The aerofoils which allow for the flow at a broader range of angles have a more significant impact on the power generation from the turbine. The conception and examination for the aerofoil geometry have been executed in the current work to evaluate the behaviour of the flow in terms of the velocity and pressure lineation. The work is intended to focus on analysing the flow behaviour along the surface of the aerofoil geometry. The aerofoil geometries are opted to be of new aerofoil type of NACA 8412 series. The aerofoil geometry was analysed for a constant angle of attack along the total length. This evaluation was done for the angle of attack ranging from 0° to 20° with 5° interval for each model. The inlet velocity for the flow along the surface of the aerofoil geometry was taken varied from 7.5 m/s to 10 m/s with 0.5 m/s interval for each model. The plot points for the geometries are generated using the Auto CAD for different angles. The further simulations and evaluations were executed using the Ansys Fluent software. On evaluating and considering the variable conditions, the optimum values are obtained for the aerofoil at 15° angle of inclination at an inlet velocity of 9 m/s. The software generated results when compared to the regression data generated ascertained to be in a good correlation with each other.


The theoretical design of transparent materials for use as photoresist materials for F2 lithography (157 nm) requires molecular orbital calculations of the photoabsorption of molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. To predict photoabsorption, this study employed ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the level of single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) combined with an empirical correction to the calculated peak position. This method was used to calculate the photoabsorption spectra of various functional groups, such as alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid and ester groups, as well as several polymers and alicyclic groups. On the basis of the calculation results, the applicability of these functional groups to photoresists for F2 lithography is discussed.


In college English teaching,arts students are of a special group characterized by being imaginative and active,but most of them are poor in English.According to the characteristics of arts students,in this paper the author recommends and puts forward some measures to improve college English teaching for arts students.


TheTnlO-like constitutively expressed tetracycline resistance determinant froma Haemophilus parainfluenzae strain was cloned inEscherichia coli. Toxicity resulting fromexpression on multicopy plasmids necessitated itsbeing cloned on alow-copy plasmid vector orincellscontaining theTnlO-encoded repressor. Constitutive expression oftetracycline resistance was foundtoresult fromthesynthesis ofatruncated inactive repressormolecule. Instead ofthe23-kilodalton repressorfoundinotherTnlO-containing strains, this determinant encoded a 14.5-kilodalton molecule. TheDNA sequenceofthe700-base-pair region spanning the repressorgeneandpromoter-operator regions oftheHaemophilus determinant was identical tothatofthesame region ofTnlO,except fortheabsence ofa single T-A basepairintherepressor gene.Thisdeletion leads to premature termination oftheprotein. Antisera totherepressorsuggested thattherepressor was alsoabsent ina secondindependently isolated H.parainfluenzae strain bearing a TnlO-like constitutive tetracycline resistance determinant. Transferable tetracycline resistance in different Haemophilus species hasbeenlinked toTnJO-like resistance determinants inover35different isolates fromall parts ofthe world(14). Incontrast tothenegatively regulated resistance on theTnJOelement inenteric bacteria (11), theresistance foundinallHaemophilus strains showsconstitutive expressioninHaemophilus spp.andinEscherichia coliwhen introduced byconjugation (12). Thesefindings suggested the dissemination ofa particular variant ofTnJOthrough Haemophilus spp.Inthree separate Haemophilus parainfluenzaeisolates, expressionofresistance canberepressed byan intact TnJO-coded repressormolecule presentinthesame cell(12). Moreover, fromhybridization andheteroduplex data, theentire repressorsequenceappearstobepresent (12). Tounderstand thebasis fortheconstitutive synthesis of tetracycline resistance inHaemophilus spp.,we cloned one ofthetetracycline resistance determinants fromH. parainfluenzae andexamined itsDNA sequenceandexpressionoftheTET repressor.Ouranalysis showedthatthe operator-promoter regions forthisdeterminant were like thoseofTnJO;however, therepressorsequence lacked a thymidine presentinthewild-type-regulated TnJO.This mutation caused theprotein tobeprematurely terminated, leading toexpression ofa smaller (14.5 kilodalton [kDa]) repressormolecule. Usingantisera totherepressor,we failed todetect repressormolecules inE.coli strains bearing theHaemophilus resistance determinant. Thefindings confirmthehomology between TnJOinmembersofthefamily Enterobacteriaceae andtheTnJOelement now foundin Haemophilus spp.


In 1978, Hartmanis conjectured that there exist no sparse complete sets for P under logspace many-one reductions. In this paper, in support of the conjecture, it is shown that if P has sparse hard sets under logspace many-one reductions, then P is a subset of DSPACE[log^2 n].


Analytical models for the estimation of nonlinearity-caused impairments enable effective maximisation of total data throughput. We demonstrate a 3 times improvement in per-channel mutual information when data is redistributed from the L-band to the S-band.


Photograph of a T&P freight office. Written below the image are "[sic] T&P Freight Office -(1915-16 era)" and "Don Watson Collection."


Identification of themes and concerns associated with establishing your own business among students is crucial to improving the teaching of the subject: "Entrepreneurship". The study clearly shows that the desire to run their own business are great. According to the research survey results, over 65% of students seriously considered taking that risk. The study clearly shows that the desire to set up their own business is great. For all respondents financial assistance was identified as an important motivating factor. Finances needed to start their own businesses, are also a major negative factor. In second place was indicated counseling, both in the form of courses, training and business support advisers (mostly practitioners). These two factors, as the most awaited by potential entrepreneurs, should be widely implemented and improved.


Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) having focused target along with advanced and persistent attacking skills under great concealment is a new trend followed for cyber-attacks. Threat intelligence helps in detecting and preventing APT by collecting a host of data and analyzing malicious behavior through efficient data sharing and guaranteeing the safety and quality of information exchange. For better protection, controlled access to intelligence information and a grading standard to revise the criteria in diagnosis for a security breach is needed. This paper analyses a threat intelligence sharing community model and proposes an improvement to increase the efficiency of sharing by rethinking the size and composition of a sharing community. Based on various external environment variables, it filters the low-quality shared intelligence by grading the trust level of a community member and the quality of a piece of intelligence. We hope that this research can fill in some security gaps to help organizations make a better decision in handling the ever-increasing and continually changing cyber-attacks.


Through the analysis of the town planning conditions not only the urban centre of Mocoa but also the settlements of victim population of armed conflict, it is evidenced a great lacking of its urban plannification. In addition, it is noticeable the lack of interest of government bodies in giving integral solutions to this population, lefting them in high grade of vulnerability (natural physical and social). The examples of risk levels which present the population are evident and to some extent quantifiable factors because they affect social fabric generated inside the communities. It happens mainly because they do not have the required physical infrastructure to fulfill the minimal demand of their social dinamics, in this way people are vulnerable of being re – victimized for lacking of technical approach which allow them to give a relevant solution in the relocation of this population. With the aim to set out a model of urban development which answer to the social and cultural needs of Villa Rosas I, II settlements, it was developed a characterization and analysis of other three populated areas with rural and suburban characteristics. The objective of this characterization was to recognize their weaknesses and strengths in order to analyze, understand and suggest a plan of development which allows Villa Rosas community the appropriation and meaning of area as elements that encourage the strengthening of the fabric of society by means of resilience.


This talk will sketch an algorithmic approach to the dynamics of living systems. Our working models consist of entropy-producing dissipative dynamic networks driven by a supply of free energy. They can be found in opinion dynamics, synchronization systems, and in many evolutionary contexts. The main challenge posed by these "natural algorithms" is the dearth of analytical tools currently at our disposal. The focus of our work has been on building a new theory of endogenously-driven dynamic networks rich enough to allow for the renormalization of large-scale systems. The main novelty of our approach to dynamical systems is to make algorithms the centerpiece of the analysis.


This paper gave an outline of thoughts and practices for modern forestry development,indicating the responsibility and historical task of ecological culture construction.Industrial thoughts should be used for the design of forest development,emphasizing the forest management and application and developing the leading corporations,to build up more exoteric forestry.To improve the industrial forestry management,the innovation and technology should be dependent,following the basic rules and policies which concentrating on the industrialization of ecological management aimed to forest economic province.


The inducer is often used to prevent cavitation in a centrifugal pump. However, it may lead to deterioration of the cavitation performance of the pump when poorly matched with the impeller. Numerical simulations are employed to study the effects of the matching, specifically, the axial space and the circumferential deflection between the inducer and the impeller, on the cavitation performance. The results show that the inducer destroys the rotational symmetry of the velocity distribution at the inlet of the impeller, resulting in the influence of cavitation on the part of the channels in advance, which explains why the inducer cannot improve the cavitation performance even though it improves the inlet energy of the impeller. On the basis of not changing the geometric shape of the inducer and the impeller, the suction-specific speed is increased by nearly 300 by only adjusting the axial space and by nearly 100 by only adjusting the circumferential deflection. The cavitation performance is better with a larger axial space. There is an optimal value of the circumferential deflection at which the pump works at the best cavitation performance. The effect of the axial space on the overall cavitation performance is more significant than that of the circumferential deflection. The results provide a useful reference for the design and installation of a centrifugal pump inducer.


Thank you very much for downloading seventeenth century french drama. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this seventeenth century french drama, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their computer. seventeenth century french drama is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the seventeenth century french drama is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Background The objective of this randomized, prospective and controlled study was to investigate the ability of a closed-system transfer device (CSTD; BD-Phaseal) to reduce the occupational exposure of two isolators to 10 cytotoxic drugs and compare to standard compounding devices. Methods and Findings The 6-month study started with the opening of a new compounding unit. Two isolators were set up with 2 workstations each, one to compound with standard devices (needles and spikes) and the other using the Phaseal system. Drugs were alternatively compounded in each isolator. Sampling involved wiping three surfaces (gloves, window, worktop), before and after a cleaning process. Exposure to ten antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dacarbazine, 5-FU, methotrexate, gemcitabine, cytarabine, irinotecan, doxorubicine and ganciclovir) was assessed on wipes by LC-MS/MS analysis. Contamination rates were compared using a Chi2 test and drug amounts by a Mann-Whitney test. Significance was defined for p<0.05. Overall contamination was lower in the "Phaseal" isolator than in the "Standard" isolator (12.24% vs. 26.39%; p < 0.0001) although it differed according to drug. Indeed, the contamination rates of gemcitabine were 49.3 and 43.4% (NS) for the Standard and Phaseal isolators, respectively, whereas for ganciclovir, they were 54.2 and 2.8% (p<0.0001). Gemcitabine amounts were 220.6 and 283.6 ng for the Standard and Phaseal isolators (NS), and ganciclovir amounts were 179.9 and 2.4 ng (p<0.0001). Conclusion This study confirms that using a CSTD may significantly decrease the chemical contamination of barrier isolators compared to standard devices for some drugs, although it does not eliminate contamination totally.


Objective
To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its relationship with central corneal thickness (CCT) in healthy people.

Methods
Participants included 1 715 persons undergoing health check-up during January 1 to December 31, 2018. They were enrolled according to the randomized digital table into this investigation by simple random sampling method; 879(51%) persons were male with an average age of 48.0±13.6 and 836 (49%) persons were female with an average age of 48.0±12.7. Participants were divided into different groups according to ten-year intervals. Each personal data, IOP and CCT were obtained; IOP was obtained by non-contact tonometer and CCT was obtained by optic coherence tomography. The data were analyzed by SPSS 25 statistical software.

Results
The average IOP in this study was 15.04±3.08 mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa) and the average CCT was 535.01±31.76 μm. The average IOP of each group showed an increase with age, and in the 50-59 years group it reached the highest level (15.47±3.11 mmHg), after which, it decreased again. The average CCT values in all groups decreased with ageing and the highest level was in the 18-30 years group (540±32.68 μm). The average IOP and CCT in males was higher than that in females. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders such as age and gender implied that CCT is positively related to IOP (P<0.01). The IOP appeared to increase by 0.044 mmHg with the increase of every 1 mm of CCT (95%CI: 0.040~0.048,P<0.01).

Conclusion
IOP is closely related to CCT. More attention should be paid to CCT during the measurement of IOP to avoid misjudgment of a higher IOP for a higher CCT value as a pathological IOP or a pathological IOP among normal statistical range as a normal one, otherwise an opportunity for good treatment may be lost.


The embodiment of the invention provides an object selection method and a terminal. According to the embodiment of the invention, the terminal acquires the track input of a user through input equipment of the terminal, if the distance between the starting point and the end point of the track is less than or equal to the pre-set distance threshold, the terminal can select objects in a region surrounded by the track, and as the region surrounded by the track can contain a plurality of objects, the terminal can select a plurality of objects through one track input through the terminal. The operation is simple, the accuracy is high, and accordingly, the efficiency and the reliability in object selection are improved.


In transparent optical networks with no regeneration, the problem of capacity allocation to traffic demands is called "Routing and Wavelength Assignment". Much work on this topic recently has focused on the dynamic case, whereby demands arrive and must be served in real-time. In addition, due to lack of regeneration, physical impairments accumulate as light propagates and QoT may become inappropriate (e.g., too high Bit Error Rate). Considering the physical layer impairments in the network planning phase gives rise to a class of RWA algorithms: offline Physical Layer Impairment Aware- (PLIA-)RWA. This paper makes a survey of such algorithms, proposes a taxonomy, and a comparison between these algorithms for common metrics. We also propose a novel offline PLIA-RWA algorithm, called POLIO-RWA, and show through simulations that it decreases blocking rate compared with other PLIA-RWA algorithms.


In order to achieve a wide bandwidth characteristic of high gain, high efficiency and low side lobe level, a plate-laminated-waveguide corporate-feed 45-degree linearly-polarized aperture array antenna is proposed. A 4-element sub-array is designed for a 256-element array. The 256-element array is fabricated by diffusion bonding of etched thin copper plates in the 60 GHz-band. About 70 % antenna efficiency with more than 32 dBi is achieved over 5 GHz.


University teachers begin to employ information technology into teaching activities. This paper tries to study the effects of information technology adoption on effectiveness of performance and learning output of students. The author bravely introduces experiments which is typically used in the study of economics in teaching research. The author chose sophomore in International Economic & Trade School from Jilin University of Finance and Economics as experimental targets. One group is put into the traditional teacher-oriented classroom; the other is in technology-enhanced teaching environment, as test group and control group respectively. Data has been collected via the platform of Mosoteach app. from 3 aspects: attendance, performance and learning output. Simultaneously, questionnaire, interview and deep interview have been adopted to enrich and supplement the experiment. The experimental results show positive correlation between information technology adoption and Learning output. This paper provides home-web-campus 3-d teaching model to extend teaching activities outside classroom, makes smart teaching effective and contributes to the creation of "Golden Class". Introduction The Chinese government has been striving to further improve its business education system by adopting elements from countries around the world by seeking to create a blend of Eastern and Western education systems. Our Chinese students are hard-working, persistent, and deep thinkers while western education system creates independent thinkers and good communicators who are open to ask questions. But with the fast growing development of internet and smartphone, students are addicted to smartphone, they always have them in class, some educators start to think about how to use smartphone in classroom teaching. Although cellphone technology is being used in business classrooms there has been no proper scientific study to test improvement in learning outcomes, especially in problem solving ability. Methodology This paper has firstly introduced experiments which are popular in the study of economics into the research of teaching reform in methods and models. Experimental economics is the application of experimental methods to study economic questions. Data collected in experiments are used to estimate effect size, test the validity of economic theories, and illuminate market mechanisms. This paper also circulate questionnaire to the target students to collect information and data. Based on these data, interview will be conducted at the same time, and then deep interview will be followed on more interesting and more challenging parts. Experiments design School of International Economic and Trade from Jilin University of Finance and Economics is our experiment target, the author has obtained the permission and support from colleague to run tests on students with test group doing lessons of International Trade Practice without any technology—that is they have learned out of textbooks and teachers only. This is the control group. The students from the


Under the selection pressure of crude toxin filtration, three kinds of treatment methods and four kinds of phytotoxin concentrations were used to screen the blast-resistant callus phenylalanine. The result indicated that the crude toxin filtration inhibited evidently the callus induction, subculture and differentiation, with the increasing of the toxin concentration, the inhibiting getting enhanced. The crude toxin adding to the induction and differentiation media were better than other methods. The callus through the screening of the crude toxin had higher PAL and POD activity, and showed pew POD isoenzyme bands.


Steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels provides one possible solution for the production of hydrogen for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, the design of the reformer is dependent on the kinetics of the catalytic reaction, which is not widely reported. Because reforming is highly endothermic, we have investigated the use of a heat exchange device, designated the flexible fuel reformer (FFR), as a reactor in which combustion and reforming can be simultaneously accomplished. In the present study, we evaluated the reforming and combustion kinetics of n-hexadecane (used as an analog for diesel) over the rhodium/nickel catalyst supported on alumina. Reforming data obtained over the temperature range of 500−750 °C was compared against three different mechanistic models: Eley−Rideal, Langmuir−Hinshelwood bimolecular adsorption, and Langmuir−Hinshelwood dual site. Among all, Eley−Rideal produced good data fitting and fulfilled the thermodynamic criteria in every case. Combustion kinetics of hexadecane ...


Globalization increasingly highlights the need to understand cultural differences worldwide. This is particularly relevant to Information Systems (IS) professionals who, by the very nature of their job, participate in the development of systems that transcend cultural barriers. It also means that organizations have to formulate corporate IS human resources policies that take into account the different expectations and motivational patterns of IS staff worldwide. At the same time, the changing role of IS from support to driver in organizational strategies brings with it a need for a different set of skills in the IS profession. This has been described as the "IS paradigm shift†and implies that the IS professional of the future may need to be more focused on the business rather than technical processes. The effective deployment of IS staff has long been an issue of concern coupled with the scarcity of IS professionals in many developing countries. The impact is felt not only by the organizations themselves but also by academic institutions that are charged with preparing IS professionals to enter the real world and make a substantive contribution to global developments. This article reports on a cross-cultural study that addresses some of these issues. The study examines the expectations of graduating IS professionals with the reality of the IS profession as perceived through the eyes of past graduates. Hong Kong (HK) based IS professionals are compared at both stages of the study against their United States (US) counterparts. Not only is there a severe mismatch between the expectations and their realization but significant differences exist between the two cultures. These results have a number of implications for IS personnel policies and for IS education worldwide.


With the constant upgrading of agricultural modernization of tea-planting areas of western Sichuan,China,tea culture promotion and environmental protection are being overlooked.The serious loss of cultural features of tea-planting region has seriously hindered the development of the tertiary industry in western Sichuan.Given the existing problems,this paper explores the feasibility of eco-environment and culture protection of tea-planting areas,and proposes a set of workable frameworks for preserving local tea cultures.The validity of the framework proposed has been demonstrated in the town planning of Chengjia,one of the most important tea-planting towns in China.It's expected that it will provide practical reference for the tea culture protection planning programs in west Sichuan.


The randomicity of fractures' shape(fracture orientation,dip,trace length,width,and spacing) and distribution are considered,and Monte Carlo technique is adopted to develop a code RFNM. By RFNM,not only the virtual fractured rock mass,in which the structure information of fractures is described and the real engineering rock mass is represented,can be generated,but also the fractured rock mass model can be discretized and then combined with numerical methods to solve practical engineering problems. Therefore,the virtual fractured rock mass with random fracture networks is in fact one digital fractured rock mass model. In addition,FEM is adopted to develop the GeoCAAS(geo-engineering computer aided analysis system) code. The mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rock mass are studied by numerical tests. The results provide the evolutionary laws of deformation modulus and permeability with the increase of fracture trace length. Furthermore,the relationship between deformation modulus and permeability is discussed.


Background: There is growing evidence suggesting involvement of L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCCs) in purinergic sig-naling mechanisms. However, detailed interplay between VGCCs and P2X receptors in intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization is not well understood. This study examined relative contribution of the Ca 2+ entry mechanisms and induced by this entry Ca 2+ release from the intracellular stores engaged by activation of P2X receptors in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the guinea-pig small mesenteric arteries. Methods: P2X receptors were stimulated by the brief local application of ab-meATP and changes in [Ca 2+ ] i were monitored in fluo-3 loaded SMCs using fast x-y confocal Ca 2+ imaging. The effects of the block of L-type VGCCs and/or depletion of the intracel-lularrCa 2+ storesson ab-meATP-inducedd[Ca 2+ ] i transientsswereeanalyzed. Results: Our analysis revealed that Ca 2+ entry via L-type VGCCs is augmented by the Ca 2+-induced Ca 2+ release significantly more thannCa 2+ entry via P2XXreceptors,,evennthoughhnettCa 2+


Writing in second language is demanding that leads learners to make errors in their performance. Fortunately, the view of error has changed into a way of understanding second language acquisition and its practice. Error analysis is an approach of SLA to learn the errors made by the second language learners. However, knowing the errors made is not enough, therefore, it is important to see the factors beyond the errors. This present study aims at knowing what writing errors the learners make and what the most common error occurs are. Furthermore, this study explored what factor lies beyond those errors. Through mixed method design as well as Error Analysis (EA) approach, this study was conducted in one learning course in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Through this study, it was revealed that omission was the type of error mostly made. Furthermore, intralingual and interlingual factors were the ones beyond the errors. It is expected that this study will contribute to the knowledge and practice on the fields of not only Second Language Acquisition (SLA) but also English Language Teaching (ELT) involving teachers and students.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on enhancing the flower quality of a selected Dendrobium cultivar at the mid country wet zone, Sri Lanka. The sole and combination effects of Gibberellic Acid3 (GA3), 6-Benzylaminopurine (6BAP) hormones and the effect of drench and spray modes of application were tested. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and each treatment contained five replicates and five plants per replicate. Data on average sepal, petal and labellum lengths and widths and area of the flower were collected on the fourth day after full blooming. Time taken for blooming was counted when the flower bud reached 3 mm diameter to the full blooming stage. Sole application of 125 mg/L GA3 and the combination of 125 mg/L GA3 + 200 mg/L 6BAP were able to reduce the days taken for blooming. Length to width ratio of petal, sepal, and labellum was minimum at 200 mg/L 6BAP and it enhanced the visual appearance. Sole application of 125 mg/L GA3 increased petal, sepal, and labellum lengths, whereas 200 mg/L 6BAP increased the petal, sepal, and labellum widths and area of the flower. Among the modes of applications tested for 200 mg/L 6BAP, spraying was found better than drenching. Study results conclude that spraying 125 mg/L GA3 can be used to achieve early blooming. The area of the flower, petal, sepal, and labellum sizes can be manipulated according to the flower characters and market demand.


Parallel optical interconnections allow for a substantial improvement in the capacity of systems associating an high bit-rate for each channel with a consistent reduction in the number of cables needed for interconnecting different system parts, such as boards or cabinets. We constructed a 10 channel parallel optical transmitter with 12.5 Gbit/s total bit-rate. The silicon CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) laser driver Integrated Circuit (IC), completely designed in CSELT, allows for low power consumption and low-cost even at the high bit-rate achieved with this device. The module as a metal package pigtailed with a 50/125 mm fibre ribbon with standard MPO/sup TM//MTP/sup TM/ push-pull multifibre connector. The laser array is a low threshold edge emitting Fabry-Perot commercial device with /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m, which makes it suitable for the fibres used in the telecom networks. During thorough lab tests the module has been operated up to 1.25 Gbit/s/ch with a good performance in terms of BER (Bit Error Ratio) characteristic, better than 10/sup 14/, with a power budget of more than 10 dB and an overall power consumption of 1.3 W. The interconnection distance has been proven to be more than 500 m with a residual power margin of 4 dB with satisfactory BER figures.


Bis(2'-hydroxychalconato)copper(lI) reacts with p-monoamines and ethylenediamine to form schiff base complexes of the type ML2 where Lis N-R-2'-hydroxychalconeimine (R = H, CH3, Et, II-Pr, II-Bu, CHz -). The Cu(ll) complexes are also obtained from the preformed schiff bases by amine-exchange and template reactions and by reaction in situ. Extensive conjugation ofC =0in the chalcone complex facilitates the attack of the amines. On the other hand, extensive conjugation ofC =N in the imine complex (R =H) does not facilitate the amine exchange. The structure and nature of bonding in the complexes have been established with the help of elemental analyses, thermal studies, magnetic measurements and ligand field and infrared spectra. All the Cu(11) bis-chelates are monomeric and possess trans-square planar structure. The corresponding nickel complexes possess associated pseudooctahedral structure and cobalt complexes tetrahedral configuration. All the ethylenediamine derivatives exhibit cis-square planar geometry. The tendency of these complexes to form pyridine adducts is affected by the nature of R group. IR studies reveal that conjugation is damped in the chalconeirnines resulting in a relatively weak IigandIield strength. Only "Cu 0 and "Cu N are affected by the R substituent; vC = N and "Ph C = C remain almost constant.


Motivated by recent experimental determinations of step energies on the high-temperature 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 reconstructed phase of Si(111), we have calculated step and step-step interaction energies using empirical potentials. Two distinct configurations of atoms along the step edge are plausible: configurations with atoms on the upper terrace that could rebond with atoms on the lower terrace and others without these atoms. By considering two different empirical potentials, only one of which allows this rebonding, we show that the rebonding gives rise to a behavior inconsistent with experiments probing step-step interactions. For configurations without the rebonding the step-step interaction coefficient is in the range 0.00\char21{}0.39 eV \AA{}, roughly agreeing with the experimental estimate of approximately 0.15 eV \AA{}. With the rebonding, however, the step-step interaction coefficient for the [1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} 1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}2] steps is 4.5 eV \AA{}, much larger than the experimental estimate. This suggests that rebonding does not occur. Kink energies are also calculated from the orientational dependence of the step energies and compared with experiment. These calculations shows that kink-kink interactions are negligible although there are significant corner energies.


The blown-up theory and the construction forecast of the V-3θ chart are used to analyze and verify the typhoon rainstorm of the last flood season in South China. The good estimate result of the intension and the fall point in the typhoon rainstorm are obtained.


The relationship between the input stress and the output flux density of the giant magnetostrictive devices exhibits hys- teretic nonlinearity.A hysteretic model of a giant magnetostrictive device for magnetic force control is established based on the Jiles-Atherton model,the law of approach for the magnetomechanical effect and the magnetic circuit law.Experimental results show that the proposed model can better describe the hysteretic relationship among the input stress,the output flux density and magnetic force for the device under varying stress and constant bias magnetic field.The model can also predict the effect of the bias magnetic field on the output performance of the device.Therefore,the proposed model has important guiding significance for design and analysis of the devices.


The paper tackles the problem of linguistic synaesthesia, or synaesthetic transfers between different zones of sensory experience. It employs corpus linguistics methods to analyze the ability of sensory adjectives to produce meanings in other sensory modalities. This research targets the Russian and Italian languages testing the models suggested previously and comparing the results for each language. More precise corpus linguistics methods and factor analysis are employed. In addition, this article suggests a new synaesthetic transfer classification.


The present study is concerned with the liquid tank sloshing at low filling level conditions. The volume of fluid method implemented in a Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is employed to handle the free-surface flow of liquid sloshing. A geometric reconstruction scheme for the interface representation is employed to ensure sharpness at the free-surface. The governing equations are discretized by second order accurate schemes on unstructured grids. Several different computational approaches are verified and numerical uncertainties are assessed. The computational results are validated against existing experimental data, showing good agreement. The capability is demonstrated for a generic membrane type LNG carrier tank with a simplified pump tower inside. The validation results suggest that the present computational approach is both easy to apply and accurate enough for more realistic problems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


To honor the centenary of the birth of Jacques Maritain, the Cahiers Jacques Maritain, in the issue of November 1982, published a series of tributes to the famous Christian philosopher from friends and impor? tant personages throughout the world. In the midst of all these souvenirs and eulogies appeared a short text by Maritain himself which had never before appeared in print. The text was entitled "A Society Without Money, the Only Truly Radical Revolution." It was the very last text he wrote, completed on the eve of his death, "at the cost of a vast and fearful effort," "not only of his imagination," as he says, but also of his poor, fragile body. He knew his end was near. He had received the last sacrament more than a week before. On that day he lost consciousness for more than a half hour, and when he came to he went back to his work as if nothing had happened. From then on someone had to be with him at all times to help him when he moved. Four days before his death he had suffered a serious fall and bore an ugly bruise above his left eye. He could no longer rise from his bed without help. On the day of his death one of the Little Brothers of Jesus, in whose community Maritain had made his profession, wrote that "he continued to work until yester? day evening seated in his armchair, carefully seeking his words with that courage we know so well in him. . . . We all found him a little better, but he himself felt very, very tired." What he was writing and complet? ing that day was "A Society Without Money." He must have felt a particular urgency to put down in more specific detail his idea of that "third way, beyond both capitalism and socialism," of which he had spoken so often (in general terms) throughout his life. Though this text appears to be an original draft which Maritain had no time to show to anyone or to revise in any way, it is an historically important document for two reasons. First, because it indicates the importance of this subject for Maritain himself. It is a subject which "haunted" him from the time he first broached it in 1930 until his death, even in those years when he resolved to leave the public arena (in which he had struggled so long and so fruitfully) in order to devote himself completely to the life of prayer and contemplation he had so


The physics regulating star formation (SF) in Hickson Compact Groups (HCG) has thus far been difficult to describe, due to their unique kinematic properties. In this study, we expand upon previous works to devise a more physically meaningful SF relation able to better encompass the physics of these unique systems. We combine CO(1–0) data from the Combined Array from Research in Millimeter Astronomy to trace the column density of molecular gas and deep Hα imaging taken on the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope tracing to investigate SF efficiency across face-on HCG, NGC 7674. We find a lack of universality in SF, with two distinct sequences present in the – plane; one for inside and one for outside the nucleus. We devise an SF relation based on the multi-freefall nature of gas and the critical density, which itself is dependent on the virial parameter , the ratio of turbulent to gravitational energy. We find that our modified SF relation fits the data and describes the physics of this system well with the introduction of a virial parameter of about 5–10 across the galaxy. This leads to an order-of-magnitude reduction in SFR compared to systems.


In this paper we report on the progress achieved within the framework of the joint ESA KNMI NIVR Calibration and Validation Announcement of Opportunity for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aboard the NASA EOS Aura satellite. This OMI AO effort has rendered a wealth of validation results and scientific insights. Herein this contribution only a selection of the validation results is presented.


Lawrence, in Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), reflects the post-war modern British society which condemns its individuals into a psychological trauma of ongoing conflicts between different classes and cultures. Advocating the exigency of a classless society, Lawrence shatters the hegemonic ideology of the highbrow culture which disdains working class culture as vulgar, coarse and commonplace. Reacting against the cultural displacement of working classes who are considered as masses, Lawrence indulges in revealing the authenticity and earnestness of the working class culture. Lawrence's depiction of an uncorrupt ethical standing of the working class culture is the negation of the concept of culture, associated with high class manners and ways of life. The prevailing concern of this study, therefore, will be to analyze Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover from the perspective of cultural studies to unravel the clash of high and low cultures in relation to the hierarchical class structure of the post-war England.


Macrovascular complications are the main death or disabling causes of diabetic patients.In recent years,the results of a number of clinical trials aimed at preventing diabetic macrovascular complications have been unveiled.Comprehensive and systemic analysis of these results may give great enlightenment to the clinicans,as well as promote the work in preventing diabetic macroangiopathy in China.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus; Macroangiopathy;  Clinical trial


Over the past two decades, the internet has become an increasingly important venue for political expression, community building, and social activism. Scholars in a wide range of disciplines have endeavored to understand and measure how these transformations have affected individuals' civic attitudes and behaviors. The Digital Citizenship Scale (original and revised form) has become one of the most widely used instruments for measuring and evaluating these changes, but to date, no study has investigated how digital citizenship behaviors relate to exogenous variables. Using the classic Big Five Factor model of personality (Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism), this study investigated how personality traits relate to the key components of digital citizenship. Survey results were gathered across three countries (n = 1820), and analysis revealed that personality traits map uniquely on to digital citizenship in comparison to traditional forms of civic engagement. The implications of these findings are discussed.


The HIV epidemic persists in many parts of the world, with the majority of new infections occurring through the female genital tract (FGT). The permissiveness of the genital mucosa to HIV is modulated by the integrity of the epithelial barrier, the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the frequency of CCR5+CD4+ T cell targets. Here we focus on two biological perturbations: endogenous alterations in cervicovaginal bacteria and exogenous injectable progestin-only contraceptives (IPCs). We examine their effects on the genital mucosal environment and their link to HIV susceptibility in a cohort of young South African women. We first sought to determine how genital microbiota modulate host inflammatory responses. The existing paradigm is that vaginal monocolonization by Lactobacillus is normal, and encroachment by other bacteria is pathologic. By characterizing cervicovaginal bacterial communities in 94 South African women using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, we found that the majority of participants had low Lactobacillus abundance and high ecological diversity. One diverse Prevotella-containing community type strongly correlated with increased concentrations of multiple genital pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. We found that these cytokines were produced by epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells via different bacterial sensing mechanisms. Our results identify specific bacterial species that alter the inflammatory state of the FGT and may more broadly impact reproductive health in women. We also investigated the immunological effects of IPCs, the most common form of birth control in sub-Saharan Africa. Although highly effective as a contraceptive, IPCs are


The objective of this research is to minimize product defects based on labor performance and prove the hypothesis on how labor performance affects the quality of a product through a scientific calculation using Overall Labor Effectiveness (OLE). The primary data is obtained by interviewing the supervisor and labor directly. For secondary data is obtained from the company, such as labor working time, machine scheduled downtime, total production, and defective products. The approach to extract the data is using OLE and the continued regression method. Furthermore, it proceeds to Six Sigma using the DMAIC approach since the results show a significant correlation. The result from Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) shows four of six potential failures caused by product defects are coming from labor. To prevent failure mode, it is recommended to have the regular machine checked by labor, check the temperature of the machine, and provide Standard Operating Procedures.


The office treatment of vaginal disorders by the local application of various powders, creams, and jellies is common practice. Most of the jellies, creams, and such are injected with syringe-type applicators usually supplied by the pharmaceutical manufacturers of the drug being used. The placement of different powder preparations is not satisfactory, as a rule. The plastic squeeze containers, which are used to blow a stream of powder into the vagina, succeed in filling the speculum, but a minimum amount of the powder remains in the vagina itself. Another type, which blows up the vagina under pressure and forces the powder in simultaneously, seems too dangerous for use. The applicator shown (see figure) was designed to overcome certain difficulties. It will deliver a definite measured amount of any kind of preparation to the far end of the vagina without the slightest waste, under no pressure, and with no discomfort to the


Research considers a problem of motivation development of learning activity in dentistry students, discipline "prevention and public dental health". By way of pedagogical activity the faculty of Dentistry Institute, KrasSMU, were developed the ways of solution, using organizational education which play an integrative role, ensure unity and coupling of all educational components. The measure of cognitive activity is an increase of academic progress following the results of examinations from 2006 to 2014. The average grade went up by 0.58, quality indicator by 26.2 %, cumulative grade point average by 9.77 %.


AIM: To clone mouse pdx-1 gene and construct its eukaryotic expression vector for expression of pdx-1 in mouse embryonic stem cells.METHODS: Mouse pdx-1 cDNA fragment was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from mouse pancreatic cDNA. The purified fragment was recombinated with a eukaryotic expression vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein, pEGFP-N1. The pdx-1 cDNA fragment was inserted into the multi-clone sites of the vector to construct a new plasmid, pEGFP/pdx-1. E.colli strain DH5α was transfected with the new recombinant plasmid to expand it. Plasmid DNA extracted from the expanded DH5α was identifed by cutting with Hind Ⅲ, BamHⅠ nuclease and by DNA sequencing. Identified plasmid DNA was transfected into mouse embryonic stem cell line MESPU13 by carrying with liposome. RESULTS: A 876 bp cDNA fragment was amplified from mouse pancreatic cDNA by PCR and it was inserted into the vector pEGFP-N1 correctly. The fragment was defined to be pdx-1 gene by nuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Mouse embryonic stem cell line MESPU13 was transfected with the new recombinant plasmid DNA. The green fluorescent protein report gene and pdx-1 gene expressed in transfected mouse embryonic stem cells within 24 h. CONCLUSION: Mouse pdx-1 gene is cloned and its recombinant eukaryotic expression vector carrying green fluorescent protein is constructed successfully. It provides a useful tool for further research on the function of pdx-1.


Remote sensing has been widely used for mapping and characterizing changes in forest cover, but the available remote sensing forest change products are not discriminating between deforestation (permanent transition from forest to non forest) and industrial forest management (logging followed by regrowth, with no land cover/ land use class change) (Hansen et al, 2010). Current estimates of carbon-equivalent emissions report the contribution of deforestation as 12% of total anthropogenic carbon emissions (van der Werf et al., 2009), but accurate monitoring of forest carbon balance should discriminate between land use change related to forest natural disturbances, and forest management. The total change in forest cover (Gross Forest Cover Loss, GFLC) needs to be characterized based on the cause (natural/human) and on the outcome of the change (regeneration to forest/transition to non/forest)(Kurtz et al, 2010). Industrial forestry is nowadays highly optimized: economic profitability forces the adoption of standard practices resulting in very clear spatial patterns evident to human interpreter, but hardly detectable with traditional satellite mapping approaches. To overcome these challenges, we propose a methodology for discriminating between deforestation and forest management practices, that combines the use of multitemporal Landsat data time series, and object-oriented analysis of shapes, textures, and spatial relationships of the areas of deforestation/afforestation


By empirically testing,many researchers point out the predictability of stock price in domestic securities market.Almost all of the present forecasting methods can be classified into two particular categories: time relation models,cause and effect relation models.This paper compares the means of realizations and analyzes the common characteristics of these models.


The adoption of biodiesel as a fossil fuel reduction strategy in Europe has created a demand for vegetable oil as a biodiesel feedstock and a new market for the canola oil grown in the Canadian Prairies. Canola is a variety of rapeseed developed in Canada which contains reduced levels of erucic acid, making its oil palatable for human consumption, and reduced levels of a toxic glucosin, which makes its meal a potential livestock feed. Because of the extracted canola oil being suitable for use as cooking oil, canola is considered to be a new and distinct crop from rape seed in Canada.


Features of missile target type identification were gradually sampled by the satellite sensors in the space-based early warning system,and the acquiring sequence exhibited random attribute but incomplete independency.Thereby,inference model based on Bayesian network was built,which could deal with the uncertain inference problem under feature random and feature incomplete independency condition.Moreover,the model was easily integrated into expert knowledge.Aiming at the problems of sampled data were not completely reliable due to many uncertain factors,such as the limitation of sensor ability,the impact of environment noise,the Bayesian network interfence model with uncertain evidence was established based on entropy gain.Simulation experiment showed that the Bayesian network model with belief inference impoved the identification precision by 7.35%.


Wind driven ventilation has been used actually to endure high temperature and high humidity in summer, in Korea. If it is insufficient to cool indoor area only with wind driven ventilation, it is hard to sleep in night time and air conditioner has been used. It is considered that weight structure of reinforced concrete, which is usually used for apartment housing in Korea, affect indoor thermal environment in day time and in night time. In this study, indoor thermal environment in an apartment house was measured to understand thermal specificities in summer. As a results, surface temperatures of furniture, ceiling, floor, wall have a small band of temperature change than a band of indoor air temperature change.


What is calculus? by R. Michael Range, pp 340, £25.00 (paper), ISBN 978-981464-448-8, World Scientific (2015). This book has a 42-page 'Prelude to Calculus' followed by about 300 pages of calculus/analysis. The prelude is the author's answer to how a first course in differential calculus can be done 'properly' so that it may stand alone as an intellectually satisfying edifice, but also provide a firm foundation for those requiring more advanced applications and for those whose interest is in travelling further along the pure route. A tangent to a curve is first defined (in the prelude) as a line whose intersection with the curve is a point of multiplicity . After graphical illustrations of what this means he develops algebraic machinery to find such points and to determine the gradient of the line, thereby avoiding the hurdle of understanding limits. Doing this is, it seems to me, algebraically more advanced and technically more tricky than the traditional approach via intuitive ideas of a limit. The prelude approach has the advantage of avoiding the issue of existence of limits, but the price is the restricted range of functions to which it is applicable. The algebraic tricks are refined into some general theorems, with the conclusion that they will yield answers for all algebraic functions – that is, all functions which are the result of applying finite sequences of the operations +, –, ×, ÷, composition and inversion to polynomials. The inclusion of the inversion operation does involve some care with domains, and in general a naïve treatment of limits is replaced by unquestioned assumptions about the continuity and smoothness of polynomial graphs. When you leave the algebraic realm to tackle exponential and trigonometric functions the treatment via multiplicity of zeroes is no longer available, so the author returns to an orthodox, reasonably rigorous treatment via properties of the real numbers and functions of a real variable. These two chapters following the prelude contain everything that would be recognised as real analysis with all the technical details, starting with the definition of completeness via least upper bounds, progressing to a careful treatment of continuity and differentiability. ≥ 2


A cohort of over 600 children who were born between 1979 and 1982 and accounted for the great majority of all births in Port Pirie, South Australia, and its immediate environs, underwent capillary blood sampling at the ages of 6 months, 15 months, 2 years, and annually thereafter. The mean blood lead concentration (Pb‐B) initially rose markedly, peaked at 2 years of age, and subsequently declined gradually at 3 and 4 years of age. No differences in Pb‐B were observed between girls and boys. Secular trends in Pb‐B at the age of 2 years that were observed in blood samples taken over the 1981‐1984 period suggest that both the drought of 1982 and changes in community behaviour may have accounted for some of the age‐related variation. The Pb‐B was associated positively with surface soil lead concentrations, with a two‐fold variation in mean Pb‐B between residential zones within Port Pirie. Pb‐B was higher in summer than in winter months at the ages of 6 and 15 months, but not at older ages. These findings suggest that lead in dust influences strongly blood lead concentrations in early childhood.


In order to join the advantages offered by both the multi-pulse system with constant pressure turbocharging systems, S.E.M.T. have developed the so-called modular pulse converter, now generally adopted for every S.E.M.T.-Pielstick engine of 20 bar m.e.p. and more, whatever the cylinder number may be. These developments are described and the obtained results are given. The influence of the number of cylinders and of the firing order on the scavenging process and valve timing are described and the consequences on exhaust valve temperature explained.


Background: Diabetes is one of the incurable but easily controllable diseases. It is a chronic disease due to impaired between glucose and insulin in the body. Methods: An evaluative research method was selected. A pre-experimental (one group pretest – posttest) design was adopted for this study. The samples for the study were 80 Patients with Type II DM which were selected by using nonprobability purposive sampling technique. Pretest and Posttest score were utilized to achieve goal of the study. Results: Result showed that in pretest mean score was 13.02 and post-test mean score was 20.61. It Shows that there was significant difference in the mean pre-test knowledge score and mean post-test knowledge score of Patients with Type II DM on management of Diabetes as measured by 't' test (21.57) which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The study concluded that the STP was effective. Hence the patients with diabetes should be encouraged to attend health education programme.


Objective: There is a growing influence of advertising media on the perception of dental appearance in the Nigerian society. This study examined the portrayal of malocclusion on advertising billboards that is directed at the Nigerian public
Method: A representative selection of 100 advertising models on billboards from three major Nigerian cities was investigated. The prevalence and severity of malocclusions observed including the median diastema, which is of cultural importance, were assessed using a modification of Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Intra-examiner calibration of all the smiles showed adequate agreement.
Result: It showed that the aesthetic scores were low for the majority of models (94%) indicating "no need or a borderline need" for treatment, whilst insignificant models (6%) exhibited a "definite need for treatment". However, median diastema, a sign of personal beauty in this cultural setting did not feature prominently in the smile aesthetics.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the portrayal of occlusal disharmonies on models in billboards may not be generalized to the entire Nigerian population.
 Keywords : Smile Aesthetics, Malocclusion, Advertising models, IOTN, Nigeria Nigerian Dental Journal Vol. 16 (1) 2008: pp. 19-21


References [1] W. M. Farmer. Abstract data types in many-sorted second-order logic. [3] W. M. Farmer. A simple type theory with partial functions and sub-types.


Current theories that attempt to explain mating preferences have placed particular emphasis on genetic determinants. They state that sexual preferences of females and sexual features of males evolve concurrently given the fact that male features are a reliable indicator of the presence of "good genes" which favor offspring survival. An alternative hypothesis explains mating preferences by means of a learning mechanism. An example of this approach is the theory of learning by imprinting proposed by Konrad Lorenz. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of early breeding practices on later mating preferences. For this purpose, 35 quail chicks, 15 days old, were selected and split into four groups: (1) a group of 9 male chicks which were individually raised in the company of a mature three months old female; (2) a group of 9 female chicks which were individually raised in the company of a mature three months old male; (3) a group of 9 male chicks, which were raised alone in individual cages and without visual contact with other members of their species; and (4) a group of 8 female chicks which were raised alone in individual cages and without visual contact with others of their species. Subjects were exposed to these


Aim: The aim of this work was to apply a new three-dimensional non-invasive methodology to precisely detect the variation that is determined at the level of the soft tissues of the face following the application of a rapid palatal expander appliance. Materials and methods: Here are reported the data of three patients in mixed dentition and affected by an altered transversal development of the upper arch and the upper jaw that have been subjected to interceptive orthodontic treatment through the application of a transverse rapid palatal expander. The initial diagnostic phase was supported by: conventional orthodontic 2D records (Orthopantomography, lateral cephalometry, plaster casts, 2D photographs); 3D photogrammetric scans of soft tissues of the face at rest; processing of 3D digital models; analysis through color maps and contour lines of the characteristics of the soft tissues of the face to detect the variations occurred before (Time 0) and after (Time 1) rapid palatal expansion. Results and Conclusions: The color maps and contour lines analysis on digital models of the face before and after the therapy allowed to detect the slightest variations occurred on the facial soft tissues of the patients, in a completely non invasive way.


It may seem strange to link up the recent judgment in Prior v Battle and Others 1999 (2) SA 850 (Tk)* with a book published in England in 1861 : but that book, Ancient Law, by Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Professor of Law at both Cambridge and Oxford Universities successively, enables one to place the judgment in a historical context reaching back to remote antiquity and to understand its profound significance.


Population genetic structure of seven rare and endangered plant species of the Southern Urals is investigated by using isozyme markers. The studied taxa revealed relatively weak differentiation among populations and relatively large differences in levels of genetic diversity. Analyses of gene pools are necessary to develop species-specific measures for conservation of this category of plants in natural habitats.


In this document, a homologous model and one-dimensional line model for centrifugal pump are described to provide the theoretical background of a pump model to be developed in system-level codes. Input and output parameters are proposed, along with a summary of the governing equations for each model. Furthermore, hydraulic performance degradation of centrifugal pump is also modeled in the homologous pump model. This document suggests that system codes provide a homologous and one-dimensional line model for centrifugal pumps, allowing the users to choose the model that best fits their purposes.


The Andaman population of the genus Lycodon is compared to Lycodon capucinus Boie, 1827 and Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758) occurring on the eastern and western parts of the range of this species complex. The population was found to be distinct and the species name Lycodon hypsirhinoides (Theobald, 1868) is revalidated for this population. It differs from both species in the size, proportions and colouration of adults and juveniles.


Rice is an important staple food in many developing countries, especially in Senegal. However, rice production in Senegal only meet 20% of the domestic demand largely due to the poor performance of rice farmers and low productivity. Access to agricultural credit has strong impacts on the technical efficiency of farmers and would promote inputs and new technology adoption. But that is not clear enough in previous studies. This study investigates the impact of agricultural credit access on rice productivity and technical efficiency with 260 random sampled rice farmers from Anambe basin in Senegal. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was adopted to estimate the technical efficiency. The results indicate that the inputs of rice production, including labor, pesticide, herbicides and fertilizer, have significant impacts on rice productivity. Furthermore, the results present that the average efficiency is of 0.813 and the inefficiency estimation model reveals that the influences of agricultural credit access, gender, education, ethnicity, use of improved seed and land tenure system on technical inefficiency of rice production are significant. Particularly, for the access to agricultural credit, rice farmers without agricultural credit would get 3.8% higher production inefficiency. The farmers with access to credit yield 37.32% higher rice production than their counterparts. Therefore, our study provides strong empirical evidence to promote agricultural credit in rice production.


Objective To investigate the role of TGF-β1 in the occurrence and development of abnormal scar and their modulation to proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast in abnormal scar.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from 58 abnormal scars,42 normal scars and 30 normal skins.TGF-β1 and PCNA were stained by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) was used to detect fibroblast apoptosis.Results Immunohistochemical staining results suggested that the expression of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in abnormal scar than that of normal scar(P 0.05).The level of TGF-β1 expression was significantly lower in normal skin than that of abnormal scar and normal scar(P 0.05).Compared with normal scar and normal skin the expression of PCNA in fibroblast of abnormal scar increased significantly(P 0.05).Compared with normal skin the expression of PCNA in fibroblast of normal scar increased significantly(P 0.05).Compared with normal scar the level of fibroblast apoptosis in abnormal scar decreased significantly(P 0.05),but there was no significant difference between normal scar and normal skin(P 0.05).There was positive correlation between the proliferation index and the expression of TGF-β1 in fibroblast of abnormal scar(P 0.05).There was negative correlation between the apoptosis index and the expression of TGF-β1 in fibroblast of abnormal scar(P 0.05).Conclusions TGF-β1 is associated closely with the occurrence of abnormal scar.TGF-β1 may regulate the occurrence and development of scar by means of regulating the proliferation and/or the level of apoptosis of fibroblast in scar tissue.


Among the available sources of cytoplasmic male sterility only the A1 source has so far been exploited for breeding commercial hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). The influence of this source was studied by comparing the combining ability of five pairs of lines that differ in their cytoplasmic source. The effect on the expression of the traits, though modified by environment, was significant. The manifestation of cytoplasmic effects on general combining ability (GCA) was different for various traits. In general, the A1 cytoplasm showed a positive influence on GCA estimates for plant height, grain yield, and a negative influence on days to flowering. The variable magnitude of cytoplasmic effects on the GCA of lines indicated that such effects were the result of interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear genes.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational needs for career development according to the job type of nursing college students. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 146 nursing college students from K and P universities in the Busan and Kyungnam areas were analyzed using a career anchor questionnaire. In addition, 28 nursing college students who showed a higher level of tendency among job types were selected and divided into 4 teams, and a focus group interview was conducted based on the contents of the created map. Its purpose is to investigate the educational needs of nursing college students to enhance their career development. First, the career anchor types of the nursing college students showed the highest score in the areas of lifestyle, security and stability, while the lowest types of career anchor were pure challenge and general managerial competence. Second, the educational needs for career development were categorized into four areas, namely major competence, practical competence, personality competence, and resource management competence. The major competences are nursing expertise and skills. The practical competences consisted of ward task management, communication, crisis coping ability and personality competence and these were divided into cooperation and responsibility recognition. The resource management competence consists of time management ability and stress management ability. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can be used as the basic educational data for the career development of nursing college students in the future. In addition, it is expected that they can be applied to the development of a curriculum for the improvement of nursing practice.


In this work the problem of non-cooperative resource optimization in the uplink of a relay-assisted MIMO MAC system with partial CSI at the transmitter is addressed. Each multiple access user pursues individual rate maximization, whereas the relay designs its amplify-and-forward matrix in order to optimize the system's sum-rate. From a game-theoretic perspective, the resource allocation process is modeled as a two-level Stackelberg game, with the relay as the leader, and the multiple access users as followers. For any choice of the relay matrix the individual rate maximizing transmit covariance matrices are derived, and then optimum relay matrix design is carried out. Finally, numerical results are provided to give insights on the proposed algorithms.


This study analyzes the determining factors of rental rate - the primary income source of the office buildings, focused in Seoul city area and proves the importance of management process (professional management) among all those factors. This also intends to analyze what factors are used to determine the proved important management process. It draws several factors affecting the decision of rental rate, through the analyzed results from the three Multiple Regression Analysis models. It proves that the most important factor is the management process and that professional management rather than self management is more effective in increasing office rental rate. Based on this, it analyzes how the proven management process(professional management) is determined by what factors, by conducting Logistic Regression Analysis. It identifies that gross area, ages of building, ownership entity, number of elevators, the lease exchange rate and parking space are important factors of determining management process. That is to say, there are high odds of selecting over self management process. That is to say, there are high odds of selecting over self management with bigger gross area, corporate of selecting self management over professional management with more ages of building and high the lease exchange rate, which are negative factors.


The proteins were extracted from cowpea seeds by buffered saline solution and the
globulins were separated by dialyzing the protein extract against distilled water. Fractionation of
the total globulins on Sephacryl S-200 column produced two major and one minor components.
The molecular weight of the major globulin components were estimated to be greater than
250000 and 178 000 for the globulin component (a) and (b) respectively and the latter component
was the predominant globulin. The two major globulin components were free from
contamination of other proteins as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Spectrophotometry and amino acid analyses were used as tools for characterizing the globulin components.


By exploiting both the photons' polarization and spatial degrees of freedom, we experimentally demonstrate a hyper-entangled four-photon six-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. Based on the state, we experimentally test the multi-particle Ardehali inequality and prove the theoretical prediction of Ardehali. Furthermore, we experimentally first investigate the robustness of the Ardehali inequality for the four-photon six-qubit GHZ state in a bit-flip noise environment and show the good robustness against decoherence for this inequality. Our works provide an experimental benchmark to estimate the safety of quantum channel in the noisy environment.


Objective:To investigate the clinical classification of Heel Pain Type and observe the clinical effect of different treatments for different types of Heel Pain Type.Methods:110 cases of patients were treated by syndrome differentiation and followed up over 6 months after treatment.Results:The proportion of qi stagnation type cases was the highest and the cure rate of it was significantly higher than that of liver and kidney deficiency type patients.The cure rate of stubborn type cases was only 40%,and the proportion of it was the least.Conclusion:The treatment of Heel Pain Type is a clinical challenge.The results suggest that the cure rates of qi stagnation type and liver and kidney deficiency type cases which have the higher incidence are significantly higher than that of stubborn type cases which has the lower incidence.


Scepticism about external world knowledge is frequently claimed to emerge from Descartes's dreaming argument. That argument supposedly challenges one to have some further knowledge — the knowledge that one is not dreaming that p — if one is to have even one given piece of external world knowledge that p. The possession of that further knowledge can seem espe-cially important when the dreaming possibility is genuinely Cartesian (with one's dreaming that p being incompatible with the truth of one's accompany-ing belief that p). But this paper shows why that Cartesian use of that possi-bility is not at all challenging. It is because that putative sceptical challenge reduces to a triviality which is incompatible with the sceptic's having de-scribed some further piece of knowledge which is needed, if one is to have the knowledge that p.


Two experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption of ammonium and nitrate on litters (Exp. 1) and the volatilization of ammonia in their presence (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, glass tubes containing 15 ml of a buffered solution enriched with NH$_4$Cl calculated as 10.59 mg.l$^{-1}$ of NH$_4^{+}$ or KNO$_3$ calculated as 50 mg.l$^{-1}$ of NO$_3^{-}$ were used. Graded amounts (0 [control], 25, 50, 100 mg) of litters (wheat straw, flax straw (Equi-lin$^{\ooalign{\hfil{\textsc{r}}\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}$), zeolite (Zeolite Stall Fresh$^{\ooalign{\hfil{\textsc{r}}\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}$), spruce sawdust and beech sawdust) were added to the tubes which were incubated for 24 h. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations, and pH, were checked on the supernatant. A preliminary experiment was carried out with zeolite to come to an ammonium balance. After adsorption of ammonium by graded amounts of zeolite, [0 (control), 0.25, 1, 2, 4 g], ammonium balance was assessed after two elutions with 1 N HCl. In Exp. 2, Woulff flasks were used and ammonia was trapped in a solution of 0.1 N HCl. The preliminary experiment showed that the ammonium added and adsorbed by different amounts of zeolite was completely recovered after 2 elutions. All litters, except beech sawdust, were effective in ammonium adsorption. Especially, the straws were required in very small amounts to immobilize the added ammonium or nitrate. Furthermore, with straws the pH value decreased from pH $7.50-7.60$ to pH 6.90, and this effect was related to the amounts of material added. For each pH group, ammonia volatilization was significantly decreased (P $ < 0.05$) with straw (wheat straw, Equi-lin$^{\ooalign{\hfil{\textsc{r}}\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}$) as compared with their blank pH group. However, no significant decrease was observed with sawdust (spruce, beech) and zeolite.


Autonomous robots that operate in indoor, uncertain environments move around from one location to the next to fulfill a set of ordered task. To do so, they need a floor plan of the building to plan their route. In case the building is unfamiliar to a robot it can employ online mapping techniques, though these techniques are resource intensive and time consuming. In addition, processing such geometric maps in an automated planner to determine a feasible route is resource demanding as well. The solution proposed in this article is an ontology that combines knowledge of floor plans and actual information of a building with concepts in automated planning, so that robots become more efficient in route planning. Moreover, the ontology is implemented as a hypergraph to benefit from its advances in creating elegant inference-rules, e.g., to infer route-alternatives while preparing the operation.


The National Health Service has become the work setting for most British psychiatrists; of the main subspecialties only psychoanalysis remains outside. Only about five percent of first admissions to hospitals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia now become long-stay patients, contrasted with 70 percent in 1930. Discharge to the community has not created a problem. Hospital and community psychiatrists, teachers of psychiatry, and researchers share a mood of lively self-appraisal which also contains an openness to new knowledge and a readiness for necessary change.


The problem of forecasting long sequences is important in many different domains. Proper selection of the hyperparameters when a machine learning approach is applied could make the difference between adequate and inadequate model. Several algorithms for automatic hyperparameters tuning were evaluated and compared with baseline selection. As a result, recommendations have been made. Some of the intuitive assumptions for the baseline model proved to be wrong.


Through semidry process, the wood fiber as reinforced materials and the industrial flue gas desulfurization waste calcinated calcium sulfate hemihydrate as an inorganic adhesive produced the environmental gypsum fiber board. This process is effective on utilization of desulfurization gypsum, which reduced the pollution of the environment and the demand of the natural gypsum, further to protect the natural environment. As green building decoration materials, gypsum fiber board has good prospects for development. The research results show that it is remarkable that the amount of the composite retarder is effective on the static bending strength, internal bond strength, grip screws to impact; the ratio of the wood and plaster is effective on the absorbent thickness expansion rate.


The three layered B/S (Browser/Server) architecture provides an effective method for distributed computing and remote management. In this paper, web techniques based on the structure of B/S, especially for Sybase are discussed and analyzed. The principle and kernel implementing technology of Sybase web solution are introduced in detail. As an example, the implementing method of the application to one Entrust and Investment Company is presented.


ABSTRACT Poly(m-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) P(mPD-co-ANI) and Mn-, Ni-, and Cu-doped poly(m-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) (M-P(mPD-co-ANI)) have been synthesized and characterized. Cu-P(mPD-co-ANI) has been used as a molecular precursor of CuO nanoparticles. The spectral, optical, refractive index, solubility, and thermal properties of the synthesized polymers have been measured and discussed. The optical bandgap (Eg) measurements indicated that Ni(P(mPD-co-ANI)) has wider optical band than the pure (P(mPD-co-ANI)). Calcination of Cu-P(mPD-co-ANI) at 600°C produced (CuO) nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles have been characterized by XRD and TEM. The average size of CuO nanoparticles was found to be 42 nm. The refractive index measurements indicate slight change in the refractive index values of the polymer solution than that of pure solvent. The solubility of the synthesized polymers in ethanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF)–aqueous mixed solvents was found to increase as the mole fractions of both ethanol and DMF increase. The UV spectra of the synthesized polymers in ethanol, DMF–aqueous mixed solvents indicate blueshift and hyperchromic effect. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This study presents the relationship between media usage and social skills development of students. It also suggests that students' abilities can be illustrated as a result of their using internet and other. This research has been done by using survey method based on SSRS questionnaire. The sample size includes 324 students in North West of Iran, who were chosen by random method. The results shown there are strongly correlations between three aspects of social skills and media usage. Media use helps the growth of Assertiveness, Overconfident and Withdrawal skills among students.


Effective surface fluorine enrichment has great potential application value for superhydrophobic electrospun films, which has presented a challenge to researchers. The aim is expected to be achieved by electrospinning functional polymers with controlled structure based on the polarization characteristics of functional groups in polymer chains and their directional ordering induced by an electric field. Herein, an amphiphilic graft copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-hydroxypropyl acrylate)-graft-poly(dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) (PMMA-r-PHPA-g-PDFMA) was synthesized by the combination of free radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Superhydrophobic fibrous films with high surface fluorine atomic content of 29.1% and even up to 34.8% were fabricated by eletrospinning the resultant fluoropolymer. It is concluded that the electric field can drive the surface segregation of positively charged fluorinated groups and bulk segregation of negatively charged -OH groups, thus contributing to the effective surface fluorine enrichment, which was confirmed by XPS results. Additionally, we also found that the superhydrophobicity of electrospun films has no apparent dependence on fibre morphologies. The variation in the surface wettability can be attributed to the difference in surface compositions obtained by changing the applied electric field strength and solvents. This research would present potential application prospects in fabricating high surface fluorinated superhydrophobic electrospun fibres or novel surface functionalized electrospun fibres.


Background: The high prevalence of obesity in Egypt has a great impact on the health care system, economic and social situation. Evidence suggests that even a moderate amount of weight loss can be useful. Aim of the study: To analyze the effects of lower body positive pressure supported treadmill training, conducted with hypocaloric diet, on body composition of obese children. Methods: Thirty children aged between 8 and 14 years, were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (15 children) and control group (15 children). All of them were evaluated using body composition analysis through bioelectric impedance. The following parameters were measured before and after the intervention: body mass, body fat mass, muscle mass, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat and basal metabolic rate (BMR). The study group exercised with antigravity treadmill three times a week during 2 months, and participated in a hypocaloric diet program. The control group participated in a hypocaloric diet program only. Results: Both groups showed significant reduction in body mass, body fat mass and BMI. Only study group showed significant reduction in percentage of body fat (p = 0.0.043). Changes in muscle mass and BMR didn't reach statistical significance in both groups. No significant differences were observed between groups except for muscle mass (p = 0.049) and BMR (p = 0.042) favoring study group. Conclusion: Both programs proved effective in the reduction of obesity indicators, but lower body positive pressure supported treadmill training was more effective in improving muscle mass and BMR. Keywords—Children, Hypocaloric diet, Lower body positive pressure supported treadmill, obesity.


Abstract By coupling in pairs in all possible ways the eight hybridization types of a neutral phosphorus atom, 37 modes of formation of a phosphorus—phosphorus bond are obtained. Some experimental results illustrate these modes and structural possibilities which offer the best hope of future success are predicted. Two other possibilities were also envisaged. The one in which one phosphorus atom is neutral, the other being cationic comprises 39 different P—P+ modes of hybridization. Coupling the eight neutral hybridization types of a phosphorus atom with the 13 possible anionic ones leads to 94 modes of formation of a P—P+ bond.


A scalar median filter algorithm for color image based on the rotation of color space is presented in this paper. It converts the vector median filter to simpler scalar median filters by rotating color space. The rotation of color space can make the majority noise pixels satisfying scalar median filter conditions at each scalar and being filtered. This method is iterative, and the rotation matrix used in the color space rotation generated by the Principle Component Analysis can reduce iteration times. Tested on several color images and compared with other traditional algorithm, this presented filter method is acceptable. It not only makes the filter computationally simpler, but also preserves the image details well while effectively suppressing impulsive noises.


Symplectic reduction of the planar dynamics of a non-collinear triatomic molecule leads eventually to an internal phase space with symplectic dynamics in the bond lengths and bond angle. For the overall and internal angular velocities, the dynamic and geometric phases describe conditions for the separation of energies and separation of dynamics. @ 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. PACS: 03.20.$-i; 31.15.-p


Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors are proving to be important analytical tools in several fields such as food, environmental and, in recent years, the biomedical one. This work describes the use of 4,7-bis(5(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TBT) in the development of a tyrosinase-based biosensor for epinephrine detection. The modifying agent was obtained as a film by electrochemical oxidation of TBT on a gold disk electrode. Electrochemical characterization and scanning electrode microscopy (SEM) images suggest the formation of a conducting film on the electrode surface. Tyrosinase from mushroom was then immobilized by a mixed technique of adsorption and cross-linking. Glutaraldehyde was used as a coupling agent. The obtained device shows a very good linear response (0.1– 50 μM) with a LoD value of 0.06 μM and a LoQ of 0.09 μM. Moreover, good selectivity towards some typical interferents (namely, ascorbic acid, tryptophan, uric acid and L-cysteine) and satisfactory recoveries have been observed.


INTRODUCTION
Forward deployed military medical units can provide sophisticated medical care with limited resources. Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) may facilitate care and expedite diagnosis. This study assessed the accuracy of results for POCT for non-serum samples (pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid) using iSTAT and Piccolo hand-held devices compared with results obtained using a hospital chemistry analyzer.

METHODS
Pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluids obtained during routine care were simultaneously analyzed on a Vitros 5600 automated clinical chemistry hospital analyzer, iSTAT, and Piccolo POCT devices.

RESULTS
POCT results were highly correlated with the Vitros 5600 for pleural fluid LDH, glucose, and triglycerides (TG); for peritoneal fluid bilirubin, TG, glucose, albumin, and protein; and glucose for cerebrospinal fluid.

CONCLUSION
POCT results for non-serum samples from pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid correlate with standard hospital chemistry analysis. The results of this study demonstrate potential for possible new diagnostic roles for POCT in resource-limited environments.


In higher education design activity was traditionally the responsibility of each educator. However, the design at a group level has not yet received a proper theoretical understanding and methodological grounding, since before the entry into force of the FSES of the third generation such projects were created by teaching centers for training specialists. In this regard, it has become urgent for educators to develop a model of the educational and scientific process of Bachelor's and Master's training in collaboration with other subjects, in particular, it is urgent to analyze the model, identify its characteristic features, describe the limitations of the general educational programs at different levels of education. This article is targeted at solving the tasks mentioned for Master's programs. It also discloses some aspects of design technology of the basic educational program for Masters at a group level.


The basic theory of accounting relegation system is expounded, and then systematical analysis is made about its state in China; on the basis of contrast with international practice, a new scheme is presented of Chinese accounting delegation system for the present, including the key point of its design, the selection of its mode and the current development. The study offers an innovative perception of the building of internal accounting control in the enterprises.


Abstract : Arguably, the single greatest piece of defense legislation since the National Security Act of 1947 is the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act (GNA) of 1986. This piece of legislation reformed four major aspects of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the budget process, and Service organization. This paper will examine the interagency process that propelled this legislation to law. Because of the scope of this legislation, this paper will focus on the specific efforts to increase the powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It will show that Congress increased the powers of the CJCS for two reasons; first, in order to strengthen the advice provided by the military in the chain of command and second, to add greater scrutiny to the defense department budget. This action was the result of many factors coming together at the right time, spurred on by expert staff work, the influence of retired officers who highlighted service infighting and the involvement of powerful members of Congress.


Electron transfer from an optically excited donor (rubrene) to randomly distributed acceptors (duroquinone) followed by electron back transfer in a rigid solution (sucrose octaacetate) has been studied experimentally. The forward electron-transfer process was observed by time-dependent fluorescence quenching measurements, while the electron back transfer from the radical anion to the radical cation was monitored by use of the picosecond transient grating technique. A statistical mechanics theory is used to describe the time-dependent dynamics of the system and to extract the forward- and back-transfer parameters from the data. The theory includes donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor excluded volume. It is found that the inclusion of excluded volume is necessary to obtain accurate transfer parameters. These parameters enable a detailed description of the electron transfer and recombination dynamics to be given. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent. A variety of time-dependent properties of the system are calculated. These include the time-dependent ion populations and the probability that the ith acceptor is an ion as a function of time and distance. In addition, (R(t)) and ({tau}(t)), which are the average ion separation as a function of time and the average ion existence time as a function of ion separation, respectively, are calculated.


We are reporting the reliablity, validity, and factor structure of three instruments designed to measure fear of spiders. The Spider Phobia Questionnaire (,,Spinnenphobie-Fragebogen", SPF) And the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (,,Fragebogen zur Angst vor Spinnen", FAS) are translations of English questionnaires The Fear of Spiders Screening (,,Spinnenangst-Screening", SAS) is a new four-item questionnaire designed for efficient screenings of large samples. The three instruments showed good to very good reliability, as measured by internal consistency and retest reliability. Construct validity and criterion-oriented validity were very good as well. We make suggestions for specific uses of the two questionnaires and the screening.


The editor, Murray Cox, died before the book's completion. He was respected enormously as a psychoanalyst at Broadmoor Hospital. He was a therapist and teacher who gave some understanding of patients' emotional lives, to both them and his colleagues; he was also obsessed with Shakespeare. Cox worked closely with the publisher Jessica Kingsley and this book is the last fruit of that collaboration. It is replete with metaphors, allegories and parables which provide 'as if' explanations for those who work closely with troubled minds (and some minds where the trouble is that they are not troubled). And, explanations empower.


The present invention relates to the dyeing of keratin materials from two dye precursors, colorless, of which at least one contains a disulfide motif / thiol said precursors chemically react together to form color in situ.Le method according to the invention in the under certain variants of solving problems due to the color generated during the process, while not degrading the effectiveness of coloring, including the effect eclaircissant.Les colorations obtained are further powers, chromatic, very selective, stubborn vis-a-vis external agents such as sun, sweating, especially shampoos.


This is a report on work in progress. Spectral recognition is central to many areas of science and technology. Classical spectral recognition analysis techniques (least squares, partial least squares, etc.) are sensitive to offset and gain drifts and errors. This sensitivity can cause excessive costs for spectrometer resources and calibrations. Neural techniques relieve some of this sensitivity but none approach human competence. It is desirable to mimic human spectral analysis not only to improve the results but to minimize detector constraints and costs. We suggest that the first step in human analysis is peak detection. We are exploring the 1D PCNN as a peak segmenter for spectral peak finding in the presence of noise and drifts in gain and offset. We present results of 1D pulse coded neural network peak detection with both simulated and actual static spectra. We also use the PCNN to form a scale and translation invariant feature vector that may be decomposed using classical techniques such as least squares. Finally, we propose using a PCNN to exploit the temporal aspects of spectral acquisition.


The reason for variability of tests for physical properties of porcelain enamel was investigated. Slight differences in gage of base metal, its source and method of manufacture, and the fineness and thickness of the enamel coating and firing temperature all seriously affect the results obtained. These physical properties may be adjusted at will by regulating the method of preparation.


This paper proposes a path tracking controller to assist the electronic-four-wheel drive (e-4WD) vehicle in following the desired path profile. It utilizes only readily available in-vehicle sensors and a standalone global positioning system (GPS). Noteworthy, both the lateral distance error and the heading angle error between the desired path profile and the vehicle are calculated using only a standalone GPS. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be easily applied to mass-produced e-4WD vehicles. A model predictive control (MPC) is selected as the controller type, which derives optimal control input considering both state and input constraints of in-wheel motor (IWM) in the e-4WD vehicle. Due to the advantage of this MPC predicting the vehicle's future dynamic behavior in advance, it is possible to output a more preemptive and stable yaw moment for vehicle path tracking. Finally, a weighted least square (WLS) allocation that is suitable for redundant actuator configuration is utilized to distribute the optimal IWM torques to the front left and right wheels of the e-4WD vehicle. The major contributions of the proposed control algorithm are as follows. 1) It is the first time in this paper that the MPC is applied to path tracking of e-4WD vehicles. 2) The condensed constraint matrix of the proposed MPC has a structure that can be easily applied to the linear programming. Using the CarSim simulation and the real-car based experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed MPC algorithm is verified by a comparative analysis. Thus, the high path tracking accuracy of the proposed algorithm is confirmed.


Schwannomas account for 16-30% of all intraspinal tumor. Schwannoma is a neurogenic tumor which originates from nerve sheath that it is relatively wellmarginated tumor with little attachment or adhesion to surrounding tissue.Pain is the most common and usually the first symptom produced by extramedullary spinal tumor. Particularly, the pain has radicular character in schwannomas affecting single nerve roots. Total 20 cases of intradural schwannomas were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated thermal change in tumor lesion and compared with electrophysiologic findings. The tumor location was cervical 5 cases, thoracic 5 cases, lumbar 10 cases. The thermographic finding of tumor lesion was thermal asymmetry and hypothermic thermatomal lesion. The dermatomal symptom of the radicular pain was consistent with thermatomal lesion (60%), but myelopathic symptom was not typical thermatomal lesion. Also, a half cases (50%) were relation between the electrophysiologic findings and & dermatomal finding of schwannomas. Therefore, the thermography must be another easy methods for achieving symptom assement of intradural extramedullary spinal cord schwannoma. Because, it is neither invasive nor uncomfortable


Applying the four-pole network theory in the computing of acoustic performance for vehicle exhaust system,using the method of Matlab and VC hybrid programming,a CAE software for forecasting and analyzing the performance of vehicle exhaust system is designed and realized.