This work deals with the study of viscoelastic modeling and vibration analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite shell panels where carbon nanotubes are reinforced in the polymer matrix based on the functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes. Five types of grading of carbon nanotubes (such as UD, FGX, FGV, FGO, and FGΛ) in the thickness directions have been considered in order to investigate the vibration damping performance of such composite shell panels. A detailed mathematical formulation for the determination viscoelastic properties is presented. The Mori–Tanaka micromechanics in conjunction with weak interface theory has been developed for the mathematical formulations of the viscoelastic modeling of carbon nanotubes based polymer matrix phase. An eight-noded shell element with five degrees-of-freedom per node has been formulated to study the vibration damping characteristics of various panels made by such functionally graded nanocomposite materials. The shell finite element formulation is based on the transverse shear effects as per the Mindlin's hypothesis, and stress resultant-type Koiter's shell theory. Impulse and frequency responses of such structures have been performed to study the effects of various important parameters (such as volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, interfacial condition, agglomeration, temperature, geometries of shell panel) on the dynamic responses. Obtained results demonstrate that quick vibration mitigation may be possible using such carbon nanotubes based proposed composite materials.


In this work a numerical simulation of the propagation of a plasma bunch in the experimental plasma focus facility was carried out to determine the parameters influencing on the value of an opening angle. Both the experiment and the numerical simulations are supposed to have the same dimensionless parameters as astrophysical jets. The dependence of the jet opening angle on the magnitude of the magnetic field and the ratio of the densities of the jet itself and the surrounding plasma was investigated. Due to the obtained results, it became possible to determine the dominant factor responsible for jet collimation.


Autonomous self-driving car has gained a lot of interest with the advance of robotic technology. An autonomous car using only visual information for autonomous navigation is expected to mimic the way human driving capability. The car has to navigate robustly and completing the tasks in a specified environment. These tasks for example detecting road lanes, pedestrians, or road signs. In this paper, as a step toward the goal of developing an autonomous self-driving car, we develop a prototype of autonomous line following robot. Using only visual information, we study a visual servoing technique for which the robot able to detect road lanes and navigate autonomously. An image processing technique is employed to obtain effective features for feedback control. The controller utilizes features extracted from the image plane, without using the complete geometric representation. Motion is controlled only on x-axis or heading angle control. The proportional integral and derivative controller is used to maintain the heading of the robot. Experiments show encouraging result for the robot to navigate autonomously given the road lanes and maintain heading angle.


Oral historians are well aware that subjectivity - both our subjects' and our own - shapes the content and interpretation of our work. At the same time, and though oral history often encompasses intergenerational talk, oral histo- rians have yet to develop in-depth theory and method to account for varia- tions in subjective identity arising from differences in age and generational cohort. This essay surveys findings from life-course development research which characterize the (often unconscious) divergences of interpretation and understanding arising within intergenerational communication. Close analy- ses of oral histories created by college students and elder subjects suggest patterns through which age-related differences reported by life-course devel- opment research can drive the focus and content of interviews, and influ- ence interpretation of collected materials.


A pleon of a new fresh water isopod, provisionally attributed to the family Sphaeromatidae (Monolistrini sensu Racovitza, 1910)was found in a cave in Dalmacija (Croatia). Although known from such a small part of the body, Merozoon vestigatum g. n., sp. n. is easily recognizable. It is doubtlessly a new species which can only be attributed to a new genus in agreement with the criteria up to now used for this genera-group. All pleonites are fused with the pleotelson, the free epimera of the anterior pleonites are very poorly developed, not reaching the pleotelson lateral borders; uropods are strongly reduced, uniarticulate, inserted in the middle of the pleotelson lateral sides. It could be shown that its inclusion into Sphaeromatidae can hardly be challenged, and that its only alternative, Cirolanidae, is very unlikely.


Development of biosensors for the detection of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), the key contaminant in heparin (Hep), is a greatly demanding but challenging task. In this work, a FRET system for the detection of OSCS was successfully constructed by using supercharged green fluorescent protein (ScGFP) as the energy donor and dye labelled Hep (Hep-RF1) as the energy acceptor. With heparinase treatment, Hep-RF1 was hydrolyzed into small fragments, resulting in quenching of the FRET signal. On the other hand, since OSCS is an inhibitor for heparinase, the presence of OSCS would enable the effective FRET from ScGFP to Hep-RF1 even after heparinase treatment. With this ScGFP based FRET sensing platform, as low as 0.001% (w/w) OSCS in Hep has been successfully detected.


California's effective implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has led to the largest drop of the uninsured of all 50 states, with 93 percent of state residents now covered by health insurance. In spite of these coverage gains and improved affordability for many, individuals eligible for Covered California make up the state's second largest group of uninsured after undocumented residents. Many Californians enrolled in individual market coverage also struggle to afford premiums and out-of-pocket costs.


Background Global Health Alliance (GHA) consists of medical experts from leading universities, royal colleges and hospitals of UK. The organisation works towards skilling and up-skilling healthcare professionals worldwide. Aims GHA has focused its efforts in developing countries. One of the main areas has been improving rural and urban healthcare delivery in India In India the healthcare system is still in its primitive stages, hundreds die due to the lack of a proper emergency medical system (EMS). Our aim is to see the day to day running's of the Indian EMS and help improve the system by implementing much needed changes. Methods GHA was involved with the collaboration of Indian EMS specialists with UK experts by holding talks and discussions with both groups to see where the Indian system can improve. Courses were then created. These courses ran monthly assessments over a 6 month period where opportunity for staff and patient group input was encouraged and further improvements were discussed and implemented. Results Once our course was delivered we decided to get feedback in the form of a national survey, where staff trained by GHA described their experiences and changes in practice. We have results which show that delivery of EMS, post GHA courses, has shown improvements in clinical skills, confidence and patient-centeredness in >90% of those that had taken the course. Conclusions In the near future India will be the most populous country. The implementation of these courses is moving healthcare in the right direction but major work still needs to be done to cope, sustain and further advance the Indian EMS.


From perspective of behavior research,using questionnaire survey and depth interview method,influencing factors on rural residents' health seeking behavior in Chaohu City were analyzed,the relationship between rural residents health seeking behavior status and cooperative medical system change was discussed.


The lifetime of the Ar13+ 1s(2)2s(2)2p2p0(3/2) metastable level was determined at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap to be 9.573(4)(5). The accuracy level of one per thousand makes this measurement sensitive to quantum electrodynamic effects like the electron anomalous magnetic moment (EAMM) and to relativistic electron-electron correlation effects like the frequency-dependent Breit interaction. Theoretical predictions, adjusted for the EAMM, cluster about a lifetime that is approximately shorter than our experimental result.


Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify the associated risk factors. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the medical outpatient department of the Central Hospital, Warri from March to August 2014 after approval by the hospital′s health and ethics committee. Materials and Methods: Two hundred T2DM aged 45-80 years were randomly selected for the study after obtaining their informed consent. Three-morning urine samples collected at 1-month interval were tested for MA using the "MICRAL test" strip. A fasting blood sample was also drawn after 10-12 h overnight fasting for plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum creatinine investigations. MA was diagnosed if the urinary albumin excretion ratio was between 30 and 300 mg/24 h from two separate urine samples. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of MA was 58%. The mean age, duration of T2DM, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c level, serum creatinine of type 2 diabetes with MA were significantly higher when compared to T2DM patients without MA while the mean diastolic blood pressure body mass index and age did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of the MA among type 2 diabetes visiting a medical outpatient clinic in Central Hospital, Warri were high and similar to that reported in other studies.


Organizational reforms stimulating democratic decision making are crucial for the economic effectiveness of debt relief. This claim is supported by a theoretic model illustrating the possible role of democratic decision making in increasing lending as well as in determining the effectiveness of debt relief. The proposed model suggests a novel explanation to the advantage of conditioning debt relief on organizational reforms.


Objective To explore the effective management method for phone reservation services in the service center,so as to improve the rate of phone reservation and patient satisfaction.Methods Every nurse had a number for herself.The nurse needed to report her number when answering reservation calls.The workload of nurses was measured based on the records of phone reservation and their salary was given according to their workload.The other measures included standardizing civilization speaking and strengthening the training of personal quality.Results The number of patients receiving phone reservation services was raised and their satisfaction was increased.Conclusion The phone reservation and reporting the code of nurses service can enhance the work efficiency of nurses and patient satisfaction.


It is widely thought that changes in both the surface buoyancy fluxes and wind stress drive variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), but that they drive variability on different time scales. For example, wind forcing dominates short-term variability through its effects on Ekman currents and coastal upwelling, whereas buoyancy forcing is important for longer time scales (multiannual and decadal). However, the role of the wind forcing on multiannual to decadal time scales is less clear. Here the authors present an analysis of simulationswith theNucleus for EuropeanModelling of theOcean (NEMO)oceanmodel with the aim of explaining the important drivers of the zonal density gradient at 268N, which is directly related to the AMOC. In the experiments, only one of either the wind stress or the buoyancy forcing is allowed to vary in time, whereas the other remains at its seasonally varying climatology. On subannual time scales, variations in the density gradient, and in the AMOC minus Ekman, are driven largely by local wind-forced coastal upwelling at both the western and eastern boundaries. On decadal time scales, buoyancy forcing related to the North Atlantic Oscillation dominates variability in the AMOC. Interestingly, however, it is found that wind forcing also plays a role at longer time scales, primarily impacting the interannual variability through the excitation of Rossby waves in the central Atlantic, which propagate westward to interact with the western boundary, but also by modulating the decadal time-scale response to buoyancy forcing.


Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process that combines advantages of the analytic hierarchy process with the advantages of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method decides the weight of each of the influence factors by use of analytic hierarchy process and finds out the indexes of each scheme by use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and finally improves the efficiency of decision-making. After analyzing the factors that influence the decision-making in location selection of distribution centers, a model used for making decision on location selection of distribution centers is founded by use of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The validity of this model is proved by a case study.


Research in developing countries is faced with many problems, with most institutions of higher learning characterized by low levels of research output. Many scholars are in agreement that collaboration in research yields a number of benefits, and could be seen as a means of promoting research systems and productivity in Africa. Many studies on research collaborations have focused on the developed world, with reference to the issue in developing countries mainly based on assumptions and generalizations that need verification. This research therefore is an in-depth investigation into the collaboration process within the scientific academic research community in Kenya. It seeks to understand the collaboration process and its facilitation, aiming at devising strategies for promoting computer mediated collaboration within the research community in a developing world context.


We present a multi-channel transmitter that employs an arrayed reflective electroabsorption modulator-based photonic integrated circuit and low-power driver array. Error-free 11.3-Gb/s per channel performance is achieved over 96 km of SSMF, with negligible crosstalk (<1-dB penalty) in
multi-channel operation.


The utility model discloses a re-constructible game machine. The re-constructible game machine comprises a collapsible bottom with a first structure and a second structure. In an embodiment, the collapsible bottom comprises two parts which can move relative to each other. Moreover, when the collapsible bottom is at a storage structure, the two parts of the collapsible bottom are constructed to face to each other. The first structure of the collapsible bottom is similar to a trailer; and the second structure of the collapsible bottom is similar to a wrestling arena. In another embodiment, the re-constructible game machine comprises at least four supporting columns and at least one elastic rope connected to the four supporting columns. In another embodiment, the utility model discloses a re-constructible vehicle or a toy vehicle game device connected to the toy vehicle.


Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique with vast applications in the homeland security and defense arenas. The Raman effect is defined by the inelastic interaction of the incident laser with the analyte molecule's vibrational modes, which can be exploited to detect and identify chemicals in various environments and for the detection of hazards in the field, at checkpoints, or in a forensic laboratory with no contact with the substance. A major source of error that overwhelms the Raman signal is fluorescence caused by the background and the sample matrix. Novel methods are being developed to enhance the Raman signal's sensitivity and to reduce the effects of fluorescence by altering how the hazard material interacts with its environment and the incident laser. Basic Raman techniques applicable to homeland security applications include conventional (off-resonance) Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), resonance Raman spectroscopy, and spatially or temporally offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS and TORS). Additional emerging Raman techniques, including remote Raman detection, Raman imaging, and Heterodyne imaging, are being developed to further enhance the Raman signal, mitigate fluorescence effects, and monitor hazards at a distance for use in homeland security and defense applications.


With the development of smartphones, cameras based on ultra-small, high-definition, and open platforms have been mass-produced. In this paper, we outline how we built an emulation system to verify the bio-imaging performance of bulky and expensive high-performance cameras previously used in bio-imaging devices, and various smartphone cameras. Four types of camera were tested in the emulator, and the gel image analysis results were compared by selecting three cameras with more linear changes in slope, which matched the performance evaluation in the emulator.


This paper proposes a monolayer Halbach array based permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSpM) using cubic permanent magnets (PM). The research aims to provide a fast computing model to calculate the magnetic field for this PMSpM, which helps for future PMSpM optimization and control study. Three thickness equivalence principles are provided and compared for cubic PMs. The magnetic scalar potential is introduced, and the spherical harmonics expansion is implemented for rotor magnetic field analysis. Engineering revision is used to reduce the Legendre function deviation in polar angle direction. Torques and forces are deduced using the Lorentz force law, and relatively simple models of this PMSpM for both magnetic fields and torques are acquired. In addition, a prototype motor has been developed, and the analytic results of air-gap flux density and torque are compared with their finite element simulation and experimental results, which are proved consistent. It is concluded that the fundamental component of the spherical harmonics can be used to present the magnetic field model, which uses fewer integrals than the Biot-Savart law based solution, and the modeling results of the magnetic field flux density, forces and torques are in line with the expectations. The analytic models are proved correct.


In ellipsometer and polarimeter systems, reflective optics including both convex and a concave mirrors that have beam reflecting surfaces, as well as aperture control of beam size to optimize operation with respect to aberration and diffraction effects while achieve the focusing of a beam of electromagnetic radiation with minimized effects on a polarization state of an input beam state of polarization that results from adjustment of angles of incidence and reflections from the various mirrors involved, and further including detectors of electromagnetic radiation that enable optimization of the operation thereof for application over various specific wavelength ranges, involving functional combinations of gratings and/or combination dichroic beam splitter-prisms, which themselves can be optimized as regards wavelength dispersion characteristics.


Crop loads and leaf fertilizers are highly important for yield and quality of grapevine. This research was conducted in the Konya province of Turkey in 2008 and 2009. The effects of crop loads and leaf fertilizers were investigated on yield and quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Gök üzüm'. The combined leaf fertilizer (TARİŞ-ZF) significantly increased quality parameters such as berry length, berry weight, maturity index, juice yield and drying index of grapevine. Increasing crop load values (16, 21, and 26 buds/vine) increased fresh grape yield and juice yield; however, maturity index and drying index decreased in comparison to the control. According to these results, it was suggested that to produce a high yield 26 buds/vine pruning and non-fertilization could be utilized or to increase quality parameters 16 buds/vine pruning, and fertilization may be applied on grapevine cultivation.


One of the most important components of the process of teaching and learning is studying and developing students'creativity. The goal of the research is to compare the development of creativity of 5-8 grade students (10-15 years old) in the traditional way and by means of information technology. The authors' method is to Following the development of students taking part in the research (altogether n=300) aided by traditional methods (n=150 students) and aided by information technology methods (n=150) for foury ears within the framework of a longitudinal research. Another method is the comparison of two different development methods and one control group (n = 150). Those taking part in the traditional development programme used fun task sheets on paper, while the IT based development programme used digital facilites. The changes were nearly identical in both groups regarding the five dimensions (self-advocacy, dominance, curiosity – interest, genuineness – creativity, energy). The information technology method resulted bigger changes in four areas (nonconformity, complexity, impatience, playfulness) and the traditional method in two areas (risk-taking, perseverance). Both methods were proved to be efficient in development of creativity, but components of creativity changed in different ways. Article visualizations:


Along the Labrador and northeastern Newfoundland continental margins we recognize distinct Holocene sediment layers rich in detrital carbonate (DC) that likely originated through entrained glacial sediment eroded from Paleozoic limestone and dolomite bedrock flooring Hudson Bay and Strait, and transported in plumes and ice rafts by catastrophic discharges from glacial lakes in both the inner and outer branches of the Labrador Current. Radiocarbon dating shows that two DC layers on the northern Northeast Newfoundland Shelf correlate to glacial Lake Agassiz outbursts and retreat of the Noble Inlet ice advance, respectively. Foraminiferal faunas indicate the layers are associated with reduced-salinity waters. DC layers in a recently re-examined core from southern NENS suggest that outburst floodwaters likely continued traveling southward in the Labrador Current toward Grand Bank, where on the southern margin of the Bank an enigmatic deposit of sandy mud has long been known. The Tail of the Bank Mud consists of silty and clayey sand, the deposit is up to 30 km wide, and extends 200 km along the edge in present-day water depths of 55 to 120 m. The Mud rests unconformably on an erosional surface formed by the last marine transgression, which was submerged here after 10 ka. Recognition of outburst floods issuing from Hudson Strait into the Labrador Current raises a possibility that suspended plumes and ice-rafted sediment carried by these floods may have been a source for the Mud, and that mixing of early Holocene marine and floodwater could explain its known lower-salinity fauna. This is supported by new analysis of two cores that reveals two DC layers with the same foraminiferal fauna as found in DC layers farther north that are correlated to the Holocene lake outburst floods. The recognition of Holocene-aged DC layers and oxygen isotope evidence in Scotian Slope cores also indicates that outburst reduced-salinity waters had been transported south of Grand Bank at this time. We hypothesize that icebergs and outburst waters flowed over and around the Grand Bank and were transported over the shelf edge into the northern zone of the Gulf Stream. Warmer water temperatures and decreased current velocity in the deeper water facilitated deposition on the Tail of the Bank. Some of the reduced-salinity waters may have been carried by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift to the Nordic Seas, where they could have decreased thermohaline circulation, and contributed to a cold event.


-Enaminones and -enamino esters have been extensively used as key intermediates in organic synthesis [1]. In particular, they have been employed as synthons of different important antibacterial [2], anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory [3], and antitumour agents [4]. Due to their wide range application and importance, a simple and high yielding one-pot method for the synthesis of -enaminones and -enamino esters is highly desirable. The conventional approach for the preparation of -enaminones and -enamino esters is direct condensation of -dicarbonyl compounds with amines under reflux in an aromatic solvent with azeotropic removal of water [5]. Various modified synthesis pathways have been reported, such as the addition of zinc ester enolates or amide enolates to nitriles [6], tosyl imines [7], or imidoyl halides [8], the addition of enamines to activated carboxylic acid derivatives [9], and the reaction of -enamino esters with organolithium reagents [10]. Apart from these, several other improved methods for the enamination of 1,3dicarbonyl compounds have been reported using catalyst systems, such as protic


The pulp and paper industry produce dark-colored effluent with high levels of organic matter and nutrients. As a result, a biological treatment system consisting of an aeration tank containing 3.5-6 g/L starting biomass and a clarifier chamber was set up in this investigation. After acclimation, the reactor was driven at a flow rate of 5 L/day for a few weeks at 48h, 24h, and 12h HRT. All through the investigation, the concentrations of organic and nutrient parameters are measured in the influent and effluent samples and documented for data processing. The results reveal that ammonia has satisfactorily met the Standard "A" standard limits of 10 mg/L after 24 hours of HRT. As a result, reduction efficiencies for nitrate and COD were 80.5% and 95%, respectively. Surprisingly, the majority of the effluent COD readings met the acceptable standard, so no additional testing is required. The mean BOD concentration in effluent was found to be 4.54 mg/L.


Taking the Intercontinental Shenzhen as an example, this paper presents text analysis of hotel online reviews, including sentiment analysis based on sentiment dictionary and LDA topic analysis. The professional sentiment dictionary formed by expansion experiment improves the accuracy of sentiment analysis of online hotel reviews, which can be effectively applied to various scenarios of hotel online review sentiment analysis. Furthermore, LDA topic analysis is made for positive and negative reviews, in which perplexity index is introduced to determine the appropriate number of topics. Moreover, the output of LDA model is visualized by PyLDAvis. Through LDA topic analysis, the factors that lead to different guest reviews can be identified, which can further make recommendations for hotel operation management.


According to the current state of the art in reprocessing technology, the {sup 129}I contained in spent fuel elements can be completely transferred to the dissolver off-gas and efficiently adsorbed on AgNO{sub 3}-impregnated silica (AC 6120). For future transmutation, the {sup 129}I should again be separated selectively and as completely as possible (>99%) from the AC 6120 adsorption matrix. Experimental studies show that a quantitative recovery of the iodine is possible by wet chemical and thermal processes. Extraction experiments using iodine-loaded AC 6120 with sodium sulfide solution provide recovery rates of 99 {+-} 1%. reduction with hydrogen at 500 C, in which gaseous HI was liberated, provided recovery rates of >99%. After the separation of iodine, the reduced AC 6120 can be used again as an adsorbent for molecular iodine.


Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-0424 / An ultrasound evaluation of the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the operated and non-operated contralateral lower limbs following unilateral total knee replacements" by: "Z. Bi, S. K. Venkatesh, C. K. Ong; Singapore/SG"


We propose novel methods to generate a sequence of shapes that represents the pattern of morphological development or transformation of a Bézier curve. The methods utilize the intrinsic geometric structures of a Bézier curve that are derived from rib and fan decomposition (RFD) [Lee and Park 2005].
 Morphological development based on RFD shows a characteristic pattern of structural growth of a Bézier curve, which is the direct consequence of development path defined using fans. Morphological transformation based RFD utilizes development patterns of given curves inspired by the theory of evolutionary developmental biology: although two mature curves are quite different in shapes, we can easily find similarities in their younger shapes, which makes it easier to set up feature correspondences for blending. Further controls on base transformation and extrapolation ratio can determine the dominance of features and compensate the immaturity that may occur during the transformation.
 The development and transformation patterns generated with the methods have smooth and unique geometric style that cannot be generated using conventional methods based on multi-linear blending.


Kongo peasants and many Kongo nobles flocked to the cause of Beatrice, a self-proclaimed prophetic "Saint Anthony," between 1704 and 1706. Alarmed Capuchine missionaries on the scene left a suggestively full description of this young woman's meteoric rise and of her equally abrupt demise after a faction of the established nobility captured her and burned her at the stake. Beatrice's memory has risen again in recent years, as historians and anthropologists have found in the story of her "Antonian" sect parallels with more recent popular movements in Africa. Antonianism has been seen as a prototype of the so-called "Zionist" churches, as a proto-nationalist revulsion against Europeans and European religion, and as a manifestation of ancient (and still continuing) Kongo conceptions of power and authority. Now Antonio Goncalves brings a subtle and dialectical variety of French sociology to bear on the same events and similarly finds in Beatrice's career early confirmation of notions derived from more recent events. Goncalves' approach begins with first principles. He outlines a complex Kongo cosmology springing at some remote period in the Knogo past from perceived tensions between the real and the perceived and the individual and the group. Into this mental framework he introduces Christianity after the arrival of European Catholics in the 1480's. The commerce and Christianity of the latter half of the seventeenth century allowed power and individualism to triumph over legitimate authority and collective responsibility in ways that the Kongo found incomprehensible. A. Doutreloux' theory of prophetism explains how Beatrice's Antonianism resolves this dilemma. For Doutreloux, and Goncalves, prophets articulate and render intelligible in familiar terms a new reality, out of line with established paradigms, very much as Thomas Kuhn's modern geniuses crystallize "scientific revolutions" by making sense out of anomalies. According to this logic, Beatrice interpreted familial Kongo beliefs about prophets and nkisi spirits to explain Catholicism to the Kongo, and to restore order to the conceptual chaos that enveloped the Kongo after crushing military defeat by a Portuguese army in the 1665 Battle of Mbwila and a full succeeding generation of debilitating civil wars. The subtlety of the general model greatly exceeds the crude summary conveyable in a brief review. Among other salient qualities, it suggests that movements like that of Beatrice passed through several distinct phases, and focused on the ways in which reality changed perceptions even as perceptions were also altering reality. It also demonstrates that the new (Christianity) became a means of restoring the old (the centralized Kongo


This paper aims to report early findings of the second iteration of an implicit student-generated mobile learning project that promotes visual literacy and peer mediated learning. The first iteration was conducted with first year health science students at the University of Queensland, Australia, in 2013. We found that while the video assessment task may have aided learning for each student around their specific chosen topic, overall course learning outcomes did not improve. This was perhaps due to a failure of the peer mediated learning aspect of the learning activity. Furthermore, the labour intensive nature of the task may have attenuated overall performance in the course. Acting on these findings, we adjusted the visually based, peer-to-peer mobile learning activity accordingly. The revised assessment task was reintroduced in 2nd semester 2014, and early findings on the efficacy of the revised task on learning will be presented at the ascilite 2014 conference.


In recent years the development of tissue-equivalent, highly sensitive and very stable TL materials has expanded in order to use them in environmental monitoring and medical dosimetry. Among the various TL phosphors developed in our laboratory, LiF:Mg,Cu,P has turned out to be of special interest since it meets these requirements. This encouraged investigation on the luminescence properties of the above dopants in crystals of LiF. TL and optical properties of LiF:Cu 2+ were investigated as a part of a broader research project on TL mechanisms in various materials. Cu 2+ ions are responsible for optical emission, while Mg and P impurities mostly cooperate to increase the intensity of TL signals. The effects of ionising radiation on Cu 2+ - doped LiF phosphor are determined here by means of thermoluminescence and optical absorption experiments with the aim of identifying new defects formed in this system and of testing its dosimetric characteristics. Defects due to aggregation of impurity ions with colour centres created by ionising radiation are found to be responsible for new absorption bands and for significant changes in the glow curve.


Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss how evaluation can be used to shape and direct Comprehensive Community Initiatives in an ongoing way. It does so by offering a case example of the Waterloo Region Immigrant Employment Network (WRIEN). The article begins by reviewing how participatory action research can encourage reflective practice. After the WRIEN case example is presented, we consider this example in light of collaborative evaluation literature and five facilitators of reflective practice: (a) be location-based, (b) value experiential and practical knowledge, (c) provide ongoing feedback, (d) facilitate democratic dialogue, and (e) focus on a vision for the common good. The article ends by discussing contributions to the broader evaluation knowledge base, particularly developmental evaluation.


ABSTRACT This paper discusses the notion of 'citizenship as shared fate' as a potentially inclusive and real-world responsive way of understanding Indigenous citizenship in a non-ideal world. The paper draws on Melissa Williams' work on 'citizenship as shared fate,' and assesses some of the benefits and drawbacks of using this notion to understand citizenship in Indigenous and modern state contexts. In particular, the paper focuses on the challenges that existing non-ideal circumstances – past and enduring injustices and unequal power relations – bring to the understanding of 'citizenship as shared fate', and the normative constraints for realizing such citizenship in our contemporary world. By developing this notion in light of Indigenous claims for justice, the paper proposes three side constraints to the notion of 'citizenship as shared fate,' including its openness to different views of history, the role of history in shaping the future, and acknowledging – and countering – prevailing power relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. The paper concludes by looking at some of the implications of the reconceptualized notion of 'citizenship as shared fate' for the shaping of Indigenous/non-Indigenous relations in the Nordic/Sápmi context.


Aiming at the current situation that dynamic character is seldom considered in researches on interests equilibrium and stability of eco-industrial chain(EIC),this paper points out that relationships among trading volumes are the key factors which lead to dynamic character of interests equilibrium among companies in EIC.And then,structure and operation process are analyzed and basic hypotheses are presented.By providing basic assumptions and using parameters that can describe relationships among trading volumes as regulation factors,and the optimization model of each companies is built in this paper.Prices,trading volumes,profits and profit margins have been calculated in state of equilibrium.On this basis,we take EIC which produces compound fertilizer in Guigang eco-industrial park as an example and uses relationships among trading volumes of renewable resources between resource recycling companies and production companies as well as other trading volumes as regulation factors.The relationships between the changes of regulation factors and the interest equilibrium among companies in EIC are calculated and simulated with the use of Matlab7.0.The results show that the more the values of trading volumes tend to be equal,the higher the level of cooperation among companies and the ratio of resource utilization within companies is,the higher the companies' profit margins are.Under the equilibrium situation,companies can increase trading volumes to generate scale economic effect,and further reduce the costs and improve profit margins.The results correspond with reality and rationality of the model is verified.


PURPOSE: A catalyst composition for significantly increasing the productivity of fixed-bed reactors in the production of bisphenol-A is provided. CONSTITUTION: The sulfonated cross-linked ion exchange resin catalyst comprises polymerized monomer units of (a) from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of one or more polyvinyl aromatic monomers and (b) from 90 to 99.9 percent by weight of one or more monounsaturated vinylaromatic monomers, wherein the catalyst contains 0.1 to 1.0 millimole sulfone groups per gram dry catalyst, and has an acid capacity of 4.0 to 6.0 millimole sulfonic acid groups per gram dry catalyst, wherein the polyvinyl aromatic monomer is divinylbenzene and the percentage of divinylbenzene crosslinking in the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of 1 to 6 percent, 4.5 to 6 and 5 to 6 percent and wherein the acid catalyst contains 0.1 to 0.8 millimole of sulfonic acid groups per gram of dry catalyst, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 millimole of sulfone groups per gram of dry catalyst, wherein the catalyst is in the form of spherical beads, and wherein the catalyst resin beads are prepared from a jetted, suspension polymerized polystyrene/divinylbenzene copolymer. In a process for catalyzing condensation reactions between reactants selected from phenols and aldehydes or ketones to produce one or more bisphenols, the process comprises contacting the phenols and aldehydes or ketones with the catalyst resin.


Abstract : A passive infrared intrusion alarm system was modified and evaluated for its effectiveness to detect the presence of an intruder in a restricted area. the system consisted of an optical head gathering the infrared radiation coming from surrounding objects and their background onto a pyroelectric detector by means of a rotating and spherical focussing mirrors. The optical head was connected to an electronic circuit which compared successive scans to detect any significant changes in the collected radiation.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of IPL and IPL plus 5-ALA on the proliferation, melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity of cultured B16 murine melanoma cells.

METHODS
B16 cells were pretreated with or without ALA and irradiated with IPL (20, 30, 40 J/cm2), also the negative control group and the positive control UVA irradiation group (3, 4, 5 J/cm2) were designed. The proliferation of the treated B16 cells were evaluated with MTT method, the melanogenesis of the cells was tested with NaOH assay as well as tyrosinase activity was detected at 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, and 5 d after irradiation.

RESULTS
5 mmol/L 5-ALA did not affect the proliferation, melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cell. The cell yielding in UVA group increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with that of negative control group after UVA irradiation (3, 4 J/cm2), but the proliferation of the treated B16 cells were suppressed after UVA irradiation (5 J/cm2). IPL (20, 30, 40 J/cm2) or IPL plus ALA did not have any significant effects on cell proliferation. IPL or IPL plus ALA have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis without any influence on cell tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. ALA, as the photosensitizer, combined with IPL could have stronger effect than IPL alone.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that UVA could stimulate the proliferation of B16 cells, increase the melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity of the cells. IPL or IPL plus ALA have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis without any influence on cell proliferation and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. IPL plus ALA had stronger effect than IPL alone.


The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has altered downstream flow–sediment regimes and led to significant changes in the morphodynamic processes in the Middle Yangtze River (MYR). However, due to the complexity of this large river, the driving forces and implication of the morphodynamic processes remain insufficiently understood. This study selected two typical meandering and bar‐braided reaches, the Zhicheng (ZC) and Shashi (SS) reach, to examine their responses to the TGD operation. The results showed that in the post‐dam period significant channel erosion occurred with a higher erosion rate in the ZC reach (closer to the TGD) compared with the SS reach. The area of the Guanzhou mid‐channel bar (ZC reach) and the Sanba mid‐channel bar (SS reach) shrank by 30 and 90% from 2003 to 2015, respectively. The increased fluvial erosion intensity due to the reduction in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) drove the shrinkage of the mid‐channel bars, as demonstrated by empirical relationships between bar geometry and fluvial erosion intensity. An increase of 22 days per year in the frequency of post‐dam medium‐to‐high discharges (10 000–25 000 m3 s−1), and associated with the reduction in SSC, jointly led to the greater erosion at the convex (inner) banks than the concave (outer) banks, which has negatively affected the designed navigation channels at the concave banks by decreasing their discharge partitioning ratios. The post‐dam water level at a given high discharge (>25 000 m3 s−1) showed no evident change, but the water level at a given low discharge (<10 000 m3 s−1) decreased. The reduction in water levels at low flows can affect water supply and riverine ecosystems in the MYR. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


[In response to a request by the Editor, Mr. M. B. Dobrin, who acted as instructor in an ESMWT course in petroleum geophysics which was presented in Washington this Spring and Summer, has prepared the following account of the course for the assistance of those who may be interested in organizing similar courses in the geophysical centers.]


In this communication, an effort is made to describe the formation of a ward for adolescent boys (the majority being nonpsychotic behavior problems) in Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital. A description is given of the various types of group activities used on the ward to diagnose and treat these children. Certain statistical data regarding types of cases, diagnoses and disposition is offered. A description is given of various phenomena observed on the ward including: aggressive and destructive behavior, organization of gangs, initiation ceremonies, sexual activities and attitudes, and the adjustment of behavior problems with psychotic patients. A description is given as to disciplinary measurements used here. Since we have organized various group activities, we have reduced the destructive behavior to a very large extent. We wish to emphasize that we are still in the experimental stage and that we frequently change our rules and attitudes toward such problems as discipline, smoking activities, etc. We are in a...


The discussion of name and argument begins at the Spring and Autumn Period,becomes strong at the Warring States Period and declines at the unity of six states by Qin.The methods of induction and listing are applied to analyse the thoughts of name and argument of Confucian,famous expert and Mohist.The theory of rectification name of Confucian starts and promotes a great discussion to the relationship between name and reality in Pre-qin dynasty,its beginning significance can not be neglected.The theory of the white horse is not a horse and predicative of Gongsun Long makes the discussion of the problem of name and reality separating from the theory of rectification name serving for the need for politics,going to an abstract study of the specialty decided by name,his academic thought can be a wonderful work in the history of China thought.Xun Zi pays attention to argument,but his argument is not for winning,but a talking skill in morality education.Mo Zi advocates and study talking argument and the late Mohist form a special argument theory,firstly defines and totally concludes the argument.The theory of name and argument have the contents on expressing and arguing method.Knowing this can help us passing on and carrying forward the attention to wisdom of traditional culture,and it also has the active reference significance to success of discussion,communication and learning in our daily life.


PhDr. Bronislav Ostřanský, Ph.D., research fellow, Oriental Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2017 The Author. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Abstract: Apocalyptic rhetoric has become a symptomatic expression of the so called Islamic State (here inafter ISIS). This article provides the reader with a quite different perspective on the apoca lyptic visions of ISIS than usual. "A Feeble Folk to whom no Concern is Accorded" (this title is a borrowed quotation from an apocalyptic prophecy recorded by Nu'aym ibn Hammad in his Kitāb al-Fitan) discusses, above all, how the activities of ISIS are placed into an apocalyptic context by their Muslim opponents. Perhaps it is not surprising that such opposing perceptions can be found mainly within the contributions be longing to those Muslim groups and strands that currently feel mortally threatened by the ISIS inspired terror, namely Shiites, Sufis, liberals, etc. This paper elaborates pivotal Sunni patterns as well as specific examples of such a fighting against ISIS "in eschatological terms."


The motivation of this research is to develop a user friendly word prediction system augmented with virtual keyboard in the context of Indian languages. The objective would be not only to save keystrokes but also to reduce the cognitive load to compose the text accurately. In the context of Indian language, in addition to large alphabets sizes there are a lot of phonetically or graphically similar characters which needs more time to search the desired characters and occasionally leads to taping wrong characters. This issue can be addressed by highlighting the next probable characters and thus offering visual clue and mitigating errors. The proposed approach not only help in avoiding the error, it also highlight the required character when user have misspelled part of word while composing text.


One of the causes of decrease forest functions is deforestation. Deforestation is a nonforest cover change activity that affects the decrease function of forest ecosystems. South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Provinces are two areas that have experienced high deforestation. The area of forest in South and West Sulawesi in 1990 amounted to 2,550,946.13 ha. The number decreased in 2019 amounted to 2,213,628.88 ha. This study aims to identify and understand the spatial model of deforestation based on biophysical driving factors in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Provinces from 1990 to 2019. Materials used in this study were Statistics Data Centers in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2019, Deforestation Profiles at South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, literature supporting research. Data analysis used PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method. The results of this research explain that the driving factors the occurrence of deforestation in each location of the most influential research is the factor of the road, the closer the forest area to the road the higher the public desire to penetrate the forest area in addition, facilitate agricultural activities to distribute forest products and logs felling. River factors also have a role in the occurrence of deforestation, the community is very dependent on water needs primarily for agricultural land and plantations. In addition, the slope and altitude factors are also quite influential on the occurrence of deforestation due to the clearing of land in a fairly flat area with low altitude as in the Regency Bone and North Luwu, South Sulawesi province is very visible influence over the topographic areas of mountains and steep as in the Regency of Mamuju and Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province. Areas with such topography, have a low level of accessibility so that the pressure and disturbance are low enough from the community.


The standard assumption is that all three neutrino mass states are either Dirac or Majorana. However, it was recently suggested by Allaverdi, Dutta, and one of the authors (R.N.M.) that mixed, or bimodal, flavor neutrino scenarios are conceivable and are consistent with all known observations (these were called ``schizophrenic'' in the ADM paper). In that case each individual mass eigenstate can be either Dirac or Majorana, so that the flavor eigenstates are ``large'' admixtures of both. An example of this ``bimodal'' situation is to consider one mass state as a Dirac particle (with a sterile partner), while the other two are of Majorana type. Since only Majorana particles contribute to neutrinoless double beta decay, the usual dependence of this observable on the neutrino mass is modified within this scenario. We study this in detail and, in particular, generalize the idea for all possible bimodal combinations. Inevitably, radiative corrections will induce a pseudo-Dirac nature to the Dirac states at the one-loop level, and the effects of the pseudo-Dirac mass splitting will show up in the flavor ratios of neutrinos from distant cosmological sources. Comparison of the effective mass in neutrinoless double beta decay as well as flavor ratios at neutrino telescopes, for different pseudo-Dirac cases and with their usual phenomenology, can distinguish the different bimodal possibilities.


Background In order to select patients most likely to benefit for thrombolysis and to predict patient outcome in acute ischemic stroke, the volumetric assessment of the infarcted tissue is used. However, infarct volume estimation on Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has moderate interrater variability despite the excellent contrast between ischemic lesion and healthy tissue. In this study, we compared volumetric measurements of DWI hyperintensity to a simple maximum orthogonal diameter approach to identify thresholds indicating infarct size >70 ml and >100 ml. Methods Patients presenting with ischemic stroke with an NIHSS of ≥ 8 were examined with stroke MRI within 24 h after symptom onset. For assessment of the orthogonal DWI lesion diameters (od-values) the image with the largest lesion appearance was chosen. The maximal diameter of the lesion was determined and a second diameter was measured perpendicular. Both diameters were multiplied. Od-values were compared to volumetric measurement and od-value thresholds identifying a lesion size of > 70 ml and > 100 ml were determined. In a selected dataset with an even distribution of lesion sizes we compared the results of the od value thresholds with results of the ABC/2 and estimations of lesion volumes made by two resident physicians. Results For 108 included patients (53 female, mean age 71.36 years) with a median infarct volume of 13.4 ml we found an excellent correlation between volumetric measures and od-values (r2 = 0.951). Infarct volume >100 ml corresponds to an od-value cut off of 42; > 70 ml corresponds to an od-value of 32. In the compiled dataset (n = 50) od-value thresholds identified infarcts > 100 ml / > 70 ml with a sensitivity of 90%/ 93% and with a specificity of 98%/ 89%. The od-value offered a higher accuracy in identifying large infarctions compared to both visual estimations and the ABC/2 method. Conclusion The simple od-value enables identification of large DWI lesions in acute stroke. The cutoff of 42 is useful to identify large infarctions with volume larger than 100 ml. Further studies can analyze the therapeutic utility of this new method. Trail Registration ClinicalTrials.org NCT00715533


Themyosin light chain (MLC)1/3 enhancer (MLCenhancer), identified atthe3'endoftheskeletal MLC1/3 locus, contains a sequencemotif thatishomologous toa protein-binding site oftheskeletal muscleoa-actin promoter. Gelshift, competition, andfootprint assaysdemonstrated that aCArGmotif intheMLC enhancer binds theproteins MAPF1andMAPF2,previously identified asfactors interacting withthemuscle regulatory element oftheskeletal a-actin promoter. Transient transfection assayswithconstructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genedemonstrated thata 115-bp subfragment oftheMLC enhancer isable toexert promoter activity whenprovided with asilent nonmuscle TATAbox.Apoint mutation attheMAPFl/2-binding site interferes withfactor binding andabolishes thepromoter activity ofthe115-bp fragment. Theobservation that anoligonucleotide encompassingtheMAPF1/2site oftheMLC enhancer alone cannot serveasapromoter element suggests that additional factor-binding sites arenecessaryforthis function. Thefinding thatMAPF1andMAPF2recognizesimilar sequencemotifs intwomuscle genes,simultaneously activated during muscle differentiation, implies that these factors may havearole incoordinating theactivation ofcontractile protein geneexpression during myogenesis. During embryonic development theprogrammed expressionofspecific genesinembryonic cell lineages generates a diversity offunctionally differentiated tissues. Musclecell differentiation isan attractive modeltostudythemechanismsunderlying theexpression oftissue-specific functions, since theeventsaccompanying myogenesis arewelldefined andcan bereproduced intissue culture. Giventhecoordinatedactivation ofthelargenumberofmuscle-specific genes,itisreasonable toassume thattheir regulation is achieved bya common setofnuclear factors. Comparisons ofmuscle-specific promotersandenhancers reveal some sequencehomologies; however, itisnotyetclear howthey interact tocoordinate myocyte-specific geneexpression. Inthisstudy, we focuson theanalysis ofa specific protein-binding siteintheratskeletal myosinlight chain


ABSTRACT The effect of solvent on the baicalin solubility was studied by making a correlation between the solubility values and solvent's descriptors for solute–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions with the help of linear solvation energy relationship concept. The preferential solvation analysis of baicalin in the four aqueous co-solvent solutions of isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol and methanol was carried out from solubility values through the method of inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals. In intermediate and alcohol-rich compositions, the solvation of baicalin was preferred by the isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol or methanol.


The ARMA forecasting model of time-series haveestablished by using Liaoning province per capita GDP data from 1978 to 2008 In this paper. The economics increasing for the period of "the twelfth five years plan" has been forecasted and analyzed by using this model. the conclusions will provide with the help for Liaoning economics further development.


Lead-zinc exploration drilling within the Limerick Basin (SW Ireland) has revealed the deep internal architecture and extra-crater deposits of five alkali-basaltic maar-diatremes. Base metal mineralisation, appearing to be spatially and temporarily associated with these diatremes, overprints adjacent hydrothermal Black Matrix Breccia (BMB) horizons. Diatremes and extra-crater deposits were emplaced during the Carboniferous Period as part of a regional tectonomagmatic trend across NW Europe. Trace element data indicates a genetic relationship between the diatremes and sequences of the extra-crater Knockroe Formation. Field relationships and textural evidence from diatreme and Knockroe deposits, suggest eruptions occurred in a shallow submarine environment ( The pyroclastic sequences are highly altered, therefore a principal objective was to analytically distinguish between primary and secondary alteration mineral phases and elemental trends. Rare earth element (REE) patterns suggest the magma was sourced by partial melting of an enriched and metasomatised mantle, which erupted in a within-plate continental rift environment. The lower diatreme is overprinted by a greenschist metamorphic assemblage of minerals, in addition to pervasive dolomitisation of the volcanic deposits. Dolomite is a key mineral in BMBs and the presence of diatreme clasts within polymict BMB horizons, combined with small concentrations of ore-forming minerals (sphalerite, galena and pyrite) in the lower diatremes, suggest that hydrothermal fluids utilised the diatremes as conduits. The Irish Orefield is a base metal source of global importance, but evidence has not previously been documented to link the large-scale Lower Carboniferous volcanic activity to the Pb-Zn mineralisation. Sulphur isotope data indicates that diatreme formation in Limerick had a significant impact on mineralisation within the basin. Increased permeability and porosity of the diatremes, compared to the traditional Irish-type fault fluid pathways, allowed enhanced formation of BMB mineralisation hosts adjacent to the diatremes and an increased flow of metal-rich hydrothermal fluid from the basement. The presence of large volumes of volcanic material also provided additional magmatic sulphur as well as ore-forming constituents.


Based on preliminary findings of a research on three local town centres in Edinburgh, the article argues for a distinct role of local high streets in ageing in place policies.


304Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major therapeutic challenge. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard approach in PDAC, but results in minimal survival benefit for patients, highlighting a desperate need for novel treatment strategies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 25-90% of PDACs and has been shown to be an adverse prognostic marker for survival, making it a rational target. To date, the combination of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, with gemcitabine remains the only approved targeted therapy based on a significant, yet modest, improved overall survival when compared to gemcitabine alone in a phase III clinical trial. We have previously shown that constitutively activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is a biomarker of resistance to both gemcitabine and erlotinib. Therefore, we hypothesized that combined STAT3 and EGFR inhibition would overcome resistance to erlotinib and gemcitabine in...


We introduce a generalization of the concept of a strongly convex function on a fractal set, study some algebraic properties and establish Jensen-type and Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities.


Reductive assimilation of inorganic sulfate to sulfide is an essential metabolic process in higher plants for the synthesis of cysteine and all downstream compounds containing reduced sulfur in the cell. Sulfite reductase (SiR) palys a central role in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by catalyzing the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. An Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion line (sir1-1) with an insertion in the promoter region of SiR was isolated in order to address the exact role of SiR in vivo. Detailed characterization of sir1-1 revealed that homozygous sir1-1 plants are viable, but severely affected in growth. Homozygous sir1-1 plants flower and set viable seeds, albeit later than wild-type plants grown under the same conditions. Evaluation of SiR transcript levels in the leaves of sir1-1 plants revealed that the mRNA was down-regulated to about 50% of wild-type level. Consequently, the amount of SiR protein and the SiR activity were reduced in the same manner. The significant differences between the leaves of sir1-1 and Col-0 plants for most of the sulfur-containing and other related compounds such as cysteine, O-acetylserine (OAS), sulfate, nitrate, total glucosinolates, total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) suggests strong perturbations in the entire metabolism of sir1-1 plants. A reduction of approximately 25.6-fold and 32.7-fold in the incorporation of 35S label into cysteine and GSH fractions, respectively, of sir1-1 leaves compared to wild-type plants was observed, suggesting the fact that the activity of SiR generates a severe bottleneck in the sulfur assimilation pathway. Investigations of the transcript levels through microarray analysis revealed that the expression of many genes related to sulfur metabolism was altered in response to reduced sulfide synthesis. Out of 920 selected genes related to sulfur metabolism, the expression of 67 genes in the leaves and 180 genes in the roots of sir1-1, were significantly up- or down-regulated compared to wild-type. The high affinity sulfate transporters, sulfate transporter 1;1 (SULTR 1;1) and sulfate transporter 1;2 (SULTR 1;2) showed a significant up-regulation in the roots of sir1-1 compared to Col-0. The up-regulation of the high affinity sulfate transporters in the roots of sir1-1 suggests that instead of steady-state sulfate levels, the amount of reduced sulfur present in the cell, likely forms the signal for their their induction. The preliminary results for a second T-DNA insertion line (sir1-2) strongly indicate that an insertion more closer to the gene, in the promoter region of SiR causes early seedling lethality. All results point towards the exclusiveness of SiR for sufite reduction and that its optimal activity is essential for the normal growth of Arabidopsis plants. Treatment of different Arabidopsis lines with selenate, which is quite similar to sulfate, caused an increase in the total sulfur and selenium contents of the plants. This might happen due to the up-regulation of sulfate transporters which might eventually lead to an increase in total sulfur and selenium due to elevated sulfate/selenate contents.


The true firing period of station-keeping maneuver,if detected rapidly and reliably,can reduce effectively the unavailable time of GEO satellites among the navigation constellation.Based on the movement characteristics of the sub-satellite point(SSP)of GEOs,a 7-parameter fitting set was proposed including GEO elements and a mean drift acceleration of longitude.The fitting feasibility was validated for 10minutesSSP motion of GEOs.And then both the fitted semi-major series and RMS series of fit-predicting range residuals were utilized to jointly monitor the firing window in real time according to the principle and strategy of east-west maneuver.Using C-band range tracking data with on-board transponder of 1d,the moving-window kinematic fitting with a 20-min maneuver involved was applied.The results show that the proposed maneuver monitoring method is valid and sensible.


This study aims to analyze the level of local government spending in South Konawe Regency in 2011-2020 from the perspective of the golden rule. The research method used is existing statistics research of a non-reactive method. The data used is numerical data for the time series of local government spending and gross regional domestic product 2011-2020. The quantitative data analysis technique used is the percentage statistic in SPSS Forecasting version 23.0. The results showed that the level of local government spending in South Konawe Regency in 2011-2020 was not optimal because it was far below the minimum criteria recommended as the golden rule in the theoretical literature on government spending. This sub-optimal level of local government spending has the connotation of the local government's inability to respond to increasing public demands and expectations, at least in providing public goods that the market cannot afford. The local government of South Konawe Regency, if it wants to be of higher quality, needs to increase its level of spending to an optimal level


Erythema annulare centrifugum is characterized by slowly enlarging scaly erythemas on the trunk and extremities. Histopathologically, a dense perivascular infiltrate and epidermal changes like acanthosis, parakeratosis and focal spongiosis are present. Although its origin remains unknown in most patients associations have been reported with infections, autoimmune diseases, medications, food or neoplasms. It has been discussed that allergic reactions to still unknown antigens may be relevant in pathogenesis. We report about a 78-year-old woman with erythema annulare centrifugum that was refractory to therapy but disappeared after the complete excision of a basal cell carcinoma. We would like to discuss a potential relationship between manifestation of the erythema annulare centrifugum and the basal cell carcinoma.


The invention relates to a nano manipulator to analyze or manipulate objects. The nanomanipulator is for moving at least one object relative to an analysis or machining position with a plurality of the object to be moved or an object holder of this support, equipped to perform movements adjustable movement elements, each having a supporting surface for the object to be moved or the object holder, wherein the movement of elements in the axial direction of the nanomanipulator support at least one support plane. It is characterized by shear piezo elements comprehensive movement means for moving the support plane.


Phenotypic variation of weed beet (stalk and root length, root shape, presence of anthocyanin colouring, number of flowers (achenes) in the glomerule), with regard to the BBCH phase and the habitat conditions. ANOVA analysis and three categories of traits monitored. Evaluating demonstrable variability in the framework of the traits category and between localities. Demonstrable effect of locality on the presence of anthocyanin colouring was found, however genetic conditionality cannot be ruled out. For the other phenotypic traits no influence was demonstrated. Anthocyanin colouring and root length show significant variability. The most frequent traits are the stem length (100–130 cm), the pencil-shaped root and 2–3 flowers (achenes) in the glomerule. However, these traits do not necessarily manifest themselves at the same time.


Infectious mononucleosis, induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a very frequent infection, affecting mostly young adults. Although liver damage is often mild and self-limiting, only a few cases of severe EBV-induced cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice have been reported in the literature. EBV infection should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in patients with an obstructive pattern on liver function tests without evidence of biliary obstruction demonstrated on advanced imaging. The diagnosis is usually confirmed only by serology and the evolution is generally favorable. We report the observation of an 16 year old female with no particular medical history, who developed a febrile cholestatic jaundice without signs of hemolysis and without biliary obsruction on imagery.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 40% of all deaths in China in 2015 (1). This substantial burden is predicted to increase because of the aging of the Chinese population and an increase in the prevalence of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking (24). Identifying and modifying risk factors for persons at high risk for CVD would have a considerable impact on population health (57). For those at high risk, modification of CVD risk factors may markedly reduce their chance of having a CVD event (79). Nationwide information is lacking about the prevalence and treatment of high CVD risk in China. Although Chinese guidelines recommend statins and aspirin for persons at high risk for CVD, information is limited regarding whether treatment varies by region or population subgroup. Previous community and regional studies found that the prevalence of high CVD risk varied substantially, from 6% to 30%, in Chinese adults (1013), but no study assessed the differences across diverse population subgroups nationally. Moreover, the clustering of underlying risk factors is not known. An understanding of the cause of high CVD risk and existing patterns in treating it is essential for policymakers to develop cost-effective and targeted risk modification strategies in China. To that end, we investigated the prevalence, features, and treatment of high CVD risk in a government-funded, community-based, national project of CVD screening and management in 1.7 million persons in China. This study is intended to form the foundation for national efforts to reduce CVD risk at the primary care level throughout China. Methods Study Design and Participants The China PEACE Million Persons Project is a government-funded public health program designed to focus on high CVD risk throughout China. The project's details were described previously (14). In brief, from September 2014 to June 2017, a total of 141 county-level geographic regions (88 rural counties, 53 urban districts) in all of China's 31 provinces were selected to provide diversity in geographic distribution, population structure (ethnicity distribution), and exposure to risk factors and disease patterns. Study site selection also took into account population size, population stability, and local capacity to support the project (for details, see Supplement 1). Potential participants were invited by local staff from primary health care institutions or hospitals via extensive media campaigns (14). Participants were asked to provide consent if they were aged 35 to 75 years, were currently registered in the selected region's Hukou (a record officially identifying area residents), or had lived in the region for at least 6 of the previous 12 months. The central ethics committee at the China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and the institutional review board at Yale University approved this project. All enrolled participants provided written informed consent. Supplement. Supplementary Appendix Study Outcome The study outcome was high CVD risk, defined as a predicted 10-year risk for CVD exceeding 10% according to the Chinese Guideline for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (15). Similar to guidelines published by the American College of CardiologyAmerican Heart Association and the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (16, 17), the Chinese guideline suggests that CVD prevention and treatment should be based on risk assessment and stratification. This guideline provides risk stratification criteria: Low, moderate, and high risk are defined as a predicted 10-year risk for CVD of less than 5%, between 5% and 9%, and 10% or greater, respectively. Therefore, we used 10% as the cutoff value to define high CVD risk in this study. The predicted 10-year risk for CVD was calculated on the basis of age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, the presence of diabetes, and total cholesterol level by using the risk prediction charts for Western Pacific Region B developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society for Hypertension (ISH) (for details, see Supplement 2) (18). Persons with previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, or stroke were excluded. Data Collection and Variables For each participant, blood pressure, lipid and blood glucose levels, height, and weight were measured at the initial screening. Blood pressure was measured twice on the right upper arm after 5 minutes of rest in a seated position with a standardized electronic blood pressure monitor (Omron HEM-7430). If the difference between the 2 systolic blood pressure readings was greater than 10 mm Hg, a third measurement was obtained and the average of the last 2 readings was used. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, or use of antihypertensive medications, in accordance with U.S. and Chinese definitions (1921). Participants were required to wear light clothes, no shoes, and no headgear while being measured for height and weight. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters. Normal weight was defined as a BMI of 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2, low weight as less than 18.5 kg/m2, overweight as 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2, and obesity as 28.0 kg/m2 or greater, on the basis of recommendations from the Working Group on Obesity in China (22). Trained personnel conducted standardized in-person interviews with the study participants to collect information on sociodemographic status (ethnicity, education level, occupation, marital status, annual household income, and medical insurance status), lifestyle (smoking and alcohol use), medical history, and medication use. Medication use was determined by asking participants whether they had taken a prescription drug for antiplatelet therapy, blood pressure control, lipid lowering, or glucose control in the previous 2 weeks. Statistical Analysis For the entire group of participants, we described the rates of high CVD risk overall and by age, sex, BMI, region, and socioeconomic status. Age- and sex-standardized rates of high CVD risk were calculated by direct standardization with the 2010 Chinese Census (23). To quantify variability in site-based rates of high CVD risk among study locations, we calculated the median odds ratio by fitting a multivariable mixed model with random effects at the study site level. We analyzed risk profiles in population subgroups, defined a priori by all possible combinations of 8 characteristics: age (35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 75 years), sex (men and women), geographic region (western, central, and eastern China), urbanity (urban vs. rural), ethnic origin (Han and non-Han), occupation (farmer and nonfarmer), annual household income (<10000 [equivalent to US $1452], 10000 to 50000 [US $1452 to US $7259], and >50000 [US $7259]), and education (primary school and below, middle school, high school, and college and above). We retained 21022 subgroups, each comprising at least 500 participants, and assessed the distributions of rates of high CVD risk among these groups (for details, see Supplement 3). Histogram and density plots were used to visualize the estimates in the population subgroups. Next, we developed multivariable mixed models with study center as random effects and a logit link function to assess the associations of patient characteristics with high CVD risk by sex to account for clustering of participants by study center. The population characteristics included in the model were urbanity, geographic region, ethnicity, education level, occupation, annual household income, marital status, medical insurance status, current alcohol use, and BMI group. Among persons with high CVD risk, we assessed the prevalence of individual cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol use, overweight, and obesity), as well as the clustering of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking among those with high CVD risk. The clustering analysis was done to quantify the proportion of participants with high CVD risk who had 1 or more of the 4 risk factors mentioned earlier and to determine the percentage of high-risk persons with 1, or more than 1, of these risk factors. Then, we calculated the proportions of statin and aspirin use, as well as the proportions of antihypertensive medication use for those with hypertension. In particular, we constructed 8682 high-risk subgroups, each including at least 500 participants, by using the 8 characteristics mentioned earlier and calculated medication use in these subgroups. We excluded participants with missing values for age, sex, education level, annual household income, marital status, smoking status, alcohol use, blood pressure, or BMI. A P value less than 0.050 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were conducted with SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute), and R, version 3.4.1 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Role of the Funding Source The funder had no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Results Characteristics of Participants Of 1765425 enrolled participants, 26539 were excluded because of missing data and 58760 because of previous CVD (Supplement Figure 1). Among the remaining 1680126 participants, 674375 (40.1%) were men, the mean age was 55.49.7 years, 93.0% were married, and 44.3% had graduated from primary school or had no formal schooling (Table 1). Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population* Population and Subgroup Rates of High CVD Risk Among All Participants Among 1680126 participants, high CVD risk was present in 9.5% (95% CI, 9.5% to 9.6%) (n= 160015), including 11.8% of men (n= 79685) and 8.0% of women (n= 80330). The age- and sex-standardized rate of high CVD risk was 6.6%. The characteristics of persons at high risk fo


There is research evidence that exercise and motor training are beneficial for people with Parkinson's disease (PD), and clinicians seek to implement optimal programs. This paper summarizes important factors about the nature and reporting of randomized controlled trials of exercise and/or motor training for people with PD which are likely to influence the translation of research into clinical practice. Searches identified 53 relevant trials with 90 interventions conducted for an average duration of 8.3 (SD 4.2) weeks. Most interventions were fully supervised (74%) and conducted at a facility (79%). Retention rates were high with 69% of interventions retaining ≥85% of their participants; however adherence was infrequently reported, and 72% of trials did not report adverse events. Overall, the labor-intensive nature of most interventions tested in these trials and the sparse reporting of adherence and adverse events are likely to pose difficulties for therapists attempting to balance benefits and costs when selecting protocols that translate to sustainable clinical practice for people with PD.


This paper presents a study and design of a complete stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system for providing the electrical loads in an emergency health clinic according to their energy requirements. Typical energy consumption daily profiles for the four seasons are assumed. The PV system is optimally sized to be an optimal economic system. Homer software is used as the sizing and optimization tool to determine the size and specifications of photovoltaic system components, system cost and estimation of corresponding produced electrical energy. The results show that the sizing of PV stand-alone system depends on the load data, the solar resource data and the investment cost of system components. Also it is found that providing electricity to the emergency health clinic using PV system is very beneficial and economical, especially considering the decreasing prices of PV systems and their increasing efficiencies and reliability. They have also the advantage of maintaining a clean environment.


Ecdamua bouceki sp. nov. from Kashmir is described and illustrated. The new species differs from other Indian species in having propodeum without median carina, ovipositor 16.0 mm long, forewing with marginal vein distinctly shorter than the post marginal and antennal pedicel distinctly longer than half of the first funicle segment.


Cl Abstract-Emergency departments offer a unique educstiond setting where housestaff can be exposed to and learn a variety of procedural 5k& However, procedural skills are often overlooked as an assumed activity without a formal educational context. The clinical educator's understmding of the educational princfpals of teaching and learning procedural skills is minimal. This review offers further insight. The "psychomotor domain," which represents a hierarchy of learning motor skills, and relevant motor Bean&g theory extracted from the edtrcational psychology literature are reviewed. These theoretical considerations can be adapted to and provide useful information relevant to procedural medicine. Issues of curriculum content, methods of teachbrg and learning, and issues of competence relevant to the creation of a procedural skill program are reviewed and discussed.


AbstractThe toxic industrial coke-oven effluent treatability using ultrafiltration (UF) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology with reverse osmosis (RO) was tested through pilot studies due to the inherent advantages of the membrane processes over conventional systems in treatment of high-strength wastewaters. The treatment was analyzed for the removal of cyanide, phenol, and chemical oxygen demand. Pre-treatment of the wastewater before RO was tested using MBR and UF. The MBR was chosen for the pre-treatment as it showed a higher treatment efficiency through aeration-enhanced biodegradation and also as the SDI was below 2.3. The final rejection of cyanide in the RO permeate was above 90%, phenol above 95%, and total suspended solids was 100%. Thus, the permeate quality was found satisfactory and the process may be adopted at full-scale for treatment of coke-oven wastewater at the industry.


In order to realize the targeted objectives of universities,the institutions usually direct related parties to attend the management.Therefore,management effectiveness of universities measures their respectively performance,whose characteristics are universality and particularity,which depends on health institution and consciousness to comply with.


ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of ethanol–gasoline blend with cerium oxide nanoparticles as additive on a Tata Nano twin–cylinder SI engine was investigated. In this work, the combustion, performance and emission tests were conducted. The experiment fuels were prepared using 99.9% pure ethanol and gasoline with cerium oxide nanoparticles. The volumetric percentages of ethanol–gasoline blends with cerium oxide nanoparticles additive are in the ratio of E30, E40 and E50. These represent the ratios of ethanol amount in the total blend and the rest of gasoline. Additionally, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg cerium oxide nanoparticles additive are mixed to E30, E40 and E50, respectively. The venture of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the cerium oxide nanoparticles with ethanol and gasoline blend to develop the fuel's performance and to decrease the pollution from the engine. The experimental results expose an increase in brake thermal efficiency for the nanoparticles blends. In the emission test CO, CO2, HC and NOx are noticeably reduced, and O2 increased for all the blends. In combustion analyses, the cylinder pressure is higher for nanoparticles blends, when compared to that of the sole fuel.


Surging international demand for energy, technology, and geopolitics has come together to create favorable long term market conditions for energy minerals. A ``new age`` for energy minerals, defined to include coal, uranium, bitumen, methane from coal seams, and geothermal energy, is dawning. In this three part series, trends in worldwide supply and demand for primary conventional and nonconventional energy resources, new technologies, and costs will be examined and compared. This article will address worldwide primary energy utilization, past and future trends, comparable costs, and the demographic and macro-economic factors that are dramatically affecting energy consumption. The second and third articles will address specific developments for each energy resource and its future direction.


The use of the IBM personal computer to control the Miller profiler to perform real-time deep level transient spectroscopy measurements is described. The implementation of a real-time recursive adaptive line enhanced on the Texas Instruments TMS320 programmable digital signal processor is also presented. The software logic and flow of each of the adaptive stochastic programs, the TMS320 processing program and the IBM control and display program, are presented. A schematic diagram of the TMS320-based hardware model is included.<<ETX>>


On the basis of the result on questionnaires for 250 people, 21 Nonghyup branches nationwide, since 2000, I analyzed the change of recognitions of customers who have used Nonghyup`s mutual finances on the Nonghyup financial products and services for 13 years. As the result of analysis, to raise overall satisfaction of Nonghyup`s mutual financial service users, it showed that to raise the satisfaction on neighborliness was the most important factor. It seemed that, it was because of that there were no big differences of deposit and loan interest, diversity of products on each financial organization, especially the background of organization culture emphasizing on the human resources of Nonghyup. And also it showed that there was a need to keep doing an effort to retain diversity of Nonghyup`s mutual financial affairs.The complain on diversity of affairs is, one of the most inconvenient felt by customers when they use Nonghyup`s mutual finance, thought to be the thing giving a big influence on overall Nonghyup`s mutual financial service satisfaction. In addition to it, to set up the strategy for customized response and service depending on age and registration on Union members was also analyzed as the important on this research.According to the result of research, it showed that the more people were old and union members were, the lesser satisfaction on neighborliness felt by customers when they used Nonghyup`s mutual financial service was. I think there is a need to set up a plan to raise satisfaction for old union members.


By reading Helena María Viramontes's "Cariboo Cafe" and Daniel Chacon's "Godoy Lives," this essay argues that Chicana/o fiction articulates what I call a "borderlands ethics." Both Viramontes and Chacon give the undocumented migrant the power to merge the United States and Latin America, self and other, citizen and noncitizen. These mergers demonstrate how a borderlands ethical stance can produce new unauthorized truths and relations outside the law and beyond national borders. However, these stories of ghostly kinship also produce a political imperative: to resurrect borderlands relations and experiences in the public sphere. Through the trope of haunting and an engagement with a borderlands ethics, "The Cariboo Cafe" and "Godoy Lives" help us understand that maintaining a Latina/o ethnic identity is not a simple act of preservation; it is an ethico-political project that challenges the United States to form new visions of democracy and new relations with Latin America in order to maintain transborder communities and families. I have zero sympathy for these people. . . . These people have a lot of nerve to break the law and then complain about how they are treated. THEY ARE NOT VULNERABLE, THEY ARE ILLEGAL. THEY BROKE THE LAW . . . ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS ARE ILLEGAL. Online reader comments on "300 Protest Immigration Raids in Lake County [Ohio]," posted on Cleveland.com, June 17, 2007 We are all God's children. . . . We all deserve respect and care. Cardinal Roger Mahony of Los Angeles, quoted in "Rallies across U.S. Call for Illegal Immigrant Rights," posted on CNN.com, April 10, 2006


High resolution seismic reflection surveying, on both land and over water, is an important geophysical tool used to map and characterise sedimentary sequences present within glacial basins. Sedimentary architecture in many basins reveals disconformable reflectors inferred to be erosional unconformities. This technique is particularly amenable to mapping unconformable interfaces and 3D elements. It appears that glacial and meltwater processes are important formative agents in most 'glacial' depositional models. Two Canadian examples - one on land near Ottawa and one over Lake Simcoe, near Toronto – provide insight into the potential of this method to model groundwater flow within the fill of glacial basins.


The necessity and advantage of surface transportation was well demonstrated by the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 missions. Baseline surface transportation elements for further studies are Lunar Rover, Elastic Loop Mobility System, Mobile Laboratory, Airplane, and Rocket Powered Flying Vehicles. These types of surface transportation are discussed. Starting points for further in-depth studies are identified.


Objective To system and quickly grasp the health education of patients with relevant knowledge,improve treatment compliance of patients with life and health treatment,and short the treating time,by using clinical nursing path in health education.Methods 96 cases of patients were divided into control group and observer group each with 48 cases.They were all treted by conventional antidepressant drugs,and the observer group adopting clinical path in health education.After the health education,mastering knowledge rates of disease,satisfaction with care and treatment compliance of the two groups were cooperated and analysised.Results The relevant knowledge of health life,satisfaction with care and treatment compliance of observer group were significantly better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P 0.01).The hospitalization time of observer group was shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.01).Conclusion The quality of nursing can be improved,promoted the procedure,standardization the nursing work,and improved satisfaction of patients by using clinical path,has a great generalization of meaning.


Objective:To observe the impact of patients in disease of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) of platelet count,marrow megakaryocyte count and class,T lymphocyte subset in peripheral blood on treatment with Yiqi Tongyang decoction.Method: It is designed to use guinea pig anti-mouse serum(APS) to inject to the mouse in order to induce the ITP mouse model.Then Yiqi Tongyang decoctions treatment group with 3 levels of greate,media and small is given.Separately to the treatement,the normal control group and model control group are also set,and all 3 group are maintained its treatment for continuel 14 days.The blood cell counter is used to detect platelet count,to observe megakaryocyte configuration by microscope,to count the megakaryocyte in mouse thighbone by plastic embedding and to detect T lymphocyte subset by cytometer.Result: In model mouse group,platelet,CD3+CD4+T cell are reduced significantely,and CD3+CD8+T cells are significantly increased.In Yiqi Tongyang mouse groups,platelet count increased significant,producing platelet megakaryocyte and CD4+/CD8+ were obviously increased.Megakaryocyte count reduced,CD3+CD4+T cell increased,and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte are significantly decreased,and CD4+/CD8+value is increased.Conclusion: Yiqi Tongyang decoction improves platelet count in ITP model mouse group,increase platelet producing megakaryocyte ratio,meliorate unbalance of T lymphocyte,that means the Yiqi Tongyang decoction is approved to be effective of treating ITP patients clearly in this study.


The Cooperative Principle and the Speech Acts Theory are of great importance on meaning,which are closely related.The cooperative principle theory probes into the essence of linguistic communication from the perspective of cooperation,while the later from acts performed by language.On the basis of integration of cooperative and speech acts theories,concepts such as locutionary cooperation,illocutionary cooperation and perlocutionary cooperation are put forward with the later two analyzed under scrutiny,which sheds new light on the description of meaning,and the process of dynamic linguistic communication as well.


Several socio-economic trends are driving customer demands towards individualisation. Many suppliers are responding by offering supplier-led software product design customization choices ("mass customization"). Some are also offering customer-led software product design choices ("mass personalization"). This tutorial introduces these concepts and explores the implications for software product line development. One particular technical challenge is being able to respond to and manage at scale the increasing variety of common, supplier-led and customer-led features. We discuss two different approaches to address this challenge. One is grounded in feature modelling; the other in case-based reasoning. Both approaches aim to support the identification and selection of similar products. However they each place different emphases on these activities, use different product descriptions, and deploy different product derivation methods. Accordingly, each approach has different key properties, benefits and limitations.


The analytic index system for statement of cash flow based on convertibility,solvency,profitability and financial flexibility as the analytic targets is built up via studying the analytic targets and indexes of such statement,in order to realize organic combination of analysis for three main financial statements,i.e.balance sheet,profit and loss statement and cash flow statement.


BACKGROUND
 Around 1 million patients fall in US hospitals annually, with an associated direct medical cost of $50 billion dollars. Substantial nationwide efforts to reduce hospital falls in the past decade have yet to produce sustained results. This may in part be due to limited understanding of fall risk factors and overreliance on limited data.

 OBJECTIVE
 The purpose of our study was to explore text patterns associated with patient falls in a previously understudied data source: registered nurses' electronic health record progress notes.

 METHODS
 This study employed supervised and unsupervised text-mining methods using data from medical/surgical units in a large academic health center in North Florida between 2013 and 2015. The data corpus consisted of registered nurses' progress notes for patient cases who fell during their hospitalization and patient controls who were at risk during the same period but did not fall.

 RESULTS
 The analytical sample comprised of 107,842 progress notes for 2,171 patients (734 fallers and 1,437 non-fallers who had registered nurses' progress notes documented during their stay). Supervised text-mining with dictionary matching revealed significantly more frequent documentation of cognitive patient factors and environmental factors in fallers' progress notes compared to non-fallers. Unsupervised text-mining through topic modelling highlighted text patterns indicative of workflow or communication factors. Predictive models for both supervised and unsupervised text-mining features were developed, with an F1 score ranging from 0.184-0.591.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Findings of this study indicate that registered nurses' progress notes contain factors associated with risk of falling that may not be captured in structured data. These include environmental factors, cognitive patient factors, and factors related to documentation practices. The findings highlight previously under-examined risk factors for hospital-acquired falls and can be used for hypothesis generation for further clinical research to prevent falls and improve patient safety at the bedside.


In Abashiri District of eastern Hokkaido, Japan, much arable land leveled for agricultural use has subsoil layers that consist of Kutcharo pyroclastic flow deposits. These deposits in subsoil are generally firm and they inhibit the root development of arable crops. However, their available phosphorus (Truog-P) content is high (70-170 mg P 2O5 /kg). Sources of phosphorus (P) in the pyroclastic flow deposits were previously evaluated as apatite. In 2007 and 2008, the utilization of the apatite-P in pyroclastic flow deposits in the subsoil was tried in a field cultivation experiment with sugar beet. Before the experiment, trenchers were used to thoroughly mix the pyroclastic flow subsoil with topsoil in a part of the field to promote root development (subsoil mixed plot) and the rest of the field was used as a control plot. During the cultivation, the changes of the soil available P and P uptake of sugar beet were measured. Subsoil mixing clearly improved root development. For the subsoil mixed plot, the yield of sugar was 30% higher, and the phosphorus uptake was 50% higher than the control plot in 2007. In 2008, also the increase of phosphorus uptake was observed for subsoil mixed plot although the yield was not improved. Under cultivation, it was observed that the soil Truog-P was increased and the pH was decreased in the subsoil mixed plot. These results suggested that the weathering of apatite-P in the pyroclastic flow deposits was enhanced in the subsoil mixed plot by the reaction with soil reactive Al and/or Fe and low pH condition. The weathering of apatite-P should increase the P uptake of the sugar beet. Thus the apatite-P should be an important P resource for agriculture.


We have generated images of five tooth slices and three plastic step-wedges over a range of frequencies contained within a broadband terahertz pulse. It is observed that the boundaries between different types of materials (or thickness) are frequency dependent. A quantitative model of such image artefacts, involving the parameters of radiation frequency, sample thickness and material refractive indices, successfully reproduces the experimental data.