Occurrence Total dissolved solids in water supplies originate from natural sources, sewage, urban and agricultural runoff and industrial wastewater. In Canada, salts used for road deicing can contribute significantly to the TDS loading of water supplies. Concentrations of TDS in water vary owing to different mineral solubilities in different geological regions. The concentration of TDS in water in contact with granite, siliceous sand, wellleached soil or other relatively insoluble materials is usually below 30 mg/L.(1) In areas of Precambrian rock, TDS concentrations in water are generally less than 65 mg/L.(2) Levels are higher in regions of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rock, ranging from 195 to 1100 mg/L(2) because of the presence of carbonates, chlorides, calcium, magnesium and sulphates.(1,3) Concentrations of TDS in some streams and small lakes in the arid western regions of Canada and the United States are often as high as 15 000 mg/L.(3,4) Concentrations of TDS, expressed as the sum of its constituents, were below 500 mg/L in 36 of 41 rivers monitored in Canada.(5) In a survey of the Great Lakes, TDS levels ranged from 61 to 227 mg/L.(6) The levels of TDS in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Superior increased between 1900 and 1970. A threefold increase in chlorides and a twofold increase in sulphates, sodium and potassium in Lakes Erie and Ontario(7) increased the TDS concentration in those lakes by 50 to 60 mg/L.(6,8–10) Concentrations of TDS in drinking water in Canada are generally below 500 mg/L but are considerably higher in some locations, particularly the arid western regions. Levels of TDS in Newfoundland and Labrador were below 500 mg/L in 96% of 103 communities sampled from 1969 to 1989 (range 10 to 2263 mg/L; average 146 mg/L).(11) In Quebec, samples of distributed water taken at 19 plants between 1987 and 1989 contained TDS at mean concentrations ranging from 58 to 213 mg/L.(12) Concentrations of TDS in distributed water from 31 plants in Ontario during 1987 and 1988 ranged from 91 to 470 mg/L.(13) In Manitoba, TDS concentrations measured during 1988 in the treated water of 168 communities ranged from 56 to 2510 mg/L; concentrations were less than 500 mg/L in 19% of these communities.(14) Levels of TDS in 1978 samples of community drinking water taken between 1970 and 1989 in Saskatchewan ranged from 6.5 to 5376 mg/L.(15) Concentrations of TDS in 54% of 1042 communities surveyed in Alberta in October 1989 were below 500 mg/L (range <100 to 1000 mg/L).(16) In British Columbia, concentrations of TDS in individual well water supplies ranged from 120 to 4662 mg/L; those in community (generally surface water) supplies were commonly less than 500 mg/L.(17)


In this paper an integrated interleaved Boost-LLC resonant dc-dc converter with voltage quadrupler circuit is proposed for PV power system. It is composed on interleaved boost converter and a full bridge LLC circuit. Voltage Quadrupler circuit is used at the secondary side to boost the secondary side voltages. The operational principal of proposed circuit and its main characteristics such as input current ripple, zero voltage switching (ZVS) and gain are also presented in this paper. The converter has high gain & high power conversion efficiency with less current ripples & voltage stresses. Power MOSFETs are used as switches and proposed scheme is compared with the existing conventional converter circuits. This proposed IIB-LLC-VQ converter with 40-60V input voltage and 400V output voltages is simulated using ORCAD PSPICE simulation software and results are presented in this paper.


According to the present Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, Elastoplastic seismic time-history analysis of a storey-adding frame structure was carried out by using FEA software, ANSYS. The force and displacement distribution under major earthquake, and the position of weak-layer of structure are obtained by analysis. And some suggestions for seismic design are proposed. Elastoplastic time-history analysis shows that the behavior of the structure is satisfactory and it would not collapse under major earthquake.


One technique being used to reduce employee turnover is the Weighted Application Blank. Data obtained from application blanks are analyzed and weights are assigned to each item. Utilizing these weights, predicted scores are derived and compared to each person's actual tenure to determine the effectiveness of the model. The present study analyzed application blank data from the files of 93 currently employed and 69 terminated female clerical workers. Twelve items were analyzed by means of a stepwise multiple linear regression procedure, with months of tenure being the dependent variable. The five most significant items yielded a multiple correlation of .54. The total sample also was divided randomly into two groups, and cross-group analyses resulted in simple correlations of .56 and .29.


The back foundation of a near-shore unsheltered container wharf was unstable since it was formed by soft soil and crushed stone.Due to the change of external conditions and the accuracy limitation of the monitoring instrument,the monitoring data often fluctuated.This paper probes into the way of guaranteeing the monitoring accuracy of deformation and adjusting the platform's displacement trend based on a various kinds of data,so as to give the early warning signal timely.


Two of the most important performance limiters in today's processor families comes from solving the memory wall and handling control dependencies. In order to address these issues, cache memories and branch predictors are well-known hardware proposals that take advantage of, among other things, exploiting both temporal memory reuse and branch correlation. In other words, they try to exploit the dynamic redundancy existing in programs. This redundancy comes partly from the way that programmers write source code, but also from limitations in the compilation model of traditional compilers, which introduces unnecessary memory and conditional branch instructions. We believe that today's optimizing compilers should be very aggressive in optimizing programs, and then they should be expected to optimize a significant part of this redundancy away. On the other hand, optimizations performed at link-time or directly applied to final program executables have received increased attention in recent years, due to limitations in the traditional compilation model. First, even though performing sophisticated interprocedural analyses and transformations, traditional compilers do not have the opportunity to optimize the program as a whole. A similar problem arises when applying profile-directed compilation techniques: large projects will be forced to re-build every source file to take advantage of profile information. By contrast, it would be more convenient to build the full application, instrument it to obtain profile data and then re-optimize the final binary without recompiling a single source file. In this thesis we present new profile-guided compiler optimizations for eliminating the redundancy encountered on executable programs at binary level (i.e.: binary redundancy), even though these programs have been compiled with full optimizations using a "state-ofthe-art" commercial compiler. In particular, our Binary Redundancy Elimination (BRE) techniques are targeted at eliminating both redundant memory operations and redundant conditional branches, which are the most important ones for addressing the performance issues that we mentioned above in today's microprocessors. These new proposals are mainly based on Partial Redundancy Elimination (PRE) techniques for eliminating partial redundancies in a path-sensitive fashion. Our results show that, by applying our optimizations, we are able to achieve a 14% execution time reduction in our benchmark suite.


NUO is a Chinese ancient rite believed to drive away evils that cause disasters, illness and inauspiciousness. Different from other religious dances, the nuo dance is full of valor and vigor, swift and fierce, and even has a bit of terror. While other religious dances, such as the sorcerer's dance, aim at pleasing the gods or supernatural spirits, the nuo dance shows


Synchronous fluorescence method was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk liquor. After the saponification,Four samples of PΑHs were separated and quantified. The recoveries ranged form 84.88% to 104.60%,and the relative standard deviations were 0.51%~8.17%. This method were sensitive,accurate and suitable to the determination of PΑHs in bulk liquor.


A fragment of mtDNA ND4-tRNALeu from 189 samples in 26 populations was used to infer the phylogeographic structure of Phrynocephalus vlangalii complex on the upper reaches of the Yellow River. 703bp ND4-tRNALeu sequences defined 39 haplotypes. Both the Bayesian tree and MP tree comprised two Clades (A and B). Clade A included populations in Zoige Wetland (A1), populations in the west of Kuku-noor Lake (A2) and P. theobaldi; Clade B included populations in the south of Kuku-noor Lake (B1) and those in the north of Kuku-noor Lake (B2). AMOVA showed that these five groups were distinctly different (P < 0.01), with 88.63% of the total genetic diversity being attributable to variation among groups. There might be recent population expansion in A1 and A2, which corresponded to the dry climate of the last interglacial period. The expansion times were estimated at about 0.189 0.105 Ma and 0.102 0.057 Ma, respectively. Molecular clock estimation indicated that Clade A and Clade B diverged at ca. 4.29 2.38 Ma, which fell within the timeframe of the A phase of Qingzang Movement. The divergence between B1 and B2 at ca. 1.73 0.96 Ma may be caused by the geological event in Huangshui valley. In early Pleistocene, populations in B1 may have strong gene flow because of geographic linkage, following with a few extinct haplotypes related to the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the change of Yellow River route. The divergence triggered by A'nyemaqen Mountains between A1 and A2 was estimated at ca. 0.66 0.37 Ma, which may occurred at ca. 0.7 Ma glaciations.


In today's web world, Service-oriented architectures represent the main standard for IT infrastructures. Certainly, with the initiation of service oriented architecture, Web services have gained incredible growth. Web service discovery has become increasingly more significant as the existing use of web service. Discovering most appropriate web service from vast collection of web services is very decisive for successful execution of applications. In automation of web service discovery, there is always a need to deem Quality of Service (QoS) attributes during matching. A study of literature concerning the evolution of different web service discovery optimization methods with unique prominence to quality motivated service discovery have been carried out in this work. This paper depicts Bio-inspired algorithms optimizing the discovery process for semantic web services. Bio-inspired algorithm is a metaheuristics method that mimics the nature in order to unravel optimization difficulty and evaluates the analysis of some popular bio-inspired optimization algorithm systematically. This paper also focused on the principle of each algorithm and their application with respect to run time oriented QoSattributes and from result the best suitable bio-inspired optimization algorithm is been deployed.


Abstract 4364 Anticoagulation with dose adjusted vitamin-K antagonists (VKA, therapeutic range of the international normalized ratio (INR) of 2 to 3) and low dose aspirin (65 to 330 mg daily) enhance bleeding following tooth extraction. However, intensity of bleeding varies substantially between patients. Guidelines disagree regarding interruption or continuation of anticoagulation for tooth extraction. We hypothesized that personality traits may moderate bleeding intensity under anticoagulation. A total of 180 patients (77 female, 103 male, 49.9+15.3 years (mean, standard deviation)) underwent tooth extraction without interruption of anticoagulation. Sixty three patients did not take any anticoagulant (group 1), 60 patients were on aspirin (group 2), and 57 patients on VKA (INR 2–3, group 3). Patients completed a validated state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), a personality inventory with 12 dimensions (Freiburg personality inventory (FPI)), and a self-developed questionnaire on general attitudes regarding general feeling and anxiety before tooth extraction. Dentists (JF, PH) rated bleeding intensity ranging from 0 to 9 according a standardized protocol. Intensity of bleeding after tooth extraction was higher in group 3 (score 5 in 60% of patients) compared to groups 1 (40% and 60%) and 2 (53% and 47%) and higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (p A short questionnaire is developed to identify the anxiety score of patients as a tool for a non pharmaceutical medical intervention to reduce bleeding complications following tooth extraction. Because differences of the moderating effect of bleeding by personality traits may exist between cultures, the questionnaire will be made available across countries www.blutverduennung.uni-hd.de Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Potato peel, a by-product of potato processing industry, is a rich source of fibre and anti-oxidants. This massive amount of waste offers significant economic potential for creative uses other than animal feeds or fertilizers. Hence appropriate handling is needed to avoid any environmental violence. In the present study, efforts have been directed to possible utilization of the potato peel, not only from the point of preservation and waste management, but as a profitable adjunct to the food processing industry. In this connection, an experimental study was performed to determine the drying characteristics of potato peel in a laboratory scale tray dryer at a constant air velocity of 0.5m/s and temperature of 70°C. Potato peels were dried for 7 hrs. Drying curve was prepared and results indicated that maximum drying took place in falling rate period. Six different thin layer-drying models were compared with respect to their coefficient of determination (R²), reduced chi-square (x²) and root mean square error (RMSE) was selected to better estimate the drying curves. The entire models were showed a good fit to the drying data. However, the Exponential two terms drying model showed the best fit to the experiment data among other models.


Objective:To explore the effect on brain electrical physiology of advanced function in psychological reaction to expectancy by combination of electroacupuncture(EA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) to anxiety depression comorbidity(CAD).Methods:According with"China's mental disorders classification and diagnosis standard(the third edition)"(CCMD-3)Ninety cases of the participants were randomly divided into 3 groups.Thirty cases of the group of electroacupuncture combined with rTMS(EA+rTMS) was treated with electroacupuncture at Baihui(GV 20),Yintang(EX-HN 3),Shenting(GV 24),Shenmen(HT 7) and Neiguan(PC 6) mainly,combined with rTMS.The rTMS group with 30 cases was treated with simple rTMS.Both the EA+rTMS group and rTMS group were given according to the clinical conventional antidepressants and resistance to anxiety drugs.Thirty cases of the foundation treatment group only with drugs.Separately,each group before the treatment and therapy after 10 days,were detected by the evoked potentials equipment of the Japanese Nihon Kohden recording(contingent negative variations,CNV) in Cz-A+channel,and comparing with 30 cases of normal control group.Results:①Comparing with the control group,the latecy of starting point of expectancy wave in CNV(A point) had prolonged the trend in each treatment group before treatment,but no significant difference among four groups(P 0.05).The latecy of A point in EA+rTMS group is significantly reduced comparing with before treatment and the control group(P0.05).Before and after treatment in each treatment group had no significant differences,as well as among the control group and all treatment groups(P 0.05).②The percentages of post imperative negative variation(PINV) regression baseline in the treatment groups before treatment were less than that in the control group(P0.05).and no significant difference with the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:EA combined with rTMS can significantly improve the patients with CAD to start process of psychological reaction to expectancy,and improve the spirit underpowered.EA,rTMS and antidepressant may reduce the patients brain arousal level,and ease patients anxiety symptoms.


In this thesis, research work on appliance standby power and energy losses is presented and discussed. The research had three components: Household survey, appliance power consumption measurement campaign, and mathematical estimation of the standby power and energy losses. The household survey was implemented on 555 households in 11 suburbs of Greater Johannesburg in South Africa. Survey results indicate that the estimation parameters: Appliance saturation (s) rates, appliance penetration (p) rates, time spent in standby mode (tsb) as well as appliance efficient use index (AEUI ) are clustered across the household sample. A household cluster is defined to be a group of households with similar estimation parameters. Five clusters were identified in the household sample. Universal appliances are identified and defined to be appliances that are common in all clusters and have saturation rates of 50% or more. Measurements were conducted in 30 households drawn from all clusters in the household sample. Measurements on new appliances were done in three large appliance retail stores. Measurement results indicate wide variations in power consumption levels in appliances with same capabilities and functionalities. In some appliances, very small margins in power consumption levels exist between standby and full operational modes. Poor power factors are evident in most appliances in both standby and full operational modes. Consequently, relatively large components of apparent and reactive power are measured. Significant appliances are identified and defined to be appliances with the largest standby power consumption levels. Estimation was based on a mathematical model developed. The estimated standby power losses per household based on sample parameters is 73.5 W and the energy losses amount to 561.8 kWh per year. The standby power losses per household estimated using cluster parameters range from 28.2 W to 111.7 W and the respective energy losses per household per year range between 181.6 kWh to 862.1 kWh.


In this paper, we focused on how to get CRs collaborate effectively as well as maximize energy savings in cognitive radio sensor network. We have established a model of evolutionary game between a cognitive sensors. In order to let cognitive sensors sense spectrum effectively, we designed a contribution-punishment mechanism, which can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing. Additionally, in order to reduce the wasted energy of sensors in idle, we introduced periodic sleep-listen mechanism. Finally, we simulated behavior dynamics for a 6-player polymorphic population game and compared our proposed scheme with non-periodic sleep-listen mechanism scheme. Result shows that our proposed scheme can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing effectively and can make the system more energy efficient.


"The Blend Function" is a combination of Sample-and-Hold (SHF) function set and Right Hand Side Triangular Function (RHTF) set. It is a new set of Piece-wise Constant Basis Function (PCBF). Any square integrable function can be approximated in this domain. Here, the blend function set is used to find response of a linear time invariant system described by a linear state equation and the result is compared with block pulse function domain analysis (the most fundamental component of PCBF family).


Background and Purpose— A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted to document clinical outcomes and to identify outcome predictors in patients treated with low-dose intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (0.6 mg/kg alteplase), which was approved in Japan in 2005, within 3 hours of stroke onset. Methods— Consecutive patients with stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in 10 Japanese stroke centers were included. Results— A total of 600 patients (377 men, 72±12 years old) were studied. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores decreased from 13 before recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to 8 at 24 hours later. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 36 hours with a ≥1-point increase from the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score developed in 23 patients (3.8%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 5.7%). At 3 months, 43 patients had died (7.2%; 5.4% to 9.5%), and 199 patients (33.2%; 29.5% to 37.0%) had a modified Rankin Scale score ≤1. Analysis of 399 patients with a premorbid modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 who met the criteria of the European license (≤80 years old, an initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤24, etc) showed that 40.6% (35.9% to 45.5%) had a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≤1. After multivariate adjustment, younger age, lower initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, absence of internal carotid artery occlusion, higher Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on CT, and absence of intravenous antihypertensives just before recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were independently related to a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≤1. Congestive heart failure and hyperglycemia were independently related to mortality. Conclusions— Three-month outcomes of patients receiving low-dose intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy in the present study were similar to those from postmarketing surveys using 0.9 mg/kg alteplase.


We have observed the distortion of the gap and associated excitation spectrum in superfluid {sup 3}He-{ital B} with increasing magnetic field up to the first-order transition to the {ital A} phase at a temperature of {ital T}{sub {ital c}}/{ital T} of about 7 ({le}140 {mu}K at {ital P}=0). The pair-breaking critical velocity of a vibrating-wire resonator is monitored as a function of field. By plotting the critical velocity we can follow changes in the {ital B}-phase excitation spectrum with increasing magnetic field, which are in excellent agreement with the calculations of Ashida and Nagai. The sudden transition to the {ital A} phase at the critical field is clearly seen.


A developmental biologist takes aim at understanding the evolutionary origins of eggs and sperm in our 600-million-year-old ancestor. (Read more.)


A lot of research has already been conducted on tissue engineering as it can have the potential for organ and tissue regeneration and repair. Research on the proliferation of cells on the scaffolds, which are material-based structures in the extracellular matrix, increased efficiency of 3D cultures. In this study, the stages of preparing a nanofiber scaffold with different ratios of three polymers of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Polydimethylsiloxane (PCL/G/PDMS) which is biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible are explained for tissue engineering and then fibroblast cells cultivation are discussed. The morphology, porosity and hydrophilicity of the prepared scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the liquid displacement method, water contact-angle measurements respectively. The cell growth and proliferation on scaffolds were counted by Digimizer© software. Then morphology, porosity and hydrophilicity of scaffolds and cell growth and proliferation on scaffolds were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results show that PCL/G/PDMS electrospun nanofibers can be used for tissue engineering applications. The purpose of this scaffold is design a scaffold for elastic tissue engineering, especially uterine tissue, which will be discussed in the following articles.


law to transform the political power structure. She contrasts the Chinese Communists' mobilization of labor unions with the repressive policies toward labor of the Guomindang and analyzes such mobilization in the context of Li Lisan's espousal of urban revolution. Van der Sprenkel concludes that CSR labor legislation was similar to its Soviet counterpart insofar as law was used to alter class and power structure. This observation is particularly helpful when reading Ger R van den Berg's textual comparison of CSR labor and the RSFSR Labor Code. Van den Berg's thesis is that while they copied much of Soviet labor law, the Chinese added their own innovations — in particular, emphasis on the tripartite relationship between employer, trade union, and worker. One of the outstanding features of the volume is the annex, which presents the "largest single selection of CSR enactments in the English language." The selections in the annex parallel the articles in the initial portion of the book, such that the translated enactments cover the areas of constitutional law, land law, labor law, economic regulation, family law, court organization, and criminal law. The annex is an invaluable research tool that complements admirably the main text of the volume.


A new encryption algorithm for color image is proposed. Firstly, scramble pixel during the colored digital lays. Secondly, use the chaos sequence that Logistic chaos mapping generates to obtain the scrambling address code of pixel, which can scramble pixel of each lay. Thirdly, the scrambled image is encrypted with the chaos image which is generated by Logistic chaos mapping through performing an exclusive OR (XOR) operation. Finally, carry on 16 iterations, encrypting the digital color image. The experimental simulation and analysis in the five aspects: the key sensitivity, the primary color histogram, the key space, the correlation of adjacent pixels and encryption speed show that this is a good encryption algorithm for color image.


th August, 1 st September and 20 th September) and sub factors were the planting densities (4, 8 and 12 plants/m 2 ). The results showed that sowing date and planting density significantly affected grain yield, essential oil yield, essential oil percentage, root length, root diameter, flowering stem number and root yield. Means comparison showed that the highest grain yield and root yield were achieved under the 8 plants/m 2


Certain spacelike mesonic correlation lengths serve as interesting theoretical probes for the reliability of perturbation theory in high-temperature QCD, are directly sensitive to chiral symmetry restoration and to the axial anomaly, and might also have indirect phenomenological signatures in idealised heavy ion collision experiments. I review here the weak-coupling predictions for some of these correlation lengths, to be compared with results from lattice Monte Carlo simulations.


art Pascale Casanova, Samuel Beckett: Anatomy of a Literary Revolution, trans. Gregory Elliott, Verso, London and New York, 2006. 119 pp., £12.99 hb., 1 84467 112 7. Andrew Gibson, Beckett and Badiou: The Pathos of Intermittency, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 2006. xii + 322 pp., £50.00 hb., 0 19 920775 5. Last year's centenary of Samuel Beckett's birth saw an especially frenzied flurry of activity around the work of an author who, nearly twenty years after his death, still inspires a level of respect, even affection, among both artists and critics that is almost unique in postwar literature. Appearing at the very end of 2006, these two books are among the most substantial outcomes of such birthday celebrations. First published in French in 1997, Pascale Casnova's text is already known to many. Coming in the wake of the success of her study of 'world literature', The World Republic of Letters (1999, trans. 2005), this typically lucid and stylish translation by Gregory Elliott will hopefully assure it of a wider readership. Andrew Gibson's book, which follows a number of essays published in the last five years or so, yokes Beckett to the fashionable name of Badiou, while surreptitiously undoing at least some of the latter's own much-debated claims concerning the Irish novelist and playwright. Each makes a compelling claim that, as Gibson puts it, 'though he has his rivals', Beckett's remains 'the most important of the serious post-war [European] literary œuvres'. Beckett has, of course, long been the late-twentiethcentury philosopher's writer of choice – he is the only primarily 'literary' author to be honoured with an obituary in Radical Philosophy – and both these books appear in the context of an ongoing revival of explicitly philosophical readings of his work. Simon Critchley's Very Little... Almost Nothing, published in 1999, with an extensive final chapter on Beckett, no doubt bears some responsibility for this, as does the 2002 Palgrave collection Beckett and Philosophy, to which Gibson was a contributor. The question of the status of 'philosophy' in current Beckett scholarship underpins the key arguments of both these new books, in markedly opposed ways. For Casanova, Beckett's distinctive artistic revolution has been misunderstood precisely to the extent that it has been subject to 'annexation by philosophers'. Maurice Blanchot's influential early reading of the Trilogy stands in here for the sins of philosophy in general, though the fact that, as Leslie Hill has pointed out, Casanova takes Blanchot to task for a set of views – an odd melange of sub-existentialist and pseudo-romantic forms of pathos


The problem of introducing a Cartesian position operator canonically conjugate to the momentum operator into relativistic one‐particle theories is investigated independent of any particular relativistic wave equation. The known result that such a description is possible for particles with nonvanishing mass is rederived. The general problem of introduction of canonical variables into relativistic theories is formulated and solved. The configurational indices so obtained correspond to directed plane wavefronts rather than point particles.


In this paper, we present a new frequency weighted model reduction technique for discrete-time systems using balanced singular perturbation approximation with the help of partial fraction expansion. The proposed method ensures stability of the reduced-order models in double-sided weighting condition. The basic idea of the proposed technique is to merge the unweighted balanced technique and the partial-fraction based frequency-weighted technique. A $6^{\mathrm {t}\mathrm {h}}$ order stable low pass digital elliptic filter is considered to show the results of the proposed method.


Abstract Fundamental aspects of contemporary Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are linked to ancient philosophies like Stoicism and Buddhism and have evolved through three generational "waves" that can be traced to the early development of behaviorism. These "waves" are often referred to as Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindful Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT). As the second wave transitioned into the third wave, prominent theorists rebranded principles and practices that were central to traditional CBT. This has generated confusion and miscommunication among researchers, therapists, and the public, which has hampered progress toward the widespread practice of effective, evidence-based treatment. Because no single branded theory is flexible enough to apply to the broad range of clients a typical practitioner serves, many psychotherapists resort to an "eclectic" approach. While combining elements from different protocols can be effective, this approach sacrifices the structure provided by the CBT theoretical paradigm and therefore lacks the integrity of evidence-based practice. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an organizing framework called the Trans-Theoretical Model for Mindful Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TM-MCBT). This model provides three crucial benefits: 1) a flexible and scientifically-grounded structure within which psychotherapists can choose the most relevant evidence-based interventions for their clients; 2) clarity to researchers as they attempt to establish what is happening, when it is happening, and how often; and 3) a common lexicon that enables providers, their clients, researchers, and the general public to continue to integrate the collective wisdom of the ages within contemporary evidence-based practices.


This study aims to This study aims to determine the implementation of project-based learning in cosmetics chemistry courses. Subjects in this study were students of Chemistry Education Department in sixth semester as many as 20 students. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with the steps of research conducted include planning, implementation, and evaluation. The learning used in the delivery of learning materials using project-based learning by making five cosmetic products as the final project. The project assessment used consisted of three main points: product assessment, product reporting and assessment of brochures and leaflet.


Introduction: Currently, midurethral sling procedures are preferred for the surgery of the stress urinary incontinence (SUI), as a first choice. Although these surgeries are minimal invasive, morbidities including hemorrhage, voiding dysfunction, infection, pain, skin infection, mesh erosion, and bladder injuries may be occurred. In our video, we presented mesh excision, in a patient performing clean intermittan catheterization for two years after transobturator tape (TOT) procedure.


H.264 video compression standard is widely used in video transmission for telecommunications field, with a higher compression ratio and excellent network adaptability. But it also decreases the performance in anti-interference capabilities. More than one frame pictures of encoding data is stored in a data packet, once the data packet occur errors in transmission, the whole frame image is completely lost, and the next several frames can not be decoded well . Therefore, we must take the decoder error conceal technology to improve the ability of error resilient. This paper presents an error conceal method for whole-frame loss by using improved backward motion estimation. More precise quarter-pixel motion estimation to conceal the un-mapped pixel from previous correct decoded frame to current damaged frame is used to improve the quality of reconstructed frame, and spatial conceal method of distance-weighted average method is used to reduce the blocking-effect. Experiment results show it is effective.


In recent years data mining (DM) has been heavily applied in customer relationship management (CRM). The objective of this paper is the categorization of customer records into several groups in the Business-to-Business (B2B) context, using clustering analysis. The obtained categories are then used to make suitable marketing strategy recommendations for each group of customers. This is accomplished by first using the Length, Recency, Frequency, Monetary (LRFM) customer lifetime value model, which scores customers according to four attributes, the relationship length with the company (L), recency of latest transaction (R), purchasing frequency (F), and monetary value of customer (M). Secondly, the paper introduces a proposed enhanced clustering model using the k-means++ algorithm, where customer records are segmented based on their respective LRFM values. Also, the proposed model is integrated with a bootstrapping phase, where the selection of the number of clusters is performed by employing both the Calinski-Harabasz and Rand cluster validity indices. In addition, the firmographics data of each customer are taken into account by analyzing groups based on both the sale sector, and the location of customers, as means of enhancing the clustering analysis. Finally, the clustering results are evaluated and discussed. This study is performed on a dataset obtained from a well-known, multi-national, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company in Egypt, resulting in useful insights into the nature of their customers.


Travelers in countries that use an unfamiliar script cannot use pocket translators or online translation services to understand menus, maps, signs and other important information, because they are unable to write the text they see. Solutions based on optical character recognition provide very limited performance in real-world situations and for complex scripts such as Chinese and Japanese. In this paper, we propose an alternative image translation solution based on crowdsourcing. A large number of human workers on mobile terminals are used to carry out the tasks of image recognition, translation and quality assurance. Compared to purely technical solutions, this human computation approach is also able to account for context and non-textual cues, and provide higher level information to the end-user. In this paper, we describe a preliminary user study to create a model of end-user requirements.


Amorphous homopolymer blends were differentiated from the corresponding random copolymers with wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) using the diffraction angle and the band width at one-half peak maximum. The diffraction angle was also used to determine the composition of copolymers and of mixtures of homopolymers. A procedure has been developed to predict the WAXRD patterns of polyblends and/or random copolymers based on those of the corresponding homopolymers.


This paper examines Bonhoeffer's understanding of Christ's presence against the background of his friend Franz Hildebrandt's dissertation, EST. Das lutherische Prinzip. Hildebrandt's dissertation responds, in part, to Karl Barth, who argues that the Lutheran understanding of Christ's presence compromises the divine character of revelation and prepares the way for nineteenth-century theology's confusion of God with creation. In contrast to Hildebrandt's defense of Christ's presence, which relies on the logic of idealism that Barth rejects, Bonhoeffer articulates Christ's presence with reference to what he understands as the core of the Lutheran Christological tradition: its focus on Christ's person. By treating Christ's presence through attention to the logic of person, Bonhoeffer purifies the Lutheran Christological tradition of its speculative tendencies, offering an account of Christ's presence for a post-Barthian theological context.


We revisit a problem studied by Padakandla and Sundaresan [SIAM J. Optim., August 2009] on the minimization of a separable convex function subject to linear ascending constraints. The problem arises as the core optimization in several resource allocation problems in wireless communication settings. It is also a special case of an optimization of a separable convex function over the bases of a specially structured polymatroid. We give an alternative proof of the correctness of the algorithm of Padakandla and Sundaresan. In the process we relax some of their restrictions placed on the objective function.


Objective To evaluate the effects of SmartClipTM Self-Ligating Appliance applied in Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion with bimaxiliary extraction treatment and discuss the mechanism and application.Methods 26 cases aged 13~21 years old with Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion were chosen and treated with SmartClipTM Self-Ligating Appliance.Cephalometric analysis was performed before and after the treatment.Results In the sagittal direction,SNA and ANB were increased 1.41° and 1.33°,there were significant differences in these changes(P0.05),but the changes of SNB were no significant(P0.05).U1-NA and U1-SN were increased 4.60° and 10.78°,U1-NA(mm) were increased 2.60mm,L1-NB and L1-MP were reduced 5.88° and 6.09°,L1-NB(mm) were reduced 2.18mm,there were significant differences in these changes(P0.05).In the vertical direction,the changes of SN-MP and Y axis were no significant(P0.05).Conclusion SmartClipTM Self-Ligating Appliance is effective for Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion with extraction treatment.


Every year millions of people contract cancer in the world, and according to prediction of the World Health Organization by the year 2030 there will be about 27 million new cases. Because of these figures and the resulting social and economic implications of this disease, radiotherapy, which is one form of treatment that uses ionizing radiation, has a great importance. In the classroom the teacher can introduce the subject of the use of ionizing radiation in medicine and the basic physical principles to calculate the thickness of the walls of the rooms that house ionizing radiation sources.


......................................................................................................................................... v ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. xiii


The study was aimed to determine the management practices of buffaloes and the meat quality test at different villages of Pauba upazilla in Rajshahi, Madargonj upazilla in Jamalpur and sadar upazilla in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Total 15 respondents were randomly selected from three villages; each village consists of variable numbers of respondents. The period of data collection was from February to April, 2016. The data were collected through personal interview from the individual respondent present in their own house. Only buffalo rearing was the major occupation of the farmers followed by agricultural crop production. Most of them (70.0%) kept their buffaloes on their own land; but some of them (30.0%) kept buffaloes on a hired place. The farmers (60.0%) basically have no training skill for buffalo rearing but some of them have influences from the buffalo farmers (40.0%). Most of the buffalo farmers purchased one pair of buffalo at a time and reared buffalos for at least 2 years. They fed their buffaloes with locally available roughages and tree leaves which contained more crude protein (CP) and less crude fibre (CF). In time of autumn season, they send their buffalo in Sunamgonj or Sylhet region for proper feeding. Buffalo farmers mainly maintain semi-intensive feeding system. The major diseases of buffaloes in those areas were Foot and Mouth Disease, anthrax and black quarter. Most of them performed vaccination collected from the local market and they also practiced medication and deworming. The farmers were satisfied with the marketing facilities. In case of meat quality parameters with proximate analysis and the results indicate that the better management gives us better quality of meat. It can be suggested that, management practice is very important fact in our country to get good quality of meat. So, we should improve our management practice through scientific approach.


There are many cetaceans that exist in the Indo-Pacific region, however precise distributional locations are difficult to come across. The purpose of this study was to examine reliable literature in order to generate the distributional properties of five cetaceans. Individual spatial locations were combined to reveal where the five species overlapped. The habitat preferences of each species were also gathered in attempt to suggest possible correlations between specific cetacean overlap. Geographical barriers were observed for their distributional effects on the five species. There was a correlation between cetaceans with similar habitats and overlapping distribution. Biogeographical barriers, the Wallace and Lydekker line seemed to play a significant role in isolating certain species. Some cetaceans were permanently separated from other populations due to barriers of the Wallace and Lydekker line. It is possible that new species have diverged as a result of population isolation.


The purpose of this study is to explore a new perspective of how emerging platform firms from different industries innovate their business and revenue models for competitive advantage, operational efficiency, and financial performance. The case study approach is employed for this initial research. The existing theories of business and revenue models have been developed into a normal paradigm. However, the existing paradigm is not sufficient for us to understand emerging platform businesses, such as ecosystems, value proposition, business and revenue models, the digitalization of products/services, and business process etc. Particularly, while few initial studies of platforms have documented in the literature, there is much we do not know (Evans & Gawer, 2016). What are newly emerging platform business and revenue models? What are components of the platform business models that are different from that of pipeline businesses (traditional businesses)? How platforms implement their strategies, create value, and conduct business processes? This study aims to explore these issues. It is suggested that the case study approach is deemed proper for a research project that is exploratory in nature, especially appropriate in new topic areas (Yin, 1994, Kathleen, 1989 and Schwandt, 1997). This paper conducts a case study of several platforms. Case of different platform patterns are selected across industries based on data availability. Data is collected and analyzed at the corporate levels. The paper develops a set of research propositions for the future studies in the area.


The preparation of six isomeric nitroanilinopyridines is described. The effects on the absorption spectra of the presence of the aza substituent in the nitrated and unnitrated rings of mononitrodiphenylamine dyes are compared with similar effects on the spectra of anilinonitropyridines. The nature of the principal by-products formed during the synthesis of nitroanilinopyridines by condensation of aminopyridines with bromonitrobenzenes or of halogenopyridines with nitroanilines is ascertained by mass-spectrometry and other techniques.


"Territorial Presence" argues that the Zaytun apparition—which was a national image of Christian-Muslim unity in 1968—transformed into a sectarian image of Christian-Muslim enmity in 2009. This transmutation in the saintly apparition's meaning originated in territorial contests over churches and mosques in one of Giza's more industrial neighborhoods. By unpacking the phenomenon of "collective apparitions," this chapter further reveals how modernizing epistemologies of visual objectivity organize differences in Muslim versus Christian witnessing. The key principle governing this sensible form of Christian-Muslim difference is majority-minority identitarianism.


This mission was conducted in the frame of the SMOU 2 passed between the Rubber programme of Cirad-cp (France) and RRIT-DOA (Thailand) and devoted to the "application of molecular biology in relation to plant breeding and plant physiology of the rubber tree". The mission was aiming at giving training in some biochemistry techniques and at continuing a collaborative research project on oxidative stress in the laticiferous tissus. Analysis of thiols, ascorbic acid, proteins and dehydroascorbate reductase activity were performed on clones RRIM600, GT1 and PB235 at different stimulation frequencies


The possible occurrence is prospected of a prostatic carcinoma spreading by «intraepithelial propagation» along the urethral mucous membrane up to the urinary bladder. 4 cases are reported, in which endoscopical and cytological examination of the bladder suggests this possibility. The return to normal of both the endoscopical and. cytological examinations following estrogen therapy gave a ccnflrmatlon of the prostatic origin 00 the cancer cells detected in the vesical sediment. The recognition of such a possibility is of the utmost practical importance mainly for therapeutical purposes, since a unitarian treatment may be able to control the primary tumour and its vesical derivation.


In this paper,a series of four point normal and reverse bending experiments were carried out on the three heat-treat microstructures of two steels, which introduce different levels of micro-cavity damage.The residual stress and work hardening were removed by tempering the specimens at high temperature.Then the specimens were loaded by four point bending and unloaded at different loads.By measurement of mechanical parameters and microscopic observation,we have experimentally investigated the effects of initial damage on the ductile fracture initiation toughness of notched specimens with different microstructures of steels.The experimental results show that when the pre-load ratio P_0/P_(gy) is less than 0.86,the ductile fracture initiation toughness P_i/P_(gy) of material A decreases slowly with the increase of the P_0/P_(gy),and the P_i/P_(gy) of material B and C does not almost change with the P_0/P_(gy).However,when the P_0/P_(gy) is larger than 0.86,the P_i/P_(gy) of the three materials would decrease quickly with the increase of the P_0/P_(gy).The decrease of the ductile fracture initiation toughness is caused by the initial damage induced by the pre-load.The larger the amount of the initial damage is,the more obvious the decrease of toughness will be.The ductile fracture initiation toughness P_i/P_(gy) of the material A with fine grain is less than that of the material C with coarse grain.The ductile fracture initiation toughness of material C with high content and larger size of inclusion will be less than that of the material B with low content and small size of inclusion.The paper has also analyzed the causes leading to such results.


We present ISeller an industry-strength recommendation system for online shopping platforms. The system supports several recommendation paradigms like collaborative, content-based and knowledge-based filtering as well as one-shot and conversational interaction modes. A generic user modelling component allows different forms of hybrid reasoning strategies as well as enables the system to support a process-oriented way of interactive selling in various product domains. This application paper contributes a comprehensive scenario for interactive selling on commercial platforms and thus motivates central user modelling services for recommendation systems. Furthermore, we give an outline on the technical architecture and the implemented system. Our presentation will be illustrated with actually fielded examples from domains of luxury-articles like coffee and cigars.


A rich variety of cost models is used in the world's construction industries. In countries exposed to British practice, the use of traditional bills of quantities is common. Elsewhere, bills of quantities may not be used at all. This paper briefly reviews the nature and purpose of cost models both in the UK and in south‐east Asia. It explains how the principle of cost‐significance can lead to a simplified method of measurement which is both well‐structured and sufficiently accurate ‐ a half‐way house between traditional bills and a single lump sum. By way of example, the derivation of a cost‐significant model for student hostels in Singapore is presented. Representing no more than a first step, the problems still to be resolved are outlined. Nevertheless, the techniques seem to hold much promise for the future, and others are encouraged to explore where they might most effectively be applied.


In July 1625, as the death toll of what was to become one of London's most devastating plague epidemics mounted ominously, Thomas Dekker wrote: 'Foure thousand Red-Crosses have frighted the Inhabitants in a very little time: but greater is their number who have beene frighted, and fled out of the City at the setting up of those Crosses'.1 One manifestation of the red cross, he noted with sardonic relish, provoked a physical reaction exceeding even Londoners' fright and flight. A printed bill, 'called, The Red Crosse, or, Englands Lord have mercy upon us, being read to a Farmers Sonne in Essex, hee fell into a swound, and the Calfe had much a doe to be recovered'. If the marginal gloss is to be believed, this 'Essex Calfe' had in fact been killed by his encounter with the broadsheet - a text which evidently communicated disease in more ways than one.2 This death-dealing document [Fig. 1] was printed for John Trundle - the publisher of many of Dekker's pamphlets and of a range of ballads and often sensationalist topical prose works - and sold out of his shop near Smithfield.3 Seemingly something of a generic pioneer, this is the earliest surviving example of a particular kind of inexpensive single-sheet textualization of the plague, almost all of which have 'Lord Have Mercy Upon Us', or some variant thereof in the title.4 The 1625 Red-Crosse was followed by at least five such broadsheets in the plague years of 1636-37 and seven during the epidemic of 1665-66.5 They contain (in varying proportion) accounts of Biblical and historical plagues, as in The Red-Crosse and its later recension, The Mourning-Cross (1665); medical advice and basic prophylactics against the disease, of the kind recommended in the broadside published by Michael Sparke Jnr [Fig. 2]; verses on the need for repentance like those by the balladmakers and pamphleteers, Martin Parker and Humphrey Crouch, in Lord Have Mercy Upon Us and Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us, published by Thomas Lambert and Richard Harper in 1636 and 1637 respectively [Figs 3 & 4];6 and full-blooded prose jeremiads like those in Londons Loud Cryes to the Lord... Made by a Reverend Divine (1665) [Fig. 5].Few historians of medicine or of London have devoted more than a paragraph or two to these works. This neglect is surprising. Not only were they 'the cheapest publications concerning plague', but in years of epidemic they may also have been the most plentiful; no fewer than eight copies of Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us survive from 1665, a truly remarkable number for such an ephemeral form of print.7 Furthermore, the last decade has seen an efflorescence in the cultural history of disease, and especially of plague, and with it a growing awareness of the ways in which 'the language of ... disease could be used to talk about ... wider social concerns and cultural preoccupations'.8 Examining a wide range of writing, including many works with only a toe-hold in the canons of literature or medicine, scholars such as Ian Munro, Ernest Gilman and Margaret Healy have elucidated the English prose and verse of the plague years, emphasizing the metaphorical uses of the disease in this period and demonstrating how authors shaped the epidemic into narratives which made sense of these calamities.9 But they have generally passed over the Lord Have Mercy Upon Us broadsheets. So too have the numerous scholars who have examined representations and perceptions of the early modern capital, who have highlighted the physiological metaphors used to describe the swelling state of the city and the varied ways in which its space, its hordes and its streets were mapped, chronicled and narrated.10This article, therefore, focuses specifically on this form of print culture and the way in which metropolitan pestilence became embedded within and, to a degree, constituted by it. It pays particular attention to the materiality of these texts, stressing that they should be analysed as cultural artefacts in their own right and not simply as sources of information about something else, not even their apparent referent, plague, and that one therefore needs to attend at least as much to the numerals and woodcuts on the page of a Lord Have Mercy as to its verbal content. …


We collected weekly aerosol samples using high-volume impactors over a period of 20 months (1988–1990) at the Cape Grim baseline station on the northwestern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The samples were analyzed for soluble ionic constituents, including sulfate, methanesulfonate (MS−), ammonium, nitrate, and the major sea-salt ions. The sea-salt component showed only a slight seasonal variation, whereas the non-sea-salt (nss) ions all had pronounced summer maxima. Significant interannual variability was seen between the nss ion concentrations measured during the two summers investigated. Nss sulfate and MS− were present both in the fine and coarse aerosol fractions, in the latter presumably associated with sea-salt particles. During the winter period, there was more nss sulfate in the coarse fraction than in the fine fraction. These observations are consistent with an important role of liquid-phase oxidation in haze and cloud droplets for the production of nss sulfate aerosol. The seasonal behavior of the sulfur and nitrogen species at Cape Grim and their mutual correlations suggest that DMS oxidation is the dominant sulfur source during summer, while nonbiogenic sulfur sources make significant contributions to nss sulfate outside of this season. Correlations of CN and CCN concentrations with nss sulfate, MS−, and wind speed suggest that DMS oxidation and, to a lesser extent, seaspray formation contributes to CN and CCN populations. The contrast between the weak seasonality of the sea-salt component and the pronounced seasonal behavior in both sulfur species and CCN supports the central role of biogenic DMS emissions as precursors of CCN in this region, at least in the biologically productive season.


Should you give to beggars? One argument that you should not is that since there are people who are much worse off than beggars, to give to a beggar is to deny some assistance to those who need it most. You should give instead to the most poor, and in general, you ought in your action to do the most good you can. This argument was defended in a paper published recently in /Think/, and the principle that lies behind it is the basis of a popular movement called 'effective altruism'. I attack that argument in this paper. Morality does not require of you merely that you do the most good; there is more to it than that.


Tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) filters have been recently used in MEMS devices, such as adaptive infrared detectors. The mechanical characteristics of these filters are significantly influenced by the mechanical design of the structure, which eventually affects the filter performance and device integrity. This paper reports the mechanical design and optimization of FP filter structures by means of finite element modeling


We have synthesized the new, green light emitting pyrazolinopiperidines (PyP) derivatives with extended π-conjugation pathway by simple, two step reactions and are characterized using spectral and single crystal X-ray analysis. The electronic properties of PyP were studied using steady state, and time resolved spectral techniques, theoretical and electrochemical methods. PyP derivatives exhibit intense green fluorescence both in the solid and solution state with the quantum yield of 0.29 in acetonitrile. Importantly, PyP shows non-overlapping absorption and emission spectrum with the large Stokes shift value of ∼8000 cm−1. Solvent polarity dependent photophysical properties and theoretical HOMO–LUMO calculation reveal that the singlet excited state possesses significant charge transfer character. The substitution of electron donating/withdrawing substituents show negligible or little influence on the photophysical properties except the trifluoromethyl and 2,4-dichloro phenyl substituent. The electrochemical first oxidation potentials were not influenced by the substituent; however the first reduction potential becomes sensitive towards nature and position of the aryl substituent. Further, photophysical properties of PyP become sensitive to the nature of substituent (ortho/para) positions. The enhanced non-radiative decay for the 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituted PyP as compared to 2- and 4-chlorophenyl substituents (by a factor of two and seven times, respectively) emphasize the necessity for multiple electron withdrawing aryl substituents to induce the measurable charge transfer interactions. The enhanced non-radiative rate constant of trifluoromethyl substituent by eight times than methyl substituent is due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer from pyrazoline to styryl moiety.


Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a rare idiopathic autoimmune disease that was usually found in women of reproductive age. Pregnant women with SLE may have a higher risk of flares and pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), congenital heart block (CHB), and intrauterine and neonatal mortality. Here we report a 33-year-old Balinese woman with a second pregnancy, controlled SLE, and history of retinal detachment. The patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team involving an obstetrician, rheumatologist, ophthalmologist, and pediatrician. The patient had methylprednisolone 4 mg once per day to control the SLE during pregnancies. Then, the drug was switched to dexamethasone 0.5 mg orally twice daily at 2 weeks before the due date. The patient routinely visited the Obstetrician and Rheumatology Polyclinic every 2 weeks. Later, the patient came to Emergency Ward and was diagnosed with premature rupture of membranes for more than 12 hours. Therefore, the cesarean section was chosen as the delivery method followed by bilateral tubectomy. The outcomes of pregnancy with SLE are very much affected by the activity of the disease. Our patient had controlled SLE before and during her pregnancy. Therefore, this patient had good pregnancy outcomes and the baby was also born healthy.


years ago, a novel of mine dealing with the German Peasants' War appeared in England. As is customary, my publisher sent copies to various outstanding people, among them an eminent historian at Oxford. Soon after, I received a letter from the don which I so carefully filed away in order to treasure it that I have been unable ever again to find it. The sense of it, however, was that he regretted to say he could not read my novel because he never read novels, being profoundly uninterested in the actions of unreal men and women, their trivial loves and hates, as opposed to the grander sweep of history itself. He ended, however, by inviting me to tea.


In general two basic methods are used for controlling the velocity of a hydraulic cylinder. First by an axial variable-displacement pump for controls flow to the cylinder. This configuration is commonly known as a hydrostatic transmission. Second by proportional valve powered by a constant-pressure source, such as a pressure compensated pump, drives the hydraulic cylinder. In this study, the electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) for velocity control of hydraulic cylinder is investigated experimentally and its analysis theoretically. Where the controlled hydraulic cylinder is altered by a swashplate axial piston pump or by proportional valve to achieve velocity control. The theoretical part includes the derivation of the mathematical model equations of combination system. Velocity control system for hydraulic cylinder using simple (PID) controller to get constant velocity range of hydraulic cylinder under applied external variable loads . An experimental set-up is constructed, which consists of the hydraulic test pump unit, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve unit, the hydraulic actuator unit , the external load control unit and interfacing electronic unit. The experimental results show that PID controller can be achieve good velocity control by variable displacement axial piston pump and also by proportional valve under external loads variations.


A family of five regioisomeric protected fucosyllactoses has been synthesised in only 14 overall steps from the easily available benzyllactoside. The adopted strategy combines enzymatic regioselective protection, introduction of orthogonal protecting groups and regioselective glycosylations on partially unprotected lactosidic acceptors. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


The invention discloses a foam board addition device which comprises a stacking assembly, a foam board bin, a foam board conveying assembly, a pushing assembly and a control system, wherein the foam board bin is placed on one side of the stacking assembly, and the pushing assembly is installed at the input end of the stacking assembly and used for pushing product groups to the stacking assembly; the foam board conveying assembly comprises a driving motor, a conveying belt, a lifting air cylinder and a contact pin, and the driving motor, the lifting air cylinder and the pushing assembly are all connected with the control system; the stacking assembly is used for clamping two product groups where foam boards are placed. The invention further provides a frequently-used container loader of the foam board addition device and a decoration method of the container loader. The foam board addition device achieves full automatic foam board addition in a product, reduces labor cost, improves production efficiency, and can be used in a random container loader.


A galaxy group catalog is built from the sample of the 2MASS Redshift Survey almost complete to Ks = 11.75 over 91% of the sky. Constraints in the construction of the groups were provided by scaling relations determined by close examination of well defined groups with masses between 1011 and 10 15 M ⊙ ?> . Group masses inferred from Ks luminosities are statistically in agreement with masses calculated from application of the virial theorem. While groups have been identified over the full redshift range of the sample, the properties of the nearest and farthest groups are uncertain and subsequent analysis has only considered groups with velocities between 3000 and 10,000 km s−1. The 24,044 galaxies in this range are identified with 13,607 entities, 3461 of them with two or more members. A group mass function is constructed. The Sheth–Tormen formalism provides a good fit to the shape of the mass function for group masses above 6 h − 1 × 10 12 M ⊙ ?> but the count normalization is poor. Summing all the mass associated with the galaxy groups between 3000 and 10,000 km s−1 gives a density of collapsed matter as a fraction of the critical density of &OHgr; collapsed = 0.16 ?> .


Markedly increased serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was discovered in seven children. Investigation showed the finding to be benign in each case. Family survey and follow- up studies revealed a familial pattern in four children and a transient, idiopathic origin in the other three. Awareness of these benign forms of hyperphosphatasemia will aid the physician in the interpretation of elevated AP.


In the introduction to this dense collection of twenty-five case studies of Islamist terror attacks and plots that took place in the period between the 9/11 attacks and the death of Osama Bin Laden...


Disclosed is a way to emit navigation signals by a navigation satellite (46), wherein a time reference is generated in a first signal path (41) and are produced based on the time reference navigation signals, which are then through a transmitting means (39, 40) are emitted. In case of disturbances in the first signal path (41) to switch over to a second signal path (45) is parallel to first signal path (41). The navigation satellite (46) receives timing reference signals and / or navigation signals and the received signals are transmitted via the second signal path (45) to the transmitting means (39, 40) guided and emitted.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the presentation of three sets of indicators on education published by the OECD (Education at a Glance), the European Union (Key Data on Education) and the French Ministry of Education (The State of Education) in recent years. In the first part, we shall describe the way Education at a Glance and Key Data on Education – both dealing with international comparison and The State of Education – mostly presented from a national perspective present their data (sources and methodology), formulate their concerns and present their results. In the second part, we shall analyse the way documents position themselves as references in their field. In the third part, we shall point out the main changes that occurred in the three documents over the past three years, while in the fourth we will analyse the three publications according to Jaap Scheerens' typology.


A compound of formula (I) or one of its salts; ** Formula ** in which: X represents O, S, SO, SO2, Se, SeO, SeO2 or NR where R is selected from H, O, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl , optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted sulfonyl; R1A and R1B each independently represent H, carboxy, cyano, dihalomethoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, pentahaloethyl, phosphorylamino, phosphorylamino, phosphorylamino, phosphorylamino, phosphorylomino trihaloetenyl, trihalomethanethio trihalomethoxy, trihalomethyl, acylooptionally substituted, optionally substituted acylamino, optionally substituted acylimino, optionally substituted acylimino, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxyl substituted, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkynyloxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aminoacyl, optionally substituted amino acyloxy, optionally substituted aminosulfonyl, optionally substituted aminothioacyl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted cycloalidoalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalidoalkyl optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted oxyacyloxy, optionally substituted oxyacylamino, optionally substituted oxyacyloxy, optionally substituted oxyacyliminoxy, optionally substituted oxysulfinylamino, optionally substituted oxysulfonylamino, optionally substituted oxythioacyl, optionally substituted sulfin, optionally substituted sulfin, optionally substituted sulfin thiooptionalm substituted entity, optionally substituted thioacyl, optionally substituted thioacylamino, or R1A and R1B together form an optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkenyl.


We have observed that the binuclear manganese(III/IV) compounds with di-μ-oxo bridge exhibit solvent-dependent solution ESR spectra at room temperature, and have concluded that there are two ESR-detectable species, electron-localized and electron-delocalized ones, in the solution.


Interactions between exogenous MgO particles and endogenous inclusions on the surface of a high alloyed steel melt have been investigated in situ in a high temperature confocal laser scanning microscope. Exogenous magnesia particle forms immediately a liquid Mg–Si–Al–Ti–Cr phase surrounding the solid particle. The real attraction forces between the liquid layer surrounding MgO particles and endogenous Al2O3 inclusions are determined in the range of 6 × 10−18 N to 1 × 10−16 N. In contrast to earlier investigations with exogenous Al2O3 particles, lower real attraction forces between exogenous and endogenous particle pairs have been observed in comparison to endogenous inclusions pairs.


A plaintiff, acting through his or her attorney, sues a defendant claiming that the defendant breached a contract or committed medical malpractice. Because the attorney has a lead role in the judicial system and the particular litigation, the defendant justly may develop a healthy dislike for the plaintiff's attorney. For the defendant, the plaintiff's attorney often is the embodiment of what the defendant feels is a bogus lawsuit. In addition, the zeal with which the plaintiff's attorney pursues the claim may cause the defendant to believe that the plaintiff's counsel is particularly evil. If the plaintiff's case ultimately fails, it is at least understandable that the defendant might want to take steps to get even. The torts of wrongful initiation of civil proceedings and abuse of process sit at the ready for such an aggrieved defendant. Lawyers should not live in fear of these torts, however, because they are extremely difficult to establish against anyone and especially against lawyers.


The utility model discloses a stirring device, and particularly discloses a KR desulphurization stirring device which belongs to the technical field of metallurgic production equipment. During the use of equipment, a half-connection handle and a main shaft of the KR desulphurization stirring device are connected firmly. The desulphurization stirring device comprises the main shaft and the half-connection handle which is sheathed at the end of the main shaft; and the half-connection handle is sheathed with the end of the main shaft through an interference fit structure.


Significance Diamond is an essential material for industrial and scientific applications due to its exceptional properties. The regulation of diamond performance through microstructural design is a challenging and hot topic. Here, we report the synthesis of diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles via direct phase transformation of superaligned multiwalled carbon nanotube films under high temperature and pressure. The preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles endow diamond with the highest hardness anisotropy ever recorded and a record hardness value in the direction perpendicular to the oriented nanotwin bundles. Current findings provide valuable insights on the microstructural design and modification of diamond and related materials, contributing to the further tuning of properties in the future. Mechanical properties of covalent materials can be greatly enhanced with strategy of nanostructuring. For example, the nanotwinned diamond with an isotropic microstructure of interweaved nanotwins and interlocked nanograins shows unprecedented isotropic mechanical properties. How the anisotropic microstructure would impact on the mechanical properties of diamond has not been fully investigated. Here, we report the synthesis of diamond from superaligned multiwalled carbon nanotube films under high pressure and high temperature. Structural characterization reveals preferentially oriented diamond nanotwin bundles with an average twin thickness of ca. 2.9 nm, inherited from the directional nanotubes. This diamond exhibits extreme mechanical anisotropy correlated with its microstructure (e.g., the average Knoop hardness values measured with the major axis of the indenter perpendicular and parallel to nanotwin bundles are 233 ± 8 and 129 ± 9 GPa, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that, in the direction perpendicular to the nanotwin bundles, the dense twin boundaries significantly hinder the motion of dislocations under indentation, while such a resistance is much weaker in the direction along the nanotwin bundles. Current work verifies the hardening effect in diamond via nanostructuring. In addition, the mechanical properties can be further tuned (anisotropy) with microstructure design and modification.


FALL 2008 47 At Marquette University, where I teach in the Department of Theology, we have mirrored these national trends. Marquette pays $3,200 for each semester length course, and NTTs (a group that includes newly minted Ph.D.s) teach one or two courses per semester. Marquette does not provide health or dental benefits, although NTTs may purchase these benefits if certain conditions are met. For example, those teaching only one semester may not purchase insurance through the Marquette plan; only those signed up for two semesters may do so. Even when NTTs can purchase insurance, given the cost, this would leave those who purchase the insurance coverage virtually without income—unless they find courses to teach at other institutions, which, of necessity, they do. My colleagues in the theology department were concerned about this situation and, because Marquette is a Jesuit university, we attemptAs is well-known, over the last few decades, U.S. colleges and universities have increasingly relied upon faculty who are neither tenured nor on the tenure track to shoulder instructional responsibilities. Known as contingent, adjunct, or non-tenure track (NTT) faculty, this group's ranks have grown from 268,883 in 1975 to 885,803 in 2005, according to U.S. Department of Education statistics. During this same time frame, the numbers of tenured and tenure-track faculty have grown from 353,681 to 414,574. Today, three out of four new faculty hires are outside the tenure system. With few exceptions, NTTs work without benefits or insurance, and their pay ranges from merely inadequate to embarrassingly low. Seeking the Path to Adjunct Justice at Marquette University


C REDIT R ATIONING AND C ROWDING O UT DURING THE I NDUSTRIAL R EVOLUTION : E VIDENCE FROM H OARE ' S B ANK , 1702-1862 P ETER T EMIN (MIT AND NBER) H ANS -J OACHIM V OTH (UPF, CREI, AND CEPR) A BSTRACT . Why was growth so slow during the British Industrial Revolution? More than a decade ago, Jeff Williamson proposed crowding-out as a result of Britain's numerous wars as a key mechanism, but little empirical evidence existed to support it. We argue that examinations of interest rates are fundamentally misguided. The eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century private loan market balanced through quantity rationing as a result of the usury laws. In the archives of a private bank that we use, over ninety percent of all loans were made at the maximum permissible lending rate, as set by the usury rate. Hence, earlier investigations such as the one by Mirowski et al. could not undertake a valid examination of the crowding-out hypothesis. Using a unique set of observations on lending volume at a London goldsmith bank, Hoare's, we document the impact of wartime financing on private credit markets. Whenever public borrowing rose above trend, private lending declined markedly. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that government borrowing, especially during wartime, crowded out private credit, and that the magnitude of the effect is important enough to explain at least partly why British growth during the period 1750-1850 was relatively slow. JEL CLASSIFICATIONS : E44, N23, N13, G21, G18, G28 K EYWORDS : crowding-out, British Industrial Revolution, growth, finance, credit rationing.


An experimental study was conducted to determine if intersection behavior of those 18 to 24 and 65+ benefited from advanced in-vehicle signs presented in a head-up display (HUD) format. Using the University of Calgary Driving Simulator (UCDS) to measure intersection performance in the presence of the advanced sign until drivers stopped or cleared the intersection. Two in-vehicle signs, presented in a head-up display format, were evaluated to determine if intersection performance improved or whether unwanted adaptive behaviors occurred. In-vehicle signs facilitated more younger and older drivers to come to a stop at intersections with relatively short yellow onsets. In addition, the speed of those who stopped and those who proceeded through the intersection was reduced by the in-vehicle signs. The velocity reduction produced by the in-vehicle signs was greatest at yellow onset and progressively less effective at stop-line and intersection exit measurement locations. The primary behavioral influence of the in-vehicle signs was on removing the drivers foot from the accelerator in advance of the light changes. Older drivers had slower intersection approach speeds, stopped more accurately and were more likely to not clear the intersection before the traffic light turned to all red, than younger drivers.


We prove that the first integral cohomology of pure mapping class groups of infinite type genus one surfaces is trivial. For genus zero surfaces we prove that not every homomorphism to $\mathbb{Z}$ factors through a sphere with finitely many punctures. In fact we get an uncountable family of such maps.


The present study aimed at comparing the photo detection of peritoneal micrometastases in an ovarian cancer model following administration of two precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX): aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and hexylester aminolevulinate (He-ALA). ALA or He-ALA (100mg/kg) was injected in the peritoneum cavity of 16 rats with induced peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer. Two hours later, the tumours were visualized laparoscopically using both white light for standard exploration and blue light for fluorescence (D-light, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Peritoneal micrometastases were counted. The distribution of PpIX through the peritoneum was studied on frozen biopsies using fluorescence microscopy and correlated with pathological findings. The number of micrometastases detected by the fluorescence blue mode was significantly higher (p<0.05) than with standard white light for both ALA (235 versus 198) and He-ALA application (248 versus 199). The mean fluorescence intensity ratio between tumor and normal surrounding tissue was significantly (p< 0.05) higher for He-ALA (1.6±0.1) compared to ALA (1.4±0.1). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the fluorescence remained limited to cancer cells. Macroscopically fluorescing nodules were histopathology confirmed as malignant. In conclusion, He-ALA is an excellent precursor for PpIX synthesis giving the highest PpIX fluorescence contrast between normal and tumoral peritoneum. Imaging with He-ALA improves the detection of peritoneal metastases comparing to ALA.


The Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) are equipped to quickly adjust its hardware and software resources to cope up with the dynamic nature of markets governed by abrupt demands and customized products. The most distinguishable element of these modern systems are the Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs), having modular structure comprised of basic/essential and auxiliary modules. Basic or essential modules are structural in nature while auxiliary modules are the motion imparting modular components. When any of the auxiliary modules fails, still some reduced functionality may be obtained from these machines as these are equipped with multiple numbers of such auxiliary modules. This paper presents the performance of an RMS in terms of availability and production rate from the system when there is a failure of some auxiliary component of an RMT within the system. Failure of auxiliary component simply means that the RMT will still function as long as there is no failure of any essential component but at a reduced level of performance. The results were present in terms of availability and production rate gain from such system and finally the findings were discussed in the light of previous researches carried out on the topic.


The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) is a non-profit organization aimed at producing standards for the interoperation of heterogeneous software agents. The FIPA Semantic Language (SL) is a communication language that uses the redefined 'content' parameter of the FIPA Agent Communication Language (ACL). The FIPA SL is also a most widely used standard language between the FIPA-based agent platforms. JADE, the famous agent platform in agent paradigms, also applies the FIPA SL. The agent platforms should follow the FIPA specifications such as FIPA ACL and FIPA SL. However there are no communication methods between the heterogeneous platforms that employ the different languages at present. For communication between the heterogeneous platforms that employ the different languages we should fix the source codes directly. Thus, we propose the FIPA SL-to-XML converting module. The converting module makes the FIPA SL-based agent platforms communicate with the XML-based web applications and platforms. We have the employed converting module in XML-based the Component -based Autonomic Layered Middleware (CALM). We also propose the starting point of the integration module that can combine the heterogeneous language-based platforms.


In this article we highlight five tensions that exist in recruitment and selection (R&S) research and practice today and that are centered around the 'efficiency press' and so called 'research–practice' gap. Identified tensions are desires for (1) innovation and efficiency, (2) customization and consistency, (3) transparency and effectiveness, (4) wide‐reach and coherence, and (5) diversity and standardization. Each tension is illustrated with findings from the five studies of this Special Issue that were presented at the third meeting of the European Network of Selection Researchers (August 2014), and supplemented with empirical data on the research–practice gap in R&S (period 2009–2013). We consider how we might move forward in addressing the 'efficiency press' in research as well as managing these tensions in practice.


Optical packet switching is emerging as a potentially important technology in optical networks. To handle the contention of output ports at an optical packet-switching node, a high-speed, low-power photonic memory for buffering data is required. Optical flip-flop memories, in which one bistable device acts as a one-bit memory, are potentially applicable to this scenario [1]. One configuration for achieving a fast and low-power bistable optical device is a polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) [2].


Alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (60 mg/100 ml) and lowered trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) (0.12 mg/ml) was associated with a severe chronic obstructive lung disease and pulmonary emphysema in a 13-year-old child. Lung biopsy proved panacinar type of emphysema. The disease affected mainly the left lung. Bronchospasm was also present.


In recent years, physical layer security has been regarded as a promising technique to facilitate secure communications in next generation mobile systems, where theoretically massive MIMO can significantly enhance the system secrecy performance under its advantage in shaping the transmitted signals to null the interference or leakage. However, in practical systems, the achievable secrecy performance under imperfect channel state information (CSI) deserves further investigation. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis about the physical layer security problem in a multi-user massive MIMO system with imperfect CSI. The considered imperfect CSI includes both the outdated CSI due to the transmission and processing delay, and the channel estimation error. We first derive a tight asymptotic lower bound of the ergodic system secrecy capacity under imperfect CSI, and then analyze how imperfect CSI affects the system secrecy performance. Moreover, we propose a channel prediction scheme that can result in more accurate CSI, in order to alleviate the negative effect on the achievable system secrecy capacity caused by imperfect CSI. Simulation results reveal that the imperfect CSI greatly reduces the system secrecy capacity, while our designed channel prediction scheme can effectively mitigate the harmful impact of imperfect CSI and thus improve the system secrecy performance.


As more land is brought under cultivation, so the demand for milk cans increases. Originally these cans were made from tinned steel sheet with riveted and soldered seams. Being handmade, great difficulty was experienced in maintaining a standard size to allow lids to be interchangeable.


Repair compounds suitable for repair of, especially big hole for use in any application. Repair compound comprises latex resin, a thickener, fiber, and filler materials. In some embodiments, repair compound is configured as shown pseudoplastic type behavior. In some embodiments, repair compound has the following density 4.0lbs / gal. In some embodiments, the repair compound comprises a hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers of different morphologies. In some embodiments, repair compound includes HASE thickener. In some embodiments, repair compound comprises two different intensity / particle diameter curved hollow glass microspheres bimodal distribution derived from line. .FIELD 1


In order to optimize model construction and improve the fitting of it, the paper stands at the viewpoint of pattern recognition, studies the data features of the genetic algorithm by aiming at the deficiency in traditional model construction and provides reliable foundations for investment decision. Moreover, improvement and analysis are also made to improve the performance of encoding method, proper genetic operators, and parameters etc


Mechanical behaviors of square honeycombs cores (SHCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane dynamic crushing loadings. With the increasing impact velocities, different deformation modes are observed. The force-displacement curves include four regimes with distinct characteristics. The plateau stresses are calculated for the SHCs with different configuration parameters. The dynamic plateau stress is the sum of the static plateau stress and the dynamic enhancement due to the inertia effect. The static plateau stress is proportional to the relative density of SHCs. The dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the square of impact velocity and the relation coefficient depends on the configuration parameters. The empirical formulas of dynamic plateau stress in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity are given.


Rural areas heavily depend on traditional industries for their sustainable livelihood and as their heritage. Beekeeping for honey production is one such traditional industry. It is seen as an alternative source of income for the local people. The paper studied the techniques of honey bee production among Igbo people using Edem-ani, Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state, Nigeria as a case study. The implications of honey bee production to the host communities as their sustainable livelihood were looked at. The work also identified the major constraints faced during honey beekeeping and then, recommendations. Three communities in Edem-ani; Uwani Nkoffi, Uwani Umuchoke, and Owerre were selected using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews and direct observation were used to elicit information from the research subjects: beekeepers, honey sellers, and consumers. Journals and internet materials were secondary data used. The result revealed that beekeeping is a viable business as the majority of the respondents found it very profitable. The findings assist extension workers to come up with more practical solutions to address the needs of the bee farmers in order to have high productivity.


The created program complex representing the information and analytical module of long-term dispensary supervision of patients with a myocardial infarction is described.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and productivity of marine algae Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in palm oil mill effluent (POME) medium. The POME was varied in concentration of 10%, 30%, and 50% (vol POME/vol water) while the comparison with fresh and saline medium was also investigated. The relative performance of the different concentrations of fresh POME were investigated with respect to their productivity, specific growth rate and biomass production. Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in 30% (v/v) fresh POME had significantly (p<0.05) higher growth rate (0.31 ± 0.06) d–1 and productivity (0.034 ± 0.01) g ∙ L–1 d–1) as compared to fresh medium and other treatments (10% and 50% v/v). These results indicated the potential of microalga Nannochloropsis sp. for biomass production and POME nutrients removals. Further research on optimizing biomass productivity and nutrients removal in POME medium should be done prior to its scale up for industrial application.


This paper describes some of the pamphlets published by the Information Education and Communication project in recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health materials for adolescents in Uzbekistan. These pamphlets offer details on keeping a family healthy; the basics of AIDS and sexually transmitted disease; the importance of proper birth spacing; advantages of breast-feeding; and basic facts about contraception.


To evaluate imaging methods and prognoses between small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and larger tumours according to the era of diagnostics.


:Influenced by the educational aims view of pragmatism the value of edu cation especially higher vocational education is more and more clearly tend to u tility.The way to change it is to recognize and define it from a new angle,and reform higher vocational education through realize"back of human being".


The purpose of the study was to develop a model that holistically synchronizes project management competences, ethical positions and performance of government projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 103 government projects of five public universities in Uganda. The study used cross section design and quantitative approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Results revealed that behavioral and technical project management competences, teleological and ontological ethical positions exist as well as significantly affect project performance. Ethical positions partially mediated the relationship between project management competences and project performance, which is a requirement for promoting sustainable performance outcomes of government projects. The findings, managerial and policy implications are fully discussed in this paper. This study makes a contribution by providing information that is relevant for filling the practical gap that exists in government projects of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as contributes to theoretical development of project management discipline. Keywords : Project management competences, ethical positions and project performance


The presence of right-turning vehicles affects the saturation flow at a signalized intersection approach by influencing the flow of straight-through vehicles. When the right-turn movement is independent of the straight-through movement, the saturation flow of the intersection is affected by the allocation of cycle time to the right-turners and the provision of separate lanes. When the right-turn is combined with the straight movement, turning vehicles interfere with through vehicles and the total saturation flow is reduced. In this study, the saturation flow of right-turn lanes was compared with that of through lanes at several signalized intersections in New Delhi, India. Mathematical models to calculate the PCU for a right-turning vehicle were developed, and its variation with traffic mix was explained. Equivalency factors, defined as the ratio of through saturation flow to right-turn saturation flow, were developed for particular values of turn radius.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of haematological, biochemical constituents and oxidative stress parameters for predicting the survival of diarrhoeic calves. Investigation was carried out on 31 cow calves including 6 healthy and 25 calves affected with diarrheoa. The haematological studies evident that there was significant decrease in value of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC). Erythrocyte indices i.e. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly decreased in diarrhoeic calves. There was significant increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) and in value of absolute lymphocytes in diarrhoeic calves when compared with the corresponding values of healthy calves. Serum biochemical studies revealed that there were significant increase in values of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) however there was non significant decrease in albumin: globulin ratio in diarrhoeic calves. Studies of oxidative stress parameters showed that there was significant decreases in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s- transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) whereas significant increase in activity of catalase in diarrhoeic calves when compare with apparently healthy calves; respectively.


A new P-I-N-drain MOSFET structure has been developed with very low (near-intrinsic) doping (10/sup 15/-10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ in our case) in the channel near the source/drain ends. The new structure is more effective in reducing the peak electric field at the channel/drain junction than LDD structures, and hence results in better hot carrier suppression. Also, simulations show that the near-intrinsic region near the drain reduces the transverse electric field and gives rise to higher carrier mobility and drive current. Experimental results show that, with the new structure, the substrate current and oxide charging due to hot-carrier injection are greatly reduced. >


Characterization of lignins is an extremely difficult task because of their diversity in respect both to source and extraction method. In the present work, the possibility to use infrared spectro ...


The emergence of epigenetic predictors was a pivotal moment in geroscience, propelling the measurement and concept of biological ageing into a quantitative era. However, while current epigenetic clocks have shown strong predictive power, they do not reflect the underlying biological mechanisms driving methylation changes with age. Consequently, biological interpretation of their estimates is limited. Furthermore, our findings suggest that clocks trained on chronological age are confounded by non-age-related phenomena. To address these limitations, we developed a probabilistic model that describes methylation transitions at the cellular level. Our approach reveals two measurable components, acceleration and bias, that directly relate to perturbations of the underlying cellular dynamics. Acceleration is the proportional increase in the speed of methylation transitions across CpG sites, whereas bias is the degree of global change in methylation affecting all CpG sites uniformly. Using data from 7,028 participants from the Generation Scotland study, we found the age acceleration parameter to be associated with physiological traits known to impact healthy ageing. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study of age acceleration identified four genomic loci previously linked with ageing.