In a series of studies on the effects of diet on bone healing and growth and tooth development and growth of the albino rat, it was decided to measure the rate of growth of the incisor teeth after the method of Addison and Appleton. 1 The following is a preliminary report. The animals were males of approximately 6 months of age, and weighed between 190 and 300 grams, averaging 243 grams. All the animals on each type of study were kept under as nearly identical conditions as possible. A group of over 200 controls were fed on the standard diet of Smith and Moise. 2 Other groups of 140 animals, were fed on a high-protein diet, on a high-fat diet, on a high-carbohydrate diet. 2 Similar groups were then given the standard diet with the salt mixture varied so as to result in a low-total salt diet in one instance, a (nearly) calcium-free diet in another, and a (nearly) phosphorus-free in a third. These salt mixtures were made according to the method of Osborne and Mendel, 3 and the fundamental dietary values in each case have been accurately determined by these earlier workers. All animals in each group received a similar and adequate quantity of the various vitamines.


PERCEPTUAL LEARNING OF BINOCULAR INTERACTIONS Jingping Xu June 7,2011 This dissertation focuses on the mechanisms and implications of perceptual learning of binocular interactions. Perceptual learning is an important means of adapting to the changing environment, demonstrating the possibility of neural plasticity in adults and providing a powerful approach to investigate dynamic processes in the mature perceptual system. Most studies on perceptual learning have focused on learning mechanisms that target excitatory circuits. However, we recognize that the inhibitory circuits also playa critical role in cortical plasticity, as shown by growing evidence from neurophysiological studies, and that the inhibitory connection is more dynamic than the excitatory connection in adult visual cortex. Thus, our goal is to design a psychophysical method that exploits the contribution of the inhibitory circuits to perceptual learning. This in turn helps us to implement more efficient learning paradigms for visual training. Our study capitalizes on properties of the binocular visual system, a good system for exploring both excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. We first measured local Sensory Eye Dominance (SED) and showed that excessive SED can impede stereopsis ability. To reduce SED, a typical perceptual training paradigm (Push-only protocol) would only


Abstract A knowledge-based computer system has been developed to automatically scan and interpret graphical displays of vibration data taken from strain gauges mounted on the blades of gas turbines performing acceleration tests. The various characteristic lines which appear on these displays are recognised and classified and the lines representing modes of vibration are examined to determine which mode is being excited and the severity of the excitation. All lines are compared, by a "blackboard" technique, against those predicted by the system working from the engine specification, laboratory tests and finite element analyses. Any unexpected features are reported for manual inspection. Several series of tests have now been made on the system. In the first test on 130 diagrams, every one of over 3000 features visible to the human eye was detected and then classified.


The events surrounding the Chernobyl disaster are well known: on the 26 April 1986 at 01:23;40 hours an explosion took place at Block 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power station facility in the Ukraine. The radiation spread far and wide, and has been the subject of numerous reports. In the arena of the public understanding of science and the responsibility of governments towards educating people, the present authors (with R.F. Price) explored a number of issues relating to the British response to the Chernobyl radioactive cloud as it passed over the United Kingdom. Of particular importance in this regard has been the work of the highly respected independent John Gofman and his analysis of the hazards of human exposure to low levels of ionising radiation. The impact of die disaster has a particular significance for the fields of science and technological education, especially for the people of the Ukraine and surrounding countries. In addition, it has strengthened aspects of the discourse surrounding the impact of technology on the environment—especially the discussion of the systemic problems inherent on the reliance of large technological systems and their impact on ecology. The Chernobyl disaster, and many others within the nuclear industry, illustrates the difficulty of ensuring control over safety systems, and the fallibility of staff operating such systems. Of importance here is the effect the disaster has had on the curriculum of schools in the Ukraine. The Ukrainian education system developed through the period of the Soviet Union and it can be broadly classified as highly academic, having a traditional content and purpose. In terms of science education it is demanding from the point of view of scientific content and the level of mathematical skill required. Any discussion


The results of studies of the sorption properties of filtering materials manufactured using technologies satisfying the requirements of world-over novelty are reviewed. Experiments suggest good prospects for plasma-activated carbon materials and composite compounds based on them.


The resources available for health care are scarce. While the demand for health care increases, for instance due to ageing of the population and increasing treatment options, the available budget is limited.
This means that difficult choices need to be made about how to spend these resources optimally. Economic evaluations may guide such choices. They compare the costs and health benefits of alternative interventions and identify which interventions provide most 'value for money'.
Understanding what health 'value' means, is essential for making such comparisons. This thesis contributes to this by investigating one component of health 'value': relative health value.


This study aimed at determining the respiratory hazards among ceramics workers exposed to silica and radon dusts. The environmental studies included measuring of respirable dust, total dust and percent of silica content. Samples from the raw materials used (talc, clay, kaolin, limestone, and feldspar) were collected and tested for activity concentration of 238 U series, 232 Th series and 40 K. This study included 150 male exposed ceramics workers and 80 male individuals as controls. The subjects were subjected to questionnaire sheet; clinical examination; plain chest X-rays; ventilatory function tests and laboratory tests. The results revealed that respiratory symptoms were more frequent among the exposed workers than the control group. There were no statistical significant differences between the two groups as regards FEV1% and FEV1/FVC % while FVC and VC parameters were statistically significant lower among the exposed workers than the control group. The mean percentage of the free silica was (5.2% ± 1.01) and radon progeny level was (5.67 ± 1.97 Pci/L). Tests of Radium ( 226 Ra) series, Thorium ( 232 Th) series and Potassium ( 40 K) in some raw materials showed that Feldspar represented the highest levels compared with the other raw materials. Also, the results revealed that abnormal changes in chest x-rays and decline in ventilatory functions were statistically significant among workers exposed to high free silica (more than 5%) and to radon progeny level (more than 4 Pci/L) than those exposed to free silica (less than 5%) and to radon progeny level (less than 4 Pci/L). [Mokhtar Madkour, Nadia Badawy, Mahmoud Serri, Safia Beshir, Hisham Aziz. Respiratory Health Hazards due to Exposure to Radon and Free Silica Among Egyptian Ceramics Workers. Report and Opinion 2011;3(12):5058]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report


Background: This study focuses on the awareness about temporary contraceptive methods among women in reproductive age group (15-45 years). The temporary contraceptive methods are barrier method, hormonal methods and intrauterine method. The need to study the awareness of temporary contraceptive among women is important to avoid Abortion, MTP and to reduce maternal mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness of temporary contraceptive methods among women within the reproductive age group of 15 to 45 years in the community. Explore women's understanding, interpretations of contraceptives. Suggestions to improve Birth control and enhance maternal, child health programmes.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study (samples were drawn from relevant population and studied once) conducted among the outpatients visiting the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. The study was conducted from 15th April 2019 to 14th July 2019 using pretested questionnaire by interview method.Results: The study shows 72% of women were aware of condoms and 92% of women were aware about sterilization method. 38% of the women who participated in the study belonged to the age group (36-45) and maximum usage of temporary contraceptives was found among this age group. We observe 56% of the women were aware that these contraceptives can be obtained at the government hospitals and 7% of the women were not aware where to get these services. 48% of the women got information about contraceptives from health personnel.Conclusions: The success of family planning programs can only be achieved by increasing the awareness of various contraceptives available. It is necessary that supplies of contraceptives are accessible, available and affordable to the general public with ease. Awareness can be improved by expanding health care facilities to peripheral areas.


The study was conducted during 2006–07 to 2007–08 at Karnal (Haryana), to identify suitable genotypes of garlic for cultivation. The results revealed that a wide range of variability was recorded for gross yield, marketable yield, weight of 50 cloves, number of cloves per bulb, plant height and clove size index. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were high for weight of 50 cloves, number of cloves per bulbs, marketable yield and clove size index. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 43.9 to 95.0%. High value of heritability was recorded for plant height followed by cloves per bulb, leaves per plant, weight of 50 cloves, weight of 20 bulbs, marketable yield, bulb size index, and neck thickness. A high estimate of genetic advance was showed by cloves per bulb followed by weight of 50 cloves, marketable yield and weight of 20 bulbs. High values of heritability, GCV and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for cloves per bulb, weight of 50 cloves, marketable yield, and weight of 20 bulbs. The analysis of variance revealed significant divergence among the thirty two garlic advance lines for different traits, indicating sufficient genetic diversity among the cultivars. The cluster-VII had highest value of plant height (109.11 cm), gross yield (239.19 q ha-1) and minimum stemphylium intensity (2.08%). Cluster VI was promising for leaves per plant (9.51), bulb size index (15.88 cm2), weight of 20 bulbs (0.696 g) and marketable yield (159.05 q/ha). Cluster X was observed to be promising for bulb diameter (4.63 cm), clove diameter (1.33 cm), clove size index (3.58 cm2) and weight of 50 cloves (85.0 g). Therefore, it is suggested that selection of genotypes based upon the large cluster distances from all the clusters may lead to broad spectrum favorable genetic variability for bulb yield improvement.


A local, second-order (truncated) approximation is applied to the Hubbard model in three dimensions. Lowering the temperature, at half-filling, the paramagnetic ground state becomes unstable towards the formation of a commensurate spin-density-wave (SDW) state (antiferromagnetism) and sufficiently far away from half-filling towards the formation of incommensurate SDW states. The incommensurate-ordering wave vector does not deviate much from the commensurate one, which is in accordance with the experimental data for the SDW in chromium alloys. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Thailand has been gone closer an ageing society since 2005, as the number of citizens  aged 60 or older has steadily risen. The government supports the elderly to gain knowledge and access to news and media. According to the communication technology development. Social Media is one among many forms of technology that growing steadily.  Trend of older people using Facebook to communicate, learn, and share is increased. The researcher required to learn about the content and communication patterns on elderly fan pages in order to enhance the quality of  fan pages. The objectives of this research are to identify the varieties of contents on fan pages generated  by Pages admin (Manager or Content Creator)  and to analyse communication patterns on elderly Fan Pages. Purposive  sampling was used. To analyst the contents produced, 4 fan pages namely "@Oldbutnotchicken", @thaigri,  @elderenergy, @GenOldThaiPBS are used to investigate for data collection. The research findings from content analysis show that the Pages admin generated contents which are classifies into  6  areas  namely, health, exercise, psychology and mental health, activities,  learning skill, and elderly law. In the  point of view of socialization, there are intellectual, spiritual and behavioral. Furthermore, communication patterns of all fan pages uses verbal communication as such infographic, video, YouTube, and live video to share content on the page as well. However, lack of engagement from the audience. Facebook fan page is mass communication in a new media format to encourage elderly to learn and prepare themselves for self-development. Pages admin must be aware of  the varieties of content that related to audience needs and the two-way communication patterns. Research results will be a guideline for improving the content and communication patterns on the Elder Facebook fan pages as an effective learning source for elderly lifelong learning.


Performance of OFDM-based quintuple-play service provisioning in long-reach PONs using direct and external modulation is evaluated experimentally. Adequate system design is shown as effective solution to reach 125 km with both modulation schemes.


A new method was presented to deal with chromatography weak signals .Chart adding method and wavelet technology were applied to improve the SNR .The signals which can only be qualitatively analyzed now can be quantitatively analyzed by using proposed method. In the present work the method was applied to capillary electrophoresis signals of p-aminobenzoic acid, the result was satisfied that the SNR was improved from 3 to 11.


The effect of iodate (IO3−), metavanadata (VO3−) and molybdate (MoO42−) anions on the passivation of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions was studied using open‐circuit potential measurements, polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The alloy surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that an optimum concentration of the passivator is essential for the corrosion inhibition process. Above this concentration the rate of alloy corrosion decreases as the concentration of the passivating ion increases. Scanning electron micrographs have shown that the flawed regions present in the alloy surface were repaired in the presence of the passivator anion. The optimum concentration of each anion and its corrosion inhibition efficiency for titanium and Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy have been determined. It turned out that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of IO3−, VO3− and MoO42− anions for the corrosion of Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V in both hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solutions exceed 98%.


A turbojet thrust reverser includes two doors each displace able between an open position and a closed position of the reverser by at least one respective control actuator. Two electric motors drive the control actuators for the doors; each motor being controlled by an electronic control unit con nected to a full authority digital engine control. Two servo control devices control the displacement of the doors as a function of determined position references. The servo-con trol devices enable the doors to be displaced synchronously as a function of any variation in the forces exerted on the reverser and as a function of any force difference between the two doors.


Abstract : This report is a summary of an investigation to determine the incident power density which a resonant slot array can handle without causing permanent structural damage. The effect of altitude, varying the slot width, and also encasing the element in dielectric was measured for several different types of reactively loaded slots as well as circular slots. The effect of varying the element-to-element spacing in the array is explained. The significance of this research to the Air Force is that it provides guidelines for the design of periodic slotted surfaces as used in metallic radomes, subreflectors for cassegrain antennas, and space filters in general.


The search for eco-friendly means of transportation is significantly increasing, causing the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) to skyrocket. However, the main limitation that is slowing down the adoption of electric vehicles is range anxiety, where users are discouraged to drive an electric vehicle (EV) due to fear of running out of charge mid-trip. This revealed the need for implementing better EV charging solutions including dynamic wireless charging systems. Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) exploits wireless power transfer (WPT) to deliver electrical energy from the grid to the EV while in motion, via wireless charging lanes (WCL) placed on the roads. In addition to reducing range anxiety, DWC also eliminates the need for charging downtime. However, expensive infrastructure is needed to deploy the necessary hardware needed for DWC, which explains the need for optimizing the deployment locations of the charging lanes along with the corresponding lane lengths and charging power levels. In this work, the objective of the deployment optimization framework is to minimize the total system costs. The optimization framework is formulated based on traffic simulation data for the city of Sharjah. The problem is then solved using the metaheuristic genetic algorithm to provide recommendations on the most suitable locations to deploy the charging lanes within the traffic map under consideration.


This article presents the theoretical background I have used to carry out a current research project conducted at a private school. The need to bridge the gap between the traditional teaching practices of writing with a socio-critical dimension of this skill, the intention of exploring a group of children's social views, and the aim of contributing to children's language learning, have been prior reasons for developing and constructing a writing center named The River of Life, which is dedicated to providing students with a sensitive environment where they write narratives based on their life experiences. It is after writing and exploring these narratives that students are encouraged to manifest their voices, bearing in mind the social component and implications of the facts that surround them, and, hopefully, give account of their decisions and life stories in order to foster their writing as social practice when assuming a critical view of the world around them.


Wall slip of sewage sludge and possible slip in fluencing factors are studied experimentally by using a rotational rheometer with parallel plate fixtures and by high speed camera.The technique involves placing a straight line marker to monitor wall slip,checking the gap dependence of the stress-strain data and studying the time-stress data trend of strain stepped scanning.In the shearing flow it is found that,for sewage sludge of water content 80%,as the strain amplitude increases,the stress data starte to diverge at a certain strain amplitude,indicating that wall slip occurs.Meanwhile,it has been utilized for studying the critical shear stress and calculating the slip velocity,and the formulation of shear stress and slip velocity are fitted.But for sewage sludge of water content 90%,these curves are superimpose,indicating no slip occurs.While scanned sewage sludge water content 80% at different shear rates in 5 s and 60 s,it is found that under 5 s and 60 s,when the shear rate is greater than 10 s-1 and 0.5 s-1 respectively,peak appeas in time-stress curves,i.e.slip occurs.Therefore,concentration,shear rate and time have influence on wall slip.


The beginning of this year was characterized by a slow increase in consumer prices, stability in the forex market, and continuing monetary policy easing. However, the situation has changed dramatically as a result of the impact on the economy of two major interconnected shocks: a slowdown in the global economy triggered by the historically unprecedented coronavirus pandemic and a dramatic plunge of oil prices. In response to the ruble weakening in March, the Bank of Russia launched a package of measures designed to ensure financial sustainability decided to maintain its key rate at 6%.


Sulfonylureas are associated with risk for hypoglycemia, but how this risk is affected by kidney function and type of sulfonylurea used is unknown. In


Marginal structural models for time‐fixed treatments fit using inverse‐probability weighted estimating equations are increasingly popular. Nonetheless, the resulting effect estimates are subject to finite‐sample bias when data are sparse, as is typical for large‐sample procedures. Here we propose a semi‐Bayes estimation approach which penalizes or shrinks the estimated model parameters to improve finite‐sample performance. This approach uses simple symmetric data‐augmentation priors. Limited simulation experiments indicate that the proposed approach reduces finite‐sample bias and improves confidence‐interval coverage when the true values lie within the central "hill" of the prior distribution. We illustrate the approach with data from a nonexperimental study of HIV treatments.


This review focuses on the characteristics of micro bubbles that give them therapeutic properties and s ome important aspects of ultrasound parameters that are known to i fluence microbubbles-mediated drug delivery. In a ddition, current studies involving this novel therapeutic ap plication of microbubbles will be discussed the mic robubbles as drug carriers have an average size less than that o f red blood cells .They are capable of penetrating even into the small blood capillaries and releasing drug and gene s under the action of ultrasound field. Targeting l igands are attached to the surface of the microbubbles (i.e. t argeted-microbubbles). Microbubbles dispersion meth od was investigated to improve oxygen transfer at low agit ation rates and thus reduce power consumption and s hear stress on the microorganisms. Myocardial contrast echocard iog aphy is rapidly becoming a technique that can b e utilized with intravenous with intravenous Microbubbles to d etect myocardial perfusion abnormalities during str ess echocardiography. Microbubbles destruction has been proposed as an innovative method for noninvasive d elivering of drugs and genes to different tissues. Convention al flotation assisted with microbubbles (30–100 μm) finds application in the recovery of fine mineral particl es (b13 μm) and flotation with these fine bubbles is being u sed as a solid/liquid separation to remove pollutants. Micro bubble having boost utilization in formation of bio fuel.Thus microbubbles having various applications in various fields. Key-Words: Imaging, Ultrasound Introduction Microbubbles are small gas-filled microspheres that have specific acoustic properties that make them us eful as a contrast agent in ultrasound imaging. Firstgeneration microbubbles are room air microspheres These microbubbles are capable of passing the pulmonary capillary bed, but cannot res ist arterial pressure gradients. To increase stability of microbubbles further, second-generation contrast agents are filled with a heavy-molecular-weight gas like e.g. sulphur hexafluoride, which decreases solubility, thus improving survival and stability u nder higher pressure. Surfactants, sonicated albumin and (phospho) lipids are used to improve stabilization of the shell The hydrogel network forms around the liposomes, protecting them from surrounding inflammatory cells and preserving their close proxi mity to co-suspended microbubbles, which might otherwise separate from them due to their different buoyancy. Colloidal bubbles (microbubbles) are emerging as important contrast agents for imaging and carriers fo targeted drug delivery . * Corresponding Author Email:email@example.com , firstname.lastname@example.com Microbubbles are gas-filled lipid monolayers that h ve been used extensively as ultrasound contrast agents and recently as drug delivery vehicles 3, 4. These agents can improve accuracy and imaging contrast for targeted sites of interest during ultrasound imaging. In the last 10 years, several site-targeted microbubbles have b een developed, and have been used for molecular and cellular imaging in vitro and in vivo 5,6 as well as for ultrasound-assisted drug/gene delivery and triggere d release. . This review focuses on the characteristics of microbubbles that give them therapeutic properties and some important aspects of ultrasound parameters tha t are known to influence microbubble-mediated drug delivery .In addition, current studies involving th is novel therapeutical application of microbubbles wil l be discussed (Jeane M Tsutsui et al., 2004).Recently, targeting ligands are attached to the surface of th e microbubbles (i.e. targeted-microbubbles), which ha ve been widely used in cardiovascular system and tumor diagnosis and therapy. In this paper, the characterization of novel targeted ultrasonic contr ast agents or microbubbles and their potential applicat ions in drug delivery or gene therapy are reviewed (Yiya o Liua, b, c, et al.,2006).With the continuous development of molecular biology, gene therapy for liver cancer has become a research hotspot and Review Article [Maske et al., 3(12): Dec., 2012] CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126 Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 12: December: 2012, 2228-2235 2229 direction studies have shown that ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction is a safe ,effective, noninvasive, and physical gene transfection technology , which brings a new hope for gene therapy in liver cancer Flotation with microbubbles(30–100 μm) is the most utilized process removing a number of pollutants, among others, colloids, fines and ultra fines particles, precipitates, ions, micro organisms , pr oteins, dispersed and emulsified oils in water (Rubioet al. , 2002a,b; Ross et al., 2003; Carissimi and Rubio,200 5a; Matis and Lazaridis, 2002).Stability is enhanced by producing MBs using heavier than air gasses 12 with fluorocarbon gassessuch as octafluoropentane and ndecafluorobutane amongst those used most commonly. The primary medical use for MBs (only approved medical use in many countries) is as contrast agent s for ultrasonic imaging. Advantages On top of the strengths of echocardiography, contr astenhanced ultrasound adds these additional advantage s: 13 • The body is 73% water and, therefore, acoustically homogeneous. Blood and surrounding tissues have similar echogenicities, so it is difficult to clearly discern the degree of blood flow and perfusion, or the interface between tissue and blood, using traditional ultrasound. • Ultrasound imaging allows real-time evaluations of blood flow. • Ultrasonic molecular imaging is safer than molecular imaging modalities, such as radionuclide imaging, because it does not involve radiation. • Alternative molecular imaging modalities, such as MRI, PET, and SPECT are very costly. Ultrasound, on the other hand, is very cost-efficient and widely available. • Since microbubbles can generate such strong signals, a lower intravenous dosage is needed. Micrograms of microbubbles are needed to perform contrast-enhanced ultrasounds compared to milligrams for other molecular imaging modalities, such as MRI contrast agents. • Targeting strategies for microbubbles are versatile and modular. Targeting a new area only entails conjugating a new ligand. • Targeting ligands can be immunogenic, since current targeting ligands used in preclinical experiments are derived from animal culture. Ultrasound contrast agents can be used to improve imaging by introducing a material with different acoustic properties from that of tissues 14 • It provides high spatialresolution in the range of 3 mm. Its minimal invasivenessresults from the very high frequency of ultrasound used,which does not generally cause damage or disturbance tothe cells imaging, thus aiding in the Disadvantages Contrast-enhanced ultrasound suffers from the following disadvantages: • Microbubbles don't last very long in circulation. They have low circulation residence times because they either get taken up by immune system cells or get taken up by the liver or spleen, even when they are coated with PEG. • Ultrasound produces more heat as the frequency increases, so ultrasonic frequency must be carefully monitored. • Microbubbles burst at low ultrasound frequencies and at high mechanical indices, which is the measure of the acoustic power output of the ultrasound imaging system. Increasing MI increases image quality, but there are tradeoffs with microbubble destruction. Microbubble destruction could cause local microvasculature ruptures and hemolysis. Advantages and disadvantages of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in trauma Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)CEUS does not harm the patients because it la c ks ionizing radiation and because the contrast agen t is n ot nephrotoxic. The microbubbles are decomposed in t he liver and the gas is exhaled through the lungs. CEU S can easily be performed in the emergency room, th e i ntensive care unit andeven in the operating room. W ith one bolus, it visualizes arterial, portal venous an d paren chymal phases. However, in the severe injured patie nt, CEUS cannot be used as admission imaging modality, because it does not visualize sufficiently retroper itonea l structures and is useless for detection of fractu res. Th e ideal patients groups in the trauma setting are t herefor e 16 patients with isolated parenchymal trauma 17 patient s who cannot undergo computedtomograph y for injury evaluation for several reasons and 18 patients in follow‐ up after trauma. Ultrasonic Microbubbles Medical ultrasound is now a well-established techni que for clinical diagnostics and will continue to play an important role in the foreseeable future . Ultrasound images however do not have a very sharp contrast an d Review Article [Maske et al., 3(12): Dec., 2012] CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126 Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 12: December: 2012, 2228-2235 2230 sometimes the area being imaged is buried and shoed by tissues . This problem can be resolved in part by using ultrasound contrast agents when imaging .Gas bubbles have an added advantage when being considered as ultrasound contrast agent because the y can act as harmonic oscillators and resonate when insonated at their resonant frequency.The microbubb les which mostly contain oxygen or air can remain suspended in water for an extended period. Graduall y, the gas within the microbubbles dissolves in to the water and the bubbles disappear. It is well known t hat air or gas microbubbles suspended in a liquid are exceptionally efficient ultrasound reflectors for echography Microbubbles is useful as ultrasonic contrast agents. For example, injecting suspensions of gas microbubbles (0.5-10μm in diameter) in a carrie r liquid in to the blood stream will strongly reinfor ce ultrasonic echography visualization of internal org ans for the detection of cardiovascular and other diseases Microbubbles have a high degree of echogenicity, which


The phase compositions of undoped and europium-doped zirconia samples, obtained by precipitation and thermal treatment from 350 to 1,000 C, have been investigated by powder X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The low-temperature stabilization of tetragonal zirconia is mainly controlled by the presence of anion additives, such as ammonium chloride. The influences of the crystallite size is less important. Cathodoluminescence spectra show a structural similarity between tetragonal and amorphous zirconia.


The problem of quantile selection for the asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of location and scale parameters is considered. The asymptotic properties of several quantile selection methods for simultaneous parameter estimation are derived and simple approximate solutions are provided. A robust scheme for quantile selection is also developed.


Feature selection is one of important problems in text categorization,machine learning and pattern recognition.In particular,with the rapid development of network and cloud computing,the massive data analysis methods are vitally important.Feature selection can reduce high dimension data′s feature dimension under the condition of ensuring data integrity and classification accuracy.Previously proposed feature selection method based on TongYiCi CiLin can effectively avoid the eigenvalue repetitive in concept,but they did′t consider about that subset composed by the optimal weight of feature vectors may not the best one.To solve this problem,this article combine the TongYiCi and Genetic Algorithm,proposed a text feature selection method based on TongYiCi CiLin.The experiment results show that the method can reduce feature vector′s dimension and improve the efficiency of feature selection.


Li1+x(Ni1/2Mn1/2)1-xO2 was prepared by co-precipitation and calcination technique. The compounds had a layered rock-salt structure with R3m symmetry, and the degree of non-stoichiometry x was an important factor for the structural and magnetic properties. The degree of cationic ordering was improved with an increase in x and simultaneously, the ferrimagnetic characters were reduced. That is, the magnetic interaction network is converted from three-dimensional to two-dimensional ones, and is restricted within each c-plane. Hence, the long range magnetic correlation as well as the local magnetic interaction is weakened. The spontaneous magnetization was evaluated using a ferrimagnetic cluster model. As the degree of non-stoichiometry was increased, the cluster density was reduced, and it resulted in the lowering in the spontaneous magnetization at low temperature.


. Concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs and prestressed by both internal and external tendons have emerged as one of the promising bridge forms. In view of the different behaviour of components and the large shear deformation of webs with negligible flexural stiffness, the assumption that plane sections remain plane may no longer be valid, and therefore the classical Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models may not be applicable. In the design of this type of bridges, both the ultimate load and ductility should be examined, which requires the estimation of full-range behaviour. An analytical sandwich beam model and its corresponding beam finite element model for geometric and material nonlinear analysis are developed for this type of bridges considering the diaphragm effects. Different rotations are assigned to the flanges and corrugated steel webs to describe the displacements. The model accounts for the interaction between the axial and flexural deformations of the beam, and uses the actual stress-strain curves of materials considering their stress path-dependence. With a nonlinear kinematical theory, complete description of the nonlinear interaction between the external tendons and the beam is obtained. The numerical model proposed is verified by experiments.


One of the significant problems in our society is the handling and processing of the vast amount of waste produced by households and industrial processes. Nowadays, packaging material regulations are constantly changing, which can significantly impact the quality of municipal waste, requiring the continuous development and redesign of waste processing plants. Since only a few uncertain measurements (composition, mass, etc.) are available for this task, analysing and redesigning waste processing technologies is challenging. This research aims to develop a modelling and simulation concept that can integrate all the available information and can also handle the uncertainty of the measurements. The proposed modular modelling framework can serve as a basis for designing and redesigning the technologies needed to process ever-changing municipal waste. The most important steps of the framework are as follows: identifying the typical equipment, these are the elements; building models of the elements; determining the characteristic parameters of the equipment; exploring the possible relationships between the elements. For example, the information needed to define the model parameters can be gathered from measurements, industrial experience, and expert knowledge. In many cases, the data obtained represent ranges. The stationary model framework applies efficiency factors and divides the solids into substreams based on expert knowledge. Furthermore, a modular simulator framework was developed to simulate the technological schemes with various connections. The specifications for all widely used waste industrial equipment (shredders, air separators, sieves, magnetic-, eddy current-, optical-, and ballistic separators) were used to construct the developed simulator. This simulator can open new opportunities for the design of waste sorting technological networks. The model was calibrated based on expertise gained from operating the studied technology. The changes in the material parameters can be considered, and the modular simulator can lead to flexible waste sorting technologies capable of adapting to governmental and environmental regulations changes. The main result of the work is that a methodology for designing a modular simulator, model development, and a validation method has been proposed, which provides the possibility to deal with uncertainty. All this is successfully presented through the analysis of an operating waste separation system.


In this paper, the transmission of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal over channel with time varying frequency has been considered, selective fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Due to channel dispersion, intersymbol and intercarrier Interference will occur at the receiver. To reduce this interference, a guard time is added as a cyclic prefix (CP), or trailing zeros (TZ). This paper presented a novel combination of two previous guard time, named TZCP. Also the system performance for CP, TZ and TZCP guard time has been simulated and implemented over slow fading and HF channel and has shown better performance obtained in both channels for TZCP gaurdtime. Keywords-component; OFDM; TZCP; TZ; TZ; HF channel; fading channel


The time-resolved fluorescence of individual distyrylbenzene aggregates is studied in order to determine the effects of aggregate morphology on the emission properties. Using a confocal microscope and a photoncounting streak camera, we measure the full time and wavelength dependence of the fluorescence from individual submicron aggregates at the temperatures 290, 100, and 4 K. The morphology of these aggregates is characterized separately using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. All aggregates show temperaturedependent fluorescence decays and spectral shifting, most likely due to activated energy transfer to lower energy sites which correspond to spectrally distinct species. We find significant aggregate-to-aggregate variations in the fluorescence spectra and decays, but the amount of variation depends on preparation conditions: solvent-annealed aggregates have a more uniform appearance and less variation in their spectral properties. To analyze the data, we model the dynamics in terms of two coupled states, which correspond to the intrinsic exciton in solid DSB and a lower energy defect. Even this simple model requires additional assumptions, but it allows us to extract spectra corresponding to both species, and generate histograms of the two different decay rates. Variations in the decay rates are ascribed to variations in the concentration of quenching defects between individual aggregates.


There has a been great deal of discussion ongoing in the United Arab Emirates to look for sustainable forms of energy. As one of the leading countries in production of greenhouse gas it has become essential for the nation to look for alternative sources of energy. Abu Dhabi is establishing its first nuclear power station in the near future so it is also important to look at the adverse effect of this energy source and try to control the potential hazard related to it. Air quality issue improvement and nuclear waste disposal are two main issues related to nuclear power station. This paper will focus on the role of nuclear power to attain the 2030 vision of Abu Dhabi and how nuclear power can also help to improve the air quality of this region.


This article outlines the applications and uses of the eclipse interactive ground modelling system marketed by ground modelling systems Ltd (formerly eclipse associates Ltd) of milton keynes, England. Computer aided design systems of this type greatly improve the design process and productivity of local authorities involved in highway design. The eclipse system is designed to work around a single database which meets the combined needs of civil engineers, surveyors, cartographers, architects, estate developers and road designers. A comprehensive set of modules covers: (1) control and detail surveys; (2) contouring; (3) volumetric analysis; (4) long sections and cross sections; (5) surface and foul water drainage; (6) horizontal and vertical road design; (7) setting out; (8) 3D visualisation; (9) land packaging; (10) multi strata modelling; (11) draughting; (12) building layout. Eclipse was originally implemented on minicomputers, but in 1986 it was transferred to low cost, standard desktop computers such as wang, IBM and ibm-compatible pcs, thus reducing system starting costs from 26000 to about 6000. The article gives several illustrations of how eclipse works in practice, and discusses its use by devon county council and other local authorities.


The steam boilers used in thermal stations and hotels generate condensed return water, Due to the corrosion caused by carbon dioxide, the return water turns red and can not be reused. The solution to this problem is adding neutralizing amine to the steam to raise the pH level of the condensed water. This solution effectively raises the waterrecovery rate and brings significant economic benefits.


A scheme for special features of a multi-mode real-time signal processing system of high-speed diving SAR is proposed.First,the application background and various working models are introduced,and the imaging algorithm for concerned system is illustrated.On this basis,an architecture which can execute both single-channel multi-subimage scan SAR processing and three-channel monopulse processing is designed,and the key innovative technologies such as original data stream,efficient data sharing method,fast mode switching means and low-power function are described in detail.Finally,the flight experiment results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed system.


In the article the public hazard of financing of terrorism and essence of tasks on countering this type of crimes are explored. The meaning of concept "description of criminology" of criminality was researched, as well as certain kinds of crimes and separate offences. Theoretical analysis was also performed, and constituents of the concept were defined. Due to the distinguished structural elements, its meaning and value for prevention of financing of terrorism were revealed. Conclusion was made that criminological description is the stem of research of financing of terrorism and base for development and realization of preventive measures for effective counteraction to this type of crimes.


Grants management system in Romania is a complex one, requiring a large amount of resources and regulations, but also flexible procedures for planning, evaluation, contracting, monitoring, control and audit. Risk management is also a key issue as the authorities have the mission to efficiently use the public resources. The current risk procedures used in the public sector in Romania proved to be only theoretical and need improvement, including consideration, analysis and action regarding the public procurement related risks. Almost yearly legislative modifications lead to new major risks, which impacted with financial correction established by the EU to Romania.


This paper is designed to describe and encourage the appropriate use of magic tricks in psychotherapy with children. Magic can be used to advance a variety of therapeutic goals including developing rapport, building motivation for treatment, and reinforcing behavior change. Magic can also be successfully employed as a means of introducing positive effect, developing social skills, enhancing fine motor skills, and increasing attention span. Magic is also well suited for use in object lessons and as an aid in mutual story telling. Included is a discussion of these various uses of magic in psychotherapy with children. A number of simple magic tricks are described, tricks which can be efficiently mastered by most children (and therapists).


For accurate electroencephalogram-based (EEG) localization of neural sources correct modeling of brain lesions geometry and tissue conductivity is required. Lesion properties are derived from anatomical images like CT or MRI. According to imaging modality, lesion can appear of different size and shape. Conductivity parameters are taken from standard references, despite the large variability in the available data. The uncertainties in lesion conductivity assignment (LCA) and in determining exact lesion geometry affect source localization accuracy. The aim of this paper is to quantify the combined effect of these uncertainties on EEG dipole source localization accuracy. The study was conducted using an eccentric-spheres model of the head in which a modifiable eccentric bubble approximated various brain lesions. In 32 simulated pathological conditions the inverse dipole fitting procedure was carried out assuming an incorrect (under/overestimate) lesion dimension and conductivity. Errors in lesion modeling led to markedly wrong source reconstruction even for small differences between the actual lesion and its model. Localization errors up to 15.4 mm demonstrate the requirement of an accurate parametric setting of the model to achieve localization accuracy within few millimeters.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of narrow band ultraviolet B ( NB VUB)and its influence on the expression of IL23/Th17 axis in peripheral blood of patients with Psoriasis vulgaris,and to further explore the mechanism of action of NB UVB.Methods Forty - eight cases of Psoriasis vulgaris were treated with NB-UVB irradiation for 20 times,the therapeutic effect was evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores.Peripheral blood was obtained from normal healthy controls and patients with Psoriasis vulgaris before and after NB-UVB irradiation.Three color flow cytometry was carried out to quantify Thl7 cells,and ELISA was used to examine the levels of serum IL17 and IL23.Results The mean PASI scores were significantly decreased after treatment with NB UVB irradiation[ (8.12±4.05)score vs (3.98±2.03) score,P<0.01 ].Levels of Th17[ (2.78 ± 1.93)% vs (0.98±0.56)% ],IL-17[ (23.85±7.98) pg/ml vs (6.53±4.26) pg/ml] and IL-23 [ (29.73 ± 12.08)pg/ml vs ( 16.73±8.91 )pg/ml] were significantly higher in patients with Psoriasis vulgaris than that in healthy controls ( P <0.01 ).After treatment with NB-UVB irradiation,levels of Th17 [ ( 1.13 ± 0.51 ) % ],IL-17 [ ( 8.03±5.01 )pg/ml ],and IL-23 [ ( 17.03 ± 9.85 )pg/ml ] were significantly decreased than before ( P < 0.01 ),and were positively correlated with PASI ( P <0.05).Conclusions NB-UVB may affect IL23/IL17 to achieve its therapeutic effect on patients with Psoriasis vulgaris.

Key words:
Psoriasis/therapy; Ultraviolet therapy; Th17 cells/immunology; Interleukin-23/immunology


To investigate the potential cytotoxicity of copper(II)-based complexes, three coordination compounds with heterocyclic ligands, Cu(pbmbt)Cl2(CH3OH) (1), Cu2(ddbib)2(NO3)4·3CH3OH (2), and Cu3(ttmtmb)2Cl6·2.5H2O (3), which include mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear structures, have been synthesized from reactions of corresponding copper(II) salts with 1-((2-pyrazinyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzotriazole (pbmbt), 2-(2,3-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-1-((4-((2-(2,3-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (ddbib), and 1,1′,1′′-((2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene)tris(2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole) (ttmtmb), respectively. IC50 values revealed that 2 and 3 show strong cytotoxicity, whereas 1 is weakly cytotoxic after being tested against a panel of several human alimentary system carcinoma cell lines (SGC7901, EC109, SMMC7721, and HT29). The number of copper centers and different structures could make a tremendous difference on their cytotoxicity. Graphical Abstract Three coordination compounds with heterocyclic ligands were constructed to investigate the potential cytotoxicity of copper(II)-based complexes. IC50 values revealed that complexes 2 and 3 show strong cytotoxicity, whereas complex 1 is weakly cytotoxic after being tested by MTT assay against a panel of several human alimentary system carcinoma cell lines.


Let 0 ≤ 𝑞 ≤ 1 and N denotes the set of all positive integers. In this paper we will be interested in the family 𝒰 ( 𝑥 𝑞 ) of all regularly distributed set 𝑋 ⊂ N whose ratio block sequence is asymptotically distributed with distribution function 𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑞 ; 𝑥 ∈ (0 , 1] , and we will study the structure of this family with respect to the union.


Purpose – To provide a critique of Belbin's team role theory, including the provision of a re‐definition of the concept of team role and an adequate framework for relating personality to team roles. The re‐defined concept of team roles has a significant social dimension that relates it to the roles people habitually play in teams, the autonomy provided by such roles and their commitment to them. It also advocates the use of the "Big Five" model for describing individual personality differences and relating them to team role behaviour.Design/methodology/approach – A revised model of team role behaviour is described, along with a brief account of the "Big Five" model of personality, and findings are presented that relate team role behaviour to three sets of variables, namely, personality, team role expectations and team role orientation, including autonomy and commitment.Findings – Team role behaviour is described using both self‐assessments and aggregated assessments by others derived from instruments usin...


In Part One the author first describes the psychiatrist's role and patterns of practice and then leads into a similar description for the related professions of nursing, social work, psychology, occupational therapy and others. The chapter on Rehabilitation clearly defines the concept and theoretical premises assumed in such programmes and includes an excellent description of various types of transitional facilities. Treatment of the aged patient, legal aspects of psychiatry, medical records, volunteer programmes and medical ethics are covered in separate chapters. A short but most enlightening presentation of the private practice of psychiatry deals with the kinds of patients who may be treated, how to get started in practice, its economic aspects and how to establish good professional public relations.


This study was conducted in four agricultural universities in Pakistan, during 2011 with the objectives to study the views of agriculture extension enrolled students about the teaching methods and learning environment in the universities, assignments and practical work of agricultural extension curricula and the evaluation system. Data on different aspects of the curricula were collected from 142 (80%) purposively selected respondents through mailed questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that 71% respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that the teachers clearly explain purpose of program/lesson and chi-square value implies for the rejection of null hypothesis. The study also pointed that 95% respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that the teachers' presentations are understandable. The study also shows that 82% respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that the teachers allow questions from participants. The study further revealed that 86% and 70% respondent either strongly agreed or agreed that the assignments were relevant and valuable and number of assignments was appropriate respectively and leads to the rejection of null hypothesis. Regarding the evaluation system 74% and 56% respondents either strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that the methods of assessment were appropriate and the instructors returned the marked/graded scripts in a timely manner respectively and hence reject the null hypothesis. The study also revealed that 93% respondents either strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that the examinations and tests covered material presented in the course and implies for the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study as a whole concludes that in percentage term majority of the respondents were agreed in favor of the statement but rejected by the chi- square test of significant. The study recommends more improvement in the teaching learning process in the universities couple with emphases on the practical and laboratory work and more effective evaluation system.


While many readers and critics consider Gustave Flaubert's Sentimental Education his finest piece of fiction, it is also frequently cited and used as an historical document.1 The novel was written during the last years of Napoleon Hi's Second French Empire, published in 1 869, and its story is set in the 1840s. The last part specifically draws in the events of the revolution of 1848 and the Second Republic (1848-51) which Louis-Napoleon's coup d'etat of 1851 overthrew. Flaubert suggested he had written the moral and sentimental history of his generation,2 and it is tempting for a reader to conclude that the book was intended to explain to the younger generations living under the Empire in the 1860s the psychological and political predicament of their parents, the generation of 1848. Michel Butor,


The 21st century has arrived,human and human society are both being changed and evolved quietly,and what about the patterns of different industrial products in our life?So this article is trying to find the mysterious force inside the product's appearance just from a new perspective-that is Product DNA.


Symptom expression and levels of the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and the crinivirus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) were compared in greenhouse cucumbers in single and mixed infections. Results were contrasted with those obtained for plants infected with the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in single and in mixed infections with either CVYV or CYSDV. Cucumber showed leaf symptoms of each co-infecting virus, except for the combination of CYSDV with ZYMV, where the typical CYSDV-like symptoms of interveinal leaf yellowing were inconspicuous or absent. The progression of CVYV as quantified by real-time RT-PCR was similar in plants with single infections and in mixed infection with CYSDV between 15 and 60 days post-inoculation (dpi). However, CYSDV was detected at significantly enhanced levels in plants when co-infected with CVYV but not when co-infected with ZYMV. In the latter case, ZYMV levels were reduced when compared with single infections. During mixed infections of ZYMV and CVYV, the titre levels of the ipomovirus were significantly lower when compared with single infections. Cucumber had reduced plant height, internode length, dry weight and fruit yield, positively correlated with the titre levels of CVYV and not of CYSDV during mixed infections. It is concluded that co-infections with CVYV enhance the titre of CYSDV, which could have epidemiological significance.


Equations and methodology were developed for estimating the weight and cost incrementals due to active controls added to the wing and horizontal tail of a subsonic transport airplane. The methods are sufficiently generalized to be suitable for preliminary design. Supporting methodology and input specifications for the weight and cost equations are provided. The weight and cost equations are structured to be flexible in terms of the active control technology (ACT) flight control system specification. In order to present a self-contained package, methodology is also presented for generating ACT flight control system characteristics for the weight and cost equations. Use of the methodology is illustrated.


The present invention relates to a portable terminal and a control method having a plurality of display. If the control method of the mobile terminal is provided on the first surface of the body a first display portion, the mobile terminal having the second display portion on the second surface of the main body, the operation menu is selected, the first related to the selected operation menu display a screen into the first display, and displays the second screen related to the selected operation menu on the display unit 2. According to the invention, by using two display parts it may control various operations of the portable terminal. A wireless terminal, e-paper, e-Paper


A state-of-the-art syntax-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) model, string-to-tree translation model (Galley et al., 2004; Galley et al., 2006; Chiang et al., 2009), is to construct a number of parse trees of the target language by 'parsing' a source language sentence making use of a bilingual translation grammar. Given a set of parallel sentences for training, optimal word alignments for every sentence pairs are first derived by using GIZA++ (Och and Ney, 2003). Then, a syntactic parser is used to parse the target sentences into trees. A source sentence, a target parse tree, and the alignment between the source and target words form an 'aligned treestring pair'. In order to split a tree into tree fragments yet obeying the constraints from the word alignment, algorithms proposed by Galley et al. (2004; 2006) are the de facto standard for extracting minimal and composed tree-string translation rules from the aligned tree-string pairs. n-gram language model (LM) integrated CKY algorithm (Huang and Chiang, 2005; Chiang, 2007) is popularly used for decoding. Tree-string translation rules are binarized (Zhang et al., 2006) into Chomsky normal forms before been used by the CKY algorithm. Figure 1 illustrates the training and testing process of Japanese string to English tree translation. For simplicity, similar example is used for both translation rule extracting and decoding. During training, suppose we are given an aligned tree-string pair, GHKM algorithm (Galley et al., 2004) is first applied for minimal rule extraction. During testing, given a Japanese sentence, we try to build a number x0 は x1 x0 x1 x1 を x0


In this methodological review, I explore how recent autoethnographic studies in the field of applied linguistics have used autoethnography as a research methodology. I examine 40 autoethnographies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2020. The findings show that a large number of the researchers employed autoethnography as "an umbrella term" without opting for a specific type of autoethnography. Second, a great majority of the autoethnographers diverted from traditional third-person academic prose, although most of them approached their stories with an analytic lens. Third, the absence or scarcity of (auto)biographical information decreased both the evocative and analytic qualities of autoethnographic studies. Lastly, the authors provided little or no justification of their methodological choices as to why they specifically opted for autoethnography rather than other qualitative methodologies. Likewise, most authors provided little or no explanation about their selection of data collection tools and procedures as well as their data analysis methods and strategies. In light of these findings, I suggest future autoethnographers familiarize themselves with the types, epistemological foundations, and methodological affordances of autoethnography so that they may find the most appropriate voice and affordances to tell their stories in their own way.


Teaching assessment can be a pain. But it can also be an opportunity. This poster describes my experience with student course evaluations and the development of a supplemental assessment tool. I teach two courses required for the college's general education curriculum: Western Civilization and the Environment, and Natural Resources in American History. Enrollment for both courses consists primarily of freshmen and sophomores, and averages two hundred and fifty students per academic year. My position is tenure-track Instructor, with an eighty percent teaching allocation. Thus, teaching evaluations are a particularly important component of my promotion and tenure review. Over the last five academic years, my evaluations have ranged from an overall mean of 3.0 to 4.1, averaging 3.8, on a scale from one to five with five being most positive. While some may perceive these numbers as acceptable, given that these are large required courses, others may feel that these are not high scores. There is little opportunity for comparison because teaching evaluation scores for other faculty are available only during the promotion and tenure process when faculty provide documentation for departmental review and comment. Nor are comparative numbers for other general education courses, or large lecture courses, available. My department Chair suggested that I collect additional data to address the overall mean of my evaluations. This would be included in my promotion and tenure review documentation and demonstrate awareness of and attention to assessment. I analyzed the results of the college surveys over eight semesters, spring 2002 to fall 2005. I found that the questions receiving the lowest mean scores addressed motivation (mean 3.4), fairness of tests and assignments (mean 3.4), and fairness of grading (mean 3.3).


lthough the North Pennines orefield has produced a wealth of minerals A through the years, it is fluorite that has made the region famous with collectors because of the well-developed and generally colorful nature of specimens occurring in cavities in both the veins and flats in many of the mines. The habit of North Pennines fluorite is almost always cubic, and crystals under approximately 3 cm in size are almost invariably penetration twins on [ 1 111, whereas larger crystals are typically untwinned and opaque. The one notable exception to this is the Boltsburn mine, which produced twinned fluorite crystals of good clarity in excess of 10 cm on edge. Growth hillocks with four vicinal faces (see A Word to the Wise, this issue) are common on the cube faces of twinned crystals and appear to emanate from the point where the twin penetrates the cube face. The most common colors are various shades of purple and lavender, followed by green and occasionally yellow. Internal color zoning, though often present, is rarely strongly developed, particularly when compared to that seen in fluorite recovered from the well-known southern Illinois deposits in the United States. Transparent crystals of purple fluorite will show discrete layers of varying color intensity, whereas some crystals of green fluorite have pale purple cores. Anomalous color zonning occasionally occurs in fluorite specimens from some mines. Some green fluorite from the Rogerley mine contains asymmetrical zones of pale yellow, and one cavity found in the Blackdene mine during the 1960s yielded yellow fluorite crystals with bright green cores. Some North Pennines fluorite crystals display an Figure I (top). Fluorite crystal from the Rogerley mine showing well-developed growth hillocks centered at the point of twin penetration of the cube face. Figure 2. Fluorite with calcite from the Bladrdene mine. Fluorite crystals show cloudy "white centers" typical of many North Pennines fluorite.


In order to enable the variable linear vibration screen with ideal movement behavior of screen surface and efficient screening capacity, five-freedom dynamic model and stability equations of the variable linear vibration screen were established based on power balance method and Hamilton principle. The motion behaviour of screen face was investigated, and − 0.10 m ≤ x f ≤ − 0.04 m was confirmed as the best range of exciting position. With analysis of stability equations, the stable requirement of vibration screen was obtained: the direction angle of exciting force should be 0 ≤ θ ≤ 45°. Screening processes of variable linear vibration screen with flexible screen face, variable linear vibration screen with fixed screen face and linear vibration screen were investigated and compared by numerical simulation method, the results show that variable linear vibration screen with flexible screen face have such characteristics as higher intensity of projection and efficient screening. The correctness of theoretical research and simulation research were verified through experiment, and all of the work would provide some guidance for designing and studying variable linear vibration screen with flexible screen face.


Extension languages enable users to expand the functionality of an application without touching its source code. Commonly, these languages are dynamically typed languages, such as Lisp, Python, or domain-specific languages, which support runtime plugins via dynamic loading of components. We show that Haskell can be comfortably used as a statically typed extension language for both Haskell and foreign-language applications supported by the Haskell FFI, and that it can perform type-safe dynamic loading of plugins using dynamic types. Moreover, we discuss how plugin support is especially useful to applications where Haskell is used as an embedded domain-specific language (EDSL). We explain how to realise type-safe plugins using dynamic types, runtime compilation, and dynamic linking, exploiting infrastructure provided by the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. We demonstrate the practicability of our approach with several applications that serve as running examples.


Aluminophosphate glasses from the Li2O-BaO-Al2O3-P2O5 system with the addition of nonmagnetic and paramagnetic rare earth ions, were prepared using a wet nonconventional method to process the raw materials, followed by a melting–quenching procedure. The glasses obtained were characterized with respect to their magnetic and magneto-optical properties using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The assumption of a linear dependence of the Verdet constant on the magnetic susceptibility, with a proportionality constant dependent on the type of vitreous matrix and doping ion, is critically discussed. The diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions to the Faraday rotation were separately analyzed and specific designs for optimal active and passive elements are proposed.


Atomization quality is sometimes affected by the breakup of liquid sheet downstream the spout because of its complicacy,when characteristics of the spray out of effervescent atomizer are studied. In order to improve atomization quality,we divided the atomization procedure into two sub procedures and used a FORTRAN program for the first sub procedure to get the droplet initial data. Then we built a reasonable model based on the atomization mechanism about the two-phase flow between airflow and droplets. Simulation was performed for the secondary atomization process with the realizable κ-e model and DPM model in the software Fluent,and the coupling between airflow and droplets was taken into account. Simulation results about the droplet size distribution along the axis of the atomizer fit the experiment data well,which can provide helpful data for the performance optimization of effervescent atomizer.


This paper proposes a generalized hyperbolic COordinate Rotation Digital Computer (GH CORDIC) to directly compute logarithms and exponentials with an arbitrary fixed base. In a hardware implementation, it is more efficient than the state of the art which requires both a hyperbolic CORDIC and a constant multiplier. More specifically, we develop the theory of GH CORDIC by adding a new parameter called base to the conventional hyperbolic CORDIC. This new parameter can be used to specify the base with respect to the computation of logarithms and exponentials. As a result, the constant multiplier is no longer needed to convert base $e$ (Euler's number) to other values because the base of GH CORDIC is adjustable. The proposed methodology is first validated using MATLAB with extensive vector matching. Then, example circuits with 16-bit fixed-point data are implemented under the TSMC 40-nm CMOS technology. Hardware experiment shows that at the highest frequency of the state of the art, the proposed methodology saves 27.98% area, 50.69% power consumption, and 6.67% latency when calculating logarithms; it saves 13.09% area, 40.05% power consumption, and 6.67% latency when computing exponentials. Both calculations do not compromise accuracy. Moreover, it can increase 13% maximum frequency and reduce up to 17.65% latency accordingly compared to the state of the art.


The article describes first the recent progress in permanent way research. Then the economic evaluation of findings, which was done in a cooperative work between the Austrian Railways (OBB) and the University Graz is explained. In the conclusion it is shown, that all results of permanent way research that have the capacity to extend the service life of tracks should be given priority and applied without delay. These include measures that improve geometric stability and the initial geometry, such as tamping with initial measurement, the use of a dynamic stabiliserto balance the track geometry, or ensuring that the forces acting between wheel and rail are as low as possible, through the grinding of rail surfaces or asymmetric grinding in a narrow radius or alternative curve geometries (e.g. Vienna curve). Obviously such measures will be effective only when the subgrade formation has sufficient bearing capacity. The key to ensuring safety and efficiency is in monitoring the track geometry, and this is best done through a database that makes such information available to all users with the required clarity and precision.


The present invention relates to a method for particle beam induced etching of a photolithographic mask (100) comprising the steps of: (a) providing an activating particle beam (205) at a location to be etched (150); and (b) providing an etching gas (170) at the site to be etched (150); (C) wherein the etching gas (170) comprising a first gaseous component (180) and water vapor as a second gaseous component (190), and wherein said first gaseous component (180) comprising nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine in a compound.


【Objective】The variation principal in different growth periods of glucosinolates content was studied, and glucosinolate content correlations between Brassica napus leaves and seeds were discussed.【Method】Glucosinolates content and components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result】Leaf glucosinolate content in double-high material Zhongyou821 decreased from rosette to blooming stage, while in double-low material leaf glucosinolate increased from overwintering to budding period, decreased at stem elongation stage and rose again at early blooming stage. Leaf glucosinolate contents and profiles varied significantly in double-high and double-low rapeseeds. However, it was very close to each other in stem elongation period, and aliphatic glucosinolates were the dominant ones in both leaves. 【Conclusion】There was no significant correlation in individual glucosinolate content between leaves and seeds in all double low rapeseed materials tested. Changes of glucosinolate contents in leaves will not affect glucosinolate content in seeds significantly.


From the earliest human cultures, nonhuman animals have been central to the sexual imaginary of humans. This article traces the modern history of bestiality from the nineteenth century, culminating in 'zoo' communities today. It explores the changing ideas about the 'wrongness' of such acts. It asks: what do human–animal sexual relations tell us about gender, sexuality, violence, psychiatry and concepts of consent? What are the possibilities for humans and nonhuman animals becoming true 'companion species'?


Vortex methods have found wide applications in various practical problems. The use of vortex methods in free surface flow problems, however, is still very limited. This paper demonstrates a vortex method for practical computation of non-linear free surface flows produced by moving bodies. The method is a potential flow formulation which uses the exact non-linear free surface boundary condition at the exact location of the instantaneous free surface. The position of the free surface, on which vortices are distributed, is updated using a Lagrangian scheme following the fluid particles on the free surface. The vortex densities are updated by the non-linear dynamic boundary condition, derived from the Euler equations, with an iterative Lagrangian numerical scheme.

The formulation is tested numerically for a submerged circular cylinder in unsteady translation. The iteration is shown to converge for all cases. The results of the unsteady simulations agree well with classical linearized solutions. The stability of the method is also discussed.


A number of innovations in the conception of fusion-fission hybrid reactors, including the blanket, the fusion driver, the coupling of the fusion and the fission components as well as the application of hybrid reactors are described, and their feasibility assessed.


Full-text search is widely used for various services of the Internet. A more high-speed and a more efficient full-text search technology is necessary because of the amount of increasing handled document and corresponding document data every day. This paper proposes an adaptive block management algorithm that is efficient for dynamic data management method. This algorithm is applied for inverted file searching. The new method speeds up character string retrieval by first making a full-text search of uni-gram and a full-text search of bi-gram. This paper proposes a method for enhancing the static full-text search system of bi-gram to the dynamic full-text search system of bi-gram. Moreover, this paper presents an efficient achievement method of the dynamic full-text search system of bi-gram using effectiveness of the adaptive block management structure.


Rice-crab co-culture is an important agricultural industry in Chongming Island. During the past twenty years,because of the improvement of environmental quality and enhancement of bird conservation,the number of bird species and population increased significantly in Chongming Island. However,this increasing number of birds brings a certain trouble to rice-crab co-culture pond as many birds generally feed on crab and rice. Therefore the current study was firstly conducted to investigate the major species of bird trouble,and to identify the influence time and major trouble birds for two rice-crab co-culture models,furthermore,to evaluate the input and output of two ecological methods for bird prevention. The results showed that,( 1)there were 13 major bird species in the rice-crab co-culture area,and the most common speices are egrets with six species found in our investigation.( 2) the major trouble birds were egret species for crab culture ponds and the major trouble periods were winter and spring; the major trouble birds were egrets,sparrows and magpies for rice-crab co-culture ponds while sparrows and magpies were the main trouble for the rice crop during the periods of seeding,filling and maturation.( 3) the method of nylon wire prevention was cheaper than the combination of nylon wire and anti-bird net; however,the combination method is suitable for ricecrab co-culture ponds. In conclusion,the combination method of nylon wire and anti-bird net,together with visual bird prevention such as scarecrow,had the significant effects in the control of bird trouble for rice-crab co-culture ponds,which will eventually lead to the good results of bird prevention,economic benefit and ecological effect for both the rice-crab co-culture and bird protection in Chongming Island.


Umbu-caja fruits are normally sold and consumed fresh, which can result in large post-collection losses. An alternative to make maximum use of this fruit is to devise new products, including jams. Thus, the aim of this study was to manufacture and assess traditional and diet umbu-caja jams. Ripe fruits were physically characterized and depulped. Pulp was then submitted to physical, chemical, physicochemical and microbiological analyses. We used 22 experimental planning with two central points to manufacture the jams, considering the following independent variables: sugar (50, 55 and 60%), aspartame (0.055, 0.065 and 0.075%) and pectin (0.50, 1.00 and 1.50%). The jams were characterized and submitted to sensory analysis, in order to select the two most acceptable samples from each planning matrix to be stored for 180 days. With respect to traditional jams, increased sugar and a reduction in pectin resulted in greater yield. A rise in pectin and lower sugar levels led to higher extrusion force. Firmness and adhesiveness showed no negative influence from either independent variable for traditional jam. However, a tendency to greater firmness was observed with an increase of pectin and more adhesiveness with a reduction. Diet jams showed no significant difference for dependent variables. In relation to extrusion and firmness, no tendencies were detected with a variation in aspartame; however, an increase in pectin caused a tendency to higher extrusion and firmness values. Sensory analysis revealed that the highest acceptability indices of traditional jams were for jams 1 and 5 and for diet jams, samples 3 and 4, all of which were stored. In traditional jams, water content, water activity, acidity, sucrose and yellow intensity decreased with storage, while pH, °Brix and reducing sugars increased under the same conditions. For diet jams, reducing sugars, luminosity, and yellow intensity declined with storage, and pH, water activity and °Brix/acid ratio were higher. Employing umbu-caja to manufacture traditional and diet jams is a viable alternative for using surplus production, in addition to introducing a new product into the market.


The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a new viral disease in swine, designated exclusively under the acronym PRRS by the European Commission in 1991. The cause of this disease was isolated and determined in 1991 at the Lelystad Institute in The Netherlands as Lelystad aretrivirus. The PRRSV is an RNA virus of the order Nidovirales, the family Arteriviridae, the genus Arterivirus (Cavanaugh, 1997). Different genomic and pheriotypic varieties of the virus are significant. It is replicated in macrophages, it induces permanent viraemia, causes the creation of antibodies, and leads to persistent and latent infections. It is isolated from tonsil tissue, alveolar macrophages, the uterus, and fetal homogenate composed of different tissues (Wills et al., 1997). All production categories of swine can contract PRRS, but pregnant sows, suckling piglets and fattening swine are considered endangered categories. Morbidity and mortapty is between 8-80%, which also depends on the animal category. Economic damages are substantial when one considers the high percentage of still-born piglets, mummified fetuses and suckling piglets. Irregular successive cycles in sows are also expressed. In fattening swine, in addition to a respiratory form of the clinical picture, the time period until animals reach abattoir weight is extended even up to 30 days, which is also a considerable economic loss. Costs of treating possible secondary bacterial infections, diagnostics and immunoprophylaxis are not negligible. The OIE placed PRRS on the B list in 1992 as a contagious disease of swine which incurs economic losses in almost all countries of the world. Diagnosis is made by isolating and determining the virus and/or by serodiagnostics (ELISA and PCR). Certain countries have already made up protocols for the implementation of constant diagnostics and suggested eradication measures (Dee S.A. et al., 2000). In our country, the first clinical cases of PRRS were recorded in Herceg Novi in 1998 (Radojicic Biljana et al., 2002). It is our opinion that the implementation of PRRS diagnostics must begin in our country as well, especially since the disease has a clinical picture which is similar to swine plague, so that wrong diagnoses are possible.


Semantic mapping based on information of objects has become a crucial component for the surrounding comprehension and the more robust navigation. In this paper, we propose a system for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that combines multiple objects tracking and factor graph optimization with semantically meaningful landmarks to achieve accurate monocular semantic mapping. Firstly, the process of object recognition uses a vanishing point sampling-based approach to efficiently infer the class and position of object landmarks from 2D bounding box object detection. Secondly, The semantic frontend utilizes local matching-based data association to track raw cuboid proposals. It can provide semantic constraints to reduce cuboid scale drift and improve its position estimation. Finally, we present a multi-view factor graph optimization which can use motion modal of the camera to optimize stable cuboids. The semantic mapping experiments on our own built virtual scene show better accuracy and robustness over existing approaches. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on public KITTI datasets and a real scene.


What is the current ideological trend of middle school students? What demands has it set on ideological education? All these problems have to be addressed before we can start ideological work in light of realities and turn ideological education into a science. Last winter we visited successively one city, three county towns, and two rural communes in Guangxi and conducted an investigation into eight full-time regular middle schools.


Lithium tetraborate Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ (LB4) has proved to be very promising for the generation of the fourth and fifth harmonics of Nd:YAG lasers. The birefringence of LB4 is higher than that of LBO. LB4 is negative uniaxial and belongs to the 4 mm point group which means that its effective nonlinearity is maximized under the conditions of 90/spl deg/ phase-matching. The clear transmittance spans from 170 nm to 3300 nm. We demonstrate sum-frequency generation of tunable VUV femtosecond pulses with LB4 from 185 nm down to 170 nm (7.3 eV), the lower limit being set by the available fourth harmonic tunability. A comparison with an LBO reference sample reveals that LB4 has a superior performance in the VUV spectral region below 180 nm.


This paper discusses the new requirements of electronic commerce for MIS, the new functions of enterprise MIS in the age of electronic commerce, and the new framework of enterprise MIS in an electronic commerce environment.


Knowledge production remains a game of power. Over the years certain discourses have tried to naturalise and reinforce the position that  world's best practices are defined as Eurocentric and henceforth anything that is African is viewed as 'traditional' , 'barbaric' and 'bush'. The European 'supremacy' in knowledge production has been emphasised across disciplines and human resource (HR) management is no exception. It has been argued that 'true' human resource management policies were 'invented' by Europeans. This has however, fanned discord in industrial relations in Zimbabwean organisations. Employing a theoretical and literature review approach, this research critically explores the extent to which harmony and productivity can be achieved in Zimbabwe if managers adopt the 'true' Zimbabwean cultural values and allow them to shape their managerial thinking. This study contends that best HR practices are as old as humanity itself in the African society and Zimbabwean culture in particular. This study explores concepts such as, team work, quality circles, total quality management, works councils, respect, harmony, collective bargaining, which have been part and parcel of the Zimbabwean culture since time immemorial and which are important as markers of HR practices.

 Key words: Culture, conduit, managerial thinking, industrial relations, Zimbabwe.


A multilevel resist process has been developed that is capable of producing 0.1- mu m T-cross-section gates using 50-kV electron-beam lithography. A ratio of upper to lower dimensions greater than three provides a low gate resistance of 450 Omega -mm, allowing improved microwave performance over high-resistance trapezoidal gates. Careful characterization and control of gate recessing resulted in less than 300 AA of ungated channel recess for minimal parasitic channel resistance. Several material structures were compared, varying the dopant incorporation from 80-AA spike doping to 40-AA spike doping to atomic planar doping. The growth of the spike-doped structures was optimized to provide a high n/sub s/>or=1.2 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/. In addition, these spike-doped structures had heavily doped caps of 100 Omega / Square Operator sheet resistivity to provide low parasitic source resistance. Performance was evaluated by on-wafer S-parameter measurements. The peak measured unity current gain cutoff frequency ranged from 90 to 113 GHz, depending on the material structure. This performance is attributed to careful attention to the details of gate formation, layer design, and MBE (molecular-beam epitaxial) growth. >


The following is an edited transcription of a roundtable conversation held on 3 June 2013 at the Canadian Association for Theatre Research conference in Victoria, BC. The original blog referenced below can be accessed at http://performancegenealogies.wordpress.com/. Heather Davis-Fisch: The idea for this panel came out of a series of conversations that the roundtable participants have had over the last couple of years. It became clear to us that there was interest in a focused conversation about how we understand and construct the pasts of performances taking place in and on the lands now known as Canada. There was particular interest in looking at historiographical and methodological approaches that operate in, and are appropriate to Canadian contexts. We began with the idea of performance genealogies, taking as our starting point Joseph Roach's description of performance genealogies in Cities of the Dead. In Roach's words, genealogies "document--and suspect--the historical transmission and dissemination of cultural practices through collective representations" (25). This provides one theoretical framework for putting theatrical, extra-theatrical, and non-theatrical performances in conversation with one another and for describing "the disparities between history as it is discursively transmitted and memory as it is publicly enacted by the bodies that bear its consequences" (26). In preparing for this roundtable, one of our central concerns was problematizing the idea of genealogies and examining other frameworks for interpreting and connecting performances of the past. Beginning with the question of what theoretical models and methods of genealogies are appropriate--or inappropriate--to Canadian contexts, each of our participants has chosen a keyword to investigate, tracking out in a sense, the keyword's genealogy. In blog discussions preparing for our panel today, Marlis drew our attention to Jill Lane's article on the merits of a keywords approach in Latin American performance, making the point that this approach emerges as a potential solution to several problems in Canadian performance history as well. Marlis wrote: "a keywords approach works against the unidirectional singular narrative approach of more traditional Western scholarship and brings ambiguity, contestation, and debate to light. In this respect, I see obvious connections to Foucault's use of genealogy to move away from singular, linear teleological narratives (i.e. A begat B begat C begat D but it all started with A)" (Canadian). In other words, this approach allows us to look for connections that might be obscured by national, or linear, or institutional approaches. Keywords also lead us to consider how language and vocabulary construct how we understand the past, particularly when we look at how language shapes or marks discursive and critical moves. Before turning to our roundtable participants, I want to flag three meta-questions that run beneath our discussion. First, why have certain narratives of performance unfolded or prevailed in Canadian performance studies and histories and what investments--personal, institutional, regional, aesthetic or political-are preserved in these choices? Second, the genealogical approach and other alternative approaches to the performative past challenge binaries between theatre/performance, past/present, space/time, but attempting to disrupt these binaries often generates new binaries. One notable example of this is archive/repertoire. We want to identify when we wrestle with these binaries and to ask what our investments in these binaries symptomatize. Finally, we want to raise questions of ethics, concerning who decides which events, performances, or histories count, what violence we commit or repeat in representing the past, and what epistemologies or ontologies we privilege. Each participant will begin by giving a short description of the term she has been working with and then we will address three questions that emerged from our online discussions. …


The utility model discloses a multi-function portable operation folder. The problems that used tools are complex and easy to leave out in the switching operation process of transformer substation operation personnel are solved. The multi-function portable operation folder comprises a folder cover page (2) and a folder back cover page (1), a rain-proof transparent page (3) is arranged between the folder cover page (2) and the folder back cover page (1), a calculator, a five-prevention key (8) and an article bag (10) are respectively arranged on the back face of the folder cover page (2), and a ticket folder (5), a pen bag (7) and a recording pen (6) are respectively arranged on the inner side face of the folder back cover page (1). The multi-function portable operation folder is compact in structure, various conditions encountered in the actual switching operation process are fully utilized and considered, and the switching operation work of the operation personnel is conveniently carried out.


This article is the result of community service program to develop micro business of leather calligraphy crafts in Sonorejo Village Sukoharjo District. So far the product of leather calligraphy, made using a single color screen printing technique with a monotonous visual form without variations of decoration. In general, craftsmen tend to be passive in developing new designs because they feel enough to produce calligraphy from the order designs carried by middlemen. Dependence on the middleman, causing the weak bargaining position of craftsmen in determining the price of the product. Meanwhile, craftsmen have production experience as a basis to develop their creativity in creating design innovations that are likely to expand the marketing area. In view of these conditions, the program is implemented to develop creativity and craftsman skills in: 1) create more varied designs of calligraphy, 2) create decorative patterns, 3) apply techniques of color screen printing on leather calligraphy crafts products. This community service program uses a participatory approach with a buttom up method; where the participation of craftsmen during the activity is expected to be able to answer their needs in a participative manner. Its activities are focused on training on the development of shape design, decorative pattern, and application of color screen printing technique. Through this program, there has been an increase in the ability of craftsmen in terms of: 1) creating new and more varied calligraphic designs using coreldraw software. 2) composing calligraphy style, decorative pattern, and background in harmony and artistic, 3) creating product according to design by applying color screen printing technique.


Melt blending is an effective way to prepare new composite materials, but most polymers are incompatible. In order to reduce the interfacial tension and obtain fine and stable morphology with internal symmetric micro-textures, suitable compatibilizers should be added to the blend. The two immiscible polymers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS), were compatibilized by styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene block copolymers grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MAH) and organomontmorillonite (OMMT). The scanning electron microscope results indicated that the size of the PS phase decreased with increasing the content of SEBS-g-MAH. By introducing OMMT into LDPE/PS/SEBS-g-MAH composites, the compatibility of composites was further improved. The rheological analysis and Cole–Cole plot analysis indicated that the addition of SEBS-g-MAH and OMMT increased the interaction between the two phases. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the LDPE/PS/SEBS-g-MAH (70/30/7, wt%) composite increased by 64%, 255%, and 380%, respectively, compared with the LDPE/PS (70/30, wt%) composite. A small amount of OMMT could synergistically compatibilize the LDPE/PS composite with SEBS-g-MAH. After adding 0.3% OMMT into the LDPE/PS/SEBS-g-MAH system, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the composite were further increased to 18.57 MPa, 71.87%, and 33.28 kJ/m2, respectively.


8irds are routinely exposed to this fungus and only rarely become pathogenic and the lower respiratory tract is most severely affected by inhalation rout. There have been sorne recent reports about respiratory aspergillosis in ostrich (Kyoung 200 l, Marks et al 1994). Aspergillus spp usually cause disease under condition of stress, immunosupression, and prolonged treatment with antibiotics or massive exposure to the microorganism. Clinical signs of aspergillosis in ostriches are weight loss, lethargy and dyspnea (Kyoung 2001). Other less common forms of aspergillosis in birds are encephalitis, ophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, dermatitis and systemic form (Fitzgerald & Moisan (1995). AJumigatus was isolated in sorne cases of respiratory aspergillosis (Campbell (1986). It has been reported that aspergillosis was observed in ostriches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but is relatively uncommon today (Terzich & Vanhooser (1993). This is the tirst case report of aspergillosis due to AJumigatus in Iran. The ostriches ofthis report had received chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin for a long time (45 days) so these drugs may have been the cause of the pulmonary aspergillosis.


Distributed Systems suffer from the enormous performance gap between local and remote operation. To bridge this gap a general purpose distributed operating system must provide a variety of techniques for a single purpose, such as both RPC and replication, for remote data access. Depending on the situation the OS has to select the most suitable technique dynamically. But the indirections needed for dynamic switching between different techniques must be as efficient as possible to avoid constant overhead. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the highly flexible linker FLink that allows the OS to switch between different techniques at runtime without constant


Disclosed is the high quality germchit tissure culturing and rapid breeding method of Dendrobium sp., wherein a large amount of test tube seedlings with stabilized performance are obtained through fine breed tissue culture by adopting the path of clumping buds. The produced Dendrobium sp. has the advantages of high genetic stability, quick emergence of seedlings, strong seedlings, good seedling quality, strong resistance, and fine growth status.


Gold (Au) accounts for only 0.004 g/ton of the earth's crust and is the most desired element. With an average annual world production of approximately 2,500 tons, the current methods of Au mining in developing countries cause major environmental issues. These issues vary from deforestation to cyanide and mercury (Hg) contamination. This article presents several cases of environmental catastrophes caused by Au mining in different regions of the world (Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and South America). It discusses the currently available processes for the large-scale extraction of metallic Au grains and supports the need for an alternative sustainable process.