: In principle, laws and regulations have regulated the working relationship between doctors and hospitals in the implementation of health services, but in the field it is often found that there are many models of legal relations between doctors in hospitals which, when examined more deeply, are found to be incompatible with existing legislation. In addition, the doctor's relationship with the hospital which is not stated in a clear agreement and legal relationship, often creates disagreements between hospital management and doctors, especially when there are demands for compensation or other responsibilities demanded by third parties for the services of doctors at home. sick. This study raises issues that are also the purpose of writing, namely the legal basis for the occurrence of work agreements and the implementation of legal relationships that occur between doctors and hospitals as well as patterns of effective legal responsibility for doctors in hospitals. This research includes empirical legal research that is descriptive analytical using primary and secondary data types. The analysis is carried out by connecting relevant theories, namely applicable laws and regulations, hospital legal theories and positive law enforcement practices related to the problems in the research. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the working relationship between doctors and hospitals was bound in a work agreement which contained the legal responsibilities of each party.


Importance of the field: Pentavalent antimonials are the first-line drugs for treatment of the major tropical disease leishmaniasis. However, their use is limited by the need for daily parenteral administration, their severe side effects and treatment failures. As leishmaniasis belongs to the group of neglected diseases, the improvement of old drugs through new delivery approaches has more support than the development of new chemical entities. Areas covered in this review: The review covers, from 1977 to the present, the progress achieved towards pharmaceutically acceptable liposome-based formulations of antimonials, identification of specific ligands for improved targeting of infected macrophages and new approaches for oral and topical delivery of antimonial drugs. What the reader will gain: Insights into the most promising delivery strategies to improve antimonial therapy and the chemical basis and future directions for achieving innovative orally and topically effective formulations. Take home message: The development of drug delivery strategies for the old pentavalent antimonials is a still growing and promising field, with expected innovations in the near future from improved knowledge of antimony chemistry.


Reduced hearing is a wide spread disability. One out of ten British Columbians estimated to suffer from a variable degree of hearing loss (CASLPA, 2005). It is the most common sensory imp airment affecting 50 percent of Canadians over 65 (CHHA, 2005) . The hearing loss problem is expected to progress from bad to worse due to demographic changes of the society and aging population. Hearing loss problem bea rs serious con sequences for the affected individuals and society as a whole. Thi s paper is written for the provincial government. The paper attempts to provide an overview of the hearing loss problem and its costs to the society. This paper proposes the "6 elements comprehensive hearing care policy" for the review of policy mak ers. The policy options are dev eloped with a focus on funding sources. Policy options evaluation is based on the three goal s of efficiency, equity and overcoming budgetary con straints.


Significance Small organic molecules often exhibit an amazing polymorphism. Since most drugs are based on organic molecules, this has important practical consequences. Not only does the deliverability of the drugs depend on the crystal structure but also different polymorphs can be separately patented. We address this problem by appropriately designed enhanced sampling simulations that start from the liquid and let the system crystallize spontaneously at the freezing temperature. In such a way entropy effects are automatically included. We successfully apply the method to the cases of urea and naphthalene and discover that entropy plays an important role. We introduce a computational method to discover polymorphs in molecular crystals at finite temperature. The method is based on reproducing the crystallization process starting from the liquid and letting the system discover the relevant polymorphs. This idea, however, conflicts with the fact that crystallization has a timescale much longer than that of molecular simulations. To bring the process within affordable simulation time, we enhance the fluctuations of a collective variable by constructing a bias potential with well-tempered metadynamics. We use as a collective variable an entropy surrogate based on an extended pair correlation function that includes the correlation between the orientations of pairs of molecules. We also propose a similarity metric between configurations based on the extended pair correlation function and a generalized Kullback–Leibler divergence. In this way, we automatically classify the configurations as belonging to a given polymorph, using our metric and a hierarchical clustering algorithm. We apply our method to urea and naphthalene. We find different polymorphs for both substances, and one of them is stabilized at finite temperature by entropic effects.


This article dedicated methodological aspects of performing orthostatic tests (active, passive, tilt-test, dynamic modified). The most important types of the orthostatic cardiovascular reactions in patients with normal and disturbed function of the sinus node, and their results criteria are discussed. The indications and contraindication for orthostatic tests are shown.


Herbicides, particularly those applied to corn, can be found in surface water and ground water in Wisconsin (Sullivan and Richards, 1996; Matzen and Saad, 1996). Wisconsin farmers applied 7.6 million pounds of corn herbicides during 1996. Because of public concern about the amount of herbicides applied to Wisconsin farm fields and the impact on surrounding watersheds, a study was conducted to measure herbicide runoff in sections of two rivers in southwestern Wisconsin. This is a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP). Prior to this study, surface-water samples had not been collected frequently enough to calculate herbicide loads for entire watersheds in southwestern and south-central Wisconsin. This fact sheet summarizes herbicide concentrations in samples collected from the Pecatonica River at Martintown and the Yahara River near Fulton from May 15 to July 15, 1996. Herbicide loads and unit area loads are calculated for these two watersheds. This study monitored commonly applied corn herbicides: alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, cyanazine, and acetochlor. Acetochlor was introduced to the market in 1994 as a replacement for corn herbicides such as alachlor.


Among the ~200 susceptibility loci associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), are loss‐of‐function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the locus (18p11) containing the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase non‐receptor Type 2 (PTPN2) gene. PTPN2 encodes the T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP) that functions as a negative regulator of diverse intracellular pathways repressing inflammatory signals. In Ptpn2‐deficient mice, we observed altered intestinal homeostasis in the form of intestinal epithelial barrier defects and altered intestinal microbiome composition. Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by active‐cycling and slow cycling stem cells confined within the crypt‐based niche and subsequent differentiation into secretory and absorptive epithelial lineages as cells migrate up the crypt‐villus axis. The goal of this study was to determine whether Ptpn2‐loss affects intestinal epithelial cell populations and function that could contribute to altered host‐bacterial interactions.


In the current paper a demonstration network utilizing multicore hole-assisted fiber and a photonic fan-out/in components is presented. The demonstration network is intended to provide a testbed, which as closely as possible approximates the real-life telecommunication networks deployment scenarios and permits assessing the manufacturing and installation techniques required for commercialization of multicore fiber-based networks. Therefore, an extensive optimization of the multicore fiber splicing process has been performed, including analysis of any misalignments that may occur, influencing the insertion loss. The fan-out/in components will also form a crucial part of any real-life multicore fiber network, as they allow interconnecting with the predominant standard single mode fibers, therefore the development process of these components is also discussed. The most likely deployment scenarios for multicore fibers (considering their, at least initially, significantly higher cost) will be in space-sensitive applications, so a microcable (for jet-blowing into microducts) containing the multicore fiber has been developed. Finally, all of the above components, combined with some more traditional infrastructure elements have been used to build a fully functional demonstration access network.


Introduction 1. The Baraka (Holiness or Blessed Virtue): Its Prevalence 2. The Baraka (Holiness or Blessed Virtue): Its Manifestations and Effects 3. The Baraka (Holiness or Blessed Virtue): Its Sensitiveness 4. The Jnun (Jinn): Their Nature and Doings 5. The Jnun: Prophylactic measures against them and remedies for troubles caused by them - The Jnun in the service of men and saints 6. The Origin of Beliefs and Practices Relating to the Jnun 7. Individual Spirits 8. The Evil Eye 9. Curses and Oaths 10. The 'AR and the 'AHD 9. Witchcraft - Homoepathic Influences - The Transference of Evil


Analyze the origins of the vibration according to the expressions during aero-engine running. Study the vibration principle. Create the fault tree of the aero-engine vibrating failure. And with the fault tree analyze the common vibrating failure during production process. Generalize the diagnosing and debugging-aid methods for aero-engine vibrating failure.


Dianne Strand, a guest speaker from the Southwest Yukon and member of the Crow Clan of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, spoke on the Southern Yukon lee Patch Research: 'Linking Science with Community'.


Thirty herbicides were tested for possible effects upon the incorporation of radioactivity from malonic acid-2-14C into lipid by excised hypocotyls of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory). Concentrations of 1 to 20 mg/L were used. Inhibition was caused by 3-nitro-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (dinoben), 2-chloro-N,N-diallylacetamide (CDAA), 2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC), 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). At 1 mg/L, stimulation was caused by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben).


Californium 252 low dose rate intracavitary neutron implants combined with conventional external beam therapy for advanced pelvic tumors produced better local response than 137Cs in pelvic brachytherapy. Greater tumor regression was achieved by applying 252Cf while the maximum amount of tumor was present preceding or shortly after starting external beam therapy (12/14 or 86%). This schedule was more effective than similar neutron doses given after external beam irradiation.


Purpose – This study aims to focus on the role of employee commitment in the success of organizational change initiatives. The authors seek to propose and test a model that delineates antecedents and consequences of affective, normative, and continuance commitment to organizational change.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via online survey from employees working in a large not‐for‐profit organization. A total of 191 responses (32 per cent) were obtained. The hypothesized model relationships were tested using structural equation modeling.Findings – The results demonstrate that the antecedents: fit with vision, employee‐manager relationship quality, job motivation, and role autonomy all influence commitment to change (C2C). Notably, affective commitment, which in turn influences employee perceptions about improved performance, implementation success, and individual learning regarding the change, had the greatest impact.Research limitations/implications – Limitations that could lead to future...


ABSTRACT Red acid soil is generally distributed in humid tropical areas under high rainfall. The main constraint is usually the extremely low pH of the soil due to the very intensive leaching of the bases from the soil. At the same time, however, the soluble micro elements, such as iron, are high. This can cause plant toxicity. The liming of acidic soils is normally performed to reduce the iron toxicity as the first step toward providing a balanced nutrition for cultivated plants. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of liming on the soil pH, on the decrease of iron in the soil and on the growth of the pineapple. The research was done in the Greenhouse of the Research and Development Department, PT Great Giant Pineapple, Lampung, Indonesia, from November 2015 to April 2016. The design of the experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications, consisting of: No dolomite (D0), dolomite 1 t ha−1 (D1), dolomite 2 t ha−1 (D2), dolomite 3 t ha−1 (D3), dolomite 4 t ha−1 (D4), dolomite 5 t ha−1 (D5) with added Fe-EDTA and for the control treatment, no dolomite and no Fe-EDTA (C0). The results showed that an increase in the dolomite dose can increase the pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the soil and can decrease the iron (Fe) in the soil significantly. Increasing the pH, K, Ca and Mg and decreasing the Fe in the soil were seen to influence the growth of the pineapple. In particular, the leaf area of the pineapple plant increased considerably. The other parameters also increased, but not significantly.


Summary The decision to transfuse should be guided by information on the risks and benefits of transfusion. Safer alternatives should be considered. Properly screened blood or components from a reputable source should be used. In this study, a simple, self‐educating transfusion request form was developed, and its effects on transfusion practice were assessed, using a cluster‐randomized trial. Transfusions at six study hospitals and six control hospitals at four locations in India (Delhi, Bangalore, Nasik and Imphal) were monitored over a 4‐month pre‐intervention period and a 5‐month post‐intervention period. During the trial, 56 171 units were transfused to in‐patients at the participating hospitals. Among the six intervention hospitals, there was some evidence of a nonsignificant post‐intervention reduction in all the three main outcome measures: number of transfusion requests per admission (P = 0·09), number of units transfused per admission (P = 0·11) and number of crossmatches per admission (P = 0·06). No such changes were seen at control sites over the same period.


For the first time to the authors' knowledge, the problem of free vibration of a moderately thick rectangular plate with edges elastically restrained against transverse and rotational displacements is considered. The Ritz method combined with a variational formulation and Mindlin plate theory is used. The admissible functions consist of polynomials and basic functions that impose the required boundary conditions on the Mindlin plate. The applicability of the formulation is illustrated using three examples of plates with different combinations of elastically restrained edges and classical boundary conditions. Numerical results are obtained to investigate the effects of elastic spring stiffness, relative thickness and aspect ratio upon the natural frequencies of flexural vibration of rectangular Mindlin plates.


 First Emperor of Qin and the Unification of China: At age 13, Ying Zheng came to the throne of Qin during the Warring States period (475-221 BC). After his Qin armydefeated six rival states, the young king declared himself First Emperor of Qin. Turning to Chinese cosmology and the Five Elements, he selected water and its corresponding color, black, to represent the dynasty and ensure its future success. Under his orders to simplify surviving writing styles of the former six states, officials adopted the Qin script, or small seal script, as the new universal writing system. Currencies circulated in other states were replaced with a national currency, and revised weights and measurements, as well as new inter-state roadways, promoted trade across the burgeoning empire. To defend the unified nation, the First Emperor linked the existing walls of former states along the northern border to create what is known today as the Great Wall of China.


: The article explored the language shift within the Chinese-Indonesians community in Indonesia. For this study, three main respondents were acquired who are all Chinese-Indonesian females, aged 19-22 years old. They were asked to fill in the questionnaire to value their preferences regarding the language usage as well as the history of the respondents' language acquisition and proficiency specifically on the Mandarin language which is considered as the respondents' supposedly heritage language. Besides the questionnaire, the respondents were also interviewed which then transcribed and analyzed thoroughly to examine the significance of the language shift in each of the participants' language domains; family, institutional and social domains. The results of this study has proven that there are several inducing language shift factors explicitly occurred in Indonesia, mostly the Capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, such the lack of culture exposure, learning obligation, and language domain, the confusion over own ethnolinguistics identity, the socially and politically indigenous oppression, and finally the traumatic events that was experienced by the present nor past generations of Chinese-Indonesians.


In this article we communicate the results of a research project that consisted of characterizing academic productions developed in the field of chemistry in Colombia during the period 1950-1999. From a historical approach that links the perspective of social studies of science and technology - CTS, based on bibliometric and scientometric criteria, contributions made by Colombian scientists in the journals were analyzed: Journal of the American Chemical Society and Revista Colombiana de Quimica. It is concluded that the participation at an international level of professionals in the field in this period was reduced, and that the organization of the institutions and trade associations was only incipient for the time. In this sense, we reflect on the community character that academic work has represented in this scientific activity in the country.


Chymochromic pigments in twenty-five color forms of common portulaca dividing into eleven color groups and their F1 hybrids were studied by paper-chromatographic and spectrophotometric experiments.Ten pigments of betacyanins (Bc1 to Bc5) and betaxanthins (Bx1 to Bx5) were chromatographically separated in various color forms of garden portulaca. Most of the flower colors were estimated by qualitative and quantitative differences of chymochromic pigments.In general, the purple components, Bc3 and Bc4, predominantly appeared in most of F1 hybrids, while the yellow components, Bx1 and Bx2, did not appear in F1 hybrids. Therefore, betacyanin were, in general, dominant over betaxanthin.On the other hand, the higher content of betacyanin in purple color form is dominant to the lower content of betacyanin in pink form, and the higher content of betaxanthin in yellow orange form is recessive to the lower content of betaxanthin in pink form in F1 hybrids. In some F1 hybrids, however, the pigment content is nearly intermediate between the contents of both parents. White color form containing neither betacyanin nor betaxanthin is recessive to all the colored forms examined.


Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to investigate whether the Zn‐Na acetate solution, used for trapping H2S in the Johnson‐Nishita method (1952), could be used to quantitatively determine 35S and 32S in the same trapping solution, as the Zn‐Na acetate solution allows more sensitive S determination using methylene blue than does the bismuth sulphide colour development of H2S trapped in NaOH solution. Results obtained using the Zn‐Na acetate solution were variable compared with those obtained from the normal procedure of using NaOH as the H2S trapping solution, indicating that the Zn‐Na acetate solution was unsuitable, probably because of the rapid transformation of H2S to water‐insoluble ZnS. The applicability of methylene blue development for H2S trapped in NaOH solution was also investigated. Results showed that 32S could be determined quantitatively provided methylene blue colour development was conducted less than 30 minutes after the removal of H2S‐trapping NaOH solution from the Johnson‐Nishit...


In this paper, we deal with approximations of com- mon flxed points of the iterative sequences with errors for three asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex Ba- nach space. Our results generalize and improve the corresponding results of Khan and Takahashi, Schu, Takahashi and Tamura, and others.


The large collections of fossil hominid remains from Hadar, Ethiopia, derive from the Afar Triangle of the continental East African Rift. The fossils constitute much of the paratype series of Australopithecus afarensis (Johanson, White, and Coppens, 1978*).1 The primitive morphology exhibited by these hominids is consistent with their chronologic placement between 3.0 and 4.0 m.y. This paper provides the geographic, historic, stratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, and systematic background for Hadar fossil hominids described in this volume.


8 INTRODUCTION: LIMINALITY, AUTHENTICITY, AND RE/INTEGRATION IN AMERICAN INDIAN LITERATURE 9 ARTIST'S STATEMENT 48 BRIDGES BETWEEN ME: POEMS 53 the delta: manifest 54 the delta: alternatives 56 the delta: bridges 57 the delta: nativity 58 the delta: progeny 59 a last night in memphis 60 home: are you there 62 October Shadows 63 intrinsic 64 from Home 65 5


Dynamic Beam Hopping (DBH) is a crucial technology for adapting to the flexibility of different service configurations in the multi-beam satellite communications market. The conventional beam hopping method, which ignores the intrinsic correlation between decisions, only obtains the optimal solution at the current time, while deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a typical algorithm for solving sequential decision problems. Therefore, to deal with the DBH problem in the scenario of Differentiated Services (DIFFSERV), this paper designs a multiobjective deep reinforcement learning (MO-DRL) algorithm. Besides, as the demand for the number of beams increases, the complexity of system implementation increase significantly. This paper innovatively proposes a time division multi-action selectionmethod(TD-MASM) tosolvethecurseofdimensionality problem. Under the real condition, the MO-DRL algorithm with the low complexity can ensure the fairness of each cell, improve the throughput to about 5540Mbps, and reduce the delay to about 0.367ms. The simulation results show that when the GA is used to achieve similar effects, the complexity of GA is about 110 times that of the MO-DRL algorithm.


This paper proposes a three-dimensional stacked integrated filtering antenna, which is composed of four SIW cavities stacked vertically, and a rectangular slot is etched on the top of the last cavity to form a slot antenna. The antenna uses a self-shielded coupling feeding structure which can control the coupling more flexibly and make the antenna has a strong antijam ability. The filtering antenna was designed and simulated to be operated at 26 GHz with a bandwidth from 25.5 GHz to 26.5 GHz. It obtains an average gain of 4.5 dB, whereas a cross-polarization level maintains lower than 20 dB across the entire operating band. It also has a compact size 5.9 mm×4.6 mm×3.8 mm. Through a ball grid array, the antenna can be formed into a sub-array as a surface mounted component, so it can be applied to a 5G mm-Wave system.


Local wireless networking using the unlicensed 802.11 range of frequencies has reached levels of technology, economics, and simplicity, such that residential home users can and do construct their own. Their increasing popularity has produced two fundamentally different models by which local residential areas can be connected with high-speed wireless networks. One model is a wireless extension of the for-profit concept of an ISP (internet service provider); the other is a not-for-profit organization called a NAN (neighborhood area network). While the two models are completely different in their profit motives, they can become competitors for the same end-using customer. This research paper uses a framework of dimensions along which this very new area of wireless bandwidth provision can be investigated. The framework consists of four dimensions (technological, financial, legal, and social) with which to compare each of the two models. The goal of the project is to lay a foundation by which future research can predict the efficacy of either model or extract characteristics along any of the four dimensions that would suggest successful hybrid business models.


From the most classic carbon materials (CMs) to the advanced ones, all of them integrate a promising catalyst set in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency for a greener future. Different synthetic strategies concerning to the catalytic synthesis of relevant N‐containing heterocycles are herein described to address the great potential of the referred catalysts flying over what has been done and all that remains to be done. Current trends in this field involve structure‐activity relationships establishment also considering the reaction mechanisms understanding and the identification of active catalytic sites, as function of both experimental datasets, emphasizing on operando characterization techniques, and theoretical studies which will significantly contribute to the design of custom‐made catalysts as a new horizon.


Abstract This paper contrasts, and critically evaluates, the Irish regulatory regimes for building control and food safety. It concludes that the systems are similar in design, but vary greatly in implementation, drawing on analysis of enforcement statistics published by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and obtained from building control authorities. It is argued that regulatory systems require enforcement and oversight in order to verify consistency of decisionmaking, compliance with their own rules and standards, and overall effectiveness, and that this lack of emphasis on enforcement and oversight is a significant failing in the Irish building control system.


The Internet of Things [IoT] promises to revolutionize the way we interact with our surroundings. Smart cars, smart cities, smart homes are now being realized with the help of various embedded devices that operate with little to no human interaction. However these embedded devices bring forth a plethora of security challenges as most manufacturers still assign higher importance to the three Ps (prototyping, production and performance) than security. This inherent flaw has manifested itself in the form of various Denial of Service (DoS) attacks orchestrated with the help of unsolicited IoT devices on the Internet. We are even seeing massive throughputs without the need for amplifications affecting large scale infrastructures on the Internet. Thus, understanding the nature of these attacks and quickly identifying infected devices becomes imperative to combat this situation. In this paper we present a model to classify unsolicited IoT devices in enterprises using machine learning (ML). Namely IP header information from darknet data is collected for analysis. We then consider multiple supervised ML algorithms to classify these Layer 3 headers. We evaluate these algorithms and compare their performances in terms of accurately identifying activities of malicious IoT devices on the Internet. Our results show that Random Forest and Gradient Boosting have high recall and precision scores whereas NaiveBayes has the worst performance. We believe our model can be used by enterprises as a part of their intrusion detection system to quickly identify infected IoT devices within their own environment as well as identify scanning activities directed towards them.


Have worshipers create their own artwork. Before worship, ask an artist to draw or paint a tree on a large piece of paper. Make this artwork interactive by supplying worshipers with post-it notes. Craft a time in worship where worshipers respond to the parable with a question such as "How do you stay alert to the work of God?" They can write their response on their post-it note and place the note on the tree.


In the context of fundamental and radical reform of education and training in Vietnam, the educational goals are changing towards students' competencies instead of knowledge and skills for students as in the past. Vietnam's mathematics curriculum is going to innovate after 2018. Mathematical education constructs the connection between mathematical ideas, between mathematics and other subjects, and between mathematics and real life. This article investigates two significant issues in mathematics teaching in Vietnam: the purpose of learning mathematics among Vietnamese pupils and mathematics teaching methods concerning reality. Based on the findings from these questions, the article proposes some recommendations for mathematics teaching regarding the methods and appropriate extent to which teachers should connect mathematics to the real world in the context of rapid science and technology development as well as the adjustments to the current mathematical content at schools. Also, this article presents some examples of exploring practical content problems and designing real-life contexts in mathematics teaching to develop students' competency in Vietnam. The researchers also suggest that Vietnam's national mathematics curriculum needs reforming to keep up with the pace of development in the field of information and communication in the country. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.3.14


The genus Pertusaria (Pertusariales, Ascomycota) is a diverse group of crustose lichens which is rich in secondary metabolites. However, studies concerning diversity of these lichens, especially in mangrove habitats are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore and assess the diversity of the Pertusaria species occurring in the mangrove ecosystem of eastern Thailand. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses based on the mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequence data. Our results revealed that both ML and Bayesian tree topologies were congruent. Most of the Pertusaria species obtained form well-supported clades within the Pertusaria s.str. group, except for Pertusaria cf. violacea which is nested within the Variolaria group. Interestingly, Thai specimens of P. pertusa are not placed in the same clade with the type specimen. Based on our field observation, most species were found in the mid-intertidal Rhizophora zone, while P. cicatricosa was able to survive in the seaward Avicennia-Sonneratia zone. Additional studies with extended sampling will be necessary to address species boundaries of Pertusaria cf. violacea and P. pertusa.


SYNOPSIS Lymphnodesintheareaofthecystic ductaresometimes included withsurgically removed gall bladders forpathological examination. Thesenodes may showa rangeofhistological changes, including sinus histiocytosis andpanhyperplasia with, or without giant cellsystems, granuloma andfibrosis. Thenatureandincidence ofthese changes werestudied withappropriate lymphnodes collected routinely from80patients, mainly atnecropsy.Awareness ofthese changes should obviate possible serious errorinhistological diagnosis. The lymphnodesdraining thegallbladder, commonly situated nearthecystic andhepatic bile ducts (Fig. 1)aresometimes included incholecystectomyspecimens received forpathological examination. Twoormorelymphoid masses, varying insize (upto2cm.indiameter) maybepresent. Thehistological appearances ofthese nodes range fromnormal through asimple reactive hyperplasia toamorepleomorphic picture inwhichnumerous giant cells andevengranulomata maybefound. Theselatter changes inparticular may posea diagnostic problem toanyoneunfamiliar withthe histological appearances oflymphnodesinthis site. Attention hasbeendrawntothis problem inthe U.S.A. byAponte(1960) butwehavebeenunable tofindanycomparable studyin theBritish literature.


This paper empirically investigates the relationship between the efficacy of corporate governance compliance assessment score and cooperative financial performance with special focus on governance mechanism implemented by regulator which consists of monitoring and supervision attributes. One would expect the monitoring and supervision function would promote financial performance of cooperative organization. One would also expect that it would not influence the financial performance of cooperative organization. However, with increasing numbers of cooperative in Malaysia, we consider our aim is important to control and avoid governance failures in cooperative environment. Using a panel data of 100 listed best cooperative for the period of 2012-2014 and return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as proxy to cooperative financial performance, we find a negative impact of corporate governance compliance assessment and cooperative performance. This paper provides the first study in Malaysia cooperative in providing empirical evidence using econometric model on specific corporate governance compliance assessment that was not explored before. This paper is proceeds as follows. We consider here first the previous literature on the efficacy of corporate governance compliance and performance. We continue to explain related hypothesis to this study, data sources and model development. Finally, we present empirical results and discuss their implication. © 2013 European Journal of Research on Education by IASSR.


There are numerous reasons for the establishment of more wilderness areas. The issue is becoming more and more important worldwide, considering the increasing natural disruption. This also applies to densely populated countries like Germany. The National Strategy on Biological Diversity (NBS) sets goals for preserving and establishing more wilderness areas in Germany: 2% of the national land territory shall be designated to become large-scale wilderness areas and 5% of the forested areas in Germany are to be preserved as permanently unused woodland (areas). There may be partial overlaps since large forest areas of unused woodland qualify for both


The invention discloses a method for preparing N-alkyl-p-toluenesulfonamide. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving anhydrous p-toluenesulfonic acid in a dichloromethane solvent, adding a catalyst and a molecular sieve 5A, and controlling the temperature to be 0-40 DEG C; (2) adding primary amine for a reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is 0-40 DEG C; (3) after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration to remove the molecular sieve 5A; (4) washing a filtrate with an acid solution, then carrying out washing with an alkali solution and a salt solution in sequence, carrying out separation to obtain an organic phase, removing a drying agent after drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and carrying out distillation to recover dichloromethane and obtain a crude product of N-alkyl-p-toluenesulfonamide; (5) carrying out washing with a 50% ethanol water solution, and carrying out weighing after drying. The method has the advantages that the catalyst is used, so that anhydrous p-toluenesulfonic acid can be directly reacted with primary amine in the dichloromethane organic solvent at low temperature; the molecular sieve 5A is added in the reaction between anhydrous p-toluenesulfonic acid and primary amine as a water absorbent, so that water generated in the reaction can be absorbed to ensure a smooth reaction process. According to liquid chromatography analysis, the purity and the yield of N-alkyl-p-toluenesulfonamide exceeds 98% and reaches about 40% respectively.


Controlled. journal of Veterinary Medicine Association. Volume 159 (Dec. 1971): 1531·1533. 12. Soulsby, E. j. L .• Helminths, Anthropods, and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 6th ed.: 752753. 13. Smith. H. A., jones, T. C .• and Hunt. R. D .. Veterinary Pathology. 4th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia (1972): 548-550. 14. United States Department of Agriculture. APHIS. What You Should Know About Anaplasmosis. 9120 (April 1974). 15. Butler. Dr., State Veterinarian. Des Moines. Iowa.


Based on a synthetic description of the "state of the art" in the field of "Professional ethics" research and the preliminary results of the "interinstitutional project on professional ethics" that involves 15 universities around the country, this article explores the notion of "social religation" developed by Edgar Morin (2005) as a key term that can help the understanding of "professional ethics" in a new, complex, holistic, dialogical and recursive perspective linked to the other "human religation duties" and always inserted in tensions and contradictions that all the professionals live in their decision making. From this new complex perspective, the article assumes the necessity to transcend the notion of "professional values" as a guide concept in research about "professional ethics" to make new research based on the moral decision making of professionals in a world characterized by the "curl": crisis-change-globalization.


The research objective is to get empirical evidence about the effect of budget participation on managerial performance as well as the influence of organizational commitment and environmental uncertainty on the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance. Respondents were used in data analysis as much as 65 managers in hotels in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Hypothesis testing using moderating regression analysis. The results showed that the effect of budget participation on managerial performance is signifficant. While the organization's commitment and environmental uncertainty does not affect the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance.


We consider the discretization and solution of the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation in 3D. In particular, we are concerned with solving this equation on a large domain, for a large number of different forcing terms in the context of seismic inverse problems in general, and imaging in particular. We resort to a parsimonious mixed grid finite differences scheme for discretizing the Helmholtz operator and Perfect Matched Layer boundaries, resulting in a non-Hermitian matrix. We make use of a 3D nested dissection based domain decomposition, and introduce an approximate direct solver by developing a new parallel Hierarchically SemiSeparable (HSS) matrix compression, factorization, and solution approach. We cast our massive parallelization in the framework of the multifrontal method. The assembly tree is partitioned into local trees and a global tree. The local trees are eliminated independently in each processor, while the global tree is eliminated through processor-to-processor communications. The solver for the inhomogeneous equation is a parallel hybrid between multifrontal and HSS structure. The computational complexity associated with the factorization is almost linear in the size, N say, of the matrix, viz. O(rN logN), while the storage is linear as well, O(N log(rlogN)), if r is the maxium numerical rank of all off-diagonal blocks in the multifrontal procedure.


Nearly 80,000 scholars currently serve as department chairs, and almost one-quarter will need to be replaced each year. Such a high turnover rate is partly due to surprises and unexpected sacrifices embedded in the department chair position. In an effort to help professors prepare for and overcome unforseen tradeoffs, the University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) conducted a survey in the spring 1990. This comprehensive survey included 808 department chairs in 101 research and doctoral-granting universities across the United States. Eight department chairs were selected from each institution. The subjects evaluated personal tradeoffs associated with their acquired position as a department chair. Four main questions were asked: (1) De they have enough time to continue the professional and personal activities they enjoyed before becoming chair? (2) If time has significantly shifted between faculty, managerial, and personal activities, are they satisfied with this change? (3) What stresses and pressures are created when a faculty member assumes the chair position? and (4) What impact will this leadership change have on their professional career? In order to make the chair position more attractive and tenable to promising candidates, five changes are suggested: restructure the position; purge unnecessary administrivia; reverse the hierarchy; protect research interests; and train for leadership. Two tables and 13 references are appended. (LAP) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Ct PAYING THE PRICE FOR ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP: DEPARTMENT CHAIR TRADEOFFS Walter H. Gmelch Professor and Chair Department of Educational Administration Washington State University Pullman, WA 99163-2136


Offshore platform power system is crucial to the development and utilization of marine resources. The inrush current of transformer is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of offshore platform. In this paper, three inrush current suppression methods, including controlling closing angle, phase splitting closing and using closing resistor, are introduced and comparatively analyzed. Base on the data of a real offshore multi-platform interconnected power system, a model system is built to validate the introduced methods. The simulation is carried out using EMTP-RV generated data, considering the influence of remnant flux and connection mode of transformers. Finally, the most suitable inrush suppression method for an offshore power system is suggested.


The retrial queueing systems are characterized as a customer, arriving when all servers are busy, leaves the system, but after some time makes a demand to the service facility again. These models play a vital role in computer and telecommunication networks. For example, in a telephone system, a customer might receive a busy signal due to a lack of capacity. Such a customer is not allowed to queue, but will try their luck again after some random time. Between trials, the blocked customers join a pool of unsatisfied customers called 'orbit'.


As an alternative to the two classical proofs for complemen-tation of B uchi automata, due to B uchi himself and to McNaughton, we outline a third approach, based on stratiied alternating automata with a \weak" acceptance condition. Building on work by Muller, Saoudi, Schupp (1986) and Kupferman and Vardi (1997), we present a streamlined version of this complementation proof. An essential point is a de-terminacy result on innnite games with a weak winning condition. In a unifying logical setting, the three approaches are shown to correspond to three diierent types of second-order deenitions of !-languages.


Historians usually study the invention and not the long-run impact of printing. This monumental synthesis, in contrast, attempts to demonstrate that Gutenberg's invention, after about a century of uncertain effects, produced nothing less than revolutionary changes in literate European culture. Putting writing into print, according to Eisenstein, had unintended consequences so momentous yet so uniformly overlooked that their consideration requires one to reconceive the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the rise of science in the early modem period. The story told here involves the profound shift in western European cultural history from decline to rise, from decay to progressive enlightenment, from gradual inexorable corruption despite temporary revivals (in the Carolingian period and in the twelfth century) to permanent incremental improvement (from the sixteenth century to the present). That deep changes took place between 1450 and 1700 few would deny. Disputes instead have raged around vexed questions of what changed, when, how abruptly, and why. Yet one could suppose that all relevant factors have received their due in the myriad debates on the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the declining aristocracy and the rising middle class, and broader trends toward secularization and rationalization. Any remaining items surely have received full attention in battles over the views of particular thinkers, including (to mention only three prominent fall guys in this book) Jacob Burckhardt, Max Weber, and Thomas Kuhn. Can anything basic have escaped untouched in this scarred field where major figures have so long and so fiercely contested the central issues? Electing to tilt with the giants, Eisenstein answers in the affirmative. Most modem investigators, she says, flatly ignore the protracted communications revolution ushered in by the printed word. In large measure blame should be cast upon historians' conventional division of labor which allows


According to the World Health Organization, drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. National Crime Records Bureau estimates an average of 83 deaths every day in India due to drowning. A 36-year-old male, who is a known case of posttraumatic seizure disorder, was admitted with an alleged history of drowning into the river. On admission, the patient had severe hypoxemia and chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse heterogeneous fluffy infiltrates suggestive of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient was immediately intubated and mechanically ventilated. Subsequent computed tomography imaging of the patient showed mixed areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities. Later in the course of stay in the hospital, the condition of the patient gradually improved and he was discharged from the hospital in a stable condition. The outcome of ARDS in drowning victims is better when compared to the ARDS of other etiologies.


Position information has been proved to be very effective in document summarization, especially in generic summarization. Existing approaches mostly consider the information of sentence positions in a document, based on a sentence position hypothesis that the importance of a sentence decreases with its distance from the beginning of the document. In this paper, we consider another kind of position information, i.e., the word position information, which is based on the ordinal positions of word appearances instead of sentence positions. An extractive summarization model is proposed to provide an evaluation framework for the position information. The resulting systems are evaluated on various data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the position information in different summarization tasks. Experimental results show that word position information is more effective and adaptive than sentence position information.


Atomisation of liquid fuel jets is an important determinant of combustion performance in gas turbine engines, and thus is the prime research driver here. Since the first stage of the atomisation process primary breakup has not been well understood due to its complexity, the objective of the current project is to develop a robust algorithm for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to predict primary breakup.

In order to provide realistic turbulent inflows for LES of liquid jet primary breakup, a rescaling/recycling method has been developed and validated.
Three interface capturing ethods, namely Level Set (LS), Volume of Fluid (VOF), and coupled Level Set and VOF (CLSVOF), have been implemented and evaluated. The CLSVOF technique is adopted as the interface-tracking method in order to combine the advantages of LS and VOF methods. Due to the discontinuity of density and viscosity across the interface, simulations can become unstable due to numerical errors when a conventional discretisation approach is applied. Therefore, the governing equations are
discretised here by introducing an extrapolated liquid velocity to minimise the interface momentum error, showing significant improvement in accuracy and robustness for simulations of primary breakup.

For several reasons, single drop breakup in a uniform air flow is chosen as a benchmark test case for validation of the developed methodology for modelling atomisation. It is shown that the predicted drop breakup agrees
quantitatively well with experiments for different Weber numbers. The solver is then applied to simulate primary breakup of liquid jets, which are
more relevant to industrial applications. By simulating single round water jet atomisation in high-speed coaxial air flow, it is found that the predicted liquid core breakup lengths at different air/liquid velocities agree closely with measured data, but only when appropriate turbulent inflow conditions are specified. In simulations of liquid jet breakup in air crossflow, the penetration
of the liquid jet is also well reproduced when turbulent inflows are used. In both simulations, it is found that the turbulence convected downstream from the injection nozzles affects significantly the primary breakup
process, and the liquid turbulence rather than the gas turbulence plays a dominant role in initial disturbance of the liquid jet surface.


Learning outcomes are the occurrence of behavior in a person that can be observed and measured in the form of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. These changes are interpreted as an increase and development that is more than before. Learning outcomes are given to students as one of the measuring tools used to assess or measure students' learning abilities through values, numbers, and symbols. Based on the results of observations made by researchers, the results showed that the learning outcomes of students at SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro especially class VII still needed special guidance in the teaching and learning process, it was marked by the student scores still not meeting the KKM, students were less able to capture the material presented by the teacher, causing students do not understand the material presented by the teacher, in learning activities many students are busy even playing in class, and lastly there are still many students who do not collect the assignments given by the teacher.The objectives to be achieved by researchers in the discussion of this thesis are 1) to determine the significance of the influence of teacher communication skills on student learning outcomes for class VII SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022, 2) To determine the significance of the influence of learning motivation on class student learning outcomes. VII SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022, 3) To find out the significance of the influence of teacher communication skills and learning motivation of class VII SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022. This research is a quantitative research, which uses simple linear regression test and multiple linear regression test. And to find out whether there is an effect or not between variables using a simple regression formula and multiple regression. The sampling technique in this study used a random sample technique with a kretjcie table, with a population of 136 to 116 samples. The data collection technique is collecting data using questionnaires and documentationThe results of this study can be concluded as follows: 1) teacher communication skills have a significant effect on student learning outcomes for class VII SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022 with a magnitude of effect of 10.2%, 2) learning motivation has a significant effect on learning outcomes class VII students of SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022 with a magnitude of 8.1%, and 3) the influence of teacher communication skills and student motivation on learning outcomes of class VII students of SMPN 2 Padangan Bojonegoro in 2021/2022 with a magnitude of effect of 18%.


This paper presents a method to statistics the number of people using image processing tech and pattern recognition methods based on video images shot by supervisor cameras. This could offer a reference to public of buses, subways, libraries, parks, and so on to dispatch. In this article, the author improved the original difference method and optimized the traditional method of characteristic extraction. Also, method of multi-characteristic recognition was used to make a good redundancy which could make better extracted human character, quicker recognition, lower rate of misrecognition, better effect. Video and Images are impressive descriptions for natural existence, which are ways to express directly. Video supervision is an extension of human vision. As the development of technology of multi-media and computer, it was the visible supervise system which features of reality, intuition, and real-time that obtained the favor of more and more people. It is widely used in areas of secured departments, industrial factories, shops, public transportation, and so on. Dynamic track of people is an applicant science developed during recent years, which obtains parameters to describe human movements for analyses by inspecting and tracking human in video. While the Dynamic track of people deals with computer vision, pattern recognition, human physiology, psychology, etc. , and is a complex subject with lots of problems unsolved, either theoretical or technical. On the other hand, it has amplitude and important usage . It is meaningful to make further research on this subject both on theory and tech, among which recognition for number of people is a good application. 1 Pretreatment for Images 1.1 Fetching the images Recognition in this article is based on sequenced images ] which are extracted from a video gathered by a sensor (such as camera), at some kind of frequency. They got the specified order and time between neighbored frames. It contains the information of the object's movements. We can confer the state of movement from several images like those. Thus it is quite convenient to deal with moving objects, as moving object detection. 1 [ We extract sequenced images at 10 fps in this article, shown in Pic1 below. figure 1 Sequenced images extracted from video 1.2 Image segmentation In this article we introduced the method of difference based on colors as the method for image segmentation. We can compare each pixel from neighbored images, and calculate the change. The ones with great change can be estimated as the pixels on mobile objects, the others without great change can be regarded as pixels on background which can be blacked. By doing this, the moving object, the human body, is shown, the segmentation is finished. Colored image is a special case of multi-spectrogram images, the triple basic colors to human vision which are made up of red, green and blue come to be an approximate to the spectrum by human naked eyes ] . Thus describing colors with R,G,B tricolor is a good way adopted by large number of people. Most of the image gathering devices are cored with CCD tech, sensing R, G, B elements directly which makes those tricolors the very foundation of imaging, displaying, printing devices, etc., taking great importance. 2 [ RGB color space use the tricolor to describe the value of color in digital images. The three axis in RGB coordinate relates to the tricolor, while the origin stands for black, the farthest top stands for white, others distributes in the cube raised by tricolor. Other color spaces are often based on RGB color space, the other elements maybe linear of no-linear functions of the tricolor. The RGB color space generates other colors by plus the tricolor. The color in computer images is made up of RGB tricolor, which are described in 8 byte unsigned integer to figure the color depth. We use the sum of the tricolor as the main rule to judge the change of two pixels in neighbored images. The result of first step of segmentation is shown below: figure 2 Images after different segmentation 182 © 2008, Society for Imaging Science and Technology We can see that the effect of method by simply using the sum of tricolor to segment the image is disappointing. We need to find some complements in Morphology and Filter to make further disposal. The destination of this step is to improve the result of segmentation. Morphology origins from a kind of research while investigating propagations. Mathematical Morphology is a method to analysis geometry shapes based on set algorithm, which use set theory to describe set structure rationally. Mathematical Morphology comes to be a good tool so analysis the characteristic of images since 1985. Mathematic Morphology includes a set of basic morphological operators: Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing. We can use these operators or their combinations to analysis or dispose image shapes or structures. Set theory is the foundation of Morphology. Morphological sets in image processing stand for image shapes in binary or gray, as all the pixels in binary images contribute to the full description of the image. Usually we make some morphological transform to those regions which make us interested in. Commonly, we would not obtain any smooth edge when using binary calculation to images with noise in them. At the same time we would make some wrong conclusion on the region of the objects, and there would remain some noise in the background area. We can use continuous Opening and Closing algorithm to improve this situation. Images after Opening and Closing are with less tiny burrs, we can reach the goal of denoise. Filling can remove burrs more effectively, but it would reserve some non-skin area. We just use Opening and Closing after full consideration. We are going on with some filtering after Opening and Closing. Here we use median filtering to flex the verge of the objects to obtain continuous edges, after which we revert the pixels within the verge to find the original characteristic of the image. Thus we can have the complete characters of human beings, shown as below: figure 3 Images after further disposal 2 Character extraction The key point of human number recognition is to find which character in sequential images reflects individual information, and how to extract these characters. In human number recognition, we need those obeying the law below: (1) It differs human and other objects easily (2) It gets no great change in continual frames Then we can extract the characters with methods below. 2.1 Extraction of body shape character Body shape of human is of great difference to other objects. But the sequenced images are variable as time pass by which contributes difficulty to the character extraction. The author found that people in the images maybe variable in outline and area while walking, but the proportion of the two is stable in a stated range. When it gets chop, the human is leaving off or taking on. So we just us the proportion of area of body shape and perimeter as the scale for body character extraction. We cannot calculate the area and perimeter directly in colored images. While plus the tricolor, raising the brightness of the image, we have shown the body shape which was not blacked. The Matlab software offers rich library functions ] which can transform images to binary ones, shown as below: 3 [ figure 4 Image outline after binaryzation Just transfer Matlab library functions to do calculations to the binary images, among which the function (1) would help us to calculate the perimeter of the image, the image is the input, Sur is the output; ) (image bwperim Sur = (1) while function (2) would work out the area, input is the image, output is the Area. Then we can work out the proportion of area of body shape and perimeter. By monitoring the variation of this proportion, we can find the event of taking on and leaving off when it chops. ) (image bwarea Area = (2) 2.2 Extraction of face character YCbCr color system is another familiar color system , the JPEG images which can be found every where is based on this system. It derives from the YUV color system which derives from RGB system. Cb = k1U, Cr = k2V, while k1, k1 are the compress coefficients. We use compression to avoid disturb from aberration to brightness. That is, Cb and Cr are U and V with some adjustments. Y is still the brightness information while it is called the brightness signal in TV system. The relationship between YCbCr color system and the RGB system is shown below: ] 4 [ B G R Y 114 . 0 * 587 . 0 * 299 . 0 + + = (3) 128 713 . 0 * ) ( + − = Y R Cr (4) 128 564 . 0 * ) ( + − = Y B Cb (5) Statistics shows that color of the skin would be easily be affected by the brightness info, while less by chroma. We can use the CbCr elements in YCbCr space directly to the CbCr space in which it is affected less by the brightness and distributed in two dimensions. We can find that color of skin presents good clustering characteristic ] in CbCr space by applying statistics of great number of skins. It accords the law below: 5 [ 127 77 ≤ ≤Cb (6) and: 173 133 ≤ ≤Cr (7) We can find the pixels with characteristic of skin by scanning the images. To lower the burden of the computer, improve the efficiency of calculation, we scan the image every other line. When we find the pixels with non-zero brightness, we scan the previous line to avoid scanning miss. By doing this we can reserve the pixels ICISH'2008: International Conference on Imaging Science and Hardcopy 183 which fulfill the request of the YCbCr character, thus the face could be detected from the images. This algorithm also extracts the regions with skin color characters such as hands out of the images, while we can take them out by the area proportion. figure 5 Face images extracted with skin color extractions 3 Image recognition and tracking 3.1 Image recognition After those character extractions above, we are going to make some recognition to the images. The b


In this paper, applications of the fractional calculus to the form (z -a)(zb)φ2 + (C + Dz)φ1 + Eφ = / {z Φ a, z Φ b) and the partial differential equation δ u du d u du £ ( z a)(z b) + (C + Dz)-f + δ μ(z, t) = A-$ + B-f (z Φ a, z Φ b) dz dz dt dt are discussed. § 0. Introduction Fractional calculus is a very useful and simple means in obtaining particular solutions to certain non-homogeneous linear differential equations. The solutions of linear ordinary differential equations of the Fuchs type [ l ] [ 7 ] , Gauss type [8, 9] and Laguerre's type [10] obtained by K. Nishimoto, S. L. Kalla, H. M. Srivastava, S. Owa, and S. T. Tu, are but a few important discoveries stemming from these researches. Now, we begin with the statement of the following definition of the fractional calculus (fractional integrals and fractional derivatives) given by Nishimoto 1976. DEFINITION. If f(z) is a regular function and it has no branch point inside C and on C(C = {C_, C+}, C_ is an integral curve along the cut joining two points z and — oo + i Im(z), and C+ is an integral curve along the cut joining two points z and oo + i Im(z)), D = {D_,D + }, D_ is a domain surrounded by C_, D+ is a domain surrounded by C+, /• f ί \ Γ(v + 1) f f(ζ) Λr (Γ\ Gamma function Jv = cJv() = T~> Jf xVTT " C I _/ 1 Λ z π i J c (ζ — z) \ v Φ — 1, — 2 , . . . This work was supported, in part, by the National science council of R.O.C. under Grant NSC8O-O2O8-MO33-O1.


As power systems are operated under increasingly stressed conditions, the ability to maintain voltage stability becomes a growing concern. This paper discusses the voltage stability analysis of power systems which have both shunt and series compensation, by using static and dynamic analysis. Using a two-bus system, results of time domain simulation are presented to clarify of voltage instability, besides determining static voltage stability limits. It is shown that load models and compensation modes have significant effects on voltage stability.


This paper show the technological solutions adopted to build the blue (U and B bands) and red (V, R, I and Z bands) of the prime focus imagers at the LBT. We specially described the functional caracteristics and performances of the cryogenic and CCD control systems and the instrument management system.


It is frequently contended that the current non-union status of an organisation is a reflection of the values and preferences of the organisation's founder(s). This article develops and tests a set of hypotheses concerning the factors that lead an organisation founder to desire non-union status.


Endemic populations of the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) and Ips spp. attacked loblolly pilnes (Pinus taeda L.) on which lightning strikes were simulated with detonating cord in the field. Southern pine beetles were reared in successive generations in these trees from fall 1981 through spring 1982; only Ips spp. attacked treated trees through December 1982. Lightning strike simulation provides an alternative means of studying bark beetle attack and opens the way for comparisons with nat;ural lightning strikes.


Detecting an itinerant microwave photon with high efficiency is an outstanding problem in quantum optics at microwave frequencies and in the fundamental quantum mechanics experimental toolbox. This subject has attracted a lot of attention and there are growing number of excellent experimental demonstrations and theoretical proposals towards this aim. However, due to the extremely low energy of microwave quanta, efficiently detecting a propagating microwave photon in a non-absorbing manner is still an unresolved challenge and it is the focus of the major part of this thesis. Motivated by a recent experiment that shows a superconducting artificial atom (a transmon) in a one-dimensional microwave transmission line exhibits gigantic cross-Kerr nonlinearities, 1000 times larger than in comparable optical systems, I investigate the possibility of detection single microwave photons using a transmon induced cross-Kerr-like interaction between two microwave fields. The photon number in one field is inferred through the measurement of the displacement of the other field. The first project on this subject is to investigate the feasibility of detecting a single microwave photon with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than unity using a three-level approximation for the transmon in an open transmission line, due to the saturation of transmon response to the probe intensity. After that, an improved scheme was proposed to overcome the limitations in the preceding work. By using a cavity probe field the signal photon induced probe displacement is strongly enhanced. Further additional transmon-cavity units can be cascaded to further improve the detection efficiency. It is shown that with only two transmons the distinguishability to resolve a single-photon state from the vacuum is up to 90%. One advantage of this photon detection scheme is that it does not rely on the absorption of single microwave photons, which enables repeated measurements and further applications. Moreover, I also show how the measurement diminishes coherence in the photon number basis thereby illustrating a fundamental principle of quantum measurement: the higher the measurement efficiency, the greater is the decoherence. Apart from the investigation on the single microwave photon detection, this thesis also studies nonlinear dynamics of a hybrid coupled-resonator and opto-mechanical system. It is


This paper describes the various technological revolutions and pinpoints the embedded systems revolution as the most recent and quietest of all. Being a revolution within another, it is seen as embedded into digital revolution. Embedded systems came into limelight with the birth of microcontrollers and have invaded and embedded themselves into all fields of our lives and this ubiquity is increasing in our daily lives. Despite this, the level of awareness of embedded system is low, hence this paper is written. During the survey of embedded systems evolution the point that they perform dedicated functions was brought to the fore. Most embedded systems are encapsulated within the main working frame of the device being controlled. The widespread and diverse natures of the system as seen in the numerous applications confirm the revolution of this ubiquitous system.


Noting that 90 percent of serious playground injuries result from falls to hard surfaces, this paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various playground surfacing materials in terms of cost, climate, durability, aesthetics, and play value. Findings are based on the personal experience of the author, goverriment documents, laboratory tests, manufacturers' literature, and interviews with playground equipment and sqrfacing manufacturers, as well as school and park maintenance personnel. The report lists findings of a previous comparative study of surfacing materials including commercial, loose organic, loose inorganic, and other loose materials. In a discussion of installation issues, the report suggests that recycled plastic timbers are easier to install than wood or concrete. Noting the special concerns of buyers in extremely cold and.hot climates, the report examines weather effects on surfacing. In an examination of cost considerations, the report suggests that the safety benefits of unitary surfacing may outweigh its initial relatively high cost. A discussion of impact attenuation of various surfaces concludes that no single surfacing material is best for all conditions and warns buyers to consider carefully issues such as manufacturer reputation and laboratory test results before buying. (Contains 11 references.) (AJH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made It IC from the original document. It *********************************************************************** PROTECTIVE SURFACING FOR PLAYGROUNDS* Joe L. Frost Parker Centennial Professor University of Texas at Austin U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Eaumonal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. The purpose of this paper is to review the advantages and 00 disadvantages of various types of playground surfacing materials with respect to safety, cost, climate, durability, aesthetics, and play value. The information is taken from the personal experience of the author, various government documents, laboratory tests, manufacturer's literature, interviews with leading playground equipment and/or surfacing manufacturers, and interviews with school and park maintenance personnel in various geographical areas. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, 1981) concluded that falling from playground equipment onto hard surfaces accounts for about 70 per cent of all playground injuries. Most of these injuries result from falling onto hard ground surfaces such as concrete, asphalt and hard-packed earth and a small percentage result from falling from one part of the equipment onto other parts of the equipment. However, 90 per cent of serious injuries result from falls to hard surfaces (Tinsworth Sr Kramer, 1990). These data are consistent with data from litigation (lawsuits) by Frost and Sweeney (1996). Consequently, the most expedient means of protecting children from injuries in falls on playgrounds is to install and maintain resilient surfacing under and around playground equipment as recommended by the CPSC (1991; 1994) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (1991). Leading recreation authorities have recommended that resilient surfaces be installed under playground climbing apparatus since the early 1900's (Butler, 1952) but little was accomplished until the early 1980's. Extensive scientific studies to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of playground surfacing materials have not been done on real playgrounds but a growing number of laboratory tests are being conducted. Early experiences oi the Los Angeles School System provide some indication of the effectiveness of resilient surfacing in reducing injuries and fatalities. Between 1931 and 1951 the School System recorded 11 playground deaths from falls onto hard surfaces on playgrounds (Butwinick, 1974). In a single school year of 180 school days "... one child in every 225 had suffered a serious injury a fractured skull, a shattered leg, a dislocated shoulder or a broken arm" (Brashear, 1952). *Prepared for the United States Air Force, March, 1996. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1


Remotely sensed data fusion aims to integrate multi-source information generated from different perspectives, acquired with different sensors or captured at different times in order to produce fused data that contains more information than one individual data source. Recently, extended morphological attribute profiles (EMAPs) were proposed to embed contextual information, such as texture, shape, size and etc., into a high dimensional feature space as an alternative data source to hyperspectral image (HSI). Although EMAPs provide greater capabilities in modeling both spatial and spectral information, they lead to an increase in the dimensionality of the extracted features. Conventionally, a data point in high dimensional feature space is represented by a vector. For HSI, this data representation has one obvious shortcoming in that only spectral knowledge is utilized without contextual relationship being exploited. Tensors provide a natural representation for HSI data by incorporating both spatial neighborhood awareness and spectral information. Besides, tensors can be conveniently incorporated into a superpixel-based HSI image processing framework. In our paper, three tensor-based dimensionality reduction (DR) approaches were generalized for high dimensional image with promising results reported. Among the tensor-based DR approaches, the Tensor Locality Preserving Projection (TLPP) algorithm utilized graph Laplacian to model the pairwise relationship among the tensor data points. It also demonstrated excellent performance for both pixel-wise and superpixel-wise classification on Pavia University dataset.


Chan, Marty. Fire and Glass . Richmond Hill, ON: Clockwise Press, 2016. Print. Kristina Mah finds herself in an unenviable situation at the start of grade nine: her father has abruptly abandoned Kristina and her mother, and they are forced to move from the familiarity of the suburbs to a small inner-city apartment. The transition to her new school takes some time - it's old, rundown and all the students are addicted to their phones - but eventually she finds a new friend in Dylan, her grade's resident iconoclast who cares little for social norms. Just when her life seems to be acquiring some semblance of normalcy, things take a turn at Mackenzie King School. After confirming with Dylan that the spooky interactive white board images are not merely a figment of her imagination, the pair further explore the school and accidentally free an evil Djinn into the halls. Kristina and Dylan's ensuing adventures revolve around saving their families and school from this spirit. Fire and Glass is Marty Chan's 15 th book, and follows up his work on the Ehrich Weisz Chronicles series. As a radio presenter, playwright and self-anointed "professional liar", Chan's multiple talents have led to a distinguished profile in the Edmonton community. Fire and Glass kicks off a new series, Keepers of the Vault, which Chan is writing specifically with reluctant readers in mind. The action begins quickly, the plot is fast-paced, and the humour hits the mark; all in all, Fire and Glass is well positioned to re-engage junior high students with reading. Chan is adept at bridging the reality-fantasy gap by equipping his characters with modern technologies that help them to solve ancient, fantastical problems. While at times the suspense in Fire and Glass seems slightly contrived, later pages offer enough compelling spookiness and mystery to keep the reader intrigued. With a cliffhanger ending, fans will be eagerly anticipating the next entry in the series. Short paragraphs and chapters make this title an attractive choice for struggling readers, though its reach will extend to fantasy fans. Recommended: 3 Stars out of 3 Reviewer: Kyle Marshall Reviewer biography: Kyle Marshall is the Assessment & Research Librarian for Edmonton Public Library. He graduated with his MLIS from the University of Alberta in June 2015, and is passionate about diversity in children's and youth literature.


The dynamic-kill technique has been used to perform off-bottom kills of surface and underground blowouts. Usually these kills are designed under the assumption that no kill fluid falls below the injection depth into the upward-flowing formation fluid. The study described in the full-length paper presents a method to determine if countercurrent kill-fluid flow will occur in a gas-well blowout and to determine its effect on a proposed dynamic kill.


Malawian philosophies like those of any other country or nation in Africa, are still lar~ely integrated within the culture. Western philosophy is basically a history of individual philosophers whose ideas have been written and preserved on paper. Malawian philosophies have no such comparable written sources; they are mostly dependent on orally transmitted ideas. A study of the cultures, particularly the 'cultural ideals', brings to light what may be considered the main indices of the traditional systems of thought. In other words, culture reflects the people's attitude towards life and the world they live in; it determines what the people consider as promotive of their sense of the meaning of human existence. "Life is the starting pOint of philosophy". I People organise their material and social world in line with their ethics and epistemology which are determined by their cultural ideals. That is, the people's system of thought is reflected in their culture just as Hegel advocates that a particular form of philosophy is contemporaneous with a particular constitution of the people among whom it makes its appearance. Jean-Paul Sartre in an article titled "Marxism and Existentialism" further advocated that philosophy does not exist but philosophies do.2 He argued that a philosophy serves as a cultural milieu for its contemporaries so long as it exists, and that, born from the movement of society, it is Itself a movement and acts upon the future; a philosophical crisis is an expression of a social crisis and hence a cultural crisis.


To test whether therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin A on patient‐ specific keloid tissue can be reproduced on the cellular level. Specifically, effects on cell proliferation and expression of growth factors and cytokines relevant for wound healing were to be tested.


Objective:
To analyze the intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of eyelid tumors with modified Mohs surgery.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case study. Forty-four patients who had surgical treatment for eyelid tumors with an intraoperative frozen section technique from September 2014 to May 2018 in Qingdao Eye Hospital were included in the study. The eyelid tumors and the margin of the tumors were sectioned for frozen section diagnosis.

Results:
In 44 cases of eyelid tumors, 43 had a confirmed diagnosis, and 31(70%) had malignant tumors, including basal cell carcinoma in 22 cases (50%), meibomian gland carcinoma in 5 cases (11%), squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases (5%) and in situ carcinoma in 2 cases (5%). Twelve cases were diagnosed with benign lesions, including 5 cases of varus follicular keratosis, 3 cases of seborrheic keratosis, 2 cases of chronic inflammation, and 1 case of eyelid abscess and 1 case of amyloidosis. Only one case could not be confirmed during surgery, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma was confirmed by paraffin section. In malignant tumors, the suspected tumor cells in the margin of the resection were found in 3 cases, and extended resections were performed until no tumor cells could be found. Postoperative follow-up showed there was no recurrence of eyelid tumors in any patients.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative frozen section with surgical treatment can rapidly evaluate the malignancy of eyelid tumors and the margin of resection, which can help clinical surgeons choose the scope of surgical resection for precision surgery.

Key words:
frozen section; pathological diagnosis; eyelid tumor


Armeria arenaria is a rare coastal species, located in a haloresistant plant com- munity. Within protected areas, the habitats of Armeria arenaria are situated in vulnerable zones where paths for tourists are often installed, causing important trampling. Our study concerns the ecology and the viability of some populations of Armeria arenaria localised on the protected site (Conservatoire du littoral) of Capes Lardier and Taillat (Var, France). Our approach was based on an exhaustive cartography of A. arenaria populations, on demographic structure assessment and finally on species releves in presence or absen- ce of A. arenaria. The results show that the viability of the populations of A. arenaria depends on fine soil and trampling. The latter generates a ground erosion and a strong mortality, even if the maintenance of large size individuals remains still possible. The demographic structure could be used as an indicator of the perturbation level of the litto- ral. On the scale of the sampling stations, the releves support the existence of an halore- sistant community associated with A. arenaria but the increase of ruderal and xenophyte species reveals the growing disturbance of this coastal ecosystem.


Background & Objectives: Epidural (EPID) and combined spinal epidural (CSE) techniques have become the mainstay of labor analgesia, but incidence of epidural catheter failure remains 5-10%. Increase in prevalence of morbid obesity has led to increase in cesarean delivery (CD). Thus the reliability of epidural catheter is becoming more important for patient safety. We hypothesized that morbid obesity increases epidural catheter failure.


School counselors participated in a study examining their program evaluation interest and skills. Findings suggest that school counselors understand the importance of program evaluation, yet they may lack the skills and confidence to successfully engage in program evaluation activities. Professional development training may be an important method for helping today's school counselors develop skills and confidence in program evaluation. This article presents implications for school counselor training and practice and recommendations for future research.


Asking doctors and lawyers what they like and dislike about each other brings strong, often negative results. Take a look at the level of trust between doctors and lawyers and learn how both sides view one another. And discover ways to patch up the rocky relationships.


The protection and preservation of irrecoverable, sensitive and fragile objects in museums, exhibitions and collections is critical in various research fields like cultural heritage, human sciences and paleontology. Lately, digitization of such endangered specimens proved to be a valuable tool to convert the objects into a digital form. However, in order to exploit all possibilities that such data could provide for educational and research purposes, it can be useful to transform the digital material back into a physical form. In this case study, a neck of a diplodocid sauropod dinosaur was digitally reproduced by 3D printing (a variant of rapid prototyping). The process is


Objective:To illustrate aristolochic acid nephropathy associated mechanism and observe the folium ginkgo preventive and cural effection on the fibrosis of aristolochic acid nephropathy. Methods: The rat model of aristolochic acid nephropathy was received by gastric tube with caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis. Ten rats' models were named the nontherapy group. 5 rats of the control group were given water. 10 rats' models in the therapy group received by influence of caulcis aristolochiae manshuriensis and folium ginkgo. Renal histology analysis was rerealed. BUN, Serum creatinine, The optical densit of TGF - β_1 , CTGF and FN were observed respectively after twelve weeks. Results:Compared with the rats in therapy and control groups,non- therapy group was significantly lower in the hemoglobin and weight and higher in urinary protein excretion. Renal failure guidelines such as BUN and Serum creatinine in non- therapy group were significantly higher than others, renal histology failure in therapy group was obviously less serious than non - therapy group. The optical densit of TGF - β_1 , CTGF and FN with immunohistochemical in non - therapy group was significantly higher than others. Conclusion: the results indicate that folium ginkgo can prevent and cure the fibrosis of aristolochic acid nephropathy by caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis.


Fr Gibbard is a member ofthe Society ofStJohn the Evangelist at Cowley. He hopes to contribute a further article, on the contemporary vocation of the Society, later in the year. Dr Mascall is Professor of Historical Theology in the University of London at King's College, and a priest of the Oratory of the Good Shepherd. Mr Preston is Lecturer in Christian Ethics in the University of Manchester and a residentiary canon of Manchester Cathedral. Mr Campbell is a physicist 011 the staff of the Cambridge Instrument Company Ltd.


With the aging society, there is an increasing need for services and software focused on older people. Digital games are one option of software to be provided as tools for entertainment, education, and well-being. However, to deliver these benefits, games must be developed according to the needs and preferences of older people. Seeking to improve the process of eliciting preferences from the target public, we applied Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) during the participatory design of a game. RGT is a cognitive interviewing technique based on Personal Construct Psychology, which has applications in different areas, including computer science. Although many articles discuss the application of RGT in the development of systems, we did not find, in the literature, any application of the technique with older people. We developed a game focusing on older people to understand better how such technique could contribute to game development, following action research methodology. We carried out three cycles of action research, all of which involved the use of RGT. The results indicate some benefits of using RGT instead of traditional semi-structured interviews. The main contribution of this work is to provide researchers with an initial understanding of the benefits of the application of the Repertory Grid Technique for the interviews with older people and how to use it during a participatory design.


There are no shortcuts to improving student scores on standard ized tests, but test familiarity will help. The writer advises prin cipals to urge their teachers to become aware of the five basic principles of test taking.


Humans manipulate and learn about objects by not only using vision, but also physical sensory input. To better understand how physical input improves the learning of objects affordances, the relationship between objects and agents, this work aims to characterize forces and torques felt by a force/torque sensor (FTS) mounted on a robot while performing five unique tasks. We simplified the search space by demonstrating to the robot trajectories to perform and recorded 20 interactions where a human operator moved the object in different positions to achieve 10 successful and 10 failed interactions for each task. The visualized information from the FTS shows that it is possible to distinguish successful vs. failed interactions, which indicates there is potential to use this information to build an unified model using both haptic and visual feedback.


This paper reports a newly developed z-axis capacitive accelerometer with high durability to impacts. Our accelerometer has a unique sensing mechanism by which the displacement of an inertial mass caused by an acceleration in the z-axis direction is converted into the rotational displacement of a pair of detection plates. Our accelerometer has a high degree of design freedom in terms of selecting the resonant frequency and sensitivity. While maintaining a constant sensitivity, the resonance frequency and etching hole within the detection plate were designed so as to have an appropriate damping effect. As a result, it achieved an output saturation level higher than 5000 G under the impact acceleration of 5 kHz.


Cotton fibers are the premier natural fibers for textile production. The two tetraploid species, Gossypium barbadense and G. hirsutum, differ significantly in their fiber properties, the former having much longer, finer and stronger fibers. A better understanding of the genetics and underlying biological causes of these differences will aid further improvement of cotton quality through breeding and biotechnology. In the recent period, the availability of a genetically stable interspecific RIL population (140 F2:8 individuals) allowed CIRAD, Bayer Crop Science and CSIRO, to benefit from the financial support of the French National Research Agency (ANR) for a project named "genetic and genomic dissection of cotton fiber quality". The genetic map of the RILs (800 loci, 2044 cM) and more importantly the consensus map resulting from its integration with the BC1 map (75 BC1 + 140 RILs, 1745 loci, 3637 cM) now constitutes one of the best basis internationally, as it offers a maximized number of bridge loci in common with other interspecific G hirsutum x G barbadense maps (TAG, 2009, 119:281-292). The phenotypic characterisation of the fibers of the RILs on 4 continents and several growing seasons generated 11 independent fiber data sets which served for QTL mapping. The 167 significant fiber QTLs (LOD>permutation based threshold) and 651 putative LOD peaks (LOD>2) from these RIL experiments were integrated with QTLs from the BC1 and from the literature. The meta-analysis of this large set of QTL data using MetaQTL software indicated that some chromosome regions hosted "confirmed" QTLs. An effective co-localization of unidirectional (similar sign of additivity) LOD peaks from at least 5 independent data sets was observed in at least 26 cases (a given fiber trait and a given chromosome region) where meta-clusters of QTLs were defined (BMC Plant Biol, 2010, 10:132). The fiber trancriptomes of the 2 parents and of a set of 88 RILs were analyzed with focus on 2 key developmental stages (10 and 22 days post anthesis) using 2 profiling techniques, quantitative 3' targeting cDNA-AFLP and microarray hybridizations. Both platforms showed their utility for the population-wide profiling of the differential expression of an important number of gene transcripts (4,400 and 22,000 respectively). QTL analysis applied to gene expression resulted in large numbers of (>5000) expression QTLs. This is the first report of an application of a genetical genomics approach in cotton. (Texte integral)


Innovative and contemporary methods have established "digital mode of chemistry learning" as a known medium in the pre-COVID era. Developing countries, however, had less exposure and reliance on digital platforms, while the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the digital translation from conventional classroom setup, making it a mandate overnight. As students, we reflect on this transition to capture our chemistry learning experience concerning its effectiveness and its scope in the virtual space. Our e-classrooms made use of student-generated/-collaborative content as a learning tool replacing conventional classrooms. The availability of time to explore has encouraged extended chemistry e-learning to keep up in relevance to real time. The student spirit in us was also catered to while giving a scope of building a student community that shares and expands relevant chemistry ideas. Although we have caught up with the current times by overcoming challenges the digital space holds, the prospect of chemistry learning in postpandemic times is uncertain, with respect to factors influencing developing countries. This reflection on student perspectives supported by peer survey results is a competent tool to assist the re-evaluation of postpandemic chemical education practices.


We have studied by AES the possible distribution of silver in epitaxial YBCO thin films fabricated by PLD using one YBCO+Ag target. The silver distribution seems to depend on the used substrate and was localized both in the splashing particles and in the smooth regions of the films. The intrinsic pinning energy was determined. The obtained value suggests that silver does not act as a pinning center inside the superconducting grains.


Pediatric hospitalization is known to be associated with adverse developmental and psychosocial outcomes for young patients. Art therapy is a direct means of addressing the emotional world of the hospitalized child. However, the hospital setting sometimes requires adaptations of this practice to a short-term mode. To explore the characteristics of the adjusted short-term art therapy mode, 10 experienced art therapists who work with hospitalized children were interviewed. Results highlighted the unique aspects of working with children who enter short-term hospitalization, addressing the unknown but most likely brief duration of art therapy and the issues involved, such as the need to use problem-focused strategies, the diffused therapeutic space, interaction with a multidisciplinary staff, and parent's presence during the therapy session. Integrating the principles of art therapy with the principles of short-term therapy, this paper explores a model for carrying out short-term art therapy with children undergoing short hospitalization.


Abstract The article describes and analyses some of the problems of running a live case study for undergraduate students at a real work place. The case was concerned with decision making in a business organisation in general and with the selection of an advertising strategy for lager in particular. A discussion about the preparations needed is followed by an analysis of the costs and benefits derived. Learning strategies are briefly outlined and some issues of joint assessment between academics and industrialists are raised The article concludes with a number of findings which, it is hoped, colleagues planning similar exercises will find useful.


A multidirectional transmission scheme using direct antenna modulation (DAM) based on an array with 2-bit phase control is presented. By switching each element phase properly, the line-of-sight (LOS) communication channels generated by the scheme can be independent from each other at various directions. Compared to previous work, the use of 2-bit phase control offers prospects of lower system cost and simpler phase control. An algorithmic method for calculating the required phase control for simultaneous, independent multiuser data modulation is described, and specific examples are presented.


The condition of the covid-19 virus pandemic gave to the term "new normal" lifestyle in society., They must wear a fabric mask who can be produces by digital printing as one of the visual promotional media. Therefore, the product is used as part of the lecture assignments for product design students at Esa Unggul University. It uses the process to development characteristic motifs as a visual material for printing masks. The goal is that they can apply the result of process to include a new visual aesthetic in a product. The applied research method was carried out by involving product design students from Esa Unggul University who were involved in similar course through questionnaire data collection. The result was found that the development creating characteristics motifs to produce new visuals or patterns. It can be used as a promotional media for a visual campaign for a printing mask product. In other words, the development creating process base of human image triangular can be used as experience developing characteristic motifs for designing printing masks. It is suggested to train the sensitive of product design student in visualizing the characteristics of visual campaign printing masks.