Investigation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was carried out by using multiple strata proto-biofilm on PVA-PAA (Polyvinyl-alcohol-Poly-acryl-acid) copolymer in a continuously stirred, laboratory-scale reactor. The influent wastewater was originated from a largescale wastewater treatment plant, South-Pest WWTP. The hydraulic residence time was between 8-12 h. In the course of the experiments we maintained 0.2-2 mgO2/l dissolved oxygen level, the temperature were between 15-22 C°. The average ammonium load was 11-28 mg/h. To control the growth of heterotrophic bacteria the applied C:N ratio was in the range of 2-5; methanol as external carbon source was used. The F/M ratio was between 0.11-0.13. Average removal rate of inorganic nitrogen compounds was 53 %, being 76 % for ammonium and 50 % for nitrate and nitrite. Results show that using PVA-PAA hydrogels the optimal range of the bulk DO (0.7 1.5 mgO2/l) was higher than suggested in literature due to the higher density of the biofilm and the size of the gels.


The purpose of this paper is to study the implications of educational practice by comparing the praxis of Habermas and Wandang. My research leads to...


Purpose: To explore the conditions under which enforcement likely is, or is not, an effective strategy to increase adherence to recommended protective behaviours during COVID-19. Design/Methodology/Approach: Relevant search terms were entered into three key databases (Google Scholar, medXriv, psyArXiv) to identify both peer-reviewed and pre-publication articles that reported empirical data relating to the impact of enforcement on adherence with recommended public health behaviours. Findings: Enforcement is less effective when: it is applied inconsistently; rules are ambiguous; behaviours are unobservable. Providing food and financial support, creating social norms and increasing trust are more effective in addressing specific barriers and fostering voluntary adherence. Where enforcement forms part of the strategy for policing COVID-19 regulations, rules must be clear and local responders must be given time and opportunity to plan their response as new rules are implemented. Research limitations/implications: This narrative review was limited to papers published in English and available either via the databases searched, or via reference searching; some relevant studies may therefore not have been identified. Practical implications: Findings inform an understanding of the impact of enforcement on adherence and facilitate the development of recommendations for increasing adherence to protective behaviours during COVID-19. Given the importance of public adherence, these recommendations are not only useful in the context of COVID-19 but also for future public health emergencies. Originality/value: This narrative review is the first to explore the circumstances under which enforcement can increase or reduce adherence with COVID-19 guidelines, generating recommendations for improved public adherence.


SUMMARY This article focuses on the constitutional referendums of the five Andean countries, defined as Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. The first part describes the six constitutional referendums held in the region. In the second, it shows that these events were not an expression of "unlimited power", emphasizing both in their function and their limits. The conclusions summarize showing the tension between democracy and liberalism, as a way to understand redundant legitimacies.


In this paper I shall approach to the problem of politic vio lence and peace from a metaphysical paradigm. I will discuss the question based on a definition of violence given by Paul Gilbert and its augustinian postulates. This definition will be tested on three levels. On the first place I describe what does it mean to talk about violence in metaphysics conceived as "first philoso phy". On the second place I try to recall the phenomenology of free will that Augustine establishes mainly in his book De libero arbitrio . Finally, I shall analyze political freedom and its substi tution by the notion of "legality". Therefore, it will be shown how a metaphysical perspective is useful in order to understand violence as a renouncement of the political, as the unilateral afi rmation of individual liberty and, thus, as the negation of this precise liberty.


Paper titled "Judicial Analysis Concerning Privileges for the Small Business Actors Related to Unfair Business Competition", using normative writing method trough statute approach. Issues that raised in this paper is concerning privileges for the small business actors related to unfair business competition. Form of privileges for small business actors related to unfair competition, has been regulated in Act No.5 Year 1999 Concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Article 50, the exception for small business actors from the entry into force of the Act No.5 Year 1999. It's because there is a perception that small business actors still need of protection in order to grow, and also the social reason that the weak position of small business actors that would not have not been assessed monopoly activities.


A novel double2layer f ilm of SiCO F/ a2C ∶F wit h a low dielect ric constant is dep osited using a P ECV D system. The chemical st ructure of t he f ilm is characterized wit h Fourie r t ransf orm inf ra red sp ect roscop y ( F TI R) . The measurements of t he f ilm ref ractive index reveal t hat t he op tical f requency dielect ric constant ( n ) of t he f ilm is almost constant as a f unction of air exp osure time , however , wit h increasing annealing temp erature , t he value of n f or t he f ilm decreases . Possible mechanisms are discussed in detail . The analysis of SIMS p rofiles f or t he metal2insulat or2silicon st ructures reveal t hat in t he Al/ a2C ∶F/ Si st ruct ure , t he annealing causes a more rapid diff usion of F in Al in comp arison wit h C , but t here is no obvious diff e rence in Si . In addition , no recognizable verge exists between SiCO F and a2C ∶F f ilms ,and t he SiCO F f ilm acts as a bar rie r against t he diff usion of carbon int o t he aluminum layer .


With the normalization of market there are more and more bids in construction economic activity. Combined with the writing of "tender" and "bid document" in construction application file in this paper the characteristic, writing and style of two practical writing styles are introduced. Especially for the kernel part of tender and the matters needing attention are elaborated in detail. The document should be concise, precise and hearty to meet the need of market.


An X-band leaky waveguide antenna (LWA) with high aperture efficiency and high power capacity is investigated in this paper. The antenna is mainly composed of two parts: a sectorial waveguide power divider and an LWA array. First, in the design of the power divider, the magnitude uniformity and phase consistency are ensured by adjusting the channel central angles and introducing phase adjusting structures, respectively. Then, the analysis and design of the LWA array are carried out. New formulas and conditions have been proposed for realizing uniform radiation distribution and maximum aperture efficiency. Five supporting beams are introduced to increase the antenna gain and power capacity. An LWA array as a prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the analysis and simulation. Experimental results agree well with the simulation. The return loss is better than 17 dB at the center frequency 9.7 GHz, the gain is 38.75 dB, and the corresponding aperture efficiency is 80.7%. The power capacity of the LWA array reaches 1.5 GW. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed LWA array is suitable for radiating high power microwaves. The analysis and design method proposed in this paper is a useful guide for designing the high-aperture efficiency antenna in the future.


This paper addresses counseling psychology's ongoing concerns about the role of career counseling. First, a series of artificial distinctions exacerbating the rift between career and personal counseling are discussed. Of particular concern is the failure on the part of counselors, possibly associated with declining interest in the career realm, to properly assess and treat career-related concerns. Arguments for the continuing importance of career development and counseling are presented in the context of the increasing acknowledgement of the work/mental health interface within applied psychology and ethical imperatives to provide needed services to our clients. Second, some possible remedies for the current state of affairs are advanced, including enhancement of the theoretical basis of career research, improving our training in career assessment and counseling, and the integration of some recent trends in psychotherapy research.


A prototype readout electronics system was designed for the External Target Experiment in the Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The kernel parts include the 128-channel 100 ps high-resolution time digitization module, the 16-channel 25 ps high-resolution time and charge measurement module, and the trigger electronics, as well as the clock generation circuits, which are all integrated within the PXI-6U crate. The laboratory test results indicate that a good resolution is achieved, better than the requirement. We also have conducted initial commissioning tests with the detectors to confirm the functions of the system. Through the research of this prototype electronics, preparation for the future extended system is made.


Stochastic disturbances often cause undesirable characteristics in real-world system modeling. As a result, investigations on stochastic disturbances in neural network (NN) modeling are important. In this study, stochastic disturbances are considered for the formulation of a new class of NN models; i.e., the discrete-time stochastic quaternion-valued neural networks (DSQVNNs). In addition, the mean-square asymptotic stability issue in DSQVNNs is studied. Firstly, we decompose the original DSQVNN model into four real-valued models using the real-imaginary separation method, in order to avoid difficulties caused by non-commutative quaternion multiplication. Secondly, some new sufficient conditions for the mean-square asymptotic stability criterion with respect to the considered DSQVNN model are obtained via the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, based on the Lyapunov functional and stochastic analysis. Finally, examples are presented to ascertain the usefulness of the obtained theoretical results.


We calculate the frequency-dependent spin susceptibilities for a two-dimensional electron gas with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions. The resonances of the susceptibilities depend on the relative values of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit constants, which could be manipulated by gate voltages. We derive exact continuity equations, with source terms, for the spin density and use those to connect the spin current to the spin density. In the free electron model the susceptibilities play a central role in the spin dynamics since both the spin density and the spin current are proportional to them.


The most recent proposals of the Schools Council for the reform of the sixth form curriculum, which have been circulating among interested parties in cyclostyled form for some months, have now been issued officially, with the addition of a statistical appendix, as Working Paper No. 16. This paper thus supersedes Working Paper No. 5, which contained earlier proposals.


Instability analysis of compressible orthogonal swept leading-edge boundary layer flow was performed in the context of BiGlobal linear theory. 1, 2 An algorithm was developed exploiting the sparsity characteristics of the matrix discretizing the PDE-based eigenvalue problem. This allowed use of the MUMPS sparse linear algebra package 3 to obtain a direct solution of the linear systems associated with the Arnoldi iteration. The developed algorithm was then applied to efficiently analyze the effect of compressibility on the stability of the swept leading-edge boundary layer and obtain neutral curves of this flow as a function of the Mach number in the range 0 ≤ Ma ≤ 1. The present numerical results fully confirmed the asymptotic theory results of Theofilis et al. 4 Up to the maximum Mach number value studied, it was found that an increase of this parameter reduces the critical Reynolds number and the range of the unstable spanwise wavenumbers.


Strategies used and parameter selection problems encountered in developing robot programs are addressed by describing an approach to self-tuning of robot program parameters. In this approach, the robot program incorporates control primitives with adjustable parameters and an associated cost function. A hybrid gradient-based and direct-search algorithm uses experimentally measured performance data to adjust the parameters to seek optimal performance and track system variations. Alternative control strategies which have first been optimized with the same cost function are then assessed in terms of their optimized behavior. It is demonstrated that the optimal control strategy for a particular task is a function not only of task geometry, but also of the desired performance.<<ETX>>


This paper assesses efficiency in Latin-American and Caribbean banking, distinguishing between domestic and foreign banks. Scores of both proportional and input-specific technical efficiency are computed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Furthermore, the so-called program approach is employed to assess differences in the technology used by domestic and foreign banks. Foreign banks are found to manage all production factors more efficiently; furthermore, this greater efficiency is partly due to the superior technology they use.


Abstract A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) method was established and validated to simultaneously quantify seven major saponins, i.e., notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rh1, Rg2 and Rd, in "Compound Danshen Dropping Pills" (DSDP), the best sold traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The method involved the solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and chromatographic separation on a reversed‐phase Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.01% acetic acid in water and 0.01% acetic acid in acetonitrile for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 203 nm. Linearity (R2>0.994), intra‐ (R.S.D<2.05%) and inter‐day (R.S.D<3.24%) precision, and limit of quantification (0.011–0.054 mg/mL) were determined, and the recoveries of selected compounds were in the range of 90.06%–103.08% with RSD less than 4.3%. Subsequently, the method was employed to analyze commercial DSDP samples and frauds produced with inferior Radix Notoginseng. The results clearly demonstrated that the quality of the DSDP samples was closely related to plant materials and could be assessed by the proposed analytical method in conjunction with a chemometrics approach.


Aims: This study addresses the issue of diversification of dankuwa in order to increase its nutritional quality and to determine the nutritional and microbial load of dankuwa sold by vendors and laboratory produced dankuwa.


Tropical seabirds, species resident in waters ≥ 23°C for at least one season of the year, forage in waters low in productivity relative to most non-tropical systems. Differential productivity of the world's oceans has profound implications for seabirds; most tropical species must range widely and all are confined to forage essentially in two dimensions. Foraging strategies reflect these constraints. The single most important foraging strategy for tropical seabirds is to feed in multispecies flocks in association with subsurface predators, primarily tunas. In the tropical Pacific, these feeding opportunities support, at least in part, a majority of species, possibly a majority of individuals for some species, indirectly determine abundance and distribution, and provide a resource around which a complex community with a predictable structure is built. This degree of dependence has not been found in non-tropical seabirds. Other foraging strategies include solitary feeding and scavenging; few species use these exclusively, and those that do are rare. Nocturnal feeding has been observed regularly in only one species; at least two others purported to be nocturnal feeders obtain mesopelagic prey during the day by associating with subsurface predators. Further, because tunas are so important to seabird foraging success, and because tunas are diurnal feeders, nocturnal feeding is probably not significant in the tropics. Feeding in association with oceanographic features is important for non-tropical seabirds, but its significance in the tropics remains unknown. Important topics for future research include precise quantification of seabird dependence on tunas, on nocturnal feeding, and on oceanographic features as prey aggregating mechanisms, and investigation of scale-dependent patterns. The catastrophic decline of tropical seabirds following human colonisation of islands means that marine ornithologists are studying a remnant community that may not furnish unbiased data for proposing or testing ecological models. Thus, we suggest that our most important future research effort should focus on attempts to re-establish some of the former abundance and diversity of tropical seabird communities.


We discuss work on the integration of optical nanofibers with cold atoms. We focus on two aspects, one related to Rydberg atom formation mediated by the nanofiber and the other to optimizing atom trapping.


Objective To study the relationship of social support and the quality of life in patients with chronic constipation.Methods The quality of life and social support level of 87 patients with chronic constipation were investigated using the Short Form-36 Health Survey(SF-36) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Relationship between the quality of life and social support was analyzed. Results Except for body pain scale,the other seven scales of SF-36 were lower in the patients with chronic constipation than those in healthy people.The patients with chronic constipation got higher level of social support than healthy people and positive correlation was found between the quality of life and social support.Conclusion Social support is closely related to the quality of life in patients with chronic constipation.Nurses should pay more attention to using the social support system to improve the quality of life in the patients with chrinic constipation.


Faced with changing economic opportunities, farm operators have increasingly been dividing their work time between self-employed farm work and the wage labor market--a situation that can be best described as multiple labor market participation. By 1969, the year in which the Rural Income Maintenance Experiment (RIME) began, over 54% of all farm operators in the United States had off-farm sources of income, primarily from wage work (U.S. Dep. Commerce). This figure had risen almost ten percentage points since the end of the previous decade. Wage market participation rates of the two samples in the RIME are quite similar to the national averages for farm operators with the respective levels of farm sales. Over 33% of the experiment's Iowa farm operators and 58% of the North Carolina operators held wage jobs at some time during the three experimental years. When the labor market activities of both husbands and wives are considered, in almost 50% of the Iowa farm families and 78% of the North Carolina families either the farm operator, his wife, or both held wage jobs. However, wage work provided only a secondary source of income: for families participating in both labor markets, only about 23% of all earned income in Iowa and 48% of that in North Carolina derived from wage work. These figures for the labor market activities of farm families clearly indicate that a study of their labor supply should focus on both the self-employment and the wage labor markets. Thus, this study analyzes the effects that an experimental negative income tax (NIT) program would have on farm family labor supply given multiple labor market opportunities. Theoretical considerations related to the study are presented, followed by a summary of the actual analysis. The final section of this paper discusses the main findings and places them in the perspective of the overall farm-related analysis conducted as part of the evaluation of the RIME.


In this piece I examine the recent trend of corporate benchmarks in the business and human rights (BHR) field. Themostwell-known benchmarking initiative is theCorporate Human Rights Benchmark (CHRB), which I discuss along with the Responsible Mining Index (RMI). I argue that these initiatives, managerialistic in nature, fall short of including the voices of those whose rights are impacted by the corporations that they rank highly. In short, the benchmarks appear to be de-contextualized and ahistorical. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering these benchmarks, because ranking certain corporations implies human rights performance despite disclaimers that mention their reliance on self-reported corporate data on human rights and, to a much lesser extent, information from select secondary sources, namely the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (BHRRC). In short, I argue that the benchmarks are misleading in terms of human rights and corporate responsibility when considered from a rights holder perspective. To illustrate the shortcomings of these benchmarks, I use empirical secondary data from socio-environmental conflicts in which some extractives companies with high rankings on these benchmarks allegedly harm human rights. I also discuss the implications in relation to the growing interest in socially responsible or environmental social and governance (ESG) investing. I recommend that these benchmarks should be re-named to reflect more accurately their content and what they actually measure: corporate-reported human rights 'inputs'. Moreover, I argue that BHR benchmarks should incorporate data on pertinent socio-environmental conflicts pertaining to their


ion, using a notion of re nement instead of bisimulation. In this paper we adopt the rst approach, using a timed process algebra for representing designs, and relying on model-checking (or at least hand veri cation of timed logic speci cations) as our proof method. Having said that, there is a large literature on timed logics and proof techniques (including modelchecking) [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 18, 15], so we are going to leave aside this issue for the moment, and concentrate on the implications of using timed process algebras solely for representing designs. If an algebra is to be used as a design language, careful consideration must be given to how terms in the algebra (i.e. designs) are to be implemented. In our algebra, AORTA, more restrictions are placed on terms than in other algebras, precisely because the restrictions make implementation easier. Some of the most important di erences are because of the di culty of guaranteeing the time performance of a real-time system: parallel composition may only take place at the top level in order to x the number of processes, as time guarantees then become easier to give (see section 6); time bounds on performance and communication times can be given rather than precise gures. Implementing multiway synchronisation and broadcast events is di cult, particularly where performance gures are needed, so communication may only take place between pairs of explicitly named gates. The question may be raised as to whether such a restricted process algebra is still useful. We would argue that it is useful as an implementable design language (almost a programming language) which has a formal semantics, and so allows formal veri cation of the timing aspects of safety-critical systems from speci cation to implementation. Although more detailed justi cation needs to be given of the reasons for our choices (and more will be given in this paper), for the moment we move on to the development of a timed process algebra which is useful as a design language. 3 Introducing AORTA In keeping with the conclusions of the previous section we now introduce an application oriented real-time algebra (AORTA), which has certain features making it more suitable for representing designs of real-time systems (including timing information) than for giving speci cations. AORTA can almost be thought of as a programming language with a formal semantics, and although there are no automatic compilation techniques, there are ways of implementing AORTA designs. More of this in section 6; for the moment, we concentrate on the language as a process algebra. There are several ways of describing a process algebra: an informal description of the constructs of the language is very helpful, and a formal semantics is at least as important. There are also di erent ways of giving a formal semantics, the three main types of semantics being operational semantics, denotational semantics and algebraic semantics, these three being represented in the process algebra world by CCS, CSP and ACP respectively. These three presentation techniques are not mutually exclusive | a lot of work done with CCS is concerned with equational (algebraic) reasoning, CSP has been given an operational semantics, and operational transition rules are used in ACP | so a good conceptual understanding can be as important as a detailed knowledge of the formalism concerned. In this paper we use operational semantics given by transition rules, but before that is an informal introduction to AORTA and 3 some examples. 3.1 Concrete Syntax and Informal Semantics Of the common untimed algebras, AORTA is most similar to CCS, both in notation (. for action pre xing and + for choice) and in semantics (only twoway synchronisation allowed), but even apart from the time considerations there are some important di erences. One of the restrictions placed on the language to aid implementation is that the number of processes in a system may not vary, and this restriction is enforced by insisting that all parallel composition should happen at the top level. This gives rise to two levels of description: one for the sequential processes within a system, and another for the parallelism and connectivity of the system. Restricting systems to a xed number of processes is not uncommon in real safety-critical systems, and the limitations imposed are partly justi ed by the veri able implementation techniques described in section 6. Some familiarity with CCS is assumed in the following. 3.1.1 Sequential Processes The description of sequential processes is where the relation of AORTA to CCS is shown most strongly. Actions can be o ered, which must be matched by a communicating partner before the process can proceed, and a choice may be o ered between a number of actions. As in CCS, action pre x and choice (sometimes called summation) are represented by . and + respectively, with 0 for the null process which o ers no actions. Recursion can be written using the same equational format as used in CCS (e.g. A = a.A), but all recursion must be guarded (i.e. all process names must appear inside an action pre x). The other constructs do not have analogues in CCS, and are concerned with including time information into the process description. There are two constructs which are used to introduce time, and each of these has a deterministic and nondeterministic form. The rst construct is a delay which causes the process to pause for the amount of time speci ed, during which time no actions are o ered | time consuming operations like computation are represented in this way. As precise times are not always known, the delay may be speci ed with an upper and lower bound, rather than a precise gure. A process which delays for precisely t time units before behaving like S is written [t]S, and if the delay is bounded by times t1 and t2 the process is written [t1,t2]S. The second construct is a timeout extension to summation, so that if none of the branches of the choice are taken up within the given time, control is transferred to another branch. Again, depending on how the timeout is implemented a precise gure for the time at which control is transferred may not be available, so an interval of possibilities can be given instead. A choice process S which times out to process T if no communication happens within time t is written S [t> T, and if the time is bounded by t1 and t2 it is written S [t1,t2> T. Having given the time behaviour of our new constructs it is necessary to go back to describe the time behaviour of pre x and choice. A simple pre x forces the process to wait until communication can take place on the named channel, so the process a.S can wait for any length of time without changing, provided communication is not possible. Consideration of how a choice should behave in time leads us to restrict choice to processes which start with an action 4 pre x a.S choice S1 + S2 delay [t]S bounded delay [t1,t2]S timeout (S1 + ... + Sn)[t>S bounded timeout (S1 + ... + Sn)[t1,t2>S data dependent choice S1 ++ S2 recursion equational de nition Table 1: Summary of concrete syntax for sequential processes pre x or another choice. If a choice were allowed between processes that began with a delay, e.g. [3]a.0 + [2]b.0, then either the choice would have to be resolved at the rst instant of time, leading to time nondeterminism (and a very counter-intuitive system), or both branches of the choice would have to run concurrently, which goes against the idea of a sequential process. As both of these are unacceptable, we restrict the language so that choices can only be made between processes which start with an action pre x or another choice. One of the reasons for uncertainty in the execution times of programs is that there is no information available about the data on which the program is running | we either don't know what the data is or we choose to ignore it to avoid complexity. At the moment no attempt is made to model data in AORTA, so any branch in a sequential process which depends purely on data (in particular on the outcome of a computation) rather than on communication (which is handled by the existing choice) appears to be nondeterministic. To allow for such branches, a data dependent (or nondeterministic) choice can be o ered between two (or more) processes: such a choice is written P++Q, and is similar to the nondeterministic choice P uQ of CSP. In summary, a sequential process may be constructed from action pre xes, summations (choices over pre xed processes), time delays, timeouts over choices, nondeterministic choices and guarded recursion. The syntax is summarised in table 1. Each process has a behaviour in time which says which actions it is prepared to engage in, or in other words, at which of its gates it is prepared to engage in communication. Obviously, for communication to take place there has to be more than one process in the system | the way that a system is constructed from its component processes is kept separate from process de nition in AORTA. 3.1.2 Parallel Composition and Communication Apart from xing the number of processes in a system in order to provide reliable timing predictions (see section 6), there are other steps which can be taken to aid implementability. One area which is crucial to process algebras and realtime systems is inter-process communication, and this is perhaps where AORTA is most di erent from existing process algebras. In all of the common process algebras the communication actions of any process are visible to any other process unless explicitly hidden or restricted, which leads to problems on two fronts. From an implementation point of view this requires some way of broadcasting all available actions to all processes. Even more problems are encountered in implementing the multiway synchronisation 5 of CSP and LOTOS, as witnessed by the restriction to two-way communication in occam [26] and the need for a special protocol in LOTOS [27]. For a simple s


The Mann-Kendall method was used to analyze the trend variations and mutations of annual average temperature and precipitation based on the meteorological data of Xinmi City from 1971 to 2000.The anthropogenic driving forces affecting the variations of temperature and precipitation were determined by the socio-economic data collected from 1981 to 2008.The gray relational analysis was used to characterize the interannual variability of impact strength of human activities and the temporal variations of anthropogenic driving factors before and after the temperature mutation,and therefore the anthropogenic driving factors affecting the climate change can be analyzed and identified.The results indicated that the annual and seasonal atmospheric temperatures increase with a temperature mutation in 1993 while the annual precipitation has significant increasing or decreasing trends.The rapid growth of population density is the primary driving force of the temperature change in Xinmi,and followed by the agricultural development and energy consumption.


The Role of the Rural Community College in Rural Community Development. ERIC Digest................................................. 1 COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMMING................................... 2 ILLITERACY--A FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE.................................. 3 POLICY STRATEGIES........................................................ 4 DISPOSITIONAL STRATEGIES............................................. 4 SITUATIONAL STRATEGIES................................................ 4 INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES..............................................4 TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING SYSTEMS................................ 5 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................6 REFERENCES.................................................................. 6


Objective To study the protective effect of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) pulmonary perfusion on postoperative lung function.Methods Thirty patients receiving purely artificial mitral valve replacement surgery with CPB between January 2007 and April 2011 were randomly divided into the lung protection group and the control group with 15 patients in each.For patients in the lung protection group,pulmonary artery perfusion with hypothermic protective solution during the CPB period was performed,while patients in the control group received no protective solution.Then,we monitored respiratory index(RI),oxygenation index(OI),IL-6,and TNF-α after induction of anesthesia,10 minutes after aortic cross-clamping,and l0 minutes,2 hours,12 hours,and 24 hours after aortic opening,and preoperative and postoperative pulmonary artery pressure(PAPm),static lung compliance(CLS),and airway resistance(AR).Furthermore,we compared the ICU caring time,postoperative ventilation time,hospital stay and the presence of postoperative complications between the two groups.Results IL-6,TNF-α,RI,OI,PAPm,AR,and CLS between the two group of patients had significant differences(P0.05).However,postoperative ICU care time and hospital stay were not statistically different(P 0.05).Conclusion Pulmonary arterial perfusion during CPB has a protective effect on postoperative pulmonary function.


Development of a novel method for drug discovery using active compounds as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.


This research paper focuses on the issue of gender stereotypes and, more particularly, on the way in which kindergarten students choose the toys and games/activities that they play and the manifestation of specific behaviors which they express in the kindergarten class. The research questions attempted to answer to the correlation of gender stereotypes and the student's choices of toys and games/activities, and the manifestation of pro-social and aggressive behaviors in students, as well as the teachers' views on the influence which gender stereotypes exert on students and the way teachers attempt to solve related problems. As part of the research, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers who worked in Greek kindergarten schools were conducted, in order to explore their views and attitudes on the issues stated above. The results of this research show that kindergarten teachers spot differences in kindergarten students' choices of toys and games/activities, as well as in the behavior between boys and girls. The responses of the kindergarten teachers show that they do not all agree that the aforementioned differences are due to gender stereotypes. The results also show that kindergarten teachers are aware of the ways in which gender stereotypes affect kindergarten students in the family and the school environment. Kindergarten teachers also stated that they know how to deal with gender stereotype problems which may arise in their classes.


Background:
 Stroke is a serious cause of mortality in the United States. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only effective drug. However, it increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage due to its narrow therapeutic window. Previous studies have shown the role of neurotrophins in several brain diseases. P75
 NTR
 which is the receptor of tumor necrosis family is highly expressed in stroke and associated with neuronal apoptosis. Downregulation of p75
 NTR
 attenuates brain injury. This study aims to find the role of p75
 NTR
 in the outcome of stroke.

 Methods:
 Two different sets of experiments were performed.
 1.
 Young adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ischemic stroke using intraluminal suture model. P75
 NTR
 modulator (LM11A-31) was administered following stroke. Brain samples were collected 24 hours after injury.
 2.
 Young adult C57BL/6 and p75 heterozygous mice were subjected to stroke using Rose Bengal photothrombotic method. Mice were tested for neurobehavioral analysis and samples were collected 72h after stroke.

 Results:
 We found that administration of LM11A-31 significantly reduced infarction volume, edema, and hemorrhagic transformation 24h after stroke in mice. Also, LM11A-31 reduced several inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain (p-NFκb/t-NFκb), and c- Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK/t-JNK), and significantly increased the expression of several anti-inflammatory signaling, including protein kinase B (p-Akt/t-Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2) after stroke. Furthermore, we found that p75
 NTR
 heterozygous mice remarkably demonstrated less infarction, edema, and hemorrhagic transformation than wild-type mice after stroke. Moreover, p75
 NTR
 heterozygous significantly showed better motor function.

 Conclusion:
 This study suggests that p75
 NTR
 modulation can be a potential pharmacological target for improving the outcome of ischemic stroke.


Varying doses of Cu 64 -labeled cupric acetate were given orally or intravenously to adult male rats. The urinary and fecal excretion of Cu 64 was measured in intact rats and in rats with obstruction of the common duct. In addition, the biliary Cu 64 was assayed in rats with biliary fistula. Only about half to two-thirds of doses up to 1 µg of copper were absorbed; the site of absorption seemed to be the upper portion of the small intestine. With larger doses, the percentage absorbed fell, but the absolute amount increased. Much less copper was excreted in the feces when the rat had a biliary fistula, the difference being accounted for by the biliary Cu 64 . Fecal excretion was not prevented by duodenostomy below the pancreatic and biliary ducts and therefore presumably reflects excretion through the gut mucosa. Significantly more copper was excreted in the bile and in the urine when the Cu 64 was given intravenously. Very little of the biliary Cu 64 was absorbed from the gut of intact rats when it was given by stomach tube.


Youth violence is a topic of increasing global concern. Research has primarily focused on young people's responses to existing definitions of violence in seeking to understand how best to develop violence prevention. Little work has explored how young people themselves define violence and the factors which influence their acceptance, and use, of violent behaviour. The present study investigated young people's understandings of what constitutes violence, their acceptance of violence and justifications made for doing so. The study was distinct in its focus on young people's characterisations of violence. The findings revealed that gender norms mediate understandings of what constitutes violence and discourses around the perceived acceptability of violence. Particular forms of violence were clearly identified as being more acceptable and 'deserved' than others and young people's perceptions were shaped by their understandings of appropriate and normative gender behaviour.


In the theory of the formal languages, one may consider two different classes of general devices, namely, grammars which use nonterminal symbols in the string derivation process, and grammars without nonterminal symbols, respectively. The contextual grammars introduced by Marcus [1-3] belong to the last category. In a previous paper [4] based on the concept of fuzzy set introduced by Zadeh [5], Q-fuzzy contextual grammars (simple, generalized, and with choice) were defined over different algebraic structures Q (the [0,1] lattice, Boole Algebra, semiring, semipartial semiring) and their generative capacity was investigated. In this work it is studied another way of introducing the concept of fuzziness in the structure of the contextual grammars with choice.


Democratic decision is a strategic option of leading way under the new century condition.To realize decision democracy,not only leaders must have higher democratic quality,and to perfect and develop democratic centralism,reinforce legal control and reform decision system,improve the supervisor system of the masses.In the process of carrying out democratic decision,we should still handle collective decision with individual decision and the relation between grabbing big and little,democracy with concentration priority order,continuity and creativity.


We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter of Drs. Moorthy and Chesney. They raise some very legitimate questions about the optimum therapeutic approach to rare diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Obviously, no single institution can accumulate a sufficient number of cases of WG to have statistically significant results in various therapeutic trials, as evidenced by the fact that our six patients with WG represent the largest single experience in the literature with this disease in children1 and our institution has one of the largest experiences with this syndrome.2,3


The invention discloses silicon solar cell back-surface field forming aluminum paste and a preparation method thereof. The silicon solar cell back-surface field forming aluminum paste comprises, by mass, 70-75 parts of aluminum powder, 0.5-3.0 parts of inorganic adhesives, and 20-25 parts of organic carriers, wherein the inorganic adhesives comprise glass powder; the silicon solar cell back-surface field forming aluminum paste further comprises 10-30 wt.% of inorganic oxide or anaerobic ceramic micro powder, and 1.0-10wt.% of organic acid is added to the organic carriers. The organic carriers, the inorganic adhesives and the aluminum powder are proportionally put into a stirring machine to be continuously stirred for 2 hours to form a uniform system, and then ground by a three-roll grinder into the paste, wherein the viscosity of the paste is controlled to be 20-30 pa.s. According to the silicon solar cell back-surface field forming aluminum paste and the preparation method thereof, the problem of large deformation of thin silicon wafers during a sintering process of aluminum paste in a back-surface field is solved.


Organic-inorganic hybrid coating solutions were prepared starting from colloidal silica, lanthanum nitrate and γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane by the sol-gel method. Also, spiropyran-doped hard coating solutions were pre- pared by mixing the spiropyran solution, obtained after dissolving spiropyran dye into tetrahydrofuran solvent, with the organic-inorgnic hybrid coating solutions. The spiropyran-doped hard coating solutions were applied as a thin layer to polycarbonate sheets, and their photochromic properties were investigated. The effect of amount of colloidal silica added into the coating solutions was investigated on the photochromic properties of coating films. Both decoloration rate and pencil hardness of the coating films were increased with increasing the amounts of colloidal silica.


This paper presents the results of the AC conductivity of electrical pressboard production company Weidman with a water content from 0,6% to 7% by weight, impregnated with MIDEL 7131 synthetic ester. Frequency and temperature dependencies of the AC conductivity were determined. The Arrhenius plots were developed for the whole range of measurement frequencies, from which the activation energies of the AC conductivity were determined. It was found that changes in AC conductivity can be described by means of two activation energies. Each of these activation energies decreases with the increase of the measurement frequency. This may mean, in our view, that these differences are due to changes the environment occurring water nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles be are located in the environment cellulose material, while the other part - in the environment the MIDEL 7131 ester.


In now days, it is necessary that actual color planning for the interior environmental design especially in hospital. The purpose of this study is psychological stability of color scheme characteristics focused on consultation-room in hospital through psychological stability color scheme of previous research, case study and questioned. The result of color image characteristics are as follows; First, a warm color and similarity harmony are most effective to psychological stability. Second, the relations between dominant color and subdominant color are very important for stability and main harmony of color scheme.


Background & Objectives : Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), fails to reperfuse most large artery strokes. Concomitant thrombin-inhibition with IV-argatroban may be safe and improve recanalization. This study intended to estimate safety and benefit among tPA treated stroke patients randomized to also receive either low-dose argatroban, high-dose argatroban, or neither.
 Methods : Ischemic strokes (ages ≥18 and mRS 0 or 1) with intracranial occlusions or NIHSS ≥10 were given 0.9mg/kg IV tPA within 4.5 hours. During IV-tPA, patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a 100 μg/kg bolus of argatroban followed by a 48-hour infusion of 1 μg/kg/min (low-dose arm), 3 μg/kg/min (high-dose arm) or no argatroban (control arm). Infusions were adjusted to target aPTT 1.75 or 2.25 times baseline. Endovascular therapy was excluded. Blinded personnel determined outcomes. Primary safety outcome was incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Primary clinical outcome was excellent recovery (mRS 0-1) at 90-days. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed using frequentist and Bayesian (neutral prior centered at Relative Risk (RR)=1.0 with 95[percnt] credible intervals: 0.33-3.0) Poisson regression to estimate relative risk (RR).
 Results : The trial was prematurely terminated after beneficial results of embolectomy trials. 90 of planned 105 patients were randomized (56[percnt] male; age 68.9±14.6). Median NIHSS score was 15. 9 (10.0[percnt]) sICH occurred (10.3[percnt] control; 13.3[percnt] low-dose & 6.5[percnt] high-dose). Unadjusted RRs of sICH were: 1.29 (95[percnt] CI 0.32-5.26, p=0.724) for low-dose and 0.95 (95[percnt] CI 0.26-3.54, p=0.940) for high-dose. Argatroban arms had higher rates of mRS 0-1: 30[percnt] low-dose (RR=1.45; 95[percnt] CI 0.59-3.56, p=0.417) and 32.3[percnt] high-dose (RR=1.56; 95[percnt] CI 0.65-3.75, p=0.321) compared to tPA alone (20.7[percnt]). Adjusted analyses demonstrated a 79[percnt] posterior probability that combination therapy (low+high-dose) was superior to tPA alone (RR>1).
 Conclusions : Adjunctive argatroban with IV tPA seems safe and clinical benefit warrants further study in a definitive efficacy trial. Disclosure: Dr. Barreto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ford has received research support from Mitsubisihi Pharma EU donated Argatroban study drug for ARTSS-2 clinical trial. Dr. Shen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pedroza has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tyson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rahbar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grotta has received personal compensation for activities with Frazer, Stryker. Genentech, Inc., and Medtronic, Inc.


Dear Editor, I read the article "Study of Drug Utilization Pattern for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients Attending a Government Hospital in Kerala, India" published in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care July 2014.[1] I was disillusioned to find that instead of discussing the "drug utilization pattern" mentioned in the title of the article, the authors have discussed the "prescription pattern" of drugs as prescribed by the treating physicians in said hospital. In Table 2 of the article, we find a list of drugs that were prescribed to the patients, and alongside it the percentage of times each drug was prescribed. Any account of how the patients were consuming those drugs, whether any drugs were altered depending upon availability, or if any doses were missed, wasn't available. Similarly, Table 3 mentions the names of antibiotics prescribed along with the frequency of prescription and gives no further information. The discussion section also focuses entirely on the frequency of prescription of different drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as seen in different studies. The patient's perspective on drug utilization is totally missing from the study, and the title of the study seems misleading.


Viscoelastic sandwich structure is playing an important role in mechanical equipment. The aging condition identification of viscoelastic sandwich structure is essential for monitoring structural health condition and guaranteeing the safe operation of mechanical equipment. The development of a reliable intelligent aging condition identification method is an ongoing attempt. By analyzing vibration response signals, a multi-sensor data fusion method using multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) and ensemble-based incremental support vector machine (EISVM) is proposed in this paper. In this method, for obtaining complementary information, multiple sensors are mounted on the different locations of viscoelastic sandwich structure. For extracting effective feature information, MPE is introduced to reflect the structural aging condition change, and multiple feature sets of multiple sensors are obtained. With distance evaluation technique, multiple sensitive feature sets are respectively selected from the multiple original feature sets to discard irrelevant or redundant features. Based on ensemble learning and incremental learning, EISVM is developed to fuse all sensitive feature sets from different sensors for reliable intelligent classification. The proposed method is verified with a well-designed viscoelastic sandwich structure in which the viscoelastic layer subjected to accelerated aging. The testing results show the outstanding performance of the proposed method.


Based on the monopolistic competition model of heterogeneous enterprises,this paper puts forward the measuring model which is used to measure the degree of resources misallocation caused by the differences of ownership.Using Chinese industrial enterprises data,this paper measures the degree of resources misallocation.The results show that,although the degree of resources misallocation is on decline in the long time,it is still very serious.From 1998 to 2007,the ownership differences led to industrial total factor productivity(TFP) loss more than 200%every year.The degree of labor misallocation approached 100%,and the degree of capital misallocation was approximately 50%.This paper also shows us that the fundamental reason for resources misallocation caused by ownership differences is not just ownership differences itself,but administrative monopoly which is defined as the combination between administrative power of government and monopoly of state—owned enterprises.Through governing financial system which is predominated by state-owned banks,the administrative departments bring the state-owned enterprises lower financing cost.Meanwhile through setting market entry barriers,controlling price,and providing lower financing cost,the administrative departments bring the state-owned enterprises higher profit and employee welfare,and then lead to capital and labor misallocation.


The achievable rate of a relay channel with inter- symbol interference and additive colored Gaussian noise is examined under an input power constraint and the compress-and-forward (CF) strategy at the relay. Using classical techniques, it is shown that the circular degraded relay channels is equivalent to that of the linear one in the limit of infinite block lengths. The achievable rate for CF for a circular Gaussian relay channel is equivalent to that of coupled collection of parallel, memoryless relay channels. Additionally, this parallel channel decomposition is shown to be information lossless for the evaluation of the CF rate.


: Chinese cabbage cultivation has been typically practiced in alpine sloped farmland in Gangwon province, and caused severe soil erosion by soil disturbance like tillage. Cultivation of wild edible greens such as Aster scaber Thunb. and Ligularia fischeri Turcz. could be one of alternative ways to reduce soil erosion, because their residues become stubble mulch after harvest, and there is no need for tillage every year. Therefore, the objective of this research was to estimate the effect of nitrogen application rates for the maximum production of Aster scaber Thunb. and Ligularia fischeri Turcz. in the early cultivation stages. Total N contents of Aster scaber Thunb. and Ligularia fischeri Turcz. increased with the increment of fertilizer application rates. Maximum growth of Aster scaber Thunb. and Ligularia fischeri Turcz. was observed with the highest rates of fertilizer. We obtained the relationship between Aster scaber Thunb. and N application rate, as y = -0.296x 2 + 73.82x + 5246 (R = 0.998). There was no significant difference for Aster scaber Thunb production between N application rates for 120 and 160 kg/ha. Also, the relationship between Ligularia fischeri Turcz. and N application rate was y = -0.135x 2 + 32.86x + 1529 (R 2 = 0.965) in the first year trial after transplanting.


The objective of this article was to analyze the economic viability of the expansion of the sanitary sewage system, carried out by the Sanitation Company of Parana (SANEPAR) in the municipality of Ipiranga. To do so, we selected the section that deals with the construction of a sewage treatment plant, two elevators and the expansion of 3,077 meters of sewage collection network, with budgeted investments of R$ 5.28 million, financed by Caixa Economica Federal (CEF) and the National Bank for Social Development (BNDES). The sources consulted were the Sanitation Company of Parana (SANEPAR), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the United Nations (UN). The criteria selected for the economic analysis were: the Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Return of Rate (IRR), the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), the Return on Investment Added (ROIA) and the Pay-back Period. The results indicated that, even with subsidized interest and 10 year capital recovery periods, the project should be rejected from the point of view of market rate financing.


Current business environment tends to be rapidly and non-linearly changing. Thus, business objectives are extremely tied to management of unpredictability and chaos. Some of the changes in the market environment with the potential impact to the ways in which new product development (NPD) is practiced and managed over the past decade include increased level of competitions, in the same market are rapidly changing also customer needs and expectations. This research studies several aspects of NPD and innovation.


In this article, we trace the development of Hatano's research, focusing on the core of his research interest, namely, expertise, conceptual development, and classroom learning. He held both Piagetian constructivist views and Vygotskian sociocultural perspectives in balance, and preferred to study human cognition executed in everyday life. This brief review strongly suggests that Hatano consciously or subconsciously introduced Japanese perspectives into the areas of human development and education, which often contributed to the expansion and enrichment of mainstream viewpoints constructed within the context of the Occidental research culture.


The invention relates to a bipolar plate seal assembly (40) for a fuel cell (10) comprising - a bipolar plate (41), comprising - a flow field (411) for a reactant medium to at least one of its main faces, and - arranged one adjacent to the flow field (411) coverage area (413) are in the supply openings (412) for supply and discharge of Reaktantenmediums and optionally arranged for supplying and discharging a coolant, and - at least one seal assembly (42) comprising - a the coverage area (413) of the bipolar plate (41) at least partially covering electrically insulating layer (421, 424) with recesses (422), correspond with the supply openings (412) of the bipolar plate (41), and - a, this peripheral seal for each recess (422) (423).


Close examination of so-called "pseudobulges" in several early-type disk galaxies indicates that they are actually composite structures consisting of both a flattened, kinematically cool disklike structure ("disky pseudobulge") and a rounder, kinematically hot spheroidal structure ("classical bulge"). This indicates that pseudobulges, thought to form from internal secular evolution, and classical bulges, thought to form from rapid mergers, are not exclusive phenomena: some galaxies can have both.


From the angle of protection of stakeholders represented by policyholders,using solvency of the basic indicator as evidence,by the effective sample survey data of corporate governance in 46 joint-stock insurance company,the paper examines China's insurance corporate governance compliance,and the effectiveness of various governance mechanisms in practice by WLS.The results show that the insurance company governance compliance can effectively protect the interests of stakeholders;the nature of the controlling shareholder has positive regulatory effects.But the degree of insurance companies' governance mechanisms is different in protecting stakeholders.With this conclusion,the study proposes China's insurance governance to achieve change from compliance to voluntary compliance,and ultimately change from compliance to effective.


Epileptic encephalopathies make up a group of electroclinical syndromes that are characterized by to have an established presenting age, clinical neurological deterioration secondary to persistent epileptic activity and an irregular response to classical pharmacological treatments. Its etiology is variable, and its precipitating factors are controversial. Since the 90's, the role of inflammation in epilepsy has been described, through to the findings like the presence of inflammatory cells and molecules in cerebrospinal fluid and surgical specimen from affected patients.


For environmental sound classification (ESC), this letter presents a learnable auditory filterbank based on a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network with strong psychophysiological inductive bias in the form of a gammatone filterbank and an equal-loudness prompting normalization. In the past, a number of ESC methods based on learnable auditory features obtained by performing plain 1D convolutions on raw input waveforms for outperforming traditional handcrafted features such as a mel-frequency filterbank have been proposed. However, the large number of parameters involved in the convolutions suggests that these methods will not generalize better than a model defined by a smaller number of parameters, which is considered in this letter. Here, a learnable gammatone filterbank layer consisting of 1D kernels represented by a parametric form of the bandpass gammatone filters is proposed for acquiring a time-frequency representation of the raw waveform. A normalization with learnable parameters that control the trade-off between energy equalization and structure preservation in the spectro-temporal domain is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the considered network and the normalization, ESC experiments on the ESC-50 and UrbanSound8K datasets were conducted. Compared to other state-of-the-art networks, the considered network performed better on the two datasets. In addition, an ensemble architecture achieved further performance improvement.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically the importance of inflationary persistence in a group of sixteen advanced and developing countries. We do this by studying, in great detail, the time series properties of inflation using both univariate as well as multivariate techniques. We show that inflationary inertia greatly varies both across countries and across different periods of time within a country. Moreover, there seems to exists a clear connection between our estimates of inertia and the levels of inflation in the countries in our sample. Nominal exchange rate anchors seem to reduce inflation inertia but only until time goes by and the program fails to lower inflation to international levels.


From the Publisher:
NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) promises to be the future geometry standard for free-form curves and surfaces. This volume contains recent results and new NURBS techniques and developments--the most important being curve/surface from the CAD/CAM industry. The book has been carefully refereed. Researchers, system programmers, and graduate students in CAGD, CAD/CAM and computer graphics will find this book uniquely suited to their field of work.


The characteristics of chemical composition of snow melt water are described as well as the relationship between general salinity and sulphate-ion of snow melt water. The growth of pH of snow melt water is shown based on the example of industrial territories of Chelyabinsk Region.


PURPOSE: To apply vibrations in three-dimensional directions,by possessing a static pressure bearing having spherical static pressure bearing, and a static pressure bearing provided to permit movement in the axial direction. CONSTITUTION: When vibrating a vibration table 2 in direction X, since a static pressure beaing 10 at a static pressure joint part 6 at a horizontal vibator 4 and a vertical vibrator 5 permits movement of each shaft 7 in direction X, when a horizontal vibrator 3 is driven, the vibration table 2 may be vibrated in direction X. When vibrating the vibration table 2 in direction Y, since a static pressure bearing 13 at the static pressure joint 6 at the horizontal vibrator 3 and vertical vibrator 5 permits movement of each shaft 8 in direction Y, when the horizontal vibrator 4 is driven, the vibration table 2 may be vibrated in direction Y. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio


A power generation system according to one embodiment is characterized by converting, and storing as potential energy, renewable energy such as wind power and wave power, and thereafter driving a power generation device with the released energy. Specifically, a storage unit 3 of a power generation system 1 is provided with a plurality of sets of weights 30 and pulleys 36, and a wire body 37 is hung on the pulleys 36. When the renewable energy rotates a winder 35 in a winding direction, potential energy is stored according to the weight of the weights 30 and the rising distance of the weights 30. When the winder 35 becomes rotatable in a direction opposite to the winding direction, the stored potential energy is released, becomes continuous power according to the weight and acceleration of the weights 30, and turns a generator connected to the winder 35. According to the present invention, a large amount of power can be obtained for stably driving the power generation device, even in an unstable and intermittent renewable energy environment.


Spent caustic from chemical cleaning of evaporators and pre-heaters was cleaned by membrane micro-filtration. A rig supplied by Tongaat-Hulett Technical Management Department (TH-TMD) was refurbished and used for this purpose. It was determined that pretreatment was necessary to improve permeate flux rates and prevent clogging of the membrane. Experiments run over 6-18 hours showed that high trans-membrane pressures improved reduction of permeate viscosity and hence lowered suspended solids content but at the sacrifice of lower overall flux rates. Cross-flow velocity had a favourable influence on flux rates. The best operating point tested was a transmembrane pressure of 400 kPa and a cross-flow velocity of 1.2 m/s. Chemical cleaning with weak caustic and acid solutions was necessary between runs.


There are many works with abundant contents and different styles in the Collected Edition of Chen Weisong's Ci. Compared with Xing Qiji, there is a special style of Jialing's Ci-poem-steady but not gloomy.


Objectives: The software security and its proper measurement involve various tools and techniques. To make software secure its foundation stone, the requirement, should also be secure and therefore the integrity control for requirement at the same phase became the objective for delivering secure requirement and so forth the software. Method/Analysis: The past research study entails about less secure software deliver by industries and among the major cause of security lacking, one cause is integrity to requirements. Requirement integrity can be observed as trustworthy, complete and veracity requirement for producing secure software. Only conceptual notion of integrity is not capable to make any component secure but it must be depicted in understandable and quantifiable idiom for assessing the better security solution to requirement and therefore to software. Findings: MQIR (Model to quantify integrity) for requirement at requirement phase of software development process is a new assessment technique that tries to satisfy all major constraints regarding secure requirements and so forth for software. To implement this new technique a relevant set of values in terms of input is captured for proper data management from various live projects under going in some software companies of repute. An appropriate quantification of requirement data is also furnished for sufficient checking of security level and its efficiency. The technique has also been validated through capturing online shopping data so that its implications may also be assessed accurately. Novelty/Improvement: As far as the application of this technique (MQIR) is concern, the article emphasis on complete usability of online functioning at its highest level of integrity that maintains security with the boundary conditions of e-commerce.


Providing security to the confidential data is critical job nowadays. To provide enhanced security—23*y, dual biometric authentication can be used. In this, two different biometric data is implemented where primary authentication method is Iris recognition and secondary authentication method is chosen randomly using random option generator. Secondary authentication methods such as Fingerprint Recognition, Face Detection, Voice Recognition, Palm detection. By this it is ensured that the rendered services are accessed only by a legitimate user and no one else. It would be really hard to guess which of the secondary authentication could be requested to bypass the system even if they somehow manage to bypass Iris Recognition. With the help of this type of authentication theft of highly confidential data will not be possible.


18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequences of several Eimeria species from chickens and squirrels were aligned to design common primers for Eimeria parasites from various hosts based on the conserved sequences of both 3'end of 18S rRNA and 5'end of 28S rRNA.1178bp of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 complete sequence of E.stiedai,including 423bp of ITS1,155bp of 5.8S rRNA,and 600bp of ITS2,was firstly cloned with the common primers and genomic DNA of oocysts of LY isolate as templates.In contrast to 5.8S rRNA fragment,ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of E.stiedai LY isolate is more variable,and less than 60% of ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of LY isolate was identical to those of Eimeria species in chickens and other rodent hosts.A sensitive and specific PCR diagnostic assay based on the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequence was developed to identify for E.stiedai,one of high pathogenic species from rabbits by designing specific primers for E.stiedai at the mutative sites of ITS1 and ITS2.These findings will provide a powerful tool for clinical differentiation of high pathogenic Eimeria species in rabbits and revealing population genetic characteristics of rabbit coccidia.


Software GNSS signal simulators produce the digital IF signal to test the algorithms of GNSS receiver. Because of the limitation of parallel computing capability that general CPU can provide, software GNSS simulator cannot generate signal synchronously when the sample rate is tens of MSPS. To solve this problem, a DDFS algorithm accelerated by CUDA technology is introduced. By optimizing the data transitions and execution path, the real-time simulation can run at sample rate up to 58MSPS. The simulator has been proved functional by general GNSS acquisition and tracking software.


In ISSAC 2000, P. Lisoněk and R.B. Israel [3] asked whether, for any given positive real constants V,R,A1,A2,A3,A4, there are always finitely many tetrahedra, all having these values as their respective volume, circumradius and four face areas. In this paper we present a negative solution to this problem by constructing a family of tetrahedra T(x,y) where $(x,y)$ varies over a component of a cubic curve such that all tetrahedra T(x,y) share the same volume, circumradius and face areas.


Contributors Preface Part I. Water Transport and Uptake Section 1. Mechanisms of Epithelial Fluid Transport: 1. Intracellular gradients in electrical potential and ion activity in absorptive epithelia T. Zeuthen 2. Fluid transport by corneal endothelium Jorge Fischbard 3. Fluid transport across Nectrus gallbladder epithelium A. E. Hill 4. Observations on the action of ureal and other substances in opening the paracellular pathway in amphibian skins E. Gonzalez, T. Kirchausen, H. Linares and G. Whittembury Section 2. Uptake of Water Vapour by Arthopods: 5. Absorption of water vapour by Thermobia domestica and other insects J. Noble-Nesbitt 6. Water vapour uptake by Tenebrio: a new approach to studying the phenomenon John Machin 7. Uptake of water vapour by mites and mechanisms utilized by the Acareidei G. W. Wharton 8. Uptake of water vapour from the air: process, site and mechanism in ticks Dieter Rudolph and Willi Knulle 9. The site of water vapour absorption in Arenivaga investigata M. J. O'Donnell Part II. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Unbalanced Environments Section 1. Non-Vertebrates: 10. Some strategies of osmoregulation and ion transport in microorganisms D. J. Ellar 11. Mechanisms of ionic and osmotic regulation in saline-water mosquito larvae John E. Phillips, T. J. Bradley and S. H. P. Madrell 12. Inhibition of magnesium secretion in the prawn Palaemon serratus by ethacrynic acid and by ligature of the eyestalks S. E. Franklin, B. Teinsongrusmee and A. P. M. Lockwood Section 2. Vertebrates: 13. Electrolyte transport across the bird coprodeum: role in osmoregulation Erik Skadhauge 14. Salt glands in marine birds: what triggers secretion and what makes them grow M. Peaker 15. Aspects of adaptation of fish to high external alkalinity: comparison of Tilapia grahami and T. mossambica J. Maetz and G. De Renzis 16. Osmoregulation in Tilapia grahami: a fish in extreme alkalinity G. M. O Maloiy, G. Likkeboe, K. Johansen and O. S. Bamford 17. The internal environment of marine fish Ragnar Fange 18. Control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in teleost fish T. Abrahamsson and S. Nilsson Part III. Fluid Mechanisms in Biology: 19. Fluid propulsion by cilia and flagella M. A. Sleigh 20. Fluid skeletons in aquatic and terrestrial animals H. D. Jones 21. The fluid mechanics of circulatory systems T. J. Pedley 22. Convective flows in mammalian lungs R. C. Schroter 23. The aerodynamics of normal hovering flight: three approaches C. P. Ellington Index.


NEJM analysis proves what has been suspected for decades: Alcohol can be more deadly in the psoriasis population as compared to non-psoriasis patients.


The extraction method and sulfuric acid anthrone detection method of Ganoderma lucidum polyscaccharides(GLP) were optimized by single factors and orthogonal experiment.The optimum method of extraction and detection for GLP was as followed: powder sample through a 60 mesh sieve,presoak for 1.5 h,pH 8.0,the mass ratio of Ganoderma lucidum and water 1∶ 70,microwave power 400 W for 20 min,extracted twice and then 90% sulfuric acid anthrone-detection method with water bath for 10 min.The antioxidant ability of GLP extraction by microwave method was studied through tests on scavenging DPPH free radicals.


People in Bengkulu Province generally consume 3 (three) types of oranges, namely Kalamansi Oranges, Gerga Oranges, and Brastagi Oranges. Orange Gerga is a local variety originating from Bengkulu Province, to be precise from Rimbo Pengadang District, Rejang Lebong Regency. While Kalamansi Oranges and Brastagi Oranges are citrus varieties originating from outside the region that has been widely planted by people in Bengkulu. The sweet taste of these three oranges is different which indicates the difference in the sugar content in them. This study aims to analyze the glucose content in the three oranges. The analysis method uses the Luff Schoorl method according to SNI 01-2891-1992. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Each sample of orange juice as much as 5 grams was analyzed up to three times. The results showed that the highest glucose levels were in Kalamansi Oranges (0.58%), Brastagi Oranges (0.48%) and the lowest was Gerga Oranges (0.44%).


[1] Kyle Adams, in his article "Aspects of the Music/Text Relationship in Rap," (MTO 14.2, May 2008) has provided an important contribution to the analysis of rap music, locating moments of unity between beat and flow in elements such as rhythm, pitch, and motive.(2) His analysis begins with the insight that rap lyrics (what he calls the "text") are composed after the music, rather than the reverse as in other genres (Schubert lieder, for example), and that rappers respond to the music in their rap delivery rather than setting the music to the text. Considering the high number of sociological and lyric-based examples of scholarship on rap music, his engagement with the "musical" aspects of rap in close detail is a welcome one. Mostly by way of rhythmic analysis, he demonstrates that "in many rap songs, the text supports the music more than music supports the text" [par. 13].[2] Coming from the perspective of someone who has been frustrated by the prevalence of lyric-based analyses of rap, Adams's work refreshingly strives to balance this with a music-based analysis. It is true that the rappers often respond to elements in the music, and this insight has lacked detailed scholarly investigation, but some of Adams's assumptions and justifications deserve some qualification.[3] While I agree with the analysis produced, I agree less with the justifications of his premise and other details that may inaccurately pose as generalizations about "rap music." Though many of his assumptions are not entirely false, they warrant further evidence if they wish to be applied as widely as they are used in the article. Some of these include:1. Rap music is composed before the text, and the two acts of composition are largely separate from each other.2. 1970s rap music, in terms of compositional process, flowed seamlessly into the 1980s recording studio.3. The rapper composes/improvises over a fixed rhythmic loop.4. Insight into how the music was written lends meaning to the analysis.5. As "unity is a familiar criterion of value for individual musical compositions," to quote Fred Maus (1999, 171), when unity cannot be found in one area (e.g. narrative in the lyrics), locating unity elsewhere (e.g. moments of congruence between "text" and "music" in rhythm, pitch, motive, etc.) will validate the analysis, and in part, explain the high regard the music may have been given elsewhere, such as listener acclaim of "Scenario" as "rap music of superior quality" [par. 4].6. The realization of this particular music/text relationship, and its moments of unity, will enhance the listening experience.7. This complex style of rap, exemplified by the Native Tongues, was part of a large-scale shift in rap music topics from an earlier style of rap towards "complexity, abstraction, and metaphor" [par. 3].[4] An analysis based on the assertion that the music is composed before the text is an intriguing one, and perhaps has potential application to other media composition that begin with the music first, such as music video. But the language of the article seems to assume that a significant portion of the music/"beat" is written, followed by the rap/text which is performed and recorded, and that there is no exchange between the two processes, similar to the inverse premise that the words are always written first in opera scenes, which is not always the case. Though Adams is not entirely explicit regarding to which stage in the compositional process to which he is referring (sampling as the basic compositional unit, the "basic beat," final composition of the beat), failing to acknowledge the nuance and complexity of the process risks yielding to over-generalization. Rap scholarship should engage in further investigation of compositional process in rap music, as more evidence of these processes is needed before overall assumptions can be inferred.(3) For example, rappers often already have concepts or full lyrics jotted down before they encounter a pre-composed or partially composed "beat" (2Pac's sketchbooks demonstrate one example of this). …


The invention discloses an egg-yolk pumpkin pie which is formed by deep-frying stuffing covered by surface pulp, and the stuffing comprises, by weight, 38-42 parts of egg yolk, 37-43 parts of pumpkin, 4-8 parts of salad oil, 2-6 parts of malt syrup, 1-3 parts of starch, 2-6 parts of sugar, 1-3 parts of salt, and 1.5-4 parts of monosodium glutamate. The surface pulp comprises, by weight, 57-63 parts of chicken, 12-17 parts of pig shop fat, 8-13 parts of corn starch, 6-10 parts of water, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 2-6 parts of sugar, and 1-3 parts of monosodium glutamate. Fat in the egg yolk contains a large number of phospholipids and abundant other nutrients, mineral and vitamins. The pumpkin contains the starch, protein, carotene, the vitamin B, the vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and the like. The egg-yolk pumpkin pie is abundant in nutrition and has a food therapy role which can not be ignored, the egg yolk is matched the pumpkin to be salty and sweet properly, the egg-yolk pumpkin pie is smooth in taste and is a rare food, the chicken is used for covering the stuffing and then is deep-fried, the egg-yolk pumpkin pie is crispy on the outside and soft on the inside and higher in nutrition value.


Microdielectrometry was applied to macroscopically anisotropic media. The distribution and effective portion of the electrostatic energy density, w 14 and J 14, respectively, were calculated, considering the additive contributions of four pairs of microelectrodes. The electric field lines were calculated numerically and investigated experimentally with polarised optical microscopy using thin layers of a nematic liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy. The applicability of microdielectrometry was investigated using the nematic liquid crystal. Microdielectrometric monitoring was also performed during the preparation process for a solid film with oriented domains with long axes perpendicular to the electric filed cast from an isotropic aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose under the sinusoidal electric field with large amplitude of 2.0 kV mm−1 and frequency of 105 Hz. In the logarithmic relation between the dielectric constant and loss factor divided by J 14, the two dielectric parameters measured for different film thicknesses at 2.0 kV mm−1 were superposed on a single curve. The curve for the electrically oriented domains was considrably different from that for a randomly oriented polydomain texture found under the electric field with small amplitude of 0.05 kV mm−1 and the same frequency.


The main aim of the study is to identify the main streams of permanent migration and determine their reach. Special attention has been paid to rural areas (a rural commune, the rural area of an urban–rural commune) as the origin and destination of migration. The study has been conducted at the lowest level of territorial division in Poland (NUTS 5 – cities and communes). The analysed data cover the period between 2002 and 2017 and come from the online database Demografia GUS [Demography, Statistics Poland]. While presenting the volume and directions of migrations, the total and maximum values of migration have been considered. This approach allowed identifying the catchment areas as well as the areas of migratory attractiveness. These areas are highly similar in terms of their spatial extent. However, they differ significantly in terms of magnitude and reach of the main migration streams. Permanent internal migrations within rural areas are the least significant among all migration directions. One of their characteristics is the fact that they are short–distance migrations, occurring between neighbouring units. Permanent internal migrations appear to be a good indicator of urbanisation of suburban zones and the shaping of functional urban–rural–urban connections.


This paper studies the role of sentiment shocks as a source of business cycle fluctuations. Considering a standard New Keynesian model of the business cycle, it introduces agents that update beliefs about the parameters of their forecasting models using newly observed data and exogenous sentiment shocks. The resulting learning model fits U.S. data better than its non-sentiment version and than its rational expectations counterpart. Sentiment is found to be an important driver of economic fluctuations, accounting for up to half of the forecast error variance of aggregate variables at business cycle frequencies. Furthermore, sentiment displays a common pattern for real GDP, investment and consumption growth, where a significant part of the sluggish recovery following a recession can be attributed to the persistent pessimistic views of agents. Sentiment also explains a substantial fraction of the high inflation experienced during the 70's and early 80's.


The plasma spray process is used extensively in the aerospace industry for manufacturing key components exposed to excessively high temperatures, aggressive chemical environments, wear, abrasion, erosion and cavitation. The process covers a large field of parameters so that almost every layer can be combined with any other as well as with the base material. Coatings can be deposited uniformly; therefore, they allow worn components to be brought to final dimensions in the process of aircraft repair. This research shows an effective procedure of the application of plasma spray coatings on the parts of the Astazou IIIB turbo - jet engine in the process of repair. The engine manufacturer, Turbomeca, has prescribed that powders should be deposited by plasma spray systems under designation Metco 3M and 7M for the prescribed parameters of powder deposition, so that during the application of other plasma spray depositing systems the parameters must be tested and optimized. The aim was to apply the Plasmadyne plasma spray system during the repair process and to optimize the parameters, which will enable producing coatings that fulfill all the criteria prescribed in the engine manufacturer standard. The optimization of the parameters was carried out with a plasma gun MINI - GUN II with a large number of samples. This paper presents the optimal parameters of the deposition on the ASTAZOU III B engine casing, casing frame, duct and oil tank. The assessment of the coating mechanical properties was done by the HV0.3 microhardness testing method. Tensile bond strength of the coatings was investigated by a tensile test. The microstructures of the coating layers were evaluated on an optical microscope - OM. The analysis of the microstructures and the mechanical characteristics of the coatings was done in accordance with the TURBOMECA standard. The quality of the deposited coatings was confirmed by a 42-hour test of the ASTAZUOIIIB engine parts on a test stand. The performed tests have confirmed the quality of the coatings thus enabling the application of the plasma spray technology in the process of the ASTAZOUIIIB engine overhaul.


Objective: Determining which subgroups show the most substantial differences on a measure is a common use of surveys. How to accurately and fairly determine which subgrouping is most important has not been addressed adequately in the literature. I show how dominance analysis is a useful way to identify the most important subgroup differences. Because surveys commonly employ complex sampling designs, I also provide practical guidelines for determining subgroup relative importance from complex survey data. Methods: The advantages of dominance analysis over alternative analysis procedures for determining importance are discussed using an empirical example from the political party affiliation question in the General Social Survey. Additionally, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to examine the accuracy of dominance analysis with complex sampling accounting for sample weights, strata, both, and neither compared to known population values. Results: Dominance analysis clearly identifies the urbanicity subgrouping as having the most important differences on political party affiliation. Results also show the use of survey weights can have non-trivial effects on subgroup rank ordering. The simulation shows that weighed dominance statistics were more accurate than unweighted statistics. Stratified analyses had no effect on relative importance statistics. Conclusions: Dominance analysis is a useful way to identify key subgroup differences on survey measures. Survey weights are necessary to use for dominance analysis, when available, in order to obtain an accurate representation of the rank order and magnitude of differences between subgroup indicators on a survey measure. The article concludes by outlining situations where dominance analysis is recommended.


1. Single giant barnacle muscle fibres from Megabalanus psittacus (Darwin) were used to measure the Ca entry and the development of tension in the fibres under membrane potential control.


Neonatal infectious pneumonia is a common disease with the inflammation pathological change of the neonatal,s lung in neonatal period.Clinical manifestations are mainly about respiratory symptoms,but the early respiratory symptoms and physical signs are not obvious,especially for premature infant,early diagnosis and treatment are difficult.In recent years,with the improvement of medical treatment and the clinical drug development,domestic and international research on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia has made new progress.This article reviews study progress about neonatal infectious pneumonia.


Research on 4A(Any-time, Any-where, Any-device, Any-contents) services for the next-generation multimedia services is developed with the trend of the integration of wire and wireless networks and the convergence of telecommunications and broadcasting. In this paper we proposed a design of SVC(Scalable Video Coding) overlay multicast mechanism which can provide typical next-generation multimedia services such as SVC streaming. A novel overlay multicast algorithm called ACK-Flow tree optimization algorithm is proposed to guarantee SVC streaming with high efficiency.


Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterised by recurrent seizures with a wide range of cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Seizures are the transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to abnormal excessive synchronous neural activity. Epilepsy is currently treated with medication or by a resective surgical procedure; however, about 30% of patients still do not achieve seizure control. The unpredictability of when seizures occur means that even infrequent seizures can have a devastating effect on someone's life and has hampered progress in response mode treatments. There has, therefore, been a major research drive for the development of seizure prediction/detection techniques. These have suffered from poor sensitiv- ity and/or specificity. Moreover, many of the advanced mathematical methods for seizure detection/prediction do no more than reproduce the results of linear and simpler approaches. This thesis focuses on the scaling properties of intracranial electrophysiologi- cal measures from both humans and rats. Firstly, a novel approach to evaluate mul- tifractal properties of brain signals is presented and its properties are demonstrated. Secondly, the developed approach is applied in a series of clinical challenges: distinguishing sleep phases; a study on characteristic time for seizure detection; a pu- tative classification scheme for focal epileptic seizures; and an evaluation of data from an animal model of epileptogenesis. The proposed technique was capable of extracting distinct information from the EEG signals that has clinical utility. Moreover, the multifractal nature of the brain signals hints at how neural structures work and lends support to results from previous research.


Active three-dimensional vision is concerned with extracting Information from the geometry and the texture of the visible surfaces in a scene, reasoning about the data and finally, communicating the results. In order to take full advantage of these vision systems, one must understand not only their advantages but also their limitations. This paper covers some Issues that must be addressed before embarking In a 3D scanning project.


1. Just as Malaysia was hurtling into existence when the territories of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore willed its formation on 16 September 1963, Patrick Ng Kah Onn, a member of the Wednesday Art Group in Kuala Lumpur, began experimenting with a new series of batik paintings. Batik had just been declared a unique Malayan contribution to modern art in the previous decade.[1] The medium was seen as offering a technical innovation consonant with the initiation of a new national imaginary as Malaya achieved independence in 1957, one in which a traditional craft could be transformed into a modern form and channel new pictorial possibilities.[2] Art historian Zakaria Ali later wrote, 'We can argue that the identity of modern Malaysian art is in batik by proposing that we have used the sarung for hundreds of years, as noted in an early 15th century Chinese text.' He also wrote of the medium's affective potency, highlighting batik's sentimental trigger, 'Batik delivers something oils can never do: with batik we feel, smell, evoke, touch our homeland.'[3]


A compilation of paintings by Doirean Wilson: Emerging from the researcher's journey into the study of the `Relationship between Respect and Culture in a classroom learning context.


Heart rate is important vital signs and has been utilized for medical diagnostic. It is well known that resting heart rate can be regarded as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The standard methods for estimation of heart rate are the electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography, and high-priced dedicated machines are required. However, in order to stay healthy, self-diagnosis of health conditions is very important. In this paper, to promote self-diagnosis, we propose a novel noncontact heart rate estimation system on a single board computer using a RGB camera. Our system is one of the least expensive way to estimate heart rate by using non-dedicated hardware. In our method, most proper measurement area is automatically determined by skin-color detection. Then, the time wave form of the green-channel is regarded as cardiac pulse waves, and heart rate can be estimated by the nonparametric power spectral density estimation and the peak detection algorithm. Experimental results cleared that proposed system has comparable heart rate estimation performance compared with a pulse oximeter.


Provided are a light-emitting assembly, a backlight module and a display device. The light-emitting assembly comprises a circuit board and at least one light-emitting unit arranged on the circuit board, each light-emitting unit comprises a light source, and light absorption elements are arranged on the circuit board and around the light sources. By means of the light-emitting assembly, the backlight module and the display device, lamp shadows and bright specks are weakened or eliminated, and the overall taste of a picture is improved.


Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is one of the adaptive pathways that contribute to cancer cell chemoresistance. Despite the fact that autophagy can both promote and inhibit cell death, there is mounting evidence that in the context of anticancer treatment, it predominantly functions as a cell survival mechanism. Therefore, silencing of key autophagy genes emerges as a potent strategy to reduce chemoresistance. Though the importance of autophagy in chemoresistance is established, the changes in autophagy in the case of acquired chemoresistance are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes of autophagy in the cellular model of acquired chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620, induced by 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or oxaliplatin (OxaPt) treatment, and determine the susceptible factors for autophagy inhibition. Our results demonstrate that in the context of autophagy, 5‐FU and OxaPt have different effects on HCT116 and SW620 cell lines and their chemoresistant sublines. 5‐FU inhibits autophagic flux, while changes in the flux after OxaPt treatment are cell type‐ and dose‐dependent, inducing autophagy reduction or increase. The chemoresistant subline of HCT116 cells derived by OxaPt differs from the subline derived by 5‐FU treatment – it responds to OxaPt by upregulating ATG7 protein level and autophagic flux, in contrast to downregulation in cells derived by 5‐FU. Moreover, 5‐FU and OxaPt treatments significantly modulate protein levels of core‐autophagy proteins ATG7 and ATG12. The potential effects of 5‐FU and OxaPt on ATG protein levels should be taken into account to reduce chemoresistance by applying small interferingRNAs, targeting ATG proteins.


The following list of measurements contains selected results obtained by the La Jolla Radiocarbon Laboratory from November 1966 to July 1971. During the same period 382 measurements were made on tree-ring-dated wood in studying secular variations of the atmospheric C14 level and of the absolute radiocarbon time scale [Suess, 1970a, 1970b]. Results of these measurements are not included here. Also not included are 124 measurements of C14 determinations in extraterrestrial material and results of other occasional investigations will be published elsewhere.


The purpose of this work is to develop an optical distance sensor of reduced size and very-low power consumption to be used on a measuring system for characterizing steel pipes. The work led to the construction of a working prototype configured as an active triangulation rangefinder with a gamut of 10 cm starting at 5 cm. The experimental measurements have confirmed the feasibility of this new lightweight and extremely small size rangefinder with a resolution of about 10 μm on a range of measurement of 10 cm, providing up to 10000 measurements per second.


We describe a version of AdS/CFT duality proposed by Sezgin, Sundell, Klebanov and Polyakov, between the O(N) model in two dimensions and Fradkin-Vasiliev higher spin gravity in three dimensions, and begin to reformulate it as a mathematical conjecture expressing traces of differential and pseudodifferential operators in terms of a classical boundary value problem in an infinite-component Chern-Simons theory.


This paper studies welfare consequences of consumer-side market transparency with endogenous entry of firms. Different from most studies, we consider the unique symmetric entry equilibrium, which is in mixed strategies. We identify two effects of market transparency on welfare: a competition effect and a novel market-structure effect. We show, surprisingly, that for almost all demand functions the negative market-structure effect eventually dominates the positive competition effect as the market becomes increasingly transparent. Consumer-side market transparency can therefore be socially excessive even without collusion. The only exception among commonly used demand functions is the set of constant demand functions.


Abstract We performed calculations of the triplet excited state of NaCl using a periodic model and starting from the perfect lattice configuration. The Density Functional Theory and a plane wave basis set were used to calculate supercells of up to 144 atoms. No minimum of the total energy was found along an adiabatic curve corresponding to the displacement of one C1 atom along the [110] axis and adiabatic relaxation of surrounding ions. The electron density in calculated configurations corresponds to the off-centre STE model and F-H pair. We suggest that the existence of a local energy minimum is not a necessary condition for exciton self-trapping in NaCl and that it could have a dynamic nature starting from precursor states due to lattice fluctuations.