As for 3-D orthogonal woven composite,a new homogenized eigen-element method is proposed in this paper.The term 'eigen-element' means that the element can depict the characteristics of geometry and material configurations.The global stiffness matrix of 3-D orthogonal woven composite unit cell is obtained using the ordinary finite element method with the eigenvectors of the global stiffness matrix and the eigen-element of the unit cell is constructed.After comparing the stiffness matrix elements of the eigen-element with those obtained by conventional homogenization method,it's shown that the eigen-element can depict the details of geometric and material configuration of the unit cell.In order to validate the eigen-element,the inherent frequencies of 3-D woven composite beam are computed by eigen-element method,conventional homogenization method and ordinary finite element method respectively,the results demonstrate that the eigen-element is more precise than the conventional homogenization method,and the amount of computational work reduce greatly comparing with the ordinary finite element method.


Consider a smooth Hamiltonian function on the cotangent bundle of the n-dimensional torus such that its restriction on every fiber is strictly convex. Let L be a Lagrange invariant torus of the Hamiltonian flow which is homologous to the zero section. We show that, under some assumptions, L is a smooth section of the cotangent bundle.


(Problem) To address the problem of an increase in the complexity of the structure of a ROADM device using a WSS device when WSS is multiplexed or made redundant. (Solution) An optical transmission device provided with an optical add-drop multiplexer which produces an output by multiplexing/demultiplexing arbitrary wavelengths into or from first signal light and second signal light that are input, and a multiplexer/demultiplexer to which the input of the first signal light and the second signal light is switched, characterized in that the multiplexer/demultiplexer is transmissive to a predetermined wavelength band of the first signal light, and produces an output by multiplexing/demultiplexing the first signal light that has been transmitted and the second signal light.


Pressure induced structural aspects of NaCl-type (B1) to CsCl-type (B2) structure in alkaline-earth-chalcogenides (BaX; X = S, Se and Te) are presented. An effective interionic interaction potential (EIoIP) with long-range Coulomb and three-body interactions and the Hafemeister and Flygare type short-range overlap repulsion extended upto the second neighbour ions and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction is developed. Emphasis has been given to evaluate the vdW coefficients following the Slater-Kirkwood variational method, as both the ions are polarizable. The lattice model calculations have revealed reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data on the phase-transition pressures (P t = 7.0, 7.0, 6.0 GPa) and the elastic properties of BaX (X = S, Se and Te). The equation of state curves (plotted between V (P)/V(0) and pressure) for both the B1and B2 structures obtained by us are in fairly good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated values of the volume collapses [ΔV(P)/V(0)] are also closer to their observed data. Further, the variations of the second order elastic constants with pressure have followed a systematic trend, which are almost identical to those exhibited by the observed data measured for other semiconducting compounds with B1 → B2 structural phase transitions.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In Michigan, the American Cancer Society estimates 5350 newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) cases a year. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is commonly used to treat localized PCa. By comparing lower (<10 RPs per year) and higher (>10 RPs per year) volume surgeons, we aim to discern variation in patient selection and surgeon technique to identify avenues to improve functional outcomes. METHODS: The Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC), a statewide quality improvement consortium of >250 diverse MI urologists, uses a web-based data registry to collect information regarding a patient's RP. In April 2014, MUSIC began a patient reported outcomes (PRO) program. RP patients completed validated surveys pre- and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-RP, and a goal was set to increase the social continence (0-1 pads per day) rate at 3-months post-RP. In this study, bivariate tests compared patient characteristics between lower and higher volume surgeons, and a mixed-effects logistic regression model determined the independent effect of volume on 3-month social continence. RESULTS: The analysis included 2704 patients treated by 108 RP surgeons (48 lower volume surgeons completing 202 RPs and 60 higher volume surgeons completing 2502 RPs). The social continence rate 3 months post-RP was 56% and 67% (p<0.001) for lower and higher volume surgeons, respectively. Lower volume surgeons were less likely to perform bilateral nerve sparing (46% vs 70%, p<0.001) and their patients had higher preoperative PSA (median 6.7 vs. 6.0, p=0.036). Other factors (BMI, race, clinical T stage, age) were not significantly different between volume groups. Higher volume surgeons' patients were more likely to reach social continence at 3 months post-RP (OR=1.81, p=0.006, Table). CONCLUSIONS: RP for localized PCa is a complex operation, and these data provide further evidence that all RP surgeons should participate in PRO. MUSIC PRO provides a framework to identify surgeon characteristics or techniques that may be useful in improving functional outcomes through activities such as skills workshops, video review, and mentoring. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan


Watermarking neural networks is a quite important means to protect the intellectual property (IP) of neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a novel digital watermarking framework suitable for deep neural networks that output images as the results, in which any image outputted from a watermarked neural network must contain a certain watermark. Here, the host neural network to be protected and a watermark-extraction network are trained together, so that, by optimizing a combined loss function, the trained neural network can accomplish the original task while embedding a watermark into the outputted images. This work is totally different from previous schemes carrying a watermark by network weights or classification labels of the trigger set. By detecting watermarks in the outputted images, this technique can be adopted to identify the ownership of the host network and find whether an image is generated from a certain neural network or not. We demonstrate that this technique is effective and robust on a variety of image processing tasks, including image colorization, super-resolution, image editing, semantic segmentation and so on.


This thesis pose~ two research questions that focus on MBTI personality types and specific strategies used to disengage romantic intimate heterosexual relationships. 1) Would one specific MBTI personality type prefer to use one dominate strategy to disengage a relationship? 2) Would any relationship situation yield one dominate strategy to disengage a relationship? A total of 116 college students were surveyed at a small Midwestern university. Age ranged from 18 years to 55 years with a mean age of 23. 6 years. The experimental method consisted of administering Form G of the MBTI and an additional strategies. questionnaire measuring The t-test for simple relationship effects found significance between MBTI types and strategy selected to dissolve relationships at the (.05) level. Significant results were also found for type of situation and strategy selection at the (. 05) level. The conclusions of this study found that certain MBTI personality types prefer to disengage relationships by using specific types of strategies. also found to be significant. Situations were Relationship Disengagement


The 25th anniversary of the Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Gls3,ow, was celebrated at a meeting entitled 'Rheumatology 1990'. Organised by the current consultants, Dr Hilary Capell and Dr Roger Sturrock, it was held in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow on 22-23 March 1990. Most of the speakers and chairmen were past or current staff of the Centre; the presence of so many at this event was a tribute to the affection inspired by the Centre and its founders-notably, Professor Watson Buchanan. Although part of the university department of medicine at the Royal Infirmary of Glasgow, the Centre was established in the separate disused fever hospital at Baird Street. It was soon recognised locally by the care its patients received, and world wide by the breadth and quality of the research. As with all small communities it was proud of its survival and growth, and its increasing renown. The first session was devoted to the immunogenetics of rheumatic diseases. Dr John Bell outlined the complexity of the HLA region at the molecular level, and discussed studies of other regions that might unravel the immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The structure of HLA molecules relative to antigen presentation to T cells was reviewed. Detection of the similarity in amino acid sequences of the f1 chain third hypervariable region of DRI, DR4, Dw4, and Dwl4 highlighted the achievements possible with the new tools available. Professor Connor balanced the perspective of the molecular biologists by reconciling the achievements of the old and new genetics. The role of non-HLA-DR genes in the immunogenetic heterogepeity of RA was introduced by Dr David Grennan. HLA class III genes were shown to modify HLA-DR, resulting in rheumatoid vasculitis and Felty's syndrome. Class I HLA genes were not forgotten. Professor Verna Wright reviewed the clinical studies that led to the concept of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Dr Sturrock reminded the audience that environmental triggers in ankylosing spondylitis were first postulated by Davis Collie in 1875. He also drew from his clinical experience and summarised data produced in his laboratory and by others for environmental triggers in the HLA-B27 arthropathies. Professor Keith Whaley reported on factors that inhibit complement action in immune complex diseases. He described a hepatocyte glycoprotein which inhibits complement activation and reduces its solubility, as well as binding to the Fc end of IgG. The therapeutic potential of this finding was raised in the discussion by Dr Tony Boyle. Professor David Lawson chaired the session on existing treatments-as a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines he pointed out that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most common agents for which yellow cards were submitted. Professor Brooks highlighted the non-prostaglandin effects of NSAIDs and expressed concern about sustained prostaglandin inhibition achieved within the inflamed joint by the longer acting agents. Dr Tony Boyle reflected both on the early days of the Centre and on dollars created for the pharmaceutical industry by NSAIDs. The FDA decision that NSAID packaging should carry a warning about the estimated 2-4% risk of gastrointestinal ulceration per year was regretted by Dr Boyle because he considered the figure was too low. Dr Capell emphasised the practical and statistical problems associated with long term studies of second line agents in RA, and stressed the considerable co-morbidity often seen in patients with RA. Using RA as a model, Dr Jill Belch presented data to support inhibition of the lipoxygenase pathway as beneficial in chronic inflammation. Alteration of the substrate from arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid or dihomo-ylinolenic acid, thereby altering the class of eicosanoid to less proinflammatory products, was a potential alternative treatment. Professor R Maini represented the Kennedy Institute, which is also celebrating 25 years of rheumatology. Studies at the Kennedy showed that a monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor could downregulate interleukin-1 in vitro. Therapeutic approaches following this and other insights into interactions between antigen presenting and T cells were discussed. Parallels betweenRA and haemophilic arthritis were drawn by Dr Madhok, who emphasised that approaches familiar to the rheumatologist could be successfully applied to the treatment and perhaps prevention of haemophilic arthritis. Professor George Nuki, eyeing 'The outlook for osteoarthritics', found little cheer. Our ignorance of cartilage degeneration and the lack of reliable biochemical markers for disease process and progress hindered a rational search for treatment. He could foresee no intervention Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow M Brzeski R Madhok


"Just make it through the first year and everything will become much easier." How many health professionals have said this to parents of premature infants as they prepare to leave the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)? In my 12 years of experience working as an NICU nurse, I said it to many parents. Yet it wasn't until I delivered my premature daughter, weighing 790 gm at 26 weeks, that I began to understand the reality of the crisis that parents endure in the first year of their premature infant's life.1


In this paper, non-mainstream schemes for reducing standby power consumption and existing problems in them are analyzed, the model of power consumption is defined, hardware structure and practical results obtained by using this scheme are given.


The linguistic analysis of oral and written texts has produced, according to various authors, a list of characteristics pertaining to each modality (for example, Goody, 1987). Thus, lexical or syntactic features are proposed as defining characteristics for oral and written registers and as what maintains these registers separate as objects of analysis. In recent times, however, new textual modalities have arisen, such as electronic messages, the 'talk' and 'chat' that have obliged the creators and users of such texts to manufacture rules as they go along for the creation and use of the same, rules that frequently are not well-defined, as these new texts are a hybrid form of orality and writing.
In the present study a preliminary analysis of texts produced in the "chat" mode is presented. In the analysis we will try to differentiate between the features that make those texts oral and those that make them written, since it has been observed that, on the one hand, "chat" occurs with turn-taking, adjacent pairs, conversational openings and closings and the use of discourse markers which belong to conversational texts (Schiffrin, 1987). On the other hand, some people who "chat", even in situations of "high orality", such as in a pornographic conversation, demand that their interlocutors conform to the standards appropriate to written texts.


A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of attending the graduation ceremony of singer and actress Kylie Minogue for the Order of British Empire (OBE).


A data sampling strategy was developed for the use of a satellite sensor-based methodology to estimate the urban heat-island temperature bias associated with climate observation stations. NOAA-AVHRR observations at a grid scale of 1 km×1 km were analysed on a local (3 km×3 km) and regional (41 km×41 km) basis centred on the climate observation stations of interest. The grid cells of the regional sample were evaluated and only those designated as rural were used in further analysis. Local and regional diVerences in the normalized diVerence vegetation index and radiant surface temperature were used to estimate the urban heat-island bias associated with the climate observation stations. These values were compared to a population-based methodology and a satellite sensor/station-derived methodology that required locations of known rural observation stations associated with the local observation station of interest. Generally, the heat-island bias estimates provided by the methodology that relied solely on satellite sensor data were similar to the other methodologies. The datasets used to identify the regional grid cells as rural are available on a global basis as are the vegetation index and radiant surface temperature data. Thus, the satellite sensor-based methodology developed may be uniformly applicable on a global basis. Also, a reference to Eidenshink (1992) (page 1936) was omitted in this paper. Eidenshink, J. E., 1992, The 1990 Conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 58, 809–813. Taylor & Francis apologises for this error. int. j. remote sensing, 2002, vol. 23, no. 17, 3522 Erratum EVect of El Niño on inter-annual variability of ozone during the period 1978–2000 over the Indian subcontinent and China R. P. SINGH†‡, S. SARKAR‡** and A. SINGH† †United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Resource Information Database (UNEP/GRID), Sioux Falls, EROS Data Center, SD 57198, USA ‡Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kampur— 208 016, India **present address—George Hason University, Fairfax, VA, USA (Received 26 October 2000; in Ž nal form 25 April 2001 ) The 'received' and 'in Ž nal form' dates were omitted in this paper, which was published in International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 23, number 12, pages 2429–2456. Taylor & Francis apologises for this error. .


The architecture of an indoor target localization system employing a small number of infrared-emitting diodes and sensors is presented in this paper. The properties of infrared light and magnetic fields have already been exploited for position localization in distances of several centimeters. Ultrasonic waves and laser light can be used for longer distance estimation if the system is capable of accurately measuring the time of flight of the reflected signals. The proposed approach intends to cover a distance of several meters without requiring high accuracy measurements and sensors of increased precision. The digital infrared patterns that are transmitted from a constant position are recognized by a pair of sensors mounted on the moving target, with varying success rate depending on the distance and the angular displacement from the transmitter. Processing the success rate instead of the analogue signal intensity requires low-cost digital microcontroller systems of moderate precision and computational power. Moreover, longer distances can be covered since attenuated, noisy, or scrambled patterns are also important for the position estimation in the proposed approach. A proper modeling of the pattern recognition success rate is presented in order to estimate distances of several meters with an adjustable estimation error. The use of multiple infrared pattern transmitting devices results in extension of the area covered and a reduction of the estimation error due to additional crosschecks that may be accomplished. The area covered can be increased by a factor between 20% and 100% depending on the allowed range overlapping of the transmitting devices. The potential topology of these devices is also discussed and analyzed. The presented system can be used in several virtual reality and robotics applications


Over the years, the prevailing paradigm to improve individual and financial family well-being has been fixated on teaching financial education and providing financial information. The assumption in academic institutions and training centers for practitioners was that financial education and financial informa- tion were the first steps leading to general consumer empowerment. An empowered consumer would have an advantage in the marketplace. This conven- tional assumption was challenged by McGregor (2005). The President's Advisory Council on Finan- cial Capability (PACFC), charged to advise the President and the Secretary of the Treasury on ways to empower Americans to better understand and address financial matters, also recognized that finan- cial education—in the sense of providing the skills and knowledge on financial matters—is necessary, but not sufficient (President's Advisory Council on


An attempt was made to determine whether changes of electrical activity could be seen in the posterior cortex during an after image of high frequency luminance gratings. Steady state visual evoked potentials were recorded (midoccipital, right and left temporo-occipital sites) immediately after a period of visual adaptation (15 min) to the stimulus, while the subjects experienced the after image. During this illusion, frequencies of the fast Fourier transform spectra linked to the stimulation differed from the noise and were larger at temporo-occipital sites than at the midoccipital on e. in view of these results, the hypothesis that the after effect represents a short term storage of the temporal characteristics of the stimulus is evoked.


This paper firstly analyzes the rapidly decline trend of Nokia,and then proposes the importance of innovation ecosystem in the strategic management practice. Accordingly,the paper puts forward the concept of innovation ecosystem based on the former studies and arguments,and discusses the essences,connotations,and the key characteristics of the innovation ecosystem. In the end,the paper suggests the academic values and the policy implications of the concept and the theory.


The irradiation growth of the Zircaloy-4 cladding in the KOFA fuel loaded in the Kori-2 nuclear plant was measured to evaluate the irradiation growth behavior and to be compared with that of the Siemens cladding having different manufacturing process. Due to the partial recrystallization by final heat treatment, the KOFA Zircaloy-4 cladding showed a two step irradiation growth behavior such as the growth saturation and the accerlation which is typical of the fully annealed Zircaloy cladding. The difference in the measured irradiation growth rate between the KOFA and the Siemens cladding could be explained by the difference in the cladding texture which depends on the manufacturing process. From the measured irradiation growth data of Kori-2 KOFA fuel, a two-step irradiation growth model of the KOFA Zircaloy-4 cladding was derived, the accuracy of which can be more clearly verified as the measured data of the irradiation growth are accumulated in the future.


In this study ,spatial video camera was used to capture field data required to establish a geospatial data base that was used with ArcGIS Network analyst for the development of a methodology for the optimization of MSW collection in limited area that have barriers enclosing some roads as a precaution procedure. The method uses various geographical data (road network, location of waste bins


Spinel composite ceramics reinforced with 0-40vol% β-silicon carbide whiskers were prepared by hot-pressing at 1800°C under 30MPa for 30min. The mechanical properties (bending strength, hardness, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness) of the hot-pressed bodies were measured. Fully dense composites were obtained in the whisker content up to 30vol%. The composite mixed with 30vol% whiskers showed the highest room temperature bending strength (about 440MPa), which was about two times as large as that of monolithic spinel. These composites had more excellent high temperature strengths than monolithic spinel. The hardness and modulus of elasticity of dense sintered bodies increased with an increase in whisker content. The fracture toughness increased monotonously with increasing whisker content and showed maximum values (3.5-4.0 MPa⋅m1/2) at 40vol%, which were 2.1-2.7 times as large as those of monolithic spinel due to crack deflection and pull-out of whiskers.


The single event effects (SEE) in ferroelectric random access memories (FRAM) are investigated and the error modes are analyzed using heavy ions. Under the irradiation of heavy ions with high linear energy transfer (LET) values, data upsets are dominated by "0" to "1" upsets of which the cross section is larger than that of "1" to "0" upsets by an order of magnitude and most upsets are detected in addresses with the all "1" error pattern (FFFFH). In addition, most of the upsets occur in events that involve several consecutively accessed addresses. With the increase of ion LET, the percentage of the data upsets in events involving more than 10 consecutively accessed addresses increases monotonically.


Despite growing interest in workplace flexibility, relatively little is known about how the dynamics of flexible options might differ in for-profit, nonprofit, and public sector organizations. This short report evaluates the relative importance of various barriers against and motivators for flexible options in the public, nonprofit private, and for-profit private sectors using two similar surveys of private sector (2006 National Study of Business Strategy and Workforce Development Survey) and public sector (2008 States as Employers-of-Choice Survey) organizations in the USA. While there are some differences in what motivates organizations in each sector to adopt flexible work options, the differences in barriers to flexibility are more noticeable. For instance, the three groups of organizations differ significantly in the importance of implementation costs, employee pressures to adopt these policies and programs, and the extent to which more pressing issues prevent a focus on workplace flexibility. The results of this short report, while preliminary, suggest that understanding both what motivates organizations to adopt flexible work options and what prevents them from doing so should help advocates of workplace flexibility to design policies and programs better suited to each sector.


The paper explores the contribution of tourism industry operators to pro-poor tourism development in Zimbabwe. This research investigates a possible nexus between the aforementioned tourism growth and its potential for poverty reduction in communities surrounding Victoria Falls and Hwange. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with tourism industry businesses that exhibited their products and services at the International Travel Expo held on the 18th- 21st of October 2012 at the Harare International Conference Centre in Zimbabwe. Findings indicate that the tourism industry is keen to engage in pro-poor tourism initiatives for the rural people despite the political and economic turmoil that the industry has suffered over the past years. In Zimbabwe, 80% of the population resides in rural areas and a sizable fraction of these are near National Parks and Tourism Resorts, for example, Hwange National Park, the biggest Park in Zimbabwe and Victoria Falls, respectively. The findings point to the fact that tourism operators appreciate the need to incorporate pro-poor initiatives in their operations as evidenced by their commitment towards education funding initiatives, employment of the poor and generation of income from village tours. However more could be done to enhance the pro-poor tourism benefits that accrue to the rural poor by establishing close linkages between tourism operators and local communities.


The analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature devoted to certain aspects of the use of platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis of the knee joint was carried out. The world experience of using PRP in traumatology and sports medicine is summarized on this topic. The search was carried out using the electronic databases Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, eLibrary for the period from 2003 to 2020. To search, we used keywords and their combinations: "platelet-rich plasma", "cartilage pathology", "osteoarthritis of the knee joint", "athletes". According to the results of the study, it was found that PRP therapy can be considered a useful method of treating patients with knee osteorarthritis (COA). According to the results of the search, 248 articles were found. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A limited number of reliable works have been published in the available literature. Further research is needed to understand the short- and long-term effects of PRP on patients with COA.


We synthesized a series of "rod–coil" graft copolymers containing a laterally expanded poly-p-phenylene (PPP) backbone grafted with nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or ionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) side chains (denoted as PPP-g-PEO or PPP-g-PAA). The effect of the side chains on the self-assembly of the graft copolymers in THF–water mixed solvents was investigated. The PPP-g-PEO copolymers exhibited temperature-dependent self-assembly behavior, which is affected by the grafting percentage (GP) and the degree of polymerization (DP) of PEO. At 25 °C, which is higher than the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the PEO chains, PPP-g-PEO self-assembled into ultralong helices with controlled pitches when PN > 6lm/4b, where P represents GP, N denotes DP of PEO, lm expresses the length of a repeating unit in PPP, and b is Kuhn monomer length of a free jointed PEO chain; when PN < 6lm/4b, only nonhelical nanowires were observed. At 10 °C, which is below Tc of PEO, PPP-g-PEO self-assembled into polygonal multi...


Video security and surveillance applications have characteristics that fit well with the capabilities offered by media processors. We compare and contrast media processor, ASIC, and general purpose processor approaches to video application development, including the ongoing evolution of architecture and development tools. A state of the art media processor-based DVR application is described as a case study of the benefits and challenges of using a media processor for advanced video development.


In media's attempt to humanize the impact of war, dramatic images of disgruntled human bodies seeking refuge in faraway lands have become symbols of suffering and calls for humanitarian action. However, some media scholars are claiming that compassion fatigue is desensitizing media audiences to the human cost of war. This article argues that certain images resonate with greater signification that offers new ways of looking at compassion as a form of dialogue. The photo of Kim Phuc, the young Vietnamese girl burned by napalm on the fields of Vietnam stands out in our collective memory. There are many others but only a few attain such iconic status. And as war becomes more politically complex, so too are media?s role in portraying the suffering of children especially in the context of forced migration. The photographic image of the three-year old Syrian boy, Aylan Kurdi, washed ashore on a beach in Turkey and the many discourses it engendered represent a new mediated form of human suffering. As Barthes argued, there is a difference between a photograph that "shouts" and a photograph that "wounds". The swift refugee policy changes expressed by some world leaders days after Aylan?s image came out in mass media is revealing on many levels. Drawing from online media coverage of this particular media event, this article argues that media's dialogic potential problematizes competing arguments between moral obligation and moral imperialism where culture and race are implicated in policy decisions on refugeehood and cultural integration.


The present paper studies the conceptualization of anger by native speakers of English. The conceptual study of emotions has a well known tradition among linguists (Koveceses 1986, 1995a, 1995b, 2000; Lakoff 1987; Lakoff & Kovecses, 1987; Geeraerts & Grondelaers, 1995; Gevaert 2005). When dealing with the study of emotions from a linguistic perspective it is important to differentiate, following Foolen (1997), between the spontaneous expression of an emotion and the description of it. This paper focuses on the latter. Following Kovecses (2000) I attempt at showing how some aspects of the folk concept of anger are illustrated in English pop fiction stories by the use of specific linguistic constructs.


The authors compare three ion-core scattering potentials in a LEED study of the (111) surface of copper: the Hedin-Lundqvist excited state potential and the X alpha potential with alpha =0.4 and 0.7. They conclude that the Hedin-Lundqvist excited state potential, in contradistinction to the X alpha potentials, yields results in excellent agreement with experiment. The topmost copper layer is found to be relaxed by -0.6%.


This paper examines the relationship between total Bank credit, liquid liability and Gross domestic product in India over the period of 2000–2014. This study mainly focuses on direction of causality between financial development and economic growth of India. The ADF unit root test indicated that the variable of the study are stationary at second difference. Johnson Co-integration test proven that through trace statistic and Max Eigen Statistic LNM3 and LNTBC and LNGDP all are Co-integrated. LNGDP and LNM3 has Positive associate in the long run. LNGDP and LNTBC has negative associate in the long run. This study recommend that Liquid liability (Broad money) which is control variable is positive associate with economic Growth. Total Bank Credit has causality with GDP but it is negative associate with Indian economy.


Service Excellence is one term that evolved into today's marketing management science. Excellent service can actualize customer loyalty, so it is expected that the company's sales continue to increase. In order to build customer loyalty, Toyota dealers rely on personnel at the front liner, one of them is a Sales Assistant (SAS), which has an obligation to provide excellent services to customers. There are 6 (six) variable-rate service (service excellence) to customers who simultaneously carried out by the SAS as well. The variables of service excellence, among others: (1) the ability, (2) attitude, (3) appearance, (4) attention, (5) the action, and (6) accountability. Service excellence variables are understood, believed and done by the SAS in order to increase sales in AUTO 2000 Sukun-Malang branch. Service excellence variable is also a full concern and as a matter of evaluation for the Branch Manager or Supervisor, thus becoming one of the important materials in trainings conducted by the company. That from the six (6) variables excellence SAS service provided to the customer has a different order of priority for the SAS of AUTO 2000 Sukun-Malang branch. However, the results of this study, the majority of SAS convey that attitude is the main variable that they have prioritized for display to the customer, and this is recognized by the Supervisor and Head of Branch in AUTO 2000 Sukun-Malang branch. Keywords: S ervice excellence, Sales Assistant (SAS), Astra International, Toyota  AUTO 2000.


Secondary coordination sphere interactions are critical in facilitating the formation, stabilization, and enhanced reactivity of high-valent oxidants required for essential biochemical processes. Herein, we compare the C-H bond oxidizing capabilities of spectroscopically char-acterized synthetic heme iron(IV) oxo complexes, F8Cmpd-II (F8 = tetrakis(2,6-difluorophenyl)porphyrinate) and a 2,6-lutidinium triflate (LutH+) Lewis acid adduct which provides ferryl O-atom hydrogen-bonding, F8Cmpd-II(LutH+). Second order rate constants utilizing C-H and C-D substrates were obtained by UV-vis spectroscopic monitoring while products were characterized and quantified by EPR spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC). With xanthene, F8Cmpd-II(LutH+) reacts 40 times faster (14.2 M-1s-1; -90 °C) than does F8Cmpd-II, giving bixanthene plus xanthone; the heme product is [F8FeIIIOH2]+. For substrates with greater C-H bond disso-ciation energies (BDEs) k2(9,10-dihydroanthracene; DHA) = 0.485 M-1 s-1 and k2(fluorene) = 0.102 M-1 s-1; by contrast, F8Cmpd-II is unreac-tive towards these substrates. For xanthene vs. xanthene-(d2), large, apparently nonclassical deuterium kinetic isotope effects are roughly estimated for both F8Cmpd-II and F8Cmpd-II(LutH+) The deuterated H-bonded analog, F8Cmpd-II(LutD+), was also prepared; for the reaction with DHA, an inverse KIE (compared to F8Cmpd-II(LutH+)) was observed. This work originates/inaugurates experimental investigation of the reactivity of authentic H-bonded heme-based FeIV=O compounds, critically establishing the importance of oxo H-bonding (or protonation) in heme complexes and enzyme active sites.


The increase in the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells affects negatively their power conversion efficiency and decreases their lifetime. The negative effects are particularly pronounced in concentrator solar cells. Therefore, it is crucial to limit the PV cell temperature by effectively removing the excess heat. Conventional thermal phase change materials (PCMs) and thermal interface materials (TIMs) do not possess the thermal conductivity values sufficient for thermal management of the next generation of PV cells. In this paper, we report the results of investigation of the increased efficiency of PV cells with the use of graphene-enhanced TIMs. Graphene reveals the highest values of the intrinsic thermal conductivity. It was also shown that the thermal conductivity of composites can be increased via utilization of graphene fillers. We prepared TIMs with up to 6% of graphene designed specifically for PV cell application. The solar cells were tested using the solar simulation module. It was found that the drop in the output voltage of the solar panel under two-sun concentrated illumination can be reduced from 19% to 6% when grapheneenhanced TIMs are used. The proposed method can recover up to 75% of the power loss in solar cells.


The invention relates to construction in earthquake-prone areas of buildings and structures, under vibrodynamic loads effects on plants in the cities, and is also applicable to constructions containers of dry bulk in the industrial centers that have a source of vibration, and can be used in the vehicle to create the body structure . Technically achievable result - increase of seismic resistance of a brick wall panel. This is achieved in that the earthquake-proof brick wall panel, comprising masonry brick with holes on the middle of the width and one-fourth the length of the brick ends stacked in solution with registration holes into the channels, and reinforcing rods passed through the channels with a rigid fixing of their at the ends by flat abutment thickness equal to the thickness of the mortar joint in the channels at the ends of the panel has layers of vibration damping material is a U-shaped type, the spatial sensing vibration reinforcing Sr. zhni performed damping, and each of them is a cylindrical damping member for the ends of which are rigidly attached flat rigid supports, and the inner cavity is filled with a layer of vibration damping material, such as sand, and the densities of vibration damping layer is less than the density of the outer cylindrical mantle of the damping element.


We investigate time-resolved photoluminescence in Ga(NAs)/GaAs. We find that energy relaxation of optically excited carriers from the conduction band into nitrogen-related cluster states depends on temperature, excitation density, and effective nitrogen concentration after hydrogenation.


I. IntroductionCitation analysis is a bibliometric technique of counting citations. Researchers may need to gauge the importance of their publications by this method of citation analysis. They may gain information about that article's impact on its discipline simply by counting the number of times it has been cited in research publications. An article having high citation count may be concluded that it has been the subject of discussion or criticism in its discipline. Above all finding the list of articles that have cited an article can help you to find more information about your research topic, a process called "citation chasing".Garfield (1979), "citation links provide quantitative picture of journal utility and relationships that are useful". Smith (1981), Citation analysis is now commonly used to determine what titles to purchase, to discontinue, or to weed. The Main idea of citation analysis is that citations reflect the real impact of published scientific results. It also represents the passage of ideas within and among academic disciplines. This exchange process has the potential to enhance or expand a field's knowledge development. Moreover, majority of the important information will be found in the core, highly cited journals.Reitz (2004-2013), Citation analysis may be defined as "a bibliometric technique in which works cited in publications are examined to determine patterns of scholarly communication, for example, the comparative importance of books versus journals, or of current versus retrospective sources, in one or more academic disciplines. The citation in student research papers, theses, and dissertations are also examined by librarians for purposes of collection evaluation and development".This technique has been widely used to empirically investigate the structure of scholarly activities in many disciplines. It has been used for the research pattern, core journal lists for collection development etc. The present paper analyses citations appearing in Information Research: an international electronic journal (IR) in order to find out average number of articles and citations per year, different form of citations, most preferred form of citations etc.II. Literature surveyHerring (2002) conducted citation analysis on the research articles published in electronic journals during 1999-2000. This study focused on the extent to which scholars were using those resources and the types and subject areas of those online resources that were being referred. The results showed a growing trend of using online resources and a high use of interdisciplinary references.Sharif and Mahmood (2004) selected eight volumes each of Pakistan Development Review (PDR) and Pakistan Economic and Social Review (PESR) to find the citation pattern of articles. PDR has been the most cited journal in both. Mean score of citations per article remained insignificantly different in the two journals. More than 50% of the citations of both the journals were single authored and from non-journal sources, mainly books. About 47% of the total citations of the PDR were up to five years old as compared to PESR citations, where only 25% fell into this category. The top most cited journals in both the cases were from USA.Ozcinar (2009) examined citations in research publications and trends in instructural design appearing in journals indexed in Web of Science covering the period 1980-2008. A total of 758 documents were analysed to find out journal of publication, document type, year of publication, citations, h-index etc. About 87% of the total authors were from seven countries.Hussain and Swain (2011) carried out a study to evaluate the top papers of Computer Science as reflected in Science Direct. It aims to find out authorship pattern, ranking of authors, ranking of country productivity, ranking of journals and highly cited papers covering 20 issues of alert service beginning from January/March 2005 to October/December 2010 containing a total number of 495 articles. …


Responding to Distressed Students (University of California, Santa Barbara, Counseling Services) Addresses how to deal with students who have problems ranging from aggression and potential violence to substance abuse, suicide, and irrational behavior. Clicking on one of the problems listed, leads to a page of useful information, including dos and don'ts for each type of behavior. http://www.sa.ucsb.edu/responding-to-distressed-students/welcome [5]


We propose a new automatic evaluation metric for machine translation. Our proposed metric is obtained by adjusting the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) to the evaluation task. The EMD measure is used to obtain the distance between two probability distributions consisting of some signatures having a feature and a weight. We use word embeddings, sentence-level tf-idf, and cosine similarity between two word embeddings, respectively, as the features, weight, and the distance between two features. Results show that our proposed metric can evaluate machine translation based on word meaning. Moreover, for distance, cosine similarity and word position information are used to address word-order differences. We designate this metric as Word Embedding-Based automatic MT evaluation using Word Position Information (WE_WPI). A meta-evaluation using WMT16 metrics shared task set indicates that our WE_WPI achieves the highest correlation with human judgment among several representative metrics.


The physical model of half-coiled jacket was simplified to helical tube with semicircular cross.The numerical simulations on the three-dimensional laminar flow and heat transfer in four kinds of half-coiled jackets were performed and the results were contrasted with the experimental data in the literature.The developing and fully developed flow and temperature fields were given.By using coordinate transformation,the vector diagram of secondary flow was obtained.The effects of Re number,dimension one curvature δ and dimension one pitch λ on the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside jacket were analyzed.The results show that the secondary flow can enhance the heat transfer in half-coiled jacket.The effect of λ is very little.With the increase of δ,the flow resistance and the wall average Nu number are both enhanced.


The performance characteristics of an axisymmetric inlet at its design and off-design operational conditions are experimentally investigated. The model is tested for wide ranges of free stream Mach numbers, M∞ = 1.5–2.5, and mass flow rates. For each test, the pressure recovery, the mass flow passing through the inlet and the pressure distribution over the spike and the cowl are measured. In addition, the shock wave formed in front of the inlet is visualized. The characteristic curve of the inlet is then obtained for each free stream Mach number. As the Mach number is increased, the pressure recovery is reduced, but the maximum value of the mass flow rate grows up. Variations of the mass flow affect the surface pressure over both the front portion of the cowl and the entire surface of the spike. Further, it has changed both pressure and Mach number at the end of the diffuser, which would consequently affect the performance of the propulsion system. In addition, contrary to the internal boundary layer, the external one far from the cowl lip has been found to be almost independent of the inlet mass flow rate for a constant free stream Mach number.


Optimistic replication accepts changes to replicated data sets without immediate coordination, with the assumption that conflicts can later be resolved by a separate protocol. This protocol will subsequently reconcile changes between replicas, and detect and resolve any conflicts. We present a log-based reconciliation architecture that is designed to record and reconcile changes to data efficiently in terms of communication and storage overhead. Redundancy is eliminated through the use of a log-based storage mechanism. A general data model accommodates a large variety of data types. Because of its storage efficiency, the architecture is especially suited to small data such as database records.


Senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) features cardiomyopathy resulting from amyloid deposits of wild-type transthyretin (TTR). From 1994 to 2009, 82 patients with SSA were diagnosed at our center; 79 were men (96%) and median age at diagnosis was 73.8 years (range, 59.1–86.0). Most patients (77/78) presented with abnormal echocardiography; median values for interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction were 16 mm (range, 9–24) and 50% (range, 20–70), respectively. Fat aspirates were positive for amyloid in 27% of patients. Mean levels of brain natriuretic peptide (n = 41) and troponin I (n = 19) were 422 ± 279 pg/ml and 0.151 ± 0.107 pg/ml. Median survival was 4.3 years (95% CI, 3.7–5.0). SSA and familial TTR cardiomyopathy were compared; survival distribution was significantly different across groups (log-rank test = 11.97, p-value = 0.0075). We conclude that patients with SSA are primarily men who present with dominant cardiac involvement at an older age than patients with familial TTR cardiomyopathy.


A series of 1-aryl-4-(3',4',5'-trimetoxybenzoyl)piperazines (IIа - IIg) having the structures containing 3,4,5-trimetoxybenzoyl fragments were synthesized and characterized. Compounds IIа and IIc - IIg demonstrated weak anxiolytic properties and moderately decreased the locomotor activity in rats. Compound IIb exhibited anxiolytic activity comparable with that of buspirone but, in contrast to this reference drug, increased the locomotor activity of test animals.


The paper focuses on the research of the problem of synchronization in a time-varying coupling strength network.In this paper,a new scheme to synchronize a time-varying coupling strength complex network is proposed.It has been proved by using the well-known LaSalle invariance principle that the state of such a complex network can be synchronized without knowing the synchronization trajectory.Numerical results show the validation of the proposed synchronization algorithms.


Pantun, also called Malaysian ballad,is a kind of very beautiful quatrain popular both in Indonesia and in Malaysia. Pantun is full of tropical sentiment and possesses a very distinctive local character and folk style. Pantun and China's Book of Songs are very similar in poetic form,subject matter,ideological content,modes of expression,and practical application.


This paper introduces the principle and design of compression equipment based on single chip microcomputer W78E58B.The hardware circuit is composed of sampling circuit,displaying and printing circuit,clock circuit,motor controlling circuit and keyboard circuit.The software is uVision2 provided by Keil Software which is a tool for developing microcontrollers.All functions and requests of system are completed well by C language for microchip.


Every health service facility is required to make medical records made by doctors and health workers related to the services that have been provided. The completeness of the information provided by health workers shows that the quality of the health services provided can be proven to be following related health service standards. This study was to analyze the influence of knowledge, motivation, and organizational culture simultaneously on compliance with medical record filling at Mitra Medika Hospital Pontianak using 83 respondents using the mixed methods sequential explanatory designs. From the results of the quantitative research, it was found that the Knowledge and Organizational Culture variables influenced compliance with medical record filling with beta values of 0.567 and 0.416; as well as the significance of both variables 0.000; Meanwhile, motivation does not affect compliance with medical record filling with a beta value of 0.003 and a significance of 0.940; Knowledge is the variable that has the most dominant influence on compliance with medical record filling. From the results of qualitative research, it was found that motivation does not affect the value of the dimensions of motivation. Where knowledge and organizational culture influence the filling of medical records by the values of the dimensions of knowledge and organizational culture.


Improvement of radiation thermometer calibration Spectral responsivity measurement with high dynamic range is important to reduce the uncertainty of radiation thermometer calibration. We improved the spectral responsivity measurement of our high temperature radiation thermometer to have a dynamic range of more than 10 by utilizing a high power super-continuum laser (SCL) and a double grating monochromator. We also improved the wavelength accuracy of the monochromator to be less than 5 pm by measuring an absorption spectrum of water and oxygen in the air through a trap detector and a wavelength meter. As a result, we could reduce the dynamic range related uncertainty component down to 0.002 K from 0.5 K at 3021 K and the wavelength related uncertainty component down to 0.015 K from 0.3 K at 3021 K. We submitted the results to Metrologia this year.


We study Nash equilibria of joint production games under a mixed output sharing rule in which part of the output (the mixing parameter) is shared in proportion to inputs and the rest according to exogenously determined shares. This rule includes proportional sharing and equal sharing as special cases. We show that this game has a unique equilibrium and discuss comparative statics. When the game is large, players unanimously prefer the same value of the mixing parameter: the equilibrium value of the elasticity of production. For this value, equilibrium input and output are fully efficient. Our approach exploits the fact that payoffs in the joint production game are a function only of a player's input and the aggregate input and has indepen-dent interest as it readily extends to other "aggregative games".


To obtain the 3D separate model of the cochlea,an interactive,semiautomatic,coarse-to-fine image segmentation approach with 3D visual feedback was developed for the cochlea segmentation.The intensity range and the volume of interest were defined to roughly segment the cochlea by viewing the spiral computed tomography(CT) image volume slice by slice.Then the threshold-based 3D level set algorithm was used to separate the cochlea from other anatomic structures.Visualization technology was used to render the segmented results.The user can modify the intermediate parameters based on the real-time 3D visual feedback until getting satisfying result.The test results using spiral CT images of the temporal bone prove that the method is applicable for segmenting complicated structures with smoothing surface.


To investigate the effect of LPS on activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in mitochondria of intestinal mucous membrane of broilers and the therapeutic action of aminoguanidine.A total of 90 30-day-old commercial broilers were divided randomly into three groups that were respectively treated with LPS(lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium,5 mg/kg),LPS+AG(aminoguanidine,300 mg/kg) and saline(2 mL/kg).After the injection of drugs,the mucous membrane of intestine were taken from 6 killed birds per group at 1 h,3 h,5 h,7 h and 9 h.At every time point,the mitochondria as determined for the evaluations of the concentrations of Na+-K+-ATPase.The results indicated that LPS increased significantly the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase of the mitochondria in intestinal mucous membrane in broilers at 3 h and 5 h(P0.05),but LPS didn't changed the activity at 7 h and 9 h(P0.05).After the injections of AG,the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase of the mitochondria in intestinal mucous membrane in broilers increased significantly at 1,3,7and 9 h(P0.05),but decreased at 5 h(P0.05).It might be concluded that the LPS induced the damnification of the mitochondria,resulting in the disfunction of the energy metabolism,the decreased production of ATP energy,the impediment of the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase.AG played an important role in the antigonism for the LPS.


Big Data helps facilitate information visibility and process automation in design and manufacturing engineering. It also helps analyze trends through analytics and predict inventory, manufacturing output and equipment lifespan and cycles, etc. This paper introduces Big Data, its characteristics and a number of issues of Big Data in design and manufacturing engineering. These issues include design and manufacturing data, Big Data benefits and impacts and its applications and opportunities. Methods, technologies and some technology progress around Big Data are presented in this study. General challenges of Big Data and Big Data challenges in design and manufacturing engineering are also discussed.


[eng] Interbanking economic analysis . Interbanking benefits are slightly debatable, mainly in the field of means of payment. However, cooperation between banks is difficult to organise. The example of plastic money perfectly illustrates the potential conflicts which may occur among different players in the system. We shall first deal with withdrawal of funds, and show (after Matutes and Padilla) two contradictory effects related to the compatibility decision : the network effect and the competitive effect. We shall then study the payment activity, and show the disadvantages of its current pricing practice. [fre] Les benefices de l'interbancarite sont peu discutables, notamment dans le domaine des moyens de paiement. Pourtant, la collaboration entre banques est difficile a organiser. L'exemple de la monetique francaise illustre parfaitement les conflits potentiels qui peuvent exister entre les differents acteurs du systeme. Nous analysons tout d'abord l'activite de retrait et nous mettons en evidence (a la suite de Matutes et Padilla) les deux effets contradictoires lies a la decision de compatibilite : l'effet de reseau et l'effet concurrentiel. Nous etudions ensuite l'activite de paiement, et nous montrons les inconvenients de son mode actuel de tarification.


Aftereffects of adaptation to spatial grating stimuli have been studied intensively in photopic vision over the last 20 years. However, it was shown only recently that such aftereffects also occur when the adapting grating modulates only rods or cones and the test grating modulates only the other receptor type, suggesting the adaptation of some portion of a pathway shared by rod and cone signals.1 We show here that the site of adaptation displays both orientation and spatial-frequency tuning. We measured photopic luminance-modulation thresholds (not contrast-modulation thresholds) for resolving square-wave and sine-wave gratings after adaptation to scotopically detected gratings at 7° eccentricity. Test gratings were 670 nm and 200-ms duration. Adapting gratings were 490 nm, 0.67-Hz counterphase flickered, and presented for 120 s before the first test stimulus and for 3 s before subsequent test stimuli. The interaction aftereffect was found to have an orientation tuning half-bandwidth at half-maximum of 15-20° and a spatial-frequency tuning half-bandwidth at half-maximum of less than an octave.


FIELD: proteins keeping containers. SUBSTANCE: proposed flexible polymeric container for albumin is made of sheet of flexible polymeric film forming bag with space limited by first wall, opposite second wall and welds over peripheral of first and second walls. Welds connect inner parts of first and second walls and from chamber impenetrable for fluid medium inside container space for keeping albumin of some concentration. Method of packing albumin protein into flexible polymeric container is described in invention. According to proposed method, flexible polymeric material is transformed into bags and said bags are filled with some amount of albumin by means of filling device, and zone of weld is sealed to enclose albumin inside bag. EFFECT: provision of convenient and economic means of packing of some proteins. 43 cl, 10 dwg


We propose a circuit-model quantum algorithm for eigenpath traversal that is based on a combination of concepts from Grover's search and adiabatic quantum computation. Our algorithm deploys a sequence of reflections determined from eigenspaces of instantaneous Hamiltonians defined along an adiabatic schedule in order to prepare a ground state of a target problem Hamiltonian. We provide numerical evidence suggesting that, for combinatorial search problems, our algorithm can find a solution faster, on average, than Grover's search. We demonstrate our findings by applying both algorithms to solving the NP-hard MAX-2SAT problem.


Abstract Using the theory of elasticity and the main provisions of the quasi-static-wave hypothesis of the mechanism of the destruction of a solid medium under the action of an explosion, analytical modelling of the parameters of the formation of crumpling zones and crushing of the rock mass around the charging cavity during its explosive loading was carried out. Analytical models of the radii of the crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing zones formed around the charging cavity in the rock mass during its explosive loading, taking into account the pressure of the explosion products, the limit of tensile-compressive strength of the rocks, their structural composition, fracturing and compaction under the action of rock pressure, were developed. Based on the change in the stress-strain state of the rock mass under the action of the explosion, numerical modelling of the radii of the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing was performed using the finite element method. According to the simulation results, the power dependence of the change in the radii of the crumpling and fragmentation zones of the rock mass was determined depending on the diameter of the charging cavity, the pressure of the explosion products, and the limit of rock compressive strength. By comparing the results of analytical and numerical modelling for rigid boundary conditions of a homogeneous non-cracked rock mass, the difference in the values of the radii of the defined zones was established as being 4, 8 and 6%, respectively. The resulting analytical models of the radii of crushing zones, intensive fragmentation and fracturing increase the accuracy of estimating the parameters of rock mass destruction by explosion by up to 50% and improve the parameters of drilling and blasting operations when carrying out mining operations, special purpose cavities and rocking of the rock mass.


Now the question of web data format conversion has been an active topic with the net application and the need of the decision systems standfast increasing.XML is becoming a standard for data expression and data exchange on web.The scholars from home and abroad are put forward some query languages based on XML technology at present,the technology of XSQL is a sort of XML simple spread query language.The superiority of XSQL introduce new idea to web technology development through the study and practice of XSQL.The technology of XSQL to improve on web's service function is used,and the question of data format conversion is resolved.Use the technology of XSQL can make the data display different mode according to different demand.And as an example,the database of Oracle can explain how to apply this technology.


It is shown that many GIS devices still have insulating faults even after they have passed partial discharge test under power frequency voltage.Hence,it is necessary to experimentally study the partial discharge on GIS under impulse voltage so as to timely identify internal incipient faults and to insure stable and safe operations of equipment.We designed a set of partial discharge detection devices which could be conveniently applied in the field experiment considering the conditions of impulse voltage experiment on the basis of investigating the necessity of partial discharge of GIS under impulse voltage,and applied the device in partial discharge detection on several 800 kV breakers and GIS devices of 750 kV substation.Moreover,we discussed anti-interference measures in field experiment.The results indicate that the test device is effective.


More than half of the energy consumption in buildings is utilized for the heating and/or cooling of the indoor environment. The building envelope plays a key role in controlling the effects of external weather and, therefore, is linked with many passive design strategies. Thermal energy storage (TES) and phase change materials (PCMs) are efficient techniques, which can store a high density of thermal energy. The PCMs attract many researchers to implement them in the components of buildings for thermal management. In building walls, they were implemented in different positions and have achieved different results. This paper aims to review the related literature that examines PCMs' application in different positions within the building walls to locate their optimum position and the influential parameters. It was found that the optimum positions of PCMs are highly dependent on performing a daily complete melting/freezing cycle to be ready for the following day. Many parameters can influence this, including climate and weather conditions and the application target, PCMs' melting temperature and heat of fusion, PCMs' amount, the thermal properties of the wall's materials, a mechanical heating/cooling or free-running indoor environment, and wall orientation. An optimization process using the simulation tools is suggested so that the optimum position of the PCMs can be located.


With the growth of natural language processing technology, coverless text steganography has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers. Most existing text steganalysis methods are based on traditional neural network to extract and analyze the semantic features of automatically generated steganographic text. However, due to the limitation of traditional neural networks to preserve subtle features, these methods cannot obtain satisfactory results when detecting the differences between steganographic text with low embedding rate and natural text. This paper demonstrates that using a capsule network to detect whether the natural text contains secret information and gets robust and accurate performance. The capsule network extracts and preserves the sematic features of text, analyzes the subtle differences between steganographic text and natural text. To strengthen the generalization of the method, we choose word2vec to vectorize text and use steganographic text generated based on RNN and variable-length coding as the data set for experiments. Experimental results show that detection accuracy of our method can achieve 92% in steganographic text with the low embedding rate (1–3 bit/word), which is about 7% higher than that based on other neural networks; in high embedding rate (4–5 bit/word), the detection accuracy can reach more than 94%.


Hydrogen terminated diamond is a promising material for metal semi-conductor field effect transistor (MESFETs) fabrication and research effort is focused on diamond quality improvement. In this reported work, the focus of attention is on device layout and structure to improve RF performances, designed on the basis of diamond physical properties, taking into account the characterisation of previously fabricated devices. Significant increase of current gain cutoff frequency f T , from 3.4 to 6.7 GHz, has been obtained, while maximum oscillation frequency f MAX is raised from 10.4 to 11.8 GHz.


The possibility of automated man-machine systems (or ergotechnical systems-ETS) design based on probability and fuzzy modeling is discussed. Object-oriented kind structural designing technology is observed. Integration methods of the effectivity indices for the probability and fuzzy models are inspected. Quality and reliability of ETS functioning is analyzed. A common scheme of the serial ETS optimization on the object-oriented functional nets (OOFN) is described. Required and sufficient optimality conditions are inspected. A method of the direct variant selection with the help of the metaproduction system and the logical conclusion mechanism is presented.


The internal effects on cultural globalization outstand the crises of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics identification: Marxist dominant position,belief of communism,socialist ethical system and national spirit are facing challenge.Confronding the the crisis of cultural identity,we must adapt ourselves to the development trend of cultural globalization and take effective actions to implement the general identification of socialist culture with chinese characteristics.


Background: The characteristic differences among the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries in terms of trade and investment, society and cultural values, medical information and technology, and the living and working environ-ment have become major health problems in terms of mental disorders. The purpose of this article is to identify the gaps in those aspects, to propose mental health and mental disorder recommendation programs, and to recommend policies for policy makers and research investors. Methods: A comparative analysis and literature review of existing policy, including overviews of previous research were used to generate a synthesis of the existing knowledge of the mental health and mental disorder recommendation programs. Results: The review results recommend mental health and mental disorder programs for policy makers, research investors, and stakeholders in order to strengthen the directions for implementing these programs in the future. Conclusion: The healthcare provision in each country will not be limited only to its citizens; the healthcare markets and tar-get groups are likely to expand to the neighboring countries in the context of changes in domestic and international factors, which have both positive and negative impacts according to the political, economic, and social situations of the influencing countries.


In the zero temperature limit, it is well known that in systems evolving via Brownian dynamics, the most likely transition path between reactant and product may be found as a minimizer of the Freidlin–Wentzell action functional. An analog for finite temperature transitions is given by the Onsager–Machlup functional. The purpose of this work is to investigate properties of Onsager–Machlup minimizers. We study transition paths for thermally activated molecules governed by the Langevin equation in the overdamped limit of Brownian dynamics. Using gradient descent in pathspace, we minimize the Onsager–Machlup functional for a range of model problems in one and two dimensions and then for some simple atomic models including Lennard-Jones seven-atom and 38-atom clusters, as well as for a model of vacancydiffusion in a planar crystal. Our results demonstrate interesting effects, which can occur at nonzero temperature, showing transition paths that could not be predicted on the basis of the zero temperature limit. However the results also demonstrate unphysical features associated with such Onsager–Machlup minimizers. As there is a growing literature that addresses transition path sampling by related techniques, these insights add a potentially useful perspective into the interpretation of this body of work.


Magnoliaceae, an assemblage of early diverged angiosperms, comprises two subfamilies, speciose Magnolioideae with approximately 300 species in varying numbers of genera and monogeneric Liriodendroideae with two species in Liriodendron L. This family occupies a pivotal phylogenetic position with important insights into the diversification of early angiosperms, and shows intercontinentally disjunct distribution patterns between eastern Asia and the Americas. Widespread morphological homogeneity and slow substitution rates in Magnolia L. s.l. resulted in poorly supported phylogenetic relationships based on morphology or molecular evidence, which hampers our understanding of the genus' temporal and spacial evolution. Here, based on the newly generated genome skimming data for 48 Magnolia s.l. species, we produced robust Magnolia phylogenies using genome‐wide markers from both plastid genomes and single nucleotide polymorphism data. Contrasting the plastid and nuclear phylogenies revealed extensive cytonuclear conflicts in both shallow and deep relationships. ABBA‐BABA and PhyloNet analyses suggested hybridization occurred within sect. Yulania, and sect. Magnolia, which is in concordance with the ploidy level of the species in these two sections. Divergence time estimates and biogeographic reconstruction indicated that the timing of the three tropical Magnolia disjunctions coincided with the mid‐Eocene cooling climate and/or late Eocene climate deterioration, and two temperate disjunctions occurred much later, possibly during the warm periods of the Miocene, hence supporting the boreotropical flora concept of Magnolia s.l.


The study sought to examine the intention to use smartphones technology as learning tools (mobile-learning) in universities in Botswana, with particular reference to a selected university. Preliminary investigations have shown that despite the high density of mobile phones in Botswana, very few of these devices seem to be used for learning purposes in higher learning institutions. A quantitative research approach that utilized a questionnaire for data collection was used in the study. A sample size of 132 business students was selected from a population of 200 students using a sample size calculator at 95% confidence level or 5% margin of error. The Amos 8 software was used for data analysis. The results from the study showed that most students had a positive attitude towards smartphones because they are easy to use and relatively useful in learning.


The talent resources is advanced and essential in human resources,the foundation that an enterprise takes the strategic management activities.Because of the ideas,system of organization,mechanism,there are some problems to be worth thinking during the development of talent resources in many enterprises especially in the state-owned ones.The enterprise only treasure talented the people in the practical work and reasonally use them,it can better develop,the sustainable development can have active source unexhausted.


Based on the observed data,by building the fuzzy comprehensive appraisal system mathematical model of customers' banking service satisfaction,it has been found that the customer satisfaction of financial enterprises in a big city is poor.However,the main influential factors are too long waiting time,timeliness of fault correction,less equality of contract terms and the opaque of charging,etc.Something ought to be done by the banks to maximize customer's satisfaction and to promote enterprise's competitiveness effectively.


This paper introduces the idea of lethal dose to achieve a kill and examines its effect on the course and final outcome of a duel. Results have been illustrated for a particular case of exponential firing rates.


Palatographs, acceptability and transcription data are presented for extracts from a German text read by seven partial-glossectomy patients. The speakers' degree of acceptability appears to be related more to postoperative lingual mobility than to the amount of tongue mass remaining. There is a discrepancy between the intelligibility and acceptability of the patients' speech on the one hand and the relative lack of change in palatographic contact patterns on the other. Possible compensatory articulations are discussed.


Raman spectra of carbon dioxide were measured as functions of molar volume and temperature in the region 0 to 200 cm−1. In crystals constrained to remain at constant volume, the frequencies of the Raman active libron modes were found to shift much less with temperature than expected by comparison with solid nitrogen. In fact, when the slight expansion of the alloy steel cell is taken into account the frequency vs temperature plots show a slight positive temperature dependence as opposed to the fairly large negative shift observed in the nitrogen case. From these measurements, the value of the mode Gruneisen parameters (defined by γj=−d lnωj/d lnV) were determined to be 2.3±0.2, almost 3 times that predicted by the quadrupole–quadrupole model but in fairly good agreement with recent calculations by Gibbons and Klein, and Kobashi and Kihara. These are based on models which include short ranged intermolecular repulsive forces. Linewidths were measured and indicate that in carbon dioxide four phonon processes dominate the decay of the Eg mode, in contrast with nitrogen in which three phonon processes dominate.


CONTENTS Introduction § 1. The group of admissible transformations for measures corresponding to diffusion processes § 2. The absolute continuity of distributions of functionals References


Detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a supplemental option for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection, regardless of whether it is immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG) or combined detection. However, there are inadequate data on the sensitivity and specificity of IgM/IgG detection, which is of paramount importance for the decision of whether, when, and how to use IgM/IgG antibody detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of IgM/IgG antibody detection, especially the anti-interference ability and kappa coefficient compared with the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, which was defined as a standard diagnosis in this study.


In today's robust quality management systems, final inspection is a critical process that often determines the success of the entire production. For this reason, the most accurate measuring instruments available to the manufacturer are used in the final inspection and the measurements take place under controlled conditions of metrology laboratories. A very frequently used device, valued for its versatility and accuracy, is CMM. Modern CMM machines achieve high precision by the touch method below 1m and versatility achieved through a wide range of movements. The article describes an experiment during which a reverse application of the MSA method was performed to verify the effect of stylus diameter on variability in the measurement process. The results of an experiment carried out in an accredited metrology laboratory show a significant influence of this parameter on the overall measurement accurac


The most common musculoskeletal complaint encountered throughout human life is Low Back Pain (LBP) which causes very long inflammatory pain and causes functional limitations of myogenic LBP which can cause muscle spasms that can cause sufferers to feel pain. Muscle atrophy for a long time causes a decrease in muscle strength that can occur in patients with myogenic LBP. This study is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental approach using a pretest posttest one group design which aims to explain the effect of giving MWD and CSE on reducing pain in Myiogenic LBP in Physiotherapy Poly Hospital Rantauprapat. The population in this study were all LBP patients who visited Rantauprapat Hospital with a sample of 18 myogenic LBP patients who were drawn using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Data were collected using primary and secondary data. The results showed that the average pain complaint before MWD and CSE was 5.90 and after MWD and CSE interventions were given, the average pain was 3.30. The pain felt by the patient after the intervention was initially average in the moderate pain category to mild pain. The results also showed that there was an effect of giving MWD and CSE on reducing myogenic LBP pain with p = 0.000. It is hoped that it can be used as material for policy making in improving health services, especially MWD and CSE physiotherapy services.


The reliquary known as the Arca Santa of Oviedo has traditionally been dated to 1075 on the basis of its dedicatory inscription and events described in Document 72 of Oviedo Cathedral's archives. The authenticity of this document, which describes a ceremonial opening of the casket by King Alfonso VI of Leon-Castile, has recently been questioned. This article proposes an alternative date in the twelfth century which sets the reliquary's production in the context of rivalries between Oviedo, Toledo, and Santiago de Compostela, and takes into account certain of its stylistic and iconographic features.


The improper decision-making of corporate financing can easily cause two types of risk: cash risk and income and expense risk.If capital term structure and asset structure do not match,cash risk will appear.Financing decision is the original factor that causes cash risk.When making financing decisions,managers can effectively avoid cash risk by keeping to matching principle and hedging principle.The original factor causing income and expanse risk is poor in operating management;if the proportion of liabilities and equity in financial structure is inappropriate,it will cause a further risk;financing decision is a subordinate factor that causes income and expense risk.When making financing decisions, on the basis of business prospect,managers can effectively avoid income and expense risk by using leverage principal to decide the proportion of liabilities.


This article aims at presenting part of a PhD research, which has dealt with the rhythmic organization in the Latin oratory period, specially focusing on the Ciceronian model. At this moment, it is intended to contribute to phonological researches, by highlighting some issues related to prosodic domains in the Latin phrase structure, in order to prove their presence and relevance for the natural rhythm of Latin language. In other words, it is intended, from the theoretical principles of Prosodic Phonology, to present further evidence of the presence of prosodic domains within the Latin phrase, by describing those already observed by other scholars and by showing our point of view concerning other domains, specifically the intonation phrase.


Tea cultivars exhibited variations in terms ofphysiological characteristics like photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and partitioning of assimilates with reference to productivity. Chinary cultivar, UPASI-9 had higher values of productivity index followed by UPASI-8 (Cambod) and UPASI-2 (Assam). However, UPASI-2 showed higher values ofsource:sink ratio (0.21) followed by UPASI-9 (0.196) and UPASI-8 (0.169). Assimilates fixed by third leaf translocated about 14 per cent towards the growing shoot while fourth leaf mobilised 15.3 per cent. Beyond the fourth leaf, as the distance increased from "source" to "sink", substantial reduction in mobilisation of photosynthates was noticed. But leaf area index determines the yield which exhibited significant correlation at five per cent level (r = 0.998). Economic yield of tea plants had a significant positive correlation with photosynthesis (r = 0.999) and chlorophyll fluorescence (r = 0.999). Significant negative correlation existed between the retension (source) and mobilisation of assimilates (sink). Bidirectional movement of assimilates was observed in young tea plants under green house conditions which coincided with the rhythmic growth pattern, dormancy and flush.


Fall protection device, characterized by a module (12) with an adapter (16) for detachably attaching the module (22) at the tip of an aerial apparatus, said module comprising a plurality of ropes (36), each rope extending from an individual fall arresting device received within the module.


A convenient and feasible method for detecting temperature difference and detection system are put forward against the use of a warship valve's environmental conditions and internal leakage characteristics.By detecting the valve's former and post leakage temperature difference after the high temperature medium flow stops,the leakage can be determined,monitored and disposed timely.


Interpretations of biblical texts, with regard to the mythopoetic biblical worldview, can reveal greater social, political, cultural potential to find answers to challenges of modern society. Therefore, theopoetics becomes a desire to rethink traditional theology, which was able to hear everyone, and radically different one, where the building of confessional walls between church and society will become a platform for dialogue without fixed and ultimate truths available to knowledge or faith of individual denominations. But despite the solutions to the problems that theopoetics may offer, both Hopper and Wilder ask what tools can help us to work with such complex texts in order to obtain the most adequate interpretations, avoiding errors that only weaken Christian messages.


The idea that the US and EU have different perceptions about privacy values is widespread. When describing the U.S. view, much scholarship starts from Warren and Brandeis' Article "The Right to Privacy" which presents a view of "the right to be let alone" very different from common European perception of privacy. This focus on substantive difference, however, overlooks other differences that may explain why these two contemporary western cultures developed such different views of the right to privacy. This Article compares the differing perceptions of privacy through the lens of causation, tracing those perceptions' roots with the development of the administrative State in each region. The privacy "worries" resulting from violations of the two different perceptions are, in fact, quite similar in quality and differ not in the resultant fear but in the respective societies' views of the role of regulation.Traditional views of privacy law in the United States and the European Union focus on the substantial differences between these regulatory regimes and the strength of protection they afford. This comparative view correctly describes the different actors with which each regime's privacy protections are concerned: the U.S. regime fears intrusions by the State, whereas the EU regime fears intrusions by private corporations, especially so-called Big Data corporations. The traditional view, however, is incomplete, because it overlooks a critical commonality between the two regimes – the shared fear of what bad actions the "privacy intruder" will take. Specifically, while each regime fears different actors – both are concerned about the "chilling effects" on individual freedoms that would result from privacy invasions.The common values inherent in both United States and European Union privacy regulation, and in their associated bureaucratic institutions, provide clues to developing a framework for coordinating these two different regulatory regimes. Such coordination has many benefits for international data flow, which has become a fact of modern life. Multi-national organizations, for example, handle vast amounts of data and compliance with different regulatory procedures can be highly inefficient. The application of Management-Based Regulatory Delegation theory can allow individual states to maintain their autonomy with respect to substantive privacy values while reducing compliance costs by coordinating procedural regulatory processes. Such an approach is possible because of the common shared fear among U.S. and EU States – that privacy invasions, regardless of their source, will ultimately lead to chilling effects on individual action.


COVID-19 is disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus which was first discovered in Wuhan, China on the end of 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic generates many sufferers to experience symptoms of depression. Natural plant has been used for a long time for various ailments, including depression. This literature review aims to describe various types of plants and their mechanisms that can be used to help deal with symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article was compiled by conducting a literature search using the keywords "covid-19", "depression", and "natural products" on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library engine searching and followed the inclusion criteria, namely, the maximum literature publications from the last 10 y in English and discuss natural products that can be used to help overcome depression during the covid-19 pandemic.  We found that thirteen medicinal plants are noteworthy to be considered as antidepressant drug candidates. The medicinal compounds need to be developed furthermore in the future since Covid-19 pandemic is not over yet. These plants have established the molecular mechanism to remedies depression and hopefully can be alternatives medicine to treat depression that have mild side effects compared to synthetic drugs.


The chelating tendencies of the alpha amino acids with platinum group metal ions are well known; with the dibasic acids, complexes have been reported involving palladium (II) and platinum (II) with both aspartic and glutamic acids. There is no mention of the successful synthesis of complexes between these acids and rhodium (III), however. This communication reports a method of preparation for these two complexes as well as an alternative method for the synthesis of the palladium (II) complex with aspartic acid. It is shown that the mole ratio of rhodium (III) to aspartate or glutamate is one to three, that the ligands act as bidentates, and that the aspartic acid complex. Infrared and elemental analytical data are given.


As envisaged at its launch in April 2000,  would • welcome international contributions but diverge from traditional southern English biases and be a journal for the whole of the British Isles. • be emphatically an interdisciplinary journal of landscape history and archaeology produced for a readership including archaeologists, historians, geographers and ecologists, as well as containing material from other territories in the realm of landscape. • attract contributions mainly from professional scholars but also welcome the best work of research students, retired scholars and amateur enthusiasts. • publish only those contributors who sought to communicate their enthusiasms to a broader audience in a manner not only intelligent, but also accessible. • emphasise the illustration of contributions, using not only diagrams, but also photographs reproduced in a high quality manner. • capitalise on this capacity for quality reproduction of images by seeking to attract a steady stream of excellent contributions from the realms of aerial archaeology. Of these objectives, that of obtaining an even British coverage has proved more difficult than expected. One critic from a different hemisphere complained that not only were we English, but northern English, which, apparently, is worse. The slight northern bias has not been intentional. The difficulty in attracting sufficient good contributions from the Atlantic and northern sides of these islands was not anticipated. Hard work and the strengthening of the editorial board will now redress the imbalance regarding Scotland, though Ireland must be a high priority challenge and Wales is strangely silent. If much remains to be done in the regional dimension, I am personally delighted with the variety of topics and contributors, with the English Heritage support for amateur enthusiasts being particularly welcome. (The papers that I have found most riveting have been those on less obvious topics and my favourites were written by a research student and a retired geographer, respectively). The accessibility of material is an editorial responsibility, so that if exclusive, jargon-laden papers are published, the fault is my own. I emphasise to each contributor the need to convey an enthusiasm to an audience that is intelligent but drawn from many disciplinary backgrounds. Most praise has concerned


Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of type II diabetes patients with recently diagnosed diabetic retinopathy. Materials & Methods: The design of this study was cross sectional study design and this study was conducted in Pakistan institute of medical science. There were 113 cases in total of the freshly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type II patients, of age from 30 to 60 years. The patients who had hypertension, diabetes type I, or a history of retinal surgery were not allowed to participate. Following a fundoscopic examination of all patients, the absence or presence of the retinopathy and grades of the retinopathy were noted. Results: The patients' average ages were 45.46±7.40 years. The male to female ratio of these 113 patients was 1.6:1, with 69 (61.06 percent) men and 44 (38.94 percent) women. 18 individuals (15.93%) had retinopathy, according to the results, while 95 patients (84.07%) had none. Practical Implication: This study would assist us in screening these high-risk patients. Additionally, a comprehensive ophthalmic examination at diagnosis time of the diabetes and the periodic screening for detection of retinopathy early so that the early therapeutic measures could be taken for prevention of their further complications could be arranged for all freshly diagnosed diabetic type-2 patients. These programs could be organized at regional and national levels. Conclusion: This study's findings, which include the relatively high prevalence of the diabetic retinopathy in the freshly diagnosed Diabetes mellitus type II patients at 15.93 percent, which highlights the need for each patient to undergo a thorough Ophthalmic examination at the time of being labelled as diabetic. Keywords: Diabetes, freshly diagnosed, Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence, retinopathy, Diabetes Mellitus Type II.


In recent years, Mixed Reality (MR) headsets have increasingly made advances in terms of capability, affordability and end-user adoption, slowly becoming everyday technology. HCI research typically explores positive aspects of these technologies, focusing on interaction, presence and immersive experiences. However, such technological advances and paradigm shifts often fail to consider the "dark patterns", with potential abusive scenarios, made possible by new technologies (cf. smartphone addiction, social media anxiety disorder). While these topics are getting recent attention in related fields and with the general population, this workshop is aimed at starting an active exploration of abusive, ethical, social and political scenarios of MR research inside the HCI community. With an HCI lens, workshop participants will engage in critical reviews of emerging MR technologies and applications and develop a joint research agenda to address them.


Titanium alloys are an important class of biomaterials. Apart from the issue of biocompatibility, is very important to consider the mechanical properties of a biomaterial, which are directly related to the microstructure and interstitial elements quantity present. In the present paper, Ti-10wt%Ni was produced from the melting of commercially pure titanium and nickel in arc furnace under argon atmosphere. Then a heat treatment was carried out and the sample was hot-rolled. To prove the alloy composition, quantitative chemical analysis was performed. The structure and microstructure of the produced alloy were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the alloy presents predominantly titanium alpha phase (hexagonal compact structure), with proeutectoid lamellar precipitates in eutectoid matrix of alpha phase and intermetallic Ti2Ni.


According to the characteristics of hydraulic information under the state of burst in water distribution system, to get the correlation of monitoring values and burst location and locate the position of burst on time by mathematical fitting. This method can effectively make use of the information of SCADA in water distribution system to active locating burst position. A new idea of burst location in water distribution systems to shorten the burst time, reduce the impact on urban water supply, economic losses and waste of water resources.


Rationale: With advances in contemporary radiotherapy techniques, and as cancer survival improves, severe isolated coronary ostial disease may develop many years following mediastinal radiotherapy, even in the absence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Patient concerns: We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman with previous chest radiotherapy for breast cancer who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for severe bilateral coronary ostial lesions. Diagnoses: Coronary angiography demonstrated severe, isolated bilateral coronary ostial lesions. Interventions: The patient underwent urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery to treat her critical coronary artery disease. Outcomes: Intra-operatively, internal mammary arteries were not amenable to harvesting due to very dense mediastinal adhesions. Therefore, saphenous vein grafts were performed to the left anterior descending, distal left circumflex, obtuse marginal and distal right coronary arteries. The patient made a satisfactory in-hospital recovery, and was subsequently discharged back to her local hospital for rehabilitation. Lessons: Patients successfully treated with mediastinal radiotherapy require careful long-term follow-up for the assessment of radiation-induced coronary artery disease. Importantly, mediastinal irradiation may preclude internal mammary artery utilization, and thus alter the strategy for surgical myocardial revascularization.


The present disclosure provides, inter alia, an immunoglobulin that inhibits protein that binds to FcRn, FcRn, for example high affinity and selectivity. With FcRn binding proteins can be used to treat a variety of disorders, including autoimmune disorders.


Dugang of the present invention is within the cranial nerve stimulation channel electrode manufacturing apparatus supporting a plurality of wires and the wire, and an electrode support 100 are a plurality of the platinum ring is inserted; Base 210, a pair of vertical frame 220 and consists of a horizontal frame 240 supporting the electrodes 100 in frame member 200 and the securing; That the central electrode support 100 is inserted into the each of the wires a wire take-up bobbin 700, the rotating member 600 of the front wire rotated so that one pair of twisted lattice is formed in the electrode support 100 as the sliding and , and the rotation member 600 to rotationally and movably supported seungha plate 500 and the rotary member 600, a pair of right and left control to control so that the sliding length of the grille part 800 is formed by rotating (900 sliding ) a. According to the present invention, as the four wires of the wire from vertical supporting a state that the right and left above and below each pair of wires the wire going down to the lower cross-rotation by the the so twisted as grid-making the channel electrode, an unexpected force or impacts It has an effect which can withstand.