Achenes ofLactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids were treated with (±) 2-[14C]-abscisic acid (ABA) at 105 - or 2-106 M for 6, 12, 24, 48 or 96 h in darkness at 24°C. They were then extracted in 80% ethanol. Two acidic diethyl ether phases which contained the free acids and the acids released after mild alkaline hydrolysis respectively, were analyzed as well as the radioactivity which remained in the final aqueous phase. For treatment durations between 6 and 96 h, the major part of the radioactivity was found in the free phase, in the form of ABA. For treatment durations up to 48 h, no radioactivity was detected at the Rf of phaseic acid or dihydrophaseic acid (free and hydrolysed phases). After 96 h culture on 105 M ABA, dihydrophaseic acid was present, but only in very small quantities. Two ABA metabolites were detected. One was characterized as β-d-glucopyranosyl abscisate since its Rf was the same as that of an authentic sample in three different solvent systems and also since it released ABA on mild alkaline hydrolysis. It increased steadily with time and represented the main metabolite. The other metabolite found in the aqueous phase after mild alkaline hydrolysis and extraction with ether at pH 3 was a very polar compound, resistant to alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of concentrated ammonia and to methylation. It was, however, metabolized by apple embryo, yielding essentially dihydrophaseic acid and an ester which released dihydrophaseic acid on mild alkaline hydrolysis. These results indicate that under the conditions tried, the metabolism of [14C]-ABA by lettuce achenes leads almost exclusively to the formation of conjugates, oxidative metabolism of ABA being almost non-existent. Separate analysis of the integuments and of the endosperm plus embryo after culture of whole achenes for 48 h in the presence of 105 M [14C]-ABA showed that ABA metabolism occurred only in the endospermembryo tissue.


In 1919, Afghanistan won its independence from British suzerainty. In each subsequent year, the state celebrated the event by staging military parades, organising cultural programmes – and sporting competitions. This chapter considers the independence games from the perspective of British diplomats in Afghanistan who also took part in the contests. In particular, the chapter studies the reports written by British diplomats on the games and explores how notions of fair play and athleticism were projected on the independent state of Afghanistan. The chapter asks if these reports are indicative of larger political and/or colonial ambitions. Complicating conventional assumptions on the primacy of the political in diplomatic relations, this chapter suggests that the physical encounter constituted a central feature in British-Afghan relations.


To deploy Production Factors is to integrate the subject and object of labor-human,asset,resources-so as to form the actual production capacity.The focus of the production factor deployment is the deployment of human,around which center the deployment of various other factors.Upon entering market,SOEs,as far as deployment of production factors are concerned,should first deploy the production factors for their own use and then deploy the property right relationship so as to perform capital operations.


We analyze the effect of injected atomic coherence on transverse patterns of a broad area laser by means of the semiclassical two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations. A single longitudinal mode is considered. The injected atomic coherence forces a spatially homogeneous profile to appear and locks the field phase to a single value. Above a pump threshold value a very rich scenario of patterns is developed. Near threshold we find stationary patterns such as rhombic and hexagonal lattices. Well above threshold nonstationary patterns such as complex highly ordered vortex lattices traveling along the cross section, and nearly traveling waves appear.


The present study investigates horizontal liquid-liquid flow through an orifice with a particular emphasis on the stratified flow regime. The initial investigations are directed at understanding the influence of the orifice plate on the phase distribution of the two liquids in the pipe. The flow patterns have been identified using the optical probe and photographic techniques. The probability density function (PDF) analysis of the random signals obtained from the optical probe has been adopted for a better understanding of the flow phenomenon. The results show the onset of dispersion in the downstream section when the flow in the upstream region exhibits stratified orientation. The use of an orifice as a homogenizer as well as a feasible flow-metering device for low viscosity oil-water flows has been encouraged by experimental results.


LEWELLEN [4] ARGUED IN A RECENT article that "if risk adjusted rates are to be employed, a higher-rate treatment of cash-outflow risk is not only conceptually consistent but, indeed, mandatory from a market perspective." In support of his position, he presents a short example consisting of two projects, designated as A and B, in which the cash inflow streams are known with certainty while the outflow streams are risky. Lewellen purports to show that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the "value additivity principle" suggest that the -project with the higher variance in the cash outflow should have the higher risk-adjusted discount rate (RADR).' The thrust of his position is that, ceteris paribus, an outflow stream becomes more desirable as the variance of the stream increases. We are in substantial disagreement with both Lewellen's development as well as with any implied generality of employing the standard RADR procedure in valuing outflow streams. We will first demonstrate that his conclusions do not follow from his development and will then conclude with a counter argument to his procedure.


Soil fertility term is defined by FAO as the ability of soil to sustain nutrients required by plants in adequate quantities and correct proportions (Jin at el., 2011). In other word, soil fertility is one of the components that control its productivity potentials, and the status of this fertility is strongly influenced by management practices (Johnson et al., 2000). Physicochemical properties of soil (e.g. pH, OM, and soil texture) are the most important factors, which reflect the fertility of soil and its productivity potentials (Mulder, 2000; NajafiGhiri et al., 2010 and Havlin et.al. 2010). Additionally, the availability of plant nutrients in soil and their status in soil are crucial to justify the fertility of soil (Havlin et al., 2010). Last but least, the fertility of soil has a strong relation with the complicated reactions among organic substances, water and nutrient ions and is largely controlled by the nature and quality of mineral ores (Sushanth et al., 2019). On the other hand, soil fertility controls farmers' options for agricultural production procedures and Agricultural practices (e.g. fertilizers application, organic matter management and other conservation systems). Therefore, soil analysis is helpful for better understanding of soil fertility status to increase the crop production and obtaining sustainable yield.


The accompanying analytical Table of the genera of the Rhabdophora which are especially treated of in the present paper is here offered as a first and suggestive sketch for an improved arrangement of these forms. The foregoing conclusions have been employed in its construction, and are embodied in the general scheme.


Local government has the capacity to achieve outcomes for grassroots political movements in creating responsive governance and an enabling environment to promote the democratic values and public participation amongst marginal groups in decision-making processes. However, in Nepali society there remains much public frustration and dissatisfaction with local government, as corruption and dishonesty in the political and bureaucratic spheres have created extreme impediments for the capacity of local government to deliver grassroots objectives, especially relating to justice and service delivery. Against this background, this research aims to address a major research question: To what extent is local government able to implement the constitutionally granted rights to transform local communities? Using a case study of the restructured Nepali local government units, findings indicate that more capacity is required to enable the restructuring process of local governance; increase citizen engagement in the local governance system; enhance technical, administration and fiscal capacity for effective service delivery; and formulate essential laws, acts and regulations. Major barriers to increasing the capacity of local government include lack of local autonomy, political conflict based on ethnic and class identities, the productive engagement of outsiders and the democratization of bureaucracy.


It has been argued that to achieve a genuinely sustainable society, our mode of being in the world needs to change. Understanding macro visions such as the desirable size of our economies remains essential, but concrete ways of being in the world which unite such aspects of our existence as the self, being with others (humans and non-humans) and being in and with nature deserve a much closer attention. Hence, I propose focusing our attention on being once again. But rather than contemplating being as an abstract philosophical category, this paper looks at being in the world in this dual sense: we are part of the cosmos, of the web of existence and at the same time we are in the world locally, in concrete places and locations characterized by particular cultural attributes, political-economic systems, climate and landscape. This nature of being applies to individual humans and human organizations. This paper focuses specifically on business as one type of organizations. I employ the concept of degrowth business, the philosophy of critical realism and humanistic geography as lenses to enhance and deepen our understanding of what it could mean and look like for a business to be in the world locally and more sustainably. To understand what it could mean and look like in reality, I offer a case of a firm from Northern Sweden specializing in vertical hydroponic agriculture.


He was early. No one besides the audiovisual guy was there. It was a big room with several hundred uncomfortable chairs, all too close together. He chose one on the aisle about halfway back. The temperature was just a little too chilly. As he sat down, he sighed with relief. He was a general internist in a town with one red light. Getting here had been frustrating. First, he'd spent the last 2 weeks working extra hard, trying to keep his chronically ill patients doing as well as they could, out of the hospital. The last week had been a blur of activity, attempting to get his census of inpatients down. Then there had been the inevitable last-minute crises: chest pain, fever, a dead leg. It was never a tidy process. His wife was upset because of the extra-long days and because he'd been so preoccupied recently. Now he'd be out of town for 5 days. She didn't get to go to meetings, and she didn't buy his line that the meetings were really work. He was going to miss one son's basketball game and the other's Boy Scout Jamboree. His partner was not too happy either: more calls, more patients, and less sleep. Then there was the cost: plane tickets, hotel, meals, and all the other incidentals. Every year it was more than a thousand dollars. Although it was tax deductible, it was still a major outlay, more than 1% of his annual income. Nevertheless, he was happy to be here. This was his major continuing medical education effort for the year. He loved to hear about new things or to have the old things he did justified by experts. He tried to keep up with his journals, but it was a losing battle. He just didn't have protected time. He saw old friends from training and caught up on other people from his past. The flying and staying in a hotel always seemed exciting to him, and being alone, away from his telephone, was very relaxing. He always felt rejuvenated when he returned to his practice. She was early. The audiovisual guy was up on the stage testing the microphone and the pointer. There was already someone in the audience, hands behind his head, staring at the ceiling. She hated to be this early, but she couldn't help herself. Despite having given some version of this talk half a dozen times, she still got anxious beforehand. She was an academic, chief of her division, a scientist of some renown. She had a lot to manage: grants, faculty, residents, and students. Getting here had been hectic. There was an important committee meeting that needed to be rescheduled. She had a grant to review and a couple of papers to edit. Then her research fellow had a problem with the cell cultures. And of course, there were always some last-minute slides for her secretary to prepare. She wasn't on service this month, so there weren't any loose ends to tie up on the wards. Thank God she'd be able to fly out tonight and get back home. Her husband didn't mind the overnight trips. He used to come with her, but she traveled too much now. Thank God she didn't have to pay for these trips either. She didn't enjoy flying much anymore or hotels, but at least the college paid for all of this. Her income wasn't that great. She was grateful that she didn't have to depend on these big meetings to keep up, that she could walk down the hall to hear a lecture every day at the university. She didn't have the time anymore for a meeting like this. Although this talk was a distraction, it would at least be over in an hour and a half. These kinds of talks were good for her reputation and for the reputation of her department and institution. This talk, in particular, had been well received in the past. Reading the evaluations made her feel worth-while. She enjoyed seeing some old friends, residents, and students. Now, however, there were faces she couldn't remember, times when she feigned recognition. And there were others whom she'd just as soon not see. As the speaker walked toward the podium, she passed the general internist. They both nodded, and each felt a twinge of envy.


The present invention relates to an induction synchronous motor having a rotating part, a stationary part having a stator, a rotating part having a rotor core, a secondary conductor and a permanent magnet, the rotor core having a secondary conductor groove and a plurality of magnet grooves. The secondary conductor has a plurality of conductor strips arranged in the secondary conductor groove,and a pair of end rings which are disposed on both axial end surfaces of the rotor core and which connect end portions in the axial direction of the plurality of conductor strips to each other in a ring-like shape. A plurality of permanent magnets are disposed in the magnet grooves, and the common poles of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposed to each other in the circumferential direction.


This paper proposes an optical method to perform a balanced ternary vector-matrix multiplication. Inspired by ternary optical computer's ability to process ternary information, we study techniques to realize ternary vector-matrix multiplication (VMM) based on the work of manipulating binary VMM computation. The principle and specific working flow is described in detail and the correctness of this method is verified by experimentation. The advantage of optical VMM and the superiorities of ternary VMM are discussed.


This paper proposed an analytical method for the calculation of electromagnetic toque in a Permanent Magnet-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMASynRM) based on equivalent magnetic network model. The Fourier expression of the electromagnetic torque considering harmonic is theoretically analyzed and simulated. With the aim of reducing torque ripple, the effect of the flux barrier angle on the electromagnetic torque and torque ripple is theoretically studied and simulated in one pole asymmetry and one pole pairs asymmetry structure. Finally, the optimal flux barrier angle is given. There is a good consistence between theoretical and simulation result.


The cost control of restructure and expend of 150 kt/a ionic membrane caustic soda were introduced.Advanced process technology and equipment was the premise of Construction cost control of restructure and expend.The talent people were the key points of cost control.The success experience was the guarantee of cost control.


This paper considers the regression with errors having nonstationary nonlinear heteroskedasticity. For both the usual stationary regression and the nonstationary cointegrating regression, we develop the asymptotic theories for the least squares methods in the presence of conditional heterogeneity given as a nonlinear function of an integrated process. In particular, it is shown that the nonstationarity of volatility in the regression errors may induce spuriousness of the underlying regression. This is true for both the usual stationary regression and the nonstationary cointegrating regression, if excessive nonstationary volatility is present in the errors. Mild nonstationary volatilities do not render the underlying regression spurious. However, their presence makes the least squares estimator asymptotically biased and inefficient and the usual chi-square test invalid. In the paper, we develop an unbiased and efficient method of estimation and a chi-square test applicable for the regression with mild nonstationary volatilities in the errors. We provide some illustrations to demonstrate the empirical relevancy of the model and theory developed in the paper. For this purpose, examined are US consumption function, EURO/USD forward-spot spreads and capital-asset pricing models for some major NYSE stocks. First Draft: May 3, 2003 This version: February 7, 2004


To assess the use of perineal ultrasound in the evaluation of the influence of vaginal delivery on urethral mobility and on the contraction strength of the levator ani muscles.


This article takes ZhuLong River in Zibo City as an example, using MIKE 21 two-dimensional mathematical model to simulate the influence of the bridge of flood control. The method of local topography and local roughness correction is used to generalize the piers in engineering. This article simulates the flushing and scouring process of bridges under a flood of 100 years. The results show that the MIKE 21 numerical model can simulate the complex terrain better, and the relative deviation in the process of model validation are all less than 1%. The backwater height and scour depth of the bridge are all within a reasonable range. Therefore, for a bridge with important flood control tasks in complex terrain river, it is suggested to use mathematical model to calculate the backwater value, so as to get more reasonable calculation results, and provide the basis analysis and calculation for flood control impact assessment.


Publication of scientific paper becomes a common issue of Elementary School teachers because they should understand journal templates and ojs based journal system to submit an article. Team of STBA Pontianak held a community outreach to introduce kinds of scientific paper publication to all teachers in Pontianak City in the form of Seminar. This activity invited a certified teacher who have published many books and article journals. She motivated teachers to publish books. There was also a direct practice of identify OJS based journals. According to the evaluation, two materials of the activity were a new knowledge for almost all participants. In other words, they have not learned about the materials elsewhere before. It can be concluded that all participants need further practice in preparing their research paper, and in submitting it to the journal.


We propose a mechanism to use inelastic tunneling spectrosopy scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to detect a single spin in a d-wave superconductor and in a pseudogap state, based on a direct exchange coupling J between the surface electrons and the local spin S in a magnetic field. This coupling will produce a kink in a dI/dV characteristic at Zeeman energy of the spin ω 0 . We find that for relevant values of parameters signal scales as dI 2 /dV 2 ≃ (JN 0 ) 2 Θ(eV-ω 0 ) and could be in the range of 10 - 2 of the bare density of states where N 0 is the density of states for surface electrons. Scattering in superconductor with the coherence peak at gap maximum Δ leads also to strong features at Δ+ω 0 . This suggests a different technique for a detection of a local spin excitation with STM. We also consider a detection of a local vibrational mode as a simple extension of the spin case.


The Connection-Then-Credit (CTC) end-to-end flow control protocol is an extension to the normal Credit-Based (CB) flow control. CTC was introduced to address the message dependent deadlock problem in best-effort Networks-On-Chips (NoC) while offering an area-efficient network interface with respect to the normal CB end-to-end flow control protocol, which needs a lot of buffering resources. Nevertheless, only simulation results of the CTC versus CB were presented. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of both protocols; their RTL design is presented and synthesized in TSMC 40nm CMOS technology. Post-synthesis implementation results are analyzed and compared. The CTC and CB interfaces performance were evaluated and compared using standard traffic patterns and the theoretical equations of the protocols are validated through the implementation of a complete NoC, including network interfaces, routers, and mesochronous links in mesh topology.


An object of the present invention is always independent of the filling station or base station, cleaning purposes, repair purposes, automatically reaching the coating process, the printing process as well as a suitable surface for monitoring purposes, to go up to the surface or the front by itself to navigate around the surface on its own, and away from the surface, which can be used in automated and versatile, is to provide a structure with a flight performance. If available in automated and versatile according to the present invention, the structure to self-elevating equipped with a vacuum suction unit (2) (1), the structure of self-elevating (1), two, three or more multirotor (3) is arranged with a rotor (11) or a propeller (11).


Background and Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious disease of wild and domestic ruminant animals caused by the BT virus (BTV). Bangladesh having a border with a BTV-endemic country, India and a substantial number of susceptible animals. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate BTV seroprevalence and potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: We collected 150 serum samples from indigenous sheep from Chattogram, Bangladesh. We screened the serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BTV-specific immunoglobulin. Results: We detected antibodies against BTV in 39.3% (59/150; 95% confidence interval: 31.5–47.6) of all sampled sheep. Factors like sampling site, sheep rearing location, rearing sheep with other farm species, and body condition score had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the seroprevalence of BTV. Conclusion: The findings show that indigenous sheep have a higher BTV seroprevalence, necessitating sustained surveillance for early diagnosis and a better understanding of virus epidemiology in Bangladesh.


Caragana opulens Kom.is one native shrub with great stress—resistant ability and widely distributed in arid and hilly area of Qinghai province.The research showed that,Caragana opulens Kom.plays ecological role better than its economic role since it has significant performance in soil improvement, water storage and soil conservation.It is also used as fuel wood,forage and green manure.


Background: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) work by impairing DNA damage repair and have demonstrated activity in patients with BRCAmt breast cancer. Their mechanism of action leads to high mutational burden and increased neoantigens suggesting tumors exposed to PARPi may have increased response to immunotherapy. Preclinical and phase I/II trials have shown evidence of antitumor effect of PARPi + PD-L1 inhibition. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of the PARPi olaparib as monotherapy vs. in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with BRCAmt advanced breast cancer.
 Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase II study was conducted. Patients were enrolled at 20 sites in the US. Patients were allowed prior hormone or chemotherapy and randomized to receive olaparib 300 mg twice daily (O) +/- atezolizumab 1200 mg IV every 21 days (O+A) until disease progression or intolerable side effect. Patients with progression on O were allowed to crossover to O+A arm. The primary endpoint was comparison of progression free survival (PFS) between arms. Overall survival (OS) was also assessed. Safety and activity analyses were done in patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. Serial tumor biopsies were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and progression to evaluate the effect of therapy on tumor infiltrating lymphocyte populations, whole exome DNA sequencing, and correlate with outcome to assess predictive value. Enrollment has completed and the study is ongoing. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02849496.
 Results: 78 patients with BRCAmt advanced breast cancer were enrolled between 5/3/2018 and 3/17/2022 and available for analysis. Groups were generally well matched on baseline characteristics. PFS was 7.0 months (95% CI 5.5-11.5) in O arm and 7.67 months (95% CI 5.6-10) in O+A arm (p=0.92). Median OS was 26.5 months (95% CI 19.2- NR) in O arm and 22.4 months (95% CI 16.6-31.3) in O+A arm (p=0.3). In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subgroup (n=23), there was no significant difference in PFS (p=0.92) or OS (p=0.6). Treatment was generally well tolerated with expected side effects, with O+A group experiencing more adverse events of all grades. Analysis of tumor samples from serial biopsies will be presented separately.
 Conclusion: Olaparib or combination olaparib + atezolizumab resulted in clinically meaningful PFS in both treatment arms. Addition of atezolizumab did not significantly increase PFS. Treatment in both arms was generally well tolerated with expected side effects based on prior drug profiles. This is the first randomized trial to show that the addition of immunotherapy (atezolizumab) to PARPi (olaparib) in patients with advanced BRCAmt breast cancer does not add to therapeutic response but carries with it additional toxicities.
 Citation Format: Kristina A. Fanucci, Mary Jo Pilat, Derek Shyr, Yu Shyr, Scott A. Boerner, Diane Durecki, Anne Noonan, Vandana Abramson, Cesar Santa-Maria, Hyo Han, Rita Nanda, Elizabeth Claire Dees, Haeseong Park, Saundra Buys, Namrata Peswani, Helen Chew, Hadeel Assad, Gerburg Wulf, Angelique Richardson, Meghna S. Trivedi, Adam Brufsky, James Abbruzzese, Anosheh Afghahi, Elad Sharon, Kurt Schalper, Patricia LoRusso. Olaparib +/- atezolizumab in patients with BRCA-mutated (BRCAmt) locally advanced unresectable or metastatic (advanced) breast cancer: an open-label, multicenter, randomized phase II trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT145.


Objective: To observe and investigate the pathologic characteristic of spontaneous breast cancer in TAⅡmice. Methods: 59 cases of TAⅡspontaneous breast cancer mices were collected from March 2005 to October 2006. The tumor occurred time, parity, sites of tumor, numbers of tumor were recorded and the tumor nature was determined by pathologic observation. Results: In 59 cases of TAⅡ spontaneous breast cancer mices, average tumor occurred time was 330 days,the average parity was 2.7, predilection sites of tumor were left lower quadrant,left prothorax, right prothorax, right lower quadrant and the nape in order.The tumors of 12 mices were multiple,others were single.Tumors were almost confirmed to be mammary adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Through serial passage for a long time, characteristic of spontaneous breast cancer in TAⅡmice is different from previous reports.


Nowadays, transportation needs in urban area are increasing continuously. This certainly has an impact on the marketing policy of transportation producers, including the motorcycle industry. Among them, the series of television commercials ads distributed by Yamaha Motor Indonesia in 2016 are the most interesting; because of the way advertising through visuals have similarities. Despite the fact that these ads contain different product information and motorcycle genres, this condition has influenced the viewer's perception of the company's image through the products in the ads and how the products were treated. Visual representation studies of Yamaha ads are very important, especially related to the perception of motorcycle users in the context of the driving style that was presented in advertisements. This research uses descriptive research method by using visual and content analysis approach. The study will also reveal public perceptions involving respondents in the age of 18 to 30 years as the age range that dominate the purchase figure in Indonesia. The study concluded that Yamaha is trying to give an idea of the toughness of its engine technology, but is represented in advertisements through 'aggressive' and 'fast' driving styles. The perception of the driving force captured by society is an aggressive and arrogant driving style.


High or low degree of banking market reflects the overall level of development of a national
market economy. In China, there are still more stringent restrictions for the domestic private
capital to enter the banking market; the market of the interest rate and exchange rate of RMB
has just started; there are still the larger institutional barriers in enhancing the regulatory
capacity and the level of the banking regulatory agencies. Solving these problems will not only
improve the relevant legal system, but also establish the various mechanisms and the specific
implementation rules to ensure the effective running of the system for. The main points to
reform is: on the access of banks, we should take a access system combined the clear method
to customize with the record-keeping system on the interest rates and exchange rates, we
should adopt the way of transaction pricing of international market as soon as we can on the
supervision of the banking sector, we should strictly strengthen the universal applicability and
executive rate of the responsibility according to the statutory standards and procedures. Only
in this way, can we make China's banking industry to become the main body of modern
financial services with the capacity of international competitiveness and international
cooperation on the basis of the rule of law.


A Lévy process on a∗–bialgebra is given by its generator, a conditionally posit ive hermitian linear functional vanishing at the unit element. A ∗–algebra homomorphismκ from a ∗–bialgebraC to a∗–bialgebraB with the property that κ respects the counits maps generators onB to generators onC. A tranformation between the corrresponding two Lévy processes is given by forming infinitesimal convolution produc ts. This general result is applied to various situations, e.g., to a ∗–bialgebra and its associated primitive tensor ∗–bialgebra (called 'generator process') as well as its associated grou p-like ∗–bialgebra (called Weyl∗–bialgebra). It follows that a Lévy process on a ∗–bialgebra can be realized on Boson Fock space as the infinitesimal convolution product of its genera tor process such that the vacuum vector is cyclic for the Lévy process. Moreover, we obtain c o volution approximations of the Azéma martingale by the Wiener process and vice versa.


Some 20 years ago, when I was a systems analyst for a consulting firm in Columbus, Ohio, I began a project with a new client. Our project manager was an older man named Ken. Our task was to design a database for an organization that could be used to report on harness racing in the United States and Canada. Perhaps because he had never finished his bachelor's degree and I was then completing a graduate degree, he chose to demonstrate the value of his many years of practical computer experience to me and thus educate me in the ways and wisdom of experienced computer professionals. He frequently spoke in homilies intended to impart his knowledge without interfering too much with my work.


. The author in the article defines the concept of loan execution. It is understood as the performance of a specific act concerning the object of the obligation by the debtor in favour of the creditor. The author noted the features of loan agreement execution, taking into account the changes made to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation concerning the legal characteristics of the con‐ tract, as well as that the requirements for the loan agreement execution depend on whether it is real or consensual.


We present a new approach for fabricating multiple phase level holographic optical elements in fused silica. The approach utilizes electron-beam lithography, and it is particularly applicable for devices with minimum feature sizes below 1 μm. We have succeeded in fabricating arrays of multiple phase level optical elements with minimum features of 0.4 μm. We also report on the diffraction efficiencies of cylindrical f/1 lenses with 3 mm focal lengths. The results agree very well with the theoretical predictions. We also predict that an increase in diffraction efficiency of as much as 10 % can be realized from the outer portions of a holographic lens through better registration of the multiple layers.


Six granular insecticidal treatments were compared for efficacy in the control of Northern corn rootworm larvae in field corn (Trojan TB115). The test was conducted in a no-till field (rye cover) which had received no treatments of soil insecticides in the past. Corn had been planted continuously for 5 years in this field. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in 12 ft wide x 50 ft long plots (4 rows/plot, 30 in spacing). A Gandy granular applicator was used for in-furrow and banded placement of the products. On Jun 30, 40 root systems/treatment were dug from the ground (10 systems/plot x 4 replicates, from 2 center rows), washed of soil and visually rated using the 1-6 damage system (1 = no feeding damage and 6 = 3 or more root nodes pruned to 1.5 in of plant stem).


A synthetic fertilizer caused negative effects on soil and the environment. Thus, this study aimed at producing liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine using probiotic consortium consisting of Lactobacillus sp., Rhodopseudomonas sp., Actinomycetes sp., and Streptomyces sp. This study used a different number of bacteria and fermentation time. Quality of liquid organic fertilizer (N, P, K, C/N, pH ) was evaluated. The results showed that the N increased (1.0-2.3%) from days 1 to 12, and stagnant onwards. P increased (0.6-2.2%) with day 0 to 15, and stagnant until day 21. K increased (1.0-3.2%) with day 0 to 12, and stagnant until day 21. The C decreased (5.6-0.1%) with day 0 to 21. Furthermore, C/N decreased (5.62-0.03) from day 0 to 21. The pH increased (7.1-8.6) from day 0 to 21. On the other hand, N increased (1-2.54%) for an increase of microorganisms number (5-30 mL). P increased (1.2-2.2) for an increase in the number of microorganisms (5-25 mL), and stagnant until 30 mL. The K increased (1.5-3.3%) in increments of 5 to 30 mL. C value decreased (0.3-0.1%) from 5 to 30 mL. Meanwhile, the C/N decreased (0.3-0.04) from 5 to 30 mL. The pH was between 8.3-8.5.


It is sometimes convenient to treat a relatively rigid footing as a single element subjected to up to six force-resultants: vertical load, horizontal load in two directions, overturning moment about two axes, and torsion. Applications include calculations of initial, elastic settlement; foundation responses under seismic loading or for machine vibrations; and fixity of an offshore jackup foundation under cyclic wave loading. Present codes of practice provide formulae that assume fully isotropic and linear elastic soil, and in some case assume no friction between footing and soil. This paper uses recent theoretical advances to develop solutions for stiffnesses of rigid circular footings on transversely isotropic linear elastic soil, including with interface friction. Closed form solutions are developed for vertical load and overturning moment on a frictionless interface, and for vertical load and torsion on a frictional interface. A boundary element analysis is presented for the cases of lateral load and overturning moment on a frictional interface. By fitting expected forms to the results, new formulae are proposed for stiffnesses for these cases. Effects of interface friction on limiting loads are calculated. Practical applications are outlined, and some limitations are briefly discussed.


I love institutions. It is not a very fashionable thing to admit, I know. In our age of individual freedoms, mobile and flexible work, and myriad commercial opportunities for self-fashioning, institutions seem to invoke a world of constraint and bureaucracy with which many people would like to do away. And worse, from the banking crisis and parliamentary expenses scandals to the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, institutions have been shown to have perpetrated crimes and damaged individuals in ways that involve fundamental abuses of trust. Institutions do not get very good press and, in many ways, nor should they.


We report improved control over the quality and uniformity of CVD graphene devices through a novel fabrication technique. An overlying HSQ pinning dielectric is used to physically anchor and protect the graphene sheet, resulting in electron and hole motilities of 25 600 and 23 700 cm2/Vs, respectively, record-breaking values for CVD graphene devices. Transitioning from traditional 3-D bulk materials to loosely adhered 2-D graphene sheets, the presented process is expected to bring new focus to post-transfer passivation as a means of fabricating graphene devices closer to their theoretical limits. Based on the extracted mean-free-path (MFP) from the experimental data, the graphene interconnect is benchmarked against the copper interconnect at various widths and edge roughness. Results demonstrate the importance of edge smoothness and MFP, which dictate the potential benefits of graphene interconnects at a narrow dimension.


The present invention is applied, for example, to a dynamic image encoding device and decoding device based on ITU-T H.264. A syntax element having a high appearance frequency is processed by using a probability state variable held in a second memory (13) having a small access latency while the other syntax elements are processed by using a probability state variable held in a first memory (12) having a large access latency.


TV series plays an important role in Lingnan popular culture. This thesis is to analyze the process of the making of Lingnan TV series, and to discuss their regional characteristics in providing service and cultural consumption to audiences in a certain region.


Intrusive leadership is a method that looks for signs that might indicate a problem within or outside of the workplace that can affect a member's performance and, subsequently, the mission. Our scenario demonstrates how intrusive leadership can identify potential problems which, when coupled with accountability, can prevent more significant complications.


The method combining morphology characteristics with pathogenic experiments was always used for detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(FOC).Because it was time-consuming and the experiment result was affected by many factors,this method was not good for the fast prevention and control of banana wilt disease.The purpose of this study was to establish a molecular detection method of banana pathogens FOC4 by internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequencing and a specific molecular markers technology of sequenced characterized amplified region(SCAR).At first,the ITS region of strain SF001 was amplified with general primers(ITS1/ITS4) and obtained about 560bp special band.The fungus was identified as FOC by Blast analysis.Then,the SCAR of strain SF001 was amplified using special primers (PCL/PDL) and unique sequence of FOC4 was obtained.The strain SF001 was identified as FOC4.The strain was demonstrated by the typical pathological features of FOC4 by pathogenic test.


Background Osteoporosis is a disease of low bone density, micro-architectural destruction, increased bone fragility and susceptibility to low trauma fractures1, leading to increased morbidity and mortality with a 2–3 fold increased risk of further fractures1–2. Prompt diagnosis and optimal management of osteoporosis prevents further fractures1–2. The aim of screening is to identify those with greatest risk of sustaining a low trauma fracture who would benefit from intervention, as well as identifying other pathology including malignancy, presenting similarly. It is well documented that the majority of patients presenting with fragility fractures are neither appropriately assessed nor treated for osteoporosis3–4. Objectives To assess compliance in screening for secondary causes of osteoporosis in all patients admitted with Neck of femur (NOF) fracture, comparing this to local CCG (Clinical Commissioning Group) guidelines. Methods Retrospective data collection from electronic records of all patients admitted from May- July 2015 who sustained a NOF fracture. Data was collected re: screening for myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, coeliac and thyroid disease, with baseline full blood count, liver function tests, renal function, Vitamin D, bone profile and testosterone within 48hours of admission. Results A total of 85 patients were identified as having sustained a NOF fracture during this period. 68% were female. The majority were postmenopausal (mean age: 85yrs; range: 73–99 yrs). Full blood count and renal function were performed in all, liver function tests in 64% and bone profile and vitamin D in 36% and 34% respectively. C-reactive protein was performed in 40% vs ESR in 1.2%. Only 3 and 4 patients were assessed for parathyroid and thyroid dysfunction respectively. No patient was fully screened for myeloma or coeliac disease. Of the 27 male patients all were over 70years old and none had their testosterone levels checked. Conclusions Overall, recommended screening tests for osteoporosis were inconsistent and incomplete, which is in keeping with the current literature. Patients that were cared for in the orthopaedic and geriatric setting who have sustained a NOF fracture should have the above baseline tests. We have recommended a single tick box to encompass the above "osteoporosis bloods" on our electronic requesting system. All patients with a confirmed fracture should also be referred to our fracture liaison nurse for further evaluation and instigation of treatment. Junior doctors undergoing an orthopaedic rotation should have training in evaluating for secondary causes of osteoporosis. References Johnell O, Kanis JA (2006) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis International 17: 1726–33. Bliuc D, Nguyen ND, Milch VE, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Center JR (2009) Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women. JAMA 301 (5):513–521. Giangregorio L, Papaioannou A, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Adachi JD (2006) Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: an international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35(5):293–305. Leslie WD, Giangregorio LM, Yogendran M, Azimaee M, Morin S, Metge C, et al. (2012) A population-based analysis of the post-fracture care gap 1996–2008: the situation is not improving. Osteoporos Int 23(5):1623–1629. Disclosure of Interest None declared


A new concept in reproductive endocrinology is that the status of the ovary as a glucocorticoid target organ alters with follicular development. Evidence for a physiological role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis has been strengthened by the discovery that 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) mRNA expression in human granulosa cells is developmentally regulated. In this study, we quantified the pattern of expression and investigated the cellular location of 11βHSD type 1 (11βHSD1), 11βHSD type 2 (11βHSD2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNAs during follicular maturation in rat ovary. Immature female rats received treatment with eCG to induce preovulatory follicular development or eCG followed by hCG to induce luteinization. 11βHSD1, 11βHSD2, GR, and MR mRNAs were all detectable by ribonuclease protection assay in ovarian total RNA. Treatment with eCG alone caused an ∼8-fold increase in the ovarian level of 11βHSD1 mRNA, which rose to ∼30-fold after additional treatment with hCG. Equine CG alone did not measurably affect the ovarian 11βHSD2 mRNA level, but additional treatment with hCG reduced it to 34% of the control level. Expression of GR mRNA was unchanged by any gonadotropin treatment, while MR mRNA was down-regulated. A similar pattern of 11βHSD1, 11βHSD2, GR, and MR mRNA expression was observed in isolated granulosa cells. These results provide direct experimental evidence that 11βHSD genes are gonadotropically regulated in the rat ovary, including granulosa cells, and are consistent with a shift in glucocorticoid metabolism from inactivation (due to oxidation by 11βHSD2) to activation (reduction by 11βHSD1) during hCG-induced granulosa cell luteinization.


Any limited and closed system has own energy which depends on the speed of her movement and situation concerning Space of Nothing.


Brazilian Amazonian peasantries have attracted relatively little scholarly attention, and even with the opening up of Amazonia via the TransAmazon Highway (c.1970) and a significant expansion of social science research in the region, recent frontier colonists and environmental crises have been the major foci. This article examines some of the factors contributing to the relative invisibility of historical peasantries in the region and tries to show the relevance of such peasantries to debates concerning agrarian structure, economic transformation and state-led modernization efforts. A key feature in the portrayal of Amazonian peasantries (and Amerindians) has been the unique role attributed to the neo-humid tropical landscape in restricting the possibilities for an elaborated social landscape. Drawing on anthropological, archaeological and historical studies, the article advances the notion that these simplifying assumptions are unwarranted and are impediments not only to a more accurate understanding of the legacy of colonial society in Amazonia, but also to efforts to mitigate social conflict and environmental depredation. The visibility of Amazonian peasantries in scholarly or general literature has been highly variable over time. Currently and in the recent past, the activities of the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and the Rubber Tappers Union (CNS)(see glossary) have provided concrete examples of what an Amazonian peasantry might represent, but these are hardly representative of the diversity of Amazonian peasantries, and in the main, Amazonian peasantries have tended to be subsumed under a rigid structure of naturalism within which social life – whether Indian or mestiço – is treated as contingent and burdened by what Blaut [1994: 70] has referred to as the 'Doctrine of Tropical Nastiness'. The main purpose of this article is to try to account for the relative absence of studies of Brazilian Amazonian peasantries from the anthropological and


It is an object to obtain an audio and video communication system that can simultaneously carry out transmitting and receiving between a large number of nodes and that can flexibly deal with participation or release of a new node. The audio and video communication system couples many nodes with complete binary tree structure. When the complete binary tree structure composes a group, a root node links a new node to a left subordinate node connecting portion and adds 1 to weight information of the left subordinate node if the left subordinate node connecting portion is vacant; the root node links the new node to a right subordinate node connecting portion and adds 1 to weight information of the right subordinate node if the left subordinate node connecting portion is not vacant and the right subordinate node connecting portion is vacant; or otherwise and if the weight information of the left subordinate node is not more than that of the right subordinate, the root node inquires of the left subordinate node addition of a new node and adds 1 to the weight information of the left subordinate node; and if the weight information of the left subordinate node is more than that of the right subordinate, the root node inquires of the right subordinate node addition of a new node and adds 1 to the weight information of the right subordinate node.


Mt Kilimanjaro has been repeatedly climbed by botanical collectors some of whom, such as Volkens (1855 1917), P. J. Greenway (1897 1980) and H. J. Schlieben (1902 1975), spent some months on the mountain. However, John Grimshaw of the Animal Ecology Research Group, Dept. of Zoology, Oxford has recently managed to find undescribed plants on the northern side. Zehneria Endl., based on Z. baueriana Endl. described from Norfolk Island, has about 30 species in the Old World tropics of which 11 occur in Tanzania, with one, Z. scabra (L. f.) Sond., extending to India, Java and the Philippines. Grimshaw handed over to me several plants he had been unable to name and I at first considered the Zehneria to be a form of Z. scabra and could in fact match it at Kew


Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has become a popular technique for biomedical diagnosis. However, current systems are overly complex or use bulky piezoelectric materials, necessitating options other than these methods for future PAI systems. In this study, a wearable transparent ultrasonic transducer was developed and applied in a PAI system with excellent performance. The acoustic sensor was fabricated with a sandwich structure consisting of 150 nm thick amorphous indium tin oxide on both sides of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$110~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> commercial polyvinylidene fluoride film. This single-element sensor exhibited the performance of a 6.7 MHz center frequency, an 86.3% −3 dB fractional bandwidth, and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\times20\,\,\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 36 mm3 volumetric imaging field. Modified imaging phantoms were made to evaluate the lateral resolution, imaging depth, ability to make a convex photoacoustic image, quality of 3D imaging, and capability to perform PAI directly in the ambient environment with a customized phantom. In summary, the study has demonstrated the sensor's potential for large-field PAI application in wearable health devices at a low cost.


Ferroelectric HfO2 is an attractive candidate for future ferroelectric random access memory devices due to its compatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process, conformal deposition, and scaling ability. Crystallization of HfO2 with different dopants and annealing conditions can produce the stabilization of the monoclinic, tetragonal, cubic, or orthorhombic crystal phases. In this work, the authors observe ferroelectric behavior in Si-doped hafnium oxide with TiN and Ir electrodes. Atomic layer deposited 10 nm HfO2 capacitors doped with varying concentrations of SiO2 have been fabricated in the metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) structure. The ferroelectric characteristics of thin film HfO2 are compared in the MFIS and metal–ferroelectric–metal configurations. Post-metallization anneals were applied to all thin film ferroelectric HfO2 capacitors, resulting in a remanent polarization of up to 22 μC/cm2 and a range of observed coercive voltages, emphasizing the importan...


Background: Non-drug treatments should be systematically associated to the medical analgesic treatment during the terminal phase of cancer. Cases presentation: Patient 1, a 23-year-old woman, presented an adenocarcinoma of the rectum, with liver and lung metastases. Pain was initially treated by oral morphine and a combination of pregabalin and amitriptyline. Ketamine and intrathecal administration of morphine were both ineffective. Patient 2, a 69-year-old woman, presented a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. She was admitted to the palliative care unit with mixed pain related to cutaneous lymphomatous infiltration. World Health Organization (WHO) step 3 analgesics had not been tolerated. Cases management: Both patients received five consecutive 20-min sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the right motor cortex. Cases outcome: Patient 1 experienced a marked improvement of her pain over the days following the first repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation session. Medical treatment was able to be rapidly decreased by about 50%, which restored an almost normal level of consciousness and lucidity. Patient 2's pain was also markedly decreased over the days following these five consecutive sessions, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation also appeared to have had a beneficial effect on the patient's anxiety and mood. Conclusion: In the context of palliative care of cancer patients experiencing refractory pain that is difficult to control by the usual treatments, motor cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, due to its noninvasive nature, can be used as an adjuvant therapy to improve various components of pain, including the emotional components. By reducing the doses of analgesics, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases the severity of their adverse effects and improves the patient's quality of life.


Colonel Francis W. Parker's theory of expression, as he states it in "Talks on Pedagogics/' as he taught it, and much more, demonstrated it, in the Chicago Normal School, has been the working basis for the development of the social ideal in thè Francis W. Parker School. . Purpose of this Year Book. It is the intention of the faculty to describe in the present Year Book representative examples of work in expression as it has developed during the last thirteen years under the influence of this theory. The teachers realize that it can probably be made thoroughly intelligible only to those who have seen it worked out, in this school or elsewhere, to a reasonable degree of effectiveness, but the attempt will be made to present, as clearly as may be, certain characteristic examples of methods and results. The point of view throughout is that of the person who believes our human relationships to be of such vital importance that all measures for the education of children are to be judged by their results in conduct. The Conditions Necessary for Expression. There has been opportunity to test the theory by more or less consistent practice under favorable conditions in this school. It is a small, independent school, in which a fair proportion of the students begin in the lower grades and remain with us a number of years. Most of the classes are small, twenty being considered a satisfactory maximum for a grade. Many of the groupings result in much smaller classes, a few in larger ones. Intimate acquaintance with every child is essential to our scheme. The atmosphere of the school has always been one of great freedom and good spirits for both teachers and pupils, with the smallest element of arbitrary rule and the greatest possible stress upon motive. A certain flexibility in the program, secured through skilful arrangement of periods, and through the co-operation of the faculty with special teachers, has provided for expression in every form, and has made it an organic part of the whole growth process. The grade teachers have contributed much towards this end, both through their own skill and through their understanding of the special teacher's functions and problems.


As a large amount of Web services are made available today, the need for a sophisticated and fully automated discovery mechanism becomes a crucial task. Existing syntactic keywords based discovery techniques fail to recognize similarities between Web services capabilities and thus have a very limited search scope. To address this issue we propose in this paper a novel discovery framework based on logical, lexical and corpus reasoning. Our proposed framework employs some computational linguistics techniques to format and extract useful semantic information from user query expressed in natural English language. It also performs a hybrid matchmaking that combines several semantic similarity techniques to efficiently discover the most appropriate services to user requirements. We implemented our proposed approach in a prototype system called OWLS-LLCR.


I will assume the standard definition for "sentence of L." The metasymbols R, Rλ, R2, . . . will be used to refer to sentences of L. In addition, I will presuppose the standard theory of two-valued truth tables. I will say that a sentence of L is logically true (LT) if and only if the final column of its truth table has only T's. I will say that a sentence of I is logically false (LF) if and only if the final column of its truth table has only F's. I will say that two sentences Rλ and R2 of L are logically equivalent (Rγ LE R2) if and only if the sentence (Rγ & R2) v (Ί RX & iR2) is LT.


Based on the teaching reform program funded by Dalian University of Technology,some test practices in the teaching of the Brief Introduction to Communication Techniques course for the automation major are carried on. The main contents of the course are including optical fiber,satellite communications and wireless communications as well. The basic principles,applications of the techniques as well as the developments and the innovations in them are presented in this course. According to the knowledge background of the undergraduate students of automation major,the drafting of the syllabus,the writing of the textbook and arrangement of the teaching contents are dealt with carefully,and the multimedia courseware is adapted in practical teaching. The teaching practices show that those measures make the course to be easily understood by the students,and the satisfied results have been obtained.


Much has been written on the phenomenon of the underachievement of gifted females; its frequency, implications and causes. If we are to redress this problem, effective strategies must be implemented which address the multiple issues concerned. The objective of this paper is to firstly summarise the reasons for underachievement, and secondly present an overview of the programs and strategies recommended and in some cases, implemented, which aim to prevent and/or rectify this. "It is a national tragedy that a mere handful of gifted women have attained eminence while the remainder accept obscurity. How long can society continue to squander the brilliance of gifted women? How long will gifted women stand on the threshold of self actualisation, not taking steps that would fulfil their dreams because they might inconvenience someone? " (Kerr, 1985, page 167)


In this article, we have introduced some new types of sets such as  strongly dense,   strongly nowhere dense,  strongly first category sets , strongly nowhere residual sets and their attributes are explained briefly. Also by making use of these we have retrieved  strongly Baire space and its properties are to be described.


Intraoperative relaxation of brain tissue is one of the important factors affecting the quality and successful outcome of neurosurgical interventions. Despite many clinical studies on the problem of brain bulging, many issues remain not fully resolved. First of all, these are safety aspects of the preventive and therapeutic use of various strategies to fight this phenomenon, development of indications for introduction of hyperosmotic solutions, and use of hyperventilation or lifting of the head end of the operating table.


Towards the end of 2019 a remarkable publication on identification systems in Africa was published in The Economist. The article contained a, for The Economist, unusual number of errors and spurious claims, but also was so specific that its provenance and genesis were suspect. In an underhand, indirect way the article held the Indian Aadhaar system up as a good practice example, while depicting the development of identification systems in Africa as a struggle (if not a failure). Some of the content of the article reads more as a sales document than an article for The Economist would normally be written, and would be scrutinized to avoid the newspaper would be seen as an extension of private interests. By the end of 2019 India experienced one of its most serious public upheavals in the last few decades. The unrest was caused by the Modi government's passing of the Citizenship Amendment Act, which became commonly seen as discriminatory vis-à-vis Indians of the Muslim faith. At the same time the registration of people living in the state of Assam in the population register resulted in the de facto statelessness of 1.6 million people — 70% of which actually being of the Hindu faith. The minister of Home Affairs was speaking of "illegal immigrants" as "termites". In this environment charged by the anxiety of millions who suddenly wondered about proof of their own citizenship, the article in The Economist could not have been more poorly timed. But the article also lacks any reference to the problems around Aadhaar (that provides no solution to the citizenship question), as if in India no opposition existed (and exists) against Aadhaar. An article that The Economist published a year earlier is much more nuanced and "studied" for example. Rather awkward, the 2019 article here reviewed suggests that Africa's problems can be solved by the use of open source software, such as was used for Aadhaar. It is hard not to conclude that the reviewed 2019 article is not an independent piece but an attempt to sell Africa a "solution" that India can provide it. The idea is preposterous and shows that however much the (ghost) author may know about Aadhaar, s/he has understood little if anything about what the actual identity management problems are in Africa, and what is needed for their solution. What remains is the question: "Who planted the story, and who at The Economist let the newspaper be taken for a ride?"


This article presents a survey conducted on behalf of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation into the causes of the decline of trade unions and of their potential in the western Balkans. The survey stems from a major concern that the social challenges of the transformation have led people to be more in need of a trade union than ever before but that the loss of the obligation to be a union member and the switch in the role of the union from that which applied before the transition have led to membership trends and union activities not keeping pace with what would seem to be required. The study explores as causes the institutional structure, trade union capacity and workplace representation, collective bargaining practice and coverage, the right to strike, the role of minimum wages, the state of the social dialogue and the record of implementation on employee and trade union rights. It concludes that trade union organisations are in no place to meet these challenges on their own and, therefore, that avenues for social dialogue projects within the structure of European pre-accession support funds need to be explored.


Oats is essential for agricultural production and processing industry due to the unique biochemical composition of its grain. Thus, it is very important to study the biological and morphometric features of oats. The length and area of the plant's organs can establish a degree of comfort of growing conditions and determine during which period of plant's life the external weather conditions changed. Phytomers are basic repetitive functional units of the oat shoot. This paper presents the description and parameters of development of oat shoot metamers, namely, the identification of growth patterns of terrestrial vegetative metamers of oat shoots and their parts. The experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2018. The weather conditions of the specified years varied greatly – 2013 and 2014 were the most favorable in terms of humidification and precipitation, while 2018 was a very dry one. The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase. According to our observations, the absolute growth rate of oats was negligible and increased from 0.01 to 0.5 mm/d when the air temperature varied from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, when the air temperature reached about 20 °C, the absolute growth rate increased from 0.5 mm/d to almost 2 mm/d. We also found the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place. Thus, the first internode starts to grow the effective temperature sum of up to 117 °C is with the accumulated while the panicle starts growing when the effective temperature sum of up to 668 °C is accumulated. The growth of both the seventh internode and the panicle stops at the same time when the effective temperature sum of up to 1173 °C is accumulated. The ontogeny of oat shoots has a regular sequence of growth and development of terrestrial vegetative shoot metamers and their parts. The average growth duration of oat stem internode duting the years of research constituted 9 days for the first internode, 30 days for the seventh internode and 26 days for the panicle .


ABSTRACT Drilling of polymer composites by means of traditional tools does cause a significant amount of damage to the surface. The forces generated during drilling are the major factors that exert an influence on hole quality. This makes the design and development of the drill geometries an area of paramount importance. Over the years, several tools have been developed and commercialized to minimize the damage induced by drilling. In this technical paper, we presented and discussed about an innovative tool point geometry that was designed, developed, and implemented for the purpose of investigating the drilling performance of composite laminates. The performance of the developed drill bit is compared with extensively used twist drill bit in reference to the drilling induced forces and damage. The input parameters considered are tool point geometry, speed, and feed. Results of this investigation reveal that both forces and damage are significantly reduced when holes are produced using the developed drill bit.


This article examines the work of an imaginary Institute for Advanced Study in Civil Rights as a model of changed oriented knowledge production, preferably in a major research university in the Deep South. The work of this Institute covers the span of the finished and unfinished business and unanticipated consequences in both respects for the 1940s–1960s sociological generation of African American civil rights leaders and their non–African American allies, as well as post-1960s issues this generation was unable to see or comprehend.


Many scholars of common-pool resources have found that institutions might solve the tragedy of the commons. I address a particular situation of natural resource management: that of a protected area. In this situation, interests differ. Local rural inhabitants care about the quality of their environment but also need to exploit the resources for livelihood reasons. An external entity such as the State, a donor, an NGO, or some combination thereof decides that there is a need for nature conservation in that area. Because of some evidence of failure for a strictly top-down conservationist approach, the external entity decides to apply the concept of participatory conservation: the local inhabitants become stakeholders in the management of the area and become collectively responsible for conservation, with rights to exploit the resources up to some degree. I argue that project designers try to find a solution to nature conservation through the creation of a situation of a commons: creating a community that has rights and duties toward a particular natural area that is endowed with some resources. Many scholars rely mostly on institutions that are endogenously created within the users' community to avoid the tragedy of the commons. However, what happens if institutions are imposed? In participatory conservation initiatives, the community has collective rights over the resources, and in this sense, the issue of endogenous rules for the commons management is relevant. However, the level to which the community should exploit the resource is usually imposed by the external project designers. Using agent-based simulations, I develop a theoretical model to look at the consequences of an imposed institution on the state of a forest and on the users' profit, taking into account the possibilities of violating the imposed rules and facing enforcement. I compare the consequences of this imposed institution with those deriving from an endogenously created institution. I also analyze the interaction between the different kinds of institutions and the individual perceptions of each agent. Many results of the model confirm the quantitative and qualitative findings of the literature: the presence of institutions and enforcement improve the management of the resource with respect to an open-access situation, with different degree of success depending on the kind of institution in place. The two main counterintuitive findings are the following. First, an exogenous institution imposed by external agents may crowd out agents' intrinsic environmental motivations. Second, when an imposed exogenous institution is in place, the most effective rule is one allowing a sufficient degree of access to resources for the agents, provided that adequate rule enforcement is implemented.


A new tracking framework based on online learning was presented to solve the problem of lack of supervision in current tracking method.The proposed technique uses a tracker based on SURF,and a detector based on random forest.During the tracking,the online learning runs simultaneously from positive samples which were selected based on the similarity threshold.This mechanism abstain the decrease of detection precision from learning of negative samples.The detector can find the target and re-initialize the tracker after its failure.Then a strong tracking solution is obtained by the integration of a tracking algorithm,an online learning process and a detection algorithm.Experimental results of different video show that the proposed method can greatly improve the robustness of target tracking method under complex surrounding such as appearance change,partial and full occlusions.


From the perspectives of Implement and Dao,the present paper analyzes the values of Implement and Dao in Taijiquan.It shows that Taiqiquan is a cultural system of human physical skills rooted in the traditional Taiji image thinking with emphasis on both Implement and Dao.It has such cultural values as understanding Tao and cultivating skills by pursuing Implement and reserving health by way of Implement and Dao,which constitutes the fundamental reason for the wide recognition and transmission of Taijiquan.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), also known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, is a technique for creating detailed images of the human body. In this special issue, we intend to invite front-line researchers and authors to submit original researches and review articles on exploring magnetic resonance imaging. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:


Freud wrote to Romain Rolland in March 1923: ". . . your name has been associated with the most precious of beautiful illusions, that of love extended to all mankind. But a great part of my life has been spent [trying to] destroy illusions of my own and those of mankind" (E. Freud, 1970, p. 346). In his correspondence with Rolland, Freud was impressed with Rolland's ability to transcend the scientific and be able to emotionally relate to others in brotherly love. This major difference between Freud and Rolland came to the fore after Freud sent Rolland a copy of The Future of an Illusion (Freud, 1927). Rolland expressed disappointment that Freud had neglected to include subjective feelings, which Rolland called: "a sensation of 'eternity,' a feeling as of something limitless, unbounded—as it were, 'oceanic'" (Freud, 1930, p. 64). (See Jones, 1974, p. 594.) Freud, the scientist, noted: "I cannot discover this 'oceanic' feeling in myself. It is not easy to deal scientifically with feelings (1930, p. 65) . . . it is very difficult for me to work with these almost intangible qualities" (1930, p. 72). Since these amorphous feelings could not be defined objectively, Freud did not investigate the intangible. He never stated that these feelings did not exist, they just were not part of his Weltanschauung. He admired


The purpose of designing the system for receiving orders and sales, which designed the system for receiving and re-sales of existing into a new system using a computer. on the system for receiving orders and sales of long daily activities are still done manually. From the observation that writing done, where orders received by the sales field is then handed goto the administrative orders and sales receipts each day an average sales area to receive one hundred and fifty orders. with the order then there are problems concerning the calculation of inventory, monthly reports and when there are errors in recording it must be doing a fairly complicated repairs. Of the problems that arise that may arise it is advisable to use a computer with a database system. using a computer system reports can be generated sales orders more orderly and timely sales reports every month. report in order items must be returned at anytime if needed and facilitate the recording of sales in support of this it must provide information to customers about the types of goods available and their price and the item code and notify you when you change the codes. in customer ordering code list requisitioned to facilitate data entry order


Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in the developed world. It also remains one of the most complex diseases to treat. According to the American Cancer Society prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.While the advent of PSA (prostate specific antigen) testing has shifted detection from late-stage disease to early-stage disease, it has also raised the challenge of distinguishing between fast-growing cancers that must be treated aggressively versus slow-growing cancers that may not become clinically significant in a patient's life. At the same time it gives us the option to detect clinically meaningful prostate cancers at a disease state that is most likely curable.


Escherichia coli harboring a recombinant plasmid was cultivated in fed‐batch culture to enhance production of a gene product. Expression of the leucine gene from Thermus thermophilus in the recombinant plasmid was examined by the assay of β‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity at 75°C. When E. coli was cultivated in medium without leucine, biomass concentration reached 15 g/L and the specific activity became 0.082 U/mg protein. When leucine was fed in the medium throughout cultivation, although biomass concentration reached 63 g/L, the specific activity decreased to 0.016 U/mg protein. When E. coli was cultivated in medium containing 1 g leucine/L, the specific activity remained virtually constant (about 0.13 U/mg protein) and biomass concentration reached 32 g dry cells/L. In these cultivations, growth yields of several amino acids and glucose were examined. When leucine was not added to the medium, growth yields except for histidine were lowest. When leucine was fed throughout the cultivation, growth yields of glucose and tryptophan were highest. The pH‐stat was useful for feeding amino acids.


Among the many radical changes taking place in England in the 1850's, none surpasses the milestone of Darwin's Origin of Species, published in 1859. Yet Dickens's Bleak House, written in 1852-53, clothes British institutions in devolutionary imagery to suggest that they, like Tennyson's nature, are "red in tooth and claw." Clearly, both writers were working in a milieu charged with evolutionary hypotheses.1 Dickens's anti-intellectual reputation does not prepare us to appreciate his profound attack on the ethics implied by current scientific theory.2 Also, the works of Chambers and Spencer, propounders of evolutionary theory in the forties and fifties, have been eclipsed by Darwin's more scientific and humane exposition. Tracing Dickens's inversion of their theories shows that the topicality of Bleak House is not limited to condemning social evils. The patterns of imagery, narration, and plot of this novel dramatize the destructive effect of progressive evolutionary ethics. As Eleanor B. Mattes has shown, Tennyson was well read in the natural sciences.3 Dickens, on the other hand, as a journalist kept abreast of current events. One of the sensations of the 1840's was Chambers's Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, published anonymously in 1844.4 That Dickens was familiar with Chambers's work is apparent from his praise, in a review of Robert Hunt's Poetry of Science (1848), of the popularization of science in "that remarkable and well-abused book, The Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation."5 This popular synthesis of evolutionary theory went through ten editions in a decade and precipitated fifteen volumes of rebuttal by 1849.6 Although his methods were amateurish, Chambers extended the uniformitar ian theory developed by Lyell and other geologists to biological evolution, later verified and elucidated by Darwin's concept of the process of natural selection. Unlike Darwin's humanistic tone, Chambers's rhetoric echoes Benthamism:


This article uses the literature material method, interview method, questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics and other research methods, on six ordinary institutions of higher learning in the Nanchang city in Jiangxi province, Jiangxi normal University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi normal University of science and technology, east China Jiaotong University, Nanchang institute of technology, Nanchang institute of technology, 300 college students of sports lifestyle in the investigation and analysis, from college students' interest in sports, sports consumption, sports, health consciousness, such as Angle analysis, and aimed at college students' sports life style these existing problems, and puts forward related suggestions.


In the last several decades there has been an exponential growth in the number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). In addition to creating a wide overlap of substantive rights and obligations with the World Trade Organisation, many RTAs are also equipped with legalized dispute settlement mechanisms, which operate independently from the compulsory, automatic and exclusive system of WTO dispute settlement. This parallel of substantive commitments and legalised mechanisms may potentially result in conflicts of jurisdiction where a single dispute is submitted simultaneously or consecutively to both fora. It has been well addressed in various studies that if such conflicts arise, there is currently no legal rule that can satisfactorily determine which forum should have jurisdiction. As a result, multiple proceedings appear unavoidable. This article seeks to offer a new way to look into the jurisdictional tension between the WTO and RTAs. It will be argued that in the absence of effective rules to determine jurisdictional priority, Article 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties may provide a practical and useful technique to minimise the negative consequences of multiple proceedings, i.e. inconsistent interpretations and findings over essentially the same disputes.


The cobalt-containing thin film formation method by vapor deposition process is provided. The method includes the use of one or more precursors for the structural formula (I): Wherein R, R x is 0, 1, or 2; y is 0 or 1 provided that, x and y are not both are 0 at the same time.


FOR MArNY YEARs hereditary predisposition has been suspected as constituting one of the basic factors in the development of atopic hypersensitivity in an individual. It is the purpose of the present work to study more closely the possible genetic mechanisms involved in this condition and to test hypotheses of action of these mechanisms in the various forms of atopy. Atopic hypersensitivity has been defined in many different ways (Boyd, 1947; Zinsser, Enders, and Fothergill, 1939). Common to all these definitions is the statement that heredity governs predisposition to atopy. Walzer (194850) points out that the definition of atopic allergy (hypersensitivity) must be limited as to the type of heredity involved. Other atopic-like conditions in man exist that have an hereditary predisposition, but these forms are not known to have a basic immunological mechanism similar to those for which the term atopy was described (Coca, 1945). From the suggestions of Walzer (1948-50), a definition of atopic hypersensitivity may be formulated for purposes of the present work as a group of allergic diseases that are subject to similar hereditary predispositions and that have similar basic antigen-antibody mechanisms (Boyd, 1947; Campbell et al, 1950; Coca and Grove, 1925a, b; Levine and Coca, 1926; Sherman and Hebold, 1940-41). The antigen is called an atopen and the antibody is termed reagin. In addition to reagin, an "immune" or blocking antibody has been found to be associated with many atopens (Cooke et al, 1935; Loveless, 1940; Scully and Rackemann, 1940-41). This "immune" type of antibody inhibits the action of the atopen-reagin mechanism. Since the inhibition occurs only in atopic cases which have received desensitization treatment (Loveless, 1940), its presence will not have any adverse effect on hereditary studies. The history of hereditary studies on atopic hypersensitivity is not very extensive although it began more than thirty years ago. The works of Cooke and VanderVeer (1916), Adkinson (1920), Spain and Cooke (1924), Coca (1926-27), Smith (1928), Balyeat (1928), Bray (1930-31) prompted the state-


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game system capable of implementing a game operation command normally implemented by complex operation procedures via a simple operation and provide an information memory medium. SOLUTION: A command list 14 of tricks played when the button of a game controller is operated in the prescribed operation procedures is displayed to a player. When the player selects a trick and pushes a button B, the key record of the trick is allocated to a game button L. When the player pushes the button L, a character 20 plays the trick of the allocated key record. The allocated information of the key record is stored on a memory card so that the allocation is effective when a power supply is turned on next time. The data of the command list are read from the outside via an information memory medium or a communication circuit to offer exclusive secret tricks to the player. The command list 14 is displayed during the game so that the key record can be allocated to the button L. A handicap is set by allowing or prohibiting the key record. COPYRIGHT: (C)2001,JPO


One of the most important categories of figures in Computer Animation is the articulatedfigure. There are three ways of animating these linked figures:1. by recreating the tools used by traditional animators2. by simulating the physical laws which govern motion in the real world3. by simulating the behavioral laws which govern the interaction between the objects. The first approach corresponds to methods heavily relied upon by the animator:rotoscopy, shape transformation, parametric keyframe animation (see Chapter 8). Thesecond way guarantees a realistic motion by using kinematics and dynamics. The problemwith this type of animation is controlling the motion produced. The third type of animationis called behavioral animation and takes into account the relationship between each objectand the other objects. Moreover the control of animation may be performed at a task- level. In summary, at a time t, the methodology of calculating the 3D scene is as follows:1. for a keyframe system: by interpolating the values of parameters at given key times2. in a dynamic-based system: by calculating the positions from the motion equationsobtained with forces and torques3. for a behavioral animation system: by automatic planning of the motion of anobject based on information about the environment (decor and other objects).Although the problems to solve are not exactly the same, there is a lot to learn inhuman animation from robot motion. In this chapter, we try to summarize roboticstechniques which are used or could be used for the task-level animation of articulated bodies.Simulation of behavior is also briefly discussed.


The paper gives an overview on the most relevant fracture mechanics issues for railway components. The topics addressed include safety relevant railway components such as axles, wheels and rails.


Several years ago Wassermann, Neisser and Bruck 1 published an article giving a method for the diagnosis of syphilis by examination of the blood. The experiments on which this method had been based were made on monkeys. Shortly thereafter appeared a brief clinical report by Detre and an extensive one by Neisser, Bruck and Schlicht, whose work had been chiefly directed toward demonstrating syphilitic antigen in extracts of blood corpuscles. These were soon followed by reports from Wassermann and Plaut, Schutze, Morgenroth and Stertz, Marie and Levaditi, Citron, Fleischmann and Butler, and others. In the communication of Fleischmann and Butler, which was the first to appear in the English literature, the principles and technie of the serum reaction were set forth in detail, and the conclusions contained in this article in regard to diagnosis and therapy of syphilis based on the serum reaction have been confirmed by


A two-maximum altitude structure was observed in the glow produced by a beam of high energy electrons entering the ionosphere; this structure agrees with theory which takes into account the effect of collisions on the dynamics of strong Langmuir turbulence excited by the beam.


This mixed methods study will include a scoping review of national and international literature followed by an epidemiological study of callers at the all Wales level exploring health outcomes through anonymised linked data. We will also explore the views of patients using qualitative Bio-photographic interview method with a follow up interview at six months and use focus groups with care providers from across primary and emergency care and the third sector. We will use generalised linear model to analyse quantitative data and qualitative data will be analysed thematically.


10 kinds of control treatments against plaster disease in Castanea mollissima were tested.The results showed that tung oil,vaseline,cupric sulphate 50 times,sodium hydroxide 10 times and slop were more effective treatments with over 90% of control efficiency,moreover,diesel oil,20% of limewater,bordeaux mixture((1∶1∶50))were secondary ones with 80%~90% of control efficiency,while 50% of bavistin and 1% of saline solution were worse ones with less than 70% of control efficiency.The comprehensive valuation of control treatment was quantitatively analyzed and the order of value from high to low was slop,vaseline,cupric sulphate,sodium hydroxide,limewater,bordeaux mixture,tung oil,saline solution,diesel oil,bavistin.The first five kinds of treatments were suggested to be used for controlling plaster disease,because they had good control efficiency,without pollution to environment and trees,and were easy to be extended at plaster disease occurring areas.


This article aims at exploring contemporary linguistic polite behaviour, starting from what the phrase "basic upbringing" means to current locutors, in relation to some of the precepts promoted by the Christian religion. In my markedly theoretical endeavour, I turn to methodology pertaining to psycholinguistics, pragmatics, conversation theory and theology.


In [5], Hjorth proved that for every countable ordinal $\alpha$, there exists a complete $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}$-sentence $\phi_\alpha$ that has models of all cardinalities less than or equal to $\aleph_\alpha$, but no models of cardinality $\aleph_{\alpha+1}$. Unfortunately, his solution does not yield a single $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}$-sentence $\phi_\alpha$, but a set of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}$-sentences, one of which is guaranteed to work. It was conjectured in [9] that it is independent of the axioms of ZFC which of these sentences has the desired property. In the present paper, we prove that this conjecture is true. More specifically, we isolate a diagonalization principle for functions from $\omega_1$ to $\omega_1$ which is a consequence of the Bounded Proper Forcing Axiom (BPFA) and then we use this principle to prove that Hjorth's solution to characterizing $\aleph_2$ in models of BPFA is different than in models of CH. In addition, we show that large cardinals are not needed to obtain this independence result by proving that our diagonalization principle can be forced over models of CH.


Taking the expressway work around city as example the construction technology of asphalt concrete with PR PLASTS is introduced. The matters needing attention in construction are summarized, which is efficient in eliminate the influences of hot weather on asphalt concrete pavement.


Effect of reprocessing on poiy(ethylene terephthalate), PET, is studied . While mechanical properties show slight decrease, the weight-average molecular weight, drops more notably . Blends of 20 wive % recycled PET with virgin PET show practically the same mechanical properties with its M" slightly lower than virgin PET. The results suggest that mechanical blending can be used for recycling purposes without sacrificing useful properties of the virgin PET, and to reduce raw material cost In bottle fabrication.


Spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma and methylcholanthrene sarcoma were transplanted into mice bearing sarcoma 180. An increase of basophilia was observed in the liver cells and is described at different time intervals after transplantation. Such increase is due to ribonucleoproteins and has been demonstrated by means of a modified Giemsa method, here described. The meaning of the phenomenon is discussed, basing on the present knowledge about liver changes induced by tumours. The obtained data suggest the hypothesis that some substances released by the tumour may enter into circulation, causing an alteration of the liver metabolism (consisting in a prevalence of the reproductive phenomena on the functional ones).


Emergency situations at the oil wells are often caused by the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. Removal of harmful deposits increases the efficiency of production wells, increases the turnaround time, prevents emergencies, and, also, reduces the likelihood of an explosive environment. According to the industrial safety requirements for hazardous production facilities it is necessary to take measures to eliminate the causes and prevent such accidents. Therefore, it is required to ensure timely efficient removal of deposits, which in turn requires the improvement of methods and technologies for cleaning wells. Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg LLC uses the technology of the wells heat treatment by means of injection of heated gas condensate. The thermal method of removal has a significant disadvantage, such as melting of the deposits instead of dissolving them, which leads to a rapid buildup of wax on the inner walls of the oilfield equipment. The method is proposed for removing asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits using a modified hydrocarbon solvent, which is obtained experimentally based of the stable gas condensate of the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field using cavitation-vortex effect. The new method is presented for obtaining a solvent by separating a gas condensate fraction using the single evaporation device operating at low temperatures. This method eliminates the influence of high temperatures traditionally used in the fractionating columns for separating gas condensate into fractions and ensures the safety of the technological process and labor of the employees.


The advent of 5G communication systems introduces dedicated vehicular communication to our cities and highways, and along with it comes a host of multimedia services and safety applications. With low latency and high reliability being the order of the day for vehicular systems, this paper addresses the resource allocation issues associated with the existing 3GPP LTE Rel. 14 V2X specification. These issues will inevitably impact various V2X services ranging from safety critical to multimedia services. An enhanced reporting mechanism is proposed to alleviate the burden of number of resource collisions for V2X users. The simulation results reveal that the enhanced reporting mechanism to aid the base station in resource allocation, reduces the number of collisions by 50%, when the system operates with 25% of all UEs performing one shot transmissions.


Adults' ability to provide consistent, contingent and appropriate responses to what they consider to be salient infant communi cative behaviours may provide a means by which infants become aware of functional relationships between their behaviours and those of their partners. The studies reported below investigated whether there was consistency between mothers and other female adults on what they identified as communicatively salient behaviours in infants aged 6, 9 and 12 months. For each comparison of a mother's coding with that of another female adult, a randomiz ation procedure produced a distribution of 1000 'chance' levels of agreement for comparison with the observed agreement value. Of a total of 56 comparisons across the two studies, only four failed to show significant levels of agreement between mothers and other female adults. The results indicate that certain infant behaviours are perceived as communicatively salient, not only by caregivers but also by adults unfamiliar with the children.


I n the late 1970s, the U.S. Congress acted on the recommendations of a National Commission on Diabetes. A federally funded effort to combat diabetes included establishment of the National Diabetes Advisory Board (NDAB), The National Diabetes Data Group, The National Diabetes Clearinghouse, and Diabetes Research and Training Centers. In 1977, The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) funded Diabetes • Control Demonstration Projects in nine states. Each state project was to assess and analyze existing morbidity/mortality and resource data on diabetes, identify and analyze the preventable diabetes problems, and develop a plan to address these major problems. The Maine Diabetes Control Program focused on the paucity of ambulatory education programs available to people with diabetes, primarily because of poor financial support; there was almost no reimbursement. Once convinced of cost-effectiveness, Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Maine agreed to reimburse outpatient diabetes education. In part, because this aroused considerable interest around the country, the NDAB supported the development of National Standards for Diabetes Patient Education. These have evolved into the recognition process managed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (this issue, Wheeler and Warren-Boulton, p. 36). In 1984, the ADA, CDC, and NDAB organized the 1984 Conference on Financing Quality Health Care, which brought >100 people representing the diabetes community, health insurance industry, and government together for the first time (1). Three major topics were addressed: access to coverage, coverage for diabetes patient education, and coverage for supplies, devices, and new technologies. Initiatives resulting from the conference included collection and analysis of reimbursement data (this issue, Tobin, p. 41), publication of a model benefits


Based on the research of PAMPS gel and PNIPAM gel synthetic experiment and character of change, some kinds of micro- machine elements are designed, and the process principle and action are analyzed. Some ideas in the aspect of developing the design of micro- machine element based on intelligent gel are suggested.


INTERPRETATIONS based on human skeletal differences have thus far not contributed substantially to regional prehistoric reconstruction in the United States. Generally speaking, the additional information derived from human bones has not been proportional to the time and care spent by archeologists in excavating and preserving them. To remedy this situation better methods seem necessary for the analysis of human morphological variation in time and space. A place for testing such methods is the American Southwest, an area which has produced skeletal material in well-established archeological contexts.


This paper attempts to give some focus to what the game of golf offered to women in a period which saw an expansion of leisure pursuits for the health and well-being of the middle class. With the establishment of a national body to develop the game in the interests of British women and the leadership of a few pioneers, consideration is given to what it was like for the 'fair sex' to participate in the male dominated world of golf.


The meshing principles, coefficients and non-uniform meshing for 3D computational model was analyzed and a software platform was developed, containing both uniform and non-uniform meshing and visualization functions. Experiments for industrial production models demonstrated that: the developed platform can achieve good results for both uniform and non-uniform meshing. The implementation of the platform provides a good basis for developing more complete 3D modeling software.