Because of its subtle symptoms, a diagnosis of akathisia is often overlooked when a patient's symptoms worsen during drug treatment. The symptoms, which include restlessness and anxiety, are much like those of such conditions as tardive dyskinesia, restless legs syndrome, and "molimina crurum nocturna." The author warns that the phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and butyrophenones exacerbate akathisia and that a careful diagnosis should be made before increasing a patient's medication.


Data and energy integrated communication networks (DEINs) have emerged for simultaneously realising both of wireless energy transfer and wireless data transfer by exploiting radio-frequency signals. A heterogeneous DEIN is studied, which consists of both indoor and outdoor user equipments (UEs). In order to characterise the diverse data and energy requirements of UEs, a utility function is defined in terms of signal-to-interference-pus-noise-ratio (SINR). Furthermore, a time-reuse energy harvesting TDMA (TR-EH-TDMA) enabled resource allocation is formulated for the sake of improving the resource utilization and of optimising the overall system utility. An iterative algorithm for joint time and power allocation is developed for obtaining the optimal resource allocation scheme. The numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our TR-EH-TDMA enabled resource allocation scheme over the other existing counterparts.


Though foreign direct investments (FDIs) in India were significant in the 1950s and 1960s, FDI inflows were meager in the 1970s and 1980s. By the mid-1980s, the stagnation and technological obsolescence in Indian industry led to a push for economic reform and deregulation of exchange controls. As a result of the reforms agreed with the IMF, FDI boomed in post reform India and FDIs in India are considered to be a major stimulus in our economic growth as it has the ability to curtail the shortage of financial resources and the shortage of technology and skill consequently. But the researchers are also of the opinion that FDI may exert a negative impact on economic growth of the recipient countries by extracting their labor and other resources.


As the video-game industry has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years, so too has the realism of the games. Many advances are constantly being made in different areas of video game realism, but one such area that is frequently overlooked is the behaviour of the friendly non-player characters (NPC's); the most obvious examples of which are the townsfolk in role-playing games. This paper looks at how these NPC's are to behave and what qualities they are to possess if they are to give the player the impression that they behave in a human-like manner. This is achieved through the creation of several series of videogame environments, each containing NPC's exhibiting different behavioural patterns. A test audience then views these game worlds, and answer questionnaires relating to their personal perception of the inhabitants of each. After analysing their responses and comparing the results for each of the different NPC behavioural patterns, several guideline requirements are produced for creating life-like NPC's.


The solar energy is an intermittent nature of source with diurnal variation. A constant rate of energy supply to a power plant can be achieved by using a hybrid solar-biomass system. In this system, parabolic solar collectors and biomass furnace have been arranged in parallel to supply thermal energy to an Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based power generation system. A heat transfer fluid (HTF) is used to transport the solar energy and bio-energy. A feed control in biomass fuel with variable solar radiation is used. Solar energy is limited to a maximum share of 50% to avoid the operation of biomass combustion at low fuel feed rate in day time. A model for the system is developed and thermodynamic analysis is done. The performances of ORC system for three organic working fluids, R123, R134a and R600a, are theoretically studied and compared with same inlet turbine conditions (pressure and temperature) and variation in solar energy sharing to select a suitable working fluid. The focused results, for 1 kW of power generation, are thermal efficiency, aperture area of parabolic solar collectors, biomass feed rate, mass flow rate of HTF, mass flow rate of working fluid and volume flow rate in turbineThe solar energy is an intermittent nature of source with diurnal variation. A constant rate of energy supply to a power plant can be achieved by using a hybrid solar-biomass system. In this system, parabolic solar collectors and biomass furnace have been arranged in parallel to supply thermal energy to an Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based power generation system. A heat transfer fluid (HTF) is used to transport the solar energy and bio-energy. A feed control in biomass fuel with variable solar radiation is used. Solar energy is limited to a maximum share of 50% to avoid the operation of biomass combustion at low fuel feed rate in day time. A model for the system is developed and thermodynamic analysis is done. The performances of ORC system for three organic working fluids, R123, R134a and R600a, are theoretically studied and compared with same inlet turbine conditions (pressure and temperature) and variation in solar energy sharing to select a suitable working fluid. The focused results, for 1 kW of pow...


The presented study demonstrates the possibility of an analytical approach called the multi-optional hybrid-effectiveness functions uncertainty measure conditional optimization doctrine. This method is applied in order to obtain the known, therefore considered proven, solutions by-passing the entirely probabilistic approach. It is made in application to the stochastic process measures determination. Supposedly, the process is developing in the aircraft engine system's element (the state condition of its material). The solution is found in the framework of the entropy paradigm. It helps assess the newly emerged materials applications rationality and the novelty technologies implementations expediency on condition of the operational options uncertainty.


In wireless ad hoc networks, Quality of Service (QoS) can be obtained efficiently using the power control scheme. Power control can be achieved by incorporating cooperation among the available links. In this paper, we propose an adaptive pricing scheme that enables the nodes in the networks to determine the maximum allowable power that can be used for transmission of data within the networks so as to avoid inducing interference in the other links that exist in the networks. Each node calculates the total power which, when used for data transmission with the other nodes would obtain Nash Equilibrium (NE) for the utility function. This in turn contributes to maximize the frequency reuse and thereby improves throughput capacity. Numerical results prove that the overall throughput of the network is improved under this scheme.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Germline testing for prostate cancer (PCa) is now recommended by clinical guidelines for PCa risk assessment. Ten genes involved in hereditary cancer syndromes (ATM, BRCA...


Objective To investigate the expression of Cyclin D1 in stage T2-3 N0 M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and its relationship with patient prognosis. Methods Expression of Cyclin D1 in 227 ESCC specimens at stage T2-3 N0 M0 was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to select the cut-off score for high or low IHC reactivity. Correlations between Cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of ESCC patients were determined. Results Among the 227 patients,90(39.6%) patients had low expression of Cyclin D1,and 137(60.4%) patients had high expression of Cyclin D1.No signifi cant correlation was observed between Cyclin D1 expression and patient gender(P=0.298),age(P=0.525),tumor location(P= 0.570),tumor length(P=0.056),tumor grade(P=0.713),and depth of invasion(P=0.557). There was signifi cant difference in prognosis between low-expression Cyclin D1 group and high-expression Cyclin D1 group(3-year survival rate:51.1% vs. 43.8%, 5-year survival rate:43.3% vs. 30.7%,P=0.047). Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis showed that Cyclin D1 was not an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients at stage T2 ~ 3 N0 M0(relative risk=1.378,95% CI:0.990-1.919,P=0.057). Conclusion Over expression of Cyclin D1 may be an adverse prognostic factor of ESCC patients at stage T2-3 N0 M0.


A multiagent system (Weiss, 2000); (Russell & Norving, 1995) is proposed as an approach to social phenomena and complex systems in recent years. Agents are connected with networks, and they cooperate and negotiate with each other to solve problems by exchanging information. In addition, many multiagent simulators (MAS) are proposed, and some frameworks for developing MAS are also developed. These frameworks make the amount of work reduce. But it is necessary to build models that are required to develop simulators from scratch. It becomes a burden to developers. The models correspond to a model of MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern. These models would be specialized in the framework and lack in reusability. Problems of these simulator frameworks are shown in the following: • Implementing models takes time and cost. • Managing models is very difficult. • The reusability of models is low. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a graphical model editor that can build models diagrammatically and a simulator development method using the editor. The method is compared with a conventional method from the viewpoint of usability and workload. The proposed method is applied to some examples and the results show that our method is effective in construction of multiagent simulators.


The purpose of this study was to investigate Hong Kong preschool teachers' music-specific professional development (PD) preferences and analyze the potential differences among teachers with varying levels of teaching experience (beginning, experienced, and advanced). A survey was developed to assess four music-specific PD preferences: content, facilitators, types, and activities/resources. We found that respondents ( N = 1,019) preferred PD that was centered on musical creativity and curriculum integration; facilitated by experts in pedagogy and music performance; conducted as short workshops and mentoring sessions; and focused on observation, skill acquisition, and practice. The data also revealed significant differences between beginning, experienced, and advanced teachers and their PD preferences. Beginning teachers showed a higher preference for graduate studies and blended PD. Beginning and experienced teachers were more interested in playing instruments and in learning by observing other teachers. Advanced teachers showed preference for PD focusing on dance and music appreciation. The study shows that teaching experience is a crucial factor for determining preschool teachers' music-specific PD preferences. Implications include considering teachers' interests, motivations, and needs while planning and designing PD for preschool teachers. Further research should explore what teachers with different profiles require in specific educational settings.


A process for producing cigarette double packs, each double package (2) consists of two opposed, in particular rigid, hinged individual packs (3a, 3b) which are connected at their bottom walls to each other so that their longitudinal axes (52) are coaxial with each other, with following steps: - supplying the individual packs (3a, 3b) in an ordered sequences and in a first direction (11), wherein the longitudinal axes (52) of individual packages (3a, 3b) parallel to the first direction (11) are aligned, - gripping two supplied, adjacent individual packages (3a, 3b) and conveying the individual packages (3a, 3b) in each case one input of two channels (43, 44), wherein rotation of the second individual packages (3b) of each pair by 180 ° relative to the first individual packages (3a) of the same pair is carried out so that the bottom walls facing each other, - conveying the two individual packs (3a, 3b) along the channels (43, 44) in a second direction (38), wherein the longitudinal axes (52) of individual packages (3a, 3b) perpendicular to ...


Mousetrap appliance is an effective treatment modality for anterior open bite that utilizes implants inserted into the anterior palate and brings about open bite correction by intruding the maxillary molars. This is a finite element study that assesses the stress contours at the bone mini-screw interface, when the maxillary molars are intruded by a mousetrap appliance. Materials and Methods: A finite element model of the maxilla and the mousetrap appliance made of 288332 elements and 64771 nodes was generated using software tools like MIMICS and HYPERMESH. A simulated force of 100 grams was applied to the maxillary molar through the appliance and the stress contours were assessed. Results: In the cortical bone Von-mises stress at the bone mini-screw interface was around 13.2MPa whereas in the cancellous bone it was around 0.198MPa. Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that the mousetrap appliance which exerts a force within the range of recommended force for molar intrusion generates stress contours at the bone mini-screw interface in cortical as well as cancellous bone. More stress is generated in the cortical bone.


In this paper, high surface area nanocrystalline gamma alumina was synthesized by the sol-gel method using cationic surfactant. The Pt-based dehydrogenation catalysts consisting of promoters and support modifiers (Sn, In, Li and Fe) were prepared using the synthesized gamma alumina and employed in the dehydrogenation reaction of n-dodecane. The effects of different successive impregnation methods for Pt, Sn and In elements were investigated in dehydrogenation of normal dodecane. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques. The catalytic performances of the prepared samples showed the best catalytic results for the catalyst which was prepared by the co-impregnation of In, Sn and Fe in the first step followed by Pt and Li impregnation in the second and third step, respectively. The synthesized support also performed well as an efficient carrier for the dehydrogenation catalyst of higher normal paraffins.

 Key words: Nanomaterials, sol–gel preparation, γ-Al2O3, dehydrogenation catalyst, catalyst modifiers, successive impregnation.


Inheritance of resistance to sterility mosaic disease and allelic relationships of the genes present in different pigenopea genotypes have been determined. Observations in F1 and F2 generations indicated dominance of susceptibility over resistance and tolerance. However, differential behaviour of resistant lines for their disease reaction in F1 combinations with tolerant parents indicated that the tolerant reaction was dominant over the resistance of certain lines. The disease reaction of plants in F1 and F2 generations in different combinations has been explained on the basis of more than two alleles at two loci.


The nappe structure in the east ore zone of the Baiyangping area,Yunnan,is a front of the thrust nappe system of a foreland basin related to the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan orogenic belt,belonging to the emergent imbricate fan-type front.In the mining area the Huachangshan fault and Shuimofang fault form the pop-up structure of the nappe front.The two faults are not only the main ore-conducting structure but also the main ore-hosting structure.The hot brine that circulated at depths rose along the faults and then filled in their secondary faults or interstratal fractured zones inside the thrust faults and in their hanging walls.In the Huachangshan fault zone,the change of ore-forming element contents has certain relation to different types of structural rock.


This article presents an analysis of trends in the development of the information technology market. The development of the content management systems (CMS) is traced from its origin. The tools designed to create such systems are considered. First of all, these are programming languages and technology companies working in this field. It is no secret that the development of the Internet is primarily associated with the development of the sources of information, that is, with the websites. Currently, there constantly appear much easier ways of website creation and the procedure of information uploading is getting significantly simplified year by year. A brief analysis of programming languages for creating websites is given. The possibilities and tools for creating CMS augmented with a number of frameworks to speed up the development exponentially and having other advantages as well are dwelt upon. The functional capabilities of CRM-systems both in general and for the development of the whole business, especially the online segment are presented. The article substantiates the necessity for the implementation of CRM system and describes the main features of the system.


The pigment pyocyanine, produced by Ps. pyocyaneus, together with its leuco form has been shown by Friedheim and Michaelis to constitute a reversible oxidation-reduction system. Friedheim has shown that under certain circumstances the pigment may act as a respiratory enzyme. In this paper it is shown that two ordinary types of culture media, when sterile and freely exposed to the air, exhibit potentials more positive than that of pyocyanine. With the growth of Ps. pyocyaneus the potential, in the depths of the fluids, falls to a more negative value than that of the leuco form of this pigment. The surface layer exposed to air remains more positive than the potential of pyocyanine. The surface layer of the cultures therefore becomes colored; the deeper layers remain colorless.These changes in potential in the culture fluid make ideal conditions for the functioning of pyocyanine as a respiratory catalyst—at the surface of the medium it is oxidized, in the depths reduced. The observation that a non pyocyanine...


Objective: to study the morphoscopic and morphometric characteristics of the LV-SI intervertebral disc according to magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and methods. The analysis of magnetic resonance imaging of 90 patients (66 men, 24 women) who did not have diseases of the lumbar spine was performed. Various morphometric parameters of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and nucleus pulposus (NP) at the LV-SI level were measured using software for processing images created on an MRI machine. The obtained data were compared between men and women, asthenics, normosthenics, hypersthenics and young (from 18 to 44 years old) and middle-aged (from 45 to 60 years old) people. In addition, morphoscopic characteristics were studied: the shape of the IVD and NP in the axial plane. Results. It was found that in normal IVD LV-SI is most often represented by elliptical (54,5%) less often kidney-shaped (45,5%) forms. Normally, the NP has an oval (57,8%) and kidney-shaped (42,2%) shape. It was shown that in men, the dorsal height of the IVD, its width, anteroposterior size, square as well as the longitudinal-transverse index of the NP were significantly higher. It has been proven that there are no significant differences in the shape of the IVD between asthenics, normo- and hypersthenics, while the height of the IVD in the center, its ventral, dorsal heights and most lateral IVD height are significantly greater in hypersthenics. It has been proved that the kidney-shaped form of NP was significantly more common in asthenics, and the oval form - in hypersthenics, while the morphometric parameters of NP did not significantly differ between extreme body types. A tendency to a decrease in IVD height in middle-aged people compared to young people was shown. Conclusion. The results obtained are necessary when planning the operation, as well as for the manufacture of rigid implants and artificial discs for arthroplasty and interbody fusion.


Objective:Induced abortion in second trimester will cause the patients to be in unstable moods and disordered organic environments and thereby makes bad effects on the operation.So it is necessary to provide the patients with holistic nursing and treat them "with our hearts".Methods:First,psychotherapy.Second,different patients had different operations.Third,operate without any distance.Results:First,it helped the patients to get rid of extreme actions and feel pleasant,reliant and safe.Second,developed the nurses' such skills as nursing,coordination,communication and expression.Third,changed the previous nursing concept and built new doctor-nurse relationship and increased the quality of nursing.Conclusion:Holistic Nursing methods for induction of labor in patients with mid-pregnancy,is worthy of clinical applica tion.


A rate equation for water-gas shift reaction over a high-temperature shift catalyst (Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/) has been developed. This rate equation accounts for the effects of temperature, pressure, age of the catalyst, and H/sub 2/S content of the reacting gases on the catalyst behavior. The effect of diffusion of reactants and products inside the catalyst pores has also been considered. Subsequently, this rate equation has been used in a mathematical model developed for design and simulation calculation of high-temperature water-gas shift reactors. Agreement between experimental data and the calculated results is generally very good.


The present study was carried out at the apiary of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2000 season to evaluate the effectiveness of four materials; formic acid, oxalic acid, malathion powder and mitac 20% on varroatosis. The results indicated that all treatments were effective against the mite, but had little or no effects on the bees. Mitac 20% (acaricide) was the most effective compound on mites after a period of 8 days from treatment (620.6 mites), followed by Malathion (611.2), formic acid (212.6), while oxalic acid had the least effect (159.4 mites). The number of the associated mites was found to be higher with drones than those with workers (510 and 329 mites/100 bees, respectively).


Purpose: Low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) has been clinically applied to promote bone fracture healing in the orthopedic field. Thus, it is likely that LIPUS also stimulates bone regeneration in bone defects in the cranial-maxillofacial area. However, this has not been clearly proved. Furthermore, optimal time point and period of the application after the surgery has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of LIPUS on bone regeneration in the rat parietal bone defects especially focusing on time and period of the application. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats (14 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups: 5 experimental groups and a control group. Bone defect of 5 mm diameter was prepared on each side of the parietal bone and customized gelatin membranes were placed over the bone defects. LIPUS (160 mW/cm2, 15 min/day) was applied to the defect area with an active transducer externally in the experimental groups according to the schedules of the applications: Group 1 (day 6 - 12), group 2 (day 13 - 19), group 3 (day 20 - 26), group 4 (day 6 - 19) and group 5 (day 6 - 26). All the animals were sacrificed at 28 days. The defects were analyzed with micro CT and then histologically. Results: In Group 1, new bone formation was significantly promoted and the newly-formed bone was thick and matured compared to the one of the control group. In other experimental groups there were tendencies of stimulation of new bone formation; however, they were not statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that amount of new bone formation in the bone defect depended on the time and period of LIPUS application. It has been suggested that application of LIPUS at an early healing period, the second week after the surgery, effectively accelerated new bone formation.


A design approach of multi-beam hemisphere array using for receipt is presented.The array is made up of five half-wavelength piezoelectric transducers equably planted on the circumference of a hemisphere,and the "relay" working mode is adopted between elements.The array can provide five parallel beams covering the half-space,and the target orientation can be estimated roughly.The transducers and array hardware are manufactured and the validity of this approach is verified by experiments.


High performance of visible light communication (VLC) systems requires overcoming the limitations imposed by the optical wireless channel distortions resulting from path loss and temporal dispersion. In order to design techniques to combat the effects of channel distortions, an accurate VLC channel model is needed. In this paper, we propose a new regular-shaped geometry-based multiple bounce model (RS-GBMB) for VLC channels. The proposed model employs a combined two-ring model and ellipse model, where the received signal is constructed as a sum of the line-of-sight (LoS), single-, double-, and triple bounced rays of different powers. This makes the model sufficiently generic and adaptable to a variety of indoor scenarios. Based on the proposed RS-GBMB model, statistical properties are then investigated, such as the channel DC gain, mean excess delay, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and Rician factor.


This paper presents a face recognition algorithm based on wavelet transform and embedded Hidden Markov model.The algorithm analysis algorithm is easily affected by illumination,facial angle and facial expression and other external factors in facial feature extraction to reduce the principal component.Analysis of the impact of some of the key problems of face recognition rate of the wavelet transform algorithm.Experiments show that the proposed algorithm gains good recognition effect.


[1] The Basel earthquake of 18 October 1356 is considered one of the most serious earthquakes in Europe in recent centuries (I0 = IX, M ≈ 6.5–6.9). In this paper we present ground motion simulations for earthquake scenarios for the city of Basel and its vicinity. The numerical modeling combines the finite extent pseudodynamic and kinematic source models with complex local structure in a two-step hybrid three-dimensional (3-D) finite difference (FD) method. The synthetic seismograms are accurate in the frequency band 0–2.2 Hz. The 3-D FD is a linear explicit displacement formulation using an irregular rectangular grid including topography. The finite extent rupture model is adjacent to the free surface because the fault has been recognized through trenching on the Reinach fault. We test two source models reminiscent of past earthquakes (the 1999 Athens and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake) to represent Mw ≈ 5.9 and Mw ≈ 6.5 events that occur approximately to the south of Basel. To compare the effect of the same wave field arriving at the site from other directions, we considered the same sources placed east and west of the city. The local structural model is determined from the area's recently established P and S wave velocity structure and includes topography. The selected earthquake scenarios show strong ground motion amplification with respect to a bedrock site, which is in contrast to previous 2-D simulations for the same area. In particular, we found that the edge effects from the 3-D structural model depend strongly on the position of the earthquake source within the modeling domain.


According to the Consumer Protection Act 1986: "consumer" means any person who: buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any commercial purpose.


Objective To study the changing in number of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) after deep brain stimulation (DBS), and to explore the mechanism of DBS in treating PD. Methods One hundred and thirty PD patients were divided into 2 groups, namely, non-DBS group [N = 105; 68 males and 37 females; mean age (61.54 ± 10.44) years; mean duration (7.29 ± 4.57) years], and DBS group [N = 25; 16 males and 9 females; mean age (59.20 ± 10.67) years; mean disease duration (12.16 ± 4.79) years]. There were 73 healthy subjects [37 males and 36 females; mean age (61.89 ± 12.20) years] in control group. The differences of the number of PBL among the 3 groups were analyzed. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between PBL number and influenzing factors [gender, age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅲ score, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, and drug equivalent daily dose]. Results The number of PBL in non-DBS group was less than that in control group ( P = 0.000). There was significant correlation between UPDRS Ⅲ and PBL number ( rs = ⁃ 0.403, P = 0.031). No correlation was found between PBL number and gender, age, disease duration, H-Y stage or drug equivalent daily dose ( P > 0.05, for all). No difference was shown between PBL number in control group and in DBS group ( P = 0.137) and no correlations were found with clinical variables ( P > 0.05). The PBL number in non-DBS group was less than that in DBS group ( P = 0.006). With the same H-Y stage, PBL number in non-DBS group was also less than that in DBS group in Mann-Whitney U test (H-Y 2.5: Z = ⁃ 2.197, P = 0.043; H-Y 3: Z = ⁃ 1.875, P = 0.027; H-Y 4: Z = ⁃ 3.760, P = 0.016). Conclusion The changing in the number of PBL is the specific feature of PD and may be correlated with the immuno-inflammation of central nervous system, which may be relieved by DBS.


In the paper we prove a formula for the limit of the difference between the power of the asymptotically optimal test and the power of the asymptotically most powerful test for the case of Laplace distribution.


The Fire Research Discipline of the Hazards Control Department of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory conducted a fire test program. Their primary concern was that the effects from fire would cause disruption of signals within cable trays resident in DOE nuclear facilities. Such malfunctions could adversely effect or prevent the safe shut down or other critical control functions. Four cable bundles comprised of a power cable, coaxial, and two multiconductor cables were laid in fully loaded 6-ft ladder type cable trays and energized with dc current. The power cable in each bundle was energized while the remaining cables in the bundle along with the cable tray were monitored for current transfer. Five full-scale fire tests of grouped cables in trays were conducted to address the potential occurrence of various types of electrical failures. The cable tray was supported above a test fire produced by a natural gas fired burner.


tial process that we are concerned with in the teaching of English. These words would be the verbalization of experience. In other words, it's encouraging people to put what they have experienced into words-when I'm writing I'm putting something that happened to me into words, when I'm speaking I'm putting something that happened to me into words. But the conventional English teaching is more than this-literature for instance. So obviously my definition is incomplete. My publisher, however, is adamant; I can only have three words. This is an even greater problem, but at last I have an inspiration. I switch them around. The other part of the process encouraging English teaching is the experience of verbalizatio7n. "Verbalization" is what other people write and what other people say. And we as readers read what they write and we as listeners listen to what they are speaking. The definition seems to include some-


Objective To determine the use of quantitative diffusion anisotropy values as an objective means of detecting infants suffering from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) in full-term neonatal period,and to evaluate the follow-up value of DTI on full-term HIE and the effect of HIE on myelination.Materials and Methods Quantitative diffusion tensor MR images from 45 infants who had been clinically diagnosed as HIE before,including 20 mild cases,16 moderate cases,9 severe cases.Fractional anisotropy(FA) values were calculated in predefined regions of the three groups.A one-way ANOVA(analysis of varriance) was performed to compare FA values among the groups for each region.Results FA values of the three groups were significantly different in regions of intresting(ROIs): splenium of corpus callosum,posterior limb of internal capsule,corona radiate,front white matter,parietal white matter,and FA values decreased in line with the ascending degree of HIE.FA values of the three groups were not significantly different in putamina nuclei.Conclusion Quantitative diffusion tensor of anisotropy values can improve conspicuity better than conventional MRI images and provide an objective measure of hypoxic-ischemic injury on myelination of white matters.Calculation of anisotropy values may provide a valuable marker index for the severity of hypoxic-ischemic injury and a predictor of prognosis.


This research project sets out to determine whether there are patterns to the adoption of e-governance tools on Ontario municipal websites. Although several potential patterns were examined, there is a specific focus on whether the adoption follows a hierarchical pattern based on intended engagement outcomes. The Planning Department sections of 160 websites for cities with populations between 10,000 and 500,000 citizens were searched for a list of 15 online tools that were selected following a literature review into various uses of online tools. The results demonstrate a number of statistically significant relationships suggesting that there is indeed a hierarchical pattern to tool adoption. In addition, the results suggest a relationship between the number of online tools present and population. It is inconclusive whether there is a relationship between the number of tools used and whether a municipality is reviewing an Official Plan. This research project concludes by outlining a number of opportunities for further research into egovernance tool use and development.


With the continuous development of enterprise informationization,the traditional internal controlling system is facing a serious challenge.The paper analyzes the effects of informationization on the internal controlling system of modern enterprises,and puts forward some strategies and countermeasures to solve these problems in the internal auditing way.


Objectives: The aim of this Health Promoting Sport Club (HPSC) study was to compare physical activity (PA), sleep time and screen time (ST) between sports club participants (n = 1200) and non-participants (n = 913). Design: A cross-sectional survey design was employed to assess PA, sleep and ST of adolescents. Methods: Information on these was collected from 14 to 16 year old adolescents (1200 sport club participants and 913 non-participants) through a standardized questionnaire. Results: Boys were more physically active than girls and met the PA guidelines more often than girls (p p p p p < 0.001). Conclusions: Youth participating in organized sports met the recommendations for PA, ST and sleep more often than non- participants, supporting sports clubs' contribution to health promotion. At the same time, only minor portion of sporting youth met the recommendations, therefore more attention should be focused on sport club participants' PA, sleep and ST especially in coaching.


The recession that began in January 2008 was the deepest business downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This recession has been referred to as The Great Recession due to its severity and the length of its duration. As the U.S. economy has experienced a shift in its industrial structure toward an ever-larger service sector, there is a literature that argues that economic fluctuations should be less than was the case in a goods-production dominated economy, as it is presumed that the demand for services is less cyclical than the demand for goods. The Great Recession challenges this presumption. This article reports on the unemployment experience of states through the Great Recession with regard to their industrial structure, finding that there is a correlation between industrial structure and unemployment trends.


A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the estimation of finasteride in tablet formulations. The method is based on the reaction of the drug with 0.2 % w/v 3-methyl-2- benzthiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) reagent in presence of 7% w/v ferric chloride solution to yield a green colour, which has the characteristic light absorption in the visible region with an absorption maxima at 446 nm. The chromogen formed is stable for 45 min. Beer's law is obeyed In the concentration range of 2 to 10 µg/ml. The reproducibility of the method is 98.8%. The proposed method is precise, accurate and reproducible and is extended to the analysis of finasteride in the tablet formulations.


Model-based testing (MBT) is using a model of expected behavior of the system to automatically generate a set of tests. It aims at reducing the testing cost when compared to the traditional testing techniques. This work focuses on testing a real-world software system using the selected MBT tool OSMO. The tested system is responsible for compiling business rules and it is one of the main components of the Drools platform, developed by Red Hat. The work describes the introduction of MBT considering the good reception from the community of developers, then the creation of compiler input models and evaluation of the newly created test suite. The usage of the MBT resulted in detection of five reported and three potential issues in the tested code. Using the Drools compiler example, the work summarizes the main strengths and also weaknesses of practical use of MBT techniques. Klíčová slova testování založené na modelu, MBT, Drools, Expert, OSMO


Distance learning activities are considered less effective due to the limited ability to manage and utilize existing technology. Learning tends to use Power Point Slides which makes it difficult for students to understand the material of tangible fixed assets so that learning media for tangible fixed assets is needed that is effective and easy to understand. This study aims to produce a tangible fixed asset learning website and determine the feasibility of a tangible fixed asset material learning website and determine student responses to a tangible fixed asset material learning website. The test subjects were students of Accounting Education 2018 State University of Surabaya. The development model in this research is 4D (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). Data collection techniques are using assessment questionnaires and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis technique. The results of the research are in the form of a learning website with a development model carried out to the Development stage. The feasibility of the material learning website for fixed assets in the form of material aspects is in the very feasible category, the media aspect is in the very feasible category and the results of the student response questionnaire are in the very good category. So it can be concluded that the tangible fixed asset learning website is very suitable for use in secondary financial accounting learning 1.


Many elderly persons suffer from numerous types of psychosomatic problems ranging from health, psychological, social, depression, loneliness to economic problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of depression as expressed by the elderly in Ibadan metropolis. Systematic sampling procedure was employed to select 265 elderly persons who are retired to participate in the study. Relevant data were collected using a questionnaire titled "Adapted Version of Evans Liverpool Depression Rating Scale" (AVELDRS). The t-test and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics were used to test the five null hypotheses generated. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the symptoms of depression expressed by elderly persons on the basis of religious affiliation. The study further indicated that there were significant differences among the respondents in the symptoms of depression expressed based on sex, age, marital status and state of health. Based on these findings, it was recommended that counselors and relations of the elderly persons should provide the psychological nourishment such as food, clothing and shelter they need. A model of comprehensive counseling programme should be developed for the elderly persons to live a
fulfilled life. Keywords : Depression, symptoms, elderly persons, Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling Vol. 13 (1) 2008: pp. 129-142


The invention flight time difference on mass spectrometry; relates to a diagnostic method, the disease index in the screen, the method of disease using (TOF-SIMS Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), and disease indicators, in particular, the time of flight based on the difference between mass spectrometry relates to the diagnosis, and how a screen for colorectal cancer indicators and indicators of colorectal cancer. Specifically it provides a method for the diagnosis of disease by the pattern of the Secondary Ion Mass (m / z) pikdeul (peaks) of the biological sample determined by the flight time using the difference on mass spectrometry as an index, determining whether retention disease how to screen for disease index serving as a reference and which provides a surface consisting of a specific secondary ion mass pikdeul. Disease diagnosis, the time of flight mass spectrometry difference on screen, indicators, colon cancer, fecal


Based on the internal demand for rural finance,and combining with the function of agriculture-related financial institutions under the background of the urban-rural planning,the opportunity and challenge faced by rural finance were analyzed,thereby,to optimize its organization system on the basis of its established framework in order to strengthen the adaptability of rural financial institutions to the farmers' demand.


Abstract Sustainability of our use of the environment, including sustainability of both the resource base and the economic system, has been of increasing interest in rural land use analysis. The U.S. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is part of a series of land and soil conservation measures dating back to the Dust Bowl era of the 1930's that have significant implications for preserving quality grassland resources. In order to assess the natural resource capability of CRP lands and make appropriate long term recommendations relative to rural land use management, this study incorporated remote sensing and GIS approaches to evaluate interrelationships among spatially co‐varying physical resource variables. Results indicate an inverse relationship between CRP lands and aquifer thickness, and a direct relationship between soil quality and physiography with CRP lands. In addition, findings support the use of CRP lands for grasslands in southwest Kansas as more conducive to longer term regional sustainability.


We have used probe‐based molecular dynamics (pMD) simulations to search for interaction hotspots on the surface of the therapeutically highly relevant oncogenic K‐Ras G12D. Combining the probe‐based query with an ensemble‐based pocket identification scheme and an analysis of existing Ras‐ligand complexes, we show that (i) pMD is a robust and cost‐effective strategy for binding site identification, (ii) all four of the previously reported ligand binding sites are suitable for structure‐based ligand design, and (iii) in some cases probe binding and expanded sampling of configurational space enable pocket expansion and increase the likelihood of site identification. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of hotspots in nonpocket‐like regions with known protein‐ and membrane‐interacting interfaces, we propose that pMD has the potential to predict surface patches responsible for protein‐biomolecule interactions. These observations have important implications for future drug design efforts and will facilitate the search for potential interfaces responsible for the proposed transient oligomerization or interaction of Ras with other biomolecules in the cellular milieu. Proteins 2015; 83:898–909. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


With the rapid growth of processor and network transfer speeds,I/O has become a bottleneck limiting computer system's performance,while parallel I/O provides an effective way to solve this problem.In realizing parallel I/O,I/O scheduling policy plays a very important role in system's high performance.By analyzing existing I/O scheduling algorithms on cluster computing system,a new strategy named the dynamic I/O scheduling algorithm of autonomic assistance is put forward,aiming at scheduler bottleneck.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of proposed policy.


János Szebeni, MD, PhD, DSc,a,b,c and Raj Bawa, MS, PhDd,e,f aNanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary bDepartment of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary cSeroScience Ltd., Budapest, Hungary dPatent Law Department, Bawa Biotech LLC, Ashburn, Virginia, USA eDepartment of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA fThe Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA


In the present study, the turbulent flow fields around a circular cylinder at Re=3.6ⅹ10 6 were investigated based on an unstructured mesh technique, and the comparisons between URANS(S-A, SST) and hybrid RANS/LES(DES, SAS) methods for the simulation of high Reynolds number flow have been conducted. For this purpose, unsteady characteristics of vortex shedding and time-averaged quantities were compared. A quasi-steady solutionadaptive mesh refinement was also made for the URANS and hybrid RANS/LES approaches. The results showed that the simple changes in the turbulent length scale or source term of turbulent models made the flow fields less dissipative and more realistic in hybrid RANS/LES methods than the URANS approaches.


According to the New Code of Civil Procedure, the first appeal represents the general common procedure for attacking a first instance judgment. The second appeal represent an extraordinary procedure for attacking a first appeal judgment but also, in some particular cases a first instance judgment. Considering the fact that according to the New Code of Civil Procedure the first appeal is an appeal on points of fact and law and the second appeal represents in all the cases an appeal on points of law only the present study represents an exhaustive enumeration of all the judgments that can be attacked by a first appeal, more precisely by an appeal on points of facts and law. Identifying these judgments represents the opportunity for an exhaustive enumeration of the first instance judgments that can be attacked only by a second appeal, meaning an appeal on points of law only. This last category is at the present only exemplified by the literature, but needs to be exhaustively revealed considering that in these cases the procedure before the first instance represents the unique opportunity to invoke at the same time factual and legal arguments. More precisely in this study the object of the first appealed, meaning the judgments that can be attacked by an appeal on points of fact and law, will be revealed considering the judgments that can be attacked by this procedure according to the New Code of Civil Procedure, the administrative rulings that can be attacked by a first appeal according to the special statutes, the judgments that cannot be attacked by a first appeal according to the New Code of Civil Procedure, the judgments that cannot be attacked by a first appeal according to the special statutes


There is considerable interest in the development of ultra-miniature and low-power sensor microsystems for use in applications such as medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and other industrial applications. Such ultra-miniature sensor microsystems must contain a large diversity of complex electronics, including sensor interfaces, signal conditioning, a microprocessor core, digital signal processing, and wireless transmission technology. In this paper, we will describe the first steps towards the development of a System on Chip for such a sensor microsystem and the methodology employed to build such a microsystems.


The paper analyzes the wavelet resolving principle and image encoding technique and puts forward the adoption of Huffman-encoding on low-frequency of wavelet transformation. To ensure image compressing ratio, in the part of high-frequency encoding is quantized through the improvement of EZW encoding, and the threshold value is compared by the image block. Accordingly, the compressing efficiency is improved on condition that the signal-noise ratio is largely stable.


In this study, we report a facile method for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer based graphene for the electrochemical detection of thiamethoxam residue. We choose p-vinylbenzoic acid as a functional monomer; it can be used to add recognition units and alkenyl units onto the surface of graphene via π–π interactions in just one step, effectively simplifying the reaction process. And an ultra-thin imprinting film (2 nm) is formed by reducing the addition step involving the alkenyl modifier. Due to the irreversible electrochemical reduction characteristics of thiamethoxam, the template can be removed easily using cyclic voltammetry scanning, without the need for organic solvents. The performance of the fabricated sensor was evaluated and the results indicated that the sensor exhibited excellent specific recognition abilities for thiamethoxam detection; the imprinting factor is 2.36. The peak current from thiamethoxam is linearly proportional to its concentration over the range from 0.5 to 20 μM, and the detection limit is 0.04 μM. The practical application of the sensor was also realized in the selective detection of thiamethoxam in real samples.


Evaluation of a block based restoration (BBR) method, developed for imaging of samples with variable refractive index, is investigated using a lung tissue phantom. The BBR method results in a 98% accuracy improvement over depth-variant restoration.


Omond, George W. Y. 1897. Fletcher of Saltoun. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier. Reuss, Richard. 1971. American Folklore and LeftWing Politics. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University. Seeger, Charles, and Carl Sands. 1935. Songs by Avvilles Mark Step Ahead in Workers' Music. Daily Worker,January 15. Wang, Betty. 1965. Folksongs as Regulators of Politics. In The Study of Folklore, ed. Alan Dundes, pp. 308-313. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.


Migration of electronic excitation energy is studied in two types of one‐dimensional random lattices, one whose chains consist of identically oriented but randomly spaced molecules, and one with equally spaced but randomly oriented molecules. Results of computer calculations show that the loss of periodicity suppresses migration of excitation and that the velocity of migration is not constant but a decreasing function of time.


From the perspective of the risks in contemporary society,the paper first probes into the existing form and disadvantages of risk culture and then studies the contemporary cultural risks in China in order to establish early warning mechanisms to effectively prevent and resolve various risks,better serving harmonious society construction.


This article compares two biblical accounts: the description of the construction of the Tabernacle (Ex. 25–40), and its connection to the myth of Eve's creation (Gen. 2). I aim to reveal the literary and symbolic links between "feminine" attributes in these two formative accounts, from their development in biblical literature to their appearances in rabbinic midrash and medieval Kabbalah. My reading seeks to combine gender, myth, and literary study, to explore how erotic images of the sacred were developed and proliferated over generations.


ABSTRACT: The nesting biology of Tachysphex puncticeps Cameron is described for the first time. The female observed dug its nest in a groove of a house wall. The excavated nest consisted of three nearly elliptical cells, each provisioned with 8–9 acridid grasshopper nymphs placed head inward and venter up. The wasp egg was laid on the largest grasshopper which appeared to be placed in the middle of the cell. The nest entrance was left open during the provisioning period. The wasp brought prey in flight and directly entered the nest without releasing its grip on the prey. The wasp egg, curved, yellowish, 2.1 mm long and 0.4 mm wide, was attached rather firmly between the fore coxae of the prey just near the base of the left coxa, extending across the sternum and protruding between the foreand mid-femora on the left side and it hatched about one day after being laid. It took the immature larva 3–4 days to consume all the provision. The mature larva stage lasted about one day; the prepupa stage lasted 3 days; the period between pupation and emergence of the adult wasp was 13 to 14 days under laboratory conditions with the temperature about 28°C and the humidity around 80%. The total development time of T. puncticeps was 22 days for the male.


Observations on clumps of Phascum cuspidatum during the summer and autumn indicated that this species is at least a short-lived perennial, as young shoots develop from old, brown shoots persisting from the previous winter. No young shoots arising by vegetative propagation were recorded in Pottia truncata. Rhizoid tubers were observed in this species, but only in one of the many clumps examined. Spores of both species germinated freely in culture, but when spores were planted in the field young gametophytes developed inconsistently in P. truncata and never in P. cuspidatum. An investigation of spore deposition around an isolated clump of P. truncata suggested that 67% of the spores released were deposited within the clump, and 70% within 2m. Electrophoretic studies indicated limited genetic variation within two populations of each species, with no genotypes in common between the populations. No genetic variation was recorded between gametophytes within individual clumps of either species, nor between sporophytes and their maternal gametophytes, suggesting a high incidence of inbreeding in these monoecious mosses. (author abst.)


In this study, combustion experiments of green algae granulations (Enteromorpha clathrata) (EN) were carried out in a bench-scale fluidized bed. The particle diameter was kept constant during the combustion process and combustion model was described as a shrinking core model. Model was divided into water ball, volatile-matter ball, and carbon ball. Ash ball radius was assumed to be the same during the combustion and carbon ball was burned layer by layer. Simulation of single-particle combustion process consists of process of water evaporation, release of volatile matters and combustion, and the process of char combustion. Finally, a mathematical model was established for the combustion of EN single particle in the fluidized bed, validated by the experiment data. The model can be applied for the design of the combustion devices for the combustion of seaweed particles with high content of ash.


Although Greek children's early start with foreign languages is considered an advantage, this seems to be lost in their transition to secondary school. Learners in their first year of secondary education are usually required to repeat work covered in previous years and as a result, they often lose interest in English classes within the state school. This paper aims: (a) to explore the problems related to the lack of continuity in foreign language education between the primary and secondary sector, and (b) to suggest a scheme of teaching and learning which will take into consideration the idiosyncrasies of the Greek educational context.


In order to overcome the problems including high cost and drift,caused by the multi-stage amplifiers constructed in the front-end of the Analogy-to-Digital(A/D) in the traditional high precision A/D test circuit,a high-precision testing instrument used 24-bit analog-to-digital converter,a low-noise programmable gain amplifier(PGA),ADS1232 and many anti-interaction techniques of Microchip Controller Unit(MCU) were designed.It simplified both in hardware and software,and it could give reliable and high-precision measurement results.Also,it provided complete front-end for bridge sensor applications.All practical results show this system performance well and stably.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed discussion of the SEC's recent amendments to Rule 2a‐7 and other rules under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that affect money market funds, as approved by the Commission on January 27, 2010.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the principal changes to the 1940 Act's money market fund rules; discusses the new obligations the Amendments impose on money market fund boards of directors as well as the new policies the Amendments require funds to adopt; reviews the various compliance dates for the Amendments.Findings – The Amendments reflect three categories of changes to the rules governing money market funds: changes to Rule 2a‐7's risk limiting conditions governing a fund portfolio's maturity, credit quality, diversification and liquidity; changes relating to operational aspects of money market funds; and new disclosure requirements.Originality/value – The paper provides practical guidance by an experienced securities lawyer.


Vehicle detection is the foremost step in monitoring the speeding vehicles in a highway. The video sequences captured by a stationary camera show us that there's a need for a vehicle detection algorithm which handles sudden illumination change and also the scenarios where the foreground merges into the background. This paper provides us a survey of various background subtraction techniques that are used for detecting the vehicles efficiently.


Tomographic-geodynamic model comparisons are a key component in studies of the present-day state and evolution of Earth's mantle. To account for the limited seismic resolution, 'tomographic filtering' of the geodynamically predicted mantle structures is a standard processing step in this context. The filtered model provides valuable information on how heterogeneities are smeared and modified in amplitude given the available seismic data and underlying inversion strategy. An important aspect that has so far not been taken into account are the effects of data uncertainties. We present a new method for 'tomographic filtering' in which it is possible to include the effects of random and systematic errors in the seismic measurements and to analyse the associated uncertainties in the tomographic model space. The 'imaged' model is constructed by computing the generalized-inverse projection (GIP) of synthetic data calculated in an earth model of choice. An advantage of this approach is that a reparametrization onto the tomographic grid can be avoided, depending on how the synthetic data are calculated. To demonstrate the viability of the method, we compute traveltimes in an existing mantle circulation model (MCM), add specific realizations of random seismic 'noise' to the synthetic data and apply the generalized inverse operator of a recent Backus–Gilbert-type global S-wave tomography. GIP models based on different noise realizations show a significant variability of the shape and amplitude of seismic anomalies. This highlights the importance of interpreting tomographic images in a prudent and cautious manner. Systematic errors, such as event mislocation or imperfect crustal corrections, can be investigated by introducing an additional term to the noise component so that the resulting noise distributions are biased. In contrast to Gaussian zero-mean noise, this leads to a bias in model space; that is, the mean of all GIP realizations also is non-zero. Knowledge of the statistical properties of model uncertainties together with tomographic resolution is crucial for obtaining meaningful estimates of Earth's present-day thermodynamic state. A practicable treatment of error propagation and uncertainty quantification will therefore be increasingly important, especially in view of geodynamic inversions that aim at 'retrodicting' past mantle evolution based on tomographic images.


VOLUME 53, NO. 7, 2001 From the Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Tochigi, Japan. Reprint requests: Kiichi Tamada, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 0016-5107/2001/$35.00 + 0 37/54/113387 doi:10.1067/mge.2001.113387 A new method for deep cannulation of the bile duct by straightening the pancreatic duct


We study a new source of bias in online review platforms that originates from the popularity difference between the traveling reviewer's hometown and destination.


Problem statement: Sports and movement activities play an important ro le in the harmonious development of children; Special attention should b e paid to the factors influencing their involvement in sportive activities. The aim of this study was rela ted to identifying possible psychosocial correlates of the need for physical education and sports in Romanian society and increasing awareness on the importance of sports in everyday life. Approach: 1100 high school students from the North-Eastern p art of Romania answered a series of questionnaires that measured l evel of sports and movement appreciation, passion f or sport, leisure and systematic sport practices, atti tude towards bullying, instrumental and final value s and, several socio-demographic variables: gender, parent s' level of education, type of high school attended and bullying. Results: The data showed that sport is more associated to b oys, to students with low socioeconomic status and, to students attending cen trally-located high schools; students who are passionate about sports manifest a negative attitud e towards bullying. Conclusion: The results emphasized the need to reconsider Romanian academic curricula in order to stimulate competition activities in schools and to increase the number of sportive clubs and associations.


Answers and discussions on the subject of skill gaps have established that young Higher Education Institutions (HEI) graduates display high rates of job-hopping and strong resistance to signing long-term contracts with companies. These graduates are part of a generation with increasing access to online and/or freelance work, as well as working simultaneously for several companies. However, local companies, particularly in the North region of Portugal, are still strongly dependent on people able to make a long-term commitment due to the nature of their operations. This text seeks to shed light on the implications of this mismatch between an increasingly mobile, nomadic labour force and long-term recruitment needs among companies. This working in progress shall analyse data obtained through interviews held with 20 employers in the Northern region of Portugal, shedding light on this disparity as both a great source of instability and of new opportunities for local entrepreneurs to develop innovative firms able to respond to HEI graduate profiles.


In a climate-change context, the advancement of phenological stages may endanger viticultural areas in the event of a late frost. This study evaluated the potential of satellite-based remote sensing to assess the damage and the recovery time after a late frost event in 2017 in northern Italian vineyards. Several vegetation indices (VIs) normalized on a two-year dataset (2018–2019) were compared over a frost-affected area (F) and a control area (NF) using unpaired two-sample t-test. Furthermore, the must quality data (total acidity, sugar content and pH) of F and NF were analyzed. The VIs most sensitive in the detection of frost damage were Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (CARI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Modified Triangular Vegetation Index 1 (MTVI1) (−5.26%, −16.59%, and −5.77% compared to NF, respectively). The spectral bands Near-Infrared (NIR) and Red Edge 7 were able to identify the frost damage (−16.55 and −16.67% compared to NF, respectively). Moreover, CARI, EVI, MTVI1, NIR, Red Edge 7, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Modified Simple Ratio (MSR) provided precise information on the full recovery time (+17.7%, +22.42%, +29.67%, +5.89%, +5.91%, +16.48%, and +8.73% compared to NF, respectively) approximately 40 days after the frost event. The must analysis showed that total acidity was higher (+5.98%), and pH was lower (−2.47%) in F compared to NF. These results suggest that medium-resolution multispectral data from Sentinel-2 constellation may represent a cost-effective tool for frost damage assessment and recovery management.


The Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale in the clustering of galaxies is a powerful standard ruler to measure cosmological distances and determine the geometry of the Universe. Past surveys have detected the BAO feature in the clustering of different galaxy samples, most of them composed of redder, quiescent galaxies and bluer, star-forming ones out to redshift $z\sim1$. Besides these targets, new upcoming surveys will observe high-redshift galaxies with bright nebular emission lines out to $z\sim2$, quasars and Lyman-$\alpha$ quasars at $z\gt 2$. All these different galaxy targets will be used as multi-tracers of the same underlying dark matter field. By combining them over wide cosmological volumes, we will be able to beat cosmic variance and measure the growth of structure with unprecedented accuracy. In this work, we measure the BAO scale in the two-point auto- and cross-correlation functions of three independent populations of multi-tracers extracted from the SDSS DR7 Main galaxy sample at redshift $0.02\lt z\lt 0.22$. Combining their covariances, we find accurate constraints on the shift parameter $\alpha=1.00\pm 0.04$ and $D_{\rm{V}}(z=0.1)/r_{\rm{s}}=2.92\pm0.12$.


Based on the anglysis about the nwe idea and problems exists in the trouning of the middle-long-distance by mears of literatere and statisties, the author thinks that the traditional sports training concept meets challenge. The paper also probs into the methods and modern scientifil training theory of the middle-long-distance, and put forward the authors point of vies: the section concern should pay great attention to the importance of race training and keeping on through out the whole process of the training.


The article addressed the issue of oral communicative competence for the teaching and learning of foreign languages in the third year students of the specialty of Commerce: To do this, we conducted a thorough analysis of the various sources dealt with in this topic also took into account the experience acquired. Interviewing was used as an empirical method. In order to show this ability didactically specializing in English at the Polytechnic Centre, the authors offered a number of theoretical information about the learning of oral communication, and analyzed the various approaches and emphasized the importance of ownership and development of oral communication skills for successful interaction process in different contexts. As a way to carry out the process in a fun and motivating way, language games were used.


he duty of care is the analytical starting point for all ast-paced growth in the technology sector has led to T negligence claims. In the much-revered4 case of F regular discussion of whether and to what extent the Donoghue v. Stevenson,5 Lord Atkin laid out the ''neighlaw is able to ''keep up with'' technology. In particular, bour principle'' that, in effect, created the modern law of the common law, with its tradition of conservatism and negligence: incremental change, is confronted with developments that do not lend themselves readily to the application of You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions precedent and analogy. One need only survey the debate which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law is my neighbour? The raging in the U.S. regarding the applicability of commonanswer seems to be — persons who are so closely and law doctrines of trespass1 to the Internet to wonder if the directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have law as it currently exists provides the tools needed to them in contemplation as being so affected when I am deal with tech issues in a manner that is fair, just, and directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called consistent with both larger legal norms and society's in question. 6 technological needs. Lord Atkin's famous dictum, while revolutionary in Clearly, a larger conversation is taking place scope, actually built on various prototypical forms of the regarding the law's ability to regulate and control technegligence action that had developed. It was already setnological activities, what form that control should take, tled law that a duty of care was owed as between doctors and even whether it is appropriate at all. 2 The goal of and patients, or lawyers and clients, for example. 7 Donothis article is to contribute to the Canadian end of this ghue, however, ''established the proposition that the conversation, albeit in a modest way, by inquiring into duty of care owed in negligence actions is not confined the continued viability of negligence law in this setting to a closed list of specific relationships, but is based upon (i.e., whether the common law of negligence as it curan open-ended and general concept of a relationship of rently exists has sufficient capacity to handle ''tech proximity which is capable of extension to new situatorts''). The focal point of this comment will be the tions''. 8 Negligence, then, was universally adaptable, recent judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada in always potentially available — a tort for all seasons. Cooper v. Hobart, 3 which appears to have made some significant changes to the elements of ''duty of care'', the I do not propose to discuss fully the development of foundational negligence concept. The Court framed its the duty of care within Canadian law, and refer the decision as refining duty of care analysis in order to reader to the leading authorities in that regard. 9 Howproperly deal with ''novel claims'' (i.e., those for which ever, a short review of the major touchstones is necessary there is not an established or analogous duty of care in to provide background for the thoughts that follow. Lord the existing case law). Given that the growth of elecAtkin's ''neighbour principle '' was developed and tronic commerce and Internet usage continues to spawn expanded by the House of Lords in a series of cases10 ''novel'' legal issues, Cooper is an appropriate starting that culminated in the 1978 judgment of Lord Wilberpoint for a discussion of whether the law, as it stands, force in Anns v. Merton London Borough Council. In provides courts with the tools to determine when and that case, His Lordship set out a two-stage test for deterwhere new duties of care should arise. mining duty of care:


The privacy rights of collateral family members constitute one of the most complex ethical issues in the field of family therapy. The author opens with four case studies which illustrate some of the dilemmas. The opening section reviews the APA Ethics Code on this topic, followed by an in depth analysis of confidentiality issues in marital therapy and the special ethical dilemmas of high conflict, child custody cases. The author reviews the scant case law on this topic and closes with a set of best practices guidelines for the clinician.


An infant with probable congenital rubella infection developed altered blood group expression. This was noted at 4 months of age. The child's blood was typed on seven separate occasions during the first 8 weeks of life as type A, but on repeat testing, her cells failed to agglutinate with anti‐A and anti‐A,B typing serum. The A antigen was present, however, because an eluate made after incubating her red cells with anti‐A contained anti‐A, and A antigen was demonstrated on buccal mucosa cells. Altered expression of blood group A (loss of agglutinability) has occurred previously only in association with hematologic malignancy.


We are living in a complex, changing world, and within health care, primary care is undergoing perhaps the greatest degree of change. Not so long ago,primary care was largely defined by the services provided by general medical practitioners, who werebroadly trained to provide a wide range of services.The primary focus was on the care of individual patients, who would access the healthcare system via an initial consultation and have most of their problems sorted out individually.


Lung nodule detection and segmentation plays an important role in early cancer diagnosis. It is a challenging task owing to the shape and intensity variations of a lung nodule. This paper reports an efficient nodule detection framework in High- Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) images. Here, an automated computer-aided lung nodule detection scheme is proposed, combining the concept of superpixel generation and density-based region segmentation algorithm, Superpixel Density-Based Region segmentation (SPDBR). A set of morphological features are extracted from each of the extracted nodule regions. The nodule candidate regions have been classified into the nodule and non-nodule decision using a nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) classifier with an average detection accuracy of 84.75% with 82.86% sensitivity and 86.62% specificity.


In order to calculate airflow around a nuclear site, a new weighted interpolation method for sparse wind data at various terrain heights is developed. This method employs weighting functions for vertical distance and the topographic barrier between the station and a grid point, in addition to a weighting function for horizontal distance which is employed in usual methods. The new weighting functions are developed from the analysis of field measurements taken in complex terrain. This method can represent the wind-fields from the bottom to the upper boundary better than usual methods which use only the horizontal weighting factor, even when the upper wind data are not available.


[1] This article investigates the combined electron heating and streaming effects of low-frequency parallel electric fields on the incoherent scatter measurements of the high-latitude E region. The electric fields distort the electron distribution function, inducing changes on the amplitude and frequency of the ion-acoustic line in the measured incoherent scatter spectrum. If one assumes Maxwellian electrons, the measurements of electron and ion temperatures and electron density are subject to significant percentage errors during geomagnetically active conditions.


Turn that frown upside down and to the left: Memory for faces is affected by their gravitational orientation Nicolas Davidenko Stanford University Stephen Flusberg Stanford University Abstract: Recent research suggests the way our body is situated influences how we perceive our environment (Lopez et al., 2009), but it remains unclear whether our body's position influences how we process faces when retinal cues are kept constant (Troje, 2003; Lobmaier & Mast, 2007). In this study, participants completed an old/new face memory task in three different body positions (sitting upright, lying right, and lying left) and four different image orientations (upright, inverted, 90 degrees clockwise, and 90 degrees counterclockwise), allowing us to isolate the effects of retinal versus gravitational face orientation on recognition memory. We found a main effect of retinal face orientation, with higher d' to faces oriented upright versus inverted with respect to participants' retinas. Keeping retinal orientation constant, we also found an effect of gravitational orientation, with higher d' to faces orientated upright with respect to gravity, indicating a role of gravitational orientation in face processing.


50) This research will observe the effects of the copy-cover-compare (CCC) intervention on students' spelling accuracy as it is implemented in an elementary classroom setting. The study focuses on the students working below grade level and failing their weekly spelling assessments.


A novel compact eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) resonator is proposed. The dominant resonant mode of the proposed resonator is TE101 mode. Compared with the conventional SIW resonator, the size reduction of the resonator is up to more than 87.5%. By using source-load Cross coupling and magnetic coupling, a new filter with two EMSIW cavities is designed, which has four transmission zeros in the out-band. The measured results show good performance and agree well with the simulated results.


ABSTRACT This paper teases out the meeting points between macro and micro language planning in Wales, and how these influence community language use in real terms. The paper draws upon data gathered from an evaluation of the Welsh Government's strategy towards the maintenance and promotion of the Welsh language on a community level in Wales. Conducting this research provides an insight into how the community acts as a language planning crossroads where a plethora of factors contributes to language use within this sphere. Key findings report that many opportunities exist to use the Welsh language at macro and micro language planning levels within the communities, including opportunities provided via Welsh Government programmes. However, gaps in community provision exist and linguistic community interaction often occurred within daily, micro activities such as shopping and accessing services rather than within formally organised community activities at a macro level. Furthermore, evidence of existing complex language attitudes, ideologies and norms play a part in the daily negotiation and re-negotiation of language use on a micro level within these communities. This paper will argue that the WG participate in micro language planning in Wales by supplementing local activities via local actors within the communities studied.


An electronically controlled power steering apparatus, the adduced a setpoint support proportion setting means, for setting a setpoint support portion of a vehicle so that the steering support portion of the vehicle is equal to the setpoint support portion which is set by the setpoint support portion setting means, has the improvement: a steering state detecting means for detecting a steering angle (ha) and a steering angular velocity (ha); a fatigue determination value calculation means for calculating a determination value of the degree of fatigue, a numerical value representing the fatigue of a handlebar of the vehicle, according to a variety of Throw (DC history of the steering angular velocity (ha)) (the steering angular velocity (ha) as a function of the steering angle ha ), for a number (n) of times of steering detected by the steering state detecting means; and a lateral acceleration detecting means for detecting a lateral acceleration acting on the vehicle; wherein the setpoint support proportion setting means so sets the setpoint support proportion that the steering support portion is increased as the determination value of the degree of fatigue increases, and the steering support portion is reduced when the lateral acceleration increases.


As a coordination tool, workflow with a large number of interdependent tasks has increasingly become a new paradigm for orchestrating computationally intensive tasks in large-scale and complex Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Serverless computing has also recently been applied to real-world problems at the network edge as well, primarily aimed at event based IoT applications. However, the existing workflow scheduling algorithm based on the virtual machine resource model is inefficient in ensuring the QoS (Quality of Service) of users on the serverless platform. In this paper, we design an elastic workflow scheduling framework in edge clouds called EWSF based on the serverless architecture. In addition, we propose a serverless-oriented deadline-aware workflow scheduling algorithm called SoDa. Furthermore, we implemented the EWSF prototype based on Knative and Kubernetes and integrated SoDa as the scheduling engine. The performance of SoDa has been verified on the experimental platform in comparison with six counterparts. The experiment results show that SoDa adapts to various scheduling environments and achieves better performance in terms of overall makespan and execution success rate. In the case of tight cluster resources, SoDa improves the overall makespan and success rate by 10.4% and 55%, respectively, compared with the second-best algorithm.


Data processing (i.e. phase identification) using the instantaneous phase φ′(t) defined by the Hilbert transform is discussed to confirm the detecting phase of the space charge observed by the pulsed electroacoustic method under the periodic wave Va(t). The discrete voltage Va(i) of the periodic wave at the detecting phase φ(i) is used for phase identification, and φ(i) is equally distributed to obtain Np divisions for the phase within one period. The accuracy of the discrete instantaneous phase φ′(i) is significantly determined by the number of samples N for the discrete voltage Va(i). The instantaneous phase is consistent with the real phase of pure sine and cosine waves, and this phase linearly varies with time. However, the instantaneous phase non-linearly varies with time under the periodic stress of arbitrary waveforms. This limitation can be resolved using the base wave component, i.e. sine or cosine wave of Va(t), which is acquired by the Fourier transform. Finally, the space charge behaviour in low-density polyethylene under square and sine waves with offset is detected to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.


The need for urban regeneration does not come only by structural requirements, but also by socio- cultural needs. What we are going to propose is the urban regeneration as a way to perceive, in a different way, the surrounding spaces allowing users to receive and provide a wide range of information on the urban environment. Each space of a city has a variety of intrinsic meanings provided by human groups interacting with each other everyday. The purpose is collecting the hidden information thanks to citizens' contribution. The objective is the involvement of citizens as "builders of sense" through a playful attitude as "builders of virtual cities", and using game based on motivation as impetus for the regeneration. Urban regeneration is innovative thanks to a new participatory and cooperative methodology based on the perception of every citizen, and on the collection of players' experiences.


Government role has changed corresponding with New Public Management movement from the late 1970s to the early 1980s.Central government transformed into enterpriser,local government transformed into politician.Civilian training must be transformed corresponding with transformation of these roles.Capability diathesis must be emphasized for senior-civilian of the central government,and political diathesis must be emphasized for that of the local government.


In early study of manufacturing, warranty studies were mainly carried out by researchers in the legal profession and, thus, such articles appeared only in the law journals. Subsequently, warranty studies attracted researchers from such field as economics, accounting, management, marketing engineering, operations research and statistics. There are two types of warranty namely one-dimensional warranty, which is based on product usage or product age, and two-dimensional warranty which considers both product age and usage. This paper is mainly concerned about two-dimensional warranty. We applied neuro-fuzzy system approach of AI to optimize warranty cost and period. In this paper, neuro-fuzzy framework apply in warranty cost modelling is proposed.


In this work, we illustrate the use of eigenfunction method (EFM) in quantum mechanics by taking a specific example namely the splitting of energy levels under perturbation. Initially, the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian is taken to be [Formula: see text] which under the action of a perturbing potential changes to a lower symmetry namely [Formula: see text]. We have constructed an irreducible basis using the EFM for both the symmetries and show the simplifications that ensure the calculation of the expectation value of the perturbing Hamiltonian.


The nutrients content and particle matter composition of artificial biological soil crusts were studied in Kubuqi desert.The results showed that artificial biological soil crusts had nutrients content accumulation phenomenon.Compared with the fixed sand soil,available nitrogen content in artificial biological soil crusts was increased by 5.5%,total nitrogen content was increased by 70.0%,available phosphate content was increased by 59.4%,total phosphate content was increased by 53.96%,organic matter content was increased by 48.9%,respectively.But nutrients content(available phosphate) in artificial biological soil crusts was lower than natural biological crusts,and particle matter composition content in artificial biological soil crusts layer was the same as nature biological soil crusts,which showed that source of particle matter was same in artificial inoculating technology of biological soil crusts and natural formation biological soil crusts.


—The main objective of eRobotics is to cope with the complexity in the development and lifecycle of current robotic and mechatronic systems. A key technology for eRobotics applications are Virtual Testbeds, a more holistic approach to 3D simulation that considers the entire system under study within its opera- tional environment modeled in so-called Semantic World Models. Ideally, this complex data should be managed using database technology instead of flat file formats. However, existing related approaches fail to fulfill all the identified requirements. Thus, we present a new database synchronization concept whose basic idea is to use local in-memory simulation databases (SimDB) and synchronize them to a central, external database (ExtDB). In this paper, two new realizations of this concept are presented using two different choices for ExtDB: The first is based on an object-relational mapping approach, the second uses the graph database Neo4j. Both approaches are described in detail, evaluated, and finally compared to each other. In conclusion, both approaches are very well-suited but the actual choice depends the concrete application scenario.


Microlearning has become a promising modern and effective approach to the education of various groups in recent years. In order to be able to further develop microlearning and consider student individualities it is necessary to map their passage through a course in detail. The article presents the conclusions of a research carried out at the Faculty of Education of the University of Ostrava. The aim of the research was to find out whether there are differences in approaches of studying a microlearning course. A microlearning course focused on teaching future teachers was created for the purposes of the research. The aim of the course was to present to students the possibilities of using digital technologies in the educational process. The research was conducted in the winter semester of the academic year 2021/2022. A total of 378 students participated in the study in the first phase (precourse survey) and subsequently 156 students in the second phase (analysis of course participants' behavior). Student activity was monitored during the study through learning analytics tools. Time of study, the number of realized events, the number of registrations, etc. were recorded for each student with these tools. The obtained data were analyzed using cluster analysis. Total of six different approaches that led to the successful completion of a microlearning course were described based on this analysis. The approaches can be used to describe a successful strategy to go through a microlearning course including the extreme ones. An interesting fact is that the choice of strategy is not influenced by the student's gender. The only parameter where significant differences were found was the number of days to finish the microlearning course. In addition, the article describes the behavior of students in the course, the types of learning materials, devices from which they logged in the course and list of the most used course components. This part of the data was recorded via heatmaps. A detailed description of students' study strategies within microlearning courses can improve the effectiveness of microlearning also in connection with the personalized passage and thus improve the quality and efficiency of the educational process of future teachers.


The paper analyses the technology development of treatment of wastewater containing fluorine, and discusses the treatment methods, treatment technics and treatment medicament all-around.


Mechanical drive train system is the major controlling part for wind power generation. It plays crucial role during rapid fluctuations in wind speed. This paper is based on designing modified drive train system for Type-III wind turbine system. In this paper a new design of mechanical drive train system implemented in wind power generation system. For time-to-time variation in wind speed the voltage sag and during over speed condition voltage swell problem can be solved by using this modified design. The pitch control, gear box and yaw of the wind turbine basically focused for modification. Mainly the gear box for the rotor causes sluggish motion of the rotor during low wind speed. This paper explained design of modified rotor control for the gear box in DFIG based (Type-III) wind turbine. Also, in this paper how the modified rotor system can be helpful for reactive power control highlighted with comparison with existing models. For designing MATLAB/Simulink platform is taken and validated using CFD Mechanical design analysis.


Objecktive To investigate the chemotherapeutic effect with high-dose leucovorin , 5-fluorouracil, diaminodichloride on the advanced and the first-treatment-failed esophageal carcinoma.Method Forty-two cases of advanced stage and the chemotherapy radiotherapy failed esophageal carcinoma were all treated with high-dose leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil plus diaminodichloride plan. Results In treatment group 42 cases,complete remission 6 cases ,part remission 24 cases ,the all effective rate was 71.4% .Conclusion 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin and diaminodichloride plan for advanced (including failure of the first -treatment) esophageal carcinoma is effective,and this regime is still effective for some patients with no response to 5-fluorouracil and diaminodichloride.Although the side-effect was also enhanced at the same time,the most of them were limited to Ⅰ-Ⅱgrade.


The stability of rhodamine WT dye was investigated in buffered and unbuffered NaCl solutions and in natural waters of varying salinity. Despite previous reports in the literature, no significant decay attributable to salinity effects was seen. The maximum decay observed was 5% after 327 hours.


Topic: Thermoelastic design, heat shield, reentry spacecraft) For future space transportation systems, the attention is addressed to completely reusable space- craft that would allow to reduce a mission cost increasing the operational e-ciency. One of the most efiective problems for the development of space transportation systems is thermal protection capa- bilitity of the vehicle from very severe aerodynamic heating during the atmospheric reentry. The extremely high temperatures (in atmospheric reentry of vehicles with velocities of 5-8 km/s, the tem- perature in the shock layer reaches as high as 10,000 20,000 K) and heat ∞ux transfer in the shock layer at the hypersonic vehicle remain one of the principal impediments to routine transatmosperic ∞ight. Currently, to protect the reentry vehicles various kinds of passive Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) are employed, e.g., heat-resistant tiles or ablative materials. Unfortunately, most of TPS after each transatmosperic ∞ight are damaged and thus need to be replaced or refurbished for the next ∞ight. It means that most of the present TPS are not suitable for a reusable space transportation system. Thus, the development of new thermal protection systems for reentry vehicles is one of the key technolgies for reusable space transportation system. One of the possible alternatives to typical TPS is a superconducting heat shield system utilizing electromagnetic forces to control the plasma ∞ow around the vehicle. During the reentry ∞ight the gas behind the strong shock wave is more or less ionized and has an electrical conductivity. Then, when a suitable magnetic fleld is applied to the conductive shock layer, the ∞ow behind the shock can be controlled using the Lorentz force. Ions interact with a magnetic fleld, and therefore if the descending orbiter presents a high enough magnetic fleld, the hot plasma can be de∞ected away from the surface of the vehicle. Setting up an electromagnetic shield, the high convective heating and the skin friction might be reduced. Several studies have showed that magnetic ∞ow control has an actual capability and may be a useful technology for heat transfer mitigation with following advantages: - weight reduction with respect to classic TPS


This article presents a six-session course the author developed as an integral part of a doctoral research to explore two small groups of teachers' initial understandings of democratic peacebuilding citizenship through eliciting their narratives of practice and their emerging
 understandings after voluntarily participating in this non-formal professional learning initiative. Another aim of the study was to explore how their involvement in the course facilitated their own professional learning. Teacher participants were from different private schools in two relatively
 contrasting contexts, one in the Greater Cairo Area in Egypt and one in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada. This course sets an exemplary participatory approach to inform future research in teacher professional learning for democratic peacebuilding citizenship education in post-conflict zones,
 societies transitioning out of violent conflict and relatively democratic societies.


The article deals with an approach to the logical modeling of management accounting information systems for operational insurance activities based on the integration of ontology-driven, automata and object-oriented approaches. High efficiency of these systems is achieved due to the use of native design patterns created on the basis of the technological ontology classes of insurance activities.


Abstract Organic material leached from the organic (O) horizon of soils is a major source of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a known precursor for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), formed during chlorination. In this study the concentration and composition of leachable O2 horizon DOC from 5 habitats within a United Kingdom upland reservoir catchment (beech, spruce, larch, and pine forests and blanket peat) were compared with an emphasis on potential treatment implications using XAD fractionation and THM formation potential (THMFP) tests. Statistically significant differences were found between habitats, with pine and larch leachates yielding particularly high DOC concentrations (mean 19.3 and 13.4 mg/L, respectively) and THMFP7d values (mean 1306 and 1527 μg/L, respectively). The interspecies variation observed suggests that the typical distinction made between deciduous and coniferous species in previous studies is overly simplistic. Interestingly, peat leachate exhibited a surprisingly low DOC concentration (mean 9.0 mg/L), suggesting that the high DOC flux associated with these habitats may be the result of other factors such as depth of organic matter and mineral content. Averaged across all habitats, mean standardized THMFP (STHMFP) was highest in the hydrophobic acid (HPOA) fraction, although substantial differences in the relative reactivities of fractions were found between habitats. Synergistic effects are also likely to complicate the relationship between fractional character and STHMFP.