The rotation frequency of the 50 ms pulsar PSR 0540 - 69 utilizing data collected at the ESO 3.6 m telescope at La Silla is measured. The observations were acquired in the interval 1989 January-1991 April. The average pulse shape displays a broad enhancement with a superposed double-peaked structure. It was possible to phase-relate the data between 1990 March and 1991 April indicating the pulsar did not display any large spin discontinuities during that time span. Three solutions, incorporating a pulse number ambiguity of +/- 1, are presented. The preferred solution yields a braking index of 2.04 +/- 0.02, comparable with GINGA measurements in 1987. Discrepancies between these results and extrapolation of the GINGA results are discussed.


CARDINAL NEWMAN'S DOCTRINE ON HOLY SCRIPTURE, According to His Published Works and Previously Unedited Manuscripts. By Jaak Seynaeve. . . . Louvain, Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1953. xxviii, 408, 160 p. (Universitas Catholica Lovaniensis. Dissertationes ad gradum magistri in Facultate Theologica vel in Facultate Iuris Canonici consequendum conscriptae. Series II . Tomus 45) LA CHRISTOLOGIE DE SAINT IRENEE. Par Albert Houssiau. Louvain, Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1955. xx, 277 p. (Universitas Catholica Lovaniensis. Dissertationes ad gradum magistri in Facultate Theologica vel in Facultate Iuris Canonici consequendum conscriptae. Series III . — Tomus I. EPISTOLA SANCTI IACOBI; Introductio et Commentarius [by} P. Theophilus Garcia Ab Orbiso, O.F.M. Cap. Romae, Facultas Theologica Pontificii Athenaei Lateranensis, 1954. xv, 291 p. (Lateranum. Nova Series. An. XX, N. 1-4) FAITH, REASON AND MODERN PSYCHIATRY; Sources for a Synthesis. [Edited by] Francis J. Braceland. New York, P. J. Kenedy & Sons [1955]. xv, 310 p. T H E FIRST WORLD WAR IN AMERICAN THOUGHT (to 1929). Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the American University in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Ph.D. by A. John Alexander. Published by the Author, 1955. 6 p. DER GLAUBENSBEGRIFF DES H L . AUGUSTINUS IN SEINEN ERSTEN SCHRIFTEN BIS zu DEN CONFESSIONES. [Von] P. Magnus Loehrer OSB. Einsiedeln, Benziger Verlag [1955] 280 p. GOD'S PLAN AND MAN'S DESTINY. By Viola Mary Cameron. . . .With a preface by Cornelius Van Til . . . Philadelphia, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1955. 159 p. THE GRANDEUR AND MISERY OF MAN. [By] David E. Roberts. New York, Oxford University Press, 1955. xi, 186 p. A GUIDE TO A GOOD MARRIAGE. [By] Richard M. Steiner. Boston, Beacon Press [1955]136 p.


Objective: To identify the etiology of hemiplegic shoulder pain(HSP) by musculoskeletal sonography and clinical examinations, and to determine the correlation between sonography findings and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores in patients with HSP. Method: Fifty-six patients with hemiplegia following the first cerebrovascular accident were recruited. On the basis of VAS scores, the patients were divided into 2 groups, patients with VAS≥4 were categorized with hemiplegic shoulder pain(HSP) group(n=35), and those with VAS4 were allocated to the hemiplegic no shoulder pain(HNSP) group(n=21). Both shoulders of each patient were examined by musculoskeletal sonography. Clinical examination included Brunnstrom stage, Ashworth grade, Shoulder subluxation and passive range of motion(PROM). Result: Shoulder subluxation was more frequent in HSP group than in HNSP group(51.4% vs 23.8%), there was significantly different between two groups(P0.05). The sonography findings demonstrated that supraspinatus tendinopathy and subacromial- subdeltoid(SA- SD) bursa hydrops were significantly more in HSP patients than in HNSP patients(54.3% vs 45.7%), and there was significant difference in two groups(P0.05). HSP correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendinopathy and SA-SD bursa hydrops. Conclusion: The causes of HSP was complicated. Rotator cuff injury was found to be a possible cause of HSP, supraspinatus tendinopathy and SA-AD bursopathy were related to the severity of HSP.


The method of the invention ensures the coherent demodulation by digitally processing a modulated signal in continuous phase (for example of GMSK). The received signal is transposed in the baseband, converted to digital and transmitted to the signal processor. According to the invention, each packet of the transmitted binary information comprises a N-bit preamble sequence known to the approximate estimate synchrotrame and bit synchronization on the one hand, the initial phase and the residual gap in the other frequency. the progressive refinement of said estimates is obtained by means of two interleaved digital loops: a slow loop for detecting bit synchronization and a fast loop effecting intermediate decisions over additional blocks of bits for the estimation of initial phase and residual frequency deviation Application: mobile radio transmission .


Fiberoptic sensors may easily be embedded into a structure and thus give information about internal deformations of the object. For the investigation of a deep-seated mass movement a large embedded strain rosette was developed. The sensors used are long gauge (5 m) fibre optical interferometers of SOFO type and allow the precise measurement of relative length changes. The high precision of the SOFO Systems (2 μm for long-term static measurements and 10 nm for dynamic measurements with 1 kHz) was a real challenge in the development, as independent field-checks cannot be performed. Geodetic standard equipment gives precisions that are smaller by a factor of about 10. Thus laboratory testing becomes crucial. When embedding the sensors, their representative attachment to the ground material becomes very critical. It is the goal to use the strain rosette for investigating the local deformation behaviour of the sliding area, and consequently to derive deeper knowledge about the mechanism of the deep-seated mass movement. Static measurements for the long-term monitoring as well as dynamic measurements for the investigation of possible strain waves will be performed. This paper describes the development of the large strain rosette, its realisation by embedding it in the landslide area and shows the high capability (e.g. detecting strain waves with 1 nm amplitudes) of the system using dedicated experiments


Graph drawings are useful tools for exploring the structure and dynamics of data that can be represented by pair-wise relationships among a set of objects. Typical real-world social, biological or technological networks exhibit high complexity resulting from a large number and broad heterogeneity of objects and relationships. Thus, mapping these networks into a low-dimensional space to visualize the dynamics of network-driven processes is a challenging task. Often we want to analyze how a single node is influenced by or is influencing its local network as the source of a spreading process. Here I present a network layout algorithm for graphs with millions of nodes that visualizes spreading phenomena from the perspective of a single node. The algorithm consists of three stages to allow for an interactive graph exploration: First, a global solution for the network layout is found in spherical space that minimizes distance errors between all nodes. Second, a focal node is interactively selected, and distances to this node are further optimized. Third, node coordinates are mapped to a circular representation and drawn with additional features to represent the network-driven phenomenon. The effectiveness and scalability of this method are shown for a large collaboration network of scientists, where we are interested in the citation dynamics around a focal author.


In chlorophyll-A concentration inversion which based on hyperspectral remote sensing image, must use ground synchronous spectrum measurement data to find the best three band combination by iterative-method, we proposed the problem to analysis the existing band selection methods of chlorophyll-A concentration inversion and put forward a band selection method of the hyperspectral chlorophyll-A concentration inversion three-band model which based on parallel ant colony algorithm. The method is based on analysis of the optical properties and three band model theory, determines the interval of the sensitive band from hundreds of bands,then takes band reflectance of the sampling points and Correlation coefficient of sample points of chlorophyll-A concentration as the initial pheromone list, and updates distance parameter list constantly to let the parallel work ants find the best band combinations. Experimental results show that the method can select the optimal three-band fast and efficient by the remote sensing data and samples of chlorophyll-A concentration data, and the steps of chlorophyll-A concentration inversion can be simplified greatly.


A major challenge of the 21st century is how to offer more health care and rehabilitation at a lower cost. It is estimated that every person in Denmark will require physiotherapeutic rehabilitation at least once in his or her lifetime, and this number is expected to increase with the aging society. Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation requires skilled and therefore expensive supervision and the costs are expected to increase as the workforce decreases. The traditional solution is to offer the patient home exercise-programs such as illustrated texts or movies, but these are often difficult to follow. Moreover, they are not easily customizable to the individual patient's needs, and often fail to motivate the patients well enough to achieve real progress. Further, home-exercises offer no easy monitoring by health-care professionals, which is why corrections and changes can only be made at larger intervals than is optimal. 3D computer vision and machine learning is cheap, motivates exercises, and increases effectiveness of physiotherapy at home. The expanding 3D computer vision based technology for recognizing and tracking patients' movements can be used for registration of suitable and appropriate movements of patients, who are required to perform training as part of rehabilitation. We are developing a computer-assisted training platform, which can analyse the patients' movements by 3D video in real time, suggest improvements, and collect statistics on the patient's movement in relation to desired training for objective dialogue with a health-care professional. In the initial phase of the project we develop the 3D articulated tracking of full body human motion and develop a solution tuned towards tracking of physical exercise motion based on the Microsoft Kinect for X-Box. Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation requires a sequence of complex motions executed in a precise manner for optimal effect, which present day gaming platforms do not allow for. A cheap solution – and better life quality. The home box (e.g. Microsoft Kinect) may be purchased and installed for less than 1.000 US$. After a short instruction by a physiotherapist the patients will be able to do the exercises themselves in their home. This will considerably improve life quality for the patients, not having to get transported to medical centres, waiting for the next available therapist, but being able to stay home and choose how and when to do the exercises – of course, under proper supervision. The scarce manpower resources in the health care sector may be used much more efficiently, waiting lists …


A five-year-old boy presented with fever, 39 Celcius, and cough for 2 days. He enjoyed good past health. There was no travel or contact history. Family history was unremarkable. On admission, his respiratory rate was 28 per minutes and SpO 2 was 97%. Physical examination showed that he was well hydrated and there were crepitations over bilateral chest. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed right perihilar streakiness on admission. Complete blood picture showed white blood cell 8.9, neutrophil 6.1 and lymphocyte 1.5. C-reactive protein was 22.6 mg/L. Cold agglutinin titre was <64. Blood culture showed no growth.


We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of almost periodic solutions of almost periodic linear differential equations thereby extending Favard's classical theorem. These results are meant to complement previous results of the authors who have shown by means of a counterexample that the boundedness of all solutions is not, by itself, sufficient to guarantee the existence of an almost periodic solution to a linear almost periodic differential equation.


A procedure for computing the polarization of submarine daylight is described, and results are presented for a few cases. The technique uses the methods of invariant bedding to determine the vector transmission and reflection operators for a thin, homogeneous slab containing scattering and absorbing material and systematically applies these operators to find the vector radiance within a layered hydrosol. The rapid convergence of the technique under normal conditions is demonstrated with a flow-graph analogy and may be explained by the fact that absorption is always a significant feature of radiative transfer in natural hydrosols. The calculations require measured values of the attenuation coefficient and Mueller scattering matrices of seawater, as well as a knowledge of the incoming vector radiance. The apparent polarizations of horizontal rays at near-asymptotic depth in two natural hydrosols were in the range 15–25%.


Objective To evaluate the immune effect of homemade recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in adolescents aged 20 to 40 years Methods Detection of Hepatitis B virus antigen and antibody was performed using ELISA and RIA methods in 307 HBV test negative medical school students According to 0,1and 6-month immunization program,each subject was injected with 5μg/0 5ml of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine produced in China each time Results After complete immunization,the protective efficacy was 90 88%(279/307) Among those who had higher anti-HBs titre,females were significantly more than males (P0 05) Conclusions The protective efficacy of yeast -derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine produced in China reaches 90 88% and the titer of anti -HBs at the ninth month are enhanced with the frequency and time of vaccination


In a method for manufacturing a trim part (1), the space between a flat decorative material (5) and a support (3) is filled with foam. According to the invention it is provided that the decorative material (5) during foaming to the auszuschaumenden area around is pressed peripherally sealed to the interior side surface of the support (3). In this case, the dissipation of the to be displaced during foaming by the air while foam density, but at least partially non-gas-tight structure of the carrier (3) take place. For this purpose, the support (3) can be gas-sealed in regions by locally compressing a gas-permeable in itself blank before placing it in the foaming tool. The invention further relates to a manufacturable by the method cowling.


Heat transfer boundary conditions have significant influence on the FEM analysis of the steel hot extrusion process using glass lubricant. However, the determination of heat transfer coefficient between billet and tooling lacked experimental basis. In order to obtain rational values of the coefficient, experimental study was conducted to measure it on thermal contact between P92 steel and H13 steel separated by glass lubricant. The influence of contact temperature, contact pressure and lubricant thickness was investigated. The obtained results can provide experimental basis for the determination of heat transfer boundary conditions for steel hot extrusion.


Spinel nanocrystalline CoxZn1-xFe2O4(x=0.2,0.5 and 0.8)ferrite powders were synthesized with polyacrylamide gel method. The analysis methods of X-ray,transmission electron microscope(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),and wave-guide were used to characterize the product. The results show that the metal-oxygen(M-O) characteristic absorption peak of FT-IR,the lattice parameter and electromagnetic property of the CoxZn1-xFe2O4 are dependant on Co2+ ion content. When x in the CoxZn1-xFe2O4 was 0.2,0.5 or 0.8 respectively,the Fe-O characteristic absorption peak was 561,cm-1,579,cm-1 and 584,cm-1 correspondingly in the FT-IR spectra,and the average diameter of the CoxZn1-xFe2O4 crystalline particles was 30.9,nm,28.5,nm and 34.5,nm correspondingly,calculated from X-ray diffraction patterns. With the increase of Co2+ ion content,the lattice parameter of CoxZn1-xFe2O4 decreased from 0.847,4,nm to 0.840,9,nm,and the dielectric loss(tan e),magnetic loss(tan μ)and reflection loss obviously increased in the frequency range of measurement.


Anti-racism in Europe operates in political, policy, and civic spaces, in which organizations try to counter racial discrimination and violence. This paper applies a textual analysis to the European discourse of the transnationally connected anti-racism movement that shaped the European Union (henceforth EU) anti-racism action plan 2020–2025. The plan seeks to address structural racism in the EU through an intersectional lens. Alana Lentin, however, cautions that the structuring principles of anti-racism approaches can obscure "irrefutable reciprocity between racism and the modern nation-state". Against the backdrop of a critique intersectionality mainstreaming in global anti-racist movements, this paper draws on Kimberly Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality to critically examine the practices outlined in the EU anti-racism action plan to understand (1) the extent to which the EU anti-racism action addresses the historical baggage of European imperialism, (2) the influence of transnational anti-racism organizations such as the European Network Against Racism (henceforth ENAR) in reinforcing universalisms about notions of humanity in anti-racism activism through language and (3) the limitations that the EU anti-racism action plan poses for the empowerment of racially marginalized groups of people.


Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a major public health problem which can lead to serious short and long- term health effect to the mother and the newborn. Hence, the objective of this study is to find out the determinants of immediate adverse pregnancy outcomes in tertiary care hospital in South India. The study comprised of antenatal mothers admitted for delivery in selected tertiary care hospital in Belgaum, Karnataka, India from 10th November, 2021 to 20th January 2022. All registered deliveries in the study period have been included, comprises of 101. Bivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with outcome variables. A significance level of 5% was used to decide the significance of statistical tests. The mean age in years (± SD) of the mother was 24.6 (± 3.9). The average cost invested for a family health check-up in a year was Rupees 18,099. The average birth weight of the newborn was 2.7 kg, while the minimum weight of the newborn was 1.4 kg, and the maximum weight was 3.8 kg. The average week of gestation for the first-time with respect to antenatal care visit of pregnant women was 9.6 weeks. The average weight of the women was 47.6 kg during first antenatal care visit and 61.5 kg during last antenatal care visit. Adverse outcomes reported were post-partum hemorrhage was 7.9%, low birth weight 26.7%, preterm delivery 28.7%, anemia 53.5%, neonatal physiological and jaundice 15.8%. However, use of mode of transportation during antenatal care visit was found to be significant factor for preterm delivery. Every fourth baby was low birth weight, and every fourth women have preterm delivery and every second woman was anemic. Socioeconomic, demographic and chronic illness was associated with immediate adverse pregnancy outcomes.


The Analysis of the use of Prescription Antibiotics at Outpatient Clinics in Rural Three-level Medical Institutions in Shandong and Ningxia Province


The invention for example relates to a novel process using a copper carbonate and iron sulfate (or derivatives thereof) for producing the (meth) acrylic acid polymer in aqueous solution, the polymer has a molecular mass of less than 8,000 g / mol.


A rapid, simple, visual and sensitive technique for measuring DNA breakage in individual mammalian cells in response to a test agent. A cell is immobilized in agarose and made permeable and the broken DNA migrates out under the influence of the electric field. A damaged cell has the appearance of a comet with a brightly fluorescent cell body and a tail whose length and fluorescence intensity are related to the number of DNA-strand breaks induced by the test agent.


The existing adaptive beamforming algorithms are known to degrade if some of underlying assumptions on the environment, sources, or sensor array become violated and this may cause even slight mismatches between the actual and presumed array responses to the desired signal. Similar types of degradation can take place when the signal array response is known precisely but the training sample size is small. In this paper, on the basis of constrained-LMS (CLMS) algorithm, we propose a robust constrained-LMS (RCLMS) algorithm. Our robust constrained-LMS algorithm provides excellent robustness against the desired signal mismatches, offers fast convergence rate and makes the mean output array SINR consistently close to the optimal one. Computer simulations show better performance of our RCLMS algorithm as compared with the classical CLMS algorithm.


For pt.XVI see ibid., vol.9, no.3, p.21 et seq. (1993). Early investigations into partial discharge (PD) phenomena are reviewed to illustrate how little has changed and how much has, in some respects, been repeated during the forty years from 1940 to 1980. The early days of PD research included studies of PD in gas-filled cavities in oil-impregnated paper insulation, broad studies of PD in high voltage apparatus and dielectric materials, and research into PD in turbine generator insulation systems. The development of PD test techniques, development of test apparatus, and development of PD-related standards are discussed.<<ETX>>


Patients are aware when even minimal bulbosity appears secondary to acne rosacea. Many suffer psychic trauma as a result. Early surgical treatment of this entity eliminates disfiguring hypertrophy. We advocate early surgical treatment of even minimal rhinophyma.


The Z-source solid-state circuit breaker, specially designed for DC power systems, was introduced for having the quick and automatic response to fault. Two modified Z-source breaker designs have been proposed to operate at medium voltage DC. Compared to the existing Z-source breakers, the proposed designs will mitigate the excessive spike current problem during thyristor switching and limit the fault current reflection to the DC load side. One of the topologies will also provide a scope for reducing the breaker component size to get a significant improvement in fault clearing time.


Source Citation Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud L, Simonetti R, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Dat...


This paper presents a new modeling method – threedimensional (3D) modeling with movable point cloud data - for the mine tunnel/goaf. Compared with the traditional rigid modeling methods, the method put forward in this paper could be considered as a flexible modeling method. The concept of "movable point" means the point can be moved within a certain range in respect to certain rules by changing its 3D coordinate values. In this case, the construction and analysis of the 3D model is more efficient. Furthermore, we parallelize our method with multi-threading technique to improve the algorithm's performance. Experimental result shows that ourmodeling method is effective for integrated modeling, and asignificant speedup is obtained in the parallel version of thealgorithm.


In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Lankelma et al. [(1)][1] report on doxorubicin gradients in biopsies of breast tumors from patients. The gradients are pronounced 2 h after i.v. injection and become negligible 24 h later. Gradients of anthracyclins in tumor spheroids [(2][2] [, 3)][3] ,


The Finnish irredentist wars were part of the political chaos during and after World War I and the Russian revolutions. However, the roots of the irredentism laid deep in the Finnish national movement, where both a romantic and a scientific fascination of the "family" of Baltic Finnic peoples had been essential. The idea of Greater Finland, usually described as stretching from Finland to the Lakes Ladoga and Onega, the White Sea and the Arctic Ocean, became part of the Finnish resistance movement during World War I. The Finnish Civil War opened the ideological and political path for a war policy and lifted the radicals of the resistance movement to top levels in the state and army. During the Civil War, both Red and White Finland showed considerable interest, both in theory and practice, in incorporating East Karelia into Finland. Keywords: East Karelia; Finland; Finnish irredentist wars; Russian revolutions; White Army


Ancient scholars paid little attention to fame and wealth while modern scholars seek them. Ancient scholars had no fixed forms for the presentation of their scholarly research while modern scholars devote themselves to writing academic theses. (Their books are in fact their lengthened theses.) Ancient scholars believed in "simplicity and easiness" while modern scholars prefer "additions" to "deletions". The academic research of ancient scholars was characterized by popularity, but modern scholars become increasingly pedantic. Ancient scholars placed emphasis on both writing and oral narration, but modern scholars attach much more importance to the former.


Context: A quality patient diagnosis and clinical management are largely depending upon the availability of reliable medical diagnostic equipment. However, in Indian scenario, the lack of preventive maintenance, nonavailability of technology and spare parts, and nonavailability of required funds for maintenance are mainly responsible for the failure of equipment maintenance, and hence, their proper utilization. Aims: This study was focused to find out the deficiency in the utilization coefficient (UC) of medical diagnostic equipment and the various factors causing the under-utilization of these equipment. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary health care setup at Chandigarh. Approximately, 30 medical diagnostic equipment were studied for their UC and simultaneously a perception based analysis was conducted, where the faculty and staff members concerned with the administrative matters and use of that particular medical diagnostic equipment were concerned. Factors such as low accessibility, obsolescence, break-down, affordability, availability of trained manpower, nonavailability of consumables and spares, maintenance delays, limited working hours, and restricted availability were taken into account. Results: On an average, 23% of these medical diagnostic equipment were not adequately utilized due to one reason or the other. Conclusions: It was concluded that the most crucial factors affecting the utilization of medical diagnostic equipment as per the perception of the respondents were obsolescence, nonavailability of spares, and maintenance delays.


The paper offers a detailed analysis of the best known Italian medieval text "Cantico delle creature" by Francis of Assisi. Considered are the authenticity and the period of creating the text, as well as its main religious and philosophical images. The text is regarded alongside with the culture of the turning point epoch of religious crisis, as an evidence in favor of emerging profound alterations in the medieval man's mentality on the threshold of Renaissance.


The invention discloses a kangaroo bone extract and an extraction method thereof, wherein the extraction method comprises: taking kangaroo bone, cleaning, grinding, carrying out acid digestion to demineralize, adopting a protein extraction solution to further carry out multiple digestions, adopting organic solvent leaching to remove impurities, and drying to obtain kangaroo bone extract protein particles. With the extraction method, per g of the protein particles contains 9.5-10.7 mg of protein, 4.8-6.13 mg of osteocalcin, and 4.35*10 ng of bone morphogenetic protein; and mixtures of more than 500 proteins can be extracted from the kangaroo bone, wherein the proteins comprise osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone morphogenetic protein, alkaline phosphatase, insulin-like growth factor and the like, wherein more than 30 proteins are related to bone metabolism, provide ideal promotion effects for induction of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into bone cells and cartilage cells, and can be used for preventing and treating bone joint diseases such as osteoporosis and the like. In addition, the kangaroo bone extract protein particles obtained by using the extraction method contain a lot of proteins and related effective components, an extraction effect is good, the kangaroo bone extract protein particles can be used as base raw materials of health products and drugs for prevention and treatment of bone joint diseases, and qualities and effects of kangaroo products are increased.


Apparatus and methods for impact testing of a transparent substrate are provided. The apparatus includes a base (110) for receiving the transparent substrate (112), the base having a curved surface (124) about which the transparent substrate is bent by a first fixture (130) and a second fixture (132). An abrasive sheet (136) is disposed between the transparent substrate and an impacting object (138) which is released from above the substrate such that the force from the impacting object causes damage to the transparent substrate while the transparent substrate is bent about the curved surface.


Steady and unsteady simulations are conducted on the investigation of the deterministic unsteady phenomenon in the first stage of NASA 67. Firstly results from steady and unsteady simulations are compared and typical rotor/stator interactions are analyzed. Then the distributions of deterministic stresses in the blade passage and the components of deterministic stresses based on velocity decomposition at the rotor/stator interface are studied. The discussions can reveal some shortcomings of the present deterministic stresses models and make some contributions to the modeling development.


Presents a continuous research effort concerning the animation function in the development of the Activity-Based Construction (ABC) modeling and simulation system. ABC animation uses the constructed ABC simulation model as the animation background, and pre-created images of the simulation entities move around along individual execution paths on the ABC model. A library of icons consisting of common construction entities has been created in the ABC system. To perform the animation function in ABC only involves one simple additional task for the user: to select an appropriate icon for a simulation entity.


The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an instructional experiment in Chinese reading and writing. The experimental condition included thematic instruction, increasing the amount of reading, and increasing the use of vernacular instructional materials. The subjects completed pretests and post-tests involving writing abstracts, which were scored according to the following four criteria: grasping the main point, composition and rhetoric, sentence construction and punctuation, and correct use of terminology. The sample consisted of 44 first- year university students, and t-tests were used to analyze the results. The results reflected significant changes in the overall reading and writing performance of the total sample after instruction. Further analysis revealed significant changes due to instruction among both male and female students and among students in both the Department of Child Care and Education and the Department of Corporate Management.


The paper analyzes the dynamics of the let-off motion in a high-speed loom. The corresponding dynamic parameters, which could verify the theoretical model, are identified based on the method of ERA(Eigen-system Realization Algorithm)in experiment. The results show there is almost no difference for the natural frequency between theory and experiment. On the other hand, the damping ration obtained by ERA, Which is hardly determined in theory, can also be utilized for the further theory analysis.


Objective To investigate the infection status of rabies virus in dogs by detecting the virus antigen in dog brain samples in the mountain area in Lishui,Zhejiang province. Methods A total of 134 brain samples from the sick dogs,the suspected sick dogs and the dogs looking health were taken,and the virus antigen was detected by using direct fluorescent antibody method (DFA). Results Nine samples were positive,accounting for 6.72%(9/134),and eight were from the dogs which looked abnormal and bit people or other dogs causing human or dog rabies. Among 126 brain samples of the dogs looking health,one was positive with the positive rate of 0.79% (1/126). Conclusion It was the first time to use DFA to detect rabies virus in Lishui,which indicated that rabies virus transmitted in dogs in the endemic area and the dog rabies epidemic was in expansion.


This article proposes a Gysel type dual‐band balanced‐to‐unbalanced (BTU) power divider (PD) for equal power division. The proposed PD has out‐of‐phase (phase difference between two output signal is 180°) characteristic. Standard [S] matrix for the dual‐band PD is derived from mixed mode [S] matrix. Analysis is carried out to obtain design equations of the PD. The proposed PD is designed for a frequency ratio of 1.91. The two design frequencies are 2.2 and 4.2 GHz. A prototype is fabricated to validate theory and design equations. Measurement results show the dual‐band nature and out‐of‐phase characteristic of PD. Size of the fabricated prototype is 0.52λg × 0.29λg. The proposed PD configuration can also be used for high power application.


THE first two volumes of German documents published by the western powers contain a number of military documents cattered among the diplomatic papers. This practice has been carried much further in the second than in the first volume. The fact and the manner of inserting these documents are open to serious question. What is the purpose of this publication? Is it to present the diplomatic negotiations of the Third Reich as recorded in the documents of the German foreign oice and chancellery, or is it to illuminate the foreign policy of the Hitler regime? If it is the first, then the collection should be restricted to diplomatic documents, with footnotes or editorial notes referring to other sources. If it is the latter, then a wide variety of documents, economic and political as well as diplomatic and military, must be included. The relative merits and problems of these approaches will not be considered here, but it seems that the editors of the publication, particularly in the case of the second volume, have not really faced the issue. Basically, they followed the first course-to present the diplomatic negotiations and then found it advisable to insert a few previously published military documents in order to "give a clearer and more balanced picture."I The decision to include some military documents in a collection of diplomaLtic papers has some very significant implicatiorls. If the editors are to avoid producing distortions they must consider at least four points: (I) the proper selection of military documents or parts of military documents for insertion in the collection; (2) the separation of the military from the diplomatic documents; (3) the special translation roblems presented by military documents; and (4) the inclusion and explanation of file marks. I shall endeavor to show to what extent the editors have neglected these points. Concerning the first point, the editors, in making their selection, depended on the choice of documents made by the prosecution at the


Tour conductor plays very important role for tourist"s interest induction, boredom decrease, tour-team building, tourist satisfaction improvement, etc. It can be said that the success or failure of the entire tour is dependent on tour conductor"s interactivity with tourists. This empirical study tried to find out the answer for the research questions whether tour conductor"s interactivity with tourists has impact on trust in tour conductor and this trust has impact on relational bonds. As a result of hypotheses test, tour conductor"s interactivity had significant effect on trust in tour conductor by the order of response, individualization, connectivity, and control interactivity factor. Trust had also significant effect by the order on emotional bonds, normative bonds, and transactional bonds. These findings were used for strategical suggestions for managing customer relationship.


Abstract In addition to regions of time-mean easterly winds, the tropical atmosphere contains substantial areas of men westerlies in both upper and lower troposphere. Their existence is thought to be related to the large-scale atmospheric response to regional convective heating and, ultimately, to the latent heating and sea surface temperature distribution in the tropics. It has been hypothesized that regions of upper tropospheric equatorial westerlies act as efficient ducts or corridors for transient and stationary extratropical modes deep into the tropics and even to the other hemisphere. Furthermore, it has been argued that the degree of efficiency depended upon the strength of the local equatorial westerlies, thus inducing a probable distinct seasonal and interannual variability in interactions between the hemispheres and between the extratropics and low latitudes. These hypotheses are tested in the present study using an 11-year National Meteorological Center (NMC) climate data set. Large positive pa...


The drop-out rate in South African universities is of concern because it is is costing the government substantial amounts of funding. There are historical reasons why there is a high drop-out rate, these reasons stem from the Apartheid era and how it had an impact on our education system. In this study we aim to shed light on whether the marks that students anticipate achieving are aligned to the marks that they obtain on assessments. Examining this link could shed light on whether first-year students have realistic views of the academic demands at university. This is done by training 6 different models namely Bagging, Random Forest, Decision table, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes and Multi-Layer Perceptron. All the models are trained using a K-Fold cross validation K=5 to achieve a 80:20 split of training and test data. The best performing model is the Logistic Regression model with 0.692982 accuracy but with the problem in had it is found that the best model to use is the Decision table due to it's ability to classify students that failed the year with a recall of 0.719 for class "Fail".


Adsorption law of bamboo-charcoal for heavy metal ions was explored in aqueous solution,through adsorption capabilities research of bamboo-charcoal for heavy metal ions,such as mercury(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),zinc(Ⅱ),cadmium(Ⅱ),chromium(Ⅵ).Influencing factors including ionic form,the initial concentration of heavy metal ion in solution,mass of bamboo-charcoal,adsorption temperature,bamboo-charcoal size and performance were studied.It provided a scientific reference for applications of bamboo-charcoal in treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions.


Abstract: The sums of i.i.d. random vectors with compactly supported a nd bsolutely continuous distribution are considered. Under some conditions the strong form of the local limit theorem for large deviations is proved. In passing the asymptotic behaviour of the moment generating function as well as possi ble non-degenerate limit laws for the natural exponential family of distributions ar e established.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Unbinding Dynamics of weakly adhered vesicle on a substrate SUNITA CHATKAEW, MARC GEORGELIN, MARC LEONETTI — Unbinding dynamics of a vesicle adhering weakly on a substrate by hydrodynamic force is characterized in our works. Vesicle shapes on a substrate are governed by adhesion energy, gravity and curvature energy. Several regimes of unbinding dynamics are observed from inflated vesicles until the deflated ones. Water film growth between the membrane and the substrate and the reduction of contact area are monitored. In the case of inflated vesicle, the unbinding dynamics shows the growth of water film with the same contact area. After this lag time, the radius of the contact area decreases strongly following a 1/2 power law. When the vesicles are more deflated, the unbinding is then just a strong reduction of the contact area at a constant thickness of water film. Lipidic tube can be found in the case of a strong applied hydrodynamic force on a deflated vesicle occupying a large contact area.


The introduced common wasp, Vespula vulgaris, is causing problems around the world, particularly on New Zealand. The wasps have big effects on the native animal life and the community structure. On ...


To get a clear idea of the phase state of matter it is necessary to understand the concept of phase. The term 'phase' can be defined structurally and thermodynamically. It is part of a system separated from other parts by interfaces and differing from them in thermodynamic properties. A phase must possess sufficient spatial extension for the concepts of pressure, temperature and other thermodynamic properties to be valid. Structurally, phases differ in the order of mutual arrangement of their molecules. Depending on this order, there are three phase states, namely: crystalline, liquid and gaseous. Polymer substances possess high molecular mass and hence their boiling points must be very high. They decompose when heated, and their decomposition temperatures are always far below their boiling points. Due to this, polymeric substances cannot be converted to the gaseous state and exist only in the condensed state—liquid or solid. A study of the phase states and ordering of polymers reveals a number of specific features related to the large size of their molecules. It is pertinent to discuss the possibility of formation of an ordered state in a polymer system. In any ordering process, the existence of short-range and long-range orders are defined by the distance over which the order extends, vis-a-vis, the dimensions of the monomers. A polymer is associated with two types of structural elements: monomers and chains. Hence, while discussing short-range or long-range order, it is informative to assign which of these elements is ordered. In practice, the existence of long-range order may comprise the arrangement of both structural elements. It is clear that long-range order of monomers in one dimension can generate a linear chain of polymers.


Time series land cover maps play a key role in monitoring the dynamic change of land use. To obtain classification maps with better spatial-temporal consistency and classification accuracy, this study used an algorithm that incorporated information from spatial and temporal neighboring observations in a hidden Markov model (HMM) to improve the time series land cover maps initially produced by a support vector machine (SVM). To investigate the effects of different initial distributions and transition probability matrices on the classification of the HMM, we designed different experimental schemes with different input elements to verify this algorithm with Landsat and HJ satellite images. In addition, we introduced spatial weights into the HMM to make effective use of spatial information. The experimental results showed that the HMM considered that spatial weights could eliminate the vast majority of illogical land cover transition that may occur in previous pixel-wise classification, and that this model had obvious advantages in spatial-temporal consistency and classification accuracy over some existing classification models.


This article proposes a new experimental technique to simultaneously measure radial die swell and velocity profiles of polystyrene melt flowing in the capillary die of a constant shear rate rheometer. The proposed technique was based on parallel coex- trusion of colored melt-layers into uncolored melt-stream from the barrel into and out of the capillary die. The size (thickness) ratio of the generated melt layers flowing in and out of the die was monitored to produce the extrudate swell ratio for any given radial position across the die diameter. The radial velocity profiles of the melt were measured by introducing relatively light and small particles into the melt layers, and the times taken for the particles to travel for a given distance were measured. The proposed experimental technique was found to be both very simple and useful for the simultaneous and accurate measurement of radial die swell and velocity profiles of highly viscous fluids in an extrusion process. The variations in radial die swell pro- files were explained in terms of changes in melt velocity, shear rate, and residence time at radial positions across the die. The radial die swell and velocity profiles for PS melt determined experimentally in this work were accurate to 92.2% and 90.8%, respectively. The overall die swell ratio of the melt ranged from 1.25 to 1.38. The over- all die swell ratio was found to increase with increasing piston speed (shear rate). The radial extrudate swell profiles could not be reasoned by the shear rate change, but were closely linked with the development of the velocity profiles of the melt in the die. The die swell ratio was high at the center (� 1.9) and low (� 0.9) near the die wall. The die swell ratio at the center of the die reduced slightly as the piston speed was increased. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1960-1969, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.


vic Part 1. [Hydroxy(organosulfonyloxy)iodo]arenes in Organic Synthesis vic vic vic Part II. Recollections on the Role of Serendipity in Our Researches on [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo] benzene


Enteroviruses (EVs) are members of the genus Enterovirus within the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, and consist of 12 species, including EV-A, EV-B, EV-C, and EV-D, which are associated with human infections. Coxsackievirus B6 (CV-B6) belongs to the species EV-B, which currently consists of 63 serotypes, including echovirus (serotypes 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, 29–33), coxsackievirus group A (CVA9), coxsackievirus group B (CV-B, serotypes 1–6), the newly identified EVs (serotypes EV-B69, B73–75, B77–88, B93, B97–98, B100–101, B106–107, and B110–113), and the simian enterovirus SA5. EVs are small non-enveloped viruses containing 60 copies of each of the capsid proteins (VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1) and enclose a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. The viral RNA (approximately 7.4–7.5 kb) contains a long open reading frame flanked by a 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and a 3′-UTR. The 5′-UTR is about 740–750 bp in length and contains a cloverleaf structure and a secondary structure called the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) involved in the replication and internal initiation of translation of genomic RNA. A single polyprotein translated from the RNA strand is first cleaved into 3 polyprotein precursors: P1, P2, and P3. P1 is processed to yield 4 structural proteins (VP1–VP4), whereas P2 and P3 are the precursors of nonstructural proteins 2A–2C and 3A–3D, respectively. CV-B is classified into six serotypes (CV-B1–CVB6), and can cause a variety of serious human diseases including acute myocarditis, acute aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. CV-B6 is one member of the CV-B viruses and the prototype strain CV-B6 (strain Schmitt/PHI/1953) was isolated in the Philippines in 1953. Unlike other serotypes of CV-B, which are viruses with high detection rates and wide distributions, CV-B6 was rarely reported and only a few nucleotide sequences were available in the GenBank; only three complete genome sequences (Strains Schmitt, DUCT, and LEV15) have been published. The three CV-B6 complete genome sequences had very high nucleotide identity with each other, with only 10–18 nucleotide substitutions (4–10 amino acid substitutions), indicating that the strains DUCT and LEV15 were more like variants of the CV-B6 strain Schmitt than the epidemic strains. Hence, in the present study, the first two full-length genome sequences of Chinese CV-B6 strains were determined and compared with those of other EV-B viruses. The two Chinese CV-B6 strains, 99148/XZ/CHN/ 1999 and X0012/XZ/CHN/2000 (hereafter referred to as 99148 and X0012), were isolated from two healthy children in the Xigazê Prefecture and Lhasa City of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Stool samples from the 2 children were collected and sent to National Polio Laboratory in China supporting the Global Poliovirus Eradication Initiative. To maintain the high level of sensitivity of acute flaccid paralysis cases surveillance system in Tibet, 150 stool samples were collected from healthy children under 5 years old since 1996 due to the number of acute flaccid paralysis cases is too little (less than ten cases each year). The stool sampls were processed according to the standard procedures recommended by the World Health Organization. The samples were then inoculated into the following 2 cell lines: human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2). An EV-like cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in both RD and HEp-2 cells. Viral RNA was extracted from infected cell culture supernatants that produced typical CPE in RD


This paper presents an investigation into the impact of integrating Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons in mobile guide applications in heritage sites. We present findings from the evaluation of a BLE beacon app, with visitors at a historic building in the UK midlands. Our development and evaluation framework focused on the visitor experience, particularly how the introduction of the app impacts visitor perceptions of learning and enjoyment, and of the historic building more generally as an environment for learning. We also explored how use of the app impacts visitors' use and engagement with the space in terms of length of visit, how they navigate the space, where they stop, in what sequence, etc. We found significant improvement in visitor perceptions of how much they learned during the visit and how much they enjoyed their visit. We also found that the app had a positive impact on visitor perceptions of the site as a learning environment, and an overall positive impact on the length of the visit. Visitors were asked to rate tours that used BLE beacons to identify location at different levels. We found that tours that used beacons to identify points of interest within a room scored higher than tours that used beacons to identify a room, and that visitors who took both kinds of tours reported more learning but their perceived enjoyment was lower.


On the basis of exploration experience of approximately 20 years in Saihantala Sag,a conclusion can be drawn that the main reason for unsuccessful exploration activities is the absence of effective reservoirs,thus,finding favorable reservoir areas plays crucial role in hydrocarbon exploration in the sag.Through analyzing sedimentary facies,distribution of sand bodies,diagenesis and reservoir-influencing factors of main exploration target horizons in the Lower Cretaceous,favorable reservoir areas are synthetically evaluated,which shall provide important bases for hydrocarbon exploration in the sag.


The final project (travail de fin d'etudes, TFI) which nurses complete in the first stage of their training is currently the last piece of assessment before they are granted a state nursing diploma. Most pedagogical teams choose to introduce students to research, and consequently seem to see this project as a valuable professionalization tool. The project, which is carried out at the end of their training, allows students to bring together different forms of knowledge: scientific knowledge, savoir-faire and savoir etre, practical knowledge, and so on. Is this really the case? The research presented in this article identifies the forms of knowledge used in these projects. Fifty-three final projects by nursing students were analyzed. These projects came from five training institutions, all of which differ in the training tools they use.


This paper is an overview of the acoustic means developed by 01dB-METRAVIB for area protection. This topic involves multi-sensors (acoustic, seismic, video camera, radars, perimetric sensors…), signal processing for intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance applications, as well as fusion, in order to achieve good detection performance with low false alarm rates while reducing the requirement for human resources. Regarding multi-sensor developments, and for more than ten years, from the Bosnian to the most recents conflicts, the company has acquired a lot of experience in the area of acoustic systems for detecting and locating various threats (small arm fire, mortar fire, vehicle, helicopters, aircrafts, etc.). Combat-proven, the PILARw products are now used by many Armed and Security Forces around the globe. A complete observation system (PIVOT) interfaced with PILARw allows threat recognition and visual tracking. For vehicle and personnel detection, PILARMAN and SNAKE systems have been evaluated. 01dB-METRAVIB is now integrating the Oper@ wireless technology initially developed for environmental noise monitoring in order to provide a complete sensor suite for acoustic detection. Recent advances in acoustic signal processing supported, in part, by the French DGA, allow detecting, locating, tracking, classifying and reporting of potential threats in real-time. The main algorithm improvements include: false alarm reduction, multi-target localisation based on high-resolution array processing, tracking technique, target recognition and data fusion. For defence applications, the company has been developing an acoustic concept based on unattended ground sensors organised in clusters with the benefit of multi-sensor developments and of advanced signal processing. Each cluster is composed of a suite of acoustic and seismic sensors distributed over the controlled zone. A technology including structured multi-sensor, wireless communication capability and advance data processing constitutes an innovative solution for area protection. For homeland security the developed systems can be used for border surveillance as well as for securing events and installations against terrorist attacks. The various applications include international conferences and popular meetings, building protection, airport protection, vehicle protection (VIPs, convoys, etc.).


This communication is devoted to nature determination and quantification by PIXE of metals contained in proteins after their separation by PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). After the electrophoresis, the gel is dried and each track is scanned with a 2.5 MeV proton beam which triggers metal X-ray fluorescence and then, allows to determine the type of metals contained in an electrophoretic band. For quantitative determination of the amount of the metal contained inside the band, the characteristic X-ray peak area is compared with those obtained with polyacrylamide gels doped with the same metal. The normalization has been achieved by using RBS measurements on the gel itself. The procedure presented seems to be a very useful multielementary method for the metal content analysis and for the determination of the metal amounts inside proteins after their separation by electrophoresis. Furthermore it allows to check if metals remain bound to proteins.


In analytical chemistry applications, statistical calibration models are commonly used to estimate the true value of an unknown specimen. In this article, we consider a heteroscedastic controlled calibration model in which both dependent and independent variables are subject to heteroscedastic measurement errors. The main task of using this model is to estimate the true value of an unknown regressor (independent variable) under the condition that a set of observations on its corresponding response (dependent variable) is available. We introduce four estimation methods to the problem of interest, including generalized least squares (GLS), modified least squares, corrected score, and expectation maximization‐based (EM‐based) methods. Furthermore, an interval estimation based on an asymptotic method is also derived. We compare their performance through detailed simulation studies. In consequence, GLS and EM‐based methods are recommended in practical use. A real data example is given to illustrate the application of the calibration model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract : This paper examines operational deception (OPDEC) as the operational commander's key to achieving surprise and victory. The paper describes what OPDEC is and discusses some important principles for conducting successful deception operations. In the context of those principles, it reviews four highly successful deception cases--the 1956 Sinai Campaign, the 1967 Six Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and Desert Storm, highlighting significant lessons learned and their relevance for the operational commander today. It then addresses some challenges for the operational commander both in conducting and countering OPDEC. The paper closes with recommendations and conclusions focused on the relevance of OPDEC to the operational commander today.


This paper identifies three Web interaction types within international marketing with varying degrees of intensity in the interaction between Web site owner and customer. The learning process concerns the handling of the increase in the interaction intensity. The following priority of the interaction types is given by the Danish companies, 1) Brochure, 2) Manual and 3) Shop. This paper will show that this priority corresponds to the intensity level of the interactions and thus also to the demands made on the internal organization of the company. These demands are discussed in terms of automation, formalization, integration and evaluation. Introduction to the Issue of the Paper Marketing is defined as the managing actions of different activities within the company: maintaining the interaction with present customers as well as starting the interaction between potential customers and the company, and the navigation on company Web sites is based upon interaction, the Internet gives new opportunities for marketing strategy. The various site types on the Web have been classified by numerous authors and are inherent in much Internet literature. Most of the typologies are determined by the technology available as in (Quelch & Klein, 1996) "Information, Support, Service & Transactions" or "Internet presence, Content, Online storefront" (Hoffman, Novak & Chatterjee, 1995; Peters, 1998). The focus of the interaction types, presented in this paper, is not the technological issues, but exclusively the level of interaction intensity and the demands made on the internal organization of the company. The intensity refers to the expression of a great concentration in and earnestness of the purpose with the Web site. Like the purposes vary between the three Web interaction types, the Brochure, the Manual and the Shop, so does the level of interaction intensity. The interaction has two points of departure, the customer will learn about the company, its products, etc.; the Web site owner will learn what the customer learns at the Web site. Thus, the issue raised in this paper is to understand international marketing on the Web as a question about the learning process rather than technological issues. The Longitudinal and the Cross Sectional Study The paper is based upon two studies a longitudinal and a cross sectional study. The longitudinal study, in which the typology is based on monitoring 43 Danish companies and their use of the Web at four points in time, started in November 1996. It was repeated in October 1997, July 1998 and July 1999. In 1996, these 43 Danish companies were representative for the main part of Danish companies on the Web within international marketing. Their Web sites were in English or another foreign language and their addresses and Phone/fax-numbers were represented in an international way – that is, with a definition of their country and the international dialing codes. The Web sites of the 43 companies were downloaded and described. In 1996, the set of data contained 43 Danish companies, whereas in 1999 it was reduced to 37 companies as some companies are out of business, some have stopped their international activities and some are bought by other companies. The investigation concerns both industrial and service companies from both the private and the public sector. The data contains companies within the areas of: Internet service providing, IT-service, Web design, industrial machinery, beverage, banking, magazines, cleaning solution, power supply, medicine, consulting, ports, hearing aid, commercial council, pumps, shipping, credit cards, toys, pipelines, modems, network cards, software, weather forecast, company directory, contact bureau, telecom, museum, airport, and records. The interaction types developed from the longitudinal study were used in a cross sectional study concerning Danish manufacturing companies in the region of North Jutland (Rask, 1999). The questionnaire was sent to 110 Danish industry companies in January 1999, from which the response rate was 47%. The dispersion of size and export share was big. The average size of the companies was 118 employees; the smallest had 3 and the largest company had approximately 1000 employees. In terms of export share, the average was 62%, where the company with the smallest export share was 5% and the biggest was 98%. Findings in the Studies The findings fall into three groups. Firstly, the typology for international marketing on the Web is identified. Secondly, it seems that the interaction types represent stages in the expansion of the companies' international marketing on the Web. Thirdly, the companies' priority of the interaction types is found. On the basis of the descriptions of the 43 Web-sites, it was possible to outline three types of interaction for international marketing on the Web, namely the Brochure, the Manual, and the Shop. 1. When using the Brochure strategy, the company aims to inform their potential customers about its strengths. The company expects the customer to pick up the message and hopes that the customer will contact the company. The internationalization of the company can be extended as information about the company is spread all over the World. 2. When using the Manual strategy, the company tries to guide the customer in using the company's products and services. It is expected that the customer will experience great satisfaction with the company and its products and services. The internationalization process can be very resource demanding. The Web site relieves the pressure and thus allows the company to handle a more global presence without the customer feeling that the company is "far away". 3. When using the Shop strategy, the company aims to persuade the customers to use (or buy) their products and services. The company will be globalized since the Web site of the company will be a global shop. This way the market possibilities do not depend on the geographical localization of the company. The possible intensity of the interaction between buyer and seller at the company's Web site varies between the three interaction types. The interaction at the Brochure type is primarily based upon giving information about the company and its products. Using the Brochure strategy the interaction ends when the current or potential buyer has read the information, unless the buyer chooses to contact the company. The Manual strategy is based upon guiding the buyer in solving his problems. The level of interaction intensity is higher than when using the Brochure strategy, but not as complex as when using the Shop strategy. Guidance means that the buyer actually depends on the assistance provided by the company's Web site. If the explanations are wrong, it can make the buyer's problems even worse. The Shop has the highest intensity of interaction as it is a very complex process to make a customer able to buy and/or use the product. Having the different levels of interaction intensity in mind, one could expect that the companies will start by using the Brochure strategy and over time increase the interaction intensity when it learns how to handle the new marketing channel. However, not all companies are able to use the Shop strategy and even the Manual strategy could be difficult to use for some companies. In a longitudinal perspective, the companies' usage of the Web for international marketing showed in 1996 that approximately 50 per cent used the Brochure strategy. The Manual and the Shop strategies were each represented by approximately 25 per cent. Today, in July 1999, the picture has changed. Table 1 shows that the three types of interaction are now represented by approximately a third of the companies each. Many of the companies now using the Manual or the Shop strategies come from a lower level of interaction intensity. It is remarkable that only one company has leveled down its interaction intensity. In other words, table 1 shows that over time the companies gradually increase their interaction intensity. This is a natural consequence of the learning process. The complexity of the learning process varies from company to company, but it is important to reflect on the demands made on the company. In this picture, it is also important to stress that many companies have not changed interaction type till recently. It seems to show that it takes time to overcome the challenges and to have the resources to change interaction type. Table 1: The Change in Interaction Types Brochure 99 98 97 96 Manual 99 98 97 96 Shop 99 98 97 96 3D-Video Produ. B B B Berendsen COM B B B CapaCity Soft. M M M Araneum B B B Cabinplant M M B Copenhagen Airport S S S Belle Systems B B M Carlsberg B B B CTW S S S Den Danske Bank B B B GRUNDFOS M M M DataCompagniet S S S Engineering Weekly B B B ISS B B B DMI S S S Kampsax B B B Jyske Bank M M M Hugin Expert S S S LEC B B B Lasat M M M Kraks Forlag S S S NESA B B B Nordisk Wavin B M M LEGO S M M PBS B B B Olicom M M M Maersk Line S M M Port of Aalborg B B B Oticon M B B Novo Nordisk M B B TofKo B B B Port of Aarhus M M M Tele Danmark S S S Ramboll M B B Tycho Brahe Planetarium S S S Voices Of Wonder B B S Aalborg Commercial Council S B B B indicates that the companies used the Brochure strategy in a given year, M stands for Manual and S stands for Shop. Web references can be found at http://www.i4.auc.dk/rask/cotim99/ The cross sectional study showed that 8 from 10 companies intend to have a Web site by the end of 1999, which actually corresponds to the findings in a recent nationwide Danish survey (Forskningsministeriet, 1999). The findings also showed a positive relationship between the experience with having a Web site and the size of export share. However, the size of the company did not have any obvious relation to the experience with having a Web site. When the companies were asked to answer questions regarding the purpose of their Web site, the general picture was not only to gain an image creating


Short-term blockade of type I interferons at the time of viral infection or vaccine administration enhances immunological memory. Short-term blockade of type I interferons at the time of viral infection or vaccine administration enhances immunological memory.


Abstract : This report was generated as part of a Student Temporary Employment Program Internship from July 2006 through June 2007. The report presents basic didactic concepts and reviews recent progress in the scientific literature on atomic force microscopy (AFM). A new AFM technique is studied. The novel AFM approach is based on force and frequency modulation (FFM-AFM) that enables nondestructive AFM measurements of soft samples such as biological materials in solution. The vibrational properties of the AFM cantilever probe are examined to determine extermal conditions that the sample is likely to experience.


Most of the large cities and metropolitan areas in the world have congestion problems, especially at the peak hour. New York, San Francisco, London, Paris are all the examples, which cities have an obvious center. The commuters, who drive for work, face the wasting of money and time on the way home, and the local governments also need to solve the complaining from the citizens about the everyday congestion and improve the effectiveness of the road system. Carpool is a popular way to improve the capability of road network, reducing the unnecessary vehicles rushing into the center city and the need of parking places. In China, carpool is still a new born child, and because of the accompanying social and legal problems, there are no actual based transportation policy called carpool, and also no permit of formal carpool organization or website. But carpool is still a great idea to save money and improve the trip comfort. This dissertation is an analysis of the informal carpool in Shanghai, using a survey on the internet. The survey got back 552 respondents, who have the experience of carpool. The final data can greatly reflect the development and its market demographic.


The auditing profession: the auditing profession audit report professional ethics legal liability. The auditing process: audit responsibilities and objectives audit evidence audit planning and documentation materiality and risk the study of internal control and assessment of control risk overall audit plan and audit program audit of the sales and collection cycle audit sampling for tests of transactions completing the tests in the sales and collection cycle - accounts receivable audit sampling for tests of details of balances the effect of complex EDP systems on auditing. Application of the auditing process to other cycles: audit of the payroll and personal cycle audit of the acquisition and payment cycle: tests of controls substantive tests of transactions and accounts payable completing the tests in the acquisitions and payments cycle: verification of selected accounts audit of the inventory and warehousing cycle audit of the capital acquisition and repayment cycle audit of cash balances. Completing the audit and offering other services: completing the audit other audit attestation services and compilation engagements internal and governmental financial auditing and operational auditing.


Cogeneration of energy and clean water by incorporating direct contact membrane desalination (DCMD) and photovoltaic hybrid thermal system (PVT) into a residential building is a promising technology for addressing water and energy shortage in distant places. In this study, a microgrid integration between PVT, DCMD, and a residential building is proposed, with an end goal to meet partial electric load in the building and provide a clean water supply. A mathematical model was developed and validated to assess the system's performance. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and optimization techniques have been used. The performance of the proposed system was studied under the meteorological conditions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and under several design and operation parameters. The optimal performance of the system is found as functions of the inlet brackish water temperature to the PVT, capital and installation cost, and the desired water productivity. Results reveal that the specific cost of water (SCW) is 23.6 $/m3 achieved with a renewable energy penetration of 25%, depending on the cost of PVT and electricity price. Thus, the proposed system meets 25% of the electric demand for the residential building, while the rest is imported from the grid. In addition, the proposed system reduced the annual greenhouse gas emission by 4300 kg for a single building. This study will contribute to a better understanding of incorporating innovative clean energy and water systems such as PVT and DCMD into a residential house.


We report here a 4 μm fiber laser in HBr-filled silica hollow-core fibers (HCFs). Pumped by a 2 urn thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA), a maximum 4 μm power of ~350 mW is achieved with a conversion efficiency of about 10%. Furthermore, this system could be extended to generate widely tunable wavelength range up to 4.5 μm by using a small-range tunable 2 μm pump fiber laser, which will open a new opportunity for mid-IR fiber lasers. © 2020 The Author(s)


The orifice flow model is generally established based on the turbulent state, and the flow discharge is considered to be a constant value. In fact, the flow discharge has obvious nonlinearity under the condition of small opening and small pressure difference of the valve port, which makes the electro-hydraulic servo system more difficult to control. In order to improve the nonlinearity of the flow discharge, the paper designed different spool profile, such as the arc combined spool profile, the power curve combined spool profile, the index curve combined spool profile, and the mixed curve combined spool profile, and analyzed the flow discharge through CFD simulation and experiment. The results show that the flow discharge of the mixed curve combined spool is more linear and the residual sum of squares is the smallest, which is 2.56 × 10−3 under CFD numerical simulation and 3.26 × 10−4 under experiment. The combined spool has better linear characteristics, which can improve the control performance of the electro-hydraulic servo valve.


The purpose of this work was to develop a highly selective, sensitive, and reliable method for multi-residual analysis. A three-dimensional microporous reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanotube/magnetite hydrogel (3D-rGOPFH) composite was synthesized and utilized as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent to preconcentrate thirteen insecticides, including five organophosphorus (isocarbophos, quinalphos, phorate, chlorpyrifos, and phosalone), two carbamates (pirimor and carbaryl), two triazoles (myclobutanil and diniconazole), two pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin), and two organochlorines (2, 4′-DDT and mirex), from vegetables, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This method exhibited several major advantages, including simultaneous enrichment of different types of insecticides, no matrix effect, high sensitivity, and ease of operation. This is ascribed to the beneficial effects of 3D-rGOPFH, including the large specific surface (237 m2 g−1), multiple adsorption interactions (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, π–π stacking and hydrophobic interaction force), appropriate pore size distribution (1–10 nm), and the good paramagnetic property. Under the optimal conditions, the analytical figures of merit were obtained as: linear dynamic range of 0.1–100 ng g−1 with determination coefficients of 0.9975–0.9998; limit of detections of 0.006–0.03 ng g−1; and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 2.8–7.1% and 3.5–8.8%, respectively. Recoveries were within the range of 79.2 to 109.4% for tomato, cucumber, and pakchoi samples at the fortification levels of 5, 25, and 50 ng g−1. This effective and robust method can be applied for determining multi-classes of insecticide residues in vegetables.


India grows a diverse range of food crops, including grains, pulses, and oilseeds. In the pretext of enhanced output, a vast amount of agrochemicals are being applied indiscriminately while keeping both soil and human health factor at bay. Hence, the need of the hour is an alternative agricultural approach that can meet the needs of current food requirements while offering security against potential ecological problems. Organic farming has been shown to be a viable solution to both of these issues. Therefore, understanding the organic agriculture, area and production scenario in the world and India, management practices, scope and challenges in adopting organic agriculture is the subject of this review. Organic farming has fewer prerequisites than chemical farming, and it is capable of providing economic security to mediocre farmers in a country like India. All production practices involve eco-friendly approaches. However, fulfilling the current food requirement is quite challenging for organic farming due to some of the issues like small land holdings, scarcity of organic inputs, weed control, carbon to nitrogen ratio, low yield, insufficient marketing infrastructure, etc. Despite many challenges, organic farming has much scope due to women's employment, rural development, public health and environmental security.


A novel adaptively delayed retransmission scheme for SR ARQ in fading channel is proposed for wireless data communications, by which the link layer protocol and the physical channel are considered together for a successful deployment of effective error control strategies. Specifically, at link layer, when an information frame is corrupted, it is not retransmitted immediately but delayed for a dynamic interval to avoid deep fading period of wireless channel. To determine the dynamic delay value, an adaptive fading channel prediction algorithm is also proposed. Numerical results show that it achieves higher performance compared with the previous retransmission schemes in Rayleigh fading channels.


Padang Ganting Hot water springs, Tanah Datar regency has experienced a drastic increase in tourist visits in 3 years. Although the problem faced is that visitors often faint due to soaking in hot water and there are even some who are found dead after soaking in hot springs. In addition, visitors' neglect of health protocols in the context of preventing the transmission of Covid-19 while in the bathing area is also a problem that cannot be ruled out. This is exacerbated by the lack of information provided at the bathing location and the incompetence of the management officers in carrying out their respective duties, thereby risking the safety of visitors. Especially now that we are in the Adaptation of New Habits to fight the spread of the Coronavirus, no preventive action has been taken at this tourist attraction which refers to the Covid health protocol. The purpose of this activity is to increase the manager's understanding of K3 and CHSE (cleanliness, health, safety, and environment) at the Padang Ganting Hot Springs tourist attraction. The method of implementing this service activity begins with an initial survey in the field and then continues with Focus Group Discussion activities then training related to the implementation of CHSE (cleanliness, health, safety, environment), installation of occupational safety and health signs and signs calling for the application of CHSE and ends with monitoring and mentoring both directly and online at this tourist attraction. The result of this activity is that managers understand and implement CHSE, the availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at Padang Ganting hot springs, and the installation of occupational safety and health signs (OSH) and the installation of signboards an appeal for the application of CHSE in Padang Ganting hot springs. So, can avoid the risk of visitors fainting and even dying while soaking in the Padang Ganting Hot Springs.


Dr. Angelova summarizes the different views of experts at the meeting: definition of vernacular architecture, historic and geographical boundaries, actions and projects...


reports have indicted poverty and, to a lesser extent, lack of legislation as the main culprits in organ trading. The indictment of poverty has frequently and confidently enough been reiterated to suggest causality. Yet, while poverty must not be dismissed from the dock, several accomplices should be interrogated there as well. Were poverty alone the cause of organ trading, as one gathers from media reports, then every poor person would be a potential organ seller, but that is not the case. Admittedly, countries and communities infamous for the organ trade are poor, but poverty is not peculiar to them; others are poor too, or even poorer, yet organs are not traded there. Even rich countries have pockets of poverty. One might expect poor or homeless Westerners regularly invited to Egypt or Pakistan to sell spare kidneys to well-off Kuwaitis or Korean millionaires! But this we do not observe.


Traditional medicine is a national cultural heritage that needs to be preserved and developed to support health, one of which is the cemcem ( Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz ) plant whose leaves are used. This study aims to determine the class of chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract of cemcem leaves. The sample used in this study was cemcem leaves obtained in the Denpasar City area, Bali. Cemcem leaves were first extracted using 70% ethanol solvent, then a phytochemical test was carried out to detect the presence of active compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, triterpenoids/steroids, and tannins. After the data is obtained then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cemcem leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, triterpenoids/steroids, and tannins. The 70% ethanol extract of cemcem leaves grown in Denpasar City positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and triterpenoids/steroids. This research is an early stage to detect the content of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, triterpenoids/steroids, and tannins, therefore


In this paper, we depict a novel self-collecting, self-reconfiguring cubic robot that utilizations turning movements to change its expected geometry. Every individual module can turn to move straight on a substrate of stationary modules. The modules can utilize the same operation to perform curved and sunken moves to change planes. Every module can likewise move autonomously to cross planar unstructured situations. The modules accomplish these developments by rapidly exchanging rakish energy aggregated in an independent flywheel to the body of the robot. The framework gives a disentangled acknowledgment of the secluded activities required by the sliding solid shape model utilizing rotating. We depict the standards, the unit module equipment, and broad tests with a framework of 54 modules to create a rubik cube.


The conclusion summarizes the argument about pragmatism through the military service of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. It also considers the degree to which the war wrought cultural change to the United States.


The authors report on the in-situ formation of superconducting films of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub x/ and Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ using composite-target sputtering with substrate temperatures, T/sub s/, significantly less than those required for postannealed films. Specifically, superconducting films of BSCCO 2212 and 2223 can be sputtered onto single-crystal MgO substrates by an in-situ processing technique with T/sub czero/'s as high as 64 K and a very pronounced c-axis orientation without the need for epitaxy. Bi loss in the films can be reduced by biasing the substrate negative or increasing the total system pressure. This should provide greater control over film properties and the possibility of sputter deposition at higher substrate temperatures to see if T/sub czero/'s close to bulk can be achieved. The microstructure generally reveals a smooth matrix, with submicron to micron-sized particles protruding from it. These particles increase in size and frequency with increasing T/sub s/ and appear to be a Bi-Sr-Ca-oxide mixture. It is suggested that oxygen resputtering of the film may play a role similar to that reported for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO).


OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from 25,964 adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that the greater the duration of diagnosed diabetes, the higher the prevalence of diagnosed cancers (P < 0.0001 for linear trend). Among adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, the prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was significantly higher among men (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.6 [95% CI 1.3–1.9]) and women (1.8 [1.5–2.1]) who reported being diagnosed with diabetes ≥15 years ago than among those reporting diabetes diagnosis <15 years ago. The prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was ~1.3 times higher among type 2 diabetic adults who currently used insulin than among those who did not use insulin among both men (1.3 [1.1–1.6]) and women (1.3 [1.1–1.5]). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is an increased burden of diagnosed cancer among adults with a longer duration of diagnosed diabetes and among type 2 diabetic adults who currently use insulin.


The changes of forest degradation in North Korea have closely been related to political, economic and social conditions at all different times. The deforestation by local people for their livelihood has been accelerated when the recession has been worsened due to the 1990's collapse of socialism and the years of natural disasters, and the fall of the centralized and planned economy system. The serious recession in the 1990's has brought many changes in the North Korean society since the 2000's. Not only the underground economy, but also the market in which personal trades are occurred have been expanded as the distribution system of the planned economy system had fallen. In addition, even many state institutions have also increased timber harvest for export to acquire insufficient foreign currency. Eventually, North Korea felt the limits of utilization of forest resources under socialism then started to seek measures to restore devastated forest, while realizing the need of support from the international society. Therefore, some NGOs of South Korea started to give financial support on building tree nurseries in which seedlings for planting are produced to help the rehabilitation of the degraded forests in North Korea. Therefore, Planning of the basic directions for forest rehabilitation programs considering to economic and social conditions of North Korea are needed based on the successful rehabilitation experience of South Korea in the 1970's. First of all, relationships which was built after collapse of centrally planned economy between districts, businesses and workers must be consider to rehabilitate forests in North Korea. Secondly, due to the nature of forest rehabilitation projects this is very needs voluntary participation of resident for a long time, and then forest rehabilitation projects can create jobs for local resident, they can obtain continuous income on the forest rehabilitation projects field in order to promote resident's work in forest rehabilitation projects. Thirdly, the rate dependence on forests of the residents living must keep the level down by rural development projects going side by side with forest rehabilitation projects. Fourthly, use of exsisting forest management system in North Korea is also needed to ensure administrative power and labor for grand scale plantations in a short period of time. Meanwhile after the success of Forest Rehabilitation, it is very important to improve exsisting forest management system.


A new microcomputer-controlled photoelectric polarimeter, VATPOL, is described. The instrument can be conveniently used for either traditional (fixed) filter work or with a tilting interference filter for spectral scanning.


This thesis focuses on the evolution of U.S. airline business models from 20062015, and the impacts of these changes on other stakeholders in the U.S. air transportation system. The U.S. airline industry has been affected by increasingly volatile profit cycles since its deregulation in 1978. This volatility has led to major changes in the industry, including cost convergence between traditional Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) and Network Legacy Carriers (NLCs), multiple rounds of consolidation, and most recently a period of "Capacity Discipline" where high fuel prices and a reduced number of competitors led to slower-than-average capacity growth. The combined effects of these changes led to the emergence of a new business model: the "Ultra Low Cost Carrier" (ULCC). In this thesis, we conduct an analysis of ULCCs in the U.S. and demonstrate how these carriers' business models, costs, and effects on air transportation markets differ from those of the traditional LCCs. We also explore how the network and fleet strategies of airlines using all three business models have changed, highlighting key trends such as the decline in 50 seat jet use by NLCs and the varying network strategies of ULCCs. In the second half of the thesis, we examine how these changes in airline business models have affected other stakeholders in the U.S. transportation system. We describe how average fares have changed from 2006-2015 in the top U.S. markets. Then, using econometric models, we examine the effects of ULCC and LCC presence, entry, and exit on base airfares, and how these effects have changed over time. We also explore how evolving airline business models have impacted communities and their local airports. We find that seat capacity has grown at large hub airports from 2006-2015, whereas smaller airports have all seen declines in service levels to varying degrees. In particular, we examine how secondary airports in major metro areas have been affected by changing LCC strategies, and how the smallest airports have experienced significant declines in NLC service, yet some gains in ULCC service. Finally, we discuss the public policy implications of these service changes, and what policy options airports and communities have at both a local and national level to improve their level of commercial air service. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Belobaba Title: Principal Research Scientist of Aeronautics and Astronautics


The study was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Cucumis metuliferus fruit on the prevention and cure of Newcastle Disease (NCD) in pullets. Ninety (90) pullets were used for the experiment. The pullets were divided into 9 groups, 4 prophylactics, 4 curative and one control group. For prophylactic groups, aqueous extract of the fruit at a concentration of 2.5 g and 5.0 g/litre of water and methanolic extract of the fruit at 75 and 50 mg/litre were given to the pullets ad-libitum for two weeks and then challenged with Newcastle disease virus kudu 113 strain via intra-ocular route while for curative groups, the pullets were challenged with the virus and then treated with the aqueous and methanolic extracts of the fruits at the same concentrations. The results showed that methanolic extract of C. metuliferus at a concentration of 75 mg/l showed superior prophylactic ability recording lower clinical signs, mortality, postmortem lesions, higher antibody titre and higher white blood cell activity and also exhibited very good therapeutic potential. It was thus suggested that methanolic extract of C. metuliferus at 75 mg/l can be recommended for the control of NCD to farmers and that further studies be conducted to isolate the alkaloids of C. metuliferus responsible for these findings.


Single quantum wells of low InN concentration InGaN grown on high quality nonpolar and semipolar substrates cut from bulk GaN boules are studied by time-resolved photoluminescence techniques. Data is presented for different well widths at varying pump fluence and sample temperature to study nonlinear non-radiative recombination, radiative lifetimes, and carrier localization or separation. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective To investigate the health education needs in parents of children with congenital heart disease.Methods With convenience sampling method,questionnaires were used to collect information in the parents whose children were hospitalized in the hospital from June 2007 to December 2008.Results Significant differences were observed in the needs of education access for education manuals and posters in the parents with different education backgrounds(P0.05).The needs of health education were comparatively higher in the parents and the needs were highest in the terms of surgical procedures,surgical timing,surgical results(prognosis).Conclusion Parents whose children suffered from congenital heart disease have the strong desire for relative health knowledge and we should perform specific education for the parents with different education backgrounds so as to improve the parents' compliance to follow doctors' advice,induce a shorter hospital stays and help the sick children recover earlier.


Abstract : The objective of this grant is to conduct a variety of seismic investigations in the southwestern U.S. and to use the results to determine lithospheric structure and seismic wave propagation in the region. The 'Minor Uncle' explosion at the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) was recorded in June, 1993 and the resultant data has been interpreted in the effort to establish a lithospheric transect between the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and the WSMR. Data sets have been obtained for the tomographic study of the Mojave desert area and the initial modeling has begun to form the basis for tomographic inversions. Valuable experience with tomographic techniques has been gained by applying them to Pg phase data from the 1989 PACE (Pacific to Arizona Crustal Experiment) experience. An excellent picture of upper crustal structure in the PACE area is emerging from combining the tomographic results, Pg phase inversions, and analysis of gravity anomalies. Analysis of the eastern part of the NTS-WSMR profile reveals that the deep lithospheric effects of the Rio Grande rift are more pronounced than previously predicted and the effects extend about 100 km beyond the physiographic boundaries of the rift. An important framework has been established for the upcoming refraction experiment in the Sierra Nevada region.


To evaluate the effects of air anti-submarine Network Centric Warfare system on combat outcomes,firstly decision-making quality transformation is analyzed in information domain and cognitive domain and three measures of decision-making quality,such as completeness,correctness and currency,are given and then the measure and the metric of completeness,correctness and currency are explored in sub-domain,and finally the models of evaluating the effectiveness are presented.


A new solution technique is proposed for linear systems with large dense matrices of a certain class including those that come from typical integral equations of potential theory. This technique combines Kronecker product approximation and wavelet sparsification for the Kronecker product factors. The user is only required to supply a procedure for computation of each entry of the given matrix.
The main sources of efficiency are the incomplete cross approximation procedure adapted from the mosaic-skeleton method of the second author and data-sparse preconditioners (the incomplete LU decomposition with dynamic choice of the fill-in structure with a prescribed threshold and the inverse Kronecker product preconditioner) constructed for the sum of Kronecker products of sparsified finger-like matrices computed by the discrete wavelet transform. In some model, but quite representative, examples the new technique allowed us to solve dense systems with more than 1 million unknowns in a few minutes on a personal computer with 1 Gbyte operative memory.


Prompt surgery and skilled operational techniques have dramtically improved the visual outcome of infants with congenital cataract, but the prognosis depends more upon efficient and effective optical correction. Because of particular advantages on high optical quality for super-high hyperopia and less complications, contact lens has been the first option considered for the infantile aphakia in developed countries, however, it has not been used extensively in China where apakic glasses are commonest. This review highlights the ocular characteristics of infantile aphakia and rencent clinical studies on contact lens management of infantile aphakia after congenital cataract surgery in the hope that it will provide references for the best regimen of infantile aphakia.

Key words:
Contact lenses; Aphakia; Cataract; Infant


Current research paper deals with reinforced concrete (R.C.) beams numerical modeling and suggested strengthening procedure if it is required to create an opening within their shear zones. Strengthening is assumed to be achieved during different service load application conditions. Reinforced Concrete beams with rectangular or circular opening in shear zone; as critical regions; sustain two concentrated system of loads are tested till failure before and after performing suggested opening assessing technique by means of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer sheets (CFRP). The main aim of this research is simulating real practice situation where the beam is subjected to service loads, supported temporary by means of hydraulic jacks, opening is created and strengthening is performed then jacking supports are released. Results of achieved numerical nonlinear modeling are introduced and influence of strengthening achieving on improving assessed beams almost structural behavior such as initial cracking loads, load deflection curves, cracking patterns, failure loads & modes for reference (without opening), main un-strengthened control beams, and CFRP strengthened opening beams are introduced and analyzed in details. Some important conclusions & recommendations for designer and executive engineers are stated.