This article examines the traditions and traditions of traditions through the narration of Ahmad Bin Hanbal, it is found that the quality of traditions in terms of quality and traditions is authentic. and In the proposition of men and women who dreamed wet and then issued a semen, then he must take a shower. Conversely, if you do not issue semen, then you are not obliged to take a shower, because the reference for the bath is the discharge of the semen, not the dream. And if understanding and practicing the argument about compulsory bathing for women who have a wet dream will get a reward because Mandi Junub according to Shari'a is an obligation as the Word of the Prophet Muhammad, narrated by Abu Malik Al Asy'ari. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: Purification is part of faith (Narrated by Muslim) "Sanctity (cleanliness) is part of faith. while carrying out religious orders correctly according to the rules of Allah swt. which is contained in the Al-Qur'an and As-sunnah is given reward reward.


We investigate a large-scale and fast optical circuit switch system that uses digital coherent technologies. The achievable port count is expanded by introducing colorless detection which eliminates channel selecting filters at receivers. Wavelength selection is performed using a shared local oscillator (LO) bank, which is configured by combining a multi-wavelength optical source with Silicon-photonic tunable filters (TFs). Microsecond switching times are realized with the thermo-optic effect available with the Silicon-photonic TF. Design optimization of the proposed system handles complex level of freedom, i.e., available wavelength number, space switch port count, optical amplifier location and gain, and device loss. In addition, colorless coherent detection induces penalties, which further complicates switch scale assessment. In this paper, we develop a simulator to clarify how those parameters affect switch performance; the switch throughput is maximized with consideration of the degradation stemming from colorless detection. The design performance accurately matches results measured in various system scenarios. A dual-carrier 256-Gb/s DP-QPSK experiment successfully demonstrates a 1,856 $ \times $ 1,856 optical switch system with switching time under 3.52 μs. The resulting total throughput is 441 Tb/s assuming 7%-overhead HD-FEC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 400-Tbps class large bandwidth optical switches that use TFs as wavelength selective devices for coherent detection.


This paper is a critical reflection on a service-learning experience involving digital storytelling as a form of public engagement and community service. It is organized into themes that help illuminate the process: background and preparation, working "in the field," and outcomes and assessments of the venture overall. The paper's expected contribution lies in the examples from the field that speak to the healing power of community storytelling and listening, especially in unsettled times.


Laying hens farming system of CV. Taufik Nur is the largest of the nine laying    hen farm businesses residing in Sigi Regency.  These laying hen farmings have not yet been able to meet the quota of market demand outside the regency such asPalu city due to their incapability to optimally achieve their production target.  Their production actually can be raisedby means of enlarging their chicken coops as well as increasing the chicken populationsuited to local climatic and management condition.  The purpose of this  research was to analyze the financial feasibility of the laying hen farming system of   Taufik Nur CV.and to analyze the impact of decreasing egg production levels caused by   the chicken death and feed price rises.This research was carried out in October to December 2016.  Respondents were purposively determined from the CV. internal parties such as operational workers, manager and an administrative worker.  The NPV of the Taufik Nur CV. was larger than 0 (IDR 2,367,567,450);the IRR was 37.12%  greater than the discount rate of 16%; the net B/C value was 7.64 greater than one; and the PBP was 2.61 less than the age of the business i.e. 2 years 8 months. Based on the results of a sensitivity analysis, this business is still feasible to operatealthough the egg production decrease by 15%and the price of feed concentratesin crease by 37%. Keywords :  Financial analysis, Lying hens, and Sensitivity.


This article is considered change of a set of valuable orientations and social installations of women of Russia during the various historical periods. This article says about influence of social conditions on formation of system of valuable orientations of women. We say that the description of dynamics of becoming and development of new social mentality of women of Russia.


Objective
To explore the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and the molecular chaperone of cytoplasmic Keap1 in premature newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia.

Methods
Completely randomized design method was performed, one-day old preterm SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: hyperoxia group and air group.The preterm SD rats in hyperoxia group were continuously exposed to oxygen(oxygen>0.85)and air group in room air.After 1, 4, 7, 10, 14 days of exposure, the preterm SD rats of two groups were sacrificed, whole lung of these rats were isolated, the lung histological changes were observed by HE staining.Total lung RNA was extracted, Nrf2 and Keap1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Western-blot was used to detect the changes of Nrf2 protein expression.

Results
(1) Compaired with air group, the expression of Nrf2 in lung tissue of hyperoxia group significantly increased after 4, 7 days of exposure(4 d: 0.314±0.064 vs.0.521±0.086, 7 d: 0.440±0.121 vs.0.658±0.076)(P 0.05), but had a tendency of decreasing after 7 days.On day 10, 14, its expression in hyperoxia group became significantly weak compared with that of air group(10 d: 1.325±0.464 vs.0.755±0.348, 14 d: 1.662±0.474 vs.0.867±0.115)(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Oxidation outbreak results in the abnormal expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 in the lung of premature SD rats induced by hyperoxia exposure, which adjusts the levels of oxidative stress in the body, these changes participate in the development of hyperoxia induced lung injury, the activity of Nrf2 may be increased by hyperoxia exposure, and alleviate hyperoxia lung injury in premature rats through antioxidation of Nrf2.

Key words:
Hyperoxia; Lung injury; Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; Premature; Keap1,


During the development of MQXF, the new Nb3Sn quadrupole to be used in the large hadron collider (LHC) inner triplets for the High Luminosity upgrade, three short models were tested: MQXFS1, MQXFS3, and MQXFS5. These models differ in the use of thin or thick laminations for the iron components, in the coil design, and in the superconductive strands, rod restack process (RRP) or powder in tube (PIT). In the MQXF design, the azimuthal prestress is provided at room temperature by means of the bladder-key technology, and it is further increased during the cooldown by the differential thermal contraction of the various components. Four aluminum rods provide the longitudinal prestress. Both systems allow for a flexible control of the amount of prestress applied. As a consequence, it was possible to test the models exploring different azimuthal and longitudinal prestress conditions, in an attempt to understand their impact on the magnet performances. This paper studies the mechanical behavior of these short models, also providing the strain and stresses measured by means of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shell, on the winding poles and on the rods. Finally, the paper compares the measures with the results from finite element (FE) models.


v. 9-26 is 'a warrior fights two brothers in a chariot', not slays, for Idaios, exceptionally, escapes. There is an obvious danger here that students of themes will make 'typical' as vacuous a term as some have made 'formular'. How, and how far, typical action-sequences may be elaborated is an obscurer matter on which Fenik sheds little light. (One lacks his analysis of xxi.) He notes, however, several instances of alternative elements and of what I may call modulation from one typical sequence into another, e.g. v. 471 ff., xi. 310 ff., and xvii. 70 ff. Fenik's action-sequences appear fairly short, perhaps as a result of the circumscribed subject-matter, and I am convinced that longer typical threads of narrative await discovery. This book will be a most useful instrument and stimulus to such studies. Finally one must congratulate the publishers on the clear layout and, as far as I can see, on a complete absence of typographical error.


The relative importance of reasons for current career choices for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PhDs was examined. Reasons why underrepresented minority scientists chose faculty careers differed in some respects from those of well-represented scientists, with implications for graduate/postdoctoral training, formal and informal social support networks, and faculty career decisions.


In a linear drive, in particular toothed rack drive, having at least one motor element (2) which is mounted on or in a retaining element (1.1, 1.2), wherein the motor element (2) directly or indirectly, possibly via an integrated transmission (3) pinion (4) drives, which cooperates with a linear guide (5), the holding element (1.1, 1.2) via at least one actuator (12.1 to 12.3) to a receiving element (6) to be movable.


Abstract Market orientation places a special emphasis on the dissemination of and responsiveness to market intelligence throughout the whole organization. However, it is still not well understood how employees at different levels perceive their firm's market orientation. This paper represents a first attempt to study market orientation at the employee level in the whole organization. Based on a survey of 1,357 managers and workers in China, we find that junior managers and front-line workers are less likely to perceive their firms as market-oriented than senior managers, group culture facilitates employees' market orientation perceptions, and a positive personal attitude toward change is beneficial to developing market orientation behaviors. The results also show that market orientation has a strong, positive impact on employees' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and confidence in the firm's future performance. Implications on how to promote employee's market orientation behavior in a transitional economy are discussed.


One of the greatest challenges faced by the developing countries today is how to keep up with the mountain of information generated everyday by large number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) adopted by the global community. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), around 500 regional and global level MEAs have been adopted. Among them, Sri Lanka has ratified around 40 MEAs including conventions, treaties, protocols and agreements. Sri Lanka, simply cannot keep tract on the decisions that are being made annually by various bodies of these MEAs. This may be true of most other developing countries as well. This has been identified as one of the major reason for weak implementation of MEAs in most developing countries. Recent analysis of the implementation of MEAs ratified by Sri Lanka found that the most of the provisions in these MEAs have not been implemented. The problems faced by the country in the implementation of MEAs include 1) absence of accepted ratification procedure, 2) lack of co-ordination between focal points, 3) absence of domestic legislation to implement MEAs 4) lack of comprehensive enforcement approach, 5) lack of awareness at all levels 6) inadequate resource allocations for MEAs, 7) donor driven project implementation, 8) lack of systematic participation at MEA negotiations, 9) weak preparation for international negotiations, 10) lack of capacities for international negotiation and 11) lack of access to documents and reference materials. This analysis revealed that the lack of information and coordination mechanism to implement MEAs at country level is the major cause for all these problems. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Sri Lanka established the Environmental Treaties Reference Centre (ETRC) as a new strategy for management of information on all MEAs. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the concept of ETRC as a solution for MEAs implementation problem of developing countries. The ETRC is a partnership organization, which involves all focal points of MEAs and


The consideration model, based on the main line of "moral feeling", with purpose of "learning to care for others" specifies the operational premise and implementation procedures, and constructs a set of four-dimensional education mode that connects past and future and have logic selfconsistency. This model emphasizes the human temperature of concern and understanding in terms of motivation needs, environmental infiltration, model imitation, and moral education. The value analysis of the consideration model can bring much enlightenment for the kindergarten social activities to break the moral education dogma, update the moral education mode, and return to moral life. Keywords—the consideration model; four-dimensional integration; kindergarten social activities; value analysis


Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the main tachyarrhythmia in the newborn (NB) that requires urgent resolution. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency that mainly affects premature infants. Although these conditions are recognized as distinct pathologies, literature reports suggest that episodes of SVT may predispose patients to NEC secondary to disturbances in mesenteric blood flow and a decrease in tissue perfusion. We present here the clinical case of a premature neonate who developed NEC after an isolated SVT event with low cardiac output.


This paper presents the analysis, modeling, and measurements of a novel configuration of spiral inductors and transformers to enhance the figure of merits. The present configuration utilizes a Z‐shaped multilayer metalization to increase the Q of the monolithic inductors, and increase K without sacrificing the Q of the monolithic transformers. A simple two‐port lumped‐circuit model derived from inductor S‐parameters is used to illustrate the potential of the new design. Several on‐chip transformers have been fabricated using the Motorola 0.18‐micron copper process. The experimental data shows good agreement with predicted data obtained using the HFSS software simulator. A noticeable increase of mutual coupling and Q is achieved. The transformer can be optimized to achieve high Q or high K or both. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.


Summary form only given, as follows. Hybrid plasma torch is based on a combination of principles of classical gas-stabilized dc arc torch and water-stabilized torch. High enthalpy thermal plasma jet is generated in the torch that is utilized for plasma processing applications like plasma spraying or waste treatment. The torch was attached to the low-pressure chamber and characteristics of the torch and properties of plasma jet were investigated for the pressure range of 10 to 100 kPa. Under these slightly reduced pressures the jet remains subsonic, but both the torch characteristics and plasma jet properties axe substantially changed Pressure inside the arc chamber is reduced as a consequence of reduction of ambient pressure. The boiling point of water is thus decreased and higher evaporation rate from water vortex surrounding the arc column results in increase of an arc cooling intensity of arc column and a rate of absorption of radiation in the vapor sheath surrounding the arc. Consequently the arc voltage, arc power and plasma torch efficiency are increased. Plasma jet properties downstream of the torch nozzle exit were investigated. The fluctuations of emitted light were recorded The intensity of emitted light is substantially reduced due to pressure decrease. This is related not only to a reduction of plasma density but also to a decrease of plasma temperature due to higher evaporation rate in the arc chamber. Characteristic frequency of plasma flow fluctuations as well as phase velocity of propagation of hydrodynamic instability along the jet were substantially increased due to pressure reduction as a consequence of increase of plasma flow velocity in the jet. The results of experiments are analyzed on the basis of simple theoretical model of arc with hybrid stabilization.


Abstract Very little appears to be known of Nicholas Henneman (also spelt Nicolaas, Nicholaas, Nicole, Klaase etc., Hennemann etc.). He was Talbot's assistant and he had charge of the Reading establishment set up by Talbot to produce the photographs to be pasted in his publications, The Pencil of Nature etc. After the Reading establishment closed, Henneman set up a portrait studio in Regent Street, London. He took an important part in the early development of photography in England. An enquiry by a descendant of the Dutch side of the family (P. A. M. van der Helm) in 1976 started this search for more details. As will be seen from In the references, the main body of material has come to us as spin-offs trorn the study of W. H. Fox Talbot and his photographic activities. We have the notes made by J. Dudley Johnston trom the Talbot notebooks and letters at Lacock, part published by him in January 19471 and brought to completion under the editorship of R. C. Smith in December 19682; the paper by V. F. Snow an...


Significance Disordered epithelial proteostasis is strongly implicated in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. We found that a small molecule that specifically restores protein translation by EIF2B during activation of the integrated stress response, ISRIB, attenuated the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in young adult and old mice. Our data support a multicellular model of fibrosis in which relieving a block to epithelial differentiation induced by activation of the integrated stress response slows the recruitment of profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis. A loss of proteostasis resilience in aging would further slow repair, perhaps explaining the increased risk of fibrosis in the elderly. Pulmonary fibrosis is a relentlessly progressive and often fatal disease with a paucity of available therapies. Genetic evidence implicates disordered epithelial repair, which is normally achieved by the differentiation of small cuboidal alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells into large, flattened alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells as an initiating event in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis. Using models of pulmonary fibrosis in young adult and old mice and a model of adult alveologenesis after pneumonectomy, we show that administration of ISRIB, a small molecule that restores protein translation by EIF2B during activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), accelerated the differentiation of AT2 into AT1 cells. Accelerated epithelial repair reduced the recruitment of profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and ameliorated lung fibrosis. These findings suggest a dysfunctional role for the ISR in regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury with implications for therapy.


There has been a shift from the initial learning of skills on patients in the clinical setting to initial learning in a simulated environment, using part‐task models, with the risk of a task focus to the learning. We contend that quality learning in both the simulated and the clinical environment is crucial to enhance the transferability of skills to the clinical setting.


The matrix pure cultures and liquid pure culture of three common indigenous strains isolated from pinus massoniana of southwestern were Lactarius deliciosus(01,03),Pisolithus tinctorius 715 and the Laccaria bicolor S238N.With them,one-month seedlings of Pinus massoniana were inoculated by means of Co-inoculation(Mix=Ld 01+Ld 03+Pt 715+Lb S238N)and single inoculation respectively.The seedlings were then cultured under different pH conditions(pH4.1,pH6.1,pH6.7) and aluminum stress.Growth and the specific nutrient absorption of the seedlings were analyzed after three months.The results showed that Mycorrhizaee were formed effectively in all the tests,and the absorption of N,P,K were enhanced too,leading to an significant biomass increase and aluminum resistance for the seedlings(P0.05).Co-inoculation was more effective on accelerating the growth of the seedlings compared with single inoculation.When pH6.1 the seedling showed best absorption of K and least of Al,while there were best absorption of N,P,least of K,and worst aluminum resistance when pH4.1.


In this article the concept of «material» and «spiritual» culture, highlighted features of the national costume, detail the traditional peasant clothing Orel.


Environmental regulations for solid and hazardous waste facilities and other construction sites require comprehensive, long-term groundwater monitoring. Rigorous programs are used to determine the impact of disposal sites, landfills and embankments on groundwater quality. Many monitored parameters are naturally occurring so a sophisticated statistical analysis is needed to accomplish sound evaluation of down-gradient effects. Highway embankments today are sometimes constructed from waste materials or they may contain acid forming soils and rock from on-site borrow areas. Depending on state requirements, up to 64 naturally occurring constituents may require statistical analysis. Data are also collected extensively on volatile organic compounds and sometimes semi-volatile organic compounds. Testing may be semi-annually for each constituent, or perhaps quarterly during the active life of a facility, followed by up to a 30 year post-closure period. Statistical analysis of large volumes of data cannot be done manually. Many statistical methods for data analysis are highly complex, involving extensive calculations. Section of proper statistical procedures is also difficult. Although statistical procedures are outlines in two USEPA guidance documents, commonly this work falls outside the capability of many environmental professionals. Users have also claimed that USEPA guidance documents are unclear, containing inconsistencies in the recommended methods.


Abstract The protonymph, deutonymph and male of Euvarroa sinhai (Acari: Varroidae) are described and compared with those of Varroa jacobsoni. Developmental changes occurring at the protonymph-deutonymph-adult moults are discussed. These include changes in the cheliceral structures; in the number of setae on the cuticle of the intercoxal region, palpal trochanter, femur and genu; in the structure of the peritremes, and in the size of setae on posterior margin of the female body. The adult male resembles a deutonymph and retains the undeveloped nymphal structure of the peritremes. Modification of the male chelicera for sperm transfer is accompanied by the enlargement of legs III-IV.


money level, many merely experienced for the first time a fairly adequate standard of living. It is obvious that in many instances the problems met will be the grim-reality ones, with which social workers long have been familiar-those problems created by having too little money to maintain the general welfare standards to which every individual should be entitled. In other instances the problems confronting us may be the largely psychological ones which are almost universally involved in one's having less of what money can buy after having known its purchasing power. This is not necessarily an unhealthy response, for it is in the nature of the normal human being to aspire to live beyond the survival level. He struggles not merely for life but for life on satisfying terms. What are satisfying terms? One cannot readily define satisfying terms, for they vary as widely as individuals vary. They are determined by man's concept of himself, in his own eyes, in the eyes of his family, and in the eyes of his larger social


This paper studies the time difference direction by short baseline and the spherical direction finding location by long baseline for the far electromagnetic pulse.The time difference direction improves the precision of direction through analyzing.We carry through instance calculation which validates the spherical direction finding location algorithm correctness.


The general argument advanced since the advent of ICT globally is that it has made knowledge more accessible to a wider public in super quick time. While this is true, it is also a fact that the way knowledge is organized is still very much in the mould of nation-states because it is produced and reproduced as well as consumed in the said mould. This essay discusses how, despite the presence of ICT, this still happens in the context of Southeast Asian studies, which is essentially a form of knowledge in itself The challenges and contradictions this process has produced is discussed and analyzed with examples from a Malaysian experience.


Foam-like or foamable cosmetic preparations containing 2-phenylethyl benzoate and one or more UV filter substances from the group of triazine derivatives.


The Chinese education system has traditionally been textbook-oriented and focuses on rote learning. Distinct drawbacks and issues from rote learning have affected Chinese students' oral English learning. Thus, there is a pedagogical shift to task-based or project-centered learning approaches in recent years, focusing on applied learning. Wen (2017) created a distinctive foreign language pedagogy known as the Production-Oriented Approach (POA). The past five years have seen research carried out on the effectiveness and applicability of POA on productive skills in university contexts; however, few empirical investigations were carried out on the efficacy of POA on high school students. This study thus attempts to apply POA in oral English classes at a senior high school, specifically focusing on whether POA improves these students' oral performance and explores their acceptance of the POA. After 12 weeks of treatment, quantitative analysis of both the pre and post-tests revealed a significant improvement in the experimental class and minimal improvement in the controlled class. Additional findings discovered by qualitative analysis illustrated that the students were also satisfied with the POA used in oral English classrooms. It is implied that the POA application effectively enhances the students' learning of oral English skills.


The economic crisis that humanity is currently facing proves to be the most severe one since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Poor financial system, unsustainable public debt and competitiveness inequalities in the world have greatly contributed to the crisis. Naturally, economic policy makers are concerned about problems related to the restoration of fiscal, trade and monetary balances and are trying to boost investment, employment and consumption. Solving these problems is difficult, but insufficient for the future of global economy. This paper attempts to draw attention to problems with long-term impact which, if they are neglected, could cause future crises of even greater intensity than the present one. Among these issues are increased poverty, lack of environmental protection and demographic imbalances.


Abstract A concept of semiclassically concentrated states is developed on the basis of the Maslov germ theory. Higher approximations of semiclassical trajectory-coherent states and of semiclassical Green function (in the class of semiclassically concentrated states) for a many-dimensional Schrodinger-type equation are constructed. It is shown that, in class of such semiclassically concentrated states, a Schrodinger-type equation (up to any order of ℏ, ℏ→0) is equivalent, from the viewpoint of calculating the quantum averages, to a closed finite system of ordinary differential equations.


Abstract : We are focused on understanding small-scale processes that influence the ocean s thermodynamic and dynamic properties on the sub-mesoscale (scales less than 10 km). This includes the role of turbulence in modifying the upper ocean temperature and density structure. In the South China Sea, large amplitude nonlinear waves force turbulence in the seasonally variable continental shelf region. New observational data is sought for use in characterizing turbulence phenomena, and for parameterizing processes in models. This program was focused on measuring the dissipation rate of mechanical energy on the shallow continental shelf of the South China Sea. The measurements are being used to examine the energy dynamics of small-scale wave processes in relation to tidal forcing. The measurements are the first dissipation observations from a region where extreme-amplitude, nonlinear internal waves loose their energy in shallow water.


An analysis of employment of the Bryansk Region population is drawn. The specificity of regional employment is considered. Directions of the state policy correction in the field of labor market and employment regulation are proposed.


Hospitality is the act of welcoming and entertaining sightseers, visitors, guests and tourists with broad-mindedness, tolerance and friendliness. It plays an essential excelling role in the advancement and development of tourist destination. Beside these, the fundamental prerequisites of hospitality stand on ensuring healthy food, drinks as well as comfortable and safety accommodation for welcomed guests or tourists. Islam always gives more importance and priority on hospitality. In Malaysia, Islamic tourism and hospitality industry has been potentially developed since Malaysia is enriched with arts, heritage and Muslim Malay culture. Although Islamic hospitality has been studied by many researchers, rare research has been done into the authentication of Islamic hospitality management. So, the main aim of this study is to explore the validation of Islamic hospitality management in the Malaysian tourism destination. A total of 563 Muslim tourists from 35 countries took part in this study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was an appropriate data analysis technique for this study. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed. The 5-likert scale was used in questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the scale. The findings as analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) revealed that the overall fit indices showed a satisfactory fit to the empirical data. The criterion of p<0.001 and critical value of χ 2 = 59.70 were used. The ratio was less than 2 and the value .786 showed that the model is fit. The P-value with the ratio more than 0.05 and at the value 0.599, GFI being more than 0.9 at the value of 0.997, TLI with ratio more than 0.9 and value of 1.003, and finally RMSEA`s critical ratio less than 0.08 and the value of 0.000 confirm this model to be significant and fit. The parameters were free from offending estimates. The results also contributed toward successful validation of Islamic hospitality management of Malaysian tourism destination. The significance of this study stands on its contribution to validate Islamic hospitality management; and it could be applied by future researchers in the various countries.


The article briefly discusses research by astronomer Haley Gomez and colleagues, reported in "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society," on the finding of silica dust in the remnants of supernovas in the Milky Way galaxy in relation to the presence of silica in the Earth's core.


Morphologic signs of tissue damage and healing in three models of toxic liver injury have been analyzed using semiquantitave scale worked out by the authors. It has been established, that the model caused by combined administration of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol may be used for study of regeneration. Model caused by administration only of carbon tetrachloride with the development of cirrhotic transformation is better for investigation of liver fibrosis and angiogenesis.


The national institutional arbitration in Indonesia is BANI (Indonesian National Arbitration Board. The research used judicial normative and descriptive analytic method. The data were gathered by using secondary data which consisted of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials as the main data. The obstacles in implementing arbitration decision in settling the dispute in debt and credit in Indonesia consists of judicial obstacles which comprise the execution which cannot automatically be implemented, there is still another decision which can be made after arbitration decision, and the settlement by the arbitration board is very limited. Technical obstacles consist of the lack of arbiters, the lack of information about the existence of BANI, and the highly dominant skill of arbiters. The attempts made by BANI to cope with the obstacles are by setting up a standard for arbitration clause such as the types of problem which can be settled through arbitration, the appointment of arbitration, the prevailing legal provisions, laws, and regulation, and the publication of quarterly bulletins, either in Indonesian or in foreign languages, so that people will know and understand the existence of arbitration board with all its functions as an alternative in settling disputes in business outside of Court. Keywords: Arbitration, BANI, Settling Dispute


Worldwide, over 257 million people are persistently infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to a broad spectrum of disease outcomes, including cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV can be effectively prevented with a prophylactic vaccine, and currently approved antiviral therapy can suppress viremia but hardly cure the underlying infection. New insights into the viral life cycle and HBV's interactions with the host cell have re-ignited efforts to devise improved antiviral therapies with the ambitious goal of completely eradicating HBV or permanently inactivating the virus in patients. Systematic testing of approaches to cure HBV has been hampered by the scarcity of animal models faithfully recapitulating infection and the clinical features associated with chronic hepatitis B.


Risk disclosure practices have received increasing attention in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis. This study investigated possible determinants relating to the composition of the board committee responsible for risk management, the frequency of board risk committee meetings and whether the company employs a chief risk officer, which could manifest in an enhanced level of risk-related disclosure. Based on the possible determinants identified in the literature, nine hypotheses were developed in order to investigate which of these determinants relate to an enhanced level of risk disclosure by the selected companies. The first required integrated reports of non-financial companies in the Top 40 index of the JSE Securities Exchange were investigated in this study. Regarding one area of investigation, namely the level of risk management disclosure, it was found that the disclosure of companies whose risk committee met more frequently and the disclosure of companies that employed a chief risk officer, were of a relatively higher standard. With regard to the other area of investigation, namely the level of risk identification and mitigation disclosure, no clearly significant determinant of enhanced disclosure was identified.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and mechanisms of quercetin in reversing the cisplatin-resistance in the bladder cancer cells. METHODS MTT assay was performed to measure the viability of cisplatin-resistant T24 bladder cancer cells treated with quercetin and cisplatin. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to measure the apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant T24 bladder cancer cells treated with quercetin and cisplatin. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of Bim, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and release of cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO in the cisplatin-resistant T24 bladder cancer cells treated with quercetin and cisplatin. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction of Bim with Bak and Bax in the cisplatin-resistant T24 bladder cancer cells treated with quercetin and cisplatin. RESULTS The sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant T24 cells to cisplatin was significantly lower than the routine T24 cells. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that combination with quercetin could significantly promote the cisplatin-induced cell death and apoptosis in the cisplatin-resistant T24 cells. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis showed that quercetin significantly up-regulated the expression of Bim, which could interact with Bak and Bax, leading to the opening of mitochondrial membrane pore and the subsequent release of cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO to the cytoplasm, and finally, the caspase-9 and caspase-3 was triggered. CONCLUSION Quercetin rises the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells to cisplatin through the Bim-Bak/Bax pathway.


Recently, cloud computing platforms are available to provide convenient infrastructures such that cloud applications could conduct cloud and data-intensive computing. As the number of users and data increases, distribution and concurrency in systems is becoming the norm, not the exception. Data is replicated in geographically distinct datacentres, and large numbers of user requests are concurrently processed within a single replica. Consequently, most present new consistency models, which seek to provide stronger guarantees whilst preserving performance, through making certain assumptions on the operations executed or the data accessed. We discuss that this approach is often flawed. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift: distribution and concurrency have become prevalent. It is unrealistic to expect that a unique system view could, or even should exist at any given time. Yet, the literature still equates divergent views to inconsistency. Secondly, current distributed systems often rely on a definition of consistency that is too narrow. Consistency is an application-centric property. It should not be reduced to freshness. Thirdly, there exists a multiplicity of consistency definitions, each relying on subtly different assumptions and definitions of consistency. As a result, it is almost impossible to compare the guarantees provided by each system.


The repulsive forces between milk-fat globules as apparent from microscopic counting are shown to be definitely influenced by the addition of a number of chemicals. Some data provide evidence of the long range of action of these forces. An explanation is given of the failure of countings by Svedberg et al. to establish interaction.


Over the last two years the powering strategy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has undergone a considerable evolution. This was not only motivated by new requirements but more importantly by a quest to reduce costs and improve operational reliability and flexibility. In order to achieve this, despite an increase in complexity, novel modifications to the strategy and hardware have been proposed both on the warm and cold sides of the machine. During this process the requirements of the accelerator physics have been clarified and met while working within the boundary conditions imposed by the utilisation of the existing CERN infrastructure. After a brief review of the present powering strategy which needs to produce and supply 2MA DC in 1800 circuits, more detailed descriptions will be given of the changes implemented in order to achieve a more rational overall system. Some performance issues of the powering system will also be discussed.


The invention discloses an implement method for producing high power radiation based on double negative materials. Electrons of electron beams are enabled to move in a vacuum area close to an interface of the double negative materials and a vacuum at a certain average speed which is larger than phase speed of electromagnetic waves of the double negative materials so that relevant high power radiation is produced. The method is capable of being applied to a high power, miniaturization terahertz radiation source and a cerenkov particle detector and a cerenkov particle launcher.


Raman spectroscopy is a useful and non-destructive tool for the structural characterization of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. Even though Raman spectroscopy is not a quantitative technique, the area integral intensity ratio of D and G peaks (ID/IG) derived by the fitting of separate Gaussian curves usually serves as an indicator of the quality trend of diamond-like material. However, conflicting reports still exist on the diamond-like films analyzed by the fitting method of Raman spectra. In this work we show that the quality trend of the diamond-like/graphitic carbon ratio is critically dependent upon the boundary conditions of the analytic regions. We also examine the possibility of directly applying the peak height ratio HD/HG as an alternative method to analyze Raman spectra. The method based on peak height ratios (HD/HG), and an established method using ID/IG ratios can give similar results depending on the choice, in the latter method, of the boundary conditions used for integration. However, the method based on the determination of peak heights avoids the arbitrary assignment of integral boundary conditions while additionally generating a data set that shows statistically smaller standard deviations than the commonly used integration method Graphical Abstract Effect of the Analytic Regions on the Quality Trend of Diamond-like/Graphitic Carbon Ratios in Raman Spectra


In type-1.5 superconductors, vortices emerge in clusters, which grow in size with increasing magnetic field. These novel vortex clusters and their field dependence are directly visualized by scanning SQUID microscopy at very low vortex densities in MgB2 single crystals. Our observations are elucidated by simulations based on a two-gap Ginzburg-Landau theory in the type-1.5 regime.


THE causes of cirrhosis are by no means entirely known. In alcoholic patients malnutrition, probably alcohol and possibly virus hepatitis need to be considered.1 Among patients without alcoholism hepatitis virus and malnutrition have been invoked as possible causes, and yet neither alone nor in combination do these seem to be sufficient to account for the worldwide presence but varied incidence of this disease. Other possible factors need to be searched for and studied, among which is a number of plants and fungi known to produce liver lesions when ingested by animals and, in some cases, by man.2 The great emphasis . . .


Now a days, hybrid traction seam s to be one of the best ways in order to reduce fuel consumption for vehicles. It consists of associating an electric motor next to the classical thermal machine. Bi such an embedded system , the efficiency and the torque per unit mass are very important. So it seem s to be a good idea to use the permanent magnet synchronous machine, which is recognized for satisfying these two objectives. Since the allocated volume is rather flat, axial flux topologies are interesting [1] .This papers goal is to propose an optimal first design method for such structures, given the allocated volume and the machine requirements. Then we study the flux weakening capabilities of the machine, which is always an important point for traction applications.


Intrusion detection plays an important role in the netowrk.The concept,function and performance indicators of the intrusion detection are described.Applications of this technology in Baosteel's inspection detection network are also introduced in this paper.


ABSTRACT This paper investigated the effects of laboratory synthesised rocket composite propellants' formulations on propellant performance parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). For the sake of a safe environment, the propellant is made of chemical constituents that have less severe effects on air quality. Experimental measurements of propellant performance parameters were carried out using the ballistic evaluation method. The thrust generated during combustion, the burn time and the propellant combustion temperature were measured using a data acquisition facility equipped with a button load cell and a thermocouple. Specific impulse, density, temperature, characteristic velocity, molecular weight and heat ratio were computed from the measured parameters. The resulting optimum rocket composite propellant formulations were 65.1%, 18.1%, 9.1%, 3.6%, 2.2% and 1.9% for the oxidiser, binder, fuel, opacifier, burning rate enhancer and catalysts, respectively. The corresponding performance indices including specific impulse, propellant density, propellant temperature, propellant characteristic velocity, molecular weight and heat ratio were 122.03 s, 1697.08 kg m−3, 2025.07 K, 987.65 m s−1 , 31.50 kg mol−1 and 1.02, respectively. Findings revealed the accuracy and the adequacy of RSM in analysing and optimising the effects of composite rocket propellant formulation on its performance parameters and also a step towards producing an environmentally friendly rocket composite propellant.


This paper develops a stronger version of 'inference‐to‐the‐best explanation' scientific realism. I argue against three standard assumptions of current realists: (1) realism is confirmed if it provides the best explanation of theories' predictive success; (2) the realist claim that successful theories are always approximately true provides the best explanation of their success; and (3) realists are committed to giving the same sort of truth‐based explanation of superseded theories' success that they give to explain our best current theories' success. On the positive side, I argue that (1) the confirmation of realism requires explaining theories' explanatory success, not just their predictive success; (2) in turn this task requires a richer realist model of explanation that brings into the explanans both (a) successful theories' epistemic virtues (e.g., unification and simplicity) and (b) the standards governing these virtues, as well as truth; (3) this richer realist model is further confirmed because it can better explain the success of theories in gaining wide acceptance among scientists; and (4) the model is further supported because it is superior to 'preservative realism' in providing a plausible rebuttal of the pessimistic meta‐induction from the many past successful‐but‐false theories to the likelihood that our best current theories are likewise false.


In this study, we use psychophysics and MEG functional brain imaging in order to assess listeners' ability to automatically 'learn' rapidly presented frequency patterns. Pattern learning is assessed by briefly exposing listeners to frequency-based sound patterns and measuring behavioural/brain responses to pattern violation. Specifically, our stimulus set consists of transitions between regularly alternating sequences of three short (60ms) tones (ABCABC...; new frequencies on each trial; duration between 1260 and 1440ms overall, i.e. the pattern is repeated 7 times before the transition) and a long (540ms) constant frequency tone. In the 'expected' (EXP) condition, the post transition frequency is expected based on the on-going frequency pattern. In this case, the change is a 'duration deviant', detectable from one pip-duration (60ms) after the transition. In the 'unexpected' condition (UN-EXP), the transition is to an unexpected frequency (always the frequency following the one that is expected: e.g. ...ABCB...). If the system is sensitive to frequency pattern violation, the change should be detectable once the post-transition frequency is extracted. Otherwise both kinds of transitions should be detected simultaneously. Importantly, in both conditions the transition was to a frequency that appeared equally often in the preceding pattern, such that the detection of pattern violation could not be based on adaptation. In the first magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment (N=16), naive subjects listened to EXP and UN-EXP stimuli while performing an unrelated decoy task. We demonstrate that brain responses to both stimuli are characterized by identical dynamics, except that the UN-EXP response occurs slightly earlier (~10ms). Albeit small, this latency difference is robust and withstands both average and single-trial based analyses, suggesting that the auditory cortex is sensitive to frequency pattern violations and that these are detected rapidly and automatically. On the behavioural side however, early pilot experiments indicated that listeners have difficulty in discriminating between EXP and UN-EXP (unable to indicate whether the post-transition, long pure-tone constituted a violation of the preceding frequency pattern) . Why are listeners unable to access this information' We hypothesized that this is due to perceptual masking: information about violation of frequency expectation is available briefly, but is subsequently perceptually masked by the second violation (change in tone duration). To test this hypothesis, we compared (with separate MEG and behavioural experiments) the original stimuli (termed 'LONG') with two other variants: one where the last tone was shortened to 60ms ('SHORT'), the other where the deviant tone was directly followed by a regular sequence ('CONTINUOUS': ...ABCBABC...). In the behavioural study listeners (N=22) had to determine whether the last tone was expected based on the on-going REG sequence (EXP) or violated the regularity pattern (UN-EXP) by pressing one of two keyboard keys (or in the CONTINUOUS case, whether they could detect a 'missing' tone in the sequence). The CONTINUOUS condition contains only a single violation and was hypothesized to be significantly more detectable. The SHORT condition contains two violations (frequency, and the subsequent cessation of the sequence) but since offset events are known to be less attention grabbing than onset events we hypothesized better performance on this condition relative to LONG. As expected, performance on CONTINUOUS was at ceiling. However, many participants could not perform either SHORT or LONG tasks. Importantly, those who could do the task (d'>0.5; 14 listeners) showed significantly better performance for SHORT than for LONG (p=0.01). 11/14 listeners presented this effect. Overall, our data support the 'perceptual masking' hypothesis. The auditory cortex can detect violations in frequency patterns rapidly and automatically. Information about the violation is available in Planum Temporale at about 200ms post violation. However, in certain cases such violations do not reach perceptual awareness due to 'perceptual masking' by other events which occur within the same sound stream but appear to be perceptually prioritized by the auditory system.


In this study, we report the persistent impacts of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake/tsunami on the ionosphere using the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System and FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC total electron content. Multiple unusual ionospheric phenomena, such as ionospheric irregularities, nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), and planar traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), were observed after the emergence of tsunami‐induced concentric gravity waves. The ionospheric irregularities initially developed over the Hokkaido region following the interference of gravity waves at ~8:45 UT. Remarkably, the Perkins‐type nighttime MSTIDs accompanying the planar TIDs were discernible over Japan following the irregularities. By comparing with the tsunami model simulation and ocean buoy observations, it is determined that these planar TIDs, lasting for about 10 hr, were likely related to tsunami ocean waves reflected by seamounts, ridges, islands, and seafloor topography in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the absence of sporadic E layers, we suggest that the coupling between the tsunami‐generated gravity waves and the Perkins instability plays an essential role in initiating the equinoctial nighttime MSTIDs. The long‐lasting tsunami can continuously impact the ionosphere, affecting the nighttime ionospheric electrodynamics and making the conditions conducive for the development of midlatitude nighttime ionospheric irregularities and instabilities.


Abstract Reinforced concrete bridges constitute the major part of existing bridges. The purpose of this paper is to present a serviceability evaluation methodology for RC bridges under probabilistic conditions. It will be based on analytical calculations with no need to complex modeling or advanced software. For this purpose, a realistic traffic model is simulated based on existing weigh-in-motion WIM data from some European sites. The probabilistic distributions of the time-dependent load effects, moment and deflection, are then deduced after hundreds of simulations. The degradation effects are introduced in the analysis by considering the concrete creep and shrinkage. A simplified model to introduce creep effect under variable traffic load is also proposed. The time dependent reliability indices are then calculated for a set of 21 simply supported RC T-beam bridges with varying parameters such as span lengths, number of girders, girder spacing and number of design lanes. The first order reliability method FORM, is used in the reliability calculation in order to evaluate the structural performance under the considered failure scenario.


The invention discloses a method for picking desertliving cistanche seeds by utilizing a bag, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural crop culture. The method includes the following steps: the white nylon mesh bag with 80 to 100 meshes is used for covering seed-bearing desertliving cistanche inflorescences at the full-bloom stage of desertliving cistanche, the bottom of the mesh bag is tied up, the mature desertliving cistanche inflorescences covered by the mesh bag are picked along with the mesh bag after the desertliving cistanche blooms for 45 to 50 days and desertliving cistanche capsules crack and when seeds are mature, and finally, the desertliving cistanche seeds are screened and graded for later seeding. The method overcomes the production problem that the cracking ofcapsules leads to the loss of seeds to cause the decrease of yield when desertliving cistanche seeds are mature during production, and is suitable for picking desertliving cistanche seeds, and moreover, the method not only can guarantee normal ventilation and light permeation for desertliving cistanche inflorescences, but also can prevent insects, mice and other pests from harming desertliving cistanche inflorescences, thus effectively increasing the yield of desertliving cistanche seeds.


However, there are so many critical attributes that influence the performance of your folding carton that are attributable to the paperboard that it warrants understanding just what it is that makes up the material used to produce your package. While there are dozens; the most common grades of paperboard are; CNB (clay news back – C1S recycled), CKB (clay kraft back – C1S recycled), BC (bending chip – Uncoated recycled) SBS (solid bleached sulfate – C1S virgin fiber) & SUS (solid unbleached sulfate – C1S virgin fiber). The differences between these grades are created by both the furnish (mixture of fiber and other materials blended in stock suspension from which paperboard is manufactured) and the profile (performance attributes influenced by both the furnish and the type of machine utilized to produce the sheet).


The prediction of the ground state structure of atomic clusters is one of the core problems in the study of clusters, and the results will directly affect the discussion on the properties of clusters. For the difficult cluster structure prediction problem, the cluster energy prediction model of nonmetallic clusters is established first, and B is taken as an example to study. Secondly, B24 genmer tool is used to generate isomers of clusters. Then, an improved simulated annealing algorithm is used to obtain the local optimal configuration for cluster optimization. Finally, the global optimal structure of Bn(n=24,53) is predicted and the stability of B53 and B24 is analyzed from three aspects of geometry, bonding and dynamics. The experimental results show that the global optimal structure is a sea urchin structure with a football-shaped interior. Its surface is composed of 8 triangles and 6 squares, and there is an atom at each vertex in the direction of reverse extension from the center. The structure of B53 is hollow and irregular. The improved simulated annealing algorithm used in this paper can provide an effective method for the study of complex cluster structure, and the results obtained have certain reference significance for the experimental study of atomic cluster structure.


In this paper,some technologies adopted in Huanglong cave is introduced in detail. They are fibre optic,auto conducting system,computer PLC distributed control system, LED displaying screen, and TV monitoring system, ect.. After adopting these technologies, the scene becomes more beautiful, the operation becomes automatic, the conductors are relaxed, the lighting control system become computerized, and the monitoring control of Huanglong cave become automatic and easy.


Introduction: Gutta-Percha (GP) is a standard endodontic filling material found in pure form in the Cipetir area, Indonesia. However, a study comparing physical properties (brittleness and flowability) between pure GP and commercially used GP has not been found. Therefore, this study aims to test the brittleness and flowability of Cipetir GP compared to commercial GP. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. Forty samples were prepared for each material and test, according to ANSI/ADA specification-GP cones-no 78 in 2006. The first step began by making a sample of Cipetir GP using moulds from a cuvette, commercial GP (Inline #80), and gypsum stone. The second step was to test the brittleness (Crease Recovery Tester) and flowability (according to ADA No. 78 of 2000) of Cipetir GP and commercial GP. Results: The brittleness test of Cipetir GP showed unbroken samples, and the commercial GP showed four broken samples. The Fisher's Exact test showed a p-value of 0.087, which means there was no significant difference in brittleness between Cipetir GP and commercial GP. At the same time, the average value of flowability of Cipetir GP and commercial GP were 6.46 mm and 0.19 mm, respectively. The unpaired t-test showed a p-value<0.05, which means there was a significant difference in the flowability between Cipetir GP and commercial GP. Conclusions: There is a brittleness similarity between Cipetir GP and commercial GP, while the flowability value of Cipetir GP is higher than commercial GP. Those initial findings showed that the Cipetir GP might become an excellent candidate to be an alternative endodontic filling.


The satisfaction from the customers is paid more attention by the business.So the quota system of the satisfaction from the customers should be used to serve the company.The design of the quota system needs the first choice,investigation and statistical analysis.


This thesis presents results in the search for a scalar partner of the top quark in an R-parity conserving supersymmetric extension of the standard model. The top squark is assumed to decay into a b quark and a chargino, and the chargino is assumed to decay into a neutralino and a W boson. For both decays the branching ratio is set to 100% and the chargino mass is assumed to be equal to twice the neutralino mass, i.e. χ̃1 = 2Mχ̃01 . The search is performed by analyzing the data recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2012, with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of √ s = 8 TeV. Two different strategies are presented, starting with a cut and count experiment. This cut based strategy did not have enough sensitivity and resulted in the choice for a shape fit approach. The performance of the shape fit, using the CLs technique, resulted in an excluded region in the mass grid with the χ̃1 = 2Mχ̃01 mass hypothesis of χ̃1 = 100 GeV, Mχ̃01 = 50 GeV and 240 GeV < Mt̃ < 430 GeV at 95% CL.


This paper is devoted to the design of the filter for voice signals on the background of acoustic noise. Nonparametric model of the voice signals is suggested. The results are confirmed by experimental processing of the voice signals.


In the face of the deep reform of the rural economy structure in China, it is critical to foster new type of agricultural operators and develop various forms of agricultural scale operation. Through comprehensive analysis of the present situation of financial support for the development of new type of agricultural operators of Zhangye city, the paper discusses main problems faced by new type of agricultural operators in financing at present and causes, and puts forward suggestions such as establishing a government guarantee institution, developing new type of rural financial cooperation organizations and taking advantage of Internet finance and so on in order to solve the problem of fund shortage in the development of the new type of agricultural operators.


The question of opioid diversion related to this intervention was included in a previous letter to the editor: Kind AJ, Jensen LL, Kennelty KA. Far too easy: Opioid diversion during the transition from hospital to nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:2229–2231. Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. Dr. Kennelty has received institutional grant support from the Department of Veterans Affairs. She also served as a consultant for the Gerontological Society of America. Dr. Kind has received institutional grant support from the Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, NIA and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and the John Hartford Foundation, and serves as a consultant for the State of Maryland. No other co-authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose. This material is the result of work supported with resources at the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin (Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Manuscript No. 2015–017). The contents do not represent views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. government. Dr. Kind was supported by a National Institute on Aging Beeson Career Development Award (K23AG034551, PI: Kind, National Institute on Aging, American Federation for Aging Research, John A. Hartford Foundation, Atlantic Philanthropies, Starr Foundation); National Institute on Aging (NIA) 2P50AG033514–06. Dr. Kind's time was also partially supported by the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health from the Wisconsin Partnership Program. Additional support was provided by the Community-Academic Partnerships core of the University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Grant UL1TR000427 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award program of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. Author Contributions: Kennelty, Jensen, Kind: study concept and design. Kennelty, Jensen, Gehring, Kind: acquisition of subjects and data. Kennelty, Jensen, Gehring, Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Roiland, Kordahl, Kind: analysis and interpretation of data. Kennelty, Jensen, Gehring, Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Roiland, Kordahl, Kind: preparation of manuscript. Sponsor's Role: No funding source or sponsor had a role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.


The paper examines the impact of human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria using data for the period 1980-2012. Econometrics techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares Method and Johanson's Co-integration Test were used to examine the long-run relationship. Evidence from the study suggest that though a long-run relationship exists between human capital and economic growth and the Nigerian human capital development is significantly and positively related to economic growth based on the result. But the link between the human capital development and the real sector of the economy remains very weak. This was due to the fact that some human capital development determinants have negative impact on economic growth in Nigeria and this implies that both the primary and secondary sub- sectors of education in Nigeria are yet to contribute significantly to economic growth. This is sad considering the amount of resources that are being allocated to these sub-sectors of education by the government and other stakeholders in Nigeria. Therefore, this calls for a rethink of our educational agenda and the study also recommended that the educational system should be restructured to meet the needs of the changing society in terms of high-level manpower that will propel the economy to higher levels of productivity, income and rapid economic growth. Keywords- human capital, Resources, development, education, productivity, Efficiency


The work deals with the substitution of a transcendental function by a polynomial one, determined through Newton's Interpolator polynomial, in a certain interval, so that the characteristics in that space have a performance similar to that of the original function. Research enables numerous applications in the scientific field, as polynomial functions allow better predictability in the display of their graphics as well as in the entry of analytical points and results that are easy to manipulate and display. Some examples of application in the calculation of integrals were presented, presenting the calculations and obtaining the interpolating function. A comparative table was displayed with four transcendental functions, presenting equally acceptable results. The substitution of these functions in the integral calculation allows results with errors with a possibly acceptable margin in pre-established intervals.


Objective: It was paid attention to specification in supervision and inspection of medical devices.Methods: It was discussed about difficulty of collecting specification by "The Provisions for Supervision and Inspection of Medical Devices"and SFDA Order No.31.Results and Conclusion: It was suggested that strengthen supervision and specification in supervision and inspection of Medical Devices.


Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986) is one of the most enduringly popular American artists - and one of the most compelling. Her monumental depictions of flowers and dramatic landscapes of the deserts and cliffs of New Mexico are instantly recognizable as hers by a vast general audience. This slim, portable volume provides readers with a selection of her works, reproduced from the premier collection of her art - that of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, USA. A brief history of the museum opens the book and the paintings are printed on heavy stock.


We investigate optical collimation of an atomic beam using a spectrally broadened white light molasses. We compare this technique with the standard technique using an atomic collimator and find that, under certain conditions, the white light molasses is preferable. Specifically, a white light molasses is suitable for atomic beams with relatively low mean velocities and broad velocity distributions, for example, a beam effusing from a cryogenically cooled reservoir. This result is demonstrated by numerically modeling the atomic trajectories of argon atoms effusing from a cryogenically cooled reservoir. We find that, given sufficient power, a white light molasses captures a larger fraction of atoms when compared to an atomic collimator, and the velocity distribution of the resulting beam is shifted toward slower velocities. Further, an optical molasses is geometrically relatively simple compared to an atomic collimator; therefore, the complexity of the in-vacuum optical arrangement can be significantly reduced.


In my paper, I argue that the patterns of globalization should be interpreted as a functionally enclosed structurally linked locality system whose prevailing environment is represented by the global flow of symbols. My research results suggest that authenticity and algorithmization are not rival concepts of cultural reproduction. On the contrary, different localities are able to ride the waves of globalization that combine complementary strategies of algorithmization and authenticity in a standardized form. Thus, these localities adapt to the challenges of globalization that produce and combine standardized-algorithmic and standardized-authentic patterns.


participating nations. This event resulted in a patriotic fervour and outbursts of national rhetoric among Swedes. It was little David's victory over many Goliaths. The cartoon above from 1912 depicts a golden Swede surrounded by throphies and a surprised John Bull and Uncle Sam in the background. The caption runs: John Bull: Look out Sam, this boy may outgrow us. Sam: Let's see if he doesn't shrink in 1916.


This study aimed to investigate the students' needs of English language skills and materials at the Akper of Bengkulu Province . The population of this research comprised of students of fiffh semester and lectures. The samples were taken by using random sampling technique. There were 22 students and 19 lectures as samples of this study. To collect the data, the researcher used a set of questionnaire and interview, involving English language skills and materials. The data were analyzed using percentage formula. The results of the study show that the nurse academy students only moderately need English skills. The most needed skill for the respondents is reading, especially to read materials such as reading textbook, journal, and email. The second needed skill for the respondents is speaking, for example talking in the telephone and giving the information. In terms of vocabulary needs, the respondents reported that and they need vocabulary on medical. The results of syllabus analysis show that the materials have been designed based on the needs analysis English for nurse academy students, but the reading activities still lack of variation.


Given that the true test of leadership does not take place when everything is going according to plan, a leader's ability to support and guide personnel will determine whether they are a good or bad leader in the sector of tourist attractions (Kamau, 2020). As with any other industry, leadership in tourist attraction is vital to the success of the industry. Success in the tourist attraction relies heavily on collaboration, partnerships, and strong leadership. With the advent of COVID-19 , leadership in the tourist attraction sector has been put to the test. Nevertheless, the one thing this health crisis has demonstrated is th at when we find ourselves in crisis, we need leadership. Therefore, the objective of this study is to fill a gap in the literature consisting in the lack of a model relating the abovementioned variables. Basically, this study will present clarity on how global leadership st yle can influence the employee work engagement and health of tourist attraction sector of the hospitality industry. Additionally, results of the study served as a realization on possible considerations on how followership style mediates organizational support as important elements for fostering a positive and effective work environment.


The report categorizes school safety technologies, noting the lack of research about school safety technology and summarizing the existing research on school violence; presents six case studies of innovative technologies used in schools; and summarizes experts' views of technologies and safety problems, determined through interviews; and presents experts' rankings of technology needs to improve school safety, produced during two day-long panels.


In complex water environment, the portable 3D imaging sonar is one of the main techniques for flexible underwater tasks, especially in the near field. In the literature, an efficient digital beamforming called parallel subarray (PS) has been introduced for portable 3D sonar working in the far field. This paper proposes an extension of the PS beamforming algorithm that enables to process the multi-frequency signals acquired by the cross array from a scene in the near field. The proposed algorithm achieves two stage parallel beamforming and applies an optimized approximation delay for the near-field beam pattern in the two stage beamforming. Then, the architecture of the algorithm performed on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is illustrated. The near-field beam pattern of the algorithm is similar to that of the direct method while computational requirement is the lowest compared to other existing methods. To test the validity of the algorithm, a real system was devised and employed in the lake. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could generate satisfactory 3D underwater images.


In this paper,an improved scheme based on DiffServ network is proposed to provide a decentralized coopera-tive QoS management for real-time services'admission control and resources'monitoring.The proposed scheme consists of aQoS Control Server(QoSCS),a Service Management Server(SMS),a Network Management Server(NMS)and routersin the concerned management domain.When an application asks for a service with specific QoS requirements,a series ofcooperation are initiated among these components by means of a suit of signaling protocol.Once a service is admitted,itcan provide required QoS services more effectively than original DiffServ network.Monitoring per-flow states are movedfrom edge routers to the QoSCS server.The prototype implementation and experimental results show that this scheme canprovide enhanced manageability and scalability for providing per-flow management in such a distributed way.


Introduction This is a retrospective study to find out the prevalence of symptoms before and after cervical laminectomy surgery in a series of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Material and Methods A total of 45 patients with CSM (29 males and 16 females; mean age, 54.2 year) treated by laminectomy with or without posterior fixation were included. Cases were followed up for an average of 26 months. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score for CSM to evaluate the severity of myelopathy, the prevalence was assessed by the presence or absence of a full mJOA score for each function. The persistence rate (%) of each function impairment is (postoperative prevalence/preoperative prevalence × 100) was also assessed postoperatively. Results The preoperative motor function impairment prevalence was 74.2% in the upper extremities and 78.4% in the lower extremities, whereas the sensory function impairment was 58.2%. The preoperative prevalence of urinary bladder function impairment was 41.2%. The persistence rate of motor function impairment was 51.2% in the upper extremities and 73.5% in the lower extremities, whereas that of sensory function impairment was 74.2%. The urinary bladder function impairment persistence rate was 48.2%. Conclusion The preoperative prevalence of motor function impairment in the upper and lower extremities is higher than that of other function impairments, and impairments in lower extremity motor function and sensory function often persist after surgery.


Fe 20 Ni 74 Co 6 and Fe 20 Ni 64 Co 16 magnetic tubes electroplated onto Cu 98 Be 2 conductive wire were investigated in the as-prepared state after heat treatment under a longitudinal DC magnetic field for 1 h at 300°C or 330°C and after deposition of an additional FeNi layer by rf-sputtering in order to receive a hysteresis loop as squarelike as possible and a bistable magnetic state. Heat treatments modify the shape of hysteresis loops. Magnetically bistable behavior is observed after the field annealing at a temperature of 330°C. The bistable behavior of these wires is promising in technological application; it has never been observed before in electroplated wires.


This paper presents three cases of obstructive thrombosis of the pulmonary trunk following banding procedure. The complication was lethal for all our patients as well as for the three others reported in the literature. Considering the typical course of the complication, the relatively late onset of cyanosis or its increase in heart diseases with primary right-to-left shunt, the X-ray pictures of the thorax depicting a drastic fall of pulmonary flow, and most of all the angio-cardiographic clues for the presence of an intravasal thrombus, it appears, that the correct diagnosis could be made early enough to permit life saving surgery. The anatomical-pathological findings and the results of histological examination are reported for all three patients.


OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the clinical accuracy of equations that estimate creatinine clearance to predict the correct drug doses in hospitalized elderly patients DESIGN: Single 24-hour creatinine clearance measurement compared with estimated creatinine clearances derived from eight equations using total and modified ideal body weight SETTING: Nonintensive care medical and surgical units at a county hospital PATIENTS: 15 patients with urethral catheters were enrolled in each of three age groups: 65–75, 76–85, and ≥86 years MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Drug–dose predictions, bias, precision, and absolute errors RESULTS: The bias for all equations was −4.0−42.0 mL/min (–0.07–0.70 mL/s) and the precision was 10.8−47.4 mL/min (0.18–0.88 mL/s). The Jelliffe 1973, Hull et al., and Mawer et al. equations were the least biased and the Jelliffe 1973 was the most precise, followed by the Mawer et al., Hull et al., and Cockcroft-Gault equations. The percent of patients with absolute percent errors >20 percent were 38 percent for Jelliffe 1973, 36 percent for Mawer et al., 40 percent for Hull et al., and >50 percent for the other equations. The percent of patients receiving correct drug doses was 67 percent for Jelliffe 1973, 58 percent for Gates, 51 percent for Mawer et al. and Hull et al., and <50 percent for the other equations. Within various age, renal function, serum creatinine, and albumin subgroups, the Jelliffe 1973 estimates were least biased and most precise, followed by the Cockcroft-Gault estimates. Generally, estimates using modified lean body weight performed better than did those using total body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The Jelliffe 1973 equation with modified lean body weight was the best equation, followed by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Even with the best equation, 33 percent of the patients would have received an incorrect drug dose. Therefore, some elderly patients may still require a measured creatinine clearance.


The author cuts through that confusion with his clear, sensible discussion of the development of the borderline concept, of the diagnosis of personality disorder, and of competency-based treatment.


This research presents a deep learning approach to determine pineapple size from images, to identify the instances of pineapples, and subsequently to extract fruit dimensions using the OpenCV library [5]. This was achieved by first detecting pineapples in each image using Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and then extracting the pixel diameter and length measurements, and the projected areas from the detected mask outputs. Various Mask R-CNNs were considered for the task of pineapple detection. The best-performing detector (Model 4: COCO Fliplr Res50) made use of MS COCO starting weights, a ResNet50 CNN backbone, and horizontal flipping data augmentation during the training process. This model achieved a validation AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.914 and a test AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.901, and was used to predict masks for an unseen dataset containing images of pre-measured pineapples. The distributions of measurements extracted from the detected masks were compared to those of the manual measurements using two-sample Z-tests and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests. There was sufficient similarity between the distributions, and it was therefore established that the reported method is appropriate for pineapple size determination in this context.


The author presents an overview of the current literature on homocysteine as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric Disorders. The neuropsychiatric literature has recently seen a spate of papers on the role of homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid that is not a dietary constituent and does not form proteins Epidemiological evidence has gradually accumulated to implicate homocysteine in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric Disorders. However, pathogenic mechanisms that increase oxidative stress by homocysteine are unsubstantiated. Homocysteine induces oxidative stress by up-regulating promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by increasing NADPH oxidase and decreasing thioredoxin. Increased oxidative stress via ROS also increases inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent nitrotyrosine formation. The findings which establish a link between oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia have inspired a number of other recent studies focusing on the link between oxidative status and neurotoxicity in neuropsychiatric disorders. This review examines the discoveries made on the neurotoxicity due to homocysteine-induced oxidative stress and also discussed the therapeutic approach of antioxidants in neuropsychiatric disorders along with hyperhomocysteinemia.


This study explores the impact of temporary and more permanent internal migration, along with family resources and individual human capital attributes, on upward and downward job transitions of workers in Thailand. Four multinomial logit origin and destination occupational transition models were estimated using the 1992 National Migration Survey of Thailand. Results showed that the increasingly frequent phenomenon of temporary migration was consistently associated with both lower occupational transition rates and downward occupational mobility. More permanent migration was associated with both upward and downward occupational mobility, and migration to Bangkok affected only specific occupational sector transitions.


Datta et al. define three major classes of enhancers that are differentially sensitive to binding and transcriptional activation by Bicoid (Bcd) and Orthodenticle (Otd). The specific activities of enhancers in each class are mediated by DNA motif variants preferentially bound by Bcd or Otd and the presence or absence of sites for cofactors that interact with these proteins.


High gravity brewing has been progressively introduced into breweries around the world for the past twenty-five years. Today, more beer is produced in North America by this production method than by conventional means. The major advantage of this process is that by reducing the amount of water in the mash, increasing production demands can be met without expanding existing brewing, fermenting and storage facilities. Disadvantages include decreased brewhouse material efficiency and kettle hop utilization, reduced foam stability, flavor matching problems, decreased viability and vitality, variable re actions to acid washing, a requirement for adjustments in the wort divalent composition, and a need to reduce the number of yeast generations as the wort gravity increases.


Recent self-supervised learning (SSL) models have proven to learn rich representations of speech, which can readily be utilized by diverse downstream tasks. To understand such utilities, various analyses have been done for speech SSL models to reveal which and how information is encoded in the learned representations. Although the scope of previous analyses is extensive in acoustic, phonetic, and semantic perspectives, the physical grounding by speech production has not yet received full attention. To bridge this gap, we conduct a comprehensive analysis to link speech representations to articulatory trajectories measured by electromagnetic articulography (EMA). Our analysis is based on a linear probing approach where we measure articulatory score as an average correlation of linear mapping to EMA. We analyze a set of SSL models selected from the leaderboard of the SUPERB benchmark [1] and perform further layer-wise analyses on two most successful models, Wav2Vec 2.0 [2] and HuBERT [3]. Surprisingly, representations from the recent speech SSL models are highly correlated with EMA traces (best: r =0.81), and only 5 minutes are sufficient to train a linear model with high performance (r =0.77). Our findings suggest that SSL models learn to align closely with continuous articulations, and provide a novel insight into speech SSL.


Although a firm's use of shorter-term debt can potentially help it to reduce agency costs of debt and align managers' interests with those of shareholders, the use of this type of debt increases the firm's refinancing risk. We hypothesize that firms with debt that has a shorter maturity hold larger cash reserves to reduce important costs they could incur if they have difficulty refinancing their debt. Using a simultaneous equations framework that accounts for the joint determination of cash holdings and debt maturity, we find that firms that shorten (lengthen) the maturity of their debt increase (decrease) their cash holdings. Additionally, we document that U.S. firms have markedly shortened the maturity of their debt over the 1980-2008 period and that this can explain a large fraction of the increase in the cash holdings of these firms over this period. We also show that the market value of a dollar of cash holdings is higher for firms whose debt has a shorter maturity. Further, the inverse associations between the maturity of a firm's debt with the level and market value of its cash holdings are more pronounced during periods when credit market conditions are tighter and refinancing risk is consequently higher. Finally, we show that larger cash holdings help to mitigate underinvestment problems resulting from refinancing risk. Overall, our findings suggest that refinancing risk is a key determinant of corporate cash holdings. * We thank Malcolm Baker, Travis Box, Murillo Campello, Amar Gande, Kathy Kahle, Swaminathan Kalpathy, and seminar participants at McGill University, Texas Tech University, Virginia Tech University, the University of Arizona, and the 2011 University of Innsbruck – Financial Markets and Risk conference for helpful comments. We also thank Douglas Fairhurst for excellent research assistance.


Engineering education is facing difficult times attracting women, African-Americans, and Hispanics in academia in the United States. The problem worsens in graduate education as the statistics for women and minority faculty at engineering graduate schools across the country are depressingly low. As the quest for knowledge increases, we must provide PhD students with new tools and resources to compete and succeed in the global economy. In 2002, a unique partnership between Syracuse University, Cornell University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez was established under the name of "The Alliance for Graduate Education and The Professorate; Central New York-Puerto Rico" (AGEP: CNY-PR). The alliance has been successful in increasing the number of minorities and female obtaining PhD degrees in science, mathematics and engineering while promoting research and education collaboration among the allied institutions


We observed terahertz (THz) radiation using difference frequency generation (DFG) of two cavity modes in a (113)B GaAs/AlAs coupled multilayer cavity. 100 fs laser pulses were used to simultaneously excite two cavity modes, and oscillations with a period of 0.45 ps were clearly observed in the temporal waveform of THz time-domain measurements. The oscillation period agrees well with the difference frequency of the two cavity modes (2.2 THz). This clearly indicates that the observed signal originates from THz radiation generated by DFG of the two cavity modes in the GaAs/AlAs coupled multilayer cavity.


A collaborative image processing method is proposed to enhance the shape and details of a scene through synthesizing a set of multi-light images that capture a scene with fixed view-point but various lighting positions. A very challenging problem is to remove the artifacts due to shadow edges from the synthesized image. To address this problem, a simple Sobel filter based method is provided by utilizing the feature of multi-light images in which the shadow edges are usually not overlapped. A detail layer that contains the details of all images is firstly constructed by using a gradient domain method and a quadratic filter. Then a base layer is produced by using only one input image. The detail layer is finally added to the base layer to produce the desired detail enhanced image. Using this method, the details lost in the shadow of original input image can be reproduced by the details of other images and the sense of depth is preserved well in the synthesized image. Interactivities are also provided for users to adjust the appearance of the detail enhanced image according to their preferences.


Parkinsonism can be caused by idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and other less common conditions. In the early phases of illness, clinical features may substantially overlap, making accurate diagnosis difficult. To further confound this clinical conundrum, pathologically proven PSP may manifest as 3 distinct clinical phenotypes: PSP–pure akinesia with gait freezing (PSP-PAGF), Richardson syndrome (RS), and PSP parkinsonism (PSP-P).1 Patients with PSP-PAGF have pure akinesia with gait freezing. People with RS have a classic presentation with supranuclear gaze palsy as well as falls and dementia early in the course of the disorder. Those with PSP-P, however, have asymmetric onset, tremor, and moderate initial response to levodopa that may include dopa-induced dyskinesia. Given these overlapping features it is not surprising that early stages of PSP-P can be mistaken for PD, MSA, or even CBD.

Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria for PSP known as the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)–SPSP criteria define probable and possible PSP, with definite PSP requiring histopathology.2 Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and falls in the first year of disease onset are consistent with probable PSP while supranuclear gaze palsy alone or falls with slowness of vertical saccades are consistent with possible PSP. …


The course of conjugate addition of diethyl methylmalonate depends upon reaction conditions, giving rearranged products in the presence of a full equivalent of base. With ethyl cinnamate, this rearranged product is diethyl ae th oxy c a rb ony 1 J3 ph e ny 1 Y~me thy 1 glutarate(36). The currently accepted view of the mechanism of this reaction involves conjugate addition followed by ethoxycarbonyl transfer via a cyclobutanone intermediate. However, evidence to the contrary has been obtained. The study of ethyl cinnamate and its analogs suggests diethyl methylmalonate reacts with two molecules of the unsaturated component to give a ternary intermediate, which undergoes ethoxycarbonyl transfer via a cyc'lohexane intermediate. In the case of ethyl cinnamate, such a process followed by retrogression gives ethyl a-methylcinnamate and diethyl or-ethoxycarbonyl-§>-phenylglutarate(49) • These recombine via conjugate addition of compound k-S as an alkylmaIonic ester to give the intermediate diethyl a-me thy l-j3, jj-diphenyl-YjY-diethoxycarbonylpimelate. This intermediate undergoes retrogression to give ethyl cinnamate and the rearranged product(36). Furthermore, diethyl malonate does not undergo abnormal partition. A report to the contrary is discussed.


Both software engineering research community and standardisation organisations recognized a need for a general standard as a guideline for modelling software architectures. Even though the ANSI/IEEE Standard 1471 provides a widely applicable reference model for that purpose, it merely identifies a need of a rationale for the architectural concepts selected, but does not include any further principles. We present one possible extension of the standard which integrates the concepts of architectural style, and identifies rationale on the model, view and viewpoint levels.


Children are often neglected in fulfilling their rights in the family, especially if their parents die or divorce. In the Marriage Law and the Child Protection Act, arrangements have been made to fulfill children's rights if the child is abandoned by their parents or abandoned or if the parents are divorced through a court decision. However, parents, especially fathers or those who act as guardians for children, are often negligent and irresponsible in fulfilling their obligations even though there is a judge's decision in court. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal ratio for the establishment of an execution institution and supervisor for the fulfillment of children's rights in family law. The research method used is the normative legal research method. The excitement in this study is the establishment of an execution and supervisory institution in fulfilling children's rights. This institution is very necessary to provide protection, welfare, and justice for the fulfillment of children's rights in family law, especially protection for children due to divorce


The equipments of the combat system need many types of data,and the traditional tight coupling data access are not efficienct enough.A new data access mechanism based on communication middleware is proposed.The architecture of the mechanism is designed.Fast and non-connected data access is achieved by using subscribe/publish schema.A set of conversion rules is adopted to generate SQL statements to achieve the loosely coupling data access.The access flow of the mechanism is expatiated.The mechanism is implemented and certificated in a combat simulation environment.


Complex hybrid systems can have several sources of uncertainty. Uncontrollable events that change the state of the system and can be triggered unpredictably or adversarially are typically modelled as nondeterministic whereas events to which we can attribute some likelihood, either because of their fundamental nature or because of simplifying assumptions, are typically modelled as stochastic. Although logic and theorem proving have been successfully used to reason about the possibility of events in nondeterministic hybrid systems and to reason about the probability of events in fully stochastic hybrid systems, the interactions between both kinds of uncertainty generate non trivial dynamics and these approaches cannot be easily merged. Herein, we introduce Nondeterministic Stochastic Differential Dynamic Logic (NSdL), a logical framework over nondeterministic stochastic hybrid systems that allows for reasoning about the possible probabilities of events. We introduce a model for Nondeterministic Stochastic Hybrid Systems and prove that the semantics for such models are measurable. We present compositional proof rules for a large fragment of the logic and prove their soundness. We exemplify the calculus with a version of an aircraft controller model that had previously been stripped of probabilism.


Lymphedema is a serious complication post-mastectomy and remains to be a great source of morbidity for breast cancer survivors with axillary lymph node dissection. Prevention of lymphedema after mastectomy is important for long-term survival and improvement the QOL. Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-discharge educational interventions on womens' knowledge and self-care practices related to prevention of arm lymphedema after mastectomy. Subjects: The sample consisted of 80 females undergoing mastectomy along the period of 6 months. Tool: six main tools were used for data collection, Tool I: Interview questionnaire sheet, Tool II: Performance observational checklist of exercises, Tool III: Self-reported instructions for arm lymphedema prevention, Tool IV: Arm measuring tool, Tool V: Upper Extremity Functional Index and Tool VI: lymphedema tracking tool. Results: All of study sample was females; nearly half of them were in age group (40<50), most of patients in both groups had poor knowledge related to lymphedema prevention pre intervention and most of study group had good knowledge post intervention while most of control group had poor knowledge pre and still poor after surgery. Most of control group had lymphedema post-surgery. Conclusions: It was concluded that, pre-discharge educational interventions improved knowledge and selfcare practices regarding arm lymphedema prevention post mastectomy and minimizing arm morbidity during the follow up period for women of the study group. Recommendation: It is recommended that, conducting a comprehensive health education program for women following breast cancer surgery to ensure adherence to selfcare & prevention of lymphedema and availability of instructional guides for all mastectomy patients.