Carbon dioxide, as an abundant and nontoxic C1 resource, can be extensively applied to produce C1 building blocks via direct and indirect routes. On account of the stable electronic structure and high activation energy of CO2, the most challenging problem of CO2 conversion is the rational design of low‐cost and efficient catalysts with attractive performance. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with atomically dispersed metal atoms, strong metal–support interaction, and tunable/unsaturated coordination environment offer a potential choice by achieving maximum atomic utilization and lowering the CO2 activation barrier. Furthermore, the geometric and electronic structure of SACs can be easily regulated by tuning the coordination environment of single atoms, which significantly affects their catalytic performance. In this review, therefore, a comprehensive review of thermocatalytic CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals over SACs is presented. Specifically, the physiochemical and electronic properties, synthesis methods, and characterization technologies are introduced. Thereafter, an overview of catalytic performance and mechanism of SACs is described during thermocatalytic CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals. Finally, the main limitations of current studies on CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals over SACs are summarized, and simultaneouslyperspectives on the future are proposed, in order to provide a guidance for decarbonizing the industries and cycling greenhouse gases.


AIM To study stability of enteral nutrition under the influence of stress testing.METHODS A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method with fluorescence detection for the determination of vitamin E in enteral nutrition was developed.A Dikma Diamonsil C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm) was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile(95∶5,V/V) for HPLC analysis.Sample solution of 20 μL after saponification was injected for HPLC analysis.RESULTS The content of vitamin E was easy to change and decreased more significantly due to high-temperature,high-humidity and strong light when the enteral nutrition was opened to the air.Meanwhile,the product was sensitive to temperature when it was closed.CONCLUSION The product is recommended to be stored in an airtight container which is cool,dry and dark.The product should be freshly prepared before clinical use.


The article deals the tourist-recreational assessment the Alakol lake and its using in the tourist and recreational purposes. The researches put scientific and special techniques used in the field of tourism and geographical research: a method of system analysis, factor analysis of geosystems, content analysis of the scientific literature, processing methods geographical statistics, comparative, structural and logical analysis, analytical methods. These results could be used in activities, which related with problems of protection and restoration the natural and cultural heritage of the region.


Dissociation processes of CO 2 hydrate under water flow conditions were investigated by experimental measurements and numerical calculation. Dissociation experiments were carried out with a CO 2 hydrate ball (diameter 10 mm) mounted in a flow cell, and the overall dissociation rate of CO 2 hydrate without bubble formation was measured under various conditions of temperature, pressure, and water flow rate. A linear phenomenological rate equation in the form of the product of the dissociation rate constant and the molar Gibbs free energy difference, between the hydrate phase and the ambient aqueous phase, was derived by considering the Gibbs free energy difference as the driving force for the dissociation. The molar Gibbs free energy difference was expressed by the logarithm of the ratio of the concentration of CO 2 dissolved in water at the hydrate surface to the solubility of CO 2 in the aqueous solution in equilibrium with the hydrate. The dissociation rate constant was determined from the experimental results of the overall dissociation rate combined with the numerical simulation results of the concentration profile of CO 2 constructed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The obtained dissociation rate constant at the same pressure was found to be dependent on the temperature with the apparent activation energy of 97.51 kJ/mol. A general form with product of the dissociation rate constant times driving force is proposed to calculate the dissociation rate of CO 2 hydrate in the water. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Regarding the labor issues, the outstanding difference between the 1920s and the 1930s is that the state intervened to manage and control the labor issues directly and systematically. Enterprenuers also pursued scientific and systematic management of the production process through managerial innovations. This article analyses the institutionalizing process of the production proces inside firms. The essential features of the restructuring proces inside firms in the 1930s are the substitution of superannuated machinery and the introduction of production control system, instead of labor contract system(包工頭制). While the latter is man-oriented labor management system, the former is technology-based labor management system. These trends resulted in the dismantlement of the deep-rooted conventions of Shanghai labor society such as labor contract system(包工頭制), which caused serious shock to and resistance from the labor society. The labor society, however, resisted these trends with disputes against strict factory rules, the changed wage system, restructuring of the work system and the introduction of the incentive system which resulted from the restructuring of firms. Besides, the other factors such as increasing instability in employment of the 1930s, reduction of the labor forces, and the deep-rooted conventions of labor also caused the stagnation of the restructuring of firms. Laborers resisted against these restructuring processes by entrusting themselves on underground organizations such as banghui(?會) which allows public scrutiny. In opposition to the institutionalization processes by the state and firms, laborers adapted themselves to the changed situations by the local-based networks which are self-preserving- survival mechanisms. The local-based networks played an essential role in the employment and execution of business even under production control system, a typical example of institutionalization of the production proceses. This shows the old conventions are included with a new structure within a production proceses. The strong continuity of local-based networks in employment even under production control system, especially division of labor market owing to unique family registers(籍貫) shows the strong flexibility of local-based networks to the change toward modem labor control system. In the 1920s labors from Subei(蘇北) such as Anhui(安徽) could not get jobs in sectors of somewhat better working conditions. But even in the 1930s this situation did not change much. In addition, the hierarchical character depending on native-place in the 1930s was the same with that in the 1920s overall. For example Ningbo people were working in the areas of upper level of wages and better working conditions. On the other hand, Subei(蘇北) people were working in the lower level of wages and worse conditions. This means that the division of labor market owing to native-place is the other side of the hierarchical aspects in the production system owing to native-place. In conclusion, the traditional networks such as local-based networks adapted themselves to the changed situation even in the 1930s. Strictly speaking, however, this might rather be called the continuity of the existing structure than the flexibility because the traditional conventions themselves did not change their fundamental characteristics. We should say that the existing structure in the labor world adapt themselves to the new situation by introducing just parts of the changes, which did not affect the existing structure fundamentally.


The fermentation of high marine lysozyme-producing strain R-J-101 was investigated through single-factor test.The optimized fermentation conditions were:incubation temperature 30℃,initial pH 7.5,amount of inoculation 6%,rotate speed 200r/min.Quadratic regression orthogonal design was used in shaking flask to optimize the fermentation medium of strain R-J-101.The most suitable medium was identified as follows:corn flour 0.200%,peptone 0.773%,beef extract 0.132%,NaCl 0.320%,MgSO4 0.759×10-5mol/L.The optimized medium allowed the lysozyme activity to be increased from 1808U/mg of the original to 2965U/mg.


The utility model relates to a movable air filling vault curtain building. A wall is composed of an air filling air bag, an air filling mouth is arranged on the air bag, and the inner and the outer walls of the building which is formed after the air bag is filled with the air form ball shape. The vault curtain building walls are formed by mutual extrusion after the unit air bag is filled with the air, and a plurality of air bags which are arranged in the air bag which forms the vault curtain building form a door by shortening. A heat preservation layer/ the soundproof layer is adhered on an inner wall of an air bag assembly. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, quick disassembly and reconstruction, allochthonous movement, various forms, and beautiful appearance and is suitable for various places.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi Publications ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1: Pitch Dynamics ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2: Gaze Tracking in Baseball/Previous Studies ........................................................... 2 1.3: Expert vs. Novice Athlete Visual Attributes/Performance ...................................... 5 1.4: Baseball Gaze Tracking: Motor versus Perceptual Elements .................................. 8 1.5: Summary of Gaze Tracking In Baseball ................................................................ 12 1.6: Aims of the Study................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2: Methods ........................................................................................................... 14 2.1: Subject Enrollment and Eligibility ......................................................................... 14 2.2: Pitching Machine ................................................................................................... 14 viii 2.3: Ball Location .......................................................................................................... 16 2.4: Eye and Head Monitoring ...................................................................................... 20 2.4a: Monitoring Eye Movements ............................................................................. 20 2.4b: Monitoring Head Movements ........................................................................... 21 2.5: Experimental Design .............................................................................................. 22 2.6: Data Analyses......................................................................................................... 24 2.6a: Objective Assessment of Eye Movement Amplitude, Head Movement Amplitude, and Gaze Error ........................................................................................ 25 2.6b: Comparison to Previously Recorded Intercollegiate Data ............................... 26 Chapter 3: Results ............................................................................................................. 28 3.1: Subject Data ........................................................................................................... 28 3.1a: Visual Acuity Data ........................................................................................... 28 3.1b: Age and Baseball Experience Data .................................................................. 28 3.2: Novice Data ............................................................................................................ 29 3.2a: Combined Head Movement, Eye Movement, and Gaze Data .......................... 29 3.2b: Novice Head Movement Behavior ................................................................... 30 3.2c: Novice Eye Movement Behavior...................................................................... 31 3.2d: Relationship between Head and Eye Tracking Values for Individual Subjects 31 3.3: Novice versus Intercollegiate Subject Data ........................................................... 35


Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the interrelationships between workplace movement (sitting, standing, and stepping), availability of discussion space, and face-to-face (FTF) interactions between workers. Methods: Desk-based workers (n = 221) wore an activity monitor for 7 days and self-reported their weekly frequency of FTF interactions and discussion space availability. Negative binomial regression models examined behavioral and spatial factors associated with the frequency of FTF interactions. Results: Adjusted for potential confounders, each one standard deviation increment in time spent sitting, standing, stepping, and discussion space availability was associated with 20% lower (P = 0.004), 19% higher (P = 0.003), 6% higher (P = 0.16), and 11% higher (P = 0.26) frequency of FTF interactions, respectively Conclusions: Lower workplace sitting was often linked to reduced risk of chronic diseases. Our findings suggest that less sitting at work may have additional benefits of increasing informal interactions between office workers.


This article describes the reconstructed timing, states, and geometries associated with the autonomous DART kinetic impacting event on Didymos's moon, Dimorphos. The authors describe the methodology by which they reduced the final estimates of the properties of the DART impact, as well as geophysical properties of both Dimorphos and Didymos from the limited mission data. This work appropriately cites recent, relevant data reduction methods (e.g. OSIRIS-REx) to the novel DART mission dataset, which provide the community with a quality reconstruction of the impact location, angle, speed, as well estimates of as each object's dimensions, volume, mass, and density. Due to data and geometry challenges, formal statistical uncertainties can under-represent the true uncertainty in the estimate, and an uncertainty value must be scaled or derived by alternate means or philosophies. In my opinion, the authors appropriately describe in the methodology section the rationale for their chosen uncertainty values, which include a reasonable level of conservatism. The reporting of the data and methodology is sufficiently detailed and transparent. The abstract gives great context for the work, but feels too introductory and lacking in a description of what DART mission results are included. This work focuses primarily on the event reconstruction, which should be mentioned; especially given the vagueness of the title, and lack of discussion related to the orbit dynamics change [6] outside of the abstract. Overall, this is a well written paper and I look forward to seeing it published.


The condition diagnosed as porphyria cutanea tarda in adults began with bullous lesions which progressed to ulceration and generally healed, leaving pigmented scars characterized by the presence of microcysts. In children, the initial lesions resembled comedones and milia. In severe cases the picture was that of "monkey disease." Porphyrinuria appeared early, and the systemic effects were sometimes serious and permanent. More than 600 cases were observed durin a 5-yr period in the southeastern region of Turkey, and the total incidence is estimated to have exceeded 3,000. The outbreak was traced to the consumption of wheat as food, contrary to plan, after it had been prepared for planting by treating it with a fungicide, hexachlorobenzene.


The present paper reports results of an investigation carried out in order to develop a procedure to generate О-glycosides by the Kennigs-Knorr's technique. We have shown the possibility of glycolysation of monoterpenoids (boras camphor, verbenol, 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)carene-2, myrtenol, myrtanol, and isopinocampheol) and studied the influence of steric effects on terpenoid reactivity. Structures of the synthesized glycosides were proven with NMR spectroscopy. Introduction Oxygen-containing monoterpenoids (OM), herbal essential oil components, have apparent antispasmodic, sedative and tranquilizing action. Correctly dosed, they prove beneficial to various systems and metabolic processes in human organism. At the same time, OM are more toxic in relation to humans and animals than their hydrocarbon counterparts. In contrast to monoterpenoid hydrocarbons, their oxygen-containing derivatives can form complexes with different components of plant tissues, glycoside complexes in particular. Bound forms are less toxic on the one hand and easier transportable on the other (1). Glycosylation of bioactive substances (BAS) to produce forms of greater polarity that are physiologically more readily available is a topical issue with modern pharmacology. In order to study biological activity of monoterpenoid О-glycosides, we did their partial countersynthesis on the basis of the following: boras camphor (I), verbenol (II), 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)carene-2 (III), myrtenol (IV), myrtanol (V), isopinocampheol (VI) (fig. 1). The synthesis was done using model compounds synthesized at the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Centre, Uralian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, that are synthetic analogs of natural components of herbal essential oils. For example, isopinocampheol is the precursor of isopinolcamphone, a major component of the essential oil of hyssop officinal (Hissopus officinalis L.). The oil also has myrtanol and myrtenol in its compposition. Boras camphor is a camphor oil component. D-glucose was used as genin. Glucose is one of the commonest monosaccharides in the carbohydrate portion of natural glycosides, ensuring a better solubility and absorbability of BAS. The synthesis was done according to the Kennigs- Knorr's technique (2). The general scheme is shown in fig. 2. Experimental 1. 1. Synthesis of acylated monoterpenoid glycosides. All the six experiments were made under similar conditions. A glycating agent - 1-bromo-2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl- α-D-glucopyranose (acetobromineglucose) - was obtained under conditions reported in (2). The experiments were performed in absolute ether. Freshly prepared silver carbonate was used as a catalyst that was gradually added to solution with 0.06 g aglycone and 0.20 g acetobromineglucose in 2.5 ml of absolute ether. The reaction was performed for 24 hours at constant stirring. The reacting mixture was then filtered, the filter cake washed several times with ether and concentrated in air flow. Water vapour was passed through the mixture for one hour in order to remove the unreacted monoterpene spirit residue. Following that, the product was dried and stored in a vacuum dessicator over anhydrous phosphorus oxide (V). Yields of respective acylated glycosides are shown in table 1.


An ethylene permeation system was tested in a study of flower abscission of Verticordia nitens (Lindley) Endl. Various concentrations of ethylene in air were generated by passing air, at a flow rate of 2 L/min, through chambers containing various lengths of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing pressurised (50 kPa) with ethylene. Ethylene permeating through lengths of PVC tubing of 1.5, 15, 150, and 1500 cm (8 mm internal diameter, 1.5 mm wall thickness) gave ethylene concentrations in the outflow airstreams of 0.12, 0.99, 7.8, and 100 μL/L, respectively. Increasing the ethylene pressure in 150-cm-long tubing linearly increased the permeation of ethylene (0.07 μL/L. kPa). A log-linear abscission response of V. nitens flowers to increasing ethylene concentration was demonstrated using this system. Use of silicone tubing (8-mm internal diameter, 1.5-mm wall thickness) resulted in an ethylene flux 75 times that of the same length of PVC tubing. Higher flux through silicone tubing should allow development of ethylene permeation gassing systems suitable for use in fruit ripening and degreening rooms.


On several aminoquinone derivatives the interaction with nucleic acid and the effects on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells were investigated in relation to the findings that aminoquinone structures in such antibiotics as actinomycins and mitomycins played an important role on their biological effects as a functional group. The results are as follows : 1. Among the aminoquinone derivatives used for this investigation the compounds of aminoquinone imine or aminophenoxazone type showed to interact with nucleic acid by the method of difference spectrum. Besides, the former interacted with both of DNA (calf thymus DNA) and RNA (yeast tRNA). 2. The type of spectral shifts of aminoquinone imines was found to be different from that of aminophenoxazones, and the interaction of these compounds with nucleic acid was become weak by the addition of Mg2+. 3. All the compounds which interacted with nucleic acid inhibited the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells in vitro, and the order of inhibition in each case was as follows ; DNA>protein>RNA. 4. Among these compounds 2-amino-1, 4-naphthoquinone imine-HCl (ANQI) was remarkable for its intensive inhibition on DNA biosynthesis, that is, the incorporation of thymidine-2-14C into DNA was inhibited almost perfectly at the concentrations of ANQI higher than 5×10-6M, and was depressed as much as 33% even at 5×10-8M. 5. These compounds did not stimulate the degradation of DNA, while that of RNA was somewhat stimulated by ANQI.


Berghmans et al., "Activity of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy on Malignant Mesothelioma: A Systemic Review of the Literature With Meta-Analysis". Lung Cancer 2002; 38:111-121. Carbone et al., "The Expression of CD26 and CD40 Ligand is Mutu ally Exclusive in Human T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas/Leuke mias', Blood 1995; 86:4617-4626. Kajiyama et al., "Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Overexpression Induces Up-Regulation of E-Cadherin and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metal loproteinases, Resulting in Decreased Invasive Potential in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells', Cancer Res. 2003; 63:2278-83. Kobayashi et al., Association of CD26 With CD45RA Outside Lipid Rafts Attenuates Cord Blood T-cell Activation. Blood 2004; 103:1002-10. Levenberg et al., "p27 is Involved in N-cadherin-mediated Contact Inhibition of Cell Growth and S-phase Entry'. Oncogene 1999; 18:869-76.


In order to utilize palm oil ethyl ester (PEE) as an alternative diesel fuel, the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions are investigated using a small direct injection diesel engine, and are compared with palm oil methyl ester (PME), rapeseed oil ethyl and methyl esters (REE and RME) and the gas oil. As a result, PEE has lower pour point compared with PME. The thermal efficiency of PEE is almost the same as those of the other test fuels. PEE and PME have lower exhaust emissions compared with the other test fuels. Although CO and smoke emissions of PEE are slightly higher than that of PME, NOx and HC emissions of PEE are almost the same as that of PME. It is concluded that PEE can be used as an alternative petroleum diesel fuel.


The present study introduces description of a new species genus Neoalitarus it is Neoalitarus nigrosus. This study includes external morphological characters and the spotting patterns and photos of vertex face pronotum, mesonotum, shape of male abdominal basal, male genitalia including; aedeagus, connective, genital style and genital plate and also female genitalia, seventh abdominal sternum, ovipositor including: middle valve and lower valve in addition venation systems on fore and hind wing. The species under study regarded as a new record to Iraqi fauna of Cicadellidae. The specimens were collected from Al-Najaf province in May 2014.


Microemulsions are clear, transparent, thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil and water, stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant frequently in combination with a co-surfactant. Since the discovery of microemulsions, they have attained increasing significance both in basic research and in industry. Due to their unique properties, namely, ultralow interfacial tension, large interfacial area, thermodynamic stability and the ability to solubilize otherwise immiscible liquids, uses and applications of microemulsions have been numerous. The objective of this review is to present briefly the possible applications of the novel compartmentalized systems of microemulsions.


A number of techniques have been presented recently to simulate or predict the acoustics of a room. Among these we can find reverberation algorithms based on waveguide meshes and acoustic ray-tracing. Both approaches have disadvantages, such as an excessive amount of computation required (resulting in only off-line simulations) or aliasing phenomena caused by non-uniform speed of sound distribution of the travelling waves. This paper presents a novel approach to simulating acoustics in real-time which solves the problems mentioned or significantly improves the quality of existing mesh-based reverberation algorithms.


University of Tampere School of management Author: SOIKKELI, ANTTI Name of the study: Managing organizational creativity in media context. Case Yle Design. Master's thesis: 92 pages, 28 pages of attachments Time: April, 2013


This paper gives an investigation and statistics of the ways in which normal school stu- dents get access to information resources,and makes an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of print- ed documents,digital libraries and search engines respectively.It discusses the relationships between tra- ditional libraries and digital libraries and search engines respectively and makes a conclusion that tradi- tional libraries won't vanish forever.


Summary Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere, business, public policy, and education. The ramifications for the field of child psychology and psychiatry are being debated and veer between LLMs as potential models for development and applications of generative AI becoming environmental factors for human development. This Editorial briefly discusses developmental research on generative AI and the potential impact generative AI on the hybrid social world in which young people grow up. We end by considering whether the implications justify increasing attention in our field.


Zhuangzi considers human's mind in connection with various factors,such as the social reality,human body itself,objects outside body,life and the development of spirit and so on,which makes his thought on "mind" more logically developed,and richer.According to Zhuangzi,"mind formed from individual life experience",which is one's intuition,is not directly and necessarily negative.It turns to be prejudice or bias only when it is taken as the only measure for judging what is right or wrong."Mind like wormwood" indicates a narrow and bending mind which is caused by self-isolation."Returning to the original mind",a humane and righteous mind,first requires abandoning the "mind like wormwood",which is poisonous to the healthy development of heart.To pursue an ideal heart status "mind roaming in the field of morals",it is necessary to give up seeking earthly objects.Actually,it calls for men's attention to the cultivation and fulfillment of the inner world instead of over self-indulging in the possession of earthly objects.


In the global marketplace, women entrepreneurs are a vibrant and growing economic force. As the number of women in self‐employment is increasing in most countries, typically entrepreneurial women are still a small proportion of the total population. This article examines women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Morocco. Factors enhancing and inhibiting Moroccan women entrepreneurs discussed include socio‐cultural and religious; family background; education; and work experience. Challenges women face in the informal sector are also surveyed. The conclusions drawn from the article include the objective of increased self‐sufficiency as a central goal of intervention programmes. Strong women's organisations and networks must be an important part of any strategy of empowerment.


The design and wideband performance of a planar meander monopole antenna in the mobile phone is presented. By using parasitic strips and a sleeve feed, wideband impedance characteristics are achieved. A measured impedance bandwidth for VSWR<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\leq$</tex></formula>3 of about 101.7% ranging from 440 to 1350 MHz is obtained. It is very suitable for DVB-H, LTE 13, GSM850, and GSM900 applications in the mobile phone.


The study aims to find out how online gaming affects the emotional and social development of ULA Sekolah Setara (basic). The method in this research uses a qualitative approach. The study targeted pupils of the ULA (basic) school age who played online games with a total of five children. The data collection techniques used in this study were three-day observations and interviews. Based on the results of interviews and observations done on five (5) ULA (basic) pupils who use online gaming, researchers found both positive and negative influences. These positive influences include learning about technology, understanding the various applications of online games, and learning new vocabulary in foreign languages. As for the negative influence of online games on the emotional and social development of children, children are more irritable, more aggressive, and lack interaction with the people around them.


The paper presents preliminary data relevant to Swedish children's acquisition of the quantity contrast. Since Swedish children are heavily exposed to lexically conditioned quantity patterns, and since the contrast involves some fairly robust phonetic correlates, distinct ambient language influences on early vocalizations can be expected. To date, however, such effects have been observed only informally. In the present study, durational measurements were made on the relevant vowels and consonants in disyllabic words produced by three Swedish children aged 30 (two children) and 24 months (one child), respectively. The data suggested adult-like durational patterns in all three children irrespective of age. So far, then, the experimental evidence has encouraged the hypothesis that the quantity contrast may be in place by 24 months of age or even earlier.


When medical students enter in final year, they abruptly face complex relationship with patients, family members, consultants, residents, nurses, and with each another as professionals. Nowadays medical ethics education has become a universal component of undergraduate formal medical training in most countries. From the standpoint of vertical integration, medical ethics should be taught step by step throughout preclinical and clinical education. The increase in bioethics education in preclinical curricula trains and aware medical students to recognize ethical issues and determine right action. In India , Medical council of India ( MCI ) has proposed bioethics as compulsory part of curriculum in preclinical years of students since current academic year. Well integrated syllabus pattern, small group teaching , special examination oriented study modules , clinical teachers involvement , training , opportunities for peer analysis/assessment, and timeliness of the teaching found provides strength to ethics teaching in medical universities. Weakness identified by many authors that need for greater integration framework , heavy theoretical concepts of ethics , literature language , lack of time , lack of resources , lack of workshops and staff developmental activities , regular knowledge brushing , ensuring practical learning , core of learning with regular learning are noted major reasons which are factors that unpopular medical ethics in medical curricula. Present review article underlines the importance of training of bioethics and challenges in implementation in preclinical medical curricula in India.


IntroductIon Glaucoma is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and exhibits heterogeneity, polygenic inheritance, and incomplete penetrance.[1] Primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma. Although the underlying etiology of POAG is unknown, there is evidence that genetic mutations are closely associated with this disease.[2] Among myocilin (MYOC) mutations, Pro370Leu (P370L) is responsible for one of the most severe glaucoma phenotypes.[3] However, the function of MYOC protein is still not well understood.


In this paper we present a novel scenario-driven role engineering process for RBAC roles. The scenario concept is of central significance for the presented approach. Due to the strong human factor in role engineering scenarios are a good means to drive the process. We use scenarios to derive permissions and to define tasks. Our approach considers changeability issues and enables the straightforward incorporation of changes into affected models. Finally we discuss the experiences we gained by applying the scenario-driven role engineering process in three case studies.


Demand for pottery in Ghana is declining according to empirical studies and this has socio-economic implications on the potters. The perpetuation of the potter's trade is vital to maintaining and preserving humankind's culture and livelihood. This paper used qualitative and quantitative approaches to discuss the effect of the decline in pottery and its socio-economic implications on potters. The study sampled 500 practising potters from four centres in Ashanti and Bono regions of Ghana; Appiadu, Pankrono, Afari and Tanoso. Findings showed that there has been a decline on pottery in Ghana which inadvertently has socio-economic implications on the potters. The study established that there has been a decline in pottery activities. Analyses revealed that there is an appreciable socio-economic variance between potters who solely depended on pottery as opposed to others who combined it with other jobs. Location was a highly influential factor in determining the potters' economic condition (p≤0.05). The effect of the declining demand on retention was highly significant in terms of potter's willingness to quit or remain in the industry (p<0.05). The paper recommends teaching artists must intervene in developing the skills of these potters, a development of traditional in-depth design exploration through workshops.
Keywords: Pottery, socio-economic effect, pottery centres, potters, clay


An automatic switching wide-area control method for a wide-area emergency power source of an electric power system is disclosed, which comprise the steps: 1) a primary station terminal acquires wide-area state information and switch information of the electric power system; 2) the primary station terminal represents an action list of a load feeder switch of a transforming plant; 3) the primary station sends the action list of the load feeder switch; 4) a plant station terminal receives the action list of the load feeder switch; 5) the plant station terminal detects an automatic switching device (2) for the emergency power source; 6) the plant station terminal switches off circuit switches by the side of the automatic switching device for the emergency power source at first and then cuts off, according to a control instruction, the load feeder required to be cut off, and sends information to the primary station terminal (1). The control method takes the safety of equipment by the side of the distant emergency power source into consideration while controlling the emergency power source to automatically switch, which can avoid the accident of the electric power system spreading, and local small power sources are difficult to apply an interference, thus causing no accident of erroneous motion and motion denial, in addition, since the cooperative operation with a safety control device can be realized, the utilization rate of the automatic switching device for the emergency power source and the reliability of the transforming plant in supplying power can be enhanced directly.


An analytical investigation of the general flutter characteristics of periodically detuned airfoil cascades kept in periodically nonuniform basic flows is conducted under the assumption of linearized aerodynamics. The existence of certain packet flutter modes is studied, as are the specific aerodynamic modes to be used in the calculation of the aerodynamic coefficients such that the number of blade passages in the computational domain is minimized. The interpretation of the critical flutter condition for nonuniform flows is examined.


This paper presents the results both of simulation and measurement data for a RFID access system, in which, instead of using a normal directional antenna, a leakage coaxial cable is used at the reader end. For the purpose of radio channel analysis, along nine routes in the air where the RFID tags are to be placed in a corridor inside a building, data are acquired. As a result, a Log-normal model is confirmed that it is fit to such a radio channel.


Cultivation methods for clean soybean sprouts were investigated using irrigating solutions with grapefruit seed extract, chitosan and phosphate buffer. Chitosan and phosphate buffer did not inhibit the growth of soybean sprouts and increased the yield. Especially phosphate buffer was effective in yield increase and rot inhibition. As the times of irrigation with phosphate buffer increased, the yield of soybean sprouts increased up to 12.3% compared to that of the control. The high increase of yield and rot inhibition of soybean sprouts were detected even in times irrigation with phosphate buffer.


chills, nausea, and vomiting. The effects of anemia that required periodic translusions. this drug seemed somewhat analogous to the 'I'here was a gradual weight loss of 70 ib. 111 "alcohol reaction" frequently elicited in pathe spring of 1955 he developed pain in his ticnts with Hodgkin's disease, but in a more left chest, lurnbosacral area, and right hip, and severe form. Realizing that this might have roentgenograms revealed bony lesions in these been a chance occurrence in a particuhr paareas. Kadiation to these sites produced only tieIlt, %re proceeded cautiously to investigate mild relief. Because of the persistence of pain, this phenomenon in other patients with generally poor condition, and lailure to re-


Dc/dc converters are widely used today to provide power processing for applications ranging from computing and communications to medical electronics, appliance control, transportation, and highpower transmission. Therefore, dc/dc converters are one of the most important topics for power electronics engineering. This paper presents an educational graphical user interface (GUI) for simulation of various topologies of power electronic dc/dc converters. The educational GUI is developed by using the GUIDE tool of MATLAB, which acts as a front-end interface that can be used for teaching as well as learning. This package can be considered as a virtual laboratory or a useful learning tool for the power community.


Detecting pedestrians using conventional optical camera has got many problems. Itpsilas difficult to be used to detect pedestrian using only single optical camera. Detecting pedestrians in a crowded environment from other objects is a very difficult task. This paper presents a method to detect multiple pedestrians from a moving camera. The detection component involves a cascade of modules. We used a supervised self organization map neural networks as our classification mechanism. First, each frame is divided into four parts then our proposed fast BMA (block matching algorithm) is used to obtain four representative motion vectors from two consecutive input frames. Then frame differencing method, based on obtained representative motion vectors is applied to generate differenced image. Second, pedestrians are detected by the step that the differenced image is transformed into binary image, two level of noise reduction is then applied and then we used artificial neural networks as a second level of classification.


(a) All individuals who have been or are expected to be charged with violations of criminal law should be prosecuted in Article III federal courts, unless the Attorney General certifies, in cases involving recognized war crimes, that prosecution cannot take place before such courts and can be held in other regularly constituted courts in a manner that comports with fundamental notions of due process, traditional principles of the laws of war, the Geneva Conventions and the Uniform Code of Military Justice;


This article presents the results of research, that were focused on determining the optimal parameters of the extension of (reactor life-time) reactor fuel cycle in order to reduce the total operating costs of nuclear power plants during the transition from 12-month reactor fuel cycle to 18-month fuel cycle.
 The relevance of the research is related to the fact that, in recent years, there is a transition at all operating nuclear power plants VVER-1000 (1200) from 12-month reactor fuel cycle to extended 18-month fuel cycle. At the same time, represent the interests to solve the problem of conservation the extension of reactor life-time while reducing the number of loaded fuel assemblies with fresh fuel assemblies, which would reduce the total operating, and fuel costs. Search for solutions of this problem is associated with mandatory implementation of all requirements for the safe operation of the reactor and the reduction of the maximum fast neutron fluence on the reactor vessel in comparison with its value at the operating nuclear power plants.
 In the present work, with using the program PROSTOR software complex researched the neutron-physical characteristics of the core at the nominal parameters of the VVER-1200 reactor through the implementation of various fuel cycle strategies. The article developed various schemes of fuel-reloading for an 18-month fuel cycle with a different number of fuel assemblies. The article carries out a comparative analysis of the main parameters in the core for fuel-reloading schemes options of an 18- and 12-month fuel cycle with each other. Determine the minimum amount of fuel assemblies and provide the necessary duration of the reactor life-time for 18-month fuel cycle with using the extension of reactor life-time by reducing the power at the end of the reactor cycle to 70% of the nominal power. In the article, the arrangements of fuel assemblies were developed to provide limitations of local power by volume of the core, which reduce the fluence of fast neutrons on the reactor vessel in comparison with the projected value of the fluence. This article shows that the 18-month fuel cycle for the VVER-1200 reactor is more economical than the 12-month fuel cycle. These studies were carried out for the VVER-1200 reactor at the power of 100% of the nominal.


The utility model provides a mining heading face anti-collapse lifesaving passageway device which comprises at least two sections of cabin bodies and two cabin doors, wherein each section of cabin body is made of a high-strength material and is in a tubular shape with linear extension, the at least two sections of cabin bodies are sequentially connected with each other in series to form a main body of the mining heading face anti-collapse lifesaving passageway device, and the two cabin doors are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the main body, and are applicable to the movement between a closing position and an opening position. When being at the closing position, the cabin doors close the main body, and when being at the opening position, the cabin doors communicate the interior of the main body with the outside. By arranging the device close to a heading face, when accidents such as collapse suddenly occur, underground personnel in distress can quickly enter the passageway device for refuge, so as to create a safe refuge space for miners, and win valuable time for emergency rescue in mines.


The US spallation neutron source* (SNS), will require substantially higher average and pulse H" beam current than can be produced from conventional H- ion sources such as the baseline LBNL-SNS source. H- currents of 70-100 mA with an RMS emittance of 0.20-0.35 π mm mrad and a ˜7% duty-factor will be needed for the SNS power upgrade project in 2010. We are therefore investigating several advanced ion source concepts based on RF plasma excitation. First, a generalized discussion of our source development strategy is presented as well as the performance characteristics of a large-plasma-volume, external antenna source based on an AI2O3 plasma chamber. The design and results of computational modeling of a high-power version of this source featuring an AlN plasma chamber is subsequently discussed as well as a high-efficiency extraction system necessary for high- current operation.


According to Gibrat's law, growth rate of the firm is independent of firm's size. This paper empirically tests Gibrat's law on the panel data of Croatian firms during the period from 2006 to 2015. Moreover, we test for any structural differences between full sample and subsample of firms, the subsample comprising the firms that are registered in at least one of the five Slavonian counties. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of taking into consideration regions within countries when testing the Law. Our data comes from Bureau Van Dijk's Amadeus database and originally included more than 80, 000 firms. We use panel data analysis to disentangle effects of various firm-level variables on the growth rate of the firms. We use sales of the firm and the number of employees as proxies for the size of the firm. Moreover, we include variables such as the age of the firm, growth opportunities (proxied by ratio of intangible fixed asset to total fixed asset) and solvency ratio, in order to control for variables other than the size that affect the growth rate of the firm. Simple statistics showed that average growth rate of the small firms is almost 2 p.p. higher than the one for medium and large firms, econometric model (fixed effects (FE) model) showed that there exists statistically significant negative connection between size of the firms and their respective growth rates. That is, we reject Gibrat's law for the case of Croatian firms in general. Econometric analysis on subsample of firms from Eastern Croatia showed similar results (size of coefficients and significance) for all variables except the age of the firm. We find that there exist significant structural difference in "age of the firm-growth rate" link between firms in Eastern Croatia as opposed to of the rest of the firms in Croatia. While age of the firm is not significant at all when we estimate the FE model on the whole sample, it is highly significant and positive for the firms in Eastern Croatia. We offer several explanations for that puzzling finding.


As the modern energy system transitions towards a cleaner one, the penetration of converter-interfaced distributed resources is increased, resulting in the lack of inertia and damping. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control enables these resources to provide inertial support by simulating the characteristics of the synchronous generation. However, the inertia requirements evaluation of the system becomes critical yet challenging for the operator due to the uneven distribution of inertia. The inertia parameter of VSG control is difficult to be adjusted appropriately. Also, the regulation requirements of the system, including the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and nadir limits, tend to be ignored in the inertia adjustment process. In this paper, we propose a minimum system inertia estimation model considering the distribution characteristics of system inertia and establish the relationship between the frequency nadir and the control parameters. Also, we design an inertia adjustment method based on the RBF neural network. Significantly, the index constraints of the system are integrated into the inertia adjustment process. A case study on IEEE 9 bus system illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The present invention relates to renewable energy technologies, and particularly relates to a method for automotive energy storage system using solar energy. In accordance with the use of solar energy storage system according to the present invention automobile comprising: a solar cell; a main storage unit; sub storage unit; and a charging means, connected between said solar cell unit and the main storage unit, and the between the solar cell and the storage sub-unit, wherein, under control of the charging unit, the solar cell can be charged to the main storage unit and the storage sub-unit and the sub storage unit can charge the main storage unit. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solar energy is stored in the main storage unit and the auxiliary storage unit, thus greatly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. Moreover, the excess solar energy stored in the main storage unit can also avoid the phenomenon of lack of electricity after the long-term car idle.


Set against the cultural and political backdrop of interwar Europe and the Americas, Poetry in Pieces is the first major study of the Peruvian poet Cesar Vallejo (1892–1938) to appear in English in more than thirty years. Vallejo lived and wrote in two distinct settings—Peru and Paris —which were continually crisscrossed by new developments in aesthetics, politics, and practices of everyday life; his poetry and prose therefore need to be read in connection with modernity in all its forms and spaces. Michelle Clayton combines close readings of Vallejo's writings with cultural, historical, and theoretical analysis, connecting Vallejo—and Latin American poetry—to the broader panorama of international modernism and the avant-garde, and to writers and artists such as Rainer Maria Rilke, James Joyce, Georges Bataille, and Charlie Chaplin. Poetry in Piecessheds new light on one of the key figures in twentieth-century Latin American literature, while exploring ways of rethinking the parameters of international lyric modernity. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse


This article examines the questions of ethnicity, territoriality and history in Kerala through an examination of two interrelated themes: the emergent print media and its uses, and the problem of language. By looking at examples of primarily two different kinds of prose writing that became available in this period—religious tracts and literary journals (with some references to the more explicitly literary genres like the novel and the short story)—it addresses the problem of identity that underlies the changes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the differential claims that groups made on the public sphere


Recommended Citation Capone C, Subramony A, Sweberg T, Schneider J, Shah S, Rubin L, Schleien C, Epstein S, Johnson J, Kessel A, Misra N, Mitchell E, Palumbo N, Rajan S, Rocker J, Williamson K, Davidson K. Characteristics, Cardiac involvement, and Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Disease of Childhood (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.. . 2020 Jan 01; 224():Article 6420 [ p.]. Available from: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles/6420. Free full text article.


Continuous disclosure, and the prohibition against misleading or deceptive conduct in relation to financial products or financial services, are fundamental to the integrity of the Australian securities market and are some of the main ingredients for investor protection.


Based on the requirements for internal quality assurance in our private practice a model for quality management was implemented. Using such a quality management system (QM-system) resulted in a systematic optimization and higher quality of operating procedures in all work areas. The realization of the new QM-system led to a higher transparency, improved economical efficiency, and an increase in personal motivation. Internal frictional losses could be effectively reduced saving time and money. The efforts in time, costs and personal resources during implementation of the QM-system, which had been considered as downsides in the beginning


There have been several favourable reports from Europe of the efficacy of nasal inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of hay fever,1'2 perennial allergic rhinitis in children3 and adults,4'5 and nasal polyps in adults.6 It has the advantage of not causing adrenal suppression.1'4'7 We conducted a double-blind crossover trial of therapy with beclomethasone dipropionate, using Beconase inhalers (Glaxo [Canada] Ltd., Toronto).


The model operas(yangban xi) has become to a mass consumptive hotspot in our entertainment and literary activities.It is of theoretic and practical importance to wonder the reason why the model operas are still popular in the days 20 years after the Cultural Revolution.This paper tries to reveal the hidden reason by concentrating on the linguistic manner of the model operas.The characterological,straightaway and philosophic language used in the model operas,and the standardization and linguistic Drama-Poetry the languages possessed of,are mainly discussed in this paper.


We present the state of the art in the area of modal transmission used to reduce echo and internal crosstalk in a multichannel link using an untransposed multiconductor interconnection. We emphasize the difference between this approach and the more general concept of internal crosstalk cancellation. We also show how modal signaling can be extended to a category of nonuniform interconnections and how external crosstalk can be reduced in a modal transmission scheme.


Among high power conversion systems, several power modules are often connected in parallel, and ideally should be operated synchronously during their switching. Actually, current imbalances occur due to an asymmetry of current paths on busbars connecting these power modules. This paper deals with the problem of current imbalances between paralleled power modules. First, the general occurrence of imbalanced currents is demonstrated. Next, an original design technique for current equalization in a very thin power conversion unit is presented. Finally, the validity of this proposed principle is shown in simulated results.


Mobile technology is a recent research interest in HCI community; nevertheless, this novel technology poses new ethical issues. The technology allows researchers to employ various research practices, as well as to carry out remote research in a large scale; however, it also allows the access to user's personal information which can reveal their identity without user's awareness. In 2013, an ethical guideline was proposed by McMillan et. al [1], to tackle these ethical loopholes. However, the understanding how different research practices are accepted by users is lacking. In addition, what factors influence user's willingness to participate and to share their information in research is not much known. This paper surveyed user acceptance towards current mobile HCI research practices and factors influencing the willingness to participate and to share information in research. The results indicates that being informed of what data would be collected is the most crucial factor to the acceptability of research practices. It also has strong influence on the decision to participate in research.


We propose a new partition rule for DPLL-based SAT Solvers. Most of the complete SAT solvers usually are based on Davis, Logemann and Loveland (DPLL) rules. One most DPLL rule actually used in the modern algorithms is the Classical Partition Rule (CPR), that divides the problem into sub-problems (resolvents) and thereby it finds a solution through a decision tree. In this paper a new partition rule named Multiple Partition Rule (MPR) is presented. MPR generates a new decision tree according to clauses instead CPR which generates a decision tree according to variables. MPR can be used for developing new SAT's algorithms and to improve existence ones that use CPR. Experimental results comparing MPR versus CPR show that using MPR makes more efficient solutions than CPR.


People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been participants in clinical trials over many years, enabling the development and approval of many treatments for relapsing-remitting MS. Today, people with MS expect to be active collaborators in clinical trials and throughout the research and development process. Researchers and clinicians can benefit from including people with MS in all aspects of research and trials, and are urged to do so, so that we can move forward more quickly in developing needed treatments for progressive MS.


AbstractMechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol–steel hybrid fiber–reinforced engineered cementitious composite (ECC) with a high-strength cement matrix are experimentally investigated in this p...


A system for scintillations from nuclear events ha.s been developed and is presently in use at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. This paper primarily describes the pulsed light source used to simulate nuclear events; it also describes the necessary nanosecond pulse techniques to measure the light source parameters and to operate large numbers of lamps. The pulsed light source uses field-emitted elE;!ctrons to initiate a discharge in hydrogen. The light pulse lasts about 2 nsec and rises in about 1 nsec. Pubie shape of the light is measured by using sampling techniques. The light intensity and the spectral characteristic are both given. Considerations concerning distribution networks are shown. Use of the light source as a spark gap trigger is also discussed .


ABSTRACT Previously, a modified HIV Env protein with a heterologous membrane anchor was found to be incorporated into HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) at 10-fold-higher levels than those of unmodified Env. To further improve the immunogenicity of such VLPs, membrane-anchored forms of bacterial flagellin (FliC) or a flagellin with a truncated variable region (tFliC) were constructed to be incorporated into the VLPs as adjuvants. HIV-specific immune responses induced by the resulting VLPs were determined in a guinea pig model. The VLPs induce enhanced systemic antibody responses by either systemic or mucosal vaccination and enhanced mucosal immunity by a mucosal immunization route, as demonstrated by high levels of HIV-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgG and IgA. The quality of the antibody responses was also improved, as shown by enhanced neutralization capacity. VLPs incorporating FliC were more effective in inducing systemic responses, while VLPs containing tFliC were more effective in inducing mucosal IgA responses. The IgG titers in sera were found to last for at least 5 months without a significant drop. These results indicate that HIV VLPs incorporating high levels of Env and a molecular adjuvant have excellent potential for further development as a prophylactic HIV vaccine. IMPORTANCE A prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed to control the spread of HIV/AIDS. Antigens inducing strong systemic and mucosal immune responses are promising as vaccines for this mucosally transmitted disease. We found that novel HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) presenting a high level of Env in its native membrane-bound form and coincorporating an innate immune-signaling adjuvant in the same particles were effective in inducing enhanced systemic and mucosal immunity. As new HIV vaccine candidates, these VLPs bridge the gaps of the innate and adaptive, as well as systemic and mucosal, immune responses, providing a new approach for HIV vaccine development. A prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed to control the spread of HIV/AIDS. Antigens inducing strong systemic and mucosal immune responses are promising as vaccines for this mucosally transmitted disease. We found that novel HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) presenting a high level of Env in its native membrane-bound form and coincorporating an innate immune-signaling adjuvant in the same particles were effective in inducing enhanced systemic and mucosal immunity. As new HIV vaccine candidates, these VLPs bridge the gaps of the innate and adaptive, as well as systemic and mucosal, immune responses, providing a new approach for HIV vaccine development.


Communication using electromagnetic waves in radio frequencies requires certain stability parameters. In cognitive radio based vehicular cyber physical networks spectrum mobility without the loss of an on-going data conversation can be a challenging task. We present an approach to solving this complex problem by introducing fear emotion in the spectrum shifter module of the cognitive radio site (CR-Site). A probabilistic deterministic finite automaton using the fear factor has been proposed to perform efficient spectrum mobility based on actual measured signal strengths of different GSM service providers in a case study along a busy road. We have employed Fuzzy logic to quantify fear. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed fear-inspired spectrum mobility scheme in cognitive radio high speed vehicular networks.


Based on research means of reference materials,field survey,logical deduction,induction,etc.,this paper intends to discuss the features of ethnic traditional sports and the functions of athletic culture of community.Concentrating on the existing issues of the construction of athletic culture of the community,it explains the construction and perspective for the trinitarian of the ethnic traditional sports,athletic culture of community and the harmonious society.


Congenital dislocation of the radial head is a rare condition. We experienced a case of the bilateral dislocation which was first deagnosed at an advanced age. The patient had been engaged in manual labor and had had no subjective symptoms, After a contusion, he complained of unilateral elbow pain and impaired range of motion. Radial head excision was performed on the elbow and eventually he was able to return to work.


The invention relates to a cast-in situ bored pile post-inserted steel reinforcement cage multi-point delivery device and a use method and belongs to the technical field of cast-in situ bored pile forming equipment applied to constructional engineering foundation construction. By the use of the cast-in situ bored pile post-inserted steel reinforcement cage multi-point delivery device and the use method, problems of bend deformation and damage and incapability of sinking to a preset depth during steel reinforcement cage sinking upon pre-cast in situ bored pile post-inserted steel reinforced cage construction can be solved. The delivery device comprises a conversion disc, a casting rod, an intermediate-low frequency vibrator, a steel loop and at least one multi-point vibrating device, wherein the multi-point vibrating device comprises an L-shaped reinforcing steel bar and a sleeve; and the delivery device further comprises a pile shoe in a circular frustum-shaped framework structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part and formed by a top ring plate, an inclined support and a base ring plate. The use method of the cast-in situ bored pile post-inserted steel reinforcement cage multi-point delivery device comprises the following steps of drilling a hole, casting concrete into the hole, installing the delivery device on the steel reinforced cage, hoisting the steel reinforced cage, vibrating the whole steel reinforced cage by a vibrator to a preset position after the steel reinforced cage sinking due to self-gravity, and extracting the casting rod.


Objectives To explore optimal infant feeding and care practices and their drivers within the British-Bangladeshi population of East London, UK, as an exemplar to inform development of a tailored, coadapted participatory community intervention. Design Qualitative community-based participatory research. Setting Community and children's centres and National Health Service settings within Tower Hamlets, London, UK. Participants 141 participants completed the community study including: British-Bangladeshi mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers of infants and young children aged 6–23 months, key informants and lay community members from the British-Bangladeshi population of Tower Hamlets, and health professionals working in Tower Hamlets. Results 141 participants from all settings and generations identified several infant feeding and care practices and wider socioecological factors that could be targeted to optimise nutritional outcomes. Our modifiable infant feeding and care practices were highlighted: untimely introduction of semi and solid foods, overfeeding, prolonged parent-led feeding and feeding to 'fill the belly'. Wider socioecological determinants were highlighted, categorised here as: (1) society and culture (e.g. equating 'chubby baby' to healthy baby), (2) physical and local environment (e.g. fast food outlets, advertising) and (3) information and awareness (e.g. communication with healthcare professionals around cultural norms). Conclusions Parenting interventions should be codeveloped with communities and tailored to recognise and take account of social and cultural norms and influence from different generations that inform infant feeding and care practices and may be of particular importance for infants from ethnically diverse communities. In addition, UK infant feeding environment requires better regulation of marketing of foods for infants and young children if it is to optimise nutrition in the early years.


The feeding ecology of benthic fishes was examined in a low-gradient warm-water stream in the upper Ohio River basin to determine (1) the degree of dietary similarity among predaceous fishes; (2) the dietary response of fishes to variable prey abundance (temporal and spatial), and (3) the dietary response of fishes to varying numbers of potential interspecific competitors. Eight species of benthic fishes (Cottus bairdi, Etheostoma blennioides, E. caeruleum, E. flabellare, E. maculatum, E. variatum, E. zonale and Noturus flavus) and their associated potential benthic invertebrate prey complex were sampled at nine riffle stations along a longitudinal gradient in French Creek, New York, on seven biweekly dates during summer 1980. The distribution pattern of fishes was longitudinal; species additions occurred at successive downstream sampling stations. The density of the benthic macroinvertebrate prey complex varied more through ti-me than space due to a midsummer peak in invertebrate populations. However, diversity varied more through space than time due to a direct correspondence with longitudinal position and with predator diversity. Predaceous benthic fishes gave no evidence of resource partitioning by prey type either during the period of lowest prey densities or because of increased numbers of potential competitors. Instead, they had the greatest diet breadth when prey densities were highest.


This paper shows the research on the experiments of recovering lead and zinc with flotation technology from a lead-zinc mine in Sichuan Province,which adopted the lead-zinc selective flotation flowsheet and got the results that 61.42% of lead included in the lead concentrate with a recovery of 88.25% and 51.97% of zinc included in the zinc concentrate with a recovery of 90.70%.


The project aims to design a model of launching out aircrafts on the carriers based on Petri net of workflow net, the preparation of workflow net will be divided into the following parts: activities closely associated with the taking off and landing of the aircrafts; activities about the aircrafts on board; activities about the aircrafts entering hangar. When one aircraft lands on the aircraft carrier, the token of this aircraft will go into the workflow net via place C1, thus sets the net to work. Every token will choose different directions according to the order of the carrier control center, and demonstrate to the aircraft preparatory work. After the aircraft takes off to fight, the whole procedure is end.


Life is lipids. The author leaves us in no doubt about that. Lipids form bilayers, bilayers form membranes, membranes compartmentalize organisms. Life—as a Matter of Fat covers lipids in all their glory: what they are, what they form and when and why, how they function, how they help other biological molecules to function. The book is a compact survey on all aspects of lipid and membrane physics, of which the author is an expert, being the director of the MEMPHYS research center in Odense, Denmark. The book is partitioned into three main parts: molecular properties of liquids, physics of biomembranes, and function and transformation of biological membranes. These are my prosaic substitutes for Mouritsen's much more literary, but sometimes less informative, chapter and section titles: the overlooked molecules, lipids make sense, lipids in action. The text proper contains 220 pages; there is a long list of references, most of them less than 10 years old; and there is an extensive index. The sources for the figures are collected at the end of the book, so they do not clutter the figure captions. There is a lot of information in this book. The material is didactically organized, well supported by an abundance of figures, and there is very little mathematics. The complicated matter is, thus, presented in a very accessible way. It is palatable also to the beginner and the nonphysicist. On the other hand, this limits much of the book to qualitative aspects, to verbal and pictorial descriptions. The author also takes peripheral aspects in his stride when the lipids must be put in a context. If necessary, he goes as far as to explain what a physical model is and what a phase transition is. Detailed didactic presentation, a figure on every other page, a long index: How do they go together with the compactness of this monograph? As one might guess, the compromise is the selection of material for the book. The collection of information is sometimes systematic, sometimes it appears to be anecdotal. The biochemistry of cholesterol synthesis is covered, the synthesis of phospholipids is not. The lipid composition of the


Dental root caries is a common disease among elders. More efforts on preventing this disease are needed. Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is known to be able to prevent dental caries in primary teeth. However, clinical evidence of its efficacy in preventing root surface caries is limited. This clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of SDF in preventing root caries among elders in a water fluoridated area. A total of 323 elders who had at least five teeth with exposed root surfaces and had self-care ability were randomly allocated into 3 intervention groups as follows: Gp1 (placebo control) – annual application of tonic water; Gp2 – annual application of SDF solution; Gp3 – annual application of SDF solution immediately followed by potassium iodide (KI) solution. Oral hygiene instructions and fluoride toothpaste were provided to all subjects. Status of dental root surface was assessed every 6 months by the same independent examiner. After 30 months, 257 (79.6%) elders were reviewed. The mean numbers of root surface with new caries experience in the control, SDF, and SDF/KI groups were 1.1, 0.4, and 0.5 respectively (ANOVA, p<0.001). Scheffe's multiple comparison showed that elders who received placebo developed more new root caries lesions (p<0.05) while the difference between the SDF and SDF/KI groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Moreover, elders who had higher visible plaque index scores at 30-month examination (ANCOVA, p<0.001) and those who had higher baseline DMFT scores (ANCOVA, p=0.005) developed more new root caries. It is concluded that annual application of SDF or SDF/KI solution is effective in preventing root caries among community-dwelling elders in a fluoridated area. (Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02360124)


Background Knowledge-based clinical decision support system (KB-CDSS) can be used to help practitioners make diagnostic decisions. KB-CDSS may use clinical knowledge obtained from a wide variety of sources to make decisions. However, knowledge acquisition is one of the well-known bottlenecks in KB-CDSSs, partly because of the enormous growth in health-related knowledge available and the difficulty in assessing the quality of this knowledge as well as identifying the "best" knowledge to use. This bottleneck not only means that lower-quality knowledge is being used, but also that KB-CDSSs are difficult to develop for areas where expert knowledge may be limited or unavailable. Recent methods have been developed by utilizing Semantic Web (SW) technologies in order to automatically discover relevant knowledge from knowledge sources. Objective The two main objectives of this study were to (1) identify and categorize knowledge acquisition issues that have been addressed through using SW technologies and (2) highlight the role of SW for acquiring knowledge used in the KB-CDSS. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the recent work related to knowledge acquisition MeM for clinical decision support systems published in scientific journals. In this regard, we used the keyword search technique to extract relevant papers. Results The retrieved papers were categorized based on two main issues: (1) format and data heterogeneity and (2) lack of semantic analysis. Most existing approaches will be discussed under these categories. A total of 27 papers were reviewed in this study. Conclusions The potential for using SW technology in KB-CDSS has only been considered to a minor extent so far despite its promise. This review identifies some questions and issues regarding use of SW technology for extracting relevant knowledge for a KB-CDSS.


Abstract : This paper looks at several issues that will face the Army Chaplaincy in the future. It deals with concepts and ideas that flow from the ideas arising from the discussion about the Army After Next. Issues discussed in this paper included mission, training and strategic development of the Chaplain Corps. Like the rest of the Army, the Chaplaincy will face many challenges in the future. In order to meet these challenges the Chaplaincy will deal with several issues. It will be one that will require its chaplains to train more at home station and to use all available resources. Chaplains will need strong mentorship from Senior Chaplains. It will require Senior Chaplains to become more involved in Force Structure. Soldiers and families will need the services of Chaplains more in the future then ever before. They will need them to help in communication skills. Units will need the Chaplains to help in the area interpersonal relationships and team building. Chaplains will identify with their organizations and will not go purple but will use the opportunity when possible to do joint training.


In order to assess the influence of altitudinal gradients on the spectral reflectance of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis which are two dominant conifers in Changbai Mountain,we measured the spectral reflectance of their needles at different altitudinal study sites,using a spectral analysis system in 2008(Unispec-SC spectral analysis system).Samples were chosen in three altitudinal sites(748 m,1040 m and 1279 m,respectively) to represent the variability of spectral reflectance in our study.Six trees were selected for each studied species in each study site.Measurements were performed at noon during sunny day.Before we assessed the variation of the spectral reflectance,ordinary methods measuring the pigment contents were adopted to examine the correlations between pigment contents and spectral indices.And spectrophotometer was used to analyze the pigment concentrations.Most of the spectral indices were significantly correlated with pigment concentration at the 0.05 level.We compared the characters of spectral reflectance and spectral indices among study sites.The ratios of spectral reflectance for each wavelength were calculated.Spectral indices for each species,including three indices for chlorophyll and two for carotenoid and two for Car∶Chl,were analyzed subsequently.To quantify relationships between spectral reflectance and altitudes,Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed for altitudinal gradients and specific wavelength.The results showed that there were significant differences in the spectral reflectance among different altitudinal sites.Strong correlations were found between elevation and wavelength in visible and near infrared regions.Spectral indices also showed significant variations with altitude increase.Maybe this means the changes of physiological conditions.The chlorophyll content decreased and the carotenoid content per unit chlorophyll concentration(Car∶Chl) increased with the increasing of the altitude.Lower total pigment concentration of P.koraiensis and A.nephrolepis occurred at medium altitudinal site(i.e,1040 m).Both studied species,P.koraiensis and A.nephrolepis,showed the highest total pigment content at higher altitudinal site(i.e,1279 m).Significant differences among altitudinal sites were found for every studied species.Strong correlations occurred in most of waveband,although there were obviously differences between two studied species.Chlorophyll indices indicated that the highest chlorophyll content of P.koraiensis and A.nephrolepis occurred in lower altitudinal site(i.e,748 m).The highest Car∶Chl in needles of A.nephrolepis occurred was in medium elevation(1040 m) in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest and spruce-fir mixed forest.These indicated P.koraiensis and A.nephrolepis in 748 m confronted lower stress,and A.nephrolepis confronted the highest stress in 1040 m among three gradients.Spectral reflectance curve and spectral indices varied with the elevation.It suggested that the physiological status of P.koraiensis and A.nephrolepis changed.But there was no significant difference in spectral characters between medium elevation(1040 m) and higher elevation(1279 m) in P.koraiensis.This may be attributed to the variations of special character of ecotone.Trees always showed higher chlorophyll concentration in their dominant distribution regions,thus the dominant distribution region of P.koraiensis was probably lower than 1040 m.


1. The missing term in the equation 2. Detecting channels 3. Election news and angry viewers 4. Excavating concealed tradeoffs 5. Soviet television - Russian memories 6. Endings 7. The other side of the screen.


Short and long sleep duration are associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in Australian adults', Abstract A growing number of studies from a range of different countries have observed an association between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this paper was to examine the associations between sleep duration and prevalent cardiovascular disease in a large sample of Australian adults, and identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors moderating these associations. Participants included 218 155 Australian adults aged 45 years and over. The results indicated that 6 h versus 7 h sleep was associated with increased odds of heart disease [odds ratio (OR) = 1. Some of these relationships varied by age, and were not evident in adults aged 75 years and over. The magnitude of some associations varied significantly by body mass index, smoking and physical activity. These findings provide further insight into the nature of the relationship between sleep and cardiovascular health. Title: Short and long sleep duration are associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in Australian adults. Number of references: 29 2 Summary A growing number of studies from a range of different countries have observed an association between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this paper was to examine the associations between sleep duration and prevalent cardiovascular disease in a large sample of Australian adults, and identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors moderating these associations. Participants included 218 155 Australian adults aged 45 years and over. The results indicated that 6 h versus 7 h sleep was associated with increased odds of heart disease compared to 7 h sleep. Some of these relationships varied by age, and were not evident in adults aged 75 years and over. The magnitude of some associations varied significantly by body mass index, smoking and physical activity. These findings provide further insight into the nature of the relationship between sleep and cardiovascular health.


Assumptions used by investors when determining the value of an asset portfolio may result in large discrepancies. Creating a portfolio of assets must be linked to some measure of value, and this value was driven by the long-term cash flow ability of the assets. One of the most influential economic theories is the modern portfolio theory (MPT) with a consideration to maximising discounted or expected returns. This approach is similar to revenue management, with a goal of optimising goods at different prices, points in time or baskets of features. This paper suggests portfolio management is an alternative approach to revenue management emphasising risk minimisation, revenue maximisation and stakeholder's value. The proposed revenue maximisation strategy considers segmentation of the equity value for 18 restaurant companies. Values were compared to current market values, with two portfolios created. Results indicated 10% revenue return and when growth sensitivity was considered, there was a significant difference between the two portfolio returns.


The space weather discipline involves different physical scenarios, which are characterised by very different physical conditions, ranging from the Sun to the terrestrial magnetosphere and ionosphere. Thanks to the great modelling effort made during the last years, a few Sun-to-ionosphere/thermosphere physics-based numerical codes have been developed. However, the success of the prediction is still far from achieving the desirable results and much more progress is needed. Some aspects involved in this progress concern both the technical progress (developing and validating tools to forecast, selecting the optimal parameters as inputs for the tools, improving accuracy in prediction with short lead time, etc.) and the scientific development, i.e., deeper understanding of the energy transfer process from the solar wind to the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system. The purpose of this paper is to collect the most relevant results related to these topics obtained during the COST Action ES0803. In an end-to-end forecasting scheme that uses an artificial neural network, we show that the forecasting results improve when gathering certain parameters, such as X-ray solar flares, Type II and/or Type IV radio emission and solar energetic particles enhancements as inputs for the algorithm. Regarding the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction topic, the geomagnetic responses at high and low latitudes are considered separately. At low latitudes, we present new insights into temporal evolution of the ring current, as seen by Burton's equation, in both main and recovery phases of the storm. At high latitudes, the PCC index appears as an achievement in modelling the coupling between the upper atmosphere and the solar wind, with a great potential for forecasting purposes. We also address the important role of small-scale field-aligned currents in Joule heating of the ionosphere even under non-disturbed conditions. Our scientific results in the framework of the COST Action ES0803 cover the topics from the short-term solar-activity evolution, i.e., space weather, to the long-term evolution of relevant solar/heliospheric/magnetospheric parameters, i.e., space climate. On the timescales of the Hale and Gleissberg cycles (22- and 88-year cycle respectively) we can highlight that the trend of solar, heliospheric and geomagnetic parameters shows the solar origin of the widely discussed increase in geomagnetic activity in the last century.


Abstract Reactions of cadmium(II) salts with 3-amino-5-methylthio-1H-1,2,4-triazole (Hamstz) afforded two cadmium(II) coordination polymers, [Cd2(amstz)2Cl2]n (1) and [Cd2(amstz)2(NO3)2]n (2). Compounds 1 and 2 feature 2-D layered structures based on the dinuclear [Cd2(amstz)2] subunits. The cadmium coordination polyhedra are tetrahedral and tetragonal pyramidal in 1 and 2, respectively, due to the presence of different coordinated anions, Cl− and NO3−. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit photoluminescence emission with maxima at 620 and 621 nm upon excitation at 470 and 472 nm, respectively, which can be attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer emssion.


In order to understand the regularity of citation on papers in Journal of Agricultural Univer- sity of Hebei,the author makes an analysis on the citation number,citation frequency,years,kinds of languages,types,half life period,price index.These papers have been published from 2004 to 2007. The result shows that the journal enjoys a higher citation number,with novelty citation and timeliness citation.Therefore,this journal is a core periodical that can reflects the progress in its subjects.


In this article we construct and analyse the performance of various combinations of high order edge elements for the transverse field component with high order node elements for the longitudinal field component. The overall efficiency and mode resolution improve dramatically with high order elements. For example, quadratic/cubic elements provide accuracy of 10−4 in eigenvalue 1000 times faster and resolve the discontinuities in the field very accurately. In the mixed FEM for waveguides we observed that edge elements may produce spurious modes. When the order of the edge elements is equal or larger than the order of the node elements, spurious and degenerate modes are present. Any other combination of the orders did not produce spurious modes. We study the spurious modes from the divergence point of view. We also study the convergence properties of high order elements and compare the results with the theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


After having briefly recalled the principles and methods on which the theory of scale relativity is founded, we apply our scale-covariant methods to the problem of recovering relativistic quantum mechanics. The withdrawal of the hypothesis of differentiability of space-time leads to the demonstration of the divergence of spacetime coordinates in terms of resolutions, then to the definition of scale-covariant derivatives that transform the free particle classical equation into the Klein-Gordon equation, including electromagnetic potentials. Our suggestion of a generalization of the dilation laws to a Lorentzian form at high energies and its consequence for the generation of elementary particle masses is reminded. We conclude by new theoretical predictions, concerning in particular the W/Z boson mass ratio, which we expect to be √(10/13).


Physiological responses and soil water balance of clonal Eucalyptus under contrasting spacings and genotypes Planting density and genotype have close relationship with the water relations in plants. The scenario of increased occurrence of extreme weather events and the change of Eucalyptus forest plantations to high water deficit regions, led us to the three key questions of this study: (1) What is the relationship between planting density and the potential water stress? (2) The planting spacing interferes the water use efficiency (WUE), i.e. the amount of biomass produced by the amount of water transpired? (3) Can the planting density change the soil water balance (BHS)? To develop this work, we settled a field trial in Mogi Guacu, SP, in February 2012. We planted four genetic material (Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla1 {Urograndis1}, Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla2, E.urophylla and E.grandis x E.camaldulensis {Grancam}) with different levels of tolerance to drought and four planting spacings (3.4, 7.0, 10.5 and 16.9 m2 plant, which correspond to densities of 2,949 , 1,424 and 1,028 and 591 plants ha). In Chapter 1, we evaluated the leaf water potential (representing potential water stress) of the four clones for 1 year, between 1.5 and 2.5 years. Regardless of the genetic material, the higher the wood productivity, the greater the leaf water potential. The denser planting (2,949 plants ha) stands generated 39% more wood, however, water stress potential reached up to 33% higher than the least dense planting (591 plants ha). In the second chapter, during the same period, we evaluated the efficiency of water use, which did not vary according to the change of planting density, but showed differences between genotypes with US 2.3, 2.2 and 1, 5 g L to Urograndis, Urophylla and Grancam, respectively, at a density of 1,424 plants ha. Finally, the third chapter evaluated for two years, between 1.7 and 3.7 years, transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es) and canopy interception (Ei), which together made up evapotranspiration (ET). Subtraction of precipitation (P) per ET resulted in soil water balance (SWB). The SWB was positive or near zero for the two clones evaluated (Urograndis1 and Grancam) when planting density was less than or equal to 1,028 trees ha. In the denser planting, the balance was -25%. These studies show that: a higher wood growth results in a higher potential drought stress, generating a clear trade-off between production and survival of trees. However, the detailed study of genetic materials fall under that there are increasing opportunities in water use efficiency, though without the increase in water use, bringing a greater share of water in the watershed scale. Finally, plantations above 1,028 ha trees resulted in a negative soil water balance of -25% at the peak of growth. Together, this study reveals that spacing associated with genotypes can serve as tools in the search for balance between timber production and conservation of natural resources.


By green maritime logistics we mean achieving an acceptable environmental performance of the maritime transport logistical supply chain while at the same time respecting traditional economic criteria. In this paper the environmental focus is on maritime emissions. Achieving such goal may involve several trade-offs, and win-win solutions are typically sought. However, finding these solutions may be more difficult than may appear at first glance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the challenges of green maritime logistics and present some examples, both for greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG emissions.


High efficiency solar cells on ultralightweight Ti substrates can be utilized for novel terrestrial and space applications. Large-area sputtering systems and selenization/sulfurization facility have been constructed and installed for development of large (15 cm /spl times/ 10 cm) CIGS2 thin-film solar cells for terrestrial and space applications. The primary focus of this research was to fabricate thin film solar cells on insulating, ultralightweight SiO/sub 2/ coated Ti foil substrate to increase its specific power for space applications. Leveling capability of sol-gel SiO/sub 2/ layers onto titanium foil substrate was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and profilometer roughness measurements. Results of planarization of Ti foil substrates using SiO/sub 2/ coating, sputtering system design upgrade and thickness uniformity of thin films deposited over large area by DC and RF magnetron sputtering sources are presented.


The U.S. Supreme Court's most recent pronouncement on abortion rights resembles the dieter's dilemma: one knows exactly how to get where one is going but lacks the willpower to follow through. In an opinion filled with exceptionally progressive, equality-based arguments for reproductive freedom, the Court nonetheless manages to back away from its own ineluctably drawn conclusions. In the end it not only ignores its own best arguments but eviscerates its previous analyses of fundamental rights and judicial protection of personal liberties from the excesses of the polity.


We derive an analytic expression describing the intensity and field frequency dependence of photorefractive gain in two-beam coupling under an alternating square-wave electric field. We determine the frequency and intensity ranges over which the gain is maximum and time independent. Experimental results for Bi(12)GeO(20) crystals are presented.


BACKGROUND
Genital human papillomaviruses (HPV) include >40 sexually transmitted viruses. Most HPV infections do not progress to disease, but infection with certain types of HPV can cause cervical and other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer, and other types of HPV are associated with anogenital warts. HPV vaccines prevent infection with HPV 16 and 18, which account for 70% of cases of cervical cancer, and HPV 6 and 11, which cause 90% of the cases of anogenital warts.

METHODS
Using data and self-collected cervicovaginal specimens from 4150 females, 14-59 years of age, from consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003-2006), we estimated the prevalence of type-specific HPV DNA and examined sociodemographic and sexual determinants.

RESULTS
The overall prevalence of HPV was 42.5% in females 14-59 years of age and varied significantly by age, race or ethnicity, and number of sex partners. Individual type prevalence was less than 7%, ranging from <0.5% through 6.5%. The most common type was nononcogenic HPV 62 (found in 6.5% of subjects), followed by HPV 53 and HPV 16 (4.7%), both of which are oncogenic types. The most prevalent species was nononcogenic α3.

CONCLUSIONS
HPV infection is common among US females, with the highest burden of infection found in young females 20-24 years of age. Monitoring trends in HPV type distribution will contribute to our understanding of the early impact of HPV vaccines.


Part One Entropy and the magic flute The perversion of J. Willard Gibbs, les Atomes, Triscentennial, Albertus Magnus, Fundamental laws of nature Part Two jesus, Moses, Aristotle, and Laboratory Animals Tubes Humans, animals, and physicians' waiting rooms The oath Autism and authority the missing volumes he smoking gun Part Three Just say no The fromagification of America Killer cheese a bioenergeticist's revenge A two-coffee culture Deliver us Part Four Roots of a American tail Justice The sidewalks of New York Brighten the corner where you are Nixon and thermodynamics George Mason, one of our really great men Part Five Koobi Fora Clitoridectomy Mammals I have known Daibutsu and Descartes Taitami taxonomy Madan Pele The sociology of Palo Alto coffee shops Part Six Dirty Neoplatonists Quadrivial pursuits Twenty books clad in black and red The litmus test Expertise The afternoon session Literati Potlatch Part Seven What is Life? Brekekekex A rose by any other name.


Since its publication in 2016, the Swedish systematic literature review of traumatic shaking (1) has attracted a number of critical comments (2-5). In one of the more comprehensive criticisms, parallels were drawn regarding the consequences, between the Swedish report and a study by Dr Andrew Wakefield published in The Lancet in 1998 (6,7). Wakefield and his 12 coauthors suggested that in eight out of twelve cases the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination caused chronic enterocolitis, leading in turn to regressive autism (6,7). The Lancet retracted the Wakefield paper twelve years later when it became clear that the study cases were highly selected, that the observations of signs and symptoms were severely biased - if not fabricated - and finally that the study had violated research ethical standards (7,8).