The purpose of this study was to obtain in-depth knowledge of learning andragogy Malcolm S Knowles in current practice through studies at the HR Capacity Building Training for Facilitators of Mainstreaming Children's Rights (PUHA) for Employees in the District / City Government in East Java. This study used a qualitative method, with the primary data of the study obtained through in-depth interviews with 9 (eight)
participants. The results of the study show that: Strengthening the capacity of PUHA facilitators seen from the standpoint of the learning theory of Malcolm S Knowles, first the effort to prepare participants was not optimal, found a letter requesting participants not equipped with a complete explanation and target participants not in accordance with the target group. Second, building a conducive learning climate, the
implementation of transactional analysis forms harmonious communication where the teacher acts as a teacher, trainer, resource person and as a facilitator who is open, responsible, warm, caring and sincere. Third, creating a mechanism for joint planning, divided into two, namely the planning of learning delivered by the facilitator is communicated directly to participants and organizers, and the delivery of aspirations from participants to the organizers is carried out indirectly, namely tiered through the class structure. Fourth, diagnosing the learning needs of the participants was done by opening an intense communication space on three parties, both those conducted by participants to the facilitator and the organizing committee. Fifth, efforts to formulate program objectives to meet the needs of education and training cannot be done unilaterally, but there is a mechanism for coordination meetings involving experts engaged in the fulfillment of the rights and protection of children. Sixth, the effort to
design the pattern of learning experience as the flow of learning with heterogeneous levels of participants starting from a simple dialogue starting from the introduction of the identity and origin of learners and their role in fulfilling the rights and protection
of children. Seventh, an effort to identify the learning experience with the technique of mapping the achievements of KLA's development performance and feed back
participants in testimony of the cases raised. Eighth, an effort to evaluate the results of learning and rediagnosing learning needs, in addition to pre-test and post-test, also evaluates and evaluates the presentation of the results of field observations during the
results seminar. Empirically, the researchers found two new things that strengthened the eight stages of Malcolm S Knowles' learning andragogy, namely the need to
identify the characteristics of PUHA facilitator training students and alumni, requiring stages of maintaining transfer learning that put ideas about adult learning into a lifelong learning perspective that is no longer limited by time and space


In the mid-nineteenth century, while the major industries summoned up by capitalism were still booming in Europe, a Jew was already sitting in the British Museum dissecting its secret, and declaring its death sentence.


AIM: To determine whether the viartrils could provide a beneficial effect on the prevention of early/middle stage osteoarthritis(OA) and affect the proliferation of chondrocytes. METHODS: An OA model was produced with severing the anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee in 24 adult New Zealand rabbits. The animals were then randomly divided into viartrils group and control group. After surgical operation, viartrils (mainly contains glucosamine sulphate) 2 pills per day were administered to the animals in viartrils group. The animals were sacrificed and specimens were taken from the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condylar seven weeks after operation. Each case was evaluated according to a modified histological-histochemical grading system(HHGS) using HE and safranin O/fast green staining slides, and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the proliferation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. RESULTS: The method of severing the anerior, posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee could successfully induce the early/middle stage model of OA. The pathological remark in control group was significantly higher than that in the viartrils group (P0 05). The proliferative index of viartrils group chondrocytes was also higher than that in control (P0 05). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that viartrils could increase the proliferation of chondrocytes and prevent the development of OA pathologic process.


On 24th May, 2012, 1 sat down to talk with the producer Emile Sherman and script writer Louise Fox about the process of adapting Dead Europe to the big screen. Emile won the Academy Award for Best Picture for his production of The King's Speech (2010), and Louise has written extensively for radio, the theatre, and television, including being one of the key writers on Love My Way.The film departs substantially from the novel. While the novel switches between the present-day narrative of Greek-Australian Isaac Raftis' sojourn across Europe and that of his grandmother, Lucia, growing up in a small village in Greece in the early twentieth-century, the film discards Lucia's narrative completely in favour of Isaac's. This change is accompanied by a shift in focus from Isaac's mother in the novel to that of his father who, played by William Zappa, has a pivotal role in the film. In the novel, Isaac's return to his family village re-activates the ancient family curse placed upon his grandmother. But in the film, the family curse seems to be re-activated in the lead-up to Isaac's planned departure for Europe: we see his father fill his mouth with soil, then commit suicide by deliberately crashing his car. Isaac's trip to Europe thus inadvertently becomes a pilgrimage to put his father's ashes to rest in their ancestral Greek village. He feels a connection to his ancestral homeland despite having gimvn up on another continent, but the land itself infects him and soils him spiritually. Europe in this film carries within it fertility and potential for grcnvth, but also all the dirt, waste, and remnants of the past that his family wanted to bury and forget.LYNDA NG (LN): Emile, hmv do you pick your projects? You've produced several successful films that were adapted from literary texts (Disgrace, The King's Speech, and Dead Europe). What is it about a novel or-in the case of The King's Speech, a play-that tirtnslates into a good film?EMILE SEIERMAN (ES): Well, The King's Speech wasn't a produced play, so in a way it was more like a screenplay that I read. I'm conscious that novels are very different from films, and often very good novels-literary novels-don't make good films because films essentially need story. Novels work very well for the internal world but film is much more an external world. Often, in terms of what I'm interested in-it's something that has-it takes on something interesting-it takes on a big topic or it's something that takes on an interesting angle-something different. I'm often not drawn to normal drama books that are just stories of families or whatever. It needs to have some element that makes it different and that you can almost talk about and people go-oh, that's the thing about that. I think that can be important when you're trying to make a film that's going to have to cut through in a crowded film marketplace and you'll have to get it financed and you'll have to get audiences to want to go and see it. There'll always be a brilliant movie that's just a lovely domestic drama, but that's very hard to actually pull together. So, in the case of Dead Europe it felt like it was making a really quite bold statement about how the past is so pressed against the present, and what lies beneath the surface of contemporary Europe, and on the fringes of contemporary Europe. Disgrace, obviously, was making quite a big statement about race relations in the state of South Africa. But sometimes it might be an amazing actor or amazing director who is interested in a book. But I think that finding something that is a little bit extraordinary is the key for me.LN: Where did the idea for the project originate?ES: It was a synchronicitous originating process. I read the book-I actually read about it in-I subscribe to Booksellers and Publishers, that magazine. And I read about a review in it. I read the book and I thought, wow, this would be incredible, and I started negotiating the rights with Christos. …


This essay explores the material conditions that gave rise to increasingly centralized, hierarchical social organizations between the 13th and 15th centuries. In particular, it focuses on two empires in very different parts of the world: the Mali Empire in West Africa, and the Mongol Empire in Eurasia. Of central importance are the ways in which military conquest, trade, and technology aided the development of these empires. Trade, Technology, and Culture: The Mali Empire in West Africa Of the numerous empires that developed and disappeared on the African continent, Mali was one of the first south of the Sahara to capture the attention of both the Islamic and European worlds. Mali also illustrates the range and diversity of historical sources, written and nonwritten, that may be brought to bear on the reconstruction of empires. Mali is an example of an empire that used culture, ideology, and language (Mande) to dominate an expanding territory. The grassland and semiarid region included virtually all of what was known as the savanna, or "Sudan," and the Sahel, from the Sahara's edge to the forest's edge in West Africa. The empire's manipulation of technology (iron and horses) and ecology (beneficial climatic shifts) emphasizes two of the possible means by which smaller polities may be integrated into the structure of a larger empire. At its height in the fourteenth century C.E. the Mali Empire covered an area greater than 24,000 square kilometers (9000 square miles), and it influenced, through trade connections, an even larger portion of West Africa for several centuries. Early West African States and the Caravan Trade Mali was not the first empire to occupy the large grasslands region of West Africa that straddled the Sahara, the semiarid edge of the desert known as the "Sahel" (literally the "shore" of the great ocean of sand, in Arabic) and the inland delta of the Niger River. According to oral traditions, the first state in that area was known as Ghana by the sixth century C.E. These traditions suggest that the political unity of ancient Ghana was based on its control of the very lucrative gold trade of the western Sudan and Sahara. Two of the three major sources of gold, Bambuk and Bure, were situated within reach of the Senegambia region, between the Senegal and Gambia Rivers and the inland Niger delta.


A reexamination of the potential costs of anticipated inflation in view of the inflation indexing system established during the 1980s.


In the process of nickel smelting, the working condition for electric furnace transformer is worse than those for general electric power transformer. With the development of microcomputer and field bus technology, it is necessary to design a new type of protecting and monitoring system for electric furnace transformer. This paper describes a micro processor based protecting and monitoring system for it. The most important part of this system is a micro controller unit, which uses the embedded microprocessor with high performance 87C196KC 20. This unit not only completes all sorts of the transformer protection and the function of automatic coinciding, it can also communicate with the monitoring host by using the technology of CAN (Controller Area Network). This fully distributed microcomputer system realizes the function of protecting, measuring and fault diagnosis for electric furnace transformer.


Objective To investigate the different expression of several different types of drug resistance associated protein between breast carcinoma and triple negative breast carcinoma,and to explore the characteristics of drug resistance protein of triple negative breast carcinoma. Methods The expressions of drug resistance associated protein p170,LRP,GSTπ,TopoⅡa were detected in 62 cases of breast carcinoma without chemotherapy and endocrine therapy,including 20 cases of triple breast carcinoma and 40 cases of non-triple breast carcinoma by immunochemistry.Results The positive rates of p170,LRP,GSTπ,TopoⅡa in 62 cases of breast carcinoma were 41.94%,59.68%,56.45%,62.90% respectively,which in non-triple negative breast carcinoma group were 40.48%,59.52%,47.62%,57.14% respectively,and the positive rate in triple negative breast carcinoma group were 45.00%,60.00%,75.00%,75.00% respectively. The positive expression of GSTπ in triple negative breast carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in non-triple negative breast carcinoma group (P0.05). The co-expression of drug resistance protein in triple negative breast carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in non-triple negative breast carcinoma group (P0.05). Conclusion The expression and co-expression of drug-resistance protein exist in initial-treated breast carcinoma. Chemotherapy may be less sensitive to triple breast carcinoma. The higher expression of GSTπ in triple breast carcinoma may imply poorer outcome of triple breast carcinoma.


Abstract : In this article, the author emphasizes the probable impacts of change in American social and cultural contexts, which necessarily overlap the areas of politics, economics, foreign relations, and national security affairs. He sets forth a few deliberately provocative questions whose relevance should emerge during the course of the discussion: (1) In an age of mass media and mass opinion, are we more, or less, vulnerable to prevailing "wisdom" that is sometimes inaccurate and misleading?; (2) Can a community preserve its integrity if individual conscience is accorded a priority overriding all other considerations?; (3) Which value, achievement or equality, will contribute most to the realization of social cohesion in future society?; (4) If America must eventually fight a particular war, is it more desirable to fight it, if possible, on foreign soil, or to wait and fight it on American soil?; (5) Is the prevailing attitude of Americans really biased against the military, or is that a recurrent myth which certain writers keep telling us is so?; (6) or Samuel Huntington's question: "How can a liberal society provide for its military security when this requires the maintenance of professional military forces and institutions fundamentally at odds with liberalism?" These and many other questions suggest themselves as being invested with increased significance in the modern context of military affairs. Answers to these questions are, as usual in dynamic times, not clear.


Optical microdisk cavities with certain asymmetric shapes are known to possess unidirectional far-field emission properties. Here, we investigate arrays of these dielectric microresonators with respect to their emission properties resulting from the coherent behaviour of the coupled constituents. This approach is inspired by electronic mesoscopic physics where the additional interference effects are known to enhance the properties of the individual system. As an example we study the linear arrangement of nominally identical Limacon-shaped cavities and find mostly an increase of the portion of directional emitted light while its angular spread is largely diminished from 20 degrees for the single cavity to about 3 degrees for a linear array of 10 Limacon resonators, in fair agreement with a simple array model. Moreover, by varying the inter-cavity distance we observe windows of reversion of the emission directionality and super-directionality that can be interesting for applications. We introduce a generalized array factor model that takes the coupling into account.


ism. Studies have demonstrated that while suicide terror is a proportionately uncommon form of terror, it causes a disproportionately high number of casualties. This is because the suicide bomber is the epitome of a smart bomb', a device uniquely able to select the precise time and place where it can inflict the most damage. Suicide terror also has a tremendous psychological affect on its target population and the greater world audience. The grotesque images of a blown-up bus or cafe leave an indelible impression in the minds of all those who bear witness to it, and inspire an unprecedented fear that such a deadly attack can occur anytime, anywhere. Furthermore, the knowledge that someone sacrificed their life for a given cause often invites an observer unfamiliar with the mentality of a suicide bomber to consider the legitimacy of the bomber s plight, no matter how irrational it is.


Laboratories, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa. This concentrate was blended with a pyrochlore ore from the same deposit to prepare material for a chemisally certified reference ore. To characterize the material, thirteen microprobe analyses were performed on eight pyrochlore grains from the concentrate. The analyses are presented here to supplement existing data on the mineral (Perrault 1968), and to further characterize the Oka pyrochlore.


Copyright: © 2012 Alexiev BA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Polyomavirus hominis 1, better known as BK virus (BKV), infects up to 90% of the general population [1]. Following a typically subclinical primary infection, BKV establishes a lifelong persistent infection in the kidney and urinary tract. The introduction during the past two decades of new more potent immunosuppressive regimens has led to a significant increase in BKV associated pathology, including but not limited to BKV allograft nephropathy (BKAN), ureteral stenosis, and hemorrhagic cystitis [2,3]. Approximately 40 years ago, Koss described polyomavirus inclusion bearing cells for the first time in urine specimens [4]. He coined the term "decoy cells" to alert pathologists not to misdiagnose viral inclusion bearing cells as malignant cancer cells [3]. The name decoy cell is a descriptive term for epithelial cells with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies that can have different phenotypes (types 1-4) depending upon the state of viral replication and maturation as well as the state of cellular preservation [3]. The shedding of decoy cells generally indicates the (re)activation of polyomavirus (BK) in the urothelium [3]. Although productive infections with cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus or human papillomavirus can show nuclear abnormalities including viral inclusion bodies, typical decoy cells are generally not found in the urine in these infections [3].


In this work, a three-parameter Weibull Inverse Rayleigh (WIR) distribution is proposed. The new WIR distribution is an extension of a one-parameter Inverse Rayleigh distribution that incorporated a transformation of the Weibull distribution and Log-logistic as quantile function. The statistical properties such as quantile function, order statistic, monotone likelihood ratio property, hazard, reverse hazard functions, moments, skewness, kurtosis, and linear representation of the new proposed distribution were studied theoretically. The maximum likelihood estimators cannot be derived in an explicit form. So we employed the iterative procedure called Newton Raphson method to obtain the maximum likelihood estimators. The Bayes estimators for the scale and shape parameters for the WIR distribution under squared error, Linex, and Entropy loss functions are provided. The Bayes estimators cannot be obtained explicitly. Hence we adopted a numerical approximation method known as Lindley's approximation in other to obtain the Bayes estimators. Simulation procedures were adopted to see the effectiveness of different estimators. The applications of the new WIR distribution were demonstrated on three real-life data sets. Further results showed that the new WIR distribution performed credibly well when compared with five of the related existing skewed distributions. It was observed that the Bayesian estimates derived performs better than the classical method.


Sponsoring Organizations: the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, assisted by the American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine

Background and Purpose: These guidelines, a revision of the 1999 document, apply primarily to adult patients with stable chest-pain syndromes and known or suspected coronary artery disease. However, the guidelines also include subsections on asymptomatic patients with known or suspected CAD; these subsections appear after the corresponding sections for symptomatic patients.

Key Points:

1. There is a new class-I indication for ACE inhibitors in patients who have significant documented CAD …


It is just over a year since it became a legal requirement for veterinary practice premises from which veterinary medicinal products are supplied to be registered with the RCVS. Together with the requirement to register came the introduction of inspections to ensure that practices are complying with the Veterinary Medicines Regulations. Here, John Millward, head of the Animal Medicines Inspectorate at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, highlights some of the most common issues that have arisen in the first year of inspections, to help other practices prepare for their own inspection.


In this paper, we explore the conceptualisation and measurement of perceived online switching costs. Through a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the measurement items of each construct were submitted to tests evaluating dimensionality, convergent validity, reliability and discriminant validity. The results indicate five distinctive dimensions; namely, artificial cost, learning cost, uncertainty cost, search and evaluation cost and brand relationship cost. The measurement purification and validation processes were carried out using two samples from the same population comprising internet purchasers in the UK.


The invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine electronically controlled by a computer, performing the detection of fouling of at least one spark plug and a temporary change command to reduce this fouling. It also relates to a device for measuring the spark plug fouling comprising a circuit (5) for measuring the current (Is) circulating in the secondary winding (Lp) of the coil, this measurement being performed during the charging time of the primary winding (Lp) of the coil (1) and delivering a signal representing the fouling of the spark plug.


In Electric Vehicle applications, the converters play a significant role by stepping up or stepping down the input voltage and feeds the motor. The implementation and the mathematical analysis of the DC-DC Converters are analysed and presented here. This paper gives the better view of Zeta converter, Superlift Luo converter and Cascaded boost converterruns the BLDC motor with constant voltage for the electric vehicle and the simulation is carried out by the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results of the proposed DC-DC converters are compared with the analysed values.


The hassles associated with voting and jury duty are among the prices one pays for living in a democracy. No one wants to go out in a blizzard to vote or to miss work to serve on a jury (or worse, a jury panel). Yet, a moment's reflection makes one realize that however onerous these duties may seem while we do them, they are, in fact, great privileges, as well as duties. In order to realize this, one needs to spend time in a totalitarian society, as I did in Poland when it was under Soviet domination or in Spain under Franco. I remember one Pole asking me in wondering tones, "Is it true that some Americans never vote?"

Nonetheless, this privilege is not without issues, as this case identifies. Should an employer in essence provide paid leave for employees fulfilling these obligations? Generally, the burden of such obligations strikes all equally, in the sense that everyone is equally inconvenienced or forced to lose some income. In other words, an employer will possibly be called to serve and, thus, may himself or herself lose some income potential. So, it does not seem to me morally obligatory for an employer to "pay twice," once via his own loss and again by having to compensate employees for time spent fulfilling their own obligations.

Having said that, I can imagine an employer wanting to provide such compensation out of a desire to reward an employee or to encourage and reward civic involvement, or simply because his or her business is lucrative enough to easily afford such largesse. While such behavior is commendable, I do not believe it is obligatory, for the reasons just noted. More reasonably, an employer could give the employee the chance to make up the time on a day off, on a weekend, or by pulling emergency duty. Such an opportunity at least helps to minimize the onerousness of such service.


The damage of tungsten target under repetitive plasma loads have been studied with a quasi-stationary plasma accelerator QSPA Kh-50. The target construction was close to the ITER divertor reference design. The plasma stream parameters were relevant to ITER ELMs (surface heat load of 0.9 MJ/m 2 and pulse duration of 0.25 ms). The features of surface erosion and particle emission have been investigated in the course of increasing number of plasma pulses. The number of solid/droplet particles separated from the exposed target and their dynamics depend on the applied exposition dose. The contribution of different erosion mechanisms to the tungsten target destruction was evaluated. PACS: 52.40.HF


Current methods of satellite-based relative point determination (static) over long distances can provide a position accuracy of +/-2-3mm and a height accuracy of about +/-5-6mm. Practical surveying techniques however aim towards a reliable and reproducible quasi-real time solution with cm accuracy over short and middle distances under employment of small devices and at low data communication costs. Thus, the best possible accuracy in point determination and the underlying reference framework do not rank among the priority goals. This type of state-of-the-art GNSS point determination is based on reference station networks which provide us with sufficient information about the condition of the atmosphere or other systematic error sources. Cause we receive reference data transmitted by means of GSM or GPRS to the Rover (or also simulated (VRS)), we still speak about relative positioning. If we receive solely error models from the network to correct code and phase observations on zero-difference level, we speak about "Precise Point Positioning" (PPP).


In the light of the actual conditions of the engineering of intelligent substation,this paper introduces the water supply system of the whole substation,and connecting with the life-cycle management concept,makes the technical and economical analysis and comparison,and determines an economic and practical scheme of water supply system that meets the actual needs of the engineering.


This study aims to identify the concept of learning which will motivate the learning of accounting students based on the curriculum of the accounting study program in Makassar. The study sample was 87 students from several private universities in Makassar. The research method used was descriptive research that identified 5 learning motivation of accounting students, learning outcomes, lecturer learning methods, and lecturer ratings. The results showed that on average students had high learning motivation even though there were also some students who had low motivation. Students may have entrinsic motivation but they try to learn because they are motivated to get high scores. Accounting students understand the competencies to be obtained and are supported by varied learning methods from lecturers. These results may be explained by the results of a test of the relationship or association between learning motivation and GPA which indicates a relationship between the two. While learning motivation and duration of study, learning motivation and GPA, as well as GPA and duration of study there is no relationship or not associated with one another.


By constructing a model atmosphere, I have calculated the theoretical energy distribution of the emergent radiation that best matches the observed energy distribution of the star Cassiopeiae, and so derived its effective temperature and surface gravity. For an accurate comparison between theory and observations, it is desirable to determine the interstellar extinction "in situ" and then correct the observations for it. Fortunately, (J) Cas is very likely a member of the open cluster NGC 457. Five early-B-type stars near the main-sequence turnoff in NGC 457 were observed at low dispersion with the WE satellite. In order to use the "pair method" to derive the extinction curve for NGC 457, 1 have developed a new method of choosing a lightly reddened comparison star. It consists of matching the equivalent widths of spectral features that are particularly strong and sensitive to temperature and luminosity. The UV extinction in NGC 457 deviates from the average extinction for the Milky Way and is uniform across the cluster. For the visible region, monochromatic fluxes of 4> Cas were dereddened with a mean extinction curve. Thus, the intrinsic energy distribution of § Cas was determined from 1500 A to 5800 A. A detailed new spherical model atmosphere was constructed. The equation of transfer was solved with the constraints of hydrostatic and pure radiative equilibrium. The statistical equilibrium of 106 transitions was treated. Several tests have demonstrated this model to be reliable. Comparison of the observed UV and visible energy distributions and the HO, Ca II K, and Mg II h and k line profiles with the theoretical results indicates that the best model for Cas.


Abstract The contemporary role of surveying in the process of vertical, horizontal and group (cluster) land title registration is discussed and conclusions are drawn as to the likely direction cadastral surveying will take in Australia.


The emperor Vespasian consults with an Italian oracle what to do with the German captive Veleda Typology (Honorific / Funerary / etc.): Oracular Original Location/Place: Casalinaccio, close to the acropolis of Ardea Actual Location (Collection/Museum): Museo di Villa Giulia (Italy) Date: 78 CE to 79 CE Physical Characteristics: Only a small fragment has survived. The top, bottom, and sides are broken. There is no word separation and the letterforms are rounded. There is a small vacat on the bottom of the inscription, probably indicating that this was the end of the text Material: Marble Measurements: 16,50 centimetres in height, 16,50 in width, and 2,5 thick. Letters are 1,1-1,2 centimetres tall Language: Greek


ABSTRACT One contributing factor to France's devastating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War was a lack of geographic knowledge at all levels of the army. As a result, politicians proposed significant educational reforms in the 1880s, which included an enhanced role of geography in the national curriculum. In order to improve access to and understanding of that subject, French geographer Paul Vidal de la Blache published a series of Cartes murales that appeared in classrooms throughout the nation. Yet his Carte 10 France Frontière Nord-Est et Alsace-Lorraine, one such map, deviates from his primary mission of teaching pupils about the nation and focuses instead on the delicate topic of France's new border with Germany. This article will examine Vidal's map, on which he accurately presents the post-1871 political landscape. However, his cartographic discourse (colour, text, symbols), based on his geographic writings and national sentiment, differentiates Alsace-Lorraine from the new German Empire and helps his readers to question its authority over the two provinces.


Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which may involve an oxidant injury to the lung. Assessment of oxidant stress is difficult in vivo, but measurement of F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs), free radical‐catalysed products of arachidonic acid, appears to offer a reliable approach for quantitative measurement of oxidative stress status in vivo. We have recently developed a mass spectrometric assay for 2,3‐dinor‐5,6‐dihydro‐15‐F2t‐IsoP (15‐F2t‐IsoP‐M), the major urinary metabolite of the F2‐IsoP, 15‐F2t‐IsoP (8‐iso‐PGF2a). Measurement of the urinary excretion of this metabolite offers a reliable index of oxidative stress status in vivo that has advantages over measuring unmetabolized F2‐IsoPs in urine and plasma.


There is increasing recognition that many children and adolescents fail to achieve adequate calcium intake. Fewer than 40% of 6- to 18-year-olds


As networking and Cloud computing technologies have evolved, a wide range of Cloud services has been introduced by different Cloud service providers. Many organizations and individuals are using these services as a part of their regular work. Thus, the performance of users' systems is significantly dependent upon the performance of the services they employ. Therefore, it becomes crucial for Cloud users to thoroughly evaluate and compare the available Cloud services to select the best of them. However, different Cloud service models, range of pricing and feature schemes, different performance attributes used by service providers, fuzzy nature of some of the performance attributes, etc. make Cloud service performance analysis and comparison a challenging task. In addition, different user preferences regarding Cloud service attributes make this analysis even more complex. This situation leads to ambiguity and indecisiveness in selecting a Cloud service that best matches the end-user's needs and thus leads to degraded performance of user's systems and financial losses. To this end, this article proposes a unified Cloud service measurement index to provide a single comprehensive framework for multi-level evaluation of Cloud services. For a detailed and effective performance evaluation, we identified 8 top-level attributes of Cloud services and 65 detailed key performance indicators to evaluate these attributes. For an analytical ranking of the target Cloud services, we employed "Multi-Attribute Global Inference of Quality", which considers the hierarchical relationship of performance attributes. Our method considers user preferences for Cloud service attributes in terms of attribute weights and is flexible to select all or only user-preferred Cloud service attributes. We show the application of the proposed framework and the ranking method using a case study.


The breeding goals of warmblood
 horses today focus on the performance in riding sport and quality of gaits
 has considerable impact on the value of a horse. Regardless of the intended
 use of the horse, correct gaits and balanced movement belong to the most
 important and basic qualities of a riding horse. Findings indicating in
 coordination or impaired balance were rarely, but regularly seen in horses of
 different ages in the context of breeding events of the Oldenburg breeding societies. The standard
 evaluation and selection procedures which are based on subjective scorings of
 rather generally defined traits were obviously not suitable to eliminate certain
 unfavorable movement characteristics. Knowledge on prevalences and distributions was needed to answer the
 question of the possible role of genetic factors. Detailed movement
 evaluations of foals and mares were used to define and analyze new movement
 traits, which may serve as measures of impaired balance. Furthermore
 investigations were undertaken analyzing the correlations between the new
 assessed movement traits and the standard conformation and performance traits
 routinely assessed during studbook inspections and mare performance tests in
 the field.
 Performance information on 2,758 mares,
 mostly 3-4 years-olds that had completed mare performance tests (MPT) was
 used for genetic analyses focusing on options to improve existing breeding
 programs through refined trait definition. For all mares, scores on a scale
 from 1 to 10 were available for walk, trot, canter, rideability,
 and free jumping, with gait scores representing means from evaluation during
 free movement (F) and under rider (R). Distinct F and R gait scores were used
 to investigate the effect of evaluation type on variance components. Genetic
 parameters were estimated with residual maximum likelihood (REML) in
 multivariate linear animal models. Heritability estimates for the MPT traits
 ranged from 0.19 (rideability) to 0.57
 (free-jumping). For the gaits heritabilities were
 similar (canter) or higher (walk, trot) for F scores than for corresponding R
 scores. The correlations between F and R scores for the same gait were found
 to be closer additive genetically (rg =
 0.7-0.9) than phenotypically (rp
 = 0.4-0.6), but may indicate F and R scores may not represent exchangeable
 measures of the same trait. Further correlation analyses revealed moderately
 to highly positive additive genetic correlations between gaits and rideability for both F and R scores, whereas additivee genetic correlations between walk and canter
 and between trot and free jumping was relevantly dependent on evaluation
 type. Because selection of riding horses represents multiple-trait selection,
 better reflection of covariances between selection
 traits will help maximizing the overall breeding progress. According to our
 results, Warmblood breeding may therefore benefit
 from refinement of trait definition with clear distinction between gait
 evaluation during free movement and under rider. For defining new movement traits detailed
 movement evaluations of 3,374 warmblood foals and
 2,844 mares were further performed in connection with regular breeding events
 of the Oldenburg
 horse breeding societies in 2009 and 2010. Unfavorable
 movement characteristics considered indicative for impaired balance were
 noted by a special judge (SJ) and the regular judges of the breeding events
 (RJ) and served as the basis for definition of new movement traits. Detailed
 movement information showed that more severe findings like irregular motion
 pattern in hind legs (HM) or irregularity in general motion pattern (GM)
 occurred only sporadically (prevalences of 1-2%).
 Irregular tail tone or posture (TTP) was documented for 4% of the foals and
 5% of the mares, resulting in prevalences of the
 comprehensive trait indications of imbalance (IMB) of 6.2% (foals) and 5.5%
 (mares). Binary coding was used for all traits, and genetic parameters were
 estimated bivariately in linear animal models with
 residual maximum likelihood (REML). Comparative analyses between judges
 revealed that differences between trait definitions of SJ and RJ were larger
 in the mares than in the foals, but justified combined use of SJ and RJ
 information in both age groups. Heritability estimates for the movement
 traits ranged on the original scale from 0.02 to 0.26 in the foals and from
 0.03 to 0.12 in the mares, with heritabilities for
 IMB on the underlying liability scale of 0.46 (foals) and 0.22 (mares).
 Comparative analyses between age groups indicated that common genetic factors
 may be responsible for findings of impaired balance in foals and mares. Information on the new movement traits
 reflecting unfavorable movement characteristics for
 3,374 foals and 2,844 mares was used for correlation analyses with
 conformation information on 1,987 mares from studbook inspections (SBI) in
 2009 and performance information on 2,758 mares from mare performance tests
 (MPT) in 2000-2008. Analyses of variance revealed few significant differences
 between scores for SBI and MPT traits in mares without and with indications
 of imbalance (IMB) in general or specific findings like irregular tail tone
 or posture (TTP). SBI scores for general impression and development were
 significantly lower and MPT scores for trot under rider tended to be higher
 in IMB-positive mares. Genetic parameters were estimated in linear animal
 models with residual maximum likelihood (REML). Additive genetic correlations
 and Pearson correlation coefficients between univariately
 predicted breeding values indicated unfavorable
 genetic correlations of IMB and TTP with dressage related conformation and
 performance traits. For SBI and MPT traits we found similarities between the
 correlation patterns for DME traits in foals and mares. The results implied
 that breeding of dressage horses may benefit from revision of current
 movement evaluation and consideration of specific movement characteristics.


We propose a new model of modified F(R) gravity theory with the function F(R) = ( 1 /β) arcsin (βR) . Constant curvature solutions corresponding to the flat and de Sitter spacetime are obtained. The Jordan and Einstein frames are considered; the potential and the mass of the scalar degree of freedom are found. We show that the flat spacetime is stable and the de Sitter spacetime is unstable. The slow-roll parameters (cid:3) , η , and the e -fold number of the model are evaluated in the Einstein frame. The index of the scalar spectrum power-law n s and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r are calculated. Critical points of autonomous equations for the de Sitter phase and the matter dominated epoch are found and studied. We obtain the approximate solution of equations of motion which is the deviation from the de Sitter phase in the Jordan frame. It is demonstrated that the model passes the matter stability test.


Different models of assessment of written solutions of mathematical problems are presented in this phd-thesis. The advantages and the disadvantages of several models are discussed and evaluated.
In the context of an empirical investigation of about 350 pupils (classes 5 and 6 of secondary schools) particularly the analytic and the holistic scoring are evaluated in detail.


This paper is about reflecting to the approach of Living Labs as challenging but productive and useful means of building and establishing communities in urban settings. So far, there are several Living Labs implemented over the world with more or less success, but it is still not clear how to make them powerful approaches to create and support sustainable, self-organized, and autonomous communities. In this paper, we deal with this problem. We present our neighborhood mobility lab (aspern.mobil LAB) to illustrate how to set up such a lab from scratch. We show which organizational, (infra)structural elements, and methodical approaches are useful to create a so called research community that also includes active citizens besides other stakeholders. We suggest to consider socio-technology as the guiding principle to shape and manage activities and services of Living Labs for community building and maintenance.


The coaction and competition between the ferroelectric field effect and the strain effect in Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) film/0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 crystal heterostructures were studied. Based on different types of resistance-electric field hysteresis loops at various temperatures, it is clearly identified that the strain effect dominates over the ferroelectric field effect for temperature T above the charge-ordering temperature TCO of PCMO. With the strong localization of charge carriers for T < TCO, the ferroelectric field effect strongly competes with the strain effect and finally dominates over the latter for T < 0.8TCO. Moreover, the poling-induced strain effect is considerably enhanced by a magnetic field, demonstrating the important role of the phase separation in understanding the strain effect in such heterostructures.The coaction and competition between the ferroelectric field effect and the strain effect in Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) film/0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 crystal heterostructures were studied. Based on different types of resistance-electric field hysteresis loops at various temperatures, it is clearly identified that the strain effect dominates over the ferroelectric field effect for temperature T above the charge-ordering temperature TCO of PCMO. With the strong localization of charge carriers for T < TCO, the ferroelectric field effect strongly competes with the strain effect and finally dominates over the latter for T < 0.8TCO. Moreover, the poling-induced strain effect is considerably enhanced by a magnetic field, demonstrating the important role of the phase separation in understanding the strain effect in such heterostructures.


The rendering of dynamic scenes in terrain environment is studied.The flow chart for the rendering is suggested.The spatial discretization method is used to detect the fast collision among moving objects and collision between moving objects and terrain.The point matching and face matching method are utilized to realize the matching between moving objects and terrains.The mesh models and image-based models are used to map tanks and virtual humans.Experimental results show that the method is effective.


The neural computing concept is applied to the optimization of electrical circuits. On the basis of the given circuit structure, an augmented neural network that enables that circuit to be optimized by applying any available analysis method is proposed. The numerical examples confirm the usefulness of the approach.<<ETX>>


Objective To explore the influence of material's hardness on clamp trace after the key was copied by key duplicator.Methods Three kinds metal key,iron key,copper key and aluminum key were duplicated on machines,and the clamped trace on original keys then were observed.Result The clamp traces on three kinds material keys were different.Conclusion The key duplicator trace on convexity-tooth key varied with the hardness of the key's material.


This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic interaction effect of closely spaced square foundations under machine vibration. Under a dynamic condition, a number of large-scale model tests were conducted in the field, which includes a wide range of study on the isolated as well as interacting footing response resting on the local soil available at Kanpur, India. The dynamic interaction of different combinations (size) of two-footing assemblies was investigated by inducing vertical harmonic load on one of the footings (active footing), while the other footing (passive footing) was loaded with static weight only. The active footing was excited with different magnitudes of dynamic loading and the response was recorded for both footings, placed at a different clear spacing (S). The results are compiled and shown as the variation of displacement amplitude with frequency. The transmission ratio that predicts the effect of dynamic excitation of the active footing on the passive one is determined for ...


A design of sensorless brushless DC motor control system, which is based on ST72141K2 microcontroller, is presented in this paper.It emphasizes more on the control theory as well as the realizations of hardware and software are introduced.


Regardless of their size or industry, all organizations achieve their business objectives through their employees. Corporate entrepreneurship is also very important for the business performance of companies. This article deals with general employee satisfaction, corporate entrepreneurship, and the growth of companies. The general satisfaction of employees in terms of their satisfaction with work, their work environment, and the organization for which they work are extremely important to business performance. It is vital that employees find challenge, interest, and a sense of accomplishment in the work they do. The authors presented and empirically tested hypotheses about relationships between general employee satisfaction, corporate entrepreneurship, and company growth. Data for a regression analysis for testing the hypotheses were collected via responses to a structured questionnaire on a sample of Slovenian companies. The research results indicate positive relationships between general employee satisfaction and corporate entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and company growth, and general employee satisfaction and growth of the company. Satisfied employees are an important factor for the sustainable development of enterprises, economies, and societies. Employees are key to the achievement of internal quality in every business organization, regardless of the firm size or industry, and, consequently, integral to the business performance of companies. Managers may identify the interests of employees and receive feedback from them in order to improve business results. Some companies have overly rigid hierarchical structures, operate according to established routines, lack strategic business connections, and offer poor organizational support, so corporate entrepreneurship—entrepreneurship inside existing organizations—as a driving force of the freedom and improved performance of employees becomes even more important for firm operation and growth. Key employees may leave the company if their needs are neglected. Organizations should take good care of all their employees, especially those with drive, innovativeness, and actual or potential contributions to the creation of better products or services. Organizations have many opportunities for employee development, and so do


Planktonic foraminifera from several outcrops and sections in the Pondicherry area, South India, were analyzed to determine their age. Preliminary analysis of the samples collected from various outcrops and sections of Pondicherry area yielded abundant well preserved planktonic foraminifera belonging to Globoanomolina, Parasubbotina, Subbotina Praemurica, Igorina, Acarinina, Morozovella, Pseudohastigerina and Astrorotalia occurring in part of the sequence in association with abundant Discocyclinids . Fifty-two planktonic foraminiferal species of these genera are recorded from and interval spanning from the early Palaeocene zone P1b to the early Eocene zone P9. The stratigraphic distribution of the planktonic foraminifera from these samples do not allow identification of individual biozones, undifferentiated zone intervals can be recognized, including P1b-P2, P3a-P5 and P6-P9. Species are illustrated based on SEM microphotographs. More detailed biostratigraphic work is needed and will be carried out to identify individual zones and determine the completeness of the sections.


This work investigates the somatodendritic shaping of rat oculomotor nucleus motoneurons (Mns) during postnatal development. The Mns were functionally identified in slice preparation, intracellularly injected with neurobiotin, and three‐dimensionally reconstructed. Most of the Mns (∼85%) were multipolar and the rest (∼15%) bipolar. Forty multipolar Mns were studied and grouped as follows: 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 21–30 postnatal days. Two phases were distinguished during postnatal development (P1–P10 and P11–P30). During the first phase, there was a progressive increase in the dendritic complexity; e.g., the number of terminals per neuron increased from 26.3 (P1–P5) to 47.7 (P6–P10) and membrane somatodendritic area from 11,289.9 μm2 (P1–P5) to 19,235.8 μm2 (P6–P10). In addition, a few cases of tracer coupling were observed. During the second phase, dendritic elongation took place; e.g., the maximum dendritic length increased from 486.7 μm (P6–P10) to 729.5 μm in adult Mns, with a simplification of dendritic complexity to values near those for the newborn, and a slow, progressive increase in membrane area from 19,235.8 μm2 (P6–P10) to 24,700.3 μm2 (P21–P30), while the somatic area remained constant. In conclusion, the electrophysiological changes reported in these Mns with maturation (Carrascal et al. [ 2006 ] Neuroscience 140:1223–1237) cannot be fully explained by morphometric variations; the dendritic elongation and increase in dendritic area are features shared with other pools of Mns, whereas changes in dendritic complexity depend on each population; the first phase paralleled the establishment of vestibular circuitry and the second paralleled eyelid opening. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:189–202, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study aims to analyze the procedures for reporting labor wage contributions and elements of internal control on labor wage contributions so that the company's goals can be achieved. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, using primary data and secondary data. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive and uses relevant, accurate, and timely variables. The results showed that: a) BPJS Employment of West Medan Branch Office mentioned cash or cash receipts from its business income by reporting labor wage contributions. b) The reporting of labor wage contributions carried out by the BPJS Employment of West Medan Branch Office is good. BPJS Employment of West Medan Branch Office can divide the contribution report function into four functions, namely the administrative function, the financial function, the technology function, and information, and the marketing function. c) BPJS Employment of West Medan Branch Office carries out all incoming cash receipts, documents, or forms prepared based on the NPP and all contribution receipts either through current accounts or companies are directly deposited directly to the bank every day.


Article 196 EC The European Parliament shall hold an annual session. It shall meet, without requiring to be convened, on the second Tuesday in March.


We investigate probability and belief functions constructed on topological event spaces (without requiring complementation operation as in the definition of Borel sets). Anchored on the Lattice Theory, and making use of the correspondence of distributive lattice and topology, we propose a hierarchical scheme for modeling fusion of evidence based on constructing the lattice of topologies over a given sample space, where each topology encodes context for sensor measurement as specified by the basic probability assignment function. Our approach provides a rigorous mathematical grounding for modeling uncertainty and information fusion based on upper and lower probabilities (such as the Dempster-Shafer model).


A 70-year-old woman with eventration of the left dome of the diaphragm, presented with features of acute respiratory distress. She was successfully treated by emergency plication of the diaphragm. Computed tomography of the chest was useful for diagnosis.


The photoinduced electron transfer chemistry between Os(phen)2dppz2+ and Rh(phi)2bpy3+ bound to DNA has been characterized. Os(phen)2dppz2+ serves as an isostructural analogue for Ru(phen)2dppz2+ with a red-shifted emission spectrum, access to a 3+ oxidation state which is stabilized by ∼500 mV relative to the ruthenium complex, and excited-state lifetimes below 10 ns in the presence of DNA. Emission from Δ-Os(phen)2dppz2+ bound to calf thymus DNA is efficiently quenched by Δ-Rh(phi)2bpy3+, and a lower limit for the quenching constant is set at 7 × 109 s-1. The quenching profile over a range of quencher concentrations is found to be remarkably similar to that of the ruthenium analogue, despite an increase of ∼200 mV in ΔG for the photoinduced, forward electron transfer reaction. Such an observation may indicate the importance of the HOMO energy in the donor excited state, which is similar for both donors. Owing to the lack of spectral overlap between Os(phen)2dppz2+ emission and Rh(phi)2bpy3+ absorption, ...


Chromium-molybdenum alloy steel pistons, which have been used in commercial vehicle applications for some time, have more recently been proposed as a means of improving thermal efficiency in light-duty applications. This work reports a comparison of the effects of geometrically similar aluminium and steel pistons on the combustion characteristics and energy flows on a single cylinder high-speed direct injection diesel research engine tested at two speed / load conditions (1500 rpm / 6.9 bar nIMEP and 2000 rpm / 25.8 bar nIMEP) both with and without EGR. The results indicate that changing to an alloy steel piston can provide a significant benefit in brake thermal efficiency at part-load and a reduced (but non-negligible) benefit at the high-load condition and also a reduction in fuel consumption. These benefits were attributed primarily to a reduction in friction losses. In terms of energy transfer, switching to the steel piston design was shown to reduce heat transfer to the coolant, consistent with lower friction work and reduced conduction through the ring pack, and increase the energy transfer to the oil. Piston blowby was also greatly reduced. Ignition delay times and overall combustion durations were reduced with the steel piston design, possibly indicative of higher piston surface temperatures.


The diagnosis and treatment of complications of intravenous drug use in the emergency department are challenging. Intravenous drug use is a significant risk factor for the development of acute bacterial endocarditis. Commonly, these patients develop endocarditis on the right sided heart valves; however, left sided involvement is not unusual. The mortality is significantly higher with left sided heart pathology. Fever is the most common symptom associated with this disease. Other signs and symptoms present will depend on the side of the heart involved, site of embolisation of vegetations, and the general medical condition of the patient. Staphylococcus species are the predominant bacteria associated with acute bacterial endocarditis in these patients. Empiric antimicrobial treatment should consist of an anti-staphylococcal penicillin and an aminoglycoside. We report the case of an injection drug user with predominantly left sided involvement. The review that follows provides current update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this entity.


Abstract : This report describes the procedure for creating a model for the description of radiation in and released from emissive smoke clouds, that is, clouds in which sources of radiation consist of the internal thermal radiation from an ambient medium as well as from isolated flares. The distribution of the flares in the cloud is in a regular, three-dimensional lattice and is uniform throughout. The model is applicable to the spectral region from the near ultraviolet to the microwave. This smoke cloud model can be used in realistic scenes using external atmospheric conditions and the optical and geometric properties of clouds, flares, targets, and a background. The model is designed to allow a wide range of parameter values to be used to quantify the physical, optical, and geometric properties of clouds, flares and targets, and backgrounds. The model contains simple input and output files, and is user friendly in that all parameters are explained with explicit units given for all constants and variables. However, the user of this model has to have some degree of familiarity with the basic concepts of radiometry and thermal physics.


Background: Exercise improves functional capacity by improving endothelial function and musculoskeletal aerobic metabolism, but its effects on hemodynamic control are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance trainings on structural changes and blood pressure in patients with heart failure. Materials and methods: 76 patients aged 65 to 79 years with EF≤40% were divided into two groups of training and control. The training group exercised endurance and resistance training for 8 weeks, three times a week for 45-60 minutes in hospital and had walking program for 4 days a week at home. Echocardiography and blood pressure indicators were measured before and after exercise. Data analysis were done using SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05. Results: Intra-group analysis of the experimental group by paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests showed a significant increase in LV ejection fraction and decreased end systolic and diastolic volume, diastolic interventricular septum and end diastolic and systolic diameters (p<0.05), and no changes in posterior wall thickness, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). There were no significant changes in the control group in all the variables (p> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that concurrent endurance and resistance training improves the structure and function of the heart in patients with chronic heart failure.


Innovatization in the modern world plays the role of a social progress driver, a factor in increasing the socio-economic security level and a stimulator of territorial social systems crisis-free development. The key role in innovation processes intensification is played by: education, knowledge, research activities. In this article, the authors form subsystems of indicators that characterize the education, knowledge, research components at the country level, carry out their integrated evaluation. Based on integrated assessments, the index of human potential innovatization was built and countries were clustered according to its value in 2018-2020. Contingency tables analysis proved that countries with a high human resource innovatization index are more likely to show a chance to further increase this level. With the help of correlation-regression analysis, it is proved that GDP per capita (the crisis state of the economy indicator) significantly depends on the value of the human potential innovatization index.


Acoustic meta-surfaces offer an extremely successful way of transforming an input acoustic wave into almost any diffraction-limited field. This is typically achieved by encoding a phase delay function on the unit cells that form the meta-surface, which is then manufactured by rapid prototyping. One of the limits of current technology is that meta-surfaces built in this way are targeted to a single, specific application. In this work, we present a method of building acoustic meta-surfaces using metamaterial bricks, designed to operate at 40 kHz and quantized both in the space and in the phase domains. First, we present finite-elements simulations and experiments to discuss key parameters of our bricks as frequency response, directivity, impedance. Second, our metamaterial bricks are used here to achieve some key beam transformations like steering and focusing, but also more complex fields like an acoustic tractor beam. We use the latter to levitate one or more polystyrene beads and diffraction theory to ex...


To register devices operated in an apartment with a home network to wireless transmission channels, we first check that no other unit of a foreign network registration application 18 then transmits a signal 'registration request queue 20, and upon receipt of the identity request signal 26 before the completion of a specific timer 27, it communicates the identity required to the device, otherwise the process is aborted and the later again.


Long-term deals are one tool that both players and franchises use to manage risk. That tool has been much discussed and empirically tested with respect to player shirking, and has more briefly, and only theoretically, discussed with respect to reducing variance in future payrolls. Our work looks at how patterns of use of long-term contracts are affected by changes in contracting rules established through collective bargaining and by expected changes in franchise revenue streams. To accomplish this, we have assembled the most complete dataset of MLB player contracts to date. We analyze changes in contract length and dollar value across players of different ability levels, at different points in their careers (contract status), by position, across CBA agreements, and further examine if new stadiums and new television deals impact contract terms. We confirm the earlier finding that player performance is systematically higher during contract years than during the early portion of a long-term contract. We also find that inclusion of contract length information significantly reduces the unexplained variation in player salaries.


Suppose that you have a k-form ̨ on a manifoldM of dimension n. But you're a spoiled brat and don't like k-forms but rather .n k/-forms, so you go to your dad and throw a tantrum, and your dad says shhh, k-forms are okay, see? k-forms and .n k/-forms are basically the same, you see, .M/ and  .M/ even have the same dimension, it's basically the same thing sweetie stop crying everyone's staring at us please, but you won't have it because all your friends have .n k/-forms and keep crying, and your dad already spent a lot of money in your k-form and .n k/-forms are so expensive! What can your dad do now? He takes your dumb k-form to his workshop and comes out three hours later with a shiny .n k/-form, and hands it to you smiling but he's regretting having children, nay, having you at this point. Oh wow dad, that's perfect thank you so much you're the best dad, how did yo do it? Well I told you, k-forms and .n k/-forms are not that different, you just need a metric and some patience and you can turn one into the other.


Purpose: To characterize outcome measures encompassing particular subsets of visual field points and compare them as obtained with Humphrey (HVF) and Compass perimeters. Methods: 30 patients with imaging-based glaucomatous neuropathy performed a pair of 24-2 tests with each of 2 perimeters. Non-weighted mean deviation (MD) was calculated for the whole field and separate vertical hemifields, and again after censoring of points with low sensitivity (MDc) and subsequently including only "abnormal" points with total deviation probability of <5% (MDc5%) or <2% (MDc2%). Test-retest variability was assessed using Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (95%LoA). Results: For the whole field, using HVF, MD was -7.5  6.9 dB, MDc -3.6  2.8 dB, MDc5% -6.4  1.7 dB and MDc2% -7.3  1.5 dB. With Compass MD was -7.5  6.6, MDc - 2.9  1.7 dB, MDc5% -6.3  1.5, and MDC2% -7.9  1.6. The respective 95% LoA were 5.5, 5.3, 4.6 and 5.6 with HVF, and 4.8, 3.7, 7.1 and 7.1 with Compass. The respective number of eligible points were 52, 42  12, 20  11 and 15  9 with HVF, and 52, 41.2  12.6, 10  7 and 7  5 with Compass. With both machines, standard deviation (SD) and 95%LoA increased in hemifields compared to the total field, but this increase was mitigated after censoring. Conclusions: Restricting analysis to particular subsets of points of interest in the visual field after censoring points with low sensitivity, as compared with using the familiar total field mean deviation, can provide outcome measures with a broader range of mean deviation, a markedly reduced SD and therefore more homogenous dataset, without necessarily worsening test-retest variability.


The goal of this study was to apply a fast data‐driven optimization algorithm, called bias‐accelerated subset selection, for MR brain T1ρ mapping to generate optimized sampling patterns (SPs) for compressed sensing reconstruction of brain 3D‐T1ρ MRI.


Metaphor is persuasive in everyday life,not just in language,but in thought and action.The skillful master of metaphorical competence is an important mark of learner's acquisition of second language vocabulary.In a sense,metaphorical competence is mutually related to vocabulary acquisition.The stronger metaphorical competence,the easier vocabulary acquisition is.


To provide base for the remote sense monitoring of wheat growth,the canopy spectrum and chlorophyll content at different growth stages of wheat growing in irrigated land and dryland was analyzed using various,then the models for estimating chlorophyll content of spring wheat at different kinds of land were established The results showed that chlorophyll content of spring wheat at whole growing period increased at first and decreased subsequently,and it was higher in irrigated land than in dry land.The canopy spectral reflectance in the visible region showed in the order as:sunny and two-side slop landshady landirrigated land,and the canopy spectral reflectance in near-infrared region was opposite.At grain setting and milk stage,the leaf chlorophyll content was correlated significantly with MSAVI2and PSRI of different land;while at jointing,heading and flowering stages,the leaf chlorophyll content was highly correlated with GNDVI and mNDI in shady and irrigated land.But its correlation coefficients in the sunny and two-side slop land with MSAVI2was the largest.The estimation models were establish using the best vegetation indices of chlorophyll content at different types of land,parabola model was suitable for irrigated land at getting up to flowering stages;and power model was suitable at milk stage with model r2 and test r2 over 0.88;exponential model was fit for shady,sunny and two-side slope land at setting stage,while parabola model was the best model for the other stages.


This paper presents the design and simulation of a model reference adaptive control system for general aviation, using the Optimal Control Modification (OCM). The controller is based on previous adaptive control research conducted at Wichita State University (WSU) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center. The control system is designed for longitudinal control of a Beech Bonanza given pilot commands of pitch rate and airspeed. Three variations of the OCM adaptation are presented, utilizing 3 different parameterizations of the adaptive signal. The first is called OCM-Linear (OCM-L), where the adaptation output is linearly related to the aircraft states. The second variation is called OCM-Bias (OCM-B), which is only a bias adaptation output. The third is a combination of the previous two methods called OCM-Linear and Bias (OCMLB). The controllers are designed and simulated with a nonlinear aircraft model of the Beech Bonanza.


Iacca, Giovanni Memory-Saving Optimization Algorithms for Systems with Limited Hardware Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2011, 100 p.(+included articles) (Jyvaskyla Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 139) ISBN 978-951-39-4537-4 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4538-1 (PDF) Finnish summary Diss. During the past ten years, there has been a dramatic increase of industrial applications in which some sort of "intelligence" is plugged into embedded systems, such as mobile robots, remote sensors, etc., to perform specific optimization processes (e.g. training/learning tasks) despite the limited hardware resources. These situations can be addressed in different ways, including compact Evolutionary Algorithms (cEAs) and single-solution (population-less) Optimization Algorithms. cEAs save memory using a statistic representation of a population, instead of storing and process an entire population and all its individuals therein, while population-less Optimization Algorithms save memory using a single solution exploring the search space according to some logic. The main drawback of these algorithms is that, since they do not use a population, they are subject to premature convergence, especially when the dimensionality grows. Nevertheless, it is still possible to design very robust and flexible memory-saving algorithms, which guarantee good results despite a low memory footprint. Among cEAs, compact Differential Evolution (cDE) has proven successful for a broad set of problems. This work presents a few novel cDE-based algorithmic structures, aimed at improving the performance of cDE. As an alternative to cDE-based algorithms, a novel promising single-solution Memetic Computing approach, designed having in mind the lex parsimoniae inspired by the Ockham's Razor, is introduced. The main finding of this work is that, for optimization problems plagued by limited hardware, an extremely simple algorithm, if carefully designed, should be preferred to overwhelmingly complicated algorithms having large memory requirements and a high computational overhead.


This study investigates two key aspects of Korean companies. First, we examine the significance of the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and a company's financial performance. Second, we explore the moderating role of company reputation in the link between corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial performance. We use data from Korean companies included in the Forbes Global 2000 list, employing a quantitative methodology and analyzing data from 66 Korean companies between 2017 and 2021. To estimate the relationship between the independent variable (corporate social responsibility disclosure) and the dependent variable (financial performance), we applied multiple regression models, using market value, sales, and net profit as control variables. Our study provides robust evidence of a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and the financial performance of Korean companies. We find that their influence is partially mediated by the company's reputation, which serves as a signal of the firm's ethical and social responsibility practices to stakeholders. Our results suggest that firms with a positive reputation for corporate social responsibility activities are more likely to experience enhanced financial performance, possibly due to increased stakeholder trust and loyalty, improved risk management, and enhanced access to capital.


The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Harris Associates L.P. has highlighted the potential for agency conflicts in mutual funds, whose advisors have the de facto power to award themselves high fees. While the surrounding debate has focused on the extent to which market competition replaces the need for fee litigation, there appears to be a growing consensus that fund governance, through the use of voice, is unlikely to be effective. The use of voice is commonly said to be hampered by collective action problems; more recently, scholars have argued that it is further weakened by the easy availability of exit. Yet while the easy availability of exit may discourage the use of voice, the easy availability of exit may also encourage voice. This paper explains how the easy availability of exit from mutual funds encourages shareholder voice, at least in theory. By analyzing the responsibility of 401(k) plan fiduciaries to prudently select investment options that plan participants can choose from, the paper also explains why mutual fund governance might work in practice.


Selected legal decisions of 1981 Media and the Russian Publicy, Ellen Propper Mickiewicz (New York: Praeger, 1981). Media Power Politics, David L. Paletz and Robert M. Entman (New York: The Free Press, 1981). Politics As Communication, Robert G. Meadow (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1980).


This article thinks that activities of mathematical modeling have basically possessed the conditions of being the filed of science.The key to doing efforts gains more effectical mathematical applied achievements.


: Jesus' teaching th at the praxis of love of neighbour is the means to inherit eternal life therefore is of interest to all, irrespective of their religious or ideological backgrounds, since it deals with a value th a t is shared universally. So the author takes up the parable of the Good Sam aritan and develops a per spective th at affirms this illustration of love of neighbour as a point of convergence of religions, given the presence of and em phasis on love of neighbour in all religions. Then the author traces the love commandment in other religions. The author con cludes th at the followers of different religions do not have to give up or ignore the differences which exist among them. It is possible th at agreeing and working together on this common point of convergence of the love commandments might bring down unwarranted prejudices, promote mutual respect and a sense of camaraderie among them. It can also open up new avenues of understanding and promote closeness on an ongoing basis, thus contributing positively to the climate of dialogue and co-opera tion. Thus the love commandments have a great potential to promote convergence in the encounter of religions.


Summary The McCoy cell line has almost 50 years history. The cells are widely applied in the diagnostics and culture of various microorganisms with medical importance. The cell line is included in laboratory and diagnostic tests which are the basis for study of interactions between various pathogens and host cells leading to cytotoxic damage or cell death. With its importance in experimental and diagnostic laboratories, McCoy cell line is among the most popular cell cultures – HeLa, HEp-2, Vero, CaCo-2, 3T3, MDCK. An alternative for application of McCoy is the serum-free strain McCoy-Plovdiv. It is cultured in completely defined, serum-and protein-free medium. It keeps the properties of the parental line but also offers new opportunities.


Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common presenting feature of underlying malignancy and frequently results in debilitating symptoms. In chemosensitive malignancies, such as lymphoma, small cell lung or ovarian cancers3, chemotherapy is often considered the first line treatment, however if unsuccessful, pleural intervention to achieve fluid control is required. This may include therapeutic thoracentesis, chest drain insertion, thoracoscopy, chemical pleurodesis, and use of an ambulatory indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) or a combination of the above procedures. Our case describes the management of a patient with a refractory MPE secondary to metastatic small cell lung cancer. No consensus exists to guide the management of patients with MPE secondary to chemosensitive disease and a personalised strategy should be adopted. Patients should be informed of all currently available therapeutic options, and further research performed focusing on the effect of these approaches, in combination with palliative chemotherapy, on patient related outcome measures.


In order to solute the problem of aspects conflict in aspect-oriented programming,based on the design by contract,a solution of automatic checking to aspects conflict is proposed after analyzing the existed approach.JML(Java modeling language) is used to annotate contracts for base program and aspect based on design document.Contract checking program is created by contract transformation program,which is compiled with aspect oriented program by compiler,and the object files containing contract checking are created.The conflicts between base program and aspect and the conflicts between aspect and aspect are automatic found at run time.The solution in this paper need not modify aspect oriented application,and need not design new compiler.An example is given to prove the practicability of the solution at the end.


The invention discloses a physical Cell ID (PCI) allocating method and device. The method comprises the following step of reallocating a new PCI to a newly built cell when a PCI value (NIDNcell) of the newly built cell and a PCI value (NIDNbcell) of a neighboring cell with same frequency as that the newly built cell meet a congruence relationship. When the method and device in the invention are adopted, the mutual interference of reference signals of neighboring cells with same frequency as that of the newly built cell due to improper PCI allocation can be known, and can be effectively overcome.


The purpose of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (SDPO) is to prevent a debtor who is in trouble for whatever reason, lacks money, or finds it difficult to obtain credit, from being declared bankrupt. The current Indonesian Bankruptcy Law lacks a debt restructuring mechanism. There need to be improvements to ensure quality, transparency of objectivity and implementation mechanisms, honesty and legal certainty. This study aims to reconstruct the debt restructuring mechanism through the SDPO in the Indonesian Bankruptcy Law to provide legal certainty and benefit for all parties. This research has an Indonesian national scope. This is normative legal research that applies the statute and comparative approaches. Results show that Law Number 37 of 2004 still does not provide a legal framework for an effective corporate reorganization or debt restructuring. This law should be a system created to prepare agreements between creditors and debtors to negotiate based on an analysis of future events. Debtors often fail to postpone their obligation to pay debts not because the debtor did not submit a reconciliation plan, but because an agreement was not reached in the reconciliation process. As Law Number 37 of 2004 does not regulate the form of debt restructuring and company reorganization (including the payment process, payment period, and interest rate reduction) to save the debtor's company, it is still difficult for the debtor's company to pay off its debts.


Abstract It is proved that a finite soluble group of order n has at most (n − 1)/(q − 1) maximal subgroups, where q is the smallest prime divisor of n.


This letter presents a new quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) consisting of two n-core Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) with a tail inductor. The VCOs are used as a single-ended injected injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD). The output of the tail inductor in one ILFD is injected into the injection node in the other ILFD and vice versa. The proposed QVCO has been implemented in the 0.18μm CMOS technology. At the supply voltage of 1.0V, the power consumption is 1.8mW. The free-running frequency is tunable from 4.68GHz to 5.03GHz as the tuning voltage is varied from 0.0V to 1.8V. The measured phase noise is -113.58dBc/Hz at the 1MHz frequency offset from the oscillation frequency of 5.03GHz and the figure of merit (FOM) of the QVCO is -185.06dBc/Hz.


Recently, the unmanned mobile robots have received broad applications, such as industrial and security inspection, disinfection and epidemic prevention, warehousing logistics, agricultural picking, etc. In order to drive autonomously from departure to destination, an unmanned mobile robot mounts different sensors to collect information around it and further understand its surrounding environment based on the perceptions. Here we proposed a method to generate high-resolution depth map for given sparse LiDAR point cloud. Our method fits the point cloud into a 3D curve and projects LiDAR data onto the curve surface, and then we make appropriate interpolations of the curve and finally implement the Delaunay triangulation algorithm to all the data points on the 3D curve. The experimental results show that our approach can effectively improve the resolution of depth maps from sparse LiDAR measurements.


Graphite nanosheets / Titanium dioxide composites (GN/TiO2) were fabricated via sol-gel method which use tetrabutyl titanate as Ti source and different ratio of GN/TiO2 were prepared. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic properties of GN/TiO2 composites were evaluated by using Methyl orange. XRD results indicate that the composites show distinct diffraction peaks of antase-type TiO2 and graphite. TEM results proved the uniform dispersion of TiO2 particles on the nanosheets of GN. The ratio of GN and TiO2 exerted significant influences on the photocatalytic properties of the composites. GN/TiO2 composite with GN and TiO2 ratio of 1:0.15 expressed excellent photocatalytic properties.


The purpose of this panel session is to discuss when to use and the advantages and disadvantages of analytic, simulation, and hybrid simulation/analytic models. Four panelists will speak to open the session and then a general discussion will take place among the panelists and the session attendees.


Every potential service user has had some experience while using a wide variety of interactive services. Therefore, a pre-established concept is carved of what is considered to be a good service when using it. This interferes directly on how the user evaluates the service globally and, consequently, the score that will be given during a test. Being a primarily subjective evaluation, the methodology that estimates the quality of experience requires a method that could translate all this experience into consistent evaluations regarding service acceptance. The objective of this paper is to shape a methodology to estimate the QoE considering the evaluation adjustment of a group of potential users in order to achieve a reference model for future periodic evaluations for a given interactive service. Keywords-Quality of Experience; methodology; usability; command response time; interactive service.


Data collection was carried out by providing research instruments through a questionnaire consisting of 25 statements. The questionnaire was then distributed to 36 students of Informatics Education Study Program, Citra Bangsa University. The results showed that 72.31 % of students are  interested in learning by using Google Classroom. Conversely, 85.89% of students prefer to study using the UCB learning management system (LMS) rather than learn  using Google Classroom. LMS UCB has the advantage of being able to provide students with learning material, quizzes, and exercises. Besides that, students can do assignments directly in LMS, and lecturers can process grades well. Thus, LMS is more recommended than using Google Classroom.


Oobleck has a split personality because the corn starch exists as a solid suspended in liquid water. In 2012, Heinrich Jaeger and colleagues at the University of Chicago discovered why oobleck behaves this way--the water flees the point of impact faster than the starch, leaving the solid particles behind and these jam up, forming a matrix of surprising strength. While based at Princeton University, Matthieu Roche and colleagues probed another property of oobleck--its tendency to break up.


Out of some 750 strains of microorganisms, a potent bacterium for lipase production was isolated from soil and was identified as Chromobacterium viscosum.The bacterium accumulates lipase in culture fluid when grown aerobically at 26°C for 3 days in a medium composed of soluble starch, soy bean meal, lard and inorganic salts.Chromobacterium lipase had an optimum pH of 7.0 for activity at 37°C, and an optimal temperature of 65°C at pH 7.0. The enzyme retained 80% of the activity when heated for 10 min at 70°C. This lipase was capable of hydrolyzing a variety of natural fats and oils, and it was more active on lard and butter than on olive oil. The activity was stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+ and Sn2+. It was not diminished but rather stimulated by a high concentration of bile-salts.


The most effective option for the medical treatment of patients with acromegaly is the use of somatostatin analogues. Long‐acting depot formulations for intramuscular injection of two somatostatin analogues have recently become available: octreotide acetate LAR (Sandostatin® LAR®, Novartis Pharma AG) and lanreotide SR (Somatuline®, Ipsen Biotech). We wished to compare efficacy of octreotide LAR and lanreotide SR in acromegalic patients.


Objective To investigate the effects of perindopril and spironolactone on cardiovascular remodeling and fibrinolysis system in experimental hypertensive rats.Methods The models of hypertensive rat were established by using the method of abdominal aortic coarctation.The 44 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:hypertension model group,perindopril group(hypertensive rats subjected to perindopril,2mg·kg- 1·d- 1),spironolactone group(hypertensive rats receiving spironolactone,20mg · kg- 1· d- 1),sham-operation group(control group),with 11 rats in each group.After 12-week treatment,the cardiac and aortic structure and function of the rats were examined by ultrasonography,meanwhile,aortic morphous was observed,and the levels of plasma tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1) were detected.Results As compared with those in hypertension model group,interventricular septal thickness(IVSTd),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWTd),relative wall thickness(RWT) of left ventricular,left ventricular mass(LVM),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left atrial diameter(LVD) and the thickness of aorta in perindopril group and spironolactone group were significantly decreased(P0.01 or P 0.05); the media thickness of aorta,the ratio of media thickness to diameter of lumen aorta were obviously decreased(P0.01).The plasma levels of PAI-1 in perindopril group and spironolactone group were significantly increased,as compared with those in control group(P0.01),however,there were no significant differences in plasma levels of PAI-1 between the two drug groups and hypertension model group(P0.05).There were no significant differences in t-PA levels among the four groups(P0.05).Conclusion Hypertension can resulte in cardiovascular remodeling and hypofibrinolysis,both perindopril and spironolactone can reverse cardiovascular remodeling,however,they do not have obvious reverse effect on fribrinolysis.


The invention discloses a data processing and mapping method of topographic surveying of electric transmission line tower positions. The data processing and mapping method comprises the following steps of 1) system initial parameter setting; 2) engineering information inputting; 3) engineering data inputting; 4) data processing; 5) data calculation processing; 6) tower base cross section and tower position topography mapping; 7) data storage; 8) result data incidence relation building; and 9) data outputting. The data processing and mapping method realizes the automatic analysis of the tower base cross section and the computer aided design point, the automatic contour line building and the topographic map generation. The data processing and mapping method is generally applicable to the tower position data collection and processing work in the electric surveying design industry, the data structure and the function design have good popularization value, and the mapping work efficiency and the accuracy rate can be respectively and greatly improved in the practical application.


happening in practice. Some critical perspectives are left out of the analytical framework. For example, why are the number of people who participated in the protests not included in the analyses? Intuitively, when the scale of a protest is large, the police will show up. In addition, are there any regional variations in the police's responses? For example, would a protest occurring in Beijing face a stronger police response than the same protest in Guangzhou? It is not very clear what "acknowledgement of regime legitimacy" means in the context of each protest. It might mean the protestors direct their anger at the government or the regime rather than viewing the government as a mediator. Despite these issues, the book is an excellent effort and opens up an important path for further research and debates. This book provides rich information and should be useful for all readers who are interested in Chinese politics, policy and society.


Paper dealt with new approach in field of education at technical universities. Application of Computer Aided Intelligent (CAI) System to teaching process of specific technical subjects (manufacturing technologies) at universities represents significant inivative step in creation of graduate's knowledge. The knowledge systems introduce new type of educational strategy in eLearning system. Paper describes how to obtain certain level of morphogenetic space by use of CAI systems. Morphogenetic space presents the field of creation, keeping and re-using knowledge for development of creative thinking.


In the supplemental material, we provide analysis of our approach for fine-grained frame retrieval (Sec. 1) and different training and evaluation strategies ( e.g . random ini-tialization, single model for all activities, individual models per activity) (Sec. 2- 4). We then present additional ablation studies regarding the hyper-parameters of backbone neural network and the choice of probabilistic distribution for priors (Sec. 5). Subsequently, we provide implementation details of our approach regarding model architecture and hyperparameters (Sec. 6) and visualize the embedding space learned through our approach (Sec. 7). We finally discuss the limitations and broader potential societal impact of our approach (Sec. 8).


The idea of this paper is to touch briefly on the salient points of interest in connection with high-voltage switching practice and if possible to bring out in the discussion the opinions of various engineers interested in this line of work, relative to such points as have not been definitely settled by standard practice as being the best solution of the problem.


In the past, developing countries have faced problems in recruiting and retraining intellectual resources for nutrition education. By now, most developing countries have in place the first of a second-generation cadre of well-educated nutrition scientists who are capable of training nationals in their fields. Many nutrition training programmes are presently run by local personnel. Local cultures and behavioural studies are not always not included in the curriculum, although it is important to include these to enhance the effectiveness of intervention programmes. The need to go beyond descriptive information is evident. The ability to predict changes in malnutrition rates is a skill needed for effective and substantial interventions. Nutritionists from developing countries need to be trained in the basic tools of social science and evaluation research. Developing countries require the cooperation of the developed world to encourage local nutritionists to improve their technological skills. Specific skills can be provided through short courses, workshops, and in-service training. Training also should be coordinated locally, regionally, and nationally. It has been observed that training in nutrition research has not been linked to programme operations. There has been a lack of coordination among nutritionists from the same region, and communities have seldom been involved as partners in training.


An attempt has been made to develop a cost-benefit analysis for a system of two identical units with parallel redundancy. Each unit has direct complete failure from normal operative mode. The system is considered in up-state if at least one unit is operative. There is a single server who takes some time to arrive at the system for doing repair activities. If server unable to repair the failed unit in a pre specific time (called maximum repair time), the unit is replaced by new one with some replacement time. The failure time of the unit and maximum repair time taken by the server are exponentially distributed while the distributions of arrival time of the server, repair and replacement of the unit are taken as arbitrary with different probability density functions. The expressions for various parameters of vital significance have been derived using semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique. The graphical study of the results obtained for a particular case has also been made.


Dyes derived from the biradicalic oxyallyl and cyclopentadienylium were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the characteristics of the prominent low-energy transitions revealed by graphical means. According to theoretical and experimental studies, 4-aminophenyl-substituted dyes absorb intensely at long wavelengths up to the near infrared. If the amino groups are removed the absorption wavelengths are changed little. As found in the previous studies on the squaraine and croconaine oxyallyl dyes, the substituents play only a minor role in the spectral excitation. Charge-transfer-type excitations do not occur between the donor aryl substituents and the central oxyallyl or cyclopentadienylium acceptor group. This behaviour is exceptional since donor–acceptor compounds tend to produce charge-transfer- or polymethine-type electronic transitions. The hitherto rarely used electron density difference (EDD) maps clearly unveiled the spectral excitation features. The spectral excitation of the title compounds is predominantly localized at the oxyallyl and cyclopentadienylium groups, respectively. Characteristics of simple chromophoric compounds and of conventional CT- and polymethine dyes are given for comparison. The biradicaloid character of these dyes is supported by the calculated low singlet–triplet splitting energies. Spin properties were characterized in terms of expectation values of the S2-operator and antiaromatic properties in terms of nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS). According to the ΔES/T and criteria compounds with the acyclic oxyallyl fragment are more biradicaloid. The parent compounds oxyallyl, thioxyallyl and cyclopentadienylium, display extremely large values. These compounds are triplets in the ground state. The absorption wavelengths of selected biradicaloid species were also calculated by the multi-reference SORCI method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We have only afforded the political –not the cultural– aspect of the laicism although Tocqueville clearly supported both aspects. When approaching the religious fact, the author of the work The Democracy in America is not interested in the theological dimension but merely in the social one. The religion plays a stabilization role whether in the day life of each person or in the community life. In fact, its irruption in the public life takes place, when the main causes are analyzed, and, among other points, it is considered necessary to preserve the democratic republic. Its crucial importance was previously suggested when listing the quick list of people which it affects and it is enhanced when it becomes evident that its influence covers both the field of the thinking and the field of the action: this will be analyzed subsequently. Anyway, in our critical consideration, we have focussed not only in the confinement of the women in their homes according to the religious doctrine or in the expulsion of the atheists from the kingdom of the humanity because identified and considered as a devil sons –in the American society, a so religious kingdom– but also in the function of the religion as a counterpoint to the passion of the welfare which can be ruled with a minimum of success.