a 117-species reduced PRF mechanism. The effects of compression heating and expansion cooing by the motion of piston in an engine cylinder are also accounted for by adopting a compression heating/cooling model. iso-Octane and n-heptane are selected as two different fuels of low and high reactivity, respectively, and the overall mixture reactivity is PRF70. A pseudo iso-octane model is developed to simulate the effects of injection timing on the DDFS combustion phasing. It is found that DDFS combustion is highly sensitive to the injection timing, tinj. The combustion phasing is delayed with advancing tinj, and overall combustion proceeds in a mixed mode of spontaneous ignition fronts and deflagration. As such the combustion duration is elongated in turn reducing the peak heat release rate (HRR). When iso-octane is delivered just near top dead center (TDC) into the undergoing-reacting charge, the overall combustion at this point occurs dominantly by auto-ignition. Its burning rate from this point, however, is primarily governed by diffusion-limited injection. As a result, the HRR is still well-controlled and entirely dependent on the timing and duration of late iso-octane injection.


Speech enhancement is concerned with processing noisy speech signals to improve the human perception of voice signals. The main goal of the speech enhancement algorithm is to reduce or remove the noise from a noisy speech sounding. By subtracting an approximation of the average noise spectrum from the noisy signal spectrum, the spectral subtraction speech enhancement algorithm restores the spectrum magnitude for signals seen in additive noise. This paper's main idea is to implement this algorithm on the TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and wireless transmission of the enhanced audio signal. Currently, a large number of the gadgets we use are wireless. As a result, in this study, we have suggested a technique for wirelessly transmitting speech signals utilizing an nRF module. The DSP-enhanced voice signal is input to the Arduino Uno ATmega328P controller using a sound sensor module. Data is down- and up-sampled using the controller, and wireless transmission is accomplished using an nRF module.


Bar-induced gas inflows towards the galaxy centres are recognized as a key agent for the secular evolution of galaxies. One immediate consequence is the accumulation of gas in the centre of galaxies where it can form stars and alter the chemical and physical properties. We use a sample of nearby face--on disc galaxies with available SDSS spectra to study whether the properties of the ionised gas in the central parts (radii 10^10 M_sun) or galaxies with total stellar mass above ~ 10^10.8 M_sun. In conclusion, we find observational evidence that the presence of a galactic bar affects the central ionised gas properties of disc galaxies, where the most striking effect is an enhancement in the N/O abundance ratio, which can be qualitatively interpreted as due to a different origin or evolutionary processes for less and more massive bulges, with the gaseous phase of the former having currently a closer relation with bars.


This report compares the effectiveness of Landsat Thematic Mapper ('I'M) .and French SPOT Multispectral satellite data as a supplement to ground Survey data for estimation of corn and soybean planted area. Ref.rence data from USDA's 1988 June Agricultural Survey were used in the estimation process and to check results. The survey data covered a sample of 30 segments in western Iowa. TM.and SPOT scenes of the region, imaged during late July of 1988~ were utilized. The ground and satellite data were processed through USDA's PEOITOR software system. For both 'I'Mand SPOT, each pixel within the sample segments was classified to'a specific ground cover based on previQusly computed spectral signatures. Since the true cover for each pixel was known from the ground data, classification accuracy could be assessed. Statistical criteria used to evaluate sensor performance included percentage of pixels correctly classified, commission error, and regression determination coefficient. For both crops of interest, the 'I'Mdata produced more accurate acreage estimates than the SPOT data. The entire 'I'Mscene was classified in order to generate region level estimates of crop area. These estimates were compared with the corresponding direct expansion estimates computed from survey data alone. Battese-Fullerestimates of crop acreage on a county basis were computed and compared with the official county estimates.


This research was aimed to develop and to evaluate the quality of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values, to evaluate the perception results, to evaluate the sampling group's satisfaction towards the development of innovative multimedia and to evaluate the feedback by the organizer. The sampling group in this study consisted of 2 groups. The first group was 30 state enterprise entrepreneurs from the Community under the Bridge Zone 1 at soi Pracha-Utit 76, the Community at the Back of the Suanthonburirom Park and the Community Moo 3 in the Bang Mod area. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who were filmed in a short film and were willing to be models for a desk calendar and to fill out the questionnaires. The second group was 50 students from the ETM 358 Marketing Communication course and the ETM 361 Presentation Skill 2 course in the second semester of the academic year 2018. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who participated in at least 2 social labs and participated in all the short film events at the cinema. The statistical methods in this research were mean score, standard deviation and feedback by the organizer. The results from the research and development were as follows:

The results from the development of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values contained 3 phases with the following major media, minor media and supporting media: short film, desk calendar and facebook page, vinyl banner for publicity with QR code and events to preview the short film and to screen the film at Major Cineplex cinema at Tesco Lotus Bangpakok. The quality of the media contents as evaluated by the expert panel was at a good level (x  = 4.25, S.D. = 0.72). The quality of the media presentation as evaluated by the expert panel was at a very good (x  = 4.61, S.D. = 0.32). The sampling group's perception of the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.42, S.D = 0.68). The sampling group's satisfaction towards the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.36, S.D = 0.72). These values confirmed the research hypotheses. The feedback or after action review by the learners showed that the majority had a good attitude towards service learning in conjunction with community-based learning in accordance with the research hypothesis. It was found that social work made students stronger and allowed them to think, analyze and engage in real work. They could communicate collaboratively through presentation and social media network for this course.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus optimized audio signal, among the audio-signal processing art. The method includes at least 2 is used for a terminal having a single collecting unit, the at least two through the sound collection unit and a step of proceeding to the positioning with respect to the sound source around the terminal, selecting a predetermined sound from each sound source positioned step, an audio by the step and the predetermined sound source from the terminal audio signal collecting determining said predetermined audio signal a sound source is originating a call based on the space position of the predetermined sound source acquired by the position with respect to the signal comprises a step of optimizing the volume. The invention optimizes the audio signal sent from the forward selection, and the sound source selection for the source of the ambient to collect an audio signal, thereby improving the collecting effect of the speech signal of the terminal.


Recycling Realities and the Glass Container: New Technologies and Trends, N. Roy Post-Consumer Plastics Recycling, S.K. Adams and J.C. Even Practical and Legal Problems Relating to Proper Disposal of Hazardous Household Chemicals/Waste, R. Del Delumyea Household Hazardous Material: The Evolution of State Initiatives, J.D. Sulzberg Composting: Programs, Process and Product, L. Hitchens and R.M. Kashmanian Scrap Tire-Derived Fuel: Markets and Issues, M.H. Blumenthal The Use of Scrap Tires in Cement Rotary Kilns, M.H. Blumenthal and E.C. Weatherhead Ground Rubber and Civil Engineering Markets for Scrap Tires, J. Serumgard The State-of-the-Art in Municipal Solid Waste Combustion in the United States, J.V.L. Kiser The Role of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in a Small Community, R.W. Hartley, K. Morrison, and M.A.R. Cone Air Emissions of Mercury and Dioxin: Sources and Human Exposure, C.C. Travis and B. Blaylock Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Ash: State-of-the-Knowledge, C.C. Wiles Construction Quality Assurance/Quality Control for Landfills, D.E. Daniel and R.M. Koerner Cover Systems for Waste Management Facilities, R.E. Landreth Design of Subtitle D and Subtitle C Landfill Containment Systems, R.M. Koerner Index


Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) plays a key role in C 4 photosynthetic pathway. The enzymatic reaction is one of the rate-limiting steps of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. In this paper, the gene encoding Echinochloa pyruvate orthosphate dikinase (GenBank accession number: AB289641) was introduced into H65, a upland rice variety, using an Agrobacterium-mediated system. Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization and enzyme activity determination all confirmed the effective expression of Echinochloa C4 type PPDK in upland rice with the enzyme activity being elevated 1 - 11 folds. However, no appreciable change demonstrated in carbon assimilation of the transgenic upland rice though increased photoinhibition was noted under high light intensity.


A theoretical description of shallow donor absorption spectra in CdF2 in the infrared region is given. The properties of the stable (Y) and bistable (In) donors are analyzed and quantatively described. It is shown that the bistability of donors and the shape of the infrared absorption band have the same origin, which is the combined effect of electron-LO-phonon coupling, conduction band non-parabolicity and short-range central-cell potential.


The amplitude for elastic scattering of electrons by an asymmetrical two-level system (TLS) is shown to be proportional to the average TLS dipole moment, which increases on cooling. It is suggested that this may account for the increase in electrical resistance observed in metallic glasses at low temperatures.


Given a long dialogue, the dialogue summarization system aims to obtain a shorter highlight which retains the important information in the original text. For the customer service scenarios, the summaries of most dialogues between an agent and a user focus on several fixed key points, such as users' question, users' purpose, the agent's solution, and so on. Traditional extractive methods are difficult to extract all predefined key points exactly. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale and high-quality extractive summarization datasets containing the annotation for key points. Moreover, the speaker's role information is ignored or not fully utilized in previous work. In order to solve the above challenges, we propose a Distant Supervision based Machine Reading Comprehension model for extractive Summarization (DSMRC-S). DSMRC-S transforms the summarization task into the machine reading comprehension problem, to fetch key points from the original text exactly according to the predefined questions. In addition, a distant supervision method is proposed to alleviate the lack of eligible extractive summarization datasets. What's more, a speaker's role token and the solver classification task are proposed to make full use of speaker's role information. We conduct experiments on a real-world summarization dataset collected in customer service scenarios, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the strong baseline methods by 6 percentage points on ROUGE$_L$.


One feature consistently found in various aspects of Cheong Yagyong's thought and activities is his "pragmatic" attitude. Many of his proposals for political and social reforms show his great concern for practical utility. But such a pragmatic character was evident also in his attitude toward many...


Depleting fossil fuel resources and climate crises due to greenhouse gas emissions have urged people to adopt new sources of power and energy. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is an effective way to produce green hydrogen as a substitute for fossil fuels. By building a two-dimensional (2D) model via COMSOL software, we simulate the operation of a single AWE cell, accounting for both liquid and gas phases. Polarization curves are utilized to evaluate the changes of energy consumption and hydrogen productions when varying temperature, diaphragm distance, and electrolyte weight concentration. Given these results, we further optimize the operating conditions as parameters for the alkaline water electrolysis to maximize hydrogen production.


This paper presents the design process of a 4x4 Laboratory Borehole Storage (LABS) model through analytical and numerical analyses. This LABS isintended to generate reference Thermal Response Funct ...


It has been assumed that physically attractive others are inevitably and universally preferred in interpersonal decision making, but empirical results have been mixed. The present research, drawing...


patients was 1.7 (n = 43, range of 1–5). Of the inappropriate C-reactive protein tests carried out, 76% (n = 19) were carried out on admission to hospital, with the remaining 24% (n = 6) requested during the remainder of the inpatient stay. The Emergency Department was responsible for 48% (n = 12) of requested tests with the ENT department being responsible for the remainder (52%). As a result of this audit, the requesting of appropriate and clinically indicated investigations has been emphasised in the mandatory induction material provided to doctors when joining the ENT department. The Emergency Department has also been notified and educated. That way, significant cost savings will be possible as well as a reduction in the workload of an already overstretched laboratory department. It is likely that many patients entering ENT units across the country have a number of unnecessary investigations, and highlighting this issue will help reduce hospital costs throughout the UK and beyond. Conflict of interest


The use of Software Product Line for the development of Assistive Technologies has not been widely explored yet. However, some studies point to the viability of using this approach to develop Assistive Technology software. Through this approach, important limiting factors to use Assistive Technologies can be overcome. These factors are related to the acquisition costs and difficulty to find products corresponding to specific and varying user needs. Considering that Software Product Line approach provides mass customization of software products, the specific needs of each user can be more easily satisfied by software developers. Furthermore, the reuse of code artifacts to development provides a fall in the acquisition cost of these software products. We present in this paper a literature review that aims to investigate how this approach has been applied to the development of Assistive Technology software. Also, we present some quality factors that should be considered to develop Assistive Technologies using Software Product Lines. Thus, the main findings of the review are grouped in order to find the main gaps to be explored in future work.


: The article analyzes the second mining's technique and economy of old diggings; and introduce the method and practice of two diggings; one is Chinese and the other is oversea.


the Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (Stattersfield et al. 1998) and, despite the lack of knowledge of this country's biodiversity, it has long been designated as a global 'hotspot' for biodiversity. Recent observations would appear to confirm this, especially with regard to its birds. Bhutan's forests are still relatively pristine and consequently have become a priority area for conservation. They probably offer the best and, sadly, the final realistic opportunity for long-term protection of the Eastern Himalayan fauna and flora. Bhutan has, relative to neighbouring areas, a low, albeit growing human population. This factor, plus, until recently, its inaccessibility and consequent lack of development has resulted in the kingdom still supporting 67% of its original forest area. As a consequence, Bhutan provides an internationally significant refuge for a number of threatened species, as well as supporting internationally significant breeding populations of at least 114 species of birds (Inskipp and Inskipp 1993b). However, as Inskipp and Inskipp point out, baseline data are lacking for the birds of Bhutan. The recent easing of access to the country has resulted in a spate of observations of birds, including the recent addition of c. 80 species (Clements 1992, Inskipp and Inskipp 1993a, 1993b, Ali et al. 1996, Tymstra et al. 1996). The observations documented here continue this accumulation of Bhutan bird records, including records of 16 globally threatened or near-threatened species (Collar et al. 1994). In the course of leading five birding tours (on behalf of Victor Emanuel Nature Tours), each of approximately 21 days duration, plus two ancillary private treks, I annually traversed the kingdom from west to east (1994– 1998). During these visits a large number of bird observations were accumulated, including the following preliminary notes of specific interest. Field notes, together with many hours of sound recordings of vocalizations in support of the identification of the species enumerated below, are held by the author and are available upon request. Most observations were made from the paved road that bisects Bhutan from Phuntsholing in the southwest, north to Paro and Thimphu, east to Tashigang and south to Samdrup Jongkhar. Regular forays were made along spur roads to Cheri Monastery, Tashitang and Punakha and the Phobjikha Valley. Additional, short, forays were made along associated walking tracks such as on the east slope of Dochu La and along the road from Ura to Lingmethang (=Limithang). Despite this being a paved road one encounters very little vehicle traffic east of Tongsa, until one reaches the relatively Preliminary notes on some birds in Bhutan


The invention discloses a multi-cell combination system SOC estimating method and a related apparatus. The method is used for calculating electric quantity information of multiple cells in a multi-cell combination system according to the serial-connection/parallel-connection combination means of the cells so as to acquire system SOC. The multi-cell combination system SOC estimating precision is improved. The method further comprises the step of acquiring the electric quantity information of each cell. Calculation of multiple electric quantities is performed according to the serial-connection/parallel-connection combination means of the cells to get the system SOC.


Marketing performance is a measure of achievement obtained from the overall marketing process activities of a company or organization. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of market orientation on marketing performance, effect of market orientation on competitive advantage, the effect of competitive advantage on marketing performance, and role of competitive advantage in mediating the effect of market orientation on marketing performance in UKM Batu Bata in Tulikup, Gianyar. The number of samples are 70 with non probality sampling method. Data collection through interviews and observations. The analysis technique used is Path Analysis. Based on the results, market orientation has a positive effect on the marketing performance, competitive advantage has a positive effect on the marketing performance and competitive advantage reduces the influence of market orientation on the marketing performance.
Keywords: market orientation, competitive advantage, marketing performance