This paper proves that for every class C of stochastic languages defined with the coemission product of finitely many probabilistic, deterministic finite-state acceptors (PDFA) and for every data sequence D of finitely many strings drawn i.i.d. from some stochastic language, the Maximum Likelihood Estimate of D with respect to C can be found efficiently by locally optimizing the parameter values. We show that a consequence of the co-emission product is that each PDFA behaves like an independent factor in a joint distribution. Thus, the likelihood function decomposes in a natural way. We also show that the negative log likelihood function is convex. These results are motivated by the study of Strictly k-Piecewise (SPk) Stochastic Languages, which form a class of stochastic languages which is both linguistically motivated and naturally understood in terms of the coemission product of certain PDFAs.


In order to investigate the effects of drought at flowering stage on photosynthetic traits and yield in rapeseed,three rapeseed varieties(Brassica juncea L.cv Nianhe 1,Brasscia rapa L.cv Qingyou 17,Brasscia napus L.cv Zangyou 5)were used as the plant materials,and pot water control tests with three persistent drought treatments(1w,2w,3wof drought and then resume normal water management until they were ripe for harvest)were applied to analyze the changes of photosynthesis and yield of the rapeseed varieties.The results indicated that:the drought treatment time differently reduced the yield among the three treatments;based on the yield,sensitivity to drought in different types of rapeseed varieties ranked in the order of Brasscia napus L.cv Zangyou 5,Brasscia rapaL.cv Qingyou 17,Brassica juncea L.cv Nianhe 1;photosynthetic rate(Pn)was decreased and stomatal limitation index(Ls)was increased by the drought stress.Among the varieties of treatments,there was a positive correlation among the water use efficiency(WUE),Pnand Ls.To reply the damage of photosynthetic apparatus from the drought stress,actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light(PSⅡ),the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR),the photochemical quenching co-efficient(qP)declined to some extent.However,Fohas an increasing trend;the research on the effects of persistent drought time on yield can provide a basis for estimating the influence of continuous drought on rapeseed production.


Based on the theory of paradox cognition, a relationship model among paradox cognition, industrial green production, and enterprise performance has been constructed, which mainly focuses on a study on whether the paradox cognition can have positive influences on the green production behavior of industrial enterprises, and then further promote the improvement of enterprises' economic benefits. The author wrote this thesis on the basis of results obtained from 305 sample surveys and verified the direct and indirect influence relationships among variables in the model with structural equation path coefficient and mediation effect. The empirical results show that: firstly, paradox cognition has a positive and significant impact on the industrial green production behavior. The higher the level of paradox cognition, the more likely the enterprises are to implement the industrial green production behavior. Secondly, paradox cognition can improve the potential performance of enterprises by affecting "green product provision", "green production management", and "green production technology", and then indirectly improve the financial performance of enterprises.


This paper derives, and then implements, a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the equivalent circuit model parameters of a photodetector. Specifically, we consider a frequency domain identification procedure whereby the observed data take the form of a complex frequency response function, here the reflection coefficient, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Both linear least-squares and maximum likelihood methods are compared in their respective performance. Results are presented for various bias voltages and dc photocurrent.


1. Photolabeling Reagent Design.- 2. Nucleophilic Aromatic Photo Substitutions on Nitrophenyl Ethers. A New Photoaffinity Labelling Technique.- 3. Photochemistry of Aryl and Aroyl Azides: Application to Photo-labeling of Biological Systems.- 4. Membrane Protein Labelling with Photoreactive Phospholipid Analogues.- 5. 125J-ASA-PE, A Photoactivable, Radioactive Phospholipid-Analogue, Designed for Photolabeling Proteins in Contact with Phospholipid Head Groups. Selective Photolabeling of Subunits ? in Thermophilic ATPsynthase TF0.F1.- 6. Photoaffinity Labelling of Receptors of Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone.- 7. Topographical Analysis of the Torpedo Marmorata Acetylcholine Receptor by Energy Transfer Photoaffinity Labeling Using Aryldiazonium Derivatives.- 8. Photosuicide Labelling.- 9. Antibiotic Photoaffinity Labeling Probes of Escherichiacoli Ribosomal Structure and Function.- 10. Dissection of the Ribosomal Peptidyl Transferase Center by Photoaffinity Labeling: P- and A-sites are Located at Different Positions in Domain V of 23 S RNA:.- 11. Studying the Cytoskeleton by Label Transfer Crosslinking: Uses and Limitations.- 12. RecA-Directed Hybridization of Psoralen-Monoadducted DNA Oligonucleotides to Duplex Targets.- 13. The Use of Psoralen-Photocrosslinking for the Analysis of the Chromatin Structure during Transcription.- 14. Metal Complexes as Photochemical Probes of DNA Structure.- 15. Laser-Induced Strand Break Formation of Polyuridylic Acid in the Presence and Absence of Tris (2,2?-Bipyridyl) Ruthenium Chloride and K2S2O8.- 16. Photonucleases.- 17. Sequence-Targeted Photochemical Reactions in Single-Stranded and Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids by Oligonucleotide-Photosensitizer Conjugates.- 18. Photofootprinting Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions.- 19. Studies of the Binding and Biological Actions of Ethidium.- 20. Quantitative Photoaffinity Labeling of Escherichiacoli RNA Polymerase Transcription Complexes by Nascent RNA.- 21. "Caged" Compounds to Probe the Dynamics of Cellular Processes: Synthesis and Properties of some Novel Photosensitive P-2-Nitrobenzyl Esters of Nucleotides.- General Comments on the Use of Photochemical Probes in Biochemistry. Advantages, Problems and Pitfalls.- List of Participants.- Author Index.- Keyword Index.


The concept of 'one-stop clinics' is to minimize the time from review in a specialized tertiary referral clinic to decisions regarding definite treatment. The benefit to the patient is on multiple levels, including the ability to access same-day investigations and the accumulation of information for definitive treatment decisions. In addition, patients' anxiety and concerns while awaiting investigations is reduced. It is clear with cancer care that the rapid time from referral to commencement of treatment leads to better outcomes for patients. In the UK, NHS England is implementing the Faster Diagnosis Standard. Patients will need to be seen urgently (within 2 weeks), and diagnosis of their cancer or otherwise should be made within no more than 28 days. Current targets for treatment are no more than 2 months' (62 days) wait between the date the hospital receives an urgent referral for suspected cancer and the start of treatment. In this issue, Linkhorn et al. report the development of a Neck Lump Clinic in North Shore Hospital New Zealand public hospital and assess the feasibility. This clinic was staffed by a head and neck surgical consultant, radiologist and pathologist with the aim that a patient is assessed by the surgeon, and an ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration are performed in the first patient encounter. This was compared with a historical cohort from the previous 12 months. The manuscript reports on the reduction in the median number of clinic visits, number of investigations performed, time from initial assessment to treatment decision, time from initial assessment to surgery after the commencement of the Neck Lump Clinic and median cost per patient. The case-mix of pathologies was similar in the two groups and was largely benign in nature (salivary gland and thyroid). Some of the results are intuitive with a multidisciplinary consultant-attended clinic, with clear benefits in definitive treatment decision-making and a reduction of the number of visits. However, as the clinics were run every 4–6 weeks, most patients with a high suspicion of cancer were not seen in this clinic, and the benefit of running neck lump clinics for largely benign pathologies is questionable. Although the concept is sound, the reality in running these types of clinics is difficult when staffed with consultant surgeons, radiologists and pathologists. A significant number of patients require additional imaging modalities over and above an ultrasound, and not all patients require a fine-needle aspiration as the best method of obtaining tissue for diagnostic purposes. This could potentially lead to the inefficient use of the radiologist's and pathologist's time. With multidisciplinary team meetings as the standard of care for complex cancer cases, decision-making cannot always be finalized at an initial consultation. 'One-stop clinics' are one part of the solution to the challenge of assessing patients quickly to make meaningful positive patient outcomes. Head and neck tumours are uncommon, and their cancers much rarer when compared with breast and bowel cancers. Patient education of symptoms and signs that are red flags and should prompt early review needs to be addressed. Prompt availability and access to initial primary care review and subsequent referral are especially challenging in regional centres. Financial reasons (time of work, unemployment) and other responsibilities (caring for dependants, etc.) are other reasons for delay along the treatment pathway.


In communication system the operation of the transmitter power is limited to some range and if the input signal with an amplitude more than the transmitter power amplifier linear range results in signal distortion. Since now the demand for multimedia data services has grown up rapidly one of the most promising method is considered as the OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing).Since the subcarriers, high data rate, ubiquitous coverage with high mobility and many such features not only enhances the usability of the system but has given a major disadvantage too. Peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) has highly affected the OFDM system. The high the PAPR in the signal it will occasionally drive high power amplifiers (HPAs) to operate in the nonlinear region of their characteristic curve. Here the nonlinearity can cause loss of orthogonality amongst the carrier causing inter carrier interference (ICI) in signal. In-band and Out-band radiations are also outcomes of the PAPR. In this paper we will implement techniques to low the PAPR.


A linear consensus algorithm based on communication links of first-order low-pass characteristic function and a nonlinear consensus algorithm based on weighted links were proposed.In the case of topology of swarm being connected graph,the above two algorithms were proven to be able to globally asymptotically steer the states of all agents involved in the swarm to agree in a distributed fashion.When the swarm consisted of large number of agents,these two algorithms had great advantage of computation due to the distributed essential of the algorithms that reduce the complexity of connections among the agents in the system.Simulation results were provided for agreement in swarms to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed distributed algorithms.


Abstract : The bounded rationality constraint sets an upper limit on the rate with which decisionmakers can process information satisfactorily. This constraint becomes a critical parameter in the design of organizations carrying out command and control functions. Used as a design constraint, it incorporates the notion of avoiding degradation of performance due to excessive workload. An experimental paradigm was developed, a simple computer game for a single decisionmaker, in which subjects were given a limited amount of time to perform a task. Both the amount of time and the task were varied. An information theoretic model of the cognitive workload was used to estimate the workload associated with the tasks. The experimentally determined time Threshold at which performance degraded rapidly and the computed cognitive workload led to a value for the bounded rationality constraint for each subject and each task. The distribution of the bounded rationality constraint across subjects for each task was found to be normal. Also, the bounded rationality constraint of each subject as the task changed did not vary significantly. The results of the experimental and analytical investigation may be used in the design of multi-person experiments and in organization design. Keywords: Command control and communications.


To construct an eukaryotic expression vector for Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck protein 2(EtRON2) gene and study the expresstion of EtRON2 gene in transfected 293T cells,a part of EtRON2 gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA of Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst and cloned into PGEM-Teasy vector to construct a vector named pGEM-Teasy-EtRON2.The pGEM-Teasy-EtRON2 and the pCAGGS vector were digested by the same restriction enzymes and the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pCAGGS-EtRON2 was subsequently constructed.The recombinant plasmid pCAGGS-EtRON2 was identified and transfected into 293T cells.The expression of EtRON2 protein was verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot.Restriction enzyme digestion obtained correct length of EtRON2 gene of about 1172 bp.Sequence analysis confirmed EtRON2 gene sequence that was exactly the same as that deposited in GenBank.The results of Western blot showed that the molecular weight of expressed protein was around 43 kDa in accordance with the target protein.Red fluorescence was observed in indirect immunofluorescence assay.Taken together,the eukaryotic expression vector of pCAGGS-EtRON2 was constructed and expressed in 293T cells,which would establish the foundation for the future research on its biological functions.


Characterizing and quantifying noise sources in birefringence imaging with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is necessary for the development of efficient noise reduction techniques for real-time clinical PS-OCT imaging. We propose three noise regimes based on the strength of specimen backscattering and dominated by different noise sources. We introduce a model that predicts noise effects in two regimes. The model includes source/detector intensity noise, and couples speckle effects with the longitudinal delays due to instrument and specimen birefringence to create realistic noise on simulated orthogonal interference fringe amplitudes and on their relative phases. Experimental examples of the three regimes are presented and in two of them, qualitative agreement between the model and experimental data is demonstrated.


People in today's world are busy and occupied all of the time. Individuals often overlook minor illnesses in our bodies as a result of our fast-paced lives. Skin disease is one of them. It is the most widespread disease on the planet. People generally consider dermatology problems as ephemeral, though that's not always the case. If the skin disease is not appropriately recognized, it might cause serious complications. The project's current models use segmentation techniques such as edge detection; however, our study seeks to diagnose skin disorders with high accuracy rates utilizing Deep learning. Our goal is to use CNN (convolutional neural networks) and transfer learning from the Inception model to identify and categorize skin disorders. This research seeks to inform victims of the potential repercussions and assist doctors in making an initial diagnosis. This is being implemented in both a web application and an Android application.


Introduction: Lisfranc joint injuries occur due to direct or indirect trauma, where a twisting or axial force is transmitted to the foot. Cadaveric models are a useful way to evaluate injury patterns and models of fixation, but a frequent limitation is the amount of joint displacement after injury. Our hypothesis was that applying pronation and supination motion combined with ankle plantar flexion to a cadaveric model would produce reliable and measurable joint displacements. Methods: Twenty-four fresh frozen lower leg cadaveric specimens were utilized. The medial (C1) and intermediate (C2) cuneiforms and the first (M1) and second (M2) metatarsal bones were marked. A complete ligament injury was performed between C1-C2 and C1-M2 in 12 specimens (Group 1) and between C1-C2, C1-M2, C1-M1 and C2-M2 in 12 matched specimens (Group 2). Internal and external rotation was applied to the tibia with the ankle in 30 degrees of flexion, achieving pronation and supination motions, respectively, of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot. A 3D Digitizer was used to measure distances. Results: Distance C1- C2 increased 3 mm after ligament injury (23% increase) with supination motion. C1-M2 increased 4 mm after ligament injury (21% increase) with pronation motion. Distances between C1-M1 and C2-M2 only changed in Group 2, increasing 3 mm (14%) and 2 mm (16%), respectively. Conclusion: Pronation and supination motions of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot produce measurable joint displacements in a cadaveric Lisfranc injury model. Distances M1-M2 and C2-M1 are not reliable for the detection of injury in this model. The inclusion of axial rotation in Lisfranc injury models may allow better test repair or reconstruction techniques.


Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of ceramide signaling pathway in gastrin-inhibited cell apoptosis of large intestinal cancer.Methods Gastrin group and proglumide group were divided into five different densities with concentration gradient of gastrin and proglumide being 6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00 mg/L and 8.00,16.00,32.00,64.00,128.00 mg/L,respectively.The changes of proliferation of the HT-29 cells were detected by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay,and the optimal concentrations of gastrin and proglumide were determined.The changes of apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells were detected by using flow cytometry.The mRNA expression levels of gastrin receptor/cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR),ceramide,p38,B lymphocytes/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) and bcl-2 associated X protein (bax) were detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein expression levels of bcl-2,bax and ceramide,and p38 phosphorylation levels were detected by using Western blotting.Results Gastrin could promote the proliferation of HT-29 cells,and the optimal concentration was 25 mg/L (F =31.36,P < 0.05).Proglumide could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells stimulated by gastrin,and the optimal concentration was 32 mg/L (F =24.31,P < 0.05).The apoptosis rate of the gastrin group was significantly lower than in the control group and the gastrin + proglumid group (q =4.23,4.06,P <0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of bax and the levels of phosphorylated ceramide protein and phosphorylated p38 protein in the gastrin group were significantly lower than in the control group,the proglumid group,and the gastrin + proglumid group (q =5.50,6.00,7.50; 6.50,7.00,8.50; 8.00,8.50,10.00; 4.60,4.90,6.53,P<0.05).On the contrary,the mRNA and protein expression of bcl-2 in the gastrin group was significantly higher than in the control group,the proglumid group,and the gastrin + proglumid group (q =4.95,4.24,7.07; 7.07,6.36,7.78,P < 0.05).Conclusion Gastrin could inhibit the apoptosis of HT-29 cells by down-regulate the phosphorylation levels of ceramide and p38 protein,thus up-regulate bcl-2 and down-regulate bax through the ceramide signaling transduction pathway,while the effect can be restrained by gastrin receptor antagonist proglumide.

Key words:
Colorectal cancer;  Gastrin ;  Ceramide ;  p38 ;  B lymphocytes/leukemia-2 ; Bcl-2 associated X protein


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of constructing tissue engineering cardiac patch with photooxidationfixed acellular bovine pericardium.Methods Fresh bovine pericardia were treated by dye-mediated photooxidation after decellularization.Some of them were seeded with bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) isolated from male SD rats to construct cardiac patches.Myocardial infarction(MI) model was made in female SD rats by left anterior descending coronary ligation(LAD).One week later, the confirmed MI rats were divided into three groups randomly, group MI (n = 15)without any treatment; group P (n = 18) with photooxidated pericardia implantation ; group P + C (n = 18) with seeded pericardia implantation.A sham group (n = 10) was also performed with opening and closing chest twice only.The heart were explanted at 2 or 4 weeks after implantation, and examined histologically and immunohistochemically.The heart function was evaluated by echocardiography at 4 weeks before excising the rats.Results There were no cells or cell debris remained in bovine pericardium tissue.The fiber structure became condensed after photooxidation.The seeded cells formed a continuous layer on the surface of the tissue.The pericardial degradation level and newly formed microvessel density were larger in group P + C than in group P after 2 [ (13.7 ±5.2)个/mm2 vs (7.1 ±3.1)个/mm2, P<0.05]and4 [(22.6 ±4.9)个/mrn2 vs (14.1 ±5.3)个/mm2, P<0.05]weeks.Four weeks after transplantation, cardiac echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was lower in group MI (44.8 ± 4.4) % and group P (48.4 ± 5.0) % compared with group P + C (49.3 ± 4.8) %, left ventricular fractional shorterning(LVFS) was lower in group MI (18.0 ± 2.2) % and group P (19.8 ± 2.5) % compared with group P + C (20.4 ±2.5) %, the difference between P + C and MI was significant.Conclusion Transplantation of the tissue engineered bovine pericardial patches with dye-mediated photooxidation can improve heart function in MI rats.This kind of patches demonstrates a promising prospect in the future.

Key words:
Myocardium; Tissue engineering; Myocardial infarction;  Bovine pericardium;  Dye-mediatedphotooxidation


FROM TIME TO TIME a bold hand and a sympathetic heart conspire to complete a play left unfinished by the author. The four dramatic fragments left by August Strindberg and issued posthumouslyl are not, except in one instance, of such shape and moment as to prompt extrapolation; but they are worth attention simply for the light they shed on the aging playwright. All of them date from the last ten years of Strindberg's life; two are substantial and especially revealing. Though I am chiefly concerned with presenting the first English translation of Toten-Insel, or The Isle of the Dead, perhaps the most personal and certainly the strangest of the fragments, something might be said a bout the others. The Dutchman, written in the summer of 1902 in a combination of prose and free verse, survives in two acts and part of a third (51 pages).2 The shipwrecked captain of the title, also, as it develops, a painter, finds himself in a seaport square quite like the city scene of the chamber play Storm. In an encounter with his mother he argues the responsibility for the failure of six previous marriages, and then embarks on a seventh with no less than Lilith, in spite of the attempted intervention of his devoted painter-apprentice Ukko. His mother suggests that expiation for past error comes through a faithful woman, but Ukko knows that the only expiation is through suffering. With Lilith's departure and the dissolution of this seventh union, the fragment ends. As early as 1888 Strindberg had identified the Inspector in that collection of stories The Life of the Skerries Men with the Flying Dutchman, and the curious fusion of this myth with that of Bluebeard appears fleetingly in the Fingal's Cave episode of A Dream Play, when Indra's daughter and the Poet catch a glimpse of what they believe to be his phantom ship.


According to Walmsley,1 it was Andreas Vesalius who suggested the picturesque term "mitral" to describe the left atrioventricular valve owing to its resemblance to a plan view of the bishop's mitre. Guarding the inlet to the left ventricle, the mitral valve prevents backflow to the left atrium during ventricular systole. In its open state, the valvar leaflets are like a funnel extending from the hinge line at the atrioventricular junction to the free margins. Tendinous cords attach the leaflets to two closely arranged groups of papillary muscles. The interchordal spaces serve as important pathways for blood flow. As emphasised by Perloff and Roberts,2 the mitral valve requires all its components, together with the adjacent atrial and ventricular musculature, in order to work properly. This review examines the component parts to provide the background for a better understanding of the mitral valve as seen in cross sectional anatomy and highlights pertinent features of its anomalies.

The valvar complex comprises the annulus, the leaflets, the tendinous cords, and the papillary muscles. Also important for its functioning is the left atrial musculature inserting to the leaflets and the myocardium to which the papillary muscles are inserted. The valve is obliquely located in the heart and has a close relation to the aortic valve (fig 1A). Unlike the tricuspid valve which is separated by muscle from its counterpart, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve is immediately adjacent to the aortic valve (fig 1B).

 Figure 1
(A) View of the base of the heart in anatomical orientation shows the spatial relations of the four cardiac valves. The left heart valves are close together whereas the right heart valves are separated by myocardium. Dotted line marks the limit of atrial myocardium around the mitral orifice. (B) This dissection of the heart viewed from the anterior aspect …


Abstract : The basic physical processes that occur during the active electron beam experiments in the ionosphere are examined using multi-dimensional particle simulations. A three-dimensional isolated-system, electrostatic model is used to establish the characteristic time scales associated with injection and to investigate the processes of spacecraft charging and the loss of coherence during beam propagation. Two-dimensional electromagnetic simulations indicate that the beam-plasma interaction leads to the formation of a current structure which acts like an antenna and emits whistler waves in a coherent manner. An ion emitter instrument which injects indium ions will be used during the Geotail and Cluster satellite missions to control the spacecraft potential to be near that of the ambient plasma. To understand the beam-plasma interaction that can occur due to the ejection of the ion beam into various regions of the Earth's magnetosphere, a linear theory study is presented to see whether particular combinations of ambient plasma parameters and ion beam emission modes exist, such that plasma instabilities may be excited.


his paper studies the optimal capital structure of firms in the presence of limited commitment and asymmetric information on the CEO's effort. Firms face endogenous borrowing constraints due to the presence of lack of commitment on debt repayment. Firms are also subject to imperfect information on the effort provided by the CEO. We analyze the optimal financing policy of the firm and find that the novel interaction of these two friction leads to important implications to financing dynamics. First, the even when the firms grow by accumulating capital, the borrowing constraints on debt still are present. Also, there is CEO turnover in equilibrium following periods of low productivity.


This study examined the feasibility of using an interactive computerized multimedia system as a tool for sexual and reproductive health education in Inppares Lima Peru. The program named "Isabel your information counselor" was designed to operate in Windows 95 on a compact disc of 600 megabytes. It includes 10 videos 11 animated short stories and 4 items of text only. To evaluate the multimedia tool 232 persons were surveyed on their opinions on the tool and level of satisfaction with it including acceptance and usefulness of the service and of the information provided preference for the program or the traditional face-to-face counseling and suggestions to improve the system. Results showed that 96% of users like it while 73% of users thought that the program was useful. In addition 57% of system users reported that "Isabel..." was easier to consult than a traditional provider or counselor because of the rapidity and timeliness of getting information from the program the simplicity and ease and the possibility of "not feeling ashamed". Suggestions for improving the multimedia service include improvement of the audio (40%) provision of more detailed information (38%) provision of more privacy (32%) increase number of topics (32%) and change in the location of the machine (15%). The study has demonstrated that the use of a multimedia as a tool to provide information has a high level of acceptance in the populations to which it was exposed specifically among males and females between 10 and 30 years of age.


The Shachtmanites who took over the Socialist Party in the late 1950s had a vision of a realigned Democratic Party that put trade unions at the center, supported the civil rights movement, and drove out the party's Dixiecrat flank. They said the Democratic Party was becoming a labor party in disguise. Meanwhile the leaders of Students for a Democratic Society called for a New Left, lumping together communists and anticommunist socialists as the Old Left. The left broke apart in the 1960s over the exotic turmoil of the antiwar, wave two feminist, Black Power, and Third World revolutionary movements. Two new Socialist organizations arose in response: the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee and the New American Movement. In 1982 they merged to form Democratic Socialists of America (DSA).


Abraham Lincoln considered the Civil War a test, not only of the proposition that "all men are created equal," but also of the moral authority of majority rule. Slave states seceded rather than accept the results of a fair election. Lincoln argued that rule by a deliberate, constitutionally-checked majority was "the only true sovereign of a free people." Popular government can survive only if those who lose elections refrain from armed resistance and instead trust to "time, discussion, and the ballot box" to settle disputes. The essay argues that Lincoln's defense of majority rule, though concise, is carefully considered and recognizes that majorities can act unjustly. Lincoln's commitment to majority rule is distinguishable from, though connected with, his faith in natural right, his opposition to slavery, and his nationalism. Lincoln's argument for majority rule is contrasted with John C. Calhoun's critique. Calhoun believed majority rule over a large territory would create entrenched, sectionally-concentrated majorities oppressively governing numerically weaker regions of the country. Lincoln denied that sectional majorities were inherently unjust. The essay notes the tragic dimension of Lincoln's defense of majority rule: his argument failed to persuade the South peacefully to return to the Union. The American Civil War settled the moral and constitutional question of slavery. But the legitimacy of majority rule, and how much it should be checked, remains contested, in the United States and elsewhere. Lincoln's argument invites us to explore the possibilities and limits of majority rule for resolving unusually deep social and political conflicts.


In conventional quantum nondemolition measurements, the interaction between signal and probe preserves the measured variable. Alternatively, it is possible to restore the original value of the variable by feedback. In this paper, we describe a quantum nondemolition measurement of a quadrature component of the light field using a feedback compensated beam splitter. The noise induced by the vacuum port of the beam splitter is compensated by a linear feedback resulting in an effective amplification of the observed variable. This amplification is then be reversed by optical parametric amplification to restore the original value of the field component.


The rate constants for association and dissociation, and the equilibrium constants, were determined for 125I-labelled anti-A and anti-B of both IgG and IgM molecular types. The following results and conclusions were obtained:

1. The equilibrium constants were within the range 06×108–13.0×108 l/mole, and were of the same order for both IgG and IgM antibodies.

2. The initial rate constants for association were in the range 2.1×105–4.8×105 l/mole/sec, and the energy of activation (Ea) 6700–9000 cal/mole. These results indicate that the rate of association is approaching the limit set by the rate of diffusion of the reactants.

3. The initial rate constants for dissociation were 1 × 10-4–5 × 10-4/sec and Ea = 20,000–36,000 cal/mole. These latter values suggest that more than one bond must be broken simultaneously during dissociation.

4. Ionic strength and pH changes have only a minor effect on the constants; this indicates absence of ionic groups on A and B antigen sites.

5. The changes in enthalpy were –5400 to –21,800 cal/mole; the reactions are mainly enthalpy driven and this accounts for the fact that anti-A and anti-B agglutination titres increase as the temperature is decresed.

6. There was heterogeneity of the values of the standard change in free energy, enthalpy and entropy within each example of antibody.

7. The approximate concentrations of antibody at the end-points of the agglutination titres were: for IgG antibody, 0.2 μg/ml; for IgM antibody, 0.01 μg/ml.


Soybeans were planted using a 38 inch row spacing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The experimental unit was an 8 row plot, 30 ft long. The middle 6 rows were treated and counts were made on the 2 middle treated rows. All materials were applied as foliar sprays using a knapsack sprayer, 50 psi, 3-X cone nozzle to give a total volume of 5.6 gal/acre. Insects were counted using the beat cloth method; 2, 1M beats/replicate. The majority of the earworms were considered large (≥ 0.5 inch long).


Satellite remote sensing is a regular provider of raster data used in many applications such as agricultural, weather and environmental monitoring, and natural resources management. Because of their large size and inadequate database support for image manipulation, file-based storage and management is the norm; typically in a distributed environment involving several file-servers. A variety of software packages are needed to locate and process this data; these lack data management tools, seldom provide adequate time-series data processing, and are not user friendly. This makes sharing, searching and manipulating time-series images tedious and error-prone. This paper proposes a framework for sharing time-series raster data on the Web. We present a metadata schema, identify the functional requirements and describe an architecture for Web-based discovery and processing of such data. This includes metadata search and query, image viewing, basic image analysis and automation of routine tasks such as creation of averages and comparisons with the mean for a given time period. It also facilitates management of the images by providing suitable tools, a metadatabase that extends existing standards to meet time-series needs, and separation of the static elements from the dynamic or temporal properties. We describe an implementation of the architecture at the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Regional Remote Sensing Unit (RRSU) using free and open source software (Postgres and PostGIS for spatial data, Java MapScript for the web map server, MapBuilder for the mapping client, and JSP and Java Advanced Imaging for the Web-based processing). Evaluation at the RRSU and elsewhere indicates that the system is usable with minimal assistance and saves data managers and end-users from 60% to 85% of their time compared to the tools they currently employ.


Ripley's Aquarium of Canada is accepting applications for the
position of Senior Aquarist. Within Ripley's Aquariums the Sr.
Aquarist role is very curatorial in nature with direct management
of staff and programs, as well as oversight of exhibits. We are
seeking a motivated, team oriented individual who will be
responsible for a variety of marine and freshwater aquarium life
support systems and their associated animals. Other duties will
include ordering animals, equipment and supplies, the collection of
animals from local and remote collecting sites, transport of
animals and the operation of animal transport trailers and
equipment. Preferred candidates will possess the following; *Degree
in Biology, Marine Biology, Aquaculture or related field *Minimum
of five years' experience as aquarist in a public aquarium *Valid
open water SCUBA certification *Valid CDL driver's license or the
ability to obtain one. *Valid passport. *Experience and good
working knowledge of water quality (chemistry). *Experience and
good working knowledge of life support systems to include filters
(sand and cartridge), pumps, ozone generators and fractionators.
*Knowledge of the taxonomy of marine and freshwater fishes and
invertebrates. *Experience with quarantine and holding protocols
for aquatic animals. *Experience with necropsy procedures and
techniques. *The ability to develop and present husbandry animal
research findings to professional meetings and workshops.
*Excellent observational, computer and written skills. *Ability to
lift and carry 50 lbs. and able to work in Aquarium back areas
which requires climbing and crawling under LSS plumbing and tanks.
*Must be able to work flexible hours including evenings, weekends,
holidays and travel for extended periods of time (one to four
weeks) with little notice. Non-Canadian hires will get a work visa
to work in Canada. This process will be the responsibility of
Ripley's Aquarium and not the applicant seeking employment. Any
non-Canadian applicants must have a degree in Biology or a related
field.


To deduce the rules of a card game, to anticipate the next move, to plan the best strategy, to be attentive to any change in the game situation that could in...


We obtain a well-behaved continuum limit of projected entangled pair states (PEPS) that provides an abstract class of quantum field states with natural symmetries. Making use of the recently introduced path integral representation of one-dimensional con- tinuous matrix product states (cMPS) for quantum fields, we demonstrate how symmetries of the physical field state are encoded within the dynamics of an auxiliary field system of one dimension less. In particular, the imposition of euclidean symmetries on the physical system requires that the auxiliary system involved in the class' definition must be Lorentz invariant. The physical field states automatically inherit entropy area laws from the PEPS class, and are fully described by the dissipative dynamics of the lower dimensional auxiliary field system.


The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of female directors on the underpricing of small and medium enterprise (SME) initial public offerings (IPOs) in an emerging country like India which is relatively a fruitful setting to investigate. The research in relatively underexplored area is undertaken using a sample of 403 SME IPOs issued between 2012 and 2018. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression (mean regression) and quantile regression (QR, median regression) has been used to examine the signaling role of female directors on listing day performance of Indian SME IPOs. The results unveil that presence of female directors on IPO board reduces the underpricing. However, the negative relationship lacks statistical association between the variables. Similar results have been obtained when proportion of female directors instead of female dummies is used to gauge the impact on underpricing. The study highlights the need to increase the proportion of women directors on board to break the 'glass ceiling' and capitalize their talent for improving IPO performance. The extant research investigating the impact of female directors has largely been concentrated on larger companies in developed countries. Thus, the present research contributes to the literature by examining its influence in context of IPOs of smaller firms which needs effective signals to communicate true quality to investors thereby gaining societal legitimacy.


The adsorption of manganese onto Moringa oleifera seeds was optimized as a function of pH, adsorbent mass, particle size and contact time in aqueous solutions in batch tests. The results show that the optimized conditions for manganese adsorption were: pH 3.0, particle size ≤ 180 μm, adsorbent mass 1.0 g and contact time 15 min. Varying the pH allowed the separation of the manganese species, the seeds selectively retained Mn(II) while Mn(VII) remained free in solution. Around 60% of the Mn(II) was removed at an initial pH of 3.0 with a manganese concentration of 4 mg L-1. The adsorption process was evaluated through adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies. The maximum adsorption capacity for Mn(II) was 10.35 mg g-1. The isotherm followed the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.


The results of complex electromagnetic studies (MTZ and ZS) on the profile of p. Pihtovka – p. Polovinka (Kolyvan-Tomsk folder zone) re considered. On the basis of the obtained data and methods of genetic morphology and morphometry, weakened zones in earths crust of the northeastern part of the Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone are revealed.


Rhabdoid tumor of kidney is one of the uncommon pediatric renal neoplasms with highly aggressive clinical course. We are presenting a case of 1 year child with abdominal distension and hematuria. On Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) a heterogenous mass in lower pole of kidney was detected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study after radical nephrectomy revealed Malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney. It has a tendency to metastasize early and it is associated with synchronous
presence of other malignancies. No definite effective treatment for this tumor is available till now. This further necessitates the early diagnosis and prompt management which can be life saving for the patient.  We are presenting this case to emphasize on its rarity and aggressive clinical behaviour.

Keywords: Rhabdoid tumor, Kidney neoplasm.


A novel base-catalysed 1,3,4-oxadiazole fragmentation for the synthesis of nitriles at room temperature has been developed. This reaction is performed under transition-metal-free conditions, and provides a new ring cleavage reaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in organic synthesis.


Sir,

We thank Professor Dalmau for the stimulating thoughts on our work (Dalmau, 2016). We fully agree that—already before our study—the fundamental experimental data acquired by his and further groups using human immunoglobulins from patients with N -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis provided solid evidence that the clinical symptoms relate to dysfunction of NMDA receptors caused by the antibodies contained in human samples (Dalmau, 2008; Hughes et al. , 2010; Pruss et al. , 2010; Moscato et al. , 2014; Planaguma et al. , 2015, 2016). Effects in primary neuronal cell cultures mimicked the phenotype in laboratory animals and were thus designated as surrogate markers of the pathophysiology. Therefore, in this first paper using monoclonal human NMDAR autoantibodies, we …


Preface. Preface to the 1st Edition. Acknolwledgments. 1. Basic Genetics. 2. Molecular Biology. 3. Single-gene Disorders. 4. Chromosomal Aberrations. 5. Single Genes in Populations. 6. Familial Disorders Not Due to a Single Gene. 7. Is it Inherited?. 8. Immunogenetics. 9. Pharmacogenetics. 10. Hosts, Parasites, and Pathogens. 11. Single Genes in Animal Breeding. 12. Relationship and Inbreeding. 13. Quantitative Variation. 14. Selection Between Populations. 15. Selection Within Populations. 16. Breed Structure. 17. Crossing. 18. Selection and Regular Crossing. 19. Biotechnology and the Future. 20. Conservation Genetics. 21. Genetic and Environmental Control of Inherited Disorders. Index.


Tracking by infants aged 8–28 weeks is shown to be supported by the displacement of an object relative to a background. When object and background move together tracking is disrupted. This disruption in tracking is shown to be due to the absence of relative displacement between object and background and not to movement of the background as such. The absence of relative displacement reduces the duration of pursuit but does not alter the frequency of target-capture.


one thread that connects them: several commercial publishing companies provide compensation to their editors. Should an author-financed publishing model emerge, it is unclear what its effect would be on such compensation. An additional question that can be raised is the effect of an open access system to our conferences. Are conference proceedings to be dealt with the same as journal publications? If so, then a US$1500–US$3000 fee may also apply to every paper that an author wishes to include in that conference proceedings. On the other hand, the content of such papers is often virtually identical or very similar to that of a paper the author submits to a journal. Currently, this is frowned upon by publishers who see the same "product" being offered to their "clients" with no clear differentiation. It is also questioned by some academic circles arguing that there should be no duplication of research results, thus raising a fundamental question about the very role a conference should play in the whole process of knowledge dissemination. Within the CSS community, the open access debate is ongoing and some confusion along the lines discussed above still persists, understandably so. The purpose of this "President's Message" is only to raise everyone's awareness with an attempt to identify the key issues involved. It seems inevitable that drastic changes in the scientific publishing process are forthcoming. It remains to be seen whether a new model uniformly applied across all scientific disciplines will emerge or whether different versions will appear and be subjected to the test of time. If some major change is inevitable, then the true challenge for us will be to handle the transient phase from the status quo to a new reality where the finances of publishing may be different and the peer-review system may not survive, at least not as we now know it.


We generate Raman solitons tunable within the spectral range of 2.0-2.6 μm from an ultralow pump pulse energy of 64 pJ. This is the lowest pump energy ever used to obtain wideband soliton shift.


Brown trout larvae, Salmo trutta L., were reared from hatching in solutions of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine, and the thyroid inhibitors, thiourea and thiouracil. Thyroxine treatment profoundly affected morphogenesis, while thiourea and thiouracil had little morphogenic effect. Thyroxine treatment caused abnormal growth of the head, and stimulated the rate of differentiation of the fins from the primitive fin fold, and the absorption of the external yolk sac. The epidermis and dermis were considerably thicker in thyroxine-treated larvae than in control fish, and silvering of the skin was induced. Thiourea and thiouracil produced few morphogenic effects, but such effects as were evident were usually similar with both drugs, and opposite to those caused by thyroxine treatment.


The cylinder shape of the rotary compressors is naturally quite different from that of the reciprocating compressors. However, if the Helmholtz in-flow resonance frequency of a resonator composed of the cylinder and the discharge port takes on a same value for both the reciprocating and rotary compressors, the reed valve will exhibit a similar vibration feature. First, forced vibration tests for a reed valve were made to examine the pressure pulsations in the discharge port. Secondly, free vibration tests for a reed valve were made. Conclusively, similar data were obtained both for the reciprocating and rotary compressors, thus ensuring a volwnetric similarity for vibrations of the reed valve in refrigerant compressors. INTRODUCTION It is frequently stated that the major sources of the noise in refrigerant compressors are the electromagnetic vibrations of the motor inducing motor noises, the elastic vibrations of the reed valve inducing valve noises, the pulsating flow of refrigerant gas inducing gas impulse noises, the slap motion of the piston inducing piston-slap noises, and the elastic vibrations of the crankshaft inducing crankshaft noises (Imaichi & Ishii et al. 1984/1/). The present study is concerned with vibrations of the reed valve. From a basic standpoint that the self-excitation mechanism of reed valves in refrigerant compressors used for air conditioners or refrigerators should be clearly addressed, forced vibration tests for a reed valve exposed to an air jet from a reciprocating-type resonator model, shown in Figure 1, were conducted by Ishii et al. (1993 /2/): the resonator model is composed of the valve plate, the cylinder and the piston; the reed valve is replaced by a column which was forced to vibrate by a magnetic exciter, in the frequency range from 50 to 500 Hz; the air pressure pulsations in the resonator were measured to reveal its frequency characteristics and spatial distribution, in amplitude and in phase-lag relative to the valve vibration; the similar measurements were performed for various cylinder volumes. As a result, it was revealed that the air pressure pulsations in the resonator are quite subject to the volumetric air vibrations and are significantly determined by the frequency ratio of reed valve vibration to Helmholtz resonance, thus resulting in a dynamic stability


Entrepreneurship as a discipline has been growing rapidly. It is now highly visible and an accepted research topic in many business schools across the world. Despite the surge in this academic activity, no generally accepted theory of entrepreneurship has emerged (Bull & Willard, 1993). Several authors with diverse backgrounds have published about entrepreneurship in over 30 different academic journals (Low & MacMillan, 1988). Due to this accumulation of data, the area is ready to develop a strong theoretical construct (Hornaday & Churchill, 1987). There is skepticism however, that the field lacks a rigorous conceptual framework (Shane & Venkatraman, 2000). This lack of a suitable framework obstructs the growth of the field and reduces the understanding of any interactive processes with other disciplines.


XIX cation and aluminum release from mineral / glass weathering which is thus the dominant long-term acid buffering process at both study sites. After an 18 months field experiment close to Masaya and Poás Volcanoes no measurable in situ BAS formation could be detected on surfaces of glass particles. Contrastingly, BAS contributed with 11% and 19% to the total sulfur retention by synthetic allophane exposed in soils close to Masaya and Poás Volcanoes, respectively. The presence of BAS in allophane samples exposed at Poás showed that large organic matter contents and perhumid climatic conditions do not impede BAS formation. Laboratory pHstat experiments showed that decreasing pH, increasing sulfate load and increasing time tend to increase the relevance of BAS for S retention by allophane but the effects were small and adsorption processes dominated with 86% to 98% the total sulfate retention. The observed slow increase in sulfate adsorption within 6 months could be attributed to an increased availability of existing adsorption sites due to silica depolymerization and desorption and to the formation of new adsorption sites due to an increase in defect sites of the allophane spherules. Although BAS precipitation increases the S retention capacity of SO2-impacted allophane containing Andosols, no measurable effect on the S extractability could be identified in laboratory experiments. Whether in situ formed BAS decrease the sulfate extractability deserves further investigation. Additionally, the elucidation of the process underlying BAS precipitation, i.e. surface precipitation or solution supersaturation in void spaces, would help to predict the effects of further parameters – as e.g. the concentrations of fluoride, DOC or phosphate or the allophane aggregation degree – on BAS formation.


ABSTRACT Starting from a theoretical model of the generation of value in a knowledge-based economy, we explore the local management of immaterial resources in a post-industrial economy. To address this question, we analyse the management of immaterial commons in four representative locations of the artisanal fishing space of southern Chile, specifically the production of two marine species: sea urchins and the local mussel known as chorito. In this analysis, we observe two patterns through which global and/or local elites co-opt the symbolic value generated by local communities. In both cases, commercial intermediation operates as the basic conditioner of the whole process. On the one hand, the industrial and commercial links of the sea urchin production value chain generate a symbolic value through reference to the association established by global consumers with the landscape of Patagonia. On the other, in the case of choritos there is a symbolic substitution which implies the transformation or annulment of the local nature of immaterial resources in the minds of the same consumers. Both dynamics constitute an obliteration of the differentiation of the product, leading to a common result: over-exploitation of the natural resource and degradation of the environment.


comparing associations between early literacy related activities and developmental outcome among ethnically diverse groups of children are scarce. The aims of this study were to: (a) document the differences in Turkish immigrant (n = 79) and German (n = 88) preschool children's home literacy environment (HLE), cognitive, and speaking proficiency test scores, (b) identify predictors of HLE and developmental status, and (c) disentangle effects of education and ethnicity on children's HLE and developmental status. Turkish immigrant children, on average, had lower HLE, cognitive, and speaking proficiency test scores when compared to their German peers. After controlling for parent education, HLE predicted children's test scores in both groups. Similarities in predictive patterns emphasize positive effects of a stimulating HLE for young children's development, irrespective of the cultural specificity of dyadic bookreading. Our findings suggest that increased efforts should be made to develop culturally sensitive intervention strategies to facilitate access to print materials for children and to promote both mothers' and fathers' bookreading.


Even in its own tenns, the Intennediate Nuclear Force (lNF) Treaty signed by President Ronald Reagan and Soviet party boss Mikhail Gorbachov on Dec. 8 is a fraud, giving the Russians a unilateral "double zero" at the West's expense. As EJR has stressed, the treaty ignores the Soviet Union's actual Order of Battle, which compensates for the withdrawal of nuclear missiles from Europe with irregular warfare and emerging "radio frequency weapon" capabilities. But even when it comes to counting missiles, the treaty is fatally flawed. Every senator should consider the following facts and fig ures, documenting that, while the U.S. missile forces are to be eliminated, Moscow will retain a large number of missiles, supposedly banned by the treaty. The United States accepted the Soviet figure of 405 SS20 launchers and 45 SS-12 launchers to be scrapped under the treaty. The U. S. also accepted Moscow's declaration that there exists for each launcher, SS-20, SS-22, and SS-23, only two missiles, one for ready launching, and one instant reload. In doing so, the Reagan administration threw out the window its own rock-bottom 1987 estimates of Soviet me dium-range missile strength (the SS-20 and its predecessor, the SS-4), and NATO and neutral European estimates con-


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of selective hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of rebleeding after hepatic rupture. Method: 30 cases with traumatic rupture of the liver were treated in our hospital from Feb. 2008 to Mar. 2013,among them 28 cases were treated with repair of rupture of liver,6 cases appeared rebleeding after operation,they were all treated with selective hepatic artery embolization for the treatment,clinical effects were observed. Result: 6 patients treated with selective hepatic artery embolization were successful,observation of arterial embolism angiography after operation showed no extravasation of contrast agent,retention and aggregation. 24 hours postoperative abdominal drainage bloody fluid average was( 450 ± 150) mL,48 hours peritoneal drainage bloody fluid average was( 50 ± 15) mL,in the72 hours internal drainage of abdominal cavity was clean. The zymogram detection showed increased 3 days after operation,postoperative 7-12 days zymogram was normal. 6 patients hospitalized for 14- 23d,they were all cured and discharged,and there were no deaths. Conclusion: The effect of selective hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of rebleeding after hepatic rupture is ideal,it has a high safety,and it is worthy of popularization and application.


The article considers the possibilities of the public-private partnership (PPP) in solving social-economic problems of African countries. The authors analyze the features and perspectives of the PPP mechanism in Africa for solving urgent social problems primarily in the sphere of public services. PPP means state-business cooperation in the spheres that are important for the population's living standards and has large potential for the social development. Some African counties has already recognized the high efficiency of PPP and use this method for solving such problems as lack of social infrastructure and social development, low quality of the public utilities and poverty. The authors argue that the main sphere of implementing the PPP projects in Africa is the sector of information and telecommunication (IT). The majority of PPP infrastructure projects are implemented in the power economy (especially in Morocco and Egypt). Today, the African governments expand the PPP projects to the power networks development and construction, and to the renewable energy sources exploitation. The article provides some recent examples of the PPP projects in different spheres such as the development of social infrastructure in Africa, including education, public health and maintenance of public order. Due to the global trend of the infrastructure services digitalization and extension of information accessibility, African states take steps for the creation of electronic information portals for the PPP-projects (for example, in Nigeria and Ghana - with the World Bank assistance). Moreover, there are all-regional programs introduced to support initiative projects with the electronic platforms.


In recent years, the quality of students in professional education has been falling; and the number of less-qualified students has been raising yearly. Taking the analysis of the features and the reasons that cause the appearing of less-qualified students in maths as the point of departure, the author puts forward some specific measures on how to change the less-qualified students in maths into reverse.


Identity theft is described as unlawful acquisitions of personal data that belongs to other individuals. It provides ammunition for further action such as credit cards forgery or impersonated bank accounts that are used as a platform for further crimes. Though identity theft incidents increase from time to time, they hardly end up in prosecution. This situation has been largely credited to the absence of the specific law on identity theft. Against this background, the enactment of Personal Data Protection Act 2010 triggers huge interests. The law, which seeks to regulate the processing, storing and use of personal data of individuals in commercial activities, is now expected to fill the gap on identity theft issues. This paper analyzes to what extent this hope can be realised, by assessing the relevant provisions in the Act.


The steering system represents one of the most important systems of active safety in vehicles. The process of a steering system failure usually starts with the failure of its protective element (cuff). Numerous factors influence a cuff's lifespan, but the research subject of this paper is the impact of ambient temperature. The goal of this research is the experimental verification of the finding that vehicles used in northern areas require more frequent interventions in their steering systems than vehicles used in the south. A simulator performing a motion similar to the work of a cuff during a vehicle's motion was made for the purpose of the research. A refrigerating chamber where cuffs were tested at temperatures from −4 °C to −20 °C was also made. A numerical analysis, with the ANSYS software environment, was also carried out. The numerical analysis shows that the failure of a cuff could be expected at almost the same point at which it was experimentally proven. Therefore, the failure, namely the breaking of a cuff, is not only a consequence of the material's fatigue due to a big number of oscillations, but it also depends upon the impact of ambient temperature where the vehicle is used.


A theoretical model of nonscience majors' motivation to learn science was tested by surveying 369 students in a large-enrollment college science course that satisfies a core curriculum requirement. Based on a social-cognitive framework, motivation to learn science was conceptualized as having both cognitive and affective influences that foster science achievement. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the variables. The students' motivation, as measured by the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), had a strong direct influence on their achievement, as measured by their science grade point average. The students' motivation was influenced by their belief in the relevance of science to their careers. This belief was slightly stronger in women than men. Essays by the students and interviews with them provided insight into their motivation. The model suggests that instructors should strategically connect science concepts to the careers of nonscience majors through such means as case studies to increase motivation and achievement. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1088-1107, 2007 Keywords: biology; attitudes; cognitive science; achievement


Bearing in mind that taxation reduces disposable income, taxpayers' resistance to tax compliance is quite understandable. For this reason, the contemporary financial theory and practice pay special attention to the popularization of taxes, with special reference to the purpose of taxation. Taxes are acceptable to taxpayers insofar as they are used for funding public goods which are at the disposal of taxpayers as beneficiaries. Unlike other criminal offenses, where the detrimental effect may be directly visible, the immediate detrimental effect of tax offenses is not transparent. It generates a significant problem: there is a psychological effect that tax offences cause little or negligible social danger, which cannot be accepted as true. In effect, tax offenses entail very harmful and socially dangerous conduct because they threaten the fiscal interests of the state. Timely payment of taxes and other dues ensures continuity in financing public needs and provide for the proper functioning of the state. In case of tax evasion, or tax fraud as its most aggravated form, the state is deprived of the amount of revenue that would have been collected had all taxpayers abided by their tax liability. This paper focuses on the normative framework in the Republic of Serbia and the basic issues arising in practice, which are the result of the long-standing lenient penal policy of Serbian courts and numerous problems encountered in tax evasion proceedings (ranging from difficulties in conducting a financial investigation to the judges' professional competences and relevant knowledge to adjudicate cases in this field). In view of the harmful consequences for the fiscal system of the state, the question arises whether tax evasion and tax fraud have been relevantly criminalized in Serbian legislation. It seems that the latest amendments, which have increased the census (the amount of evaded tax) for the existence of this crime, will entail "moving away" from an adequate condemnation of such socially unacceptable conduct. This can only adversely affect the already low level of tax morale in Serbia.


Increasingly, feminist scholars examine how the stability of racial hierarchies is maintained through discourse. This article explores the importance of race discourse in the construction of white women's accounts explaining their race politics. Specifically, the author examines the connections between race discourse and politics as they emerged in interviews with white women involved in a local women's movement between 1972 and 1999. The interviews revealed five discursive strategies women used to talk about race and the movement's antiracist practices. In addition, one of the most important contributions of this study is the evidence it provides of the relationship between the discursive construction of an "invisible white self" and the broader structure of power relations.


In the ultrasonic method of continuous measurement, one can determine the speed of the moving point (in our case, red blood cells, because they are most in the blood) at any given time, but it can not determine the direction of the particulate, which is a disadvantage. In the pulse mode, which acts as a radar, a direction can be determined in contrast to the continuous, but any pathological flow that increases speed will lead to distortion of the spectrum, the quadrature demodulation method is universal to detect the amplitude, frequency characteristic, but it is difficult to implement


Lineage-defining transcription factors (LTFs) play key roles in tumor cell growth, making them highly attractive, but currently "undruggable", small cell lung cancer (SCLC) vulnerabilities. Delineating LTF genomic binding sites and associated chromatin features would provide important insights into SCLC dependencies. Here we map super-enhancers (SEs) across multiple patient-derived SCLC preclinical models, and find SE patterns are sufficient to classify the models into the recently defined, LTF-based, SCLC subtypes. 3D-chromatin conformation analysis identified genes associated with SEs that define subtype-specific tumor signatures with genes functioning in diverse processes. Focusing on ASCL1-high SCLC (SCLC-A), we found ASCL1 physically interacts with NKX2-1 and PROX1. These factors bind overlapping genomic regions, and co-regulate a set of genes, including genes encoding cell surface proteins, SCN3A and KCNB2 enriched in SCLC-A. Genetic depletion of NKX2-1 or PROX1 alone, or in combinations with ASCL1, did not inhibit SCLC growth more than that achieved by depleting ASCL1 alone. We demonstrate the SE signature supports the LTF classification of SCLC, identify NKX2-1 and PROX1 as ASCL1 co-factors, and substantiate the central importance of ASCL1 as a key dependency factor in the majority of SCLC. The LTF and SE gene sets provide a molecular roadmap for future ASCL1 therapeutic targeting studies.


Jan Rehmann reconstructs the different strands of ideology theories, ranging from Marx to Adorno/Horkheimer, from Gramsci to Stuart Hall, from Althusser to Foucault, from Bourdieu to W.F. Haug. He puts them into dialogue with each other and applies them to today's high-tech-capitalism.


SUMMARY We investigated the occurrence and status of the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis ruralis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in accessions of Erianthus spp. maintained as a part of the world germplasm collection at the Research Center of ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Kannur, Kerala State, India. The nature, pattern, extent and year-to-year variation in damage were examined and accessions categorized based on relative incidence. The larvae of C. ruralis caused characteristic injury by feeding on chlorophyll bearing tissues leading to the formation of white and transparent streaks on the leaf blade. The grown-up larvae folded the leaf longitudinally with the adaxial surface inside the fold and exposing the abaxial surface, the edges being held in place by bands of silk thread at regular intervals. The length of leaf folds varied from 2.6 to 27.0 cm with a mean of 9.1 cm, which roughly constituted 7.3% of the mean length of the leaf blade. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were not correlated with either the leaf fold length or the number of webs. However, the leaf fold length was positively correlated with the number of webs. Attack rates (infestation rate) on cane basis (up to 69.0%) were generally higher than the damage rates (intensity) on leaf basis (up to 50.0%); infestation index ranged between 0.0 and 13.7%. Correlations between infestation rate and intensity varied among the three study years. Non-parametric analysis indicated significant differences among the three years for percent of infested canes and infestation index but not percent of damaged leaves. All accessions showed C. ruralis incidence in at least one experimental year, indicating that none of the accessions tested was immune to its attack. When all 74 accessions were considered on the basis of infestation index, 85.1% were placed in low and moderate categories and only 14.9% in high incidence category. Within the accessions of Erianthus spp., leaf area was not related to infestation rate of cane or damage rate of leaves but positively related to infestation index. The dynamics of the leaf folder in the predominantly paddy ecosystem were discussed in the light of its first occurrence in Erianthus spp. accessions in India and the world.


The present article intends, first, to closely study the temporary laws published during Covid-19 pandemic about public contracts in that period, highlighting its differences compared to the permanent laws related to the same theme. Afterwards, it will be discussed if those innovations can be used as inspiration to the necessary modernization of the current arrangement.


Groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are defined by their reliance on subterranean water resources, but GDE food webs may also depend on it as an energy source. Mazumder et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004925), show a clear dependency of a local GDE food web on very old, potentially geological, carbon sourced from palaeo‐groundwater discharge in the arid Great Artesian Basin in Australia. These findings support the emerging paradigm that ancient groundwater carbon is an important component of inland water carbon cycling and contemporary ecosystem functioning. Future work is needed to determine what proportion of total GDE energy needs are derived from groundwater carbon across a range of geological and hydroclimatic settings.


Blood donors report better health‐related quality of life (HRQL) than non‐donors. Likewise, donors reporting good health are less likely to stop donating and have a higher donation frequency. This is evidence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This study is the first to investigate the impact of HRQL and depressive symptoms on subsequent donor career.


Relationships between car size, car weight, and severity of occupant crash injuries in car-to-car crashes are developed using a simple mathematical model to analyze real-world crash data. For vehicles using the same roads, these relationships suggest a crash-worthiness design concept for intervehicular crashes that regards increases in vehicle size as primarily protective, and increases in vehicle weight as primarily hostile, indicating the desirability of relatively sizeable but not heavy vehicles. (A)


Increasing of machines yield has been a permanent challenge for the new generation of machine designers and engineers for years. Recently they also have to consider the noise reduction requirements according to European directives and Global ISO norms. Modern machine, for example CNC Machining Center, consists of many systems and components that emit noise during their work. Ballscrew drive is one the most significant component emitting noise (Fig.1).


The main reducer housing takes over the shaft loads from gear engagement and transmits to other components, such as differential, semiaxle and driving wheels, so the main reducer housing with enough strength and stiffness is very important. Some factors preventing it from failure need to be taken into consideration when design it. To design a main reducer housing with better performance, in this paper, FEA (Finite Element Analysis) is used to analysis the main reducer housing and to find out some big stress regions. Then, some modifications are proposed to eliminate those big stress regions and obtain a reliable main reducer housing. During the analysis process, an annulus model is built and the reaction forces between the differential bearing seats and axle housing are calculated to determine whether they contact with each other. Finally, some design methods and improvements of the original design main reducer housing are proposed. And numerical comparison results of the stress distribution of the original and improved main reducer housing validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and modifications in this paper. Those stress analysis and modifications in this paper are time-saving and money-saving before mass production.


Approach to the description of the photoelectric converter built on the basis of nanosized semiconductor film was presented. The absorption coefficient of the incident quantum flux was presented as the sum of the vibration modes, determined by their own energies have been picked up from the Schrodinger equation, which describes the disordered atomic matrix.


The study has provided a protocol for rapid in vitro propagation by multiple shoot induction of Gardenia sinifera, an important medicinal plant belonging to Rubiaceae family. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from the nodal segments and immature fruit segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), IAA, IBA and 2, 4–D ( 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid). Internodal segments in combination with BAP (2mg/l) + NAA (0.25 mg/l) observed two shoots and in immature fruit segments maximum number of shoots (4 shoots per explant) was observed on the medium containing BAP (2 mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.5mg/l). Regenerated shoots were rooted on 1/2 MS supplemented with IAA (0.5) proved best rooting from nodal segments. The rooted in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized in growth chamber and successfully transferred to greenhouse with 80% survival rate. The regeneration protocol developed in this study provides a basis for germplasm conservation and for further investigation of medicinally active constituents of the elite medicinal plant.


Yan Fu had been as superintendend of Peiyang Naval Academy for twenty years since 1880. During this period,hundreds of Yan Fu's students graduated from the Academy and became the naval pillars of modern China. So we can say Yan Fu had made great contributions to the modernization of Chinese navy. From 1906 to 1912, Yan Fu successively worked as the presidents of Anhui Higher College. Fudan College and Peking University. In this period he attempted to reform the old educational system and managed teaching and admnistrating according to his own ideas,hence greatly contributed to the development of the above three universities and even modern chinese education.


The internet has transformed the way that industries such as music and travel operate. The NHS has also been developing a strong web presence as people are increasingly relying on the internet to research health issues.


This paper presents the results of an investigation into information structures in natural language science texts. A novel hypothesis was tested; namely, that the literature of a science subfield has characteristic restrictions on lanugage usage which can be used to develop information formats for text sentences in the subfield. The formats provide a standard representation of the specific types of information found in sentences of subfield articles, though a priori semantic categories are not used. The method of sublanguage grammars for obtaining information formats is described. Illustrations are drawn from a sublanguage grammar written for a subfield of pharmacology. Parts of the procedure are computerized or are being implemented.


The article considers theoretical and methodological reasons for maintaining the consistently low rate of inflation. Basing upon the results of empirical research, monetary policy in Russia is analyzed for 1992—2007. The author estimates the influence of monetary and non-monetary factors on inflation in the given period. The measures of anti-inflationary policy in the world are generalized and the policy prescriptions for Russia are introduced.


Stereotactic Radiosurgery require high accuracy and precision of patient positioning and target localization. We evaluate the real time positioning accuracy of isocenter using optic guided patient positioning system, ExacTrac (BrainLab, Germany), during spinal radiosurgery procedure. The system is based on real time detect multiple body markers attached on the selected patient skin landmarks. A nd a custom designed patient positioning verification tool (PPVT) was used to check the patient alignment and correct the patient repositioning before radiosurgery. In this study, We investigate the selected 8 meta static spinal tumor cases. All type of tumors commonly closed to thoracic spinal code. To evaluate the isocenter positioning, real time patient alignment and positioning monitoring was carried out for comparing the current 3-dimensional position of markers with those of an initial reference positions. For a selected patient case, we have check the isocenter positioning per every 20 millisecond for 45 seconds during spinal radiosurgery. In this study, real time average isocenter positioning translation were 0.07±0.17 mm, 0.11±0.18 mm, 0.13±0.26 mm, and 0.20±0.37 mm in the x (lateral), y (longitudinal), z (vertical) directions and mean spatial error, respectively. And body rotations were 0.14±0.07 o , 0.11±0.07 o , 0.03±0.04 o in longitudinal, lateral, table directions and mean body rotation 0.20±0.11 o , respectively. In this study, the maximum mean deviation of real time isocenter positioning translation during spinal radiosurgery was acceptable accuracy clinically.


Vestibular migraine (VM) is a distinct clinical entity which accounts for major vestibular symptoms among the adult and children. It is presently thought of as a major etiology for episodic dizziness. The pathophysiology for VM is not completely understood and is always a puzzling dilemma. Patients often present with vertigo, headache, photophobia, and phonophobia. The clinical examinations and laboratory investigations are usually within normal limits. The diagnosis of VM is often challenging as there are no confirmatory tests available. The treatment is often similar to the migraine headache. The present-day management is to take the similar prophylactic medications needed for migraines such as beta-blockers, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants drugs. It is always a challenging disease for clinicians and often creates a puzzle for diagnosis and treatment. Accurate management of VM needs a proper understanding of the present literature which are discussed details in this review article.


A survey was undertaken of the 1966 Queensland medical graduates in relation to their postgraduate experience in obstetrics and attitudes to their training in this field. A reply was received from 96 of the 111 graduates who received the questionnaire (86%). There was a widespread involvement of these doctors in obstetric care in the course of either general or country hospital practice. Although most doctors expressed satisfaction with their undergraduate education in obstetrics and gynæcology, many believed that the postgraduate phase of their training had not equipped them adequately for their present role. The results suggest that the current trend toward curtailment of the undergraduate obstetric education should proceed only in relation to expanded and reorganized postgraduate education if the needs of the community are to be safeguarded.


With the great change in sci-tech activities in high-tech era,the theme of philosophy of science has to be transformed into the Topics of Science from the traditional axiomatic system for static researches on single theory and paradigm conversion for dynamic researches on multiple theories.Nowadays the sci-tech activities are essentially a process of argumentation and resolution of a certain topic,and one of the important existence forms of the knowledge of science is the topic-catalog structure.The core of the theory of Topics of Science is the multi-dimensional proof theory.So,it will be an important trend to the development of contemporary philosophy of science if reviving the wisdom from the forgotten theory of "Topics" by Aristotle in combination with the research achievements of contemporary philosophy of science to frame the way to the Topics of Science in research,which embodies the updating spirit.


Recent results have demonstrated that the spin trapping agent α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct volume in rats subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion, even when given 1 to 3 hours after the start of recirculation. In the current study, the authors assessed the effect of NXY-059, a novel nitrone that is more soluble than PBN. Loading doses were given of 0.30, 3.0, or 30 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.30, 3.0, or 30 mg · kg−1 · h−1 for 24 or 48 hours. Dose–response studies showed that when treatment was begun 1 hour after recirculation, 0.30 mg · kg−1 had a small and 30 mg · kg-i a marked effect on infarct volume. At equimolar doses (3.0 mg · kg−1 for NXY-059 and 1.4 mg · kg−1 for PBN), NXY-059 was more efficacious than PBN. Similar results were obtained when a recovery period of 7 days was allowed. The window of therapeutic opportunity for NXY-059 was 3 to 6 hours after the start of recirculation. Studies of the transfer constant of [14C]NXY-059 showed that, in contrast to PBN, this more soluble nitrone penetrates the blood-brain barrier less extensively. This fact, and the pronounced antiischemic effect of NXY-059, suggest that the delayed events leading to infarction may be influenced by reactions occurring at the blood–endothelial interface.


Water is easily ignored among five parts making up of concrete,there is a inherent connection between water and its state and the capability of concrete.It is very important to know the function in macroscopical and microscopic aspects for designing and confecting the concrete.The non-condensing of concrete in the actual engineering due to the oversize water cement ratio and the improper choice of water reducing agent,which can be resolved by the effective measure,results from the excess of frozen water and the stagnation cement hydration.


It is the unbalance between the two goods that leads to diverse first-development policies,one is how to inspire the first-development enterprises,and the other is how to take it out from these enterprises.It is difficult for local governments to make it with asymmetry information.This policy diversity is demonstrated by depicting the characteristics of these stimulant schemes theoretically,and under this analysis,the best one is given.


A descriptive and transversal study was done. After a stage of dissemination in the mass media (television, radio and social network) because World Continence Week, which is an annual initiative managed and run by the International Continence Society (ICS). It's primary aim is to raise awareness of incontinence related issues. We collected the data of women who consulted for urinary incontinence All patients completed the ICIQ-SF questionnaire and demographic data were collected by a urogynecologist. The physical examination and the pelvic organ prolapse were done according to the POP-Q quantification and the Wexner Score was included for the analysis of anorectal dysfunction. Categorical data were analyzed as proportions and continuous variables were expressed as means and DS.


Abstract Multiple environmental benefits can be achieved by using a green roof instead of conventional roofs. To better understand the LCA and cost-effectiveness of a green roof, a case study was performed. Two energy models, one with conventional white roof and the other with green roof, were created using eQUEST software to compare the influence of green roof on building energy consumption. The results indicated that the application of a green roof reduced annual space heating and cooling electricity consumption by 9500 kWh (2.2 kWh per square meter). The LCA shows that by using an extensive green roof in lieu of a conventional white roof the LCA measures at the product, construction, and end-of-life stages increased due to the use of additional layers. However, these increases are offset by the reduction of LCA measures at the use stage such that the overall environmental impacts of green roof is less than that of conventional roof. To find out the cost-effectiveness of green roof, a 50-year cost-benefits analysis was conducted. The analysis showed that the net savings of the green roof is negative compared to the white roof it replaced due to its higher initial cost and follow on maintenance cost.


. We consider closed, star-shaped, admissible hypersurfaces in R n +1 expanding along the flow ˙ X = | X | α − 1 F − β , α ≤ 1, β > 0, and prove that for the case α ≤ 1, β > 0, α + β ≤ 2, this evolution exists for all the time and the evolving hypersurfaces converge smoothly to a round sphere after rescaling. Besides, for the case α ≤ 1, α + β > 2, if furthermore the initial closed hypersurface is strictly convex, then the strict convexity is preserved during the evolution process and the flow blows up at finite time.


Observations tell us that the size of the cell of homogeneity is 100-150 Mpc or more. But Hubble discovered his law at the distances which are of order of 20 Mpc. Recently Sandage [3] confirmed the fact of expansion in the local volume with the sizes from 1.5-2 to 20 Mpc, and the kinematical identity of the local (< 20 Mpc) expansion with the global (>> 100-150 Mpc) expansion has been proved with a high accuracy. It seems incompatible co-existence of the regular Hubble flow with the highly non-homogeneous matter distribution deep inside the cell of matter homogeneity. It seems even more puzzling that the linear Hubble flow is very quiet in the local volume: the local velocity dispersion about the mean local expansion rate is about or smaller than 60 km/s. From the standard viewpoint it is expected that the local velocity dispersion is of order of the bulk velocity. The largest bulk velocity for the sun is that towards the Great Attractor, this is about 600 km/s in the rest frame of the Cosmic Microwave Background. As Sandage [3] says, "explanation of why the local expansion field is so noiseless remains a mystery".


The role of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) has been emphasized in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. This cell population, identified by a skin homing molecule (cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen Â- CLA), has been described in patients with other dermatoses and can be reduced with phototherapy. The authors present the case of a patient with generalized vitiligo and clinical recovery after PUVA parallel to a 25% reduction in CD8+-CLA+ T cells in the peripheral blood.


Each year, chest diseases prematurely claim 4 million lives. They are very difficult to detect even for experienced radiologists. Thus, there is a need to develop artificial intelligence-based detection systems to aid in the diagnosis of chest diseases. The paper proposes a Swin Transformer based approach to classify images into one or more out of 14 chest diseases. The model is trained using a large number chest X-ray images from the Chest X-ray14 dataset. The proposed architecture uses multiple projection heads for improved results. The proposed model is compared to existing solutions based on Convolutional Neural Networks available for the problem and produces an AUC of 0.801 with state-of-the-art performances in four pathologies.


Enlarged lymph nodes of mice with lpr mutation consist predominantly of CD4−CD8− (double‐negative: DN) T cells. Among them, TCRBV8S3 (Vβ 8.3) T cells are overrepresented as compared to those in single‐positive (SP) T cells. To address the question of whether the expansion of oligoclonal T cells is responsible for the increase in TCRBV8S3 cells, we examined the TCRBJ gene repertoires of BV8S3 DN and SP T cells from multiple MRL lpr/lpr mice. The BJ repertoires of BV3 (Vβ3), BV8S1 (Vβ8.1) and BV8S2 (Vβ8.2) were studied for comparison with those of BV8S3 T cells. The employed method, which was based on a PCR‐ELISA technique, was newly developed and allowed us to make a precise quantitation of TCRBJ gene usage of the multiple lymphocyte samples. The results showed that there were no biases of the BJ gene usage by BV8S3 DN T cells as well as other BV T cells. Furthermore, the BJ gene usage of CD4 and CD8 BV8S3 T cells was conserved by the DN T cells. It is suggested that the BV8S3 DN T cells were not expanded by specific antigens. The expansion may result from aberrant regulation specific to the BV8S3‐expressing T cells.


Finite element method is adopted for many complex engineering structures.In order to estimate and control error, adaptive finite element method is applied very popularly in structure analysis.Based on a posteriori error estimate, the adaptive process is divided into two iterations, i.e.uniform iteration and gradation refinement iteration, and which is different from traditional schemes.In the uniform process, a constant mesh size is applied in the whole domain so that a proper initial uniform mesh can be achieved.In the gradation mesh iteration process, an element required refinement is triangulated locally within the curved triangle region to which it belongs.This step can make use of previous mesh to higher degree and get a satisfactory mesh size distribution so that different size triangles can be jointed smoothly.The whole scheme is simple and can be carried out easily.The iteration process can converged in several steps.The resultant mesh has a better size distribution and higher quality.


The embodiment of the invention provides a feedback signal correcting method and device. The method and the device are used for correcting direct current leakage, amplitude unbalance and phase unbalance due to a ZIF (zero intermediate frequency) architecture in feedback signals. The method comprises the following steps that feedback signals are converted into synchronous feedback signals realizing the same time, the same phase and the same amplitude as transmitting signals; direct current bias parameters, amplitude unbalance parameters and phase unbalance parameters of the transmitting signals and the synchronous feedback signals are respectively calculated; the direct current bias parameters, the amplitude unbalance parameters and the phase unbalance parameters of the synchronous feedback signals are corrected according to the direct current bias parameters, the amplitude unbalance parameters and the phase unbalance parameters of the transmitting signals, and direct current bias correcting parameters, amplitude unbalance correcting parameters and phase unbalance correcting parameters of the synchronous feedback signals are obtained; the synchronous feedback signals are corrected according to the direct current bias correcting parameters, the amplitude unbalance correcting parameters and the phase unbalance correcting parameters.


This report deals with the experimental study of seismic response behavior of piping systems in the industrial facilities such as petro-chemical plants and nuclear power plants. Special attention is focussed on the nonlinear dynamic response of piping systems due to frictional vibration appeared among piping and supporting devices. 3 dimensional mock-up piping model having 30 m Iength and 8 inches diameter is excited by large scale (15 m x 15 m) shaking table. Power spectra of the response vibration and loading-response relations in the form of hysteresis loop under several excitation levels are calculated. Response reduction effect caused by frictional vibration is evaluated and demonstrated in terms of "response reduction factor". Numerical simulation by use of nonlinear simplified friction model is also performed and calculated piping response is compared with those from vibration tests.


Efficiency use of land parcel in forest catchment area is becoming a major concern as the disparity between the demands by population growth to these resources is widening. Thus the competition over land use and water resources has sometime lead to conflict among different users. Societies pay a lot of attention to the problem of land use and environmental planning. From this view's point an understanding of the hydrological zone in catchment area is necessary in the sense that it is important step toward management of water resources in this country. Information about changes and current land use in catchment areas is important for the management and planning. Remote sensing and GIS application nowadays are expand widely, specifically in dealing with several geography data and interpretation of broad area on earth surface. For instance, water catchments zone need a wide surface consist of steep slope to assemble precipitations before it is discharge to the reservoir through the tributaries cause by the gravity factor. Each of the tributaries which are discharge to the reservoir is include in the area of water catchments zone. The objective of this study are two folds: (i) to identify and delineate a catchments zone at Hutan Simpan Pondok Tanjung (HSPT) and (ii) to map land use changes using remote sensing data and GIS from 1989 to 1999 inside the catchment zone. Result showed that by using GIS, a catchment zone at HSPT Perak can be delineated, which was covering an area about 10,945.8 ha. Meanwhile, a total of 10 land use classes were mapped within the catchment zone and the changes of the land use area were analysed.


Background: Approximately one-fifth of the world's population has a temperament trait called Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), expressed as increased awareness to perceive subtle stimuli and high emotional reactivity. These people are more sensitive to the environment and parenthood, so the development of psychopathology may be due to insecure attachment in conjunction with high sensitivity, not only to high sensitivity. However, there is little information on how SPS interacts with attachment style concerning Emotional Regulation, whose alteration is considered the underlying mechanism that allows understanding and preventing psychopathology's emergence. Objective: This research's objective was to evaluate the importance of SPS and attachment styles as predictors of difficulties in emotional regulation (ERD). Method: 1050 university students participated. To determine the direct and indirect relationships of the independent variables, generalized linear models and structural equations were used. Results: Only anxious attachment was indirectly related to ERD through the SPS. SPS-attachment interaction seems to increase the probability of ERD compared to a low level of SPS regardless of attachment style. An anxious attachment was found to be the best predictor of ERD. Conclusions: Difficulties in regulating emotions in highly sensitive people are difficult to avoid, even with a secure attachment.


A new model for the electric conductivity in quasi‐one‐dimensional organic metals is proposed. The conductivity is attributed to electron hopping between the separate segments of the one‐dimensional donor stacks. The metalliclike behavior of the conductivity at the room temperature as well the low temperature conductivity maximum are explained. The relation of the model with the Anderson's confinement hypothesis is briefly discussed.


Experimental monolayer evapotranspiration cover systems were installed in 1997–1998 over mine tailings at the Morenci Mine in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Test plots were constructed on the tailings dam side-slope to examine effects of cover treatments on vegetation and net infiltration flux into the tailings. Treatment variables were: cover thickness, three organic amendments applied at different rates, two mulch types, and seed mixes with native species only or native plus non-native species.
Vegetation monitoring results indicated minimal differences in ground or canopy cover or species frequencies between cover depths, but greater mean vegetation cover was seen in organically-amended compared to unamended plots,and in mulched compared to unmulched plots. No differences were identified between seed mix variables. Matric potential data showed that, under normal precipitation conditions, the 60 cm cover more effectively limited infiltration of precipitation into the tailings at 180 cm below ground surface than did the 30 cm cover, but storm sequences delivering precipitation of 2.5 cm or more resulted in wetting of sensors at this depth. Unsaturated flow models calibrated to in situ matric potential data indicate long-term net percolation rates of less than 1 cm per year, with only nominal decreases in net percolation if the cover thickness is increased beyond 60 cm.