Abstract The current work attempts to provide a proof of concept for the achievement of semi-quantitative measurements by applying Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) on thermally dewetted Au-films. In order to probe the anticipated advanced (device) material, Mitoxantrone (MTX) that exhibits strong SERS signal was utilized as a relevant prototype active molecular agent. The molecule was deposited on substrates of different morphology by spin coating and after evaluation of the collected SERS spectra it is shown that there is an almost linear correlation between the SERS intensity and the concentration of the SERS active molecule. In addition the enhancements achieved depend on the substrate's morphology.


When given orally to animals ibufenac has a range of potencies 2 to 4 times that of aspirin. It also suppresses thurfyl nicotinate erythema in man. Like certain other analgesic‐anti‐inflammatory‐antipyretic drugs, when administered intravenously it suppresses bradykinin‐induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea‐pig. It has no glucocorticoid activity. Ibufenac, a compound chemically unrelated to existing antirheumatic drugs, can thus be classified as a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory (antirheumatic) agent.


In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the nematicidal activity of bay leaf essential oil, its fractions, isolated and derivatized compounds for egg hatching and juvenile mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita at different concentrations (0.20-1.50 mg mL) and durations (24-96 hrs) in Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, during the year 2016-17. Bay leaf essential oil was partitioned into non-polar and polar fractions. Eugenol, 1, 8-Cineole and α-Pinene were isolated using column chromatography. α-Pinene and eugenol were chemically derivatized into campholenic aldehyde and eugenol epoxide respectively using metachloroperbenzoic acid. Bay leaf essential oil, its fractions, αPinene, 1,8-Cineole, eugenol, eugenol epoxide and campholenic aldehyde showed effective egg hatch inhibition and increased juvenile mortality at all concentrations and durations. Among the various components tested, bay leaf essential oil showed highest egg hatch inhibition and mortality. It showed complete egg hatch inhibition at 1.00 mg mL after 72 hrs and complete mortality was observed at 0.80 mg mL after 96 hrs. Both the activities were concentration and time dependent. The present studies revealed that bay leaf essential oil is effective against M. incognita and can be explored further for its nematicidal properties.


IN COMPAEISON with infant and later mortality, relatively little is known about the incidence of fetal mortality, especially deaths occurring during the early months of gestation. Most information on fetal mortality relates to deaths occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. There are many reports on fetal mortality in individual hospitals, but these have the major drawback of possible se¬ lection of patients unrepresentative of the pop¬ ulation as a whole. In a few areas, such as in NewYork City, reporting of fetal deaths at any stage of gestation is required. Since the re¬ sponsibility for reporting fetal deaths in such


One way to measure buyer utilities of combinations of product benefits is with conjoint measurement. The authors discuss the selection of benefit combinations to be tested, data collection, and computer output, and illustrate how conjoint measurement can be used with cluster analysis to segment markets and generate product offerings for each segment.


The deployment of upstream (or reverse) hybrid fiber coax (HFC) cable service is inherently more difficult than downstream cable service for a number of reasons. Traditional tools for maintaining the upstream plant have been similar to the tools used for downstream maintenance: sweep transmitters, sweep receivers, spectrum analyzers, and signal level meters. This equipment is typically unable to accurately capture the high speed impulsive impairments that frequently impair the return transmissions. Additionally, the upstream transmissions are frequently high-speed data packets, which are difficult to capture and analyze with traditional test equipment. This paper discusses the test and maintenance needs of the reverse plant, as well as a set of non-traditional burst-mode tests. In particular, the low frequency range of the return systems (5-40 MHz.) makes it possible to use high-speed digital circuits to generate test and diagnostic signals, and high-speed analog to digital (A-D) converters can capture test and data signals for analysis. A low cost personal computer, located at the headend, can easily perform the numerical processing and format the display of the captured data.


The basic formulas of the emission and transmission for the non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) planetary atmospheres were derived. By assuming that rotational levels within a vibrational level remain in local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE),an accurate and efficient line by line(LBL) algorithm of NLTE emission and transmission was developed to evaluate the radiance due to infrared active species in the upper planetary atmospheres. The limb viewing radiance of the earth′s atmosphere for the 4.3μm and 15μm bands of 12 C 16 O 2 under daytime and nighttime, NLTE and LTE conditions was calculated by using this algorithm. The results of calculations reveal that NLTE radiance obviously departs from LTE.


What sets the Carter Presidential Portrait volume apart from other volumes in this series is its concentration on the President and First Lady, Cabinet level officials, certain intangibles such as the nature of the times, accidents and unforeseen events and presidential style and politics. Significantly, this volume is the first in which the President and the First Lady graciously joined in its preparation. Includes essays by Judge Shirley Hufstedler, Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Attorney General Griffin Bell, Secretary of Commerce Juanita Kreps, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary of Agriculture Bob S. Bergland, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, Director of the Policy Planning Staff Anthony Lake, Ambassador Donald McHenry, Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, Yale Professor of History Gaddis Smith, and Vice President Walter F. Mondale. Co-published with the Miller Center of Public Affairs.


Technology Acceptance Model (TMA), which was first coined by Davis (1989) is one of the studies in Information Systems Technology (STI) are most studied. Research in this area seeks to identify the factors that cause people are willing to accept and use information systems. But there is not much to explain about the m-commerce, especially mobile ticketing service. So many variables have been investigating the antecedents of intention to use. Antecedent variables that investigate in this research are prior experience, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived risk. Those variables thought to affect intention to use. Study sample is M-Tix 21 users in Kotamadya Yogyakarta who were selected purposively. The number of samples analyzed 111 of the 120 questionnaires distributed questionnaires obtained during the data collection period June-July 2011. The result showed that prior experience, perceived usefulness, trust, have positive influence on intention to use.Perceived risk has negative effect on intention to use. Meanwhile perceived ease of use have positive influence but not significant on intention to use.

Keywords: prior experience, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived risk, intention to use, mobile ticketing service


Cytosine, a DNA and RNA building-block, and Metformin, the most widely prescribed drug for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus were made to react separately with ammonium or sodium metavanadates in acidic aqueous solutions to obtain two polyoxovanadate salts with a 6:1 ratio of cation-anion. Thus, compounds [HCyt]6[V10O28]·4H2O, 1 and [HMetf]6[V10O28]·6H2O, 2 (where HCyt = Cytosinium cation, [C4H6N3O]+ and HMetf = Metforminium cation, [C4H12N5]+) were obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), solution 51V-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTGA), as well as, theoretical methods. Both compounds crystallized in P1¯ space group with Z' = 1/2, where the anionic charge of the centrosymmetric ion [V10O28]6− is balanced by six Cytosinium and six Metforminium counterions, respectively. Compound 1 is stabilized by π-π stacking interactions coming from the aromatic rings of HCyt cations, as denoted by close contacts of 3.63 Å. On the other hand, guanidinium moieties from the non-planar HMetf in Compound 2 interact with decavanadate μ2-O atoms via N−H···O hydrogen bonds. The vibrational spectroscopic data of both IR and Raman spectra show that the dominant bands in the 1000-450 cm−1 range are due to the symmetric and asymmetric ν(V−O) vibrational modes. In solution, 51V-NMR experiments of both compounds show that polyoxovanadate species are progressively transformed into the monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric oxovanadates. The thermal stability behavior suggests a similar molecular mechanism regarding the loss of water molecules and the decomposition of the organic counterions. Yet, no changes were observed in the TGA range of 540–580°C due to the stability of the [V10O28]6− fragment. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations were carried out to model the compounds in aqueous phase using a polarized continuum model calculation. Optimized structures were obtained and the main non-covalent interactions were characterized. Biological activities of these compounds are also under investigation. The combination of two therapeutic agents opens up a window toward the generation of potential metalopharmaceuticals with new and exciting pharmacological properties.


* Title,Table of Content and Summary
 * Introduction
 * Material and Methods
 * Results
 * Discussion
 * References
 * Appendix


The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the counterion binding constant (B) in a mixed micellar state of the trimethyltetradecylammonium bromide (TTAB) with the polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) at 25 ℃ in water and in aqueous solutions of n-butanol (0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.3 M) were determined as a function of α1 (the overall mole fraction of TTAB) by the use of electric conductivity method and surface tensiometer method. Various thermodynamic parameters (Xi, γi, Ci, aiM, β, and △Hmix) were calculated by means of the equations derived from the nonideal mixed micellar model. The effects of n-butanol on the micellization of TTAB/Brij 35 mixtures have been also studied by analyzing the measured and calculated thermodynamic parameters.


Anti-radar unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) is a new type informationization weapon and is widely concerned by each country in recent years.Its path planning becomes one of the key research areas in anti-radar UVA application field.Aimed at the path planning problem of UAV,on the base of introducing the concepts relating to path planning,influence factors of UAV course and navigation section choosing ware analyzed,the restrictions of them ware provided.Lastly,the UAV course and navigation section choosing models ware given respectively.


In this paper, we discuss techniques, algorithms, evaluation methods used in online, offline, supervised, unsupervised, multi-video and clustering methods used for Video Summarization/Multi-view Video Summarization from various references. We have studied different techniques in the literature and described the features used for generating video summaries with evaluation methods, supervised, unsupervised, algorithms and the datasets used. We have covered the survey towards the new frontier of research in computational intelligence technique like ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and other evolutionary algorithms for VS using both supervised and unsupervised methods. We highlight on single, multi-video summarization with features like video, audio, and semantic embeddings considered for VS in the literature. A careful presentation is attempted to bring the performance comparison with Precision, Recall, F-Score, and manual methods to evaluate the VS.


Condensation of a gas -vapor mixture in a direct electric field is discussed in the paper. At a noncondensable gas concentration of 5%, approximately two-fold increase in the condensed liquid amount is obtained. The condensation process enhancement is explained by the cooperative effect of the condensate film turbulization and the decrease in the diffusion resistance of the noncondensable gas layer in an electric field.


This study was conducted to assess the relationship of green manure (GM) legumes grown in the gap between wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest and rice (Oryza sativa) planting for sustainable rice-wheat system. Six GM legumes viz. mungbean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), soybean (Glycine max), sesbania (Sesbania rostrata), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) were tested for the same in rice-wheat cropping for three consecutive years (2001-04) at Agriculture Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar (Pakistan). The average of three years data showed that the greatest DM shoot biomass of 2366 kg ha -1 was obtained for sesbania and the lowest of 992 kg ha -1 was obtained for guar. The legumes biomass of only 2002 and 2003 were analyzed for different nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) and, on average, the greatest amount of nutrients were found in cowpea (86.69 kg ha -1 ) and the lowest in soybean (37.12 kg ha -1 ). The regressions equations developed from the data showed that the yields of both rice and wheat had strong relationship both with the shoot biomass and amount of nutrients in shoot biomass of GM legumes. These results suggested that grain and straw yields of both rice and wheat crops have shown strong relationship with the total biomass of GM legumes. The improvement gained in crop yields from GM legumes could be attributed to improvement in the soil conditions and nutrient status of the soil. It is therefore recommended that green manure legumes should be encouraged for sustainable soil and crop productivity in rice-wheat system.


In order to study the effect on spleen and kidney of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco aritificially infected with Yersinia enterocolitica,the pathological lesions and ultrastructures of spleen and kidney were observed.The results indicated that the diseased Pelteobagrus fulvidraco showed abdominal swelling,then spleen and kidney swelling.Glomerulus atrophy,swelling and degeneration were observed in renal tubule epithelial cells.A large number of erythrocyte emerged in spleen.There were distinct changes in mitochondria of spleen and kidney.These mitochondria showed obvious swelling and disrupt cristae.Y.enterocoliticastrain GM2402 was pathogenicity and could cause serious lesions in spleen and kidney of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.


The combination of verbal and visual tools may help unravel the experiences of advanced cancer patients. However, most previous studies have focused on a specific symptom, at only one moment in time. We recently found that a specific visual tool, originating from systems thinking, that is, rich pictures (RPs), could provide a more comprehensive view of the experiences of patients with advanced cancer.


The effects of the output wavelength(1530nm~1565nm) of the tapered fiber, the angle and the gap between the silver nanowire and the tapered fiber on the plasmon coupling of silver nanowires are studied experimentally.


INTRODUCTION [I]n our search for clarity, we have now abandoned our constitutional moorings and floated to a place where the law approves of purely exploratory searches of vehicles during which officers with no definite objective or reason for the search are allowed to rummage around in a car to see what they might find. On January 4, 2003, Dale Osife stepped out of his pickup truck in the parking lot of a grocery store in Phoenix, Arizona. He urinated on the ground next to his truck and walked into the store. A woman who observed the incident called the police, and two officers came to the scene in a patrol car. The officers noticed a pool of fluid next to the driver's side door of Mr. Osife's truck. Osife came out of the store, walked up to his pickup truck, and opened the driver's side door. One of the officers watched him take what looked like a plastic bag out of the pocket of his pants and place it on the driver's seat inside the truck. The officer approached him and told him someone had reported him for public urination. Osife denied the charge. A few minutes later, the woman who had telephoned the police returned and identified Osife as the man whom she had seen urinating. At that time Osife was still standing next to the open door of his


In this publication, we review the biology, ecology, invasion history, impacts and management options of Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus plannipennis, with a particular focus on its invasion in Europe. Agrilus planipennis (EAB) is a wood‐boring beetle native to East Asia. Having caused massive damages on ash species in North America in the last decades, it was first recorded in Europe in 2003 in Russia (Moscow). All ash (Fraxinus) species native to Europe and North America are known to be susceptible to EAB attacks, which cause high tree mortality even among formerly healthy trees. Recorded expansion rates are between 2.5 and 80 km/year in North America and between 13 and 41 km/year in European Russia. Given current expansion rates, EAB is expected to reach Central Europe within 15–20 years. A combination of mechanical, biological and chemical control and phytosanitary measures may reduce its impact, which nevertheless most likely will be substantial. There is an urgent need to identify native enemies in Europe, to test suitable biocontrol agents and to develop early detection and management measures. Although it is obvious that EAB will become a major pest in Europe, early and dedicated response will likely be able to reduce the level of ash mortality, and thus improve the opportunity for long‐term survival of ash as an important component in European forests.


The use of magnetic fields in neutron scattering experimentation is reviewed briefly. Two general areas of application can be distinguished. In one the field acts to change the properties of the scattering sample; in the second the field acts on the neutron itself. Several examples are discussed. Precautions necessary for high precision polarized beam measurements are reviewed. 33 references.


TpOR some years a controversy has ■T been going on in Great Britain between the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and water utilities on the regrouping and reorganization of the water works industry. An address by Duncan Sandys, the minister of housing and local government, at a meeting of the British Waterworks Association in November 1956 (i), was followed by a heated discussion after his departure from the meeting. From time to time alarmist reports appear in the British press, particularly during droughts, and not so long ago a special correspondent of the London Times (2) referred to "the mounting demands for water to satisfy an increasing population adopting a higher standard of living" as causing grave anxiety. Yet, the same correspondent admitted that, as compared with an assumed average consumption of 100 gpcd for domestic and industrial purposes, no less than about 1,300 gpcd was lost mainly in sustaining river flow to the sea.


Background: Nowadays the teens playing outdoor games are difficult to be seen and of course, they play all these games not in reality but in a screen using video games. The biggest revolution in electronic world has put our teens more addicted towards video games which not only affect their academic performance but also have impact on their behaviour and health. The objectives of the study were to assess the pattern of video game usage among the study population; to determine the influence of video game in behaviour of the study population.Methods: The study was conducted as a cross sectional study during January and February 2018, among medical students of tertiary care hospital, Chennai. The data was collected using preformed pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: Out of 211 study participants, majority 168 (80%) were males. Around, 97 (45.9%) participants, liked to play during night hours and most 114 (54.1%) of them preferred adventure and racing games. The change in behavioral patterns like, skipping sleep 20 (25.3%), using bad words 22 (27.8%), betting 40 (50.6%), risky stunts 38 (48.1%) were observed. Around half of the participants 97 (46%) were giving complaints of various health problems like finger pain, 72 (34.1%) wrist pain, 63 (29.8%) neck pain, and 54 (26%) eye pain due to usage of video games.Conclusions: The behavioral patterns explored in this study are alarming which suggest that this age group has to be sensitized on the self control to use the video games.


tropical varieties We can define a tropical variety to be a balanced weighted polyhedral complex Σ, and then define tropical versions of algebraic geometry invariants by analogy with their classical definitions. An example of this includes defining the dimension to be the dimension of the complex Σ. Current work (see [LAJR07]) is developing a version of intersection theory in this context. Another possibility would be a tropical version of irreducible components. This creates difficulties, though, as the following example shows. Example: Let X1 = V ((x+ y+ 1)(x+ y+ xy)) = V (x+ y+ 1)∪ V (x+ y+ xy) ⊂ T . Then trop(X1) = trop(x + y + 1) ∪ trop(x + y + xy) is shown in Figure 44. Let X2 = V ((x − 1)(y − 1)(x − y)) = V (x − 1) ∪ V (y − 1) ∪ V (x − y). Then trop(X2) is the union of the lines w1 = 0, w2 = 0 and w1 = w2, so equals trop(X1). Since we can't write any of these last three lines as the union of smaller balanced weighted polyhedral complexes, this means that trop(X1) = trop(X2) cannot be written uniquely as the union of "irreducible" tropical varieties, so a naive definition of irreducible components of these "abstract" tropical varieties does not work. Similarly, we will see later in the week that there are three different notions of the ranks of a matrix over the tropical semiring. One of the motivations for understanding which geometric invariants make sense for these abstract tropical varieties is that it indicates which properties we can expect combinatorial proofs and interpretations of. This can be thought of as the synthetic approach to tropical geometry. Some examples can be seen in the work of Gathmann and his students, such as [GK08], [LAJR07]. Warning: Note every balanced weighted polyhedral complex in R is trop(X) for some X ⊂ T n K . See the example of Mikhalkin in [DS05, Figure 5.1]. Open Question: Characterize those balanced weighted polyhedral complexes in R that are trop(X) for some X ⊂ T n K . More general tropical geometry Another vital branch of tropical research can be broadly classified as attempting to do all geometry, not merely algebraic geometry, over the tropical semifield. For


Cropland expansion in the largest grazing reserves in northwest Nigeria is documented with multisensor data for the period 1965 to 2002. Natural vegetation lands in 1999 are mapped from a land cover classification of Landsat ETM+ data. This land cover information is complemented by ground-based quantitative information on plant productivity of grasslands and croplands (2001-2001). Spectral class membership of ground vegetation plots, mean NDVI values of the plots and interrelation with vegetation parameters are used to transform spectral classes into information classes. The results show that about 85.2% of the natural vegetation land are slightly degraded in terms of dry matter production per hectare. The grasslands of the reserves are pinched by cropland expansion from the farming enclaves inside the reserves but the rate and extent of cropland encroachment at the fringes of the reserves are much more pronounced. Both types of cropland expansion affect primarily the centre and south of the reserves, which are endowed with the more productive grasslands. Despite a north-south rainfall gradient, productivity of the enclaves' cropland decreases from south to north. Cropland expansion is highest and fastest in the southern enclaves. This may indicate land use intensification in the northern enclaves that contrasts with agricultural expansion at the existing technological level in the south. Limited availability of high spatial resolution satellite before 1999 and for the right seasons restricts retrospective analyses on land cover dynamics and their relationship with land use. Further ground measurements under variable rainfall amounts and in areas stratified a priori by synoptic remote sensing data are needed for a future assessment of the impact of human management on vegetation cover in the study area.


The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the concept of "totality" in Hegel's Philosophy of History The leading concept of Hegel's philosophy is "totality", whose first clear exposition can be found in Hegel's two major works, Phenomenology of Spirit and Logic. Therefore, it is helpful, even not necessary, to see "totality" in Hegel's Philosophy of History by virtue of the understanding of the same concept in his Phenomenology of Spirit and Logic. Hegel's concept of "totality" is two-dimensional: its "structural" dimension manifests itself in Philosophy of History as the concept of "state", while its "developmental" one as the concept of "world history". In addition, the complicated relations between "reason" and "world history" are discussed as well.


Control structure (strategy) selection consists of the selection and pairing of manipulated and measured variables. This article outlines a procedure that uses such tools as the existence of right half plane (RHP) transmission zeros, the relative gain array, the performance relative gain array, and the closed-loop disturbance gain. The regulatory control system for the fluid catalytic cracking process is used as an example. Several authors found the Kurihara control structure to be preferable to the conventional control structure. The reason is that RHP transmission zeros limit the achievable bandwidth for the conventional control structure. Two other control structures, however, have better controllability characteristics than both the conventional and the Kurihara control structures. The sensitivity of the measurement selection and variable pairing with respect to changes in the operating point and parametric uncertainty is examined, as well as the general objectives of the regulatory control level and its interaction with the higher levels in the control hierarchy.


and lateral ventricle narrowing (Figure 1a). MR myelography suggested CSF leakage at C1 – 3 levels (Figure 1b). After admission, prednisolone was increased from 20 to 30 mg/day, combined with cyclosporine 100 mg/day and mizoribine 150 mg/day following one course of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (500 mg/day) for three consecutive days. Immunoabsorption was performed weekly. These therapies attenuated serological SLE indicators. Although her headache and cognitive dysfunction improved, she transferred to another hospital ' s neurosurgical department to determine the requirement of autologous blood injection into the epidural space in October 2012. Her CSF pressure decreased to 10 mm H 2 O, fulfi lling the criteria for intracranial hypotension. However, CSF leakage was not confi rmed using CT myelography or radioisotope cisternography. Then, she did not undergo autologous blood injection into the epidural space. CSF leakage possibly stopped before she was transferred. CSF leakage was not confi rmed using MR myelography in December 2012 (Figure 1c), and MRI in July 2013 revealed improvements of subdural hygroma and lateral ventricle narrowing (Figure 1d). SLE patients manifest various central nervous system abnormalities. Intracranial hypertension has been reported to be found in 17% CNS lupus cases with intractable headaches [2]. In contrast, only one SIH case with SLE has been reported [3]. Intracranial hypertension in SLE was believed to occur because of an arachnoid occlusion by granulation or immune complex deposition in the choroid plexus [4]. In addition, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, which shows dural thickening and neurological symptoms, should be considered to be a diff erential diagnosis in intractable headache in SLE [5]. However, in this case, low CSF pressure and subdural hygoma were incompatible with hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Furthermore, the possibility of coincidence of SIH due to CSF leakage could not be denied in this case, but clinical symptoms such as headache, gait disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction and imaging results improved in correlation with SLE serological disease activity, suggesting an Mod Rheumatol, 2014; Early Online: 1–2 © 2014 Japan College of Rheumatology DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.924469


where he was involved in both EGNOS and Galileo Safety, Verification and Validation issues. Currently, he is working for ESA in the Navigation and TT&C Section of the department of Telecommunications. There he is involved in the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS) safety related research and application development. J.C. De Mateo is a graduate in Telecommunications from the Polytechnics Univ. at Madrid (Spain). He has worked in the design of radio-frequency circuits before joining ESA to support EGNOS and Galileo developments as a navigation engineer. P.D.F. Da Silva is a graduate in Aerospace Engineering in avionics from Instituto Superior Técnico at Lisbon (Portugal) in 2000. He is currently working in the Navigation and TT&C Section as a Young Graduate Trainee involved in EGNOS applications. Dr J. Ventura-Traveset holds a MS in Telecom. earth observation and satellite navigation programs. He is currently Principal System Engineer of the EGNOS project. 2 ABSTRACT In this article, system verification techniques that allow assessing SBAS integrity performances are described and tested. These techniques, proposed to be used also on the final EGNOS system, are evaluated here, using both the EGNOS System Test Bed (ESTB) and the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) broadcast signals. As a spin-off of this analysis we also assess some differences between ESTB and WAAS systems. It is shown that, despite the limited number of reference stations, the ESTB reaches meter accuracies and provides good protection levels. These encouraging results pave the way to a sound introduction of EGNOS System operations in 2004. The section of radio navigation and TT&C within the ESA Directorate of Technical and Operational Support (DTOS), supports the ESA GNSS-1 EGNOS Project Office in Toulouse on different system engineering activities, including the assessment of verification techniques. This research work is complementary to the continuous ESTB performance assessment done by other important Research Centres such as CNES (France), NMA (Norway), EUROCONTROL and industry. The ESTB, a pre-operational EGNOS signal, is available since early 2000 for navigation demonstrations and service trials [ESTB]. The main objectives of the ESTB are: to have an assessment of the global performance that EGNOS can achieve; to analyse with detail critical design issues or tradeoffs between several options; to demonstrate the system operation to the final users; and to develop and validate system test methods. In this study, we make use of the ESTB signal to assess the effectiveness of some verification techniques, which …


Managerial discretions in accounting and presures from stakeholders encourage earnings management. Such a practice creates ethical problems in business. The purpose of this study is to observe ethical perceptions in earnings management from acountants, both academics and profesional accountants, and ethical perceptions based on gender. Earnings management is classified into manipulation in accounting activity and in operational decision making. This study covers 156 subjects consists of 65 professional accountants from three public accountant firms and five companies and 91 academics from two universities in Central Java. Seven questions/cases adopted from Merchant (1989) and Fischer dan Rosenzweig (1995) were introduced to subjects and subjects were asked to assess whether it was ethical or not on a scale of 5 where 1 indicates the most ethical and 5 indicates the most unethical. The findings show that academics see manipulation in operational decision making as less ethical compared to practitioners while practitioners see manipulation in accounting as less ethical. Furthermore, practitioners see manipulation in operational decision as more ethical than manipulation in accounting while for academics there is no significant differences. Finally, there is not any significant difference on the ethical perception between female and male


We present a semiempirical approach to the density functional theory of bubble nucleation in binary mixtures. Intermolecular forces between solvent and solute molecules are modeled using Lennard-Jones potentials whose interaction parameters are determined by equilibrium properties of the pure liquids and the liquid mixtures. We study the temperature variation of the critical supersaturation for carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen dissolved in water at 1 atm pressure. Our results are consistent with experimental trends that show an "inverse" dependence of the nucleation rates on temperature for the case of hydrogen. In the different mixtures, critical nuclei for gas formation exhibit fluid densities at their centers that are a substantial fraction of the density of the corresponding pure liquids.


AbstractThe deployment of 228 global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes), over three consecutive days in Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001), allows for the creation of azimuth–height (ϕ–z) surfaces from sea level to 3-km altitude at 0.25° and 0.5° latitude distance from the storm center. The authors estimate the radial flow along these ϕ–z surfaces to diagnose the mass flux through said surfaces as Humberto deepens from 1000 to 983 hPa from the first to the second day, then fills to 992 hPa by the third day. As the tropical cyclone (TC) intensifies the width, depth, and rate of inflow increase. The inflow remains a wavenumber-1 pattern throughout the three days. The center of the inflow rotates clockwise over this period following the expected forcing due to both the tropical cyclone motion and deep layer shear vectors. Net vertical mass flux, based on continuity within a given volume, is correlated with TC intensity only for the inner 0.25° ϕ–z surface. Slightly farther from the center, at 0.5° ...


Abstract The size distribution of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAH) was determined for airborne par-ticles from a large city with high vehicular traffic. Theanalytical method was optimised and validated usingNIST standard reference material (SRM 1649a UrbanDust). The 16 priority PAH listed in the US-EPA wereSoxhlet-extracted from filtered particulate matter andthen fractionated using on-column chromatography.The aromatic fraction was quantified by gas chroma-tography-mass spectrometry. Real samples of particlescollected in Seville (Spain) were analysed using the val-idated method. Values for the total concentration ofPAH in the air, as well as the concentrations of eachPAH in six particle-size ranges were obtained. Values ofthe PAH in TSP, PM 10 ,PM 2.5 and PM 1 were assessed.Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons AEBenzo[a]pyrene AE Urban airborne particles AE Sizedistribution AE SRM 1649a Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have receivedconsiderable attention as an important class of envi-ronmental organic pollutants [1, 2]. In fact, according tothe classification of the International Agency for Re-search on Cancer (IARC) [3], some PAH are majormutagenic and carcinogenic agents. As a result of thiscarcinogenic activity, 16 of these PAH have been listedas priority pollutants by the US-EPA [4].The concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a goodmarker for carcinogenic PAH levels in environmentalsamples [5]. BaP is one of the most potent embryotoxicand teratogenic substances to mice. Leukemia, gastrictumors and pulmonary adenomas developed in a strainof white Swiss mice that were fed BaP [6]. Exposure toBaP increases the incidence of papillomas, carcinoma ofthe stomach, esophagus and tongue.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originate fromproducts of incomplete combustion during industrial [7]and domestic [8] activities as well as vehicular traffic [9].Under oxygen-deficient conditions, highly condensedcompounds are common products of carbon-basedmaterial combustion, such as carbon, wood, coke, fuelsor gasoline. Due to the locations of these sources and thenumber of humans exposed to them, especially in theurban environment, it is imperative to study PAH.During combustion processes PAH are initiallyemitted as gases. Heavier PAH with five or six aromaticrings (vapor pressure 10


In this paper, we give an explicit combinatorial realization of the crystal B(\lambda) for an irreducible highest weight U_q(q(n))-module V(\lambda) in terms of semistandard decomposition tableaux. We present an insertion scheme for semistandard decomposition tableaux and give algorithms of decomposing the tensor product of q(n)-crystals. Consequently, we obtain explicit combinatorial descriptions of the shifted Littlewood-Richardson coefficients.


Objective: To identify factors related to recovery and quality of life in spinal cord injury.
Research design: Non-experimental.
Setting: SVNIRTAR and Regional Spinal Injury Centre (RSIC), Cuttack.
Participants: 150 SCI subjects.
Outcome measures: Questionnaire based on history, WHOQOL-BREF scale, Perceived stress scale (PSS), the satisfaction with life scale (TSWLS).
Results and conclusion: Subjects with better functional recovery included those who underwent surgical treatment, spent less time at injury site, and had not lost consciousness and no neurological deterioration at site of injury. Also, QOL domains, perceives stress, satisfaction with life are not related. QOL and life satisfaction with complete and incomplete SCI are different. Similarly, satisfaction with life among married and unmarried subject is different.


Aiming at the situation that product configuration can not adapt to different products and knowledge expression is complicated, product configuration based on product characteristic vector is presented.Under the condition of quantifiable product characteristics, the model of product configuration based on product characteristic vector is constructed, and the basic theory and process of knowledge expressions are given.Introducing of product characteristic vector realizes the transformation from the description of natural language of product characteristics into that of math language.Constraints attached to components are related to product characteristic vector, which makes constraint representations simple and concentrated, reducing the difficulty of knowledge expression.And a successful case is illustrated.


Based on the modern battlefield electronic reconnaissance, a realization method of netted radar signal sources number estimation subsystem is presented. The cyclic correlation function of linear FM signal is deduced in this paper, and the function is used to estimate the number of signal sources. This cyclic correlation based method is computationally efficient and easy to realize due to the utilization of FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) in calculating the cyclic correlation function. Simulation experiments are provided for evaluating the estimation performance, and experimental results have proved the validity of the method. Foreword In modern battlefield, there're vast amount of emitters in dense distribution, which cause overloaded radar receiver with enormous data interception, and even a lengthy period if such massive data are sifted and compared one by one with classic radar signal sorting algorithm. Many scholars turn to apply blind signal separation (BSS) technology to radar signal sorting. The principle of BSS technology is to realize the recovery of source signal's waveform through optimum estimate of hybrid matrix , so as to extract the characteristics of the recovered waveform and derive the information related to radar signal. In the process of electronic reconnaissance, signals intercepted usually contain radar signal, clutter and noise, thus these signals need to be processed before feeding in blind signal sorting module. Determination of number of signal sources makes available priori information for BSS algorithm, and the precision of number determined has direct impact on that of blind signal sorting, which is the key part in the whole sorting process . In practical application, the number of observation signals is unknown, which is only obtained by means of source number estimation algorithm. In this dissertation, in the context of battlefield electronic reconnaissance, the author suggests the realization method for number estimation subsystem of netted radar emitter signals applied to radar electronic countermeasures system to estimate the number of netted radar emitter signals on the principle of cyclic correlation property. Principle for Number Estimation of Signals In modern war, the two parties involved in radar electronic countermeasure are fighter plane and netted radar. In the radar network, radars of different properties emit radar signals to the same airspace for the purpose of reconnaissance therein. Assume that there're n radars in the radar network but at different geographic orientations, in this system, this characteristic is represented by information on the angle of each radar emitter signal, as well as attenuation condition of such information fed in radar warning receiver (RWR). Emitter signals from n radars are expressed as follows: T 1 2 n ( ) [s ( ),s ( )...,s ( )] s n n n n = (1) Assume that there're m receiving antenna with RWR on electronic scout for intercepting radar signals, in the case radar emitter signals are intercepted by these receiving antenna, signal intercepted by antenna i can be expressed as follows:


Three pilot-scale gravity-filters, with different filter media, were constructed in order to provide additional treatment of the effluent of a pilot-scale Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW). Two filters contained natural zeolite with respective residence times (RT) of 1 (Z1) and 2 (Z2) days, and one filter was filled with bauxite with a RT of 1 day (B1). Each filter treated 10 L from the wetland effluent. Water samples were analyzed immediately, after collection, in the laboratory for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus constituents. Results show that the presence of zeolite and bauxite filters at the effluent of constructed wetlands enhances significantly the treatment capacity and increases substantially the pollutant removal rates.


In this industrial History of Birmingham and the Black Country, I have tried to trace the course of economic development from two points of view. In the first place, I have been concerned with the transformation which has occurred since 1860 in the general industrial character of the area and with the changes in the relative importance of the chief manufactures. This part of my work has involved a detailed description of Birmingham and District as it appeared in I860, and a consideration of the forces which have since been at work in causing the rise of some trades and the decline of others. My second object has been to examine the methods of manufacture and sale and the scale of production which has been associated with the leading industries at different times and so to indicate the general development which has taken place in industrial organisation.


In Japan, according to the national policy, oil is stockpiled to keep the life of the people around 180 days. Stockpiling method are ground base tank, marine base tank, and underground bedrock base tank. Especially, the inspection of the ground tank is carried out every 8 years by Fire Defense Law. A high performance organic coating is used as the corrosion protection for inner bottom plate of the tank. Regarding the degradation of the coating, blisters and scratches are mainly found by visual inspection. In addition, as a non-destructive inspection of the degradation level of the coating, there is an evaluation using the tanδ1–2) value by the electrochemical impedance method. However, the tanδ value is the result of only one frequency region, and complicated degradation phenomenon cannot be explained. Therefore, in this study, two Constant Phase Element (CPE)3)-5) parameters were applied to the equivalent circuit analysis. CPE is a distributed constant element and may replace complicated degradation phenomena. We designed the elements separately for overall slow degradation phenomena (soundness) and specific degradation phenomena (damage). As a result of analysis based on the analysis parameter (T, p) using the data of the inspection of actual tanks, the characteristics of each tank could be evaluated with new indices.


Fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction has been reported to occur in 34 % (54/160) of depressed patients (Jacobsen, 1992). It has been observed that it may improve on lowering the dose of fluoxetine (Jacobsen, 1992). We report the results of an open study of fluoxetine treatment of depression, whose aim was to evaluate the relationship between fluoxetine dose and sexual dysfunc tion.


There appears to be consensus among the general public that curtailing harmful emissions resulting from industrial, petrochemical and transportation sectors is a common good. However, there is also a need for balancing operating expenditures for applying the required technical solutions and implementing advanced emission mitigation technologies to meet desired sustainability goals. The emission of NOx from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units in refineries for petroleum processing is a major concern, especially for those units located in densely populated urban settings. In this work we strive to review options towards cost-efficient and pragmatic emissions mitigation using optimal amounts of precious metal while evaluating the potential benefits of typical promoter dopant packages. We demonstrate that at present catalyst development level the refinery is no longer forced to make a promoter selection based on preconceived notions regarding precious metal activity but can rather make decisions based on the best "total cost" financial impact to the operation without measurable loss of the CO/NOx emission selectivity.


This paper proposes a macroscopic model to describe the dynamics of intelligent traffic flow where intelligent vehicles are driving closer to each other than manual vehicles and operating in a form of many platoons each of which contains several vehicles. The model is developed from a car-following model which allows us to obtain well tractable macroscopic equations for such platoon-based traffic operation. A linear stability diagram is constructed from the developed model based on the linear stability method for a certain model parameter set. It is found analytically that platoon-based driving behaviour of intelligent vehicles enhances the stabilisation of traffic flow with respect to a small perturbation. Numerical simulation of an open freeway with an on-ramp bottleneck supports our analytical results. We have argued that the newly developed macroscopic model will provide a better insight into the dynamics of intelligent traffic flow.


The two most celebrated intellectuals of the Weimar period — Carl Schmitt on the right and Walter Benjamin on the left — were fascinated by the role of crime in modern politics. In order to shed light on this neglected element of their work, this article explains how crime became a central category in their political theory and a crucial component in their narratives of modern history. Furthermore, it elucidates how both men simultaneously came to characterize their society as a whole, and not only fractions of it, as criminal in essence. Though many have seen the connection between Schmitt and Benjamin as a continuous dialogue, this study contends that the similarity between their theories of criminal politics should be interpreted not as a direct discussion, but within the context of wide debates regarding the origins of crime as well as the blending of criminal and political discourses that occurred during the Weimar period.


Three kinds of textures, i.e., (200), (111), and (220) of TiN films prepared by filtered arc deposition have been continuously observed with varying film thickness and bombarding energy of the deposited particles. The evolution of the texture from (200) to (111), then to (220) is discussed on the basis of the so‐called overall energy which consists of the surface energy, the strain energy, and the stopping energy of the films.


ABSTRACT Choreutoidea (metalmark moths) is a poorly known monotypic superfamily of Lepidoptera with 406 described species in 18 genera from two subfamilies (Brenthiinae and Choreutinae). The phylogenetic position of metalmark moths within the lepidopteran phylogeny has been controversial. For the present study, we sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Choreutis emplecta, the first representative from Choreutoidea. A common set of 37 mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, were identified in the 14,718-bp genome. The gene rearrangement of trnM-trnI-trnQ is also present in this genome. The genome size, base composition, secondary structures of RNA genes, and codon usages are similar to those of most lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 107 Lepidoptera species using the concatenated 13 PCGs deduced a similar topology between the Bayesian inference tree and the maximum likelihood tree. Most nodes in both phylogenetic trees confirm the current view of lepidopteran phylogeny. The Choreutoidea was demonstrated to be an early-diverging lineage of Apoditrysia.


Electroporation is described mathematically by a partial differential equation (PDE) that governs the distribution of pores as a function of their radius and time. This PDE does not have an analytical solution and, because of the presence of disparate spatial and temporal scales, numerical solutions are hard to obtain. These difficulties limit the application of the PDE only to experimental setups with a uniformly polarized membrane. This study performs a rigorous, asymptotic reduction of the PDE to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that describes the dynamics of the pore density $N(t).$ Given $N(t),$ the precise distribution of the pores in the space of their radii can be determined by an asymptotic approximation. Thus, the asymptotic ODE represents most of the phenomenology contained in the PDE. It is easy to solve numerically, which makes it a powerful tool to study electroporation in experimental setups with significant spatial dependence, such vesicles or cells in an external field.


The absorption of femtosecond laser light by a metal results in transient nonequilibrium excitation characterized by a high electronic temperature, but a relatively cool lattice. Under such conditions, the surface chemistry of the O2/Pd(111) system was examined. The results reveal efficient energy flow from substrate electronic excitation to adsorbate center‐of‐mass motion. Femtosecond correlation measurements confirm the electronic nature of the excitation leading to desorption, but also indicate a persistent memory effect associated with phonon assistance for the desorption process. A model involving multiple cycles of electronic excitation and deexcitation is discussed.


Real time transmission of spaceborne and airborne images to the ground station is highly desirable in many telemetering applications. They also need to be sent through an error prone, time varying, wireless channel possibly under jamming conditions. Hence, a fast, efficient, scalable, error resilient image compression scheme is vital to realize the full potential of airborne reconnaisance. JPEG2000, the current international standard for image compression offers most of these features. However, the computational complexity of JPEG2000 limits its use in real time applications. Thus, in this work a scalable low complexity coder (SLCC) is designed that possess many desirable features of JPEG2000, yet having high throughput. Index Terms JPEG2000, airborne reconnaisance, low complexity, scalable compression.


Abstract The field of Health Psychology has enjoyed a prodigious growth over the past 15 years. The interpersonal dynamic of the practitioner-patient relationship is one of the areas which has been illuminated thereby accentuating its contribution to effective levels of health care. This paper examines the concepts of interpersonal communication and communication skill. The contribution of skilful communication by health workers to the success with which they discharge their professional duties is considered and present standards of practice critically assessed. Specific areas of inadequacy are identified and possible causative factors postulated. Amongst such factors would appear to be a relative neglect of the interpersonal dimension of the work of the health practitioner during training. A case is made for increased attention being devoted to promoting this facet of professional competence. The major thrust of the paper develops this theme by elaborating a systematic and structured framework for instru...


In this paper, we investigate the performance of uplink non- orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems for internet- of-things (IoT) applications, which exploits a space-time line code (STLC) and a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation at each sensor (transmitter). A single transmit antenna is assumed to be equipped at the sensor and two receive antennas are assumed to be equipped at a fusion center (FC). The STLC enables the FC to decode the transmitted symbols from multiple sensors without channel state information (CSI) of each sensor. In particular, we mathematically analyze the symbol error rate (SER) of the super-imposed symbol received at the FC and obtain the diversity order of the uplink NOMA-IoT network. We also propose a phase steering (PS)-based STLC technique to improve the SER performance, in which certain sensors rotate its constellation. The proposed PS-STLC technique significantly outperforms the conventional STLC scheme in the uplink NOMA-IoT network.


This paper describes people chatting at the same time in COMPS group collaborative exercises. Simultaneous typed-chat, students seeing others' typing in real time, is a feature of COMPS. In verbal ...


Objective: To evaluate the clinical application and value of steps diagnosis screening for cervical cancer.Methods: The patients were checked with liquid based cytology(TCT),colposcopy and biopsy,pathological diagnosis of cervical lesions and cervical cancer.Results: The 324 cases of TCT examination was positive in 2 600 cases,positive rate was 12.46%,among them,LSIL,HSIL,CC and disease of the consistent rate was respectively 64.47%,85%,100%.The 324 cases of TCT positive and 31 cases of TCT negative was diagnosed pathologically as CIN I 68 cases,CIN II 45 cases,CIN III 32 cases,CC 11cases,the lesions of pathological diagnosis above CIN I was 156 cases,the positive rate was 43.94%.Conclusion: Using TCT-colposcopy-pathological diagnosis of steps screening for cervical cancer would be more effective in early detection of cervical disease and cervical cancer,it was an effective screening method for cervical cancer.


The paper describes the design and construction of a 1200 t capacity slipway for the Marine Board of Hobart in Great Britain. The landward and underwater ways, haulage equipment and cradle are described and a summary of costs is included. A feasibility study for a 10,000 t slipway.


This is a case study of an alexithymic female patient with hives who was treated with hypnotic imagery-therapy. The patient initially exhibited a deficit in imagination, but with continued treatment her imagination during hypnosis improved. She also developed the ability to verbally express emotions, not only in the hypnotic state, but also in the waking state. In addition, as a result of internalizing the therapist's suggestions of relaxation, the therapy increased the patient's capacity for self-care. It is suggested that hypnotic imagery-therapy is effective in decreasing alexithymic characteristics.


This paper diseusses the relationship between the firm's cleaner production and its business performance in China.With factors and process analysis of cleaner production,implementation of cleaner production is divided into two variables: high-cost projects and low / no-cost projects.Business performance is divided into two variables: financial and non-financial performance.In the questionnaire,many questions to measure the four basic variables above.The four latent variable indirect relationships indicate that there is a positive impact for the cleaner production on business performance.


The organe fruit vinegar brewing process includes the steps of: fruit pulp preparation, rice syrup preparation, alcohol fermentation, acetic acid fermentation, spraying, disinfecting and aging. The alcohol fermentation is a liquid fermentation course with composite fermenting agent and rice syrup added; and the acetic acid fermentation is a solid fermentation course with acetobacteria added. The present invention has good taste, high effective component content and high yield, and contains several nutritive matters.


The ascent of temperature on the planet can be caused because of a few elements like an unnatural weather change, ozone harming substance discharge and numerous other such factors. Climate change is one of the most discussed logical issues of the previous 20 years. The worldwide temperature of the earth has expanded on a normal of about 0.8 degree Celsius (1.4 degree Fahrenheit) since 1880. Since the control of this rising temperature is not in our hands, we have built a project that helps us control the speed of the fan in a room depending on the rise and fall of the room temperature. This paper discusses temperature based fan control fan speed control and monitoring the system using an Arduino system. The system uses an Arduino board to implement a control system. The study was conducted with the design and manufacture of automatic fan control system. Along with Arduino, we have use a temperature sensor LM35 to sense the temperature of the room. The fan control system discussed in this paper is economical, efficient and very reliable.


A couple of decades ago, some South African mining companies formed the Supercrews. These crews worked underground mainly, but some worked on the surface in various capacities. They consisted of a mine captain, a shift boss, and a team of miners, making up about 12-20 team members. They worked very efficiently in dangerous areas, and in parts of the mines in which there were problems. All employees could apply to join, and competition was strong because of the extra remuneration.


Purpose: Major ocular diseases share common risk factors and pathogeneses with stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between stroke and the prevalence of ocular diseases including visual impairment (VI) in the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We investigated the prevalence and associations of VI and major eye diseases with stroke among 4570 participants aged 40 years or older in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The association of VI and major ocular diseases with stroke were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression crude models and models adjusted for demographics and other clinical measurements factors. We also conducted stratified analyses by diabetes and hypertension status.

Results: Among the 207 participants with stroke, the mean (SD) age was 67.34 (11.90) years, 59.5% were women (n=102), and 79.7% were non-Hispanic White (n=127). Major eye diseases were all risk factors for stroke, and the odds ratios (ORs) for mild and MSVI were 3.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02-4.64) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.21-3.83), respectively. Any ocular disease was a risk factor for stroke with OR 4.46 (95% CI: 2.71-7.37), and the OR for other major eye diseases were as followed: DR, 3.44 (95%m CI: 1.84-6.45); cataract, 4.53 (95% CI: 2.75-7.46); AMD, 3.67 (95% CI: 2.29-5.89), and glaucoma, 2.7 (95% CI: 1.41-5.15) (all P <0.05). After multivariable adjustment, the associations were limited to only mild VI (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.32-3.43), AMD (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.18-3.34), and any ocular diseases (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.12-3.15) (all P <0.05). Significant associations between stroke and any ocular disease and DR were observed among diabetic participants, and significant relation between stroke and MSVI was found among hypertension patients.

Conclusions: This sample of the US population demonstrates high prevalence and significant associations between VI and major ocular disease with stroke, which highlights the importance of ocular screening among stroke patients and potential common pathogeneses underlying these conditions.

Funding: This study was supported by The Capital Health Research and Development of Special (2020-1-2052); Science & Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z181100001818003); the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Ascent Plan (DFL20150201)

Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.


Hegemony has been the key concept of political literature after Antonio Gramsci, who was an Italian philosopher, used it. "Hegemony," which was first mentioned by Gramsci in the context of the practice of hegemony construction by a dominating class on social areas. Basic definition, is the concept of "governing with assent. " International perspective says that the hegemony, which is built by the dominating class by universalizing its own benefits as common benefits, thus establishing an intellectual/moral/ideological leadership and organizing the public assent, is the realization of a historical project based on the consensus among the dominating classes ofpredominant countries. In this project, the consensus between the financial powers-ideologiesorganizations was achieved. Energy, especially after oil started to be used in mid 1800s and it has become the most important production and transportation matter after 1900s, brought about its prevailing importance for world politics and world economics. In the 21st century, the energy is the most important factor for public welfare and sustainable development for the countries. Countries are in the race for this important position of energy that have energy resources might provide wealth and welfare. Energy might provide for those countries which possess the resources. On the other hand, energy might cause political and economic instability due to being an area of contest among global powers. Moreover, it is not sufficient to possess energy resources for those countries. These countries need economic and political strength of global powers for supply of energy resources that brings global power contest. As a result of contest, countries control energy supply can increase so those countries strength in global 1 Lee. Taner Karakuzu, Trakya Uni. Uzunkoprii VS, e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com


In the Kirchhoff model of a biopolymer, conformation dynamics can be described in terms of solitary waves, for certain special cross-section asymmetries. Applying this to the problem of electron transport, we show that the quantum effective potential arising due to the bends and twists of the polymer enables us to formalize and quantify the concept of a conformon that has been hypothesized in biology. Its connection to the soliton solution of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation emerges in a natural fashion.


At present, the photographic survey by means of the Schmidt telescope is virtually the only source of information about the position of faint objects. Since there are no methods of astrometric reduction of observations that would take into account specific features of the Schmidt telescope, substantial systematic residual errors prevent the utilization of Schmidt surveys as a source of information about the position of faint objects. As shown in [1], the basic source of systematic errors is that the consequences of the photoplate deformation arising during the exposure are not taken into account in an adequate way. A highly accurate method is suggested in [1] for taking into account the deformation of a square-shaped photoplate. In the present paper, we investigate another possible source of systematic errors-the incomplete contact between the deformed photoplate and its spherical support. It is shown that the incomplete contact may explain the divergence between the model proposed in [1] for taking into account systematic errors caused by the deformation of the plate and real divergences observed in the reduction of Schmidt plates.


The aim of this paper is to map and contrast recent developments in attitudes towards different types of solidarity in Austria and Hungary. The context of the paper is that the economic and the so-called 'refugee' crisis and its social and political consequences have fundamentally affected European attitudes towards solidarity. Such times of crisis are often seen as providing ample opportunities for the populist radical right to prosper. Nevertheless, the above developments do not necessarily mean a weakening of solidarity as its forms may change and its meanings become contested.
Based on a comparison of Austrian and Hungarian results of the ESS round 8 (2016) the article – with the help of k-means cluster and multinomial logistic regression analyses – examines what solidarity positions can be observed and contrasted and how they may be linked step-by-step to 1) objective socio-demographic variables, 2) subjective perceptions at the micro-level (like social trust, well-being, and feelings of insecurity), 3) subjective perceptions at the macro-level (like institutional and political trust, attachment to country and the EU), moreover 4) to different values and attitudes like xenophobia, homophobia, conformism or statism on the one hand, and, 5) to political orientations and voting intentions on the other.


key issues affecting the nation as they position themselves for the much anti cipated post-Soeharto era. Yet Indonesians do have much to celebrate. The country's economic achieve ments and successful social programmes have been internationally recognized and praised. The widely circulated World Bank report, The East Asian Miracle, pointedly identified Indonesia as one of East Asia's (and the world's) consistendy "high-performing economies".1 President Soeharto has received prestigious awards from United Nations agencies citing Indonesia's success in food self sufficiency and population control. Indonesia's economic "miracle" has become well known and it is increasingly seen as a rapidly industrializing nation, eager to participate in the global economic community. Its per capita gross national product (GNP) has grown exponentially, from a mere US$60 in 1967 to approx imately US$900 in 1995. The praise has been so fulsome, however, that it has obscured recognition of some shortcomings in Indonesia's economic growth, particularly in terms of the gap between those who have most benefited from development and the vast majority of the population which remains quite poor.2 None the less, poverty has been reduced and the quality of life for most Indone sians has measurably improved. Most of the credit for Indonesia's economic and social policy successes must go to the New Order government of President Soeharto which has ruled


The supersymmetric standard model (SSM) appears to be firmly grounded in superspace. For example, it would be natural to assume that all the physically important composite operators can be made by combining superfields and superspace derivatives. But even for the simplest possible, free, massless and unbroken SUSY theory in 3+1 dimensions, this is not true. This paper shows that there is a large set of physically important composite operators in the SSM that require explicit factors of the Grassmann odd `$\theta$' parameters of superspace. These explicitly break superspace invariance. These composite operators will be called `Outfields', because they are intrinsically `outside' of superspace. It is not possible to write the Outfields using only superfields and superspace derivatives. The Outfields can be found in the BRST cohomology space of the theory. The calculation of the BRST cohomology space for these theories is performed in this paper using a spectral sequence analysis, starting with the free massless theory, and then adding interactions, and then masses.


A cement-emulsified asphalt mortar used for railway and overhead railway in urban area contains cement and its additive, emulsified asphalt, sand, water, water-reducing agent, aluminium powder, surfactant, defoaming agent, polyacrylic fibres and chlorobutadiene latex. Its preparing process is also disclosed. Its advantages are high flowability, high strength and freeze-thawing resistance, and no environmental pollution.


Despite increased awareness and the availability of potent chemotherapeutic agents, the Group B streptococcus remains the leading cause of life-threatening bacterial infections in the neonatal period. The majority of infections occur in the first few days of life. These so-called "early-onset" infections are often fulminant and are associated with a very high case fatality rate, ranging from more than 20% in recent reports to as high as 80% in older series. "Late-onset" disease occurs, by definition, after the first week of life. It usually presents with meningitis, although a wide spectrum of infections has been reported, including cellulitis, adenitis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Late-onset disease is usually less serious than early-onset disease, although deaths do occur and major sequelae are not rare. Accordingly, attempts to prevent group B streptococcal infections have concentrated on the more common and frequently lethal early-onset disease. Strategies that have been considered to date include antibiotic- and immuno-prophylaxis. In the preceding article, Easmon advocates an additional approach; topical use of the antiseptic Chlorhexidine gluconate in the vagina during labor.


Since the end of the Cold War, the NATO has come up with several versions of "new strategic concept" to achieve its goal of geographical expansion and functional transformation. Cyberspace security through cooperation has topped the NATO agenda since the 2002 Prague Summit Declaration. Faced with the destructiveness of cyber-attacks and the openness of cyberspace, NATO has set up a comprehensive policy network on the basis of its cyber security strategy. However, with the differences between its member states, its cyber strategy is far from being finalized. The recognition of the relationship between the public and privacy, the defense and offense, the virtual and physical world, and long-term and short-term goals, is central to the full awareness of the very nature of the strategy. As a key member, the United States has been playing a crucial role in the formulation of this strategy. Cyber security, a common concern for both the US and Europe, affords a new perspective for researchers to follow the trends of US-Europe relations. Understanding NATO's cyber strategy and its dynamics is essential to both China's perception of the NATO and the trans-Atlantic ties, and the forging of its own cyber strategy.


Sleep quality has become a common concern in clinical medicine and human life.Analysis of sleep all night and evaluation of sleep quality is one of the significant problems in sleep physiological studies.EEG represents an electrical signal of the activities of cerebral neurons,and is a useful tool of studying brain activities at different sleep stages.Based on international sleep staging standard and considering sufficiently the various characteristics parameters of EEG signals,this paper designed a method using BP neural network classifier for sleep staging automatically.The simulation results show that the ameliorative BP algorithm eliminates the limitation of network training impacted by sample's order and the total accuracy of sleep stage is 79.2%.This method as well as the selected 17 parameters of sleep stage not only provide a mean for the evaluation of sleep quality but also extricate the experts from the interpretation of the whole night burdensome sleep record in order to analyze and research in depth.


The wreckage of mechanical elements caused by the wear has been thought as an important problem for the mechanical engineers. Hence, it is necessary to improve the material properties of mechanical elements for the purpose of wear resistance. Moreover, low friction always plays an important role for saving energy. The technologies of materials science and surface engineering have been used widely for these purposes in the industry. Therefore, it is very important to further establish the key technology of wear resistance and low friction by proper materials science for the related corporation. It is well known that the tribological properties of aluminum alloys are much different from the steels. Therefore, it should be special considered and clarified for the aluminum alloys before the industrial applications. This paper is based on the above statements to further investigate the effect of content of silicon on friction and wear of the five aluminum alloys. To monitor the tribological behaviors between the frictional interfaces, the variations of friction coefficient were dynamic recorded during the friction processes. Wear loss was measured by an accuracy balance and SEM was used to observe the wear particles after each friction test. As a result, the better quality of wear resistance and low friction of the aluminum alloy can then be obtained for the industry.


A test is made of the hypothesis that changes in work schedules can significantly reduce traffic congestion in medium-sized auto-oriented cities. Using an extreme case--a single high-density employer in a residential area--estimates are made of the change in peak trips resulting from three alternative work-schedule changes; impact on the surrounding street system is then evaluated using traffic assignment techniques. Results show that even a maximum-impact policy (4-day work week) would have only a marginal effect on local traffic, reducing regional travel costs by only 0.4%, and costs in the immediate surrounding area by only 2.2%. Of all traffic benefits accrued, over 90% flow to actual participants, primarily through the reduced number of required work-trips. Because of the institutional problems associated with implementing such policies on a large scale, it is concluded that efforts to reduce highway congestion in auto-oriented medium size cities through alternative work schedules may not be cost/effective. /Author/


In the attachment theory framework, one can establish attachment relationships throughout one's life. In the case of institutionalized youngsters, even though at first they seem to refuse new attachment relationships, these adolescents end up looking for them, if the person is perceived as a responsive, stable and supportive caregiver. The main goal of this study is to understand whether children and young people taken into Child and Youth Residential Care establish attachment relationships with formal caregivers and, if so, understand how that relationship is built. We have used the questionnaires Important People Interview (IPI; Kobak & Rosenthal, 2010) and Hierarquizacao das Figuras Significativas por Campos de Vida (HFSCV) (Hierarchization of Significant Figures by Life Fields), created to include the youngsters who consider not have developed attachment relations with Residential Care's formal caregivers. We have also conducted a semi-structured interview. Even though we used a quantitative methodology to process the results of the two inquiries, this research nevertheless privileges a qualitative approach, thorough the technique of analysis of interview content. The study was conducted at the "Comunidade Juvenil de Sao Francisco de Assis" residential care institution, in Coimbra, Portugal. It had the participation of 16 youngsters of both genders, with ages between 13 and 19 (M=16; DP=1,8), who had been staying at the home for two or more years, non-interrupted. These 16 adolescents are therefore the total sample for this study, and all of them were submitted to the first part (the quantitative approach) of the research. For the second part (the qualitative approach) we worked with a subsample of 11 youngsters, chosen from the initial sample of 16. Results suggest that most young people have indeed developed attachment relationships with residential care's formal caregivers, and most hierarchies of attachment figures were built based on familiarity and affection bonds with their formal caregivers. The subjects have highlighted understanding, trustworthiness and helpfulness as the features that best determine their preference regarding formal caregivers. We must note that the need for protection and support is what enables young people to look out for attachment figures the most. The current study suggests that it is possible for Child and Youth Residential Care to promote relationships similar to those developed in family environment and acts as repairing in what concerns attachment relationships.


There are large amounts of state owned stocks in the Chinese listed company, which cannot circulate. This brings much hidden trouble to the development of Chinese listed company and security market. We have to consider this problem from a strategic point and adopt multiple methods and various projects to solve it.


HIV and the Brain (ISSN: 978-1-934115-08-4), edited by Robert H Paul, Ned Charlton Sacktor, Victor Valcour and Karen Tokie Tashima, contains an impressive collection of contributions from a variety of eminent voices in the field of neuroAIDS. Although the editors draw from quite a diverse set of international authorities specializing in an array of disciplines, the organization and broad scope of the book represent its strength. Early chapters provide a useful context for subsequent chapters, reviewing the epidemiology, theories surrounding mechanisms of HIV neuropathogenesis and the development of neuroimageing technologies potentially useful in understanding the evolution and progression of disease. In the early chapters, as in much of the rest of the book, discussion of the various topics are couched in terms of the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), how HAART fundamentally changed the clinical course of HIV infection and what has been gleaned by this change from an array of disciplinary perspectives. This is important because the advent of HAART has transformed HIV/AIDS from a terminal illness into a chronic condition. The next set of chapters highlights the features of the disease that stand in greater relief as clinical management has become more long term, requiring the development of more sophisticated standards of care. These chapters emphasize the need for identification of biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect HIV brain disease and also review the spectrum of neurobehavioral sequelae of HIV-associated neuropathology, such as cognitive impairment, functional disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. Later chapters detail contemporary research surrounding the genetic diversity of the virus itself and the implications of this variation for cognitive outcomes. Also, as people infected with the virus and their treatment providers can now anticipate greater longevity, intersections between ageing, infection and chronicity of infection represent a growing area of general interest. Chapters focusing on HIV, ageing and cognitive impairment explore these relations and outline, as of yet, unanswered questions about how HIV might affect normal cognitive ageing and other pathological processes unrelated to HIV, such as Alzhiemer's Disease. Throughout much of the text, topics are both informed and complicated by the reality of comorbidities common to HIV, such as substance abuse, tuberculosis, hepatitis, malaria, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes. They also discuss a variety of risk factors, including poverty and inadequate educational and public health infrastructures in resource-limited settings, that present both as challenges and investigative opportunities. In fact, one chapter focuses on the prevalence of opportunistic infections of the brain in the developing world. Noticeably absent from this volume are chapters reviewing contemporary research on host genetics, CNS disease and cognitive impairment (see [1–3]). This is a promising area of research that is likely to yield important findings related to individual genetic variations that may influence both HIV-associated neuropathogenesis and drug treatment efficacy. However, it is acknowledged that many of these findings are quite new, perhaps making them more suitable for later editions of this book. By and large, this book is notable for its comprehensiveness and its multidisciplinary approach to the subject. As such, it is likely to be useful to a broad array of clinical professionals, such as psychologists, neurologists, infectious disease specialists, primary care physicians and others involved in the clinical management of persons infected with HIV. Although the numbers of people involved in basic and clinical research on HIV are legion, and the pace of scientific advancement is considerable, the book's multidisciplinary emphasis should nonetheless present as a useful guide to scientists who are increasingly being called upon work collaboratively in their investigations.


Summary form only given. A dynamic hohlraum is produced by imploding an array or arrays of high atomic number wires onto a cylindrical hydrocarbon foam. The radiation field produced by this source is one of the closest laboratory realizations of a blackbody in the soft X-ray region of the spectrum. Dynamic hohlraums can be employed for fundamental radiation transport studies as well as for inertial confinement fusion experiments using indirect drive. The nature of the radiation field produced by this source depends critically on the conditions reached within the hohlraum: the electron temperature, density, and their gradients. A series of experiments has been carried out on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories in which thin tracer layers, bearing Al, Mg, or both, have been embedded in the foam. The K shell lines of these elements have been seen in both time-integrated and time-resolved spectra, usually as absorption features. Calculations using detailed configuration atomic physics and radiation transport with up to 4000 frequency groups have been used to diagnose the conditions for several shots. Best fits to both time-resolved and time-integrated spectra have been obtained by comparing the measured line intensities to those calculated for a wide range of assumed conditions. The results constitute an independent determination of the hohlraum temperature which can be compared to temperatures inferred from the absolute intensity of the continuum, and also from the slope of the continuum.


Vulnerability to landslide hazard significant affected by geological condition such as decrease of material strength. The weakness in the composition or structure of rock can be estimated by seismic vulnerability index and shear wave velocity. A hundred seismic stations have installed at along Central Bengkulu to Kepahyang cross lane (mountain region: Bukit Barisan) to record ambient noise as rock response. All of microtremor data analysed by using HVSR and Dinver to get amplification factor, resonance frequency of ground motion and 1D models of shear wave velocity, respectively. Based on distribution of seismic vulnerability index, it has been divided into four zones, including brown zone, red zone, yellow zone, and green zone. Brown zone was a highest seismic vulnerability index (Kg= 25.82) in along of line, then red zone yellow zone and green zone, respectively. Based on shear wave velocity model, red and yellow zones were not significant different with brown zone. Rock structure of them was soft, escpecially on the surface with the thickness about 4 meters. Both of these zone still high risk to landslide like brown zone. Different results have been found on green zone. Green zone was stable and safe zone because it has the lowest seismic vulnerability index. In addition, based on shear wave velocity models, it has hard rock structure on the surface. All of them were compatible with visual observation results and landslide profile in the past. These combination showed that microtremor survey be able to describe geological condition of landslide potential area.


In a recent survey, primary school teachers reported a prevalence rate for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) of one in 80 pupils (Barnard et al., 2002: 5). Interestingly, this prevalence rate is more than three times higher than that reported in secondary schools. Whatever the causes behind the rising numbers, it is clear that secondary schools will shortly be faced with higher numbers of pupils with ASD than they have previously experienced.


This paper presents a method to predict the reverberation absorption coefficient of a finite-size membrane absorbers composed of a singleor double-leaf membrane structure of various configurations. In order to predict the sound absorptivity of such an absorber, it is needed to consider that sound is incident from both sides of the absorber, which has not been accounted for the previous studies on membrane absorbers. The edge effect also needs to be considered if the absorber is rather small. The present method is established based on the theory for absorbers hanged in a reverberation chamber developed by Fujiwara and Makita [J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn(E), 1, 37-45, (1980)]. The same theory requires the fraction of energy dissipation in the absorber, which can be obtained by the difference of absorption and transmission coefficients, and the difference is calculated by the theories for various membrane structures presented in the authors' previous work. An experimental study was also conducted to validate the present method: the predicted values showed good agreement with the measured ones. The numerical examples calculated by the present method are also presented to discuss the effect of the various control parameters, and it is suggested how to improve the sound absorption performance of double-leaf membrane absorbers with a permeable and an impermeable leaves.


ABSTRACT A constitutive model for soils by which the strain increments (dɛx, dɛy and dγxy) are directly related to the stress increments (dσx, dσy and dτxy) is proposed. The stress-strain matrix between the strain increments and the stress increments is expressed in xy-coordinates fixed arbitrarily. In order to evaluate the influence of rotation of the principal stress axes on strains, "principal stress rotation tests" with several rotation times, in which the stress path circles several times along the circumference of a Mohr's stress circle, are carried out by a "two-dimensional arbitrary stress apparatus" using a stack of aluminium rods. The "arbitrary" stress path dependency of strains is also examined by the same apparatus, and analyzed by the proposed model. The finite element analysis of soil foundation under a uniform strip load is performed using the proposed model, and the influence of rotation of the principal stress axes on settlements and lateral displacements is checked by comparing the computed results under different contribution factors (5% to 100%) of strains due to rotation of the principal stress axes. It is seen from the computed results that the settlements and lateral displacements are influenced significantly by the principal stress rotation.


An enhanced ER fluid is disclosed. Polypeptides such as proteins are added to ER fluids. The ER response, particularly increased viscosity in response to an electric potential difference applied to the fluid, is enhanced.


A soft wheat flour, Tokutakaragasa (protein 9.69 %), was dry-heated at 120°C for 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and baked into Kasutera cakes (Japanese sponge cakes). The volume of Kasutera cake increased with duration of dry-heating. Also, the stability of foam in Kasutera cake batter increased with the dry-heating time of wheat flour. The mixograph profile of dry-heated wheat flour also suggests the hydrophobicity of wheat flour. Thus, the results suggest that the hydrophobicity of the dry-heated wheat flour could stabilize the foam in Kasutera cake batter and contribute to increasing Kasutera cake volume.


This module covers the choice for and the operating principles of the Maeslant Barrier, also known as the Storm Surge Barrier in the New Waterway. The module will give you insight into the history of the design and discuss the boundary conditions. In addition, the relationship with the storm surge barrier in the Hartel Canal (SSBHC) will be explained. The workings of the Maeslant Barrier are discussed next, and the process of a complete closure is covered by means of theoretical storm scenarios. Objective of this module is to make the reader familiar with the background and general operating principles of the Maeslant Barrier relatively quickly. This base module is part of a larger collection of documents. The documentation comprises two base modules and five handbooks. The five handbooks are the following: Handbook 1: Dock and dock door Handbook 2: Barrier and lattice arms Handbook 3: Drive mechanism (locomobile) Handbook 4: Ball joint Handbook 5: Civil/Grounds/River


The objective of this study was to assess the performance of several rainfall interpolation methods as evaluated by a conceptual hydrological model. To this purpose, the upper Toro River catchment (43.15 km) located in Costa Rica was selected as case study. Deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods were selected to generate time-series of daily and hourly average rainfall over a period of 10 years (2001-2010). These time-series were used as inputs for the HBV-TEC hydrological model and were individually calibrated against observed streamflow data. Based on model results, the performance of the deterministic methods can be said to be comparable to that of the geostatistical methods at daily time-steps. However, at hourly time-steps, deterministic methods considerably outperformed geostatistical methods. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of HIC 2016.


Results and discussion The head of adult Diptera is characterized group (named 'lower Diptera' in newer contributions) is a paraphyletic group, whereas Brachycera are monophyletic. The head is an essential feature of adult insects, bearing a number of important sensory organs as well as containing the brain. In this study 36 taxa were investigated. The taxon sampling includes at least one specimen from almost all families of 'lower Diptera', but also some brachyceran groups and outgroup taxa. The characters were mapped onto the phylogeny of Wiegmann et al. (2011) to develop an evolutionary scenario for the adult head structures.


THE HISTORY OF THE CANONISATION IN THE RENAISSANCE IS CHARACTERIZED BY A LONG SILENCE OF THE PONTIFICAL PRACTICE AFTER 1523 AND THE LUTHERAN CONDEMNATIONS OF 1524. BEGINING AGAIN IN 1588 AND TRUSTED TO THE CONGREGATION OF THE RITES,THE CANONISATION,IS MARKED,IN THE BAROQUE AGE BY THE GREAT NUMBER,THE OPENING TO THE UNEUROPEAN WORLD,A NEW AND CLEAR SPANISH PREPONDERANCE AND A TRADITIONAL FEMININE MINORITY (20%). THE PROCESSES OF FRENCH AND ITALIAN WOMEN OF THE XVIITH CENTURY-OPENED BEFORE 1700 - AND THE FRENCH BENEDICTINES ELOGES (1679) BY. MERE DE BLEMUR OFFER A VARIED BUT HOMOGENEOUS CORPUS TO STUDY THE PLACE OF THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES IN THE SEARCH AND THE RECOGNITION OF THE SAINTHOOD IN THE XVIITH CENTURY. THE EXPRESSION "MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE" APPEARS AT THE END OF THE END OF THE XIXTH CENTURY WHEN POSITIVISTS AND SPIRITUALISTS ARE IN OPPOSITION ON THE APPARITIONS,ECSTASIES OR VISIONS. SINCE THEN,MYSTICISM IS GIVEN RISE TO A LOT OF MEDICAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL,PHILOSOPHICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL RESEARCHES. IN THE XVIITH CENTURY,THE MYSTICAL THEOLOGY, UNDERSTOOD IN THE DIONYSIAN TRADITION SUCH AS TRANSMITTED BY GERSON,IS A EXPERIMENTAL Science OF GOD. AFTER A PERIOD OF CRISIS IN THE XVITH CENTURY DUE TO THE LUTHERAN CONDEMNATIONS,IT KNOWS A NOTEWORTHY RENEWAL IN THE BAROQUE AGE,OWING TO THE SPANISH CARMELITAN SCHOOL AND IN A SPIRIT OF COUNTER-REFORMATION. IN THE PROCESSES OF CANONISATION AND IN THE ELOGES,THE NARRATIVES OF MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES ARE NUMEROUS.


While the sanctions are a negative means to force individuals to modify their conduct, the prizes are a positive way to motivate them to do so. Even when we have certain desires, we do not always act on them because we are afraid of the negative outcomes that could result from our actions. People have been discussing the benefits and drawbacks of using rewards and punishments in educational settings ever since the beginning of time. There is a widespread belief among educators and other professionals that kids' minds and personalities benefit in good ways from receiving rewards. Students are motivated to put in additional effort when they are offered rewards for their efforts. Many individuals believe that the use of punishment has a negative impact on the pupils' personality and eliminates the behaviors that kids will naturally desire to engage in. Therefore, they are unable to access the educational opportunities that are open to them. Learning is a lifelong endeavor for most people. We continue to educate ourselves even after death. It is an essential characteristic of what it means to be a human being. Therefore, educational scholars, specialists, and teachers seek a definition of the words "education" and "learning" that is clear and easy to understand so that they can throw light on the complicated world of people. The beginning of education and learning can be traced all the way back to when humanity was first created. Many academics and education specialists have provided their definitions, each of which is dependent on the age. Education, on the other hand, is available to everyone since it is a sort of instruction that teaches people how to function effectively in a social setting.


: Previous studies on multiyear droughts have often been limited to the analysis of historic annual flow series. A major disadvantage in this approach can be described as the unavailability of long historic flow records needed to obtain a significant number of drought events for the analysis. To overcome this difficulty, the present study proposes to use synthetically generated annual flow series. A methodology is presented to model annual flows based on an analysis of the harmonic and stochastic properties of the observed flows. Once the model is determined, it can be utilized to generate a flow series of desired length so as to include many hydrologic cycles within the process.

The key parameter for a successful drought study is the truncation level used to distinguish low flows from high flows. In this paper, a concept of selecting the truncation level is also presented. The drought simulation procedure is illustrated by a case study of the Pequest watershed in New Jersey.

For the above watershed, multiyear droughts were derived from both historic and generated flow series. Three important drought parameters, namely, the duration, severity, and magnitude, were determined for each drought event, and their probability distributions were studied. It was found that gamma and log normal probaility functions produce the best fit for the duration and severity, respectively. The derived probability curves from generated flows can be reliably used to predict the longest drought duration and the largest drought severity within a given return period.


MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PROTECTION AGAINST RT-2 GLIOMAGENESIS IN RAT BRAIN UTILIZING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VACCINATION Andrea M. Lister, BA., MS., Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philo sophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003 Director: Randall E. Merchant, Ph.D., Professor Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Primary brain tumor affects some 18,000 adults in the United States each year (Silverberg et al., 1990; Merchant et al., 1997) and over 30% are high-grade anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (parney et al., 1997). According to Kruse et al., 1989, the treatment of patients with recurrent or persistent high-grade gliomas represents a major therapeutic challenge. The use of conventional therapy consisting of surgery, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy for gliomas, has been relatively ineffective (Jaecle et al., 1994) despite the fact that these therapies are cytoreductive in nature (Black, 1991). Most malignancies will recur locally but may also


Objective:To assess the value o f MRI in diagnosing the ligament in jury of knee.Methods:To analyze the f eatures of MRI of the anterior cruciate l igament.All cases were proved by operation or endoscopy.Results:[WT5 "BZ]There was high signal inte nsity on T 1WI、T 2WI、T 2  in anterior cruciate ligament with partial tea r b ut the fiber was intact.The direct signs with complete tear were the interruptio n、thickened and distortion of ligament.A mass could been seen at the adhesion of the ligment.There were diffusely high signal intensity in the ligament on T 2WI.The indirect signs were antiposition of the tibia and distortion of the Post erior cruciate ligament.Conclusion:MRI pla yed an important role in the diagnos is of the injured ligaments of knee.