Establishing a robust causal relationship between trade and income has been difficult. Frankel and Romer (1999) uses a geographic instrument to identify a positive effect of trade on income. Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) shows that these results are not robust to controlling for omitted variables such as distance to the equator or institutions. This paper solves the omitted variable problem by generating a time-varying geographic instrument. Improvements in aircraft technology have caused the quantity of world trade carried by air to increase over time. Country pairs with relatively short air routes compared to sea routes benefit more from this change in technology. This heterogeneity can be used to generate a geography-based instrument for trade that varies over time. The time-series variation allows for controls for country fixed effects, eliminating the bias from time-invariant variables such as distance from the equator or historically determined institutions. Trade has a significant effect on income with an elasticity of roughly one-half. Differences in predicted trade growth can explain roughly 17 percent of the variation in cross-country income growth between 1960 and 1995. (JEL F14, F43, L93)


This article focuses on the differentiation between the two representations of Cloud Strife in Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children. Investigating the presentation of the imagery of the hero, this article uncovers the aspects of the Hebrew Bible in the original game, then the adopted motifs from the Christian New Testament in the sequel movie. The article tracks through the journey of the hero with the original game focused on a promised land, the revelation of the purpose of the reluctant hero and focus on an enemy as an external force. Alternatively, the movie is shown to focus on the hero that knows a purpose, adopting the imagery of baptism and focusing on an enemy that becomes an internal force. The author argues that this differentiation results in Cloud existing as a hero with two causes, resting between the testaments of the game and movie.


The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 raised public awareness of the need for increased strength in road structures and an earthquake risk management system. This study examines an earthquake risk management system capable of simulating the impact on road structures. The prototype system developed in this study was examined by using existing the road network, an 80-km section of the Tomei Expressway between Tokyo Metropolis and Gotenba City. This paper introduces this earthquake risk management system over the results of the examination. The system will be incorporated widely into expressway management, such as drafting a seismic design of road structures, reinforcement of existing structures and a risk management system. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E204151.


This paper introduces Supervised Bag of Graphs (SBoG), a supervised vocabulary learning approach for multi-modal graph-based rank aggregation tasks. In our formulation, collection objects are represented based on complementary views provided by different ranks, defined in terms of multiple modalities. Ranks are encoded into a graph (fusion graph), which is later embedded into a vector representation (fusion vector), based on a vocabulary of graph words. SBoG explores different strategies for exploring collection labels to define suitable vocabularies that lead to effective representations. Experiments considered the use of SBoG-based representations in multimedia classification tasks. Obtained results demonstrate that SBoG leads to gains up to 28% when compared with state-of-the-art and traditional approaches.


Previous work on load sharing in non-metallic gears indicated that the change in operating contact ratio is large enough to cause concern. Tests also show that premature contact between the gear teeth can lead to severe flank wear. This paper shows that predetermined amounts of tip relief are needed to minimize this form of wear from occurring. The tip relief suggested in this paper is compared to recommendations given in the British Standard. Finally, for non-metallic gears, allowances for backlash due to elastic deformation of the teeth are suggested.


The paper presents a new battery management system for a lithium ion battery pack for more efficient operation and sturdy. The new system contains an embedded microcontroller to track the energy content of cell battery, optimize the output current, and to provide extensive feedback of all the measurements taken. This system sends all data to a telemetry system so that the data can be relayed to a laptop via wireless signal. Two unique advance features of the BMS are its ability to optimize the battery pack energy and also to provide cell equalization. Since the BMS is used in an electric vehicle, very low power consumption is essential


This symposium appealed to a wide variety of professionals. The importance of anticipatory care planning was consistently stressed as a key means of improving end-of-life care in the twenty-first century. Such planning can be difficult, not least because of the differences in illness trajectories and the problem of identifying dying. Various initiatives, frameworks and care pathways have been devised to aid this planning process. Lack of palliative care training and support compromises the quality of end-of-life care provided in many care homes. Symptom management is obviously important and, if associated with impaired renal function, frequently necessitates modifications to drug therapy. Patient narratives were demonstrated as an invaluable insight into the patient's perspective. Discussions surrounding 'do not attempt resuscitation' (DNAR) decisions are often challenging, but new guidance has been produced. The day was closed with multi-professional case presentations debated by the panel of speakers. KEywORDS Advance care planning, 'do not attempt resuscitation', end-of-life, Gold Standards Framework, integrated care pathways, narrative, renal failure, renal impairment, symptoms, trajectories DECLARATION OF INTERESTS No conflict of interests declared. Symposium report S McConnell Specialist Registrar in Palliative Medicine, St Columba's Hospice, Edinburgh, UK Published online February 2008 Correspondence to S McConnell, St Columba's Hospice, 15 Boswall Road, Edinburgh EH5 3RW, UK tel. +44 (0)131 551 1381 e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Dr Elizabeth Ireland (GP and Deputy Chair, Scottish Partnership Palliative Care) talked of the recent changes in primary care and the Gold Standard Framework (GSF) Scotland. The GSF was developed to offer all patients approaching the EOL, regardless of diagnosis, the same access to palliative care and the opportunity to die at home. It advocates the identification and assessment of patients who would benefit from a palliative approach, and encourages staff to be proactive in planning care. Communication is crucial to its success. New tools can help identify patients who would benefit from advance care planning, such as Scottish Patients at Risk of Readmission and Admission (SPARRA). Opportunities to improve EOL care are provided by the Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care, managed clinical networks, community health partnerships, the Scottish Government, research, Audit Scotland and the expansion of the Electronic Care Summary. Professor John Ellershaw (Professor of Palliative Medicine, University of Liverpool; Director, Marie Curie Palliative Institute, Liverpool; and Clinical Director, Directorate of Palliative Care, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals) updated us on the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP): a framework of care that facilitates a 'hospice level of care' in other settings, such as hospital wards, patients' homes and care homes. Some hospices have even adopted the pathway. Patients are started on the pathway when they are identified as dying (with no appropriately treatable cause for their deterioration) by the professional team responsible for their care. They are likely to be confined to bed, have a reduced level of consciousness or be unable to swallow oral medication or anything more than sips of fluid. The goals of the LCP cover physical comfort and psychological, religious/spiritual and communication domains. The pathway supports education around care in the last weeks and days of life and links it into everyday practice. A record sheet is provided to document each step of the pathway as it is undertaken. A recent audit has revealed 55% of patients dying on this pathway had non-cancer diagnoses. National pilot studies are testing the transferability of the pathway to patients with non-cancer diagnoses, for example cardiac and renal failure. Key challenges of the LCP have been the development of the care pathway, its implementation and linkage to national strategy and its sustainability. It is presently being encouraged throughout the UK as part of the Department of Health's End-of-Life Care Initiative, through which £12 million has been allocated over three years to improve the care of patients nearing the end of their life. The pathway is also in line with the aims of the Scottish health programme, Delivering for Health. SESSION 2 SyMPTOM MANAGEMENT The typical treatment of nausea and vomiting was questioned by Dr Ian Back (Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Holme Tower Marie Curie Hospice, Penarth, and Pontypridd and Rhondda NHS Trust). It was claimed that there is little evidence for our current rationale for antiemetic choice. Dr Back maintained that we are often unable to identify the pathways involved or the receptors in these pathways from our history and examination, and we also have an incomplete understanding of the pharmacology of antiemetics. A summary of the receptors, including subtypes, identified to date (binding dopamine, serotonin, substance P, histamine, acetylcholine, endorphins, gamma-aminobutyric acid and cannabinoids), and some drugs that antagonise at these specific sites, is provided in a recent update on antiemetics. Dr Back postulated that the mechanism of nausea and vomiting involves different receptors and pathways in different people, which possibly explains why some patients respond to one drug while others do not, despite having an apparent similar source of symptoms. This is clearly an area in need of further clinical research. Although there may be little or no evidence for some therapies, this does not mean they are ineffective. It seems prudent to continue in the meantime with standard management of empirical antiemetic therapy in adequate regular and breakthrough doses, by the parenteral route if necessary, while treating the cause (where possible). In the case of intractable symptoms, it is reasonable to try combining antiemetics that act at different receptors. Research has shown the benefit of combining a serotonin (5HT3) antagonist with dexamethasone, and a neurokinin (NK1) antagonist for chemotherapy-induced vomiting and, to a lesser extent, nausea. Other less conventional drugs may also be beneficial for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, for example the antipsychotic olanzapine, which blocks multiple receptors, and, in the future, synthetic analogues of ghrelin, a protective peptide secreted by the gastric mucosa that stimulates gastrointestinal motility and appetite. The antisecretory agent octreotide has been shown to reduce vomiting in malignant bowel obstruction and is a potential alternative to surgery in such patients. Nausea and vomiting from other distinct causes are not very well researched and hopefully this will be addressed in the near future. Numerous palliative care patients experience renal impairment, varying in severity from mild impairment to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can help assess renal function; however, this is less accurate in the cachexic, elderly or those suffering mild renal impairment (like countless palliative care patients). Improving end-of-life care in the twenty-first century J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2008; 38:158–61 © 2008 RCPE 159 edcation Many people with ESRD have considerable symptoms. Dr Jo Chambers (Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol) urged us to become confident in treating patients with impaired renal function, despite their resultant altered handling of many drugs. For pain, the principles of the WHO ladder should be followed with some adaptations. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided if preservation of renal function is desired. Non-renal side effects of NSAIDs are increased in patients with ESRD. If a step two analgesic is required, tramadol can be given (reduced dose). Fentanyl and alfentanil are the favoured step three drugs in severe renal impairment. The choice of therapy for other symptoms depends on symptom severity, previous treatments, concurrent medication, prognosis, coexisting symptoms, evidence of efficacy, availability and the burden of the proposed treatment and the toxicity profile of the planned therapy. Such toxicity can be limited by individualised care and close monitoring to facilitate titration using short acting/ immediate release preparations. Reduced doses and an increased dosage interval may be required. Guidance on drugs to be avoided or dosage modifications in renal impairment can be obtained from several resources. SESSION 3 wHAT'S BEST FOR PATIENTS? An appealing, interactive presentation on narratives at the end of life was given by Professor Trisha Greenhalgh (Professor of Primary Health Care, University College London). Using a thought-provoking example, Professor Greenhalgh clearly demonstrated how stories are open to interpretation, with the audience proffering their different analyses of the narrative under discussion. Examining patients' narratives can help us in EOL care as it allows understanding of patients' feelings and experiences in context. Clinicians have a duty to display narrative competence by 'acknowledging, absorbing, interpreting and acting on the stories and plights of others'. Professor Greenhalgh has co-edited an excellent book concerning narratives in medicine. Dr Jo Hockley (Research Fellow/Clinical Nurse Specialist (Palliative Care), University of Edinburgh) compared cancer palliative care with EOL care in nursing homes, and discussed the challenges of such provision in care homes. There are greater consequences of 'living with' rather than 'dying from' chronic illnesses, and it can be difficult to identify dying. The ethos of functional rehabilitation, where death is viewed as failure, contrasts with that of palliative care, where natural dying is accepted. There are difficulties of recruitment and retention of staff in care homes, which are generally staffed by carers who are untrained in palliative car


We present a study on simulation-based optimization for the Viennese subway system. The underlying discrete event simulation model has several stochastic elements like time-dependent demand and turning maneuver times, direction-dependent vehicle travel and passenger travel as well as transfer times. Passenger creation is a Poisson process which uses hourly origin-destination-matrices based on mobile phone data. The number of waiting passengers on platforms and within vehicles are subject to capacity restrictions. As a microscopic element, passenger distribution along platforms and within vehicles is considered. There are trade-offs between service quality (e.g. waiting time) and costs (e.g. fleet mileage). This bi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single-objective one by normalization and scalarization. The goal is to find optimal time-dependent headways. Computational experience is gained from 48 test instances which are based on real-world data. Several population-based evolutionary algorithms were applied. The covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) performed best.


The Supreme Court has steadfastly refused to allow its oral arguments to be televised. Justices jealously guard their anonymity, which would be lost if they allowed television broadcasts. Yet arguments against cameras in the courtroom - intimidation of witnesses and jurors, and prejudice to the accused - are inapplicable to the high court. Beginning with the arguments in Bush v. Gore, the Court began to release audiotapes and transcripts of its proceedings. But in spite of Congressional attempts to open the Supreme Court to cameras, the justices remain opposed to cameras in their courtroom. This essay argues for camera coverage of Supreme Court arguments.


A scientific outreach session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) was held on 23 April 2008 at the Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region. The session was devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Institute. The following reports were presented: (1) Stishov S M (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "The Institute for High Pressure Physics is now 50 (opening address)"; (2) Khvostantsev L G and Slesarev V N (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "Large-volume high-pressure devices for physical investigations"; (3) Popova S V, Brazhkin V V and Dyuzheva T I (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "Structural phase transitions in highly compressed substances and the synthesis of high-pressure phases"; (4) Dzhavadov L N, Gromnitskaya E L, Stepanov G N and Timofeev Yu A (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "Studies of the thermodynamic, elastic, superconducting, and magnetic properties of substances at high pressures"; (5) Dizhur E M, Venttsel V A and Voronovskii A N (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region), "Quantum transport at high pressures"; (6) Ryzhov V N, Barabanov A F, Magnitskaya M V and Tareyeva E E (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "Theoretical studies of condensed matter"; (7) Bugakov V I, Antanovich A A, Konyaev Yu S and Slesarev V N (Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, Troitsk, Moscow region) "Designing new construction and superhard materials and related tools." An abridged version of reports 1 –6 is presented below. • The Institute for High Pressure Physics is now 50 (opening address), Stishov S M Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1055-1059 • Large-volume high-pressure devices for physical investigations, Khvostantsev L G and Slesarev V N Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1059-1063 • Structural phase transitions in highly compressed substances and the synthesis of high-pressure phases, Popova S V, Brazhkin V V and Dyuzheva T I Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1064-1066 • Studies of the thermodynamic, elastic, superconducting, and magnetic properties of substances at high pressures, Dzhavadov L N, Gromnitskaya E L, Stepanov G and Timofeev Yu A Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1066-1070 • Quantum transport at high pressures, Dizhur E M, Venttsel V A and Voronovskii A N Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1070-1077 • Theoretical studies of condensed matter, Ryzhov V N, Barabanov A F, Magnitskaya M V and Tareyeva E E Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 10, Pages 1077-1083


Dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations is one of the most useful aerosol preparations in which
drugs may be formulated as carrier-based interactive mixtures with micronised drug particles
(<5 μm) adhered onto the surface of large inert carriers (lactose powders). The addition of magnesium
stearate (MgSt) (1-3), was found to increase dispersion of various drugs from DPI formulations.
Recently, some active compounds coated with 5% (wt/wt) MgSt using the mechanofusion method
showed significant improvements in aerosolization behavior due to the reduction in intrinsic
cohesion force (4). Application of MgSt in powder formulations is not new; however, no studies
demonstrated the minimum threshold level for this excipient in efficient aerosolization of drug
powders from the interactive mixtures. Therefore, this study investigated the role of MgSt concentration
on the efficient dispersion of salbutamol sulphate (SS) from DPI formulations.


Information was collected on the geologic and hydraulic characteristics of three shale-dominated units in Oklahoma the Dog Creek Shale and Chickasha Formation in Canadian County, Hennessey Group in Oklahoma County, and the Boggy Formation in Pittsburg County. The purpose of this project was to gain insight into the characteristics controlling fluid flow in shaly units that could be targeted for confinement of hazardous waste in the State and to evaluate methods of measuring hydraulic characteristics of shales. Permeameter results may not indicate inplace small-scale hydraulic characteristics, due to pretest disturbance and deterioration of core samples. The Dog Creek Shale and Chickasha Formation hydraulic conductivities measured by permeameter methods ranged from 2.8xlO-n to S.OxlO"7 meter per second in nine samples and specific storage from 3.3xlO"4 to 1.6xlO-3 per meter in four samples. Hennessey Group hydraulic conductivities ranged from 4.0x10"12 to 4.0xlO-10 meter per second in eight samples. Hydraulic conductivity in the Boggy Formation ranged from l.TxlO"12 to l.OxlO*8 meter per second in 17 samples. The hydraulic properties of isolated borehole intervals of average length of 4.5 meters in the Hennessey Group and the Boggy Formation were evaluated by a pressurized slug-test method. Hydraulic conductivities obtained with this method tend to be low because intervals with features that transmitted large volumes of water were not tested. Hennessey Group hydraulic conductivities measured by this method ranged from S.OxlO"13 to l.lxlO"9 meter per second; the specific storage values are small and may be unreliable. Boggy Formation hydraulic conductivities ranged from 2.0x10"13 to 2.7x10"10 meter per second and specific storage values in these tests also are small and may be unreliable. A substantially higher hydraulic conductivity of S.OxlO"8 meter per second was measured in one borehole 30 meters deep in the Boggy Formation using an open hole slug-test method. INTRODUCTION The transmission of fluid in shales is often dominated by geologic characteristics such as fractures and other types of secondary permeability features. Shales generally are perceived as strata of low permeability and therefore are often considered appropriate for nearsurface geologic confinement of hazardous waste. Some studies have shown (Bredehoeft and others, 1983) flow through fractures in shaly formations on a regional scale that was undetected in local tests. The purpose of this project was to gain insight into what are the characteristics controlling fluid flow in shaly units that could be targeted for confinement of hazardous waste in the State and to evaluate methods of measuring hydraulic characteristics of shales. Additional information on shaly units in Oklahoma is needed because of the range of possible geologic characteristics and because of the concern for protection of the State's water resources. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey, collected information on the geologic and hydraulic characteristics of three shaly units in Oklahoma: the Dog Creek Shale and Chickasha Formation in Canadian County, the Hennessey Group in Oklahoma County, and the Boggy Formation in Pittsburg County (fig. 1). This information might facilitate the collection of geologic and


This paper assesses whether affirmative action programs and equal opportunity laws affect the output of economic agents. More precisely, we find that equal opportunity laws and affirmative action programs always benefit disadvantaged groups. Equal opportunity laws also increase the effort levels of all subjects and hence the profits of the tournament administrator (usually the firm). The effects of affirmative action programs depend on the severity of a group's cost disadvantage. When the cost disadvantage is severe, these programs significantly increase effort levels (and hence profits). The opposite is true when the disadvantage is slight.


This paper describes the interface between sequential Pascal programs and the Solo operating system.* A sequential program interacts with the operating system by means of procedure calls. A program prefix defining these procedures and their parameters enables the compiler to make complete type checking of calls to the operating system. The Solo interface permits Pascal programs to call one another recursively. This makes it possible to use Pascal as the job control language.


Private forests provide a range of ecosystem services for society including provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Sustaining the supply of such services depends on the interest of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in managing their forests for such services. Assessing factors that influence NIPF landowner intentions would be useful in identifying potential suppliers of ecosystem services and in designing and implementing outreach and education programs to elevate the interests of less interested landowners. Using data collected from a mail survey of NIPF landowners on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee, this study examined how landowner interest in supplying ecosystem services was influenced by socio-demographic characteristics, economic and market factors, land management objectives, and ownership motivations. To that end, a multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the supply of three types of ecosystem services: carbon storage (regulating service), water quality (provisioning service), and aesthetics (cultural service). Results revealed that


Phenomenography has its roots in educational research (Marton and Booth, 1997), but has since been adopted in other domains including business (Sandberg, 1994), health (Barnard, McCosker and Gerber, 1999), information science (Bruce, 1999a,b) and information technology (Bruce and Pham, 2001) as well as information systems. Emerging phenomenographic research in areas other than education, has been interdisciplinary, often bringing together technology, education and a host discipline such as health or business.

In Australia, phenomenography has been used in information technology (IT) related research primarily in Victoria and Queensland. These studies have pursued the latter two of three established lines of phenomenographic research: 1) the study of conceptions of learning; 2) the study of conceptions in specific disciplines of study and 3) the study of how people conceive of various aspects of their everyday world that have not, for them, been the object of formal studies (Marton 1988, p.189). Information Technology researchers have predominantly pursued the latter two lines of research.


Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with flu-like symptoms that could be serious in high-risk individuals. The use of laboratory parameters is determined as a predictor in improving the quality of care and thereby reducing mortality and morbidity. One of the laboratory parameters itself is hematological examination, including leukocyte count. Several studies had shown that an increase in WBC count was independently associated with an increased risk of proteinuria.Aim: To determine the relationship between leukocytes and proteinuria in COVID-19 patients.Method: This cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection had a sample of patients with COVID-19 at Diponegoro National Hospital aged 19-60 years. The independent variable in this study was leukocyte count, while the dependent variable in this study was proteinuria. The type of data used was secondary data obtained by examining the medical records of COVID-19 patients. Data analysis between leukocyte count and proteinuria variables in patients with COVID-19 was tested using a bivariate chi-square analysis.Results: Samples that met the inclusion criteria were 34 samples with confirmed COVID-19. From the results of the chi square test, it was found that leukocytes to proteinuria had a p value of 0.601 (p>0.05), which meant that there was no significant relationship between the number of leukocytes and proteinuria.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between leukocyte count and proteinuria in patients with COVID-19.


This paper presents a digital type III compensator that needs no calculation made by a designer. First an analog type III compensator is designed for a buck converter and based on it the digital model is obtained. Both the analog and digital approaches are simulated in PSIM and the digital compensator is written in a Microchip dsPIC for experimental results. The dynamic response of these controllers under input voltage change and load current variations are presented.


An increasing number of people newly infected with HIV have drug resistant strains of the virus that could compromise successful treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the current treatment of choice, according to two new studies (JAMA 1999;282:1135-41, 1142-9, 1177-9).

In the first study Dr Martin Markowitz of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City studied 77 men and three women from New York and Los Angeles whose HIV infection had been diagnosed within the previous five months.

The researchers …


Magnetostrictive effect is connected with changes of the dimension of soft magnetic materials during the process of theirs magnetization. The paper presents newly developed measuring systems for testing of the strain distribution in the magnetostrictive materials. The system uses simultaneously two measurement techniques: strain-gauge sensor for local strain measurement and grating interferometry for the global determination of strain distribution.


A notable imbalance exists in the literature on the rôle of soldiers in politics – far less attention is given to their rule than to their intervention. This is particularly true for the African continent, where scant effort has been made to relate patterns of military rule to patterns of demilitarisation. The policy objectives of officers are often dealt with as two opposing ideal types: broadly ideological, leaning towards 'anticommunism', 'modernisation', or 'Arab socialism'; or fundamentally apolitical and unable to formulate reasonable policy objectives because of their narrow corporate perspectives. The logic of these two ideal positions leads to the alleged dichotomy that juntas with broad political ambitions will tend to stay in power indefinitely, while those with limited corporate interests will find it easy to turn power over to civilians who will 'grant autonomy to the armed forces'.1


A series of experiments are presented which study the flow kinematics of water past drag-reducing superhydrophobic surfaces. The ultrahydrophobic surfaces are fabricated from silicon wafers using photolithography and are designed to incorporate precise patterns of micrometer-sized ridges aligned in the flow direction. The ridges are made hydrophobic through a chemical reaction with an organosilane. An experimental flow cell is used to measure the velocity profile and the pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for a series of rectangular cross-section microchannel geometries and ultrahydrophobic surface designs. The velocity profile across the microchannel is determined through microparticle image velocimetry (μ-PIV) measurements capable of resolving the flow down to lengthscales well below the size of the surface features. Through these detailed velocity measurements, it is demonstrated that slip along the shear-free air-water interface supported between the hydrophobic micrometer-sized ridges is th...


Physical infrastructure development is a powerful means of promoting economic growth as (i) it creates production facilities, "crowds in" private investment and thereby stimulates economic activities, (ii) reduces transaction and marketing costs, improving competitiveness, and (iii) provides employment opportunities to the poor. Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) supported irrigation projects help provide the necessary impetus for infrastructure development, thereby aiding in capital formation. Evaluation of irrigation investments under RIDF in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Orissa, Maharashtra and Assam has revealed that the investments are economically viable. The net benefits realised by the user community from the investments in irrigation have been found fairly high, except in Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Full benefits of medium irrigation projects in Uttar Pradesh could not be realised due to pending rehabilitation work and scanty rainfall. Similarly, non-completion of canal works in Orissa has adversely affected the returns to investment. The study has observed that adequate maintenance through budgetary provisions and/or through levying of user charges would ensure sustainability of benefits. It has suggested that creation of Water Users Associations (WUAs), envisaged under RIDF, would help in effective water distribution, maintenance and collection of water charges.


Abstract: With the increase of expressway construction in seasonal frozen soil region, the freeze-thaw problem of subgrade soil has attracted more and more attention [...]


INVESTMENT in common stock is, in essence, a present sacrifice in exchange for expected future benefits. Since the present is known, this investment becomes a certain sacrifice for an uncertain or risky benefit. This paper concerns the measurement of common stock price volatility as a risk surrogate. Attempts to measure volatility have primarily been directed toward developing performance measures for mutual funds or other security portfolios.' Few attempts have been made to measure price volatility of individual stocks, and these have been primarily concerned with separating the volatility into market-related and residual (or firm) volatility.2 The purpose of this study is to test whether there are significant differences in volatility rankings of individual common stocks depending on the measurement technique employed.3 If there are few differences in relative rankings, it could be argued that one of the simpler measurement techniques should be employed. However, if relative rankings differ significantly, the specific characteristics of the measures become an important matter for consideration. An analysis based on historical volatility may be questioned since historical volatility bears no necessary relationship to future volatility. However, historical volatility may be useful as a predictor of future volatility if a volatility measure has yielded fairly stable ranking results over past periods.4 The stability of the rankings over time will also be tested.


Abstract A new biosorbent containing vinylsulphonic acid and 2-acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, iron (III) oxide, grafted to carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt P(VSA/AMPSO3H/MNPs)-g-CMC bionanocomposite material (BNC) has been synthesized by γ radiation induced grafting copolymerization technique. The effect of comonomer, crosslinker, CMC concentration and the absorbed dose (kGy) on the grafting efficiency and swelling degree was studied. The BNC has been successfully synthesized and the structure of the prepared BNC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. Batch studies relevant to adsorption of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from the reactor actual liquid waste samples by the BNC were performed as a function of contact time, solution pH, metal ion concentration, and temperature in simulation studies using the γ emitting isotopes Cs-134 and Sr-85 as representatives of Cs-137 and Sr-90, respectively. Those studies were used to find out the best conditions for isolation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from reactor actual liquid waste. The isotherms and kinetics were analyzed using different models at 25 °C. The maximum capacity of BNC was found to be 297 and 330 mg g−1 for Cs(I) and Sr(II) metal ions, respectively.


An investigation has been done with the three Himalayan oak species at Phulchowki Hill Lalitpur Nepal to relate leaf phenology responses of trees to wood water properties. We recorded the wood water content, wood density, water in wood and leaf phenological patterns of three evergreen oak species (Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus lamellosa and Quercus glauca) for 2 years. Our results revealed significant changes in leaf phenology within oak species between years, with shifts in leaf emergence, leaf damage and leaf senescence. Shifts in tree leaf phenology found in studied years suggest that the inter-annual and monthly variation in wood water properties could attribute to shift in tree leaf phenology.ECOPRINT 24: 29-36, 2017


ORMOND first described retroperitoneal fibrosis in 1948. Since then this process has been reported to have involved numerous other sites, including the great abdominal vessels and their regional lymphatics (CORRIERRE ct al., 1966; PERLOW, 196;~), and intraperitone;~l organs such as the bile ducts, the portal vein (FONDALSRUD ei al., 196b; PARTINGTON, 1961), the sigmoid colon (CORRlERRE et al., 1966; JOZZI and MURPHY, 1957; SUllY ei al., 19(i!i), transverse colon (PATOIR et al., 1963) and duodenum (LEMMON and KISER, 1966; SCHNEID}'R, 19( 4)' The superior vena cava as well as other great vessels above the diaphragm have also been described as having been obstructed by mediastinal fibrosis (BUCKllERG et al., 1966; HACHE et al., 1~)62; HAWI~ and HAZARD, '9!i!); MULVANEY et al, 19(8). Histopathologically, the process is characterized by inflammation causing fibrosis, granulomata formation and changes in the collagen matrix. The presence of monocytes and plasmocytes, with a predominance of eosinophils (HOFFMAN and TRIPEL, 1961; NEZELOF et nl., 19(7) has caused some authors to assume that the etiological factor for this puzzling disease might be immunological in nature (CORRIERRE et al., 1966; HOFFMAN and TRIPEL, 1961; ORMOND, 1965; RAFFEL, 1!)61). It was with this possibility in view that we undertook the following study. The study material consisted of six idiopathic cases in which no definite cause for the retroperitoneal process could be established, which ware taken from the files of the Tel Aviv University Medical School Hospitals from the years 1950-1!)68.


This article discusses the modern convergence of three traditionally separate topics: globalization and international human rights on the one hand, and civil procedure on the other. Its project is twofold: first, to highlight the role of domestic legal processes and communities in the advancement of the post-World War II international human rights project. Second in contemplation of the specific context of teaching civil procedure to help bring alive the power and increasingly-global context of civil procedure for the benefit of students.


Determination of the body's nutritional needs for pregnant women is different from a normal woman's needs, because there is the addition of various nutrients for fetal growth and development, such as calories, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The additional of customized nutritional needs of pregnant women with conditions such as age, weight, height, gestational age and the activities conducted every day. But the calculation to determine the nutritional requirements for pregnant women is still done by manual processing, so it can take more time.
In this study, the authors tried to build a system to determine the amount of nutrients the body needs for pregnant women according to the criteria they have. Determining the nutritional needs of these uses fuzzy logic to apply the method mamdani consisting of four stages namely the establishment of a fuzzy set, the application function implications, composition rules and defuzzyfikasi. From the results of testing the system, that is comparing the outcomes of patient data generating applications with more than 95% accuracy.


The presence of bacteria and viruses in water has caused many large-scale water disease outbreaks. Cold atmospheric plasma has received much attention as an emerging non-thermal purification technology capable of eliminating micro-organisms, non-ferrous fuels, and heavy metals from water. In this study, a novel gas–liquid diaphragm discharge device that generates air plasma driven by a sinusoidal AC power supply was designed, and its sterilizing effect was investigated. First, the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the diaphragm discharge were characterized, and the physicochemical properties of activated water were explored. Next, experiments on the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out using the device. Finally, pond sewage was treated with the device, and the diversity of micro-organisms in the water was analyzed using 16S rRNA assays to further investigate its applicability. The results showed that the species and quantities of micro-organisms in the water significantly reduced after discharge treatment, with the most significant changes occurring in the Bacillus and Firmicutes species. Thus, this study provides an alternative method for microbial inactivation in sewage treatment.


The P3 (People, Prosperity, and the Planet) competition is a national collegiate sustainability design competition sponsored by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Since 2012, we have integrated the P3 competition with the capstone design course of Clean Energy Systems track in mechanical engineering as an effective educational vehicle for introducing the concept of sustainable design. This paper presents the senior design project to demonstrate how a collegiate design competition could effectively motivate and engage students. The paper explains the design challenges, the design process, examples of the design work, and the students' performance evaluation.


We evaluated the interactive retrieval functionality of the Concentric Ring View according to a series of usability studies. This is a ring structure-based graphical user interface, like a planisphere, for image retrieval with multi-faceted metadata. Attribute values for each facet are arranged on a ring, and retrieved images are displayed inside using search keys derived from the attribute values on the bottom part of the rings. By rotating the rings, users can browse retrieved images while adjusting search keys. The first usability test conducted with thirty six participants confirmed that: (i) novice users, even junior high school students, could use this interface; (ii) users could find images better than anticipated; and (iii) the interface was good at choosing the first relevant image, but users could not refine retrieval because they were unable to reuse retrieved results. To solve this problem, we added two functionalities, personal history for reuse and relevance feedback. With these improvements, we named the new version of the interface Concentric Ring View F+. A second usability test with seven participants confirmed the effectiveness of this newer interface.


Hazard avoidance phase is one of the most important flight phases in lunar descent and safe landing.In this phase,the navigation system must take the capability of detecting hazards,designating a safe site and guiding the lander to the selected safe site,besides the normal ability of providing the information about position,velocity and attitude.The basic navigation instrument in hazard avoidance phase is Inertial Navigation System(INS).In order to eliminate the accumulated calculation errors in INS,the measurements from other sensors are always introduced,such as optical cameras and altimeters.In this paper,a relative navigation method for safe landing based on optical images is proposed.First,a safe landing site and a series image features are selected using image processing techniques,and then a kind of accurate relative navigation algorithm is performed by matching and tracking those selected image features.The simulation results imply that this method is effective to reduce the INS errors and can be used for hazard avoidance and pinpoint landing on the moon.


A study of the effect of short-term cigarette smoking on 2 Spirometric indicators of ventilatory function (FEV1 and FVC) was carried out in a group of 104 healthy students (68 men and 36 women). Male smokers had significantly lower values of ventilatory capacity than male nonsmokers when the measured values of FEV1 and FVC were adjusted to a standard age of 23 years and a standard height of 175 cm. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in male smokers than in male nonsmokers (P 0.05). Changes in FEV1 and FVC in the study did not provide conclusive evidence of significant variations in ventilatory capacity during the day.


The proceedings contain 10 papers. The topics discussed include: let the chatbot speak! freedom of expression and synthetic media;on the generalizability of two-dimensional convolutional neural networks for fake speech detection;spectral denoising for microphone classification;automatic and manual detection of generated news: case study, limitations and challenges;extractive-Boolean question answering for scientific fact checking;how did Europe's press cover Covid-19 vaccination news? a five-country analysis;automatic detection of bot-generated tweets;cross-forgery analysis of vision transformers and CNNs for Deepfake image detection;the MeVer DeepFake detection service: lessons learnt from developing and deploying in the wild;and uncovering the strength of capsule networks in deepfake detection.


Recently, a number of nanoparticle carriers have provided new platforms for research in biotechnology and biomedicine. A particularly interest in these fields is the monitoring of nanoparticle delivery to target cells. Since the structures involved are on a nanometer scale, high resolution imaging, such as electron microscopy, is required. Aside from assessing the structural characteristics of the target sites localized with the nanoparticles, an electron microscope can also be used to observe the biological effects of the nanoparticles on the cells. It can also be used to test and detect a wide range of fluorescent nanoparticles and nanoassemblies. Although this approach has many advantages, most researchers are unwilling to try electron microscopy due to the complicated specimen preparation procedures and time-consuming process. Here, we developed a method to simplify the sample preparation and shorten the total processing time. In particular, double staining was removed, and cryo-preparation was included. Using this simple and rapid sample preparation, we were able to observe nanoparticles with high-contrast images of the cellular organelles. This efficient detection method can be applied to studies on nanoparticle drug delivery systems and nanoparticle-cell interactions.


Tunable terahertz absorbers based on graphene frequency selective surfaces are designed using well-established evolutionary optimization techniques. Randomly initialized hill climbing (RHC) algorithm is applied to find the design with the broadest bandwidth. The effects of three factors including the substrate loss, structuring the substrate and using double layer patches are examined. The optimum structure with broadest operation bandwidth consists of a perforated lossy substrate with a single layer patch and offers 1.95 THz absorption bandwidth around 2 THz central frequency leading to 100% fractional bandwidth.


The sex type of a cucumber plant is determined by the proportion of male, female and hermaphrodite flowers that it bears and is an important factor that affects fruit yield. In this paper, the sex types and seasonal sexual stabilities of 322 accessions of cucumber germplasm were identified. This germplasm collection displayed a great variety of sex types. We used an updated 10-type sex classification system based on the flower types present and the proportion of nodes with pistillate flowers (PNPF). The PNPF ranges of all the accessions were 2.12%–100% in spring and 0–100% in autumn. A total of 81.37% of the accessions had PNPFs of 10%–50% in spring, but most (84.78%) accessions were reduced to 0–20% PNPF in autumn. The range of reduction of PNPF from spring to autumn was 0–67.91%. In other words, most of the germplasm was normal monoecious (31.68%) or subandroecious (62.73%) in spring, but 94.10% of the accessions were subandroecious in autumn. According to the statistical evaluation of the difference in PNPFs between the two seasons, each accession could be classified into one of three groups: seasonally stable, seasonally sensitive and highly seasonally sensitive, accounting for 10.56%, 20.50% and 68.94% of the accessions, respectively. With a few exceptions, the seasonal PNPF differences were positively correlated with the PNPFs in a given season for most accessions. These results provided useful information and materials for sex expression mechanism research and for breeding cucumbers with high and stable yields.


Biosorption is a technique that can be used for the removal of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable such as metals and dye.Biotechnol Adv. 1016j.biotechadv. 2 The use of algae as metal biosorbents G.W.Garnham. 1984 and of other bacterial species for silver biosorption Pumpel and Schinner. Years, several biosorbents have been investigated, but the bacterial biomass. Status of bacterial biosorption technology, and hopes to provide insights into this.


Comprehensive analysis of optical spectroscopy and space photometry of the solar type eclipsing binary system KIC 4832197 is presented. The system is composed of F7V + F9V components with masses of M1 = 1.16 ± 0.12 M☉, M2 = 1.07 ± 0.10 M☉ and radii of R1 = 1.26 ± 0.04 R☉, R2 = 1.03 ± 0.03 R☉. The position of the components on the Log Teff – Log L/L☉ plane suggests an age of 2.8 ± 0.8 Gyr for the system. Inspection of out-of-eclipse brightness in time reveals a wave-like variability pattern, whose amplitude and shape quickly change on order of days. Frequency analysis of this variability results in two significant peaks in the amplitude spectrum, which are interpreted as rotational modulation of spots on the components. Assuming both spots are on the same component, a lower limit for the differential rotation coeffcient is computed as k = 0.12, which is weaker compared to the solar value of k☉ = 0.189.


In recent years, the research on object detection has been intensified. A large number of object detection results are applied to our daily life, which greatly facilitates our work and life. In this paper, we propose a more effective object detection neural network model ENHANCE_YOLOV4. We studied the effects of several attention mechanisms on YOLOV4, and finally concluded that spatial attention mechanism had the best effect on YOLOV4. Therefore, based on previous studies, this paper introduces Dilated Convolution and one-by-one convolution into the spatial attention mechanism to expand the receptive field and combine channel information. Compared with CBAM and BAM, which are composed of spatial attention and channel attention, this improved spatial attention module reduces model parameters and improves detection capabilities. We built a new network model by embedding improved spatial attention module in the appropriate place in YOLOV4. And this paper proves that the detection accuracy of this network structure on the VOC data set is increased by 0.8%, and the detection accuracy on the coco data set is increased by 7%when the calculation performance is increased a little.


Objective To evaluate the effect of intravenous amiodarone on patients with rapid atrial fibrillation(Af) and congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods Seventy-six patients with Af and CHF(NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅳ) were randomly divided into two groups.①amiodarone group(n=38):the loading dosage of amiodarone 150 mg followed with 1.5 mg/min;②lanatoside group(n=38):the loading dosage of lanatoside 0.4 mg or 0.2 mg,more 0.2 mg should be medicated if no effect occur one hour later.The clinical curative effect,the cardiogram improve and the adverse effect were recorded after medicating.Results There were no significant difference on clinical curative effect after medication between two groups(P0.05).There were significant difference on cardiogram improve between amiodarone group and lanatoside group(P0.05).The adverse effects were without statistic difference in two groups(13.16% in amiodarone group and and 10.52% in lanatoside group).Conclusion It is of safety and rapid-effect for amiodarone in controlling the rapid ventricular rate in patients with Af and CHF.


Abstract : Powering data from trials of three tankers have been correlated with predictions from experiments with four models, (one of the tankers being represented by two models of varying size). The correlation allowance ranged from -0.00015 to -0.0004. This range of correlation allowance is lower than anticipated, but is in agreement with an apparent trend of negative correlation allowances for modern tankers over 300 meters in length.


Article history: th , 2011 Revised Mar 2 nd , 2012 Accepted Aug 26 th , 2012 This paper discuss about dynamic performance analysis of two phase bipolar permanent magnet hybrid (PMH) stepper motor during single stepping by transfer function model for eight topologies using PDE toolbox of Matlab. Topologies are designed with different airgaps and with different stator teeth. These results analyze motor rise time, final steady state time and final steady state position during single stepping which suggest better design topology of motor for better dynamic response of the PMH stepper motor during single stepping. Keyword:


ABSTRACT Narrow-leaf and broad-leaf Anoectochilus roxburghii were used as reciprocal parents to explore the reason for low seed setting rate. Pollen-pistil interaction was observed by fluorescence microscopy and hybrid embryo development by paraffin section technology. The results indicated that pollen tube growth could reach the embryo sac, and double fertilization could be completed. These findings showed that a pre-fertilization barrier was not the major factor in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. The endosperm development of the hybrid was abnormal and eventually promoted abortion of the embryos. A post-fertilization barrier appears to be the major factor for low seed setting rate in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. In addition, an efficient protocol of embryo rescue, the development of which is reported elsewhere, was used to compare the time needed for rescue between the reciprocal crosses.


of "Localized Modes and the Vibrations of Nanostructures" by Jing Ma, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2010 Due to rapid developments in nanotechnology and the importance of nanomaterial characterization, the study of the acoustic response of small structures is of significant current interest. Frequency domain techniques such as Raman scattering and direct timeresolved pump-probe experiments are nondestructive and complementary tools to detect and identify these acoustic vibrations. A possible application of these experimental works is the determination of the geometry of a nanostructure. For this to be practical, one needs to find a way to go from a measurement of the set of frequencies of the normal modes to a determination of the values of whatever set of parameters are used to describe the shape. M. Kac drew attention to this general class of problem in a famous paper in 1966 entitled "Can one hear the shape of a drum?" However, in fact, the problem is more difficult than it appears because it turns out that the frequencies vary with the dimensions in a surprisingly complicated way as we will discuss in this thesis. "Level repulsion" related mode localization is our primary interest. In 1956 Shaw observed a prominent vibration resonance localized at the edge of a thick barium titanate disk. It is known that for certain special values of Poisson's ratio these modes are perfectly localized, are uncoupled to bulk modes, and thus do not lose energy by acoustic radiation. In this thesis we consider the conditions for mode localization in different structures, and show that regardless of the value of Poisson's ratio it is often possible to design a structure with an end shape such that a perfectly localized mode appears. This localization has interesting effects on the way that the vibrational patterns and frequencies of the normal modes of a structure are changed when the dimensions of the structure are altered. Localized Modes and the Vibrations of Nanostructures By Jing Ma B.S., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2001 M.S., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2004 Sc.M., Brown University, 2006 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Jing Ma


Large discrepancies in the published photoabsorption oscillator strengths of the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) bands of CO hamper the interpretation of VUV astronomical observations. We report new oscillator strength measurements of the (0, 0) and (1, 0) bands of the CO B 1Σ+-X 1Σ+ electronic system determined from high-resolution (resolving power ≈ 750,000) absorption spectra recorded with a tunable VUV laser system. The instrumental bandwidth (~ 0.14 cm-1 FWHM) was significantly less than the widths of the Doppler-broadened CO lines (~ 0.20 cm-1 FWHM). The B(0)-X(0) and B(1)-X(0) band oscillator strengths, derived from measurements of the photoabsorption cross sections of 36 individual rotational lines, are (6.5 ± 0.6) × 10-3 and (1.1 ± 0.1) × 10-3, respectively. Our results are compared with other recent laboratory measurements and with ab initio calculations.


Length of the paper: 13 (14 pages including cover) Author * Given Name: Mikael SURNAME: JOHNSSON Position: Phd Student Innovation Author's E-mail Address: firstname.lastname@example.com Organisation: Munktell Science Park Mailing Address: email@example.com Phone (with Area Code): +46 70 104 60 02 Fax (optional): +46 16 550 00 99 Co-author(s) ** Given Name: Helena SURNAME: KARLSSON Position: Phd Student Innovation E-mail Address: email@example.com Organisation: Munktell Science Park Mailing Address: email@example.com Phone (with Area Code): +46 70 104 60 04 Fax (optional): +46 16 550 00 99 X Yes, I confirm my ability to present my paper in English


Past historical-critical research into Amos 1–2 has typically relied on one of two strategies in relating the historical Amos's identity as a prophet to the authority and scriptural status of the book. In the first strategy, many interpreters have detected in these eight stanzas allusions to and descriptions of particular political relations, economic contexts, or military engagements, supposing that such correlations secure the book's roots in the eighth century b.c.e. Such chronological benchmarks, in turn, are implicitly thought to sustain the importance of Amos's prophetic identity—i.e., the Amos of Tekoa named in 1:1—in effect constituting the text's nature as scripture. A second, somewhat related strategy has centered on the reconstructed "original" or "secondary" status of certain passages. In this redaction-critical variation of the historical-critical endeavor, interpreters assume that an understanding of the text's chronological development can help to flesh out the picture of Israel's (and Judah's) developing theology or theologies. Again, this model tacitly accepts that prophetic identity plays an intimate and necessary role in the text's authenticity (and conversely, that redactional composition contributes to a passage's supposed "inauthenticity") and also, therefore, in its authoritativeness within various temporally-constrained interpretive communities.


Majorization and trumping are two partial orders which have proved useful in quantum information theory. We show some relations between these two partial orders and generalized Dirichlet polynomials, Mellin transforms, and completely monotone functions. These relations are used to prove a succinct generalization of Turgut's characterization of trumping.


The criticism of "To Autumn" has articulated a clear discrepancy between the apparent denial of historical and political analysis in the poem and the events of the second decade of the nineteenth century, including economic and political crisis, the suspension of Habeas Cor pus, the Spa Fields riot, Luddism, sporadic but widespread food riots in rural areas, and, most specifically, the Peterloo Massacre of August 1819, just one month before the composition of Keats's poem.1 The apparent silence of "To Autumn" on the subject of politics tends to be read as evidence of a Keatsian desire to abstract poetic language from history, a desire to write perfected language into which the disrup tions of history do not intrude. "To Autumn" has been read as a poem of perfection, a poem in which language is perfected in form and in the exclusion of history. A. C. Swinburne classed it with "Ode on a Grecian Urn" as the "nearest to absolute perfection" of Keats's odes;2 more recently, Walter Jackson Bate has called "To Autumn" "one of the most nearly perfect poems in English," Aileen Ward has remarked that it is Keats's "most perfect and untroubled poem," and Douglas Bush has stated that the poem is "flawless in structure, tex ture, tone, and rhythm."3 This "perfection" of language, a perfection apparently undaunted by contemporary political events, has led polit ically-minded critics to describe "To Autumn" as an escape from his tory: attempting to account for the discrepancy between the perfected language of the poem and the contemporary disruptions of politics, Jerome McGann, for example, has analysed "To Autumn" as "an at tempt to 'escape' the period which provides the poem with its con text."4 Similarly, in a recent essay which has perceptive things to say about politics in Keats's poetry, Vincent Newey has argued that "To Autumn" "celebrates a capacity quite opposite to that of political en gagement."5 The present essay attempts to situate "To Autumn" within both its political context of agrarian economics in the early nineteenth century and at the same time within the personal context of the Keatsian economics of writing in order to produce a reading of the subtextual pressures of politics on the poem.6 To Autumn" is embedded within both the context of a Keatsian


A-ergodic nets and A-regularized approximation processes of operators are introduced and their convergence theorems are discussed. There are strong convergence theorems, uniform convergence theorems, theorems on optimal convergence, and theorems on non-optimal convergence and its sharpness. The general results provide unified approaches to investigation of convergence rates of ergodic limits and approximation of various operator families. In particular, we shall deduce some results for an r-times integrated resolvent family for a Volterra integral equation. The latter contains integrated semigroups and integrated cosine functions as special cases.


This report provides a detailed analysis of contractor personnel trends and contracting dollars obligated in U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), Afghanistan, and Iraq.


This paper describes the old publications automation process based on the example of a pre-revolutionary book with the purpose of improving and speeding up this process. The step that takes most of the process time is shown and clarified. A partial automation method for this step is proposed.


Abstract Anthracnose is the major postharvest disease of mango and occurs throughout mango producing areas of the world including Ethiopia. Evaluating effect of hot water treatment on development of anthracnose and quality of mango fruit is imperative. A total of three hot water levels 48, 52 and 56 °C at two time interval (5 and 10 min) were tested with factorial arrangement in completely randomised design. The study indicated that hot water treatment at different temperatures and time interval significantly (p < 0.001) affects disease development and shelf life and postharvest quality of mango fruits. Hot water treatments reduced the incidence and severity of anthracnose disease significantly (p < 0.001) in mango fruits as compared to control. There was a highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) on weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and fruit firmness of mango fruits due to treatment. The present study reviled that hot water treatment has a potential in reducing the postharvest loss due to anthracnose and improving the shelf life and quality of mango fruits. However, the reduction of disease pressure on fruits was not at applicable level, which call ups future effort on developing on integrated disease management strategies for reduction of postharvest loss of mango fruits.


Interleukin-2 (IL-2) with anti-CD 3 antibody can induce large numbers of lymphokine activated killer (CD3LAK) cells. However, CD3LAK cells are less cytotoxicity than LAK cells treated with IL-2 alone. Therefore, enhancement by lectins of the cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes is regarded as lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC). We studied the enhancement of cytotoxicity by PHA or PWM against PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell)-CD3LAK cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a normal donor as well as PBMC-CD3LAK and TIL (tumor infiltrated lymphocyte)-CD3LAK cells obtained from two patients with tongue cancer (stage II). The treatment with PHA or PWM was given to two groups: one (additional group) was treated with PHA or PWM in the effector phase. Another (pretreatment group) was treated with the lectins, described above, and then excess lectin was washed from the surface of the CD3LAK cells. Cytotoxicity in the above two groups was estimated with a 51Cr release assay for four hours. We found that the NK activity of the PBMC-CD3LAK cells derived from a normal donor was significantly enhanced by PHA or PWM, with the exception of NK activity in the pretreatment group. LAK activity of the above cells was enhanced significantly only by PWM in the additional group. In contrast, LAK activity of PBMC-CD3LAK cells derived from case 2 was significantly enhanced by PWM in both groups. The NK activity of TIL-CD3LAK cells derived from case 1 was enhanced by PHA or PWM, and the LAK activity of these cells was also enhanced significantly by PWM in both groups. The LAK activity of TIL-CD3LAK cells derived from case 2 was enhanced by PWM in both groups. As for cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor, PBMC-CD3LAK cells derived from case 2 were also slightly enhanced by PHA or PWM in both groups, but TIL-CD3LAK cells were enhanced significantly more than the PBMC-CD3LAK cells in all studies. These results suggest differences between PBMC-CD3LAK and TIL-CD3LAK cells in repertoire and in the sugar chain expressed on the tumor cell surface. In addition, PHA or PWM induced high levels of TNF-α in both PBMC-CD3LAK and TIL-CD3LAK cells, but this cytokine did not contribute to enhanced cytotoxicity


Disability Living Allowance (DLA) was introduced in the United Kingdom explicitly to help offset the extra costs of disability. The scrapping of DLA and its replacement with the so-called Personal Independence Payment is causing massive concern across the United Kingdom, not least because it comes in the wake of a large number of other cuts, all of which impact disproportionately on disabled people. These changes reflect the retraction of 'welfare' across many European countries. As the government has refused to perform a cumulative impact assessment to date, it has been left to grassroots organisations such as DPAC to assess the damage and put the bigger picture together. An article in the New Statesman reports research showing that by 2018 disabled people are set to lose an astonishing £28.3 billion worth of financial support. These changes are going to affect up to 3.7 million disabled people in total.


This paper elucidates a single axis solar tracker system that automatically searches the optimum PV panel position with respect to the sun by means of a DC motor controlled by an intelligent drive unit that receives input signals from light dependent sensors. A prototype of the mechanical implemented with a motor size of 48W. The power supply unit consists of only supply source which is the AC mains. The sensor unit consists of six sensors. While five are fixed and adjacently aligned (tracking sensors), the sixth one is movable as it is attached to the surface of the PV panel (feedback sensor). The control unit is divided into two parts: A priority voltage selector and a movement controller. The priority voltage selector comprises of cascaded comparators which compares the five voltage outputs from the sensors and selects the highest voltage (priority voltage).The movement controller compares the feedback voltage with the priority voltage and logically decides whether to move the move from east to west and back forth with a maximum allowable angle of 180 The prototype built carries the panel from eastward to westward tracking the su set and then reset to face eastward as darkness sets in. to compare with the results obtained from fixed panel time interval of 30 minutes using the same type of PV panel. The result from MMPPT has a gain of 5.77% over its counterpart which is fixed panel.


The greatest single diffi culty experienced in the archaeology of the Ice Ages has stemmed from its inability to accept the cultural, cognitive or technological sophistication of the people of the Pleistocene. This is well expressed in the history of the initial discovery of Palaeolithic cave art, particularly in the rejection of the palaeoart of Altamira, culminating in Emile Cartailhac's famous mea culpa in 1902. His steadfast scepticism is understandable, in the context of the late 19th century, and to some degree even justifi ed, although the same cannot be said about his refusal to examine the evidence. Here I will explore the structural reasons for the reaction to Palaeolithic art, and I will propose that they determine the epistemology of the discipline still today just as much as they did then. The existence of Palaeolithic cave art had long


Although a number of methods have been developed for image adjustment in various applications, very little work has been done in the context of visual design. In this regard, this article introduces a novel and practical context of image color adjustment and develops a method to adjust an image for harmony with a target color. The experiment with designers revealed that designers made significant changes in hue dimension, and preferred to promote color similarity between the image and the target color. Based on insights from designers, we proposed a method to achieve a harmonious combination of an image and a color element by increasing the hue similarity between them. The result of a user test revealed that our method is particularly useful for images with nonliving objects but less effective for images involving human skin, foods, and so on. It is expected that the practical context investigated in this study can promote a variety of related studies that satisfy the tangible needs of industries and academia.


SummaryLagochilascaris minor is the causative agent of human lagochilascariosis, a disease that affects the neck region causing abscesses with eggs, adult parasites and L3/L4 larvae within purulent exudates. Nowadays, mice are considered intermediary hosts for the parasite. In previous study we observed that A/J mice experimentally infected with Lagochilascaris minor showed higher survival ratios than B10.A mice. Now, we denoted that A/J mice (resistant to experimental infection) produced higher levels of IgM, IgG and IgA against the crude extract (excepted for IgM) and secreted/excreted antigens of the parasite; on the other hand, B10.A mice (susceptible to experimental infection) produced higher levels of IgE in the later period of the experimental infection than A/J infected mice.


Rational nilpotent adjoint orbits are key objects in representation theory. Finite in number, they can be abstractly parametrized using Galois cohomology. In this paper, for local non-archimedean fields of characteristic zero or sufficiently large, with odd residual characteristic, we explicitly parametrize and count the arithmetic nilpotent adjoint orbits in each geometric orbit of orthogonal and special orthogonal groups, and then separately give an algorithmic construction for representatives of each orbit. We prove these representatives are minimal, in the sense that if the residual characteristic is sufficiently large then they give a realization of the parametrization of rational nilpotent orbits proposed by DeBacker.


We read the article[1] with interest and would like to congratulate the authors.Urethral stricture after TURP was often overlooked in earlier times. But due to the increasing numbers of Bipolar-TURP being performed, this complication cannot be ignored anymore. As stated in the article, the incidence of urethral stricture following Bipolar‐TURP is up to 6.3%,[1] but the exact etiology is still unknown.


The invention discloses a dephosphorization mixture which comprises the following components of hydrated lime, aluminum salt, bentonite and PAM (polyacrylamide). The invention also discloses application of the mixture. The dephosphorization mixture has the advantages of low cost, high dephosphorization efficiency, environmental friendliness and the like.


Requirements are strict in Streaming media technology for network bandwidth, audio/video real-time data transmission and continuous playback. At the same time, the user also has a certain requirements in quality of service of streaming media application QoS(Quality of Service), and asks the system to provide a commitment for network bandwidth, end to end delay, physical jitter, packet error rate and other index. Therefore, how to build strong QoS management mechanisms to meet the requirements of users is imminent. However, its monitoring technology has no uniform standard to support. There are some limitations in the current indicators, so this paper proposes packet transmission time based on monitoring indicators calculated index of VTD (Video Timestamp Dithering), which is not only widely applied, but also timelier and accurate reflection of the network jitter.


Customer value is the primary characteristic of an enterprise's core competitiveness. A customer value oriented supply chain management is able to produce competitive cost and time advantages, as well as solving problems in convergence, coordination and information sharing during the creation and transfer of value, by implementing resource sharing and collaboration between members in the supply chain. This paper starts by defining the connotation of customer value, and then utilizes models to analyze the mechanism of customer value creation via supply chain management. It is proposed that a customer value oriented supply chain management should aim to enhance customer perceived benefits and reduce customer perceived sacrifices, in order to maximize customer value through ways of supply chain designing, product selection and business process reengineering etc.


Persistent inflammation, as revealed by increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, is associated with several chronic disorders, as highlighted by Barbara Nicklas and colleagues.[1][1] Accordingly, current guidelines recommend 30 minutes or more of daily, moderate-intensity physical exercise.[2][2


ABSTRACT The management of assessment—in contrast to assessment methods themselves—has received surprisingly little attention in the literature, yet is of considerable importance at a time when students are increasingly taking on customer‐like roles, with all that this implies for complaints, appeals and—in extreme circumstances—litigation. It is argued that three broad conditions need to be satisfied if the management of assessment is to be effective: there has to be a clear definition of the purpose(s) to be served; a strategy designed to lead to the fulfilment of purpose(s); and an operationalisation that 'works'. This paper considers factors (at institutional, departmental and individual levels) that bear on the satisfaction of these conditions, and how they interrelate. It concludes by making a number of general recommendations regarding practice.


Objecfive To investigate the curative effect of Yunpi Zhengye decoction in the treatment of chronic functional constipation due to deficiency of both Qi and Yin.Methods 87 cases in line with the diagnostic criteria of functional constipation were randomly divided into a treatment group(46 cases)and a control group(41 cases).The treatment group was treated with Yunpi Zhengye decoction and the control group was treated with Maren Pills for a therapeutic course of 15 days.Results The cure rate,excellent cure rate and total effective rate in the treatment group Was 71.7%,23.9% and 97.8% respectively,and in the control group was 14.6%,14.6% and 87.8% respectively.The effective rate in the treatment group Was significant better than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Yunpi Zhengye decoction has good result in treeing chronic functional constipation due to deficiency of both Qi and Yin.

Key words:
Chronic functional constipation; Deficiency of both Qi and Yin; Yunpi Zhengye decoction


Introduction: The ability of the SHARAD sounder to delineate subsurface structural features has proved pertinent in revealing the morphologic properties of buried Amazonian outflow channels [1]. Morgan et al [1] investigation of the >1000 km long Marte Vallis outflow channel demonstrated that SHARAD data could be used to reconstruct complex channel features that have been embayed by lava flows. The study also provided refined depth estimates of the channel floors. Marte Vallis is not the only Amazonian aged outflow channel on Mars. The Elysium Planitia region contains multiple channel systems, including the >300 km long Athabasca Valles system, which represents the youngest outflow channel on Mars [2-3]. As is the case with Marte Vallis, lava flows have embayed the Athabasca Valles channels. Here we document analysis of SHARAD data that reveal new details of the original channel beds.


The study focuses on economic growth in SADC by examining the role of institutional variables; determining the key drivers and finding out the strength of the marginal effects of institutional quality. The study used a GMM estimator by Arellano and Bond (1991) and annual country data covering the period 1996-2010. Good quality institutions have an indirect impact on growth by working through trade openness, gross fixed capital formation, financial openness, human capital and savings ratio. Government stability, improved government effectiveness and absence of conflicts have direct effect on economic growth. High inflows of foreign direct investment are beneficial in the presence of low levels of political violence. The generic determinants of economic growth are necessary but not sufficient in explaining economic growth. Thus any reforms meant to enhance economic growth in SADC should give priority to putting in place good quality institutions which are a vital precondition.


This book is not an easy read. Nevertheless, if the effort is made there is a lot to be gained from reading and reflecting on its message. The authors have attempted a major task: to identify and describe design activity (in the broadest sense) as a philosophical tradition, 'a culture of inquiry and action'. With a phenomenon as complex and multi-dimensional as this, distillation into a linear sequence in the form of words (not the natural language of design) is extremely difficult. The authors could have assisted this process by being more concise and avoiding the adoption of terms from classical philosophy, when simpler terms would be more accessible. Nevertheless, if the reader persists, the book offers a very timely focus for significant reflection. This is as relevant to the mid-career professional designer, academics working on teaching and research in the full range of design disciplines, and those who commission design on whatever scale. This is not a text for the average undergraduate.


The treatment and final disposal of urban solid wastes is one of the great environmental problems of present. In the case of sanitary landfills, the areas for settlement of such projects are increasingly scarce, especially in great urban areas, exactly where there is great waste production. It is notable the necessity of searching adequate alternatives for the final disposal of solid wastes. The correct disposal of solid wastes in sanitary landfills requires that these projects be treated in an integral approach, since the choice of the site, the project development, and the execution of the construction, to the operation management and correlated environmental monitoring actions. The intent of such actions is to minimize potential risks to the environment, being one of the most serious the soil and water contamination by the leachate generated in landfills. Landfill leachate is produced during the operation and after closure of landfills. They must be collected, treated and monitored for several decades. Currently, in most of landfills in Brazil, there is no accurate information about the volume of generated leachate and for how long it is produced. For this dissertation it has been held a survey of operating and closed landfills from 1998 to 2012 in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, as well as the leachate generated. Using these data, a historical series of this period has been traced, from which one can infer the magnitude of the problem for the next years. This study also addresses future need of the leachate treatment system.


This paper comments on the vital viewpoint of the social life and the national economy and the people's livehood by the two debating paties: Sang Hongyang and Xian Liang etc. The Content focuses on scholar's progressive outlook on social life and economic thought in the Han dynasty. A corect understanding of these ploblems is benefcial to modem society.


In October 2011 the Australian Government released Defining Quality, a consultation paper focussing on quality aspects around research training. The paper addresses the quality of the physical and intellectual environment, the flexibility and 'fit' of the scheme and its broader fitness for purpose in supporting research education. A second paper, due for release in June 2012, is set to address technical aspects of the scheme, including options for how results from the Federal Government's research quality measurement exercise, the Excellence in Research for Australia Initiative (ERA), may influence funding allocations under the RTS scheme. While addressing different issues, the two papers are related. Funding formulae are typically associated with measures of performance, and those in turn are taken as measures of quality. Conceptions of what constitutes quality are therefore likely to inform the indicator mix which will eventually determine the distribution of federally funded places and possibly also scholarships from 2013. Before jumping to conclusions regarding the prospect that ERA may determine the allocation of federally funded research higher degree places or scholarships, it is important to be clear on three very important points:


The paper presents a classification of mathematical commonly encountered in connection with solution of non−linear finite element problems. The principal methods for numerical solution of the non−linear equations are surveyed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed upon the description of an automatic load incrementation procedure with equilibrium iterations. It is shown how this algorithm can be adapted for solving problems involving instabilities, snap−through and snap−back. A simple scalar quantity denoted the current stiffness parameter is suggested; this parameter is used to characterize the overall behaviour of non−linear problems. It can also be used as a steering parameter in the solution process. The use of the present technique is illustrated by several examples.


The practical implementation of adaptive controllers using minicomputers requires algorithms which are both numerically economical and robust. The problem of combined state and parameter estimation for adaptive controllers was originally posed as a nonlinear filtering problem. The only known nonlinear filter which can be practically implemented on a small computer is the extended Kalman filter. The extended Kalman filter, however, often diverges, thus, there is a need for economical, robust parameter-state estimators. A simple suboptimal parameter and state estimator is presented which fills this need. The filter is based on a particular canonical form for the state-space equations of a linear system which allows the parameters and states to be estimated separately using two linear estimators. If an innovations model is used, the steady-state Kalman filter gains can be estimated and thus, during steady-state operation, the estimates of the states can be easily obtained. Numerical exampies are presented which demonstrate the increased robustness and speed of the proposed linear estimator over the extended Kalman filter.


Words are the foundations of language. They play an important role in translation and communication. To better understand English and Chinese and to use them exactly, the distinctions of them in word formation are presented, especially derivation including prefix and suffix.


After eight years all-round development, ALiBaBa has established its own unique management mode, offering a total brand new interpretation for electronic business, and introducing a new network management mode——B2B2C mode. This new network mode not only reduces the cost of production and marketing, but also helps ALiBaBa avoid bottleneck of distribution, logistics and stock. Therefore, it paves the way for further development of electronic business.


Objective To define the safety and efficacy of renal artery stenting,as well as the separate renal function by the renography 1 year after stenting.Methods All patients referred for stenting of one or both renal artery due to atherosclerotic stenosis from January 2006 to March 2009 were included in a retrospectively collected database.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure,number of antihypertensive medications,serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and GFR were recorded.Patients were followed-up at 6 to 24 months post-procedure.Results Significant improvement or stabilization of hypertension has been observed after the procedure.Systolic/diastolic blood pressure decreased from a mean of 160±19/86±12 mmHg at baseline to 135±17/78±11 mmHg at 6 months,138±16/77±9 mmHg at 12 months and 135±14/75±10 mmHg at 24 months(all P0.001).Pulse pressure decreased significantly(P0.05)at 6-months follow-up.Mean number of medications per patient at 6 months decreased from 2.85±0.73 to 2.13±0.86,at 12 months to 2.19±1.12(both P0.001)and 2.61±0.87(P0.05)at 24 months.The mean creatinine and eGFR at follow-up was mainly unchanged or slightly worsened in patients.The GFR measured by nephrogram was improved in 11.7% of the patients at 12 months follow-up,but the GFR of all the non-stenting renal was lightly worsen.Conclusion Renal artery stenting appears effective for the treatment of clinically significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and a slight improvement of the stented renal function has been observed.


The computational analysis of variety concepts for improving critical speed design margin of a gas turbine was performed using assumed mode method and numerical fitting method. Combining measurement results,the reasonable improved design concept was presented and adopted which moved forward the flange of front support and increased the axial length of bearing casing and decreased the casing thickness from 16mm to 10mm. The second order critical speed margin to rated speed was increased from 5% to 10% and then vibration characteristics were improved.


Abstract. The article systematically examines the problems of using quality management tools to make informed management decisions. The use of FMEA analysis to analyze the types and consequences of possible damages in relation to the production of cable products is considered.


V 1. Research Background of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ·············································· 1 1.1 Characteristic of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ······························ 3 1.1.1 Crystal Structure ·························································································· 3 1.1.2 Electronic Structure ······················································································ 4 1.1.3 Optical Property ·························································································· 4 1.2 Isolation or Synthesis Method of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ··········· 9 1.2.1 Mechanical Exfoliation ·················································································· 9 1.2.2 Chemical Exfoliation ···················································································· 9 1.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition ··········································································· 10 1.3 Functionalization of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ························ 14 1.3.1 Covalent Functionalization ············································································ 14 1.3.2 Functionalization with Nanoparticles ································································ 15 1.3.3 Hydrogenation ·························································································· 15 2. Experimental Section ························································································· 18 2.1 Synthesis of Single-layer MoSe2 ········································································· 18 2.2 Characterization of Single-layer MoSe2 ································································· 18 2.3 Hydrogenation of MoSe2 ·················································································· 18 2.4 Fabrication of MoSe2 Field Effect Transistor ·························································· 19 3. Result and Discussion ························································································ 19 3.1 Surface Characterization of Hydrogenated MoSe2 ···················································· 19 3.2 Photoluminescence and Raman of Hydrogenated MoSe2 ············································ 24 3.3 Analysis of X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum on Hydrogenated MoSe2 ······························ 27 3.4 Electron Transport Property of Hydrogenated MoSe2 ················································ 29 3.5 Reversible Hydrogenation ················································································ 32 3.6 Hydrogenation of Free-standing MoSe2 ································································ 32 4. Summary ······································································································· 35 5. Reference ······································································································· 36


Accurate definition of boundary conditions is of crucial importance for room acoustic predictions because the wall impedance phase angle can affect the sound field in rooms and acoustic parameters applied to assess a room reverberation. In this paper, the issue was investigated theoretically using the convolution integral and a modal representation of the room impulse response for complex-valued boundary conditions. Theoretical considerations have been accompanied with numerical simulations carried out for a rectangular room. The case of zero phase angle, which is often assumed in room acoustic simulations, was taken as a reference, and differences in the sound pressure level and decay times were determined in relation to this case. Calculation results have shown that a slight deviation of the phase angle with respect to the phase equal to zero can cause a perceptual difference in the sound pressure level. This effect was found to be due to a change in modal frequencies as a result of an increase or decrease in the phase angle. Simulations have demonstrated that surface distributions of decay times are highly irregular, while a much greater range of the early decay time compared to the reverberation time range indicates that a decay curve is nonlinear. It was also found that a difference between the decay times predicted for the complex impedance and real impedance is especially clearly audible for the largest impedance phase angles because it corresponds approximately to 4 just noticeable differences for the reverberation metrics.


We develop a test for equality of variances given two independent random samples of observations. The test can be expected to perform well when both sample sizes are at least moderate and the sample variances are asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimators of the population variances. The test is motivated by and is here assessed for the case when both populations sampled are assumed to be normal. Popular choices of test would be the two-sample 𝐹 test if normality can be assumed and Levene's test if this assumption is dubious. Another competitor is the Wald test for the difference in the population variances. We give a nonparametric analogue of this test and call it the 𝑅 test. In an indicative empirical study when both populations are normal, we find that when both sample sizes are at least 25 the 𝑅 test is nearly as robust as Levene's test and nearly as powerful as the 𝐹 test.


We coupled generative adversarial network with topology optimization for efficient thermal emitter design development. The proposed method can generate highly efficient metasurface designs with a non-trivial topology for efficient spectral control of thermal blackbody radiation. © 2019 The Author(s)


This article investigates whether school activism diminishes the alienation that accompanies urban youths' observations of unequal educational conditions, and often leads to underachievement and school rejection. The study is based on interviews with 13 urban youth about their participation in a community-based program that supports education organizing. Findings reveal that school activism is a promising intervention that encourages more constructive responses to schooling. However, the opportunity to participate in school activism was more influential for students who were already integrated into school life and initially felt less acutely alienated. Implications for enhancing the prevalence of success among urban students are considered.


The creation of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), commonly known as the Brundtland Commission, and the publication in 1987 of its report, "Our Common Future" marked a turning point towards finding the balance among society, economy, and environment. Since then, governments have improved existing regulations or created others, organizations for standardizations have developed new standards, management and process practices have addressed potential gaps, public and private organizations have taken initiative through the creation of committees and programs and research covering all areas of sustainable development has become a priority for academics and practitioners. These different sources serve as the basis for a pre-selection process of sustainable development indicators (SDIs). While some sources do not specifically address certain industries, the pre-selection process suggested in this manuscript studies and analyzes each SDI's resource and the possible applicability of already-identified indicators. An assertive set of SDIs is not solely based on regulatory systems, as measuring sustainability cannot become a bureaucratic process, and neither can any other SDI's source single-handedly determine or mandate the final set of indicators, as the real objective is to assist decision-makers and effectively engage stakeholders. This paper presents an analysis of six different sources for pre-selecting SDIs, accompanied by a methodology to then finalize with a set of SDIs for the surface mining operations in oil sands projects. Surface mining projects are complex operations with several social, economic, environmental, and health impacts. As the government and oil sands developers are turning towards increasing Environmental Impact II 519 www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 181, © 2014 WIT Press doi:10.2495/EID140441 productivity with a more conscious sustainable development approach, a preselection of SDIs is required to assist further formal multi-criteria selection processes.


Electro-fluidic display (EFD) is a new reflective display based on electrowetting phenomenon which is applied to the outdoor billboard. Organic dyes are the most important materials for the color gamut and reliability of the EFD devices, which are always synthesized based on mono-chromophore dye in previous work. In this paper, we report our research on azopyrazolone as the chromophore to construct a polychromic macromolecular dye system. The light stability and photo-electric properties of these new dyes are researched detailed. It is found that the light stability of multi-chromophore dyes and backflow properties are much better than corresponding mono-chromophore dye.


In article practical experience of younger pupils play the recorder and the success of this musical activity in the revitalization process of musical development of children.


Traditionally, health professionals' claim to a high degree of autonomy and discretion in their practice has rested on an implicit or explicit claim that this is a necessary condition for them to work in a way that maximizes benefits for patients, clients, or users of their services. The knowledge gap, or informational asymmetry, between professionals and non-professionals is such that their work cannot be managed or scrutinized by people who have not experienced the same socialization processes. This creates a potential for professionals to misuse their knowledge to exploit patients, insurers, or employers: professional ethics justify patient trust. However, professionals have always been accountable in a variety of other ways – and these modes of accountability have proliferated as deference has declined.

Keywords:

bioethics;
ethics;
health professions