Urgency. The urgency is caused by the need to continuously monitor with radio instrumentation dynamic processes acting in the ionosphere, which arise due to variations in space weather, the impact of high-energy sources of natural and anthropogenic origin. To meet this challenge, V. N. Karazin National University and Harbin Engineering University specialists has developed a coherent multi-frequency multi-path radio system for obliquely probing the ionosphere.

Purpose of Work. The paper illustrates the instrument capability for the study of dynamic processes arising in the ionosphere during a solar terminator, a moderate earthquake, a strong ionospheric storm, and in the cource of a partial solar eclipse.

Techniques and Methodology. The system design is base on the software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The system is capable of receiving radio waves in the 10 kHz – 30 MHz band. The versatile computer software permits us to adjust the system for solving various problems. The number of the radio propagation paths and their orientation depends on the problem being solved. The premise upon which this radio system operation is based is measurements of the Doppler shift of the frequency. The autoregressive algorithm provides a 0.02 Hz root-mean-square Doppler line error and 7.5-s time resolution. Having the Doppler spectrum time dependencies for various radio paths archived, time series corresponding to various radio-wave modes undergo further processing.

Results. As an example of successful instrument performance, dynamic processes operating in the course of a dusk terminator, the moderate (magnitude 5.9) earthquake on July 7, 2018, the strong ionospheric storm on August 26, 2018, and the partial (0.74 magnitude) solar eclipse over China on August 11, 2018 have been investigated. The ionospheric response to the impact of energy sources of various nature has been detected and investigated; it was accompanied by an increase in the number of rays, Doppler spectrum broadening, aperiodic and quasi-periodic variations in the Doppler shift of the frequency, generation of alternating sign variations in the electron density and wave disturbances having atmospheric gravity wave and infrasound parameters.

Conclusions. The radio system located at the Harbin Engineering University campus successfully performs continuous radio monitoring of dynamic processes caused by various energy source in the ionosphere.


In this research article, we will attempt to present discussions related to the analysis of bank liquidity regulations based on applicable laws and regulations, analyze to understand the legal protection of depositors/customers when a bank liquidation occurs, and analyze the reconstruction of legal protection for customers in bank liquidation based on the principle of justice. The research method employed in this study is a sociological or non-doctrinal approach, where the primary focus is on collecting primary data. To obtain the necessary data for this research, the author utilized a juridical-empirical legal research method. In empirical research, the emphasis is on the application of law in the real field (law in concreto). The research was conducted by initially examining secondary data, followed by primary data research conducted in the field or within the community. The results of the research indicate that customer protection related to bank liquidation has been anticipated by the banks themselves through implicit and explicit protections, both of which have been explained and regulated in banking law. Bank Indonesia has the authority to provide guidance and supervision to ensure the continuity of bank operations, and Bank Indonesia also determines provisions related to the health of banks by considering aspects such as investors, asset quality, management, liquidity, for example, regarding customer protection and the provision of credit to customers, which is guided and supervised, affecting the health and smooth operation of banks. Therefore, there is a need for a restructuring of legal customer protection regulations in bank liquidation based on the principle of justice. Every bank is obligated to guarantee the funds of the public deposited with the respective bank. The government needs to organize Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, particularly the protection of bank customers in the case of liquidation, to be emphasized in banking management.


http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(4).2711-2719 ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to development of oral nanoemulsion formulation of telmisartan belong to BCS class 2nd, It have low solubility and low permeability. Therefore, oral nanoemulsion containing Telmisartan was prepared to increase its solubility and bioavailability rate. The o/w nanoemulsion was prepared by screening the excipients from the nanoemulsion region of pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Oleic acid optimized as an oil phase based on higher solubility study. Surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (PEG 200) were mixed (Smix) in different volume ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 2:1, 3:1..). The optimized formulation containing Oleic acid (13.6%), Tween 80 (23.9%), PEG 200 (7.9%) and Methanol (54.6%) as oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and aqueous phase in Smix was prepared. Formulated nanoemulsions has to be evaluated for UV, FTIR, in vitro drug release, viscosity, particle size, product stability at accelerated conditions compared to the conventional formulation. Optimized oral nanoemulsion showed increase bioavailability.


The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  examine  the  influence  of  good  corporate  governance m echanism with external auditor fees on all companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesa (BEI) during 2009-2013. Good corporate governance mechanisms in this study consisted of the independent commissioners, the board of commissioners, the board of commissioner meetings, audit committee, audit committee meetings and internal auditor. Collecting data is using purposive sampling method to all companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) during 2009-2013. A total of 76 companies w ere utilised as sample in this research. Before being conducted the regression test, it is examined by using the classical assumption tests . This study uses multiple linear regression model as the analysis instrument. It was shown that the number of independent commisioners, the size from board of commissioners, the size of audit committee, and internal auditor have a significant influence with external auditor fees. However, the meeting of the board commissioners and the meeting of audit committee do not have significant influence with external auditor fees.


Simple Summary In recent years, due to the increasing scale of pasture, the incidence of hoof disease is increasing and hoof deformation is one of the common hoof diseases in dairy cows. In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed dairy cows, LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS techniques were used to analyze the serum samples of dairy cows. As a result, 127 metabolites were screened by metabolomics, and 28 metabolic pathways were enriched by KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, including nine metabolic pathways. The results of ion omics showed that 13 kinds of ions such as K, Li and Pb were up-regulated, while 18 kinds of ions such as Al, Cu and Sb were down-regulated. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and ion omics found that potassium ions were positively correlated with L-tyrosine and L-proline, positively correlated with thiamine and negatively correlated with L-valine. Sodium ions were positively correlated with L-valine and negatively correlated with α-D-glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the ionic and metabolic changes in the organism after hoof deformation in dairy cows. Abstract In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed cows, the serum samples of 10 healthy cows (group C) and 10 hoof-deformed cows (group T) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS. The pathway enrichment of differential metabolites was analyzed by screening and identifying differential metabolites and ions and using a bioinformatics method. The integration of metabolomics and ionics was analyzed with ggplot2 software in R language, and verified by MRM target metabolomics. The results showed that 127 metabolites were screened by metabolomics, of which 81 were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and 46 were down-regulated (p < 0.05). The results of ICP-OES/MS showed that 13 kinds of ions such as K, Li, and Pb in serum of dairy cows were up-regulated, while 18 kinds of ions such as Al, Cu and Sb were down-regulated. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and ionics found that potassium ions were positively correlated with L-tyrosine, L-proline, thiamine and L-valine. Sodium ions were positively correlated with L-valine and negatively correlated with α-D-glucose. The results of high-throughput target metabolomics showed that the contents of L-proline, L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan in serum of dairy cows increased significantly, which was consistent with the results of non-target metabolomics. In a word, the metabolism and ion changes in dairy cows with hoof deformation were revealed by metabolomics and ionics.


Communication Principle is a very important specialized basic course in informational curriculum.In view of the features of this course including profound theory,extensive application and degree of difficulty in study,the major problems in Communication Principle teaching are analyzed,and the countermeasures are proposed correspondingly.These countermeasures include various patterns and methods of teaching,particularly development of learning interest and innovation consciousness.In the end,the circumstance of training teachers of this course is introduced,and novel demands for teachers are proposed when they are in instruction.


The 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake sequence (Mw 8.6, 8.2) is a rare example of great strike‐slip earthquakes in an intraoceanic setting. With over a decade of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, we were able to measure and model the unanticipated large coseismic and postseismic gravity changes of these events. Using the approach of normal mode decomposition and spatial localization, we computed the gravity changes corresponding to five moment tensor components. Our analysis revealed that the gravity changes are produced predominantly by coseismic compression and dilatation within the oceanic crust and upper mantle and by postseismic vertical motion. Our results suggest that the postseismic positive gravity and the postseismic uplift measured with GPS within the coseismic compressional quadrant are best fit by ongoing uplift associated with viscoelastic mantle relaxation. Our study demonstrates that the GRACE data are suitable for analyzing strike‐slip earthquakes as small as Mw 8.2 with the noise characteristics of this region.


An energy storage type high-pressure fuel pumps, engine belongs to the field, an electromagnetic power means comprising a plunger and sleeve assembly, the barrel assembly includes a high volume and a plunger barrel and a bore containing a plunger slidable in the plunger bore of a plunger in the plunger bore coproduct in the high pressure oil chamber, the clearance volume between the power unit and the electromagnetic plunger sleeve assembly is formed a low-pressure oil chamber, under the action of the electromagnetic drive means, the plunger sleeve the cartridge assembly of low-pressure oil chamber in the high pressure fuel sucked and pumped to the high pressure oil chamber volume, the electromagnetic power means comprises a storage means, moving portion and a stationary portion, an electromagnetic driving current control by the power plant converts electrical energy into alternating bi-directional driving force to drive the moving part to reciprocate. The present invention is the use of the principle of energy storage means and the reciprocating drive directly, will make the whole amount of the phase function in the release phase portion, to increase the density of the transient energy to the power-driven means, to improve the oil pressure pump.


This article reports on the introduction of natural gas to the Swedish energy system via the Oresund submarine pipeline from Denmark. Outlined are design and engineering considerations, government action on the introduction, alternative pipeline considerations, trenching, and coping with the problem of a number of shipping lanes in the area.


About 250 intergeneric hybrids with the genome constitution AR, AARR or ARR were obtained from over 15 000 crosses between Brassica campestris (AA or AAAA, female parent) and Raphanus sativus (RR or RRRR). The poor crossability was shown to be a consequence of various breeding barriers. The diploid and tetraploid hybrids were studied in form, fertility, chromosome association at meiosis and crossability both among the hybrids and in crosses with the parental species and Brassica napus . x Brassicoraphanus (AARR) was backcrossed twice with B . campestris (AA), and was also crossed and backcrossed with B . napus (AACC). Form and chromosome association at meiosis in AAR and AACR hybrids were studied. Two populations of X Brassicoraphanus (AARR) were propagated and studied in more detail, partly for possible suitability as a new crop. Most plants were highly sterile because of breeding barriers, which were similar to those in the original intergeneric crosses. The increase in fertility and chromosomal stability were studied in the first three generations of the populations.


For problem that asynchronous motor has inadequate starting torque with heavy load during low-frequency starting under control strategy of constant proportion of voltage to frequency,the paper proposed to use voltage compensation measure to improve carrying capacity of motor in cycloconverter-fed frequency-conversion speed-regulation system.It introduced voltage compensation principle and calculation of compensation values,and compared spectrum,speed and torque with and without voltage compensation,and different voltage compensation effects of the motor with different loads.The simulation results show that the voltage compensation has good compensation effect in the frequency-conversion speed-regulation system: ① The stator output voltage has high harmonic content,the waveform has good symmetry,and motor has strong load capacity under voltage compensation.② The greater the motor load is,the slower its rotational speed becomes,but the starting torque remains unchanged,and the speed decline maintains substantially constant.


A new advanced coding method to remove errors caused by quantum noise is presented. The coding offers all error detecting and 1 bit error correcting ability and gives feasibility for achievement of zero-error future high speed optical transmission.


The process of long-wavelength small-diameter PADAN polarization maintaining optical fibers is introduced. The difficulty of the process is analyzed. The long-wavelength small-diameter PADAN polarization maintaining optical fibers in prepared after the process is improved. The attenuation at 1550nm of the fiber is less than 0.8dB/km,the crosstalk is-28dB/km.


In this work all vibrational transitions up to the second overtone of pair SH– ions in KCl were calculated. The interaction of the identical molecules, which are characterized by "exact" resonance (pairs nSH––nSH, n is a mass number) were researched. The "inexact" interaction (within pairs nSH––m SH–, m ≠ n) was also considered. In both cases the problem was to find wavenumbers and selection rules of vibrational bands from experimental data for single SH– ions in KCl. It was supposed that the dipole moment function is a linear function of the vibrational coordinate. Morse potential function was used as a model of internuclear interaction within SH– ions. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


THIS Double Section finishes the letter H, and, with it, the first half of Volume V. It contains 2721 Main words, 528 Special Combinations explained under these, and 467 Subordinate entries, 3716 in all. The obvious combinations, recorded and illustrated by quotations, without individual definition, number 655 more. Of the Main words, 2147 are current and native, 407 (= 15 % ) are marked (+) as obsolete, and 167 (=6� % ) as (II) alz"en or not fully naturalized.


One of the hardest challenges to face in the development of a non GPS-based localization system for autonomous vehicles is the changes of the environment. LiDAR-based systems typically try to match the last measurements obtained with a previously recorded map of the area. If the existing map is not updated along time, there is a good chance that the measures will not match the environment well enough, causing the vehicle to lose track of its location. In this paper, we present and analyze experimental results regarding the robustness and precision of a map-matching based localization system over a certain period of time in the following three cases: (1) without any update of the initial map, (2) updating the map as the vehicle moves and (3) with map updates that take into account surrounding structures labeled as "fixed" which are treated differently. The environment of the tests is a busy parking area, which ensures drastic changes from one day to the next. The precision is obtained by comparing the positions computed using the map with the ones provided by a Real-Time Kinematic GPS system. The experimental results reveal a positioning error of about 6cm which remains stable even after 23 days when using fixed structures on the working area.


The geometry imposed by the coordination sphere around the metal, together with the choice of the "arms" can be advantageously used to build corannulene-based molecular tweezers, which show great affinities for C60 and C70, as revealed by NMR titration experiments, mass spectroscopy, DFT calculations and the single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the compound C60 ⊂1.


The research was conducted on Augmented Reality (AR), its concept, its precedents, the fields of application in which it is presented, and the advantages it has at the time this technology is implemented. It also analyzes the implementation of AR in the world in various sectors such as education, medicine, and industry. The applications of augmented reality in Honduras were identified. And the factors why Honduras has not implemented AR are analyzed. AR is a human-computer interface design strategy aimed at enhancing a user's visual perception by superimposing computer graphics on the user's view. AR has a series of devices, and software, among other elements that operate as development tools making the experience with this reality more attractive. In the fields of application four areas stand out: Education, Textile, Marketing, and Manufacturing. By evaluating the sectors and fields where AR is applied worldwide, a comparison and analysis are made to define which would be the best option to develop this technology in the best way in Honduras.


A photographic camera capable of recording additional image comprising: an optical assembly including a lens and a shutter 3 to form an image of a photographed subject on an image recording medium 2; and an additional image sheet 4 having an additional image comprising a light transmitting part and an opaque part, which is placed in an image forming optical passage between the optical assembly and the image recording medium being closely to or slightly in contact with the image recording medium. The camera is simple, economical and reliable. Any additional image can be easily recorded in desired color and size.


Repellent activity of Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica fruits oils in liquid paraffin were evaluated against adult Aedes aegypti in the laboratory. Results showed that repellency is dependent on both the concentration and time after application. P. guineense and X. aethiopica oils showed complete protection from mosquito bite for 2h at 35%(v/v) and 30% respectively. The activity of eucalyptus oil (positive control), a commercial repellent, at 30% was only able to protect for 2h. Both oils used could be applied as repellents where protection from mosquito bite is sought for, over a short period of time.


Engineering transfer RNAs to read codons consisting of four bases requires changes in tRNA that go beyond the anticodon sequence.


Abstract. This paper empirically investigates the impact of floating exchange rate on balance of payment in Nigeria during 1986 – 2016. Unit root test, cointegration test, VEC Granger causality/Exogeneity Wald test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were econometric tools used to establish the relationship between exchange rate and balance of payment. The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship in both short-run and long-run between balance of payment and exchange rate of the Nigerian Economy during the period under review. The VEC Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity further revealed that the major determinants of exchange rate are real GDP and money supply. It further reveals that the nexus among the variables runs from government expenditure to real GDP and money supply to exchange rate, and then to Balance of Payment. Therefore it was recommended amongst other things that the policy of exchange rate depreciation should be maintained but with government intervention guide. Government through Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should apply expenditure reducing monetary policies through money supply and domestic credit to promote favourable BOT which invariably stabilizes BOP. Keywords. Floating exchange rate, Balance of payments, VECM. JEL. F10, F30, F31.


We recently decided to develop a new alignment algorithm for the purpose of improving our Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) system's performance, since subsentential alignment is critical in locating the correct translation for a matched fragment of the input. Unlike most algorithms in the literature, this new Symmetric Probabilistic Alignment (SPA) algorithm treats the source and target languages in a symmetric fashion.

In this short paper, we outline our basic algorithm and some extensions for using context and positional information, and compare its alignment accuracy on the Romanian-English data for the shared task with IBM Model 4 and the reported results from the prior workshop.


The default and difficulty of the theory frame of cyclic definition in a Tbox of the description logic ALCN is analysed by means of syntax and semantics.Then,the model construction methods for cyclic Tbox of ALCN is mainly discussed,in which negation,intersection of concepts and union of concepts are not existed with all relations depth being one.


Background. Brain metastases occur in approximately 8–15% of patients with testicular germ cell tumors and invariably are associated with relapse at other sites, most commonly the lungs, or as a terminal event.


ABSTRACT This article reports on a study that examined the saving behaviour of farmers in southern Ghana, using a sample of 100 citrus farmers. Probit and Tobit models were used in determining the factors that influence farmers' saving behaviours and amount of saved, respectively. The empirical findings showed that age, household size, dependency, marital status, distance to financial institution, transport cost and congestion exerted significant negative impact on farmers' saving behaviours. On the other hand, income, education, and gender tended to promote good saving behaviour. The article concludes that heterogeneity of factors ranging from socio-economic, household assets, and institutional factors greatly stimulate farmers' saving behaviour.


An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, and it is applied to optimize the parameters of support vector machine. The typical Mackey-Glass chaos sequence is predicted through the optimized SVM, when comprised with the normal PSO algorithm, simulation results show that the arrived errors are far smaller than the corresponding part of normal PSO algorithm.


The paper presents a study of empirical scaling of energy confinement observed experimentally in stellarator/heliotron devices (Heliotron E, Wendelstein VII-A, L2, Heliotron DR) for plasmas heated by electron cyclotron heating and/or neutral beam injection. The proposed scaling of the gross energy confinement time is: , where P is the absorbed power (MW), n is the line average electron density (1020 m−3), B is the magnetic field strength on the plasma axis (T), a is the average minor radius (m) and R is the major radius (m). The empirical scaling of the density limit obtainable under the optimum condition is proposed to be: . These scalings for helical systems are compared with those in tokamaks. The energy confinement scaling has a similar power dependence as the L-mode scaling of tokamaks. The density limit scaling for helical systems seems to indicate an upper limit of the achievable density similar to that in many tokamaks. From the energy confinement time and the density limit , a beta limit can be derived: , which can be lower than the stability/equilibrium beta limit. Thus, from the viewpoint of designing a machine, the values of B, a and R should be selected with care because the dependence of the confinement time (or nτET) and of the above beta limit on these values is different.


A novel profile for school managers and the inherent characteristics for a democratic management in government-run schools are discussed. Current analysis comprises a brief historical note on previous school administration / management and investigates such concepts as democratic management, leadership and ethics. Based on research among teachers and inferences of several academics on the subject and author´s arguments, the paper deals synthetically on the principles, values and characteristics that should foreground the school´s democratic administration. Bibliographical research is employed with one´s own arguments and based on a field research among teachers of a high school in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The administrator´s new profile is provided within the context of democratization of the Brazilian public school.


The purpose of this project is to apply the theories , of the educational reformer, John Dewey, to the discipline of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Dewey's 1 revelations on the importance of experiential learning provide the foundation of the place-based curriculum movement in regular education. This project puts forth a j framework to incorporate community investigation, outdoor i education, and project-based learning into an EFL curriculum that is taught in the area of Big Bear Lake, l California. This project also features a curriculum component consisting of team-building activities aimed at J increasing self-esteem and intercultural communicative i competence. Five key concepts serve in the development of the ! curriculum design: background and present theories of experiential education; the importance of place-based ! curriculum and instruction; team-building; intercultural , communicative competence, and second language acquisition theories. The above concepts, though different in nature, intersect to provide the basis for a curriculum plan that emphasizes direct experience and students' in-depth knowledge of place. In light of the need for intercultural


Family is an important environment to form, nurture and educate human personality, preserve and promote good family culture, and fight against social evils. Family is the first place and also the last place to perform emotional and moral education, lifestyle for people in particular, and family culture in general. In the process of international integration, along with the development of social life, the work of caring for and developing family culture has achieved great achievements, contributing to the success of the goal of building a family. Vietnam is prosperous, equal, progressive, civilized, and happy. However, in that context, it also puts family culture in front of changes and many difficulties and challenges. Therefore, building and developing a family culture in the process of international integration is a significant issue in building a healthy cultural environment, which is the mission to found, form personality, and good qualities for the Vietnamese today with the aspiration to build a prosperous and happy nation.


In this paper we developed a control scheme starting from Bond Graph representation of the Quanser Flexible link experiment. The objective of the experiment is to design a control system that positions the flexible arm as well as regulating vibration. The structure of the control scheme uses two types of control methods. In order to achieve a faster or robust response together with optimal control, we computed two model predictive controllers. LQR control and MPC control are based on the optimization of the cost function, except that MPC control handles constraints in the optimization.


Abstract : A self-shoring adhesive system is provided for adhering rubber to steel in a marine environment. The adhesive composition is comprised of a DGEBA-type epoxy resin cured near stoichiometry with a polyamide resin and filled with a mixture of carbon black and a fumed colloidal silica. (Author)


Data of electric transport, magnetic susceptibility, and NMR in P-doped silicon are examined to give a picture of metal-non metal transition in doped semiconductor : the metallic transition is percolation of donor clusters which have undergone local Mott transition. Experiments below 1K suggest a possibility for electrons in metallic samples to condense into new phases at very low temperatures.


A well-known fact in blind deconvolution is that if the unknown source signal is white (temporally) and the unknown channel filter is minimum phase, it is possible to determine the inverse filter (equalizer) by evaluating simply the power spectral density (PSD) of the received signal. For blind source separation, however, a similar special case, equivalent to the situation in blind deconvolution, is not reported. In this paper, we identify the special conditions for which the solution of the blind source separation problem can be identified using only second order statistics of the observed mixtures. In this special case, the equivalent of minimum phase channel turns out to be a symmetric mixing matrix, and the equivalent of temporally white input signal translates to uncorrelated source signals. A fast-converging and robust on-line blind source separation algorithm using a recently introduced principal components analysis (PCA) algorithm named SIPEX-G is also presented and its performance is evaluated in simulations of source separation.


4530 Background: A subset (10-20%) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors evades the immune system through expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), and these tumors are associated...


Summary and Conclusions 1. Alpha-2 and beta lipoproteins in starch gel migrated close to the origin, whereas alpha-1 lipoproteins migrated in the postalbumin region. 2. Some of the causes of inconsistencies of lipoprotein patterns in starch gel are discussed.


The effect of different soil amendment (potassium polyacrylate; polyacrylamide;potassium humate; potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate; polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) on soil physical and chemical properties in oat field was studied. The results showed that different soil amendments increase significantly the soil organic matter, available N, available P and available K content by 8.24%-30.22%, 7.60%-19.29%, 5.15%-29.45% and 27.86%-68.86% respectively. Soil water content at 0-60 cm depth is higher with soil amendment. But soil amendment has no effect on the soil water content at 60-100 cm soil depth. At the same time, soil amendments reduce the soil bulk density at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm depths, and they produce no obvious effect on soil bulk density at 60-100 cm depth. The proportion of > 0.25 mm soil aggregate at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth is increased significantly by applying soil amendment. Among five aggregate sizes (> 2 mm; 2-1 mm; 1-0.5 mm; 0.5-0.25 mm; 2 mm and 2-1 mm soil aggregates are the most. In conclusion, the mixing use of two kinds of soil amendments(potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate and polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) is more effective for improving soil physical and chemical properties.


Mechanical properties are very important when choosing a material for a specific application. They help to determine the range of usefulness of a material, establish the service life, and classify and identify materials. The size effect on mechanical properties has been well established numerically and experimentally. However, the role of the size effect combined with boundary and loading conditions on mechanical properties remains unknown. In this paper, by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the state-of-the-art ReaxFF force field, we study mechanical properties of amorphous silica (e.g., Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio) as a function of domain size, full-/semi-periodic boundary condition, and tensile/compressive loading. We found that the domain-size effect on Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is much more significant in semi-periodic domains compared to full-periodic domains. The results, for the first time, revealed the bimodular and anisotropic nature of amorphous silica at the atomic level. We also defined a "safe zone" regarding the domain size, where the bulk properties of amorphous silica can be reproducible, while the computational cost and accuracy are in balance.


The article mainly presents specialities of the IAPWS-IF97 formulation based on contrast between the IFC-67 formulation and the IAPWS-IF97 formulation ,and presents the all-purpose computational model by the IAPWS-IF97 formulation .The article also presents the software for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of water and steam based on the IAPWS-IF97 formulation . It is proven that the IAPWS-IF97 formulation has many merits such as quick computational speed and high precision , which has become the new international standard .


Introduction: In this study, we examined the real-world impact of research evidence on the use of and indications for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (before and after COURAGE Trial public...


This research aimed to explain about how family education in Quran. Researcher wanted to reveal: Firstly, the meaning of Family in Quran, Secondly, the aspects of Family Education in Alquran, Thirdly, How is the Family Education in Quran. This research was used the thematic method (Maudu'i), that is the interpretation by codifying all verses of the holy Qur'an related to the family education, then it was discussed critically, deeply and comprehended from all aspects with the intention to build a concept detailed and holistically about the problems related to family education in the Alquran. The primary sources used in this research was Alquran and Hadits of Prophet Muhammad saw. While the secondary sources was literatures related to the sources of the Study about Alquran in terms of Family education. Both obtained from the interpretation books or from the varieties of dictionary, the argumentations of scientists, the experts of Islamic Education, the books about Islamic studies and also general science, encyclopedia and also the digital sources. The results revealed that family education in the view of Alquran is an educational process that was carried out by parents in the family (household). Family education in the Alquran that should be taught was a faith education, religious education and moral education. Family Education contains nine commands, they were: a) Do good to parents, b). Thanks be to God and parents, c). Communicate well to Parents, d). Following the pattern of life from the Prophets, e). Enforcing prayer, f). Sent to goodness. g). Preventing bad deeds, h) Simple in the life, and i). be polite in communication.


The malignant potential of adenomas of the colon and rectum varies with size, histologic type and grade of atypical epithelium. Villous adenomas are usually large and have a much higher cancer rate. So we made implication of adenoma-carcinoma sequence for the design of cancer prevention programs and the study of the etiology of large bowel cancer by use of the eleven cases of villous adenoma which were experienced during the period from 1979 to 1987 years at the National Medical Center of Korea. The results were as follows:1) Of the 11 cases of villous adenoma, six patients had benign and the rest five had malignant. The ratio of male to female was 2 : 9. 2) The average size of the tumors was 5.1±2.8 cm and there was no difference in size between benign and malignant. 3) The more advanced the stage of malignant villous adenoma were, the more the number of synchronous adenomas they had. 4) One case of the villous adenoma was located in right colon, and others 10 cases were in rectum. 5) The modes of treatment were submucosal excision through the anus, Park's pull through operation, anterior resection and A-P resection according to sigmoidoscopic height from anal verge. 6) Histopathologic examinations revealed the sequential morphologic changes-atypia, carcinoma in situ, deterioration of basement membrane and invasion through the line of muscularis mucosa.


Cohort studies can broadly be defined as any non-interventional study in which a group of individuals are recruited (at any point in their lives) and followed up over time. Since the inception of t...


To address the information loss problem in the process of discretizing continuous attributes for one airborne radar intelligence system, this paper proposes a discretization method based on the improved FCM(Fuzzy c-means) algorithm through an analysis of the existing attribute discretization methods. This method improves the original algorithm by introducing the fuzzy decision theory and the validity index which is based on the geometric structure of the dataset, and uses this method to make the continuous attributes fuzzy. It overcomes the shortcomings that the conventional fuzzy clustering method must use two prespecified parameters—the weighted index m and the number of clusters c, and does not consider the specified attribute values of the dataset. We use the proposed method to discretize the continuous attributes in the airborn radar intelligence database and experimental results show that the scheme is feasible and effective.


The behavior of fabric structures and of coated and uncoated fabric material under different loading conditions, prestress, snow and wind loads is described in general terms. The paper tries to explain some of the characteristics of fabric behavior using a triangular truss model that was originally proposed by Mef fert in 1978 for PVC-coated polyester fabric; the model has been modified to include slack-elastic material behavior. The limitations of this model are discussed, and a case is argued for a simple and adequate fabric model. To determine the required fabric parameters from simple tests, a possible strategy is outlined. Some reference is made to the current state of knowledge on the shear stiffness of coated fabrics and the need for more detailed studies is stated.


The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) grows in the Mediterranean region and other dry climates, and its fruit contain important essential oils with potential antioxidant capacity. The carob tree is an important product for Cyprus and its fruit is used in various products with haroupomelo (carob honey) being the most common. The carob essential oil has not been researched up to now, neither quantitatively or qualitatively.
 The present research work aimed at the retrieval of essential oils from milled carobs using various methodologies and the optimization of the method's parameters (extraction time and product:solvent ratio). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity, terpene content and total phenols were measured.
 Results indicate that the optimum extaction method for carobs regarding yield, terpenes and total phenolic content is the ultrasonic bath. On the other hand, the conventional hydrodistillation gave the lowest results for essential oil yield, total terpenic and phenolic content. It was also observed that an increase in solvent of more than 250mL did not lead to a corresponding increase either in essential oil yield or amount of bioactive compounds (total phenols and total terpenes). Similar results were observed for an increase in extraction time of more than 2 hours.
 Concerning the essential oil antioxidant capacity, the oil received from the ultrasonic bath had the highest antioxidant capacity, with the increase of solvent up to 250mL. Moreover, the increase in time to up to two hours resulted to essential oils with higher antioxidant capacity. An exemption was observed with the DPPH method, where the optimum extraction time for the energy-assisted methods (Soxtec and ultrasonic bath) was one hour. Finally, the essential oils resulting from maceration and hydrodistillation presented the lowest antioxidant capacity measured with the FRAP and DPPH assay, respectively.


The research is a Classroom Action Research with the subject of 38 students of class XI IPA 4. The research is aimed at improving the learning outcome of biology subject with the implementation of scientific approach and Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The research was conducted in two cycles. There were 4 steps in a cycle: planning, doing, observing, and reflecting. There was an evaluation after each cycle by using an instrument that had been validated and tested for its reliability and its difficulty level. The research result shows the scientific approach and Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve the learning outcome of biology subject. It can be seen from the average score of class XI IPA 4 which is 65,3 or 41 percent from 39 students. In the first cycle, it became 74,4 or about 61 percent. The average score improved in the second cycle into 86,2 with the completeness of 84 percent from 38 students. Besides cognitive, the learning outcome was also measured from affective and psychomotor sides. The research result shows that the average score of students affective in cycle I is 74,2 and cycle II is 84,2 while the average score of psychomotor aspect in cycle I is 74,3 and improved in cycle II into 80,4. Based on the result achieved, it can be inferred that the effort of improving the learning outcome of biology subject at the class of XI IPA 4 of SMA Negeri 10 Bogor using Scientific approach and Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is successful.


Background: Children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities generally manifest problem behaviours and have impaired social maturity. The children with autism spectrum disorders have lower social skills and exhibit more challenging behaviours such as self-injury, stereotypical behaviour, impulsivity and hyperactivity as compared to children with intellectual disabilities. Duragana, Rea, & Ivana (2014) found that children with autism spectrum disorders manifested lower adaptive behaviour and exhibited more maladaptive behaviours than children with intellectual disabilities [1].

Methods: Research team assessed the social maturity and problem behaviour in a purposive sample of children (n=50) with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect research data from informants on Parental Interview Schedule (PIS), Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA), Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) and Behavioral Assessment Scale for Indian Children with Mental Retardation Part–B (BASIC-MR-B). The relationships were explored between social maturity and problem behaviour with respect to gender, birth weight, birth cry and parents consanguineous marriage of children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities.

Results: Pearson's correlation co-efficient (r) was calculated and it was found that social maturity has no correlation with problem behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorders (r =0.015, p<0.01) and in children with intellectual disabilities (r =0.366, p<0.01). The results of the qualitative analysis showed that there is a significant difference between children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities with respect to their socio-demographic profiles. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the social maturity and problem behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities with respect to gender, birth weight, birth cry and parents consanguineous marriage were statistically insignificant. Results of this study are discussed pertaining to the assessment of social maturity and problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions: Present study concluded that there is no association between social maturity and problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities, and it was also observed that there is a significant difference in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities with respect to their sociodemographic variables.


Time series of historical annual average temperature, total precipitation, and extreme weather indices were constructed and analyzed for 103 (for temperature indices) and 115 (for precipitation indices) U.S. cities with climate records starting earlier than 1900. Mean rate of change and related 95% confidence bounds were calculated for each city using linear regression for the full periods of record. Box–Cox transformations of some time series of climate records were performed to address issues of non-normal distribution. Thirteen cities among the nine U.S. climate regions were selected and further evaluated with adequacy diagnoses and analyses for each month. The results show that many U.S. cities exhibit long-term historical increases in annual average temperature and precipitation, although there are spatial and temporal variations in the observed trends among the cities. Some cities in the Ohio Valley and Southeast regions exhibit decreasing or statistically nonsignificant increasing trends in temperatures. Many of the cities exhibiting statistically significant increases in precipitation are in the Northeast and Upper Midwest regions. The records for the cities are individually unique in both annual and monthly change, and cities within the same climate region sometimes exhibit substantially different changes. Within the full periods of record, discernible decade-long subtrends were observed for some cities; consequently, analysis of selected shorter periods can lead to inconclusive and biased results. These statistical analyses of constructed time series of city-specific long-term historical climate records provide detailed historical climate change information for cities across the United States.


Web login security by using OTP (One Time Password) which generates a code via SMS to authenticate a login activity. OTP sent to the user / user will be matched with data stored in a database, so that when logging in the user / user will not only be asked for a username and password as security but will also be asked for an OTOP Code which will be sent via SMS to cell phone user / user. By conducting research methods that include Data Collection, Analysis and Conclusion, the author can conclude the problems and solutions that can be given. Active time for securing logins with SMSbased OTP for one to 3 minutes, these restrictions are useful for narrowing the hacker time to tap and infiltrate .


Since its introduction, e-cigarettes have evoked strongly opposed views and much passion from both proponents and opponents. The proponents of e-cigarettes view the product as an effective smoking cessation tool and a potential savior for millions of smokers. They argue that the vapor based system in e-cigarettes is a much safer mode of nicotine delivery than the combustion system in conventional cigarettes. Opponents view it as a product that at best introduces new bad habits, renormalizes smoking and may even serve as a gateway to smoking in non-smokers. The existing body of literature on the issue, while impressive, is far from conclusive. There is much more to be determined about e-cigarettes before informed decisions can be made about their safety and effectiveness. This article intends to summarize and analyze the scientific arguments raised from both perspectives on e-cigarettes.


The magnetic properties of bulk Co40.2Pt59.8 alloys were investigated during eutectoid decomposition to form the nano-chessboard structure. The nano-chessboard consists of nanorods of the magnetically hard L10 phase coherently embedded in a magnetically soft L12 matrix, with a periodicity on the order of 2540nm. This two-plus-one dimensional structure provides an interesting avenue for investigations into exchange coupling and its effect on permanent magnetic properties in the bulk material. First-order reversal curve measurements, coupled with transmission electron microscopy, show the evolution of the hard phase, characterized by extensive local interactions and the development of strong but incomplete exchange coupling between the hard and soft phases in the nano-chessboard. The soft phase shows evidence of both magnetizing and demagnetizing interactions.


In this paper, we prove that the Ricci tensor of a threedimensional almost Kenmotsu manifold satisfying ∇ξh = 0, h 6= 0, is η-parallel if and only if the manifold is locally isometric to either the Riemannian product H(−4) × R or a non-unimodular Lie group equipped with a left invariant non-Kenmotsu almost Kenmotsu structure.


A slotted-rod structure was investigated to obtain the maximum fibre density of high-fibre-count cables. A 500-fibre cable with a fibre density of 1.5 fibres/mm2 was designed and manufactured. The manufactured cable was composed of 10-fibre ribbons inserted into the designed slots. The optical losses of the cabled single-mode fibres were confirmed to be stable at 1.3 and 1.55 ?m. This cable has the highest fibre density of existing optical cables.


An active oolitic sand wave was monitored for a period of 37 days in order to address the relationship between the direction and strength of tidal currents and the resultant geometry, and amount and direction of migration of bedforms in carbonate sands. The study area is situated in a tidal channel near Lee Stocking Island (Exumas, Bahamas) containing an estimated 5.5 to 6 × 105 m3 of mobile oolitic sand. Tidal ranges within the inlet are microtidal and the maximum current velocity at the studied site is 0.6 m s−1. At least 300–400 m3 of mostly oolitic sand are formed within, or brought into, the channel area every year. The tidal inlet is subdivided into an ocean‐orientated segment, in which sand waves are shaped by both flood and ebb tides, and a platform‐orientated segment, where sand waves are mainly shaped by flood tides. The studied sand wave lies on the platformward flood‐tide dominated segment in a water depth of 188.8.131.52 m. During the 37 days of observation, the oolitic and bioclastic sand wave migrated 4 m in the direction of the dominant flood current. The increments of migration were directly related to the strength of the tide.


Description of new species Euschizomerus devagiriensis sp. nov. from south India, synonymisation of Euschizomerus schuhi Kirschenhofer, 2000 with E. indicus Jedlicka, 1955, redescriptions and new records of the earlier reported Indian species with a key to the species are provided.


The arguments favoring fewer land fragments on a farmer‐by‐farmer basis are many and includes reduced travel times, less boundary waste, feasibility of larger‐scale productive investment, and ease supervision of labor to name a few. Thus, it is not surprising to find some of the earlier empirical research a priori assuming land fragmentation as an indicator of productive inefficiency (Bardhan 1973). On the other hand, opponents of land consolidation programs note the benefits of fragmented land holdings to reduce risk and encouraging more diversified production. In India, an additional problem associated with land consolidation programs from a distributional aspect is that such programs tend to benefit those with larger land holdings more than those with smaller holdings since the implicit costs of land fragmentation are higher for larger farms (Mearns 1999). It has been suggested that fragmented land holdings allow producers to be more adaptive to certain circumstances but may more non‐adaptive when factor prices and technology changes (McClosky 1975). In the end, the issue of whether or not land fragmentation negatively affects agricultural productivity is an empirical one. To quantify the degree of land fragmentation a variety of different methods and indicators have been proposed and includes include number of plots, distances to plots, and an index capturing dissimilarities across farmed plots of land (i.e. Simpsons Index). From the perspective of an individual farmer or household, we can think of fragmentation as touching on spatial dispersion, number of fragments, and dissimilarity in fragments or a combination of these. In this paper we consider each of these dimensions in more detail and argue that much of the related research considers only one or two of these dimensions or does not adequately distinguish among them making effective targeting of policy difficult. For example, Simpson's index, an oft used measure to quantify the degree of land fragmentation, combines variation in areas among fragments with the number of fragments at the household level making it impossible to distinguish between these two dimensions. A major contribution of this study is to consider these three conceptually distinct dimensions of land fragmentation separately and to examine how they impact agricultural productivity. In particular we use the Rural Economic Development Survey (REDS) and estimate a Cobb‐Douglas production function to determine the effect fragmentation has on productivity. By breaking down fragmentation into these three dimensions we are better able to disentangle and asses the importance of the different aspects commonly associated to fragmentation. Our results indicate the number of fragments dimension has a significantly negative impact on productivity. Furthermore, the two other dimensions spatial disconnect and variability in area, do not significantly impact productivity having controlled for the number of fragments. The next section recounts the related literature and is followed by a discussion of different fragmentation measures including a decomposition of Simpson's index. The next section presents a framework to test the impact of different fragmentation measures on fragmentation and is followed by a description of the REDS data used for estimation. We then present and discuss the results of our analysis and round out the paper with a discussion of the implications of our findings.


Permanent magnet (PM) linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) can be integrated with a high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic suspension system to be used in such as electromagnetic aircraft launcher and maglev transportation which have a levitated object moving on a long linear track. T his paper presents the design and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of a long-primary single-si ded PMLSM for a HTS bulk-PM guideway repulsion magnetic suspension propulsion system. Based on the characteristics and performance analysis of the PMLSM, a new type of HTS suspension propulsion system driven by a double-sided PMLSM with an optimal PM structure is then proposed. The running characteristics of the linear propulsion systems are studied throug h finite element analysis (FEA) with comprehensive performance results obtained for practical development.


The invention provides an interleaved and parallel working direct-current (DC) step-down circuit. The interleaved and parallel working DC step-down circuit comprises two buck circuits which are in parallel connection, wherein the input terminals of the buck circuits are connected to an input power supply voltage detecting circuit, an input power supply and the input power supply voltage detecting circuit are in parallel connection, and the output terminals of the buck circuits are connected to an output power supply voltage detecting circuit through a relay control circuit. The interleaved and parallel working DC step-down circuit further comprises a singlechip microcomputer (SCM), wherein the five ports of the SCM are respectively connected with the two buck circuits, the relay control circuit, the input power supply voltage detecting circuit and the output power supply voltage detecting circuit. The interleaved and parallel working DC step-down circuit further comprises an auxiliary DC power supply conversion circuit which is used for supplying power to the two buck circuits, the relay control circuit and the SCM. Through the interleaved and parallel work of the two buck circuits, the heat dissipation is easier, the electromagnetic conduction interference of the circuit is effectively lowered, the power loss of a follow-current working stage is reduced, and the efficiency of a system is higher.


Data modeling can be regarded as a series of processes to abstract real-world business concerns. The conceptual modeling phase is often regarded as the most difficult stage in the entire modeling process, because quite different conceptual models may be produced even for similar business domains based on users` varying requirements and the data modelers` diverse perceptions of the requirements. This implies that an object considered as an entity in one domain may be considered as an attribute in another, and vice versa. However, many traditional knowledge-based automated database design systems unfortunately fail to construct appropriate Entity-Relationship Diagrams(ERDs) for a given set of requirements due to the rigid assumption that an object should be classified as an entity if it has been classified as an entity in previous applications. In this paper, we propose an alternative automation system which can generate ERDs from business descriptions using association rule mining technique. Our system can be differentiated from the traditional ones in that our system can perform data modeling only based on business description written by domain workers, rather than relying on any kind of knowledge base. Since the proposed system can produce various versions of ERDs from the same business descriptions simultaneously, users can have the opportunity to choose one of the ERDs as being the most appropriate, based on their business environment and requirements. We performed a case study for personnel management in a university to evaluate the practicability of the proposed system This paper summarizes the result of it in the experiment section.


Background As part of its colourful history, the menopause was described in 1887 as "the inability of the ovaries to retire in graceful old age…transmitting their irritation to the brain… and leading to extreme nervousness or an outburst of actual insanity.1" The term used for the menopause in 1899 was indeed climacteric insanity!2 Menopause occurs with the cessation of ovarian function. It is present when there has been a period of amenorrhea for 12 consecutive months with no underlying pathological cause and it occurs at a mean age of 51 years. Prior to the menopause the patient is subjected to a period of fluctuation in estrogen levels, with menstrual irregularity as the main characteristic.3


Baku Azerbaijan Abstract Some estimations in below for the deviations conducted by the Zygmund means and by the Abel-Poisson sums in the weighted Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent are obtained. In the classical Lebesgue spaces these estimations were proved by M. F. Timan. The considered weight functions satisfy the well known Muckenhout condition. For the proofs of main results some estimations obtained in the classical weighted Lebesgue spaces and also an extrapolation theorem proved in the weighted variable exponent Lebesgue spaces are used. Main results are new even in the nonweighted variable exponent


AbstractBackground: Renal colic is one of the most sever forms of pain in humans. Renal colic affects nearly 1.2 million people each year and accounts for nearly 1% of all hospital admissions. Having a family member with a history of stones doubles there rates.Aim of Study: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunct treatment in acute renal colic pain in patients who are not responding to conventional treatment (NSAIDs or Opioids) at the Emergency Department and to evaluate the role of I.V magnesium sulfate in dimin-ishing the need for additional doses of NSAIDs or opioids in treatment of acute renal colic.Material and Methods: This study designed as a rand-omized clinical trial. Patients (18-60 years) having acute renal colic pain attending E.R and not responding to traditional treatment (30mg of intravenous ketorolac added to 10ml saline) and they are divided into two groups including 96 subjects: First Group included (48 patients) is the standard treatment group using NSAIDs, second group included (48 subjects) is the intervention group using Mg Sulphate. Vital signs to all patients including pulse rate, blood pressure (systolic/diastolic), respiratory rate, O2 saturation%, temper-ature (Celsius) and Severity of patient's pain by visual analogue scale (VAS) was measured twice to each group in the study periods 30 minutes after beginning of treatment and 60 minutes later.Results: 96 cases were randomly allocated to intervention or control group. There was a significant statistical difference in between study groups regarding pain severity at 30 and 60 minutes; the intervention group showed much better pain relief on VAS than the control group.


In the first part of this article we present the evolution of Spanish authorities towards cultural diversity in schools, in the context of a marked increase in the number of immigrant families in Spain in the last decade. This shows how models based on exclusion and segregation have been replaced by programmes focusing on the integration of immigrant children, leading to programmes providing intercultural education. The current tendency is to develop intercultural education through educational projects which respect cultural pluralism and embrace the whole school population. In a second part, we examine questions and issued of relations between schools and immigrant parents in the context of the necessity of involving parents in this process. This provides empirical findings concerning support for parents with language problems and how stronger family-school communication has been reinforced.


Drought assessment is necessary for creating adaptation and resilience measures for the livelihoods of the affected communities. This study assessed drought trends in Kenya's Upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin (UENB) from 1981 to 2020. A Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a precipitation-based index, and a Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), a multivariate index that considers the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET), were used to evaluate drought severity and frequency over varying timescales. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for 10 stations within the basin were analyzed to calculate the SPI and SPEI time series values for 3, 6, and 12 months. The results demonstrate an alarming increase in the severity and frequency of drought events in the UENB since 1999. Additionally, the study reveals that the SPI and SPEI indices differ in identifying temporal and spatial drought characteristics, with longer timescales showing improved accuracy. Notably, the SPEI identifies more extensive and severe drought periods in the region compared to the SPI. The research findings are crucial in guiding policy decisions related to SDGs as they provide valuable information on drought trends necessary for implementing effective drought adaptation and resilience measures and promoting sustainable development in the UENB.


Purpose of review This review covers the cause, evaluation and treatment options for gastroparesis. Symptoms of delayed gastric emptying are increasingly seen by gastroenterologists and gastrointestinal surgeons. Endoscopy – both laparoscopic and flexible – is increasingly important in treatment algorithms for this problem. Recent findings Gastroparesis is increasingly being seen in clinical practice. A progressive algorithm needs to be followed in these challenging cases: starting with medical treatment and diet modification, progressing through endoscopic treatments including new ones such as per-oral pyloromyotomy, and finally laparoscopic treatments including gastrectomy. Summary Endoscopic interventions are effective treatments for certain gastroparesis patients. New procedures offer a minimally invasive alternative to more radical options and should probably be more widely adopted.


The annual report and proceedings for the year 2009 are published. 11 Council meetings, 10 General meetings and 15 Excursions including 2 Workshops were conducted. Information regarding membership, publications , Awards, Grants and Donations are also mentioned.


A method for the extraction of oospores of Peronospora viciae from soil is described. Approximately 75% of the oospores added to silty clay loam and loamy sand soil samples were recovered. Percentage recovery was independent of oospore density. This extraction method did not affect viability as determined by the tetrazolium bromide test and a germination assay and may therefore be used to study survival of oospores. Numbers of oospores extracted from soil samples taken from seven fields naturally infested with oospores of P. viciae f.sp. pisi ranged from 2 to 21 oospores per g soil. Oospore density was not significantly correlated with disease incidence as determined by a bioassay.


The structure of particles in a mixture of Bi2O3 smoke and WO3 smoke prepared by gas evaporation have been investigated using crystal lattice images obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy. The particles consist of Bi2O3·WO3, 7Bi2O3·WO3 and 7Bi2O3·2WO3, as well as Bi2O3 and WO3 and peritectic mixtures and eutectic mixtures formed by these oxides. The peritectic oxides are precipitated in two parts–one phase rich in the center and the other phase on the surface layer. The eutectic oxices are segregated into two phases in lamella form, with definite mutual lattice orientations. The crystals are formed by coalescence of Bi2O3 and WO3 particles above 400°C, and result in low-temperature phases presented in the phase diagram.


Aircraft design has been progressing toward reduced structural weight to improve fuel efficiency, increase performance, and reduce cost. Lightweight aircraft structures are more flexible than conventional designs and require new design considerations. Intelligent sensing allows for enhanced control and monitoring of aircraft, which enables increased structurally efficiency. The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) has developed an instrumentation system and analysis techniques that combine to make distributed structural measurements practical for lightweight vehicles. Dryden's Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (FOSS) technology enables a multitude of lightweight, distributed surface strain measurements. The analysis techniques, referred to as the Displacement Transfer Functions (DTF) and Load Transfer Functions (LTF), use surface strain values to calculate structural deflections and operational loads. The combined system is useful for real-time monitoring of aeroelastic structures, along with many other applications. This paper describes how the capabilities of the measurement system were demonstrated using subscale test articles that represent simple aircraft structures. Empirical FOSS strain data were used within the DTF to calculate the displacement of the article and within the LTF to calculate bending moments due to loads acting on the article. The results of the tests, accuracy of the measurements, and a sensitivity analysis are presented. I. Introduction


A graphics processing unit is described, a graphics processing unit has a single processor, such a processor having a local data share corresponding to one or more SIMD processing units and the one or more SIMD processing units, this local data sharing It includes one or more low latency access for the individual groups of allocated threads to one or more execution wavefront (execution wavefronts) available memory area (low latency accessible memory regions), and a global data share one for each group of threads It includes at least low latency memory area.


Abstract : Cats were trained to produce sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) in one brain hemisphere and to suppress it in the contralateral hemisphere. Rewarding brain stimulation was delivered automatically to the lateral hypothalamus when trains of SMR of specified duration and amplitude appeared only in the trained hemisphere. Evoked potentials induced bilaterally in the sensory-motor cortex by stimulation of radiations from the nucleus ventralis posteriolateralis of the thalamus were photographed and measured prior to, during, and following training. Unilateral SMR production could be achieved, but this training procedure had no systematic effect on thalamocortical evoked potentials; although changes unique to each of the three animals tested occurred more frequently in the trained hemisphere.


The invention discloses a tree-body protecting method of a transplanted tree. Firstly, a straw mat/a straw rope is prepared according to the breast height diameter and the height of the tree and soaked in water; the straw mat/the straw rope soaked in water is taken out, and sterilization and insecticide mixed liquor is sprayed on the surface of the straw mat/the straw rope; the processed straw mat/the processed straw rope wraps the trunk from the root neck portion of the tree to the upper side and is tied firmly, as for a large tree body, main branches need to be wrapped, and as for the cut-off tree, a 20cm sprouting zone is left on the upper portion; plastic films wrap the outside of the straw mat/the straw rope and are fixed. The tree-body protecting method of the transplanted tree has the advantages that the original effects of mechanical damage prevention, frost damage prevention and sunburn prevention of the tree body of the transplanted tree are achieved; meanwhile, water is continuously supplemented to the tree body after transplantation, water evaporation of the tree body is reduced, balance of the water in the tree body is kept, the transplantation success rate and the survival rate of the tree can be obviously improved, and meanwhile diseases and insect pests lurking in bark can be prevented and treated.


The chronic disease of the kidney known as nephrosis is now considered a distinct clinical entity. Davison and Salinger 1 and others have demonstrated on autopsy material that the renal damage in nephrosis is largely tubular, and for this reason they suggest the use of the term tubular nephritis rather than the term nephrosis. It is not always easy to differentiate this condition from other forms of nephritis. A pure form of tubular nephritis is probably present only during the initial stage, and mixed forms occur as the disease progresses. Davison and Salinger 1 pointed this out. Elwyn 2 was of the opinion that cases of glomerular nephritis may, in course of time, merge into the tubular form. We have under observation at the present time a case in which just such a transition seems to be taking place. The outstanding clinical features of tubular nephritis, apparently characteristic of only


Image retargeting changes the aspect ratio of images while aiming to preserve content and minimise noticeable distortion. Fast and high-quality methods are particularly relevant at present, due to the large variety of image and display aspect ratios. We propose a retargeting method that quantifies and limits warping distortions with the use of content-aware cropping. The pipeline of the proposed approach consists of the following steps. First, an importance map of a source image is generated using deep semantic segmentation and saliency detection models. Then, a preliminary warping mesh is computed using axis aligned deformations [1], enhanced with the use of a distortion measure to ensure low warping deformations. Finally, the retargeted image is produced using a content-aware cropping algorithm. In order to evaluate our method, we perform a user study based on the RetargetMe benchmark. Experimental analyses show that our method outperforms recent approaches, while running in a fraction of their execution time.


This paper discusses a suit of protocols that is applicable to the GPS monitoring system in details based on the introduction of the network compose. In order to solve the problem of the sharing access to the communication channel, a channel accessing method called visiting on time by inviting on group (VTBIG) is designed, the method takes out good effect in application.


The study of compound-target binding profiles has been a central theme in cheminformatics. For data repositories that only provide positive binding profiles, a popular assumption is all unreported profiles are negative. In this paper, we caution audience not to take such assumption for granted. Under a problem setting where binding profiles are used as features to train predictive models, we present empirical evidence that (1) predictive performance degrades when the assumption fails and (2) specific recovery of unreported profiles improves predictive performance. In particular, we propose a joint framework of profile recovery and supervised learning, which shows further performance improvement. The presented study not only calls for more careful treatment of unreported profiles in cheminformatics, but also initiates a new machine learning problem as we called "Learning with Positive and Unknown Features".


Significance High-entropy alloys, an exciting new class of structural materials involving many concentrated elements, are generally assumed to be chemically disordered. This work reveals how magnetic interactions can drive atomic-scale ordering in a mechanically interesting system that has been widely studied as a model for many promising alloys. The formation of short-range order in this manner is used to explain experimental anomalies, suggesting that many related materials could contain similarly impactful ordering under standard conditions. This possibility offers solutions to outstanding questions concerning CrCoNi and emphasizes the importance of magnetism and short-range order in related high-entropy alloys. The presence, nature, and impact of chemical short-range order in the multi-principal element alloy CrCoNi are all topics of current interest and debate. First-principles calculations reveal that its origins are fundamentally magnetic, involving repulsion between like-spin Co–Cr and Cr–Cr pairs that is complemented by the formation of a magnetically aligned sublattice of second-nearest-neighbor Cr atoms. Ordering models following these principles are found to predict otherwise anomalous experimental measurements concerning both magnetization and atomic volumes across a range of compositions. In addition to demonstrating the impact of magnetic interactions and resulting chemical rearrangement, the possible explanation of experiments would imply that short-range order of this type is far more prevalent than previously realized.


Nano-alloys or nano-structure often display novel physical, and chemical properties. It is of great scientific and engineering meanings to deposit micronano structure on macro-component surface to locally achieve nano-properties for potential applications. Nanoporous copper coatings(NPCC) with pnanopore size ranging from 30 to 50nm have been fabricated in our preliminary work by laser depositing Cu-Mn alloy coatings on carbon steel and subsequently dealloying process in hydrochloric acid solution. The porosity and specific surface area reaches as high as 70% and 65.3 m2/g respectively. The as-formed NPCC was then further processed by electroless plating a thin layer of Ni. This paper focus on the structure evolution of nanoporous Cu-Ni composite coatings, Ni-decorated nanoporous copper coatings(Ni-NPCC), with an average pore size of 30nm, porosity of 50% and specific surface area of 40m2/g. It is indicated that both NPCC and Ni-NPCC shows catalysis properties as hydrogen storage electrode. Their catalysis properties change with the Ni plating time. Ni-NPCC with 20 minutes Ni plating have the best catalysis properties, with an optimized oxidation peak current density up to about 60 mA/cm2.Nano-alloys or nano-structure often display novel physical, and chemical properties. It is of great scientific and engineering meanings to deposit micronano structure on macro-component surface to locally achieve nano-properties for potential applications. Nanoporous copper coatings(NPCC) with pnanopore size ranging from 30 to 50nm have been fabricated in our preliminary work by laser depositing Cu-Mn alloy coatings on carbon steel and subsequently dealloying process in hydrochloric acid solution. The porosity and specific surface area reaches as high as 70% and 65.3 m2/g respectively. The as-formed NPCC was then further processed by electroless plating a thin layer of Ni. This paper focus on the structure evolution of nanoporous Cu-Ni composite coatings, Ni-decorated nanoporous copper coatings(Ni-NPCC), with an average pore size of 30nm, porosity of 50% and specific surface area of 40m2/g. It is indicated that both NPCC and Ni-NPCC shows catalysis properties as hydrogen storage electrode. Their catalysis...


Dr. Peng Yin received her B.E. degree in electrical engineering from University of Science and Technology of China and the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Princeton University, New Jersey. Dr. Yin is currently a senior member of the technical staff at Corporate Research, Thomson Inc., located at Princeton, New Jersey. Her current research interest is mainly on image and video compression. Dr. Yin received the CASS CSVT Transaction Best Paper Award in 2002.


The deep levels have been investigated by the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique in Si-and Be-coimplanted undoped semi-insulating LEC GaAs. The four electron traps, E01(0.298),E02(0.341),E03(0.555) and E04(0.821),and two hole traps, H'03(0.54) and H″03(0.57), were observed by majority carrier pulse DLTS measurement. The DLTS signals of the two hole (minority carrier) traps possesses several interesting properties, for example, it is very difficult to make the heights of the DLTS peaks of them reach their maxima by broadening the pulse width, and the heights of the peaks depend strongly on the temperature of the samples. These phenomena can be successfully explained by the theory of the capture and thermal emission of the minority carrier at the trap. It is impossible to measure the energy levels of such two traps using the traditional DLTS technique, therefore, the hole apparent activation energies were measured to be 0.54 and 0.57eV by the constant teuiperature capacitance transient technique, respectively. The H'03 and H″03 are newly observed defects which relate to the Si-and Be-coimplantaion in semi-insulating LEC GaAs.


A review of two concurrent exhibitions at Camden Arts Centre, London:

Rose English, A Premonition of the Act; and Florian Roithmayr, with, and, or, without

December 12, 2015 - March 6, 2016


AIM
This research was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of three different oral care solutions on oral mucous membrane integrity in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND
Oral care is a basic part of nursing care in intensive care units.

DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial was conducted.

METHOD
A total of 60 patients (20 patients in each group) comprised the study sample of the research. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 were administered mouth care three times a day using 5% sodium bicarbonate, 0·2% chlorhexidine and saline solution, respectively. Data were collected by means of a 'Descriptive characteristics form' and an 'oral assessment tool'.

RESULTS
Mean scores of oral assessment tool increased according to days in all groups, however, this increase was found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0·05). Mean scores of the patients in saline solution group were seen to be lower than those of the other groups. When inter-group comparison of days was done, the difference between oral assessment scores was found to be statistically significant (p = 0·000).

CONCLUSION
It was found that there was no difference between patient groups receiving saline solution, sodium bicarbonate and 0·2% chlorhexidine for mouth care in terms of oral mucous membrane integrity; oral mucosa of all patients was found to be mildly dysfunctioning.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
It is thought that standardized protocols for oral hygiene developed in the light of the findings of randomized controlled trials may improve the oral health in critically ill patients.


Cost of Medical Educational and Its Sources Like that of everything else, the cost of educating physicians is rising. The cost allocation methodologies are currently being re-evaluated and improved, and new cost figures being developed by both the Institute of Medicine and the Association of American Medical Colleges. The latter's study places the cost per medical student in the range of $16,000 to $26,000 per year.1 These costs have been variously financed by the student, state and federal governments, and the private sector. The last has not kept proportionate pace with rising costs and now comprises only 3 per cent . . .


We study the self-assembled local droplet etching of nanoholes in AlGaAs surfaces with Ga droplets. The data establish an unexpected delay of both the hole drilling process as well as the removal of the liquid material after etching. Furthermore, coarsening by Ostwald ripening is found to reduce the droplet density before drilling. Basing on these findings, we propose a growth, coarsening, drilling, and removal mechanism for the droplet etching process.


A household survey is conducted in the three divisions of Southern Punjab, Pakistan in order to examine employment patterns in the formal and informal sectors. The present study aims to examine competing views of informal sector employment in Southern Punjab. The result indicates that some human capital and socio-economic variables play substantial role in determining the participation decision of workers in the informal sector.


of hysteria, and W. H. Walshe (Brome calls him "Walsh") is described as having studied with Laennec (he was fourteen years old when Laennec died). The publishers seem to have a limited amount of type with umlauts, so "fur" usually becomes "fur". I tired of noting misprints at about page 100, but in one notable paragraph of ten lines (p. 225), Cranefield became "Cranfield", Helmholtz became "Hemholtz", Bricke became "Brucke", and du Bois-Reymond became "de Bois-Reymond". This Mainz dissertation written under W. F. Kiummel presents a detailed discussion of the role which music came to play in the idea of therapy during the nineteenth century. It is an exhaustive piece of work and adds yet more material to the earlier studies of H. J. M6ller (1971) and G. Brandmann (1960). In concentrating on the nineteenth century, Schumacher presents material which gives some insight into the nature and implication of "moral therapy", a regimen in which music therapy came to play a major role. No quotation illuminates the hidden agenda of "music therapy" more than one from Franqois Leurat, a student of Esquirol's, who describes how he threatened a patient with the "baths" until he picked up the violin and played, quite against his will. What did he play? The Marseillaise, of course! The various functions which music therapy has depends on the idea of the patient and the conception of his disease. Schumacher brings sufficient material to illustrate this point several times over. For the German Romantics, such as Peter Joseph Schneider, who wrote a two-volume "system of medical music", it had quite a different function than for Leurat. What is important is that the image of music as therapy had both the sanctity of classical antiquity as well as the cachet of the modern. It was thus used for all manner of treatment of all manner of illnesses. Schumacher's presentation makes one wish for an integrated study of the relationship between music and society in one specific moment of history, let us say the romantics, where the medical component assumes a more central function. E. T. A. Hoffmann's mad musician-heroes are much more understandable once Schumacher's linkage of Romantic concepts of music and of madness are made. And Schneider's book would not be a bad point of departure. In sum, a good dissertation that leads to further thoughts on a well-worn topic. Not a bad claim for the quality …


The main symptom of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a violation of reproductive function in sows, which is accompanied by abortion, premature birth of dead, weak and ugly piglets and mummified fetuses. Clinical signs of disease in sows usually develop in late gestating (100-114 days). The greatest number of stillbirths and deaths of piglets in the first days of life in PRRS observed in epizootic period of flow, when passing in the enzootic period, the number of stillborn piglets markedly reduced. In households, where the vaccine against the disease was not carried out, re-epizootic outbreaks occur every 18-19 months, and continue 4-5 months. The number of stillborn piglets in the initial appearance of reproductive respiratory syndrome of pigs is higher than in its recurrence. Bringing diseases occur with repair pigs and boars from farms with PRRS. Differential diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome should be on those diseases, whose pathogens can cause the death of embryos or abortion.


The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the thematic-rematic structure of  Polish equivalents of interrogative sentences such as What do you think he had done? ,  namely of questions about some component of subordinate sentence clause. In Polish,  an interrogative pronoun has to be placed within the subordinate clause (it can be  moved to the beginning of the sentence, but such an operation is connected with the  contrastive intonation of the pronoun). The author claims that questions of the given  type are to be interpret just as other wh-questions. She cites the theory of thematicrematic  structure of questions of A. Boguslawski and modifies this theory in order  to account for interrogative sentences with counter-factive predicates, such as to lie .


I n 1988, Norman Boyan edited the first Handbook of Research on Educa tional Administration. It was a straightforward report to the scholarly community on the output of normal science inquiry in the field over the previous 30 years. This archival work provided a framework that influenced how subsequent empirical work was organized and reported; it also established a benchmark against which such efforts were to be judged. The tripartite organizing framework that Boyan used in the first Handbookemerged from Andrew Halpin's (1957) recommendations for framing the study of human behavior and consisted of sections relating to the administrator, organizations, and the environment. This framework, however, was supplemented by an addendum or Special Topics section to attend to emerging and nontraditional areas and research methods that did not fit neatly into the larger structure. Although the volume edited by Boyan admittedly left out a number of important areas of research on educational administration and suffered from some unevenness in writing and disconnection among the chapters, it made a significant contribution by capturing the warp and weft of established lines of inquiry in the field. It was not only well regarded for its substantive reviews but also for its critical commentary on work in the field and its observations about promising directions for future research. In editing the first volume, Boyan was successful in avoiding narrow scholarship, revisionist history, and those championing particular ideological preferences of the moment to influence future directions in the study of educational administration. Both Norman Boyan and Don Willower made important observations at the time about the first volume that provide insight into issues related to its successor.


An overview of numerically reliable algorithms for model reduction is presented. The covered topics are the reduction of stable and unstable linear systems as well as the computational aspects of frequency weighted model reduction. The presentation of available software tools focuses on a recently developed Fortran library RASP-MODRED implementing a new generation of numerically reliable algorithms for model reduction.


From the inception of metallurgy, craftsmen have taken at great pains to decorate and to embellish the surface of objects of different nature with thin or thick metallic coatings or to vary their appearance or external nature with also fraudulent intent to produce forgeries [1-5]. Different manufacturing methods have been used for applying an Au or Ag leaf, foil or thin film onto the surface of less precious substrates like metals, ceramics, marbles and wood to produce coated jewels, statues, coins, amulets for creating the impression of a solid silver or gold artefacts or for creating a fascinating aspect by using the decorative effect of the noble metals in combination with other materials. The main effort of the ancient gilder was to develop coating methods for obtaining an Au or Ag layer as thin as possible in order to save precious metals, as well as to produce artefacts completely or partially coated with a resistant and adherent noble metal layer able to resist against wear [1-4]. The case histories presented in this paper have been accumulated over a time period spanning a few years as the result of micro-chemical and micro-structural examinations finalised to identify the ancient coating techniques and the corrosion agents and mechanisms to be used for the selection of reliable conservation materials and methods. Indeed, the micro-chemical and micro-structural investigations were carried out to ensure the chemicalphysical stability to these important witnesses of our ancient art as well as to obtain information on the technological competence reached by ancient metallurgists and on the ancient manufacturing processes.


Kala-azar(commonly known as visceral leishmaniasis),is serious harm to human health as a parasitic disease.It can be classified in to three types of diseases:wild visceral leishmaniasis,caninotic visceral leishmaniasis and anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis.At present,anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis has been controlled in most areas except Xinjiang.But caninotic visceral leishmaniasis and anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis also appears at times in their endemic areas.The paper discusses and reviews the disease's classification,the current epidemic situation and the control measures of kala-azar in our country.


Even as clinical specializations are recognized, physical therapy needs to progress toward acceptance as a profession. This task belongs as much to individual physical therapists as to the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1982;3(3):103. doi:10.2519/jospt.1918.104.22.168


Thermally induced disordering of ZnCdSe/ZnSe superlattices was studied by secondary‐ion‐mass‐spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence. The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and annealed in Zn, H2, or Se atmosphere. In Zn atmosphere the superlattice was found to be stable up to 500 °C, whereas a heat treatment in H2 and Se atmosphere leads to a complete intermixing at temperatures of 450 and 430 °C, respectively. A Si3N4 stripe was used to protect the superlattice locally from the annealing atmosphere and to achieve a laterally structured intermixing. The disordering area is controlled to better than 600 nm.


OBJECTIVE
The current method for screening anal cancer is anal cytology, which has low sensitivity. Since high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is associated with almost 90% of cases of anal cancer, the objective of this study is to evaluate whether testing for HR-HPV can optimize the screening.

DESIGN
Prospective study with patients enrolled in a screening program for anal dysplasia. Considering high-resolution anoscopy (HRA)-guided biopsy as the gold standard for diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), the diagnostic performance of anal cytology, HR-HPV testing, and the combination of both was calculated.

SETTINGS
A single center for anal dysplasia.

SUBJECTS
364 patients (72% males, 82% HIV-positive).

INTERVENTION
Patients underwent anal cytology, HR-HPV test, and HRA-guided biopsy of the anal canal.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Ability of cytology and HR-HPV test (individually and combined) to detect HSIL, and analysis of the cost of each diagnostic algorithm.

RESULTS
Cytology alone was the cheapest approach, but had the lowest sensitivity (59%, 95% CI 46-71%), despite of highest specificity (73%, 95% CI 68-78%). Cotesting had the highest sensitivity (85%, 95% CI 74-93%) and lowest specificity (43%, 95% CI 38-49%), and did not seem to be cost-effective. However, HR-HPV testing can be used to triage patients with normal and ASCUS cytology for HRA, resulting in an algorithm with high sensitivity (80%, 95% CI 68-89%), and specificity (71%, 95% CI 65-76%), allied to a good cost-effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS
HR-HPV testing is helpful to optimize the screening in cases of normal and ASCUS cytology.


In
this short review paper, the significant and profound impacts of the Pseudo
Amino Acid Composition or PseAAC have been briefly presented with crystal clear
convincingness.


A wide angle and high distortion lens unit was designed in our laboratory to realize a distribution of magnification factor similar to the acuity distribution of human eye. The projected image has high resolution in the central area of viewfield, and lower to the peripheral area. Using this lens, we can reduce greatly the amount of image data per scene. In this video, we compare the images by our distortion lens with those by wide angle lens sold in the market, and demonstrate the features of our vision system. Keeping a wide viewfield of 120 degrees, the images by our distortion lens has more abundant information in the central area of viewfield than by commercially available wide angle lens. Utilizing the image of parallel straight lines in the peripheral area of viewfield, we can detect the camera position and gazing angle. In the experiment we use 3 dimensional test pattern a black floor & ceiling and white side wall box. As a result it can be said that the accuracy of detecting the camera position and gazing angle by our distortion lens is much better than by usual wide angle lens. Control 1 A Four-wheeled Robot to Pass Over Steps by Changing Running Control Modes Osamu Mastumoto, Shuuji Kajita, Kazuo Tani and Mitsuhiro Oooto* Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, MITI 1-2 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, JAPAN *University of Tsukuba, JAPAN E-mail: matsumotoQmel.go.jp (Osamu Matsumoto)


As an aid to forest managers who use or contemplate using aerial ignition techniques in their prescribed burning programs, a study was designed to evaluate the magnitude of the differences that cou ld occur depending on whether lines offire were used (ignited by a helitorch) or a spot-fire technique was used (ignited by aerial ignition devices). Six experimental fires of a simultaneously ignited backfire. flank fires, and headfires of line origin and spot origin were observed. and flame spread distances we re recorded at 1-minute intervals to time of burnout. Of special note were the differences in rate of spread of headfires from line and spot origin during early development. Headfires of line origin traveled at rates that varied from 1.5 to 5.9 times fa ster than those of spot origin. Line fires would, therefore, develop higher fire intensities than spot fires.


thiロking, capa,city for learning, adap七abili七y to new situations, inhibition of ins七inctive behavior, e丘ectiveness of behavior, problem solving activities, a capaci七y£or七he perceiving of complex relations and i且 of other phrases. Binet


A method of ionosphere absorption loss calculation is presented.By use of international reference ionosphere(IRI) model and the ray-tracing program on the discrete ionosphere background,the absorption loss of the High Freqnency Radar wave in the ionosphere is calculated quantitatively.The simulation results are given by the absorption loss under different wave frequency or different elevation angles.Some primary conclusions are given.


We propose a definition of second-order discrimination that does not require the reference distribution to first-order dominate the comparison one, and allows rankings of discrimination patterns when both the reference and the comparison distributions differ. It involves comparing the probabilities that randomly selected individuals in the reference and comparison distributions belong to subgroups having the same cumulative mean income, yields orderings of distributions equivalent to those from generalized Lorenz dominance, and allows orderings of discrimination patterns, partial or complete, across pairs of distributions. We compare discrimination against U.S. seniors (inter-distributional inequality between seniors and non-seniors) by ethnicity.


Microservices are a current trend that is known not only in academics. It is also used on an industrial scale. Nevertheless, microservices break with abstraction models like object orientation, to avoid code duplicates, or to have the code of behavior and data of one type of objects at one place. Thus, microservices break with learned and established concepts of programming. In this paper, we present historical developments, identify trends, and summarize our observations. Based on that, we provide suggestions for extending microservices to support more abstract programming concepts. In so doing, we suggest concrete strategies for our extensions based on already established concepts and without interfering with to the microservice concept.