ABSTRACT We are interested in treating the relationship between a dependent variable y and a multivariate covariate in a semiparametric regression model. Since the purpose of most social, biological, or environmental science research is the explanation, the determination of the importance of the variables is a major concern. It is a way to determine which variables are the most important when predicting y. Sliced inverse regression methods allows to reduce the space of the covariate x by estimating the directions β that form an effective dimension reduction (EDR) space. The aim of this article is to propose a computational method based on importance variable measure (only relying on the EDR space) in order to select the most useful variables. The numerical behavior of this new method, implemented in R, is studied on a simulation study. An illustration on a real data is also provided.


The aim of this research project was to develop and examine new assessment and treatment programs for children with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Specifically, the aim for the first study was to design and evaluate a new computerised, advanced theory of mind measure that could be used to evaluate treatment outcome in Phase 2 of the Project. Vignettes for this measure, termed the 'Animated theory of Mind Inventory for Children (ATOMIC)', were written by the chief investigator, and animated by a team of computer programmers. Following pilot testing and refinement, the final measure consisted of 18 cartoons and accompanying theory of mind, central coherence and memory control questions. Results showed that relative to the control participants (n=25), children with AS matched on IQ, verbal comprehension, age and gender (n=25) performed equivalently on the ATOMIC central coherence questions, but more poorly on the theory of mind questions. However, there was significant overlap between the theory of mind scores obtained by children with AS and typically developing controls, suggesting that either not all children with AS are impaired at attributing mental states to others, or that the ATOMIC theory of mind scale required further refinement to enhance its sensitivity in detecting subtle metalizing deficits. A significant relationship was found between participants' performance on the ATOMIC theory of mind questions and the accuracy of the mental state explanations that they provided on Happe's (1994) Strange Stories Task, supporting the validity of the ATOMIC theory of mind scale. These findings suggest that theory of mind deficits may not characterize all individuals with AS, and in cases where they are evident, they cannot be solely attributed to generalised problems in integrating information. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed. The second study for this research program involved the design and evaluation of a new social skills intervention for children with Asperger Syndrome: the Junior Detective Training Program. The development of this intervention is discussed in detail, with the final 7-week program consisting of a computer game, small group therapy sessions, parent training sessions and teaching information handouts. Results showed that relative to children in a wait-list control group (n=23), children who participated in the therapy program (n=26) showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention, as indicated by parent-report measures. Teacher-report data also suggested that children involved in the therapy program made significant improvement in social function from pre- to post-treatment. Child-based competency measures indicated that children in the treatment group were better able to suggest appropriate emotion-management strategies for story characters post-intervention that at pre-intervention, whereas children in the control group were not. However, children who participated in the therapy program did not appear to make greater improvement on theory of mind measures over the course of the treatment than matched control. Follow-up data suggested that treatment gain in social function were maintained by children at 5-month post-intervention. When control participants were offered the treatment program, they demonstrated similar gains in social and emotional understanding over the course of therapy as the initial treatment recipients, providing further support for the efficacy of the intervention. Implications for the present findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.


This study describes the spatial and temporal variations observed at the Limassol Harbor area covering a period of more than 25 years. All multi-date satellite imagery data used for this study acquired during the summer period, covering a period from May to August. The goal is to examine the temporal alterations been observed at the Limassol Harbor area during the years passed and the spatial variation according to the distance from the Harbor. Two areas were selected, one covering the area inside the Harbor and one other covering a larger area involving the area inside and outside the Limassol Harbor. Those two areas where cut off and water area was masked in order to indicate the differences observed. Temporal and spatial variations were apparent after applying unsupervised classification and stretching methods.


A statistical analysis is provided for the sample co-variance matrix of the forward-backward (FB) minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. Unlike the forward-only case, its covariance matrix does not follow the complex-valued Wishart distribution. However, we can prove that after a proposed unitary transformation, the new covariance matrix has a real-valued Wishart distribution. Based on this result, a close-form expression of the output SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio) for the finite sample FB MVDR beamformer is then derived. Our analysis shows that the error of the output SINR with FB precessing is reduced approximately by half compared with the case without it, as also verified by simulations.


The thermal battery based on Li (M)/FeS2 electrochemical system used for weapon system at present has advantages of stable voltage and high capacity. However, its further application is limited due to the disadvantages, such as low conductivity and bad thermal stability, especially at high overload and opencircuit shelving. The experimental results show that CoS2 with high conductivity, good chemical stability and high decomposition temperature is expected to be the new cathode material to substitute FeS2. Compared with the thermal battery using FeS2 as cathode material, the thermal battery using CoS2 has similar capacity, lower internal resistance (40% lower) and the obvious higher properties in largecurrent discharge, opencircuit shelving, etc.


Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), often measured using white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) is a pathological change to the brain that increases ones' risk for both age‐related cognitive decline and dementia. Several studies have noted that there is greater risk of CSVD in African Americans than in Caucasians. However, limited research has examined WMHs as a proxy of CSVD in an ethnically diverse sample. The goal of this research was to determine whether WMH load differs between African Americans and Caucasians.


AbstractThe composition and thickness of coloured films produced on copper by selenious acid have been studied. The composition of the films has been determined by a combination of electron and X-ray .diffraction techniques and was found to be Cu1.8Se. The colour produced by the copper selenide is due to interference effects. The thicknesses of these films required to produce various colours were determined by an electrometric technique and were found to vary approximately in the same manner as for copper(I) sulphide and copper(I) oxide. A given thickness of the copper selenide produced approximately the same colour as an equal thickness of copper(l) sulphide or copper(I) oxide. Resume Cette etude porte sur la composition et l'epaisseur de fums colores produit sur du cuivre par l'acide selenieux. Deux techniques, la diffraction des electrons et celIe des rayons-X a permis d'etablir que la composition des films est Cu1.8Se. La couleur du selenate de cuivre est due a des phenomenes d'interference. Les epais...


This paper presents an ID tag concept which is LED powered. The photovoltaic effect of the LED array is used to harvest energy from ambient light or from light source in reader device in order to power the tag. Harvested energy is stored in a capacitor that is used to supply ID tag logic which transmits ID information using one diode of LED array which is also used for powering. The powering circuit, i.e. LED energy harvester is tested for various commercially available LEDs, to determine the most suitable LED type with respect voltage gain and current drivability. The power consumption of presented LED ID tag is optimized using Response Surface Methodology with respect to the following input parameters: frequency of operation, frequency of data transmission and the data packet length with respect to the consumed power and the transmission distance. The optimization proposes optimal input parameters for minimum power consumption and maximum operating distance, presenting a compromise between the aforementioned parameters in reference to the input variables.


It was found that a large orthorhombic anisotropy is induced in (EuBi)<inf>3</inf>Fe<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> garnet films grown on (110) NdGG substrates. The Bi content is controlled by regulating the melt composition and the supercooling temperature. Gyorgy's parameter B = ¿2(Ku + K<inf>p</inf>) increases linearly with the Bi content. The main part of B was found to be growth-induced. Gyorgy's parameter A = K<inf>p</inf> - K<inf>u</inf> is very small and almost independent of the Bi content. The growth- and stress-induced parts of A were found to be considerably larger, but of opposite sign, and were found to compensate each other almost completely, although their respective absolute values increased with increasing Bi content. The following were obtained as the magnetic properties of the (Eu<inf>1·8</inf> Bi<inf>1·2</inf>)<inf>3</inf>Fe<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> film: saturation magnetization 4¿Ms = 1560 G, uniaxial anisotropy K<inf>u</inf> = 1.6 × 105 erg/cm3, in-plane anisotropy K<inf>p</inf> = 1.6 × 105 erg/cm3, quality factor Q = 1.7, material length l = 0.06 ¿m and wall mobility ¿w ¿¿<inf>o</inf> = 19 ms¿1Oe¿1. Such film might be useful as 0.5-¿m bubble material for current access devices.


When dealing with security concerns in the use of network infrastructures a good balance between security concerns and the right to privacy should be maintained. This is very important in scientific networks, because they were created with an open and decentralized philosophy, in favor of the transmission of knowledge, when security was not a essential topic. Although private and scientific information have an enormous value for an attacker, the user privacy for legal and ethical reasons must be respected. Thus, passive detection methods in cybersecurity such as honeypots are a good strategy to achieve this balance between security and privacy in the defense plan of a scientific network. In this paper we present the practical case of the University of Granada in the application of honeypots for the detection and study of intrusions, which avoid intrusive techniques such as the direct analysis of the traffic through networking devices.


This research is motivated by the high self-confidence of early child in PAUD Adzkia III Village Korong Gadang, District Kuranji, Padang CityThis research is quantitative descriptive research. The population in this study was 29 teachers. Sampling using cluster random sampling technique obtained 22 people sample from 75% population. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires, while the data collection tool using a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique used is the percentage formula.The result of the research shows that 1) the picture of self-confidence planting through the independent aspect given by the teacher to the child looks very good, 2) the picture of confidence planting through positive thinking aspect given by the teacher to the child looks very good, and 3) the picture the cultivation of trust through the brave aspect of expressing the opinion given by the teacher to the child looks very good. Suggestions in this study is expected to the teacher in order to maintain and increase confidence planting in school so that the child's confidence continues to increase.


Our objective is to model indirect contagion among companies. We use pieces of news about companies to measure the similarities between them. We assume that two companies are similar if we may associate a story about one company with the story about another company and vice-versa. First, after statistically eliminating arbitrary similarities between companies, we introduce a network based on the news similarities. Second, we evaluate a vector of stationary probabilities associated with the process of contagion that takes place in the network and we use these pieces of information to define the notion of centrality. Third, we use this vector of stationary probabilities to build an associated graph that reveals the most important paths of information contagion. Finally, we build a model of indirect contagion and evaluate the size of the information avalanches that take place in the similarity network.


There would be general agreement that antisocial behaviour among adolescents has become more apparent in the last decade in the very societies, Iike the United Kingdom, where its putative causes in poverty, bad housing, and social inequality have in fact diminished. Eysenck offers an alternative theory to that of sociological cause and effect that is based on a development of "conscience" by prolonged Pavlovian conditioning, a process that would be weakened by such toleration of bad behaviour as is involved in "permissiveness. " Further, he identifies evidence for a process whereby a genetic factor in the cortex, that influences certain personality traits, also renders individuals less able to acquire such conditioned responses quickly and Iastingly. Hypotheses would suggest that those chi/dren and adolescents that exhibit certain traits of personality would beneflt from a regime of conditioning more rigorous than is needed for others.


In the current unscrupulous neoliberal climate, social workers are increasingly confronted with ethical and political tensions that clash with the profession's commitments to human rights and social justice. However, despite neoliberalism's global reach, the scholarship on social work professional resistance has been largely limited to the Global North. Taking into consideration this absence in the literature, this article seeks to explore the possibilities for professional resistance in the Global South, specifically, in Chile, a country in which neoliberalism was forcefully imposed and that has experienced an exponential growth in social movements over the past two decades. The following article explores the structural and material conditions that have historically shaped social work resistances, arguing that the current social and political climate, specifically, the constitutional process under way, presents a space from which new resistances are possible and necessary in order to challenge neoliberal hegemony.


Reading list for Year 2 students on the module Language and Society in the German-Speaking World at the University of Leeds


Dissection of neck arteries including carotid artery is among the vascular injuries following blunt neck trauma. Manifestations of this injury are usually delayed and present as neurological problems. This injury is accountable for about 2% of cerebral infarctions but causes 20% of brain strokes in patients less than 45 years old. Aiming to discuss and emphasize the importance of this injury, in this article a case of carotid dissection presenting to emergency department (ED) is presented. The patient was a 34 year-old woman that visited ED following left hemiparesis, dysartery and headache that had initiated a few hours back. She had a history of hospital admission 10 days before due to car accident and rollover, and had been discharged with good general health following required examinations. In brain computed tomography (CT) scan, there was evidence of sub-acute ischemic infarction around the middle cerebral artery. Considering the age of the patient, evidence of wide ischemia and history of recent trauma, neck artery dissection was suspected and angiography was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of carotid artery dissection.


Local permutational symmetries are shown to supply approximate quantum numbers for a system composed of approximately localized subsystems. Local permutational symmetries associated with simple valence‐bond wavefunctions in the separated‐atom limit are studied and in certain cases are found to yield a nonphysical combination of local permutational symmetries. This nonphysical behavior can be avoided by use of a certain suitable form of configuration interaction or by a projection with either an appropriate chemically canonical matric basis element or a generalized structure projector.


The maize wheat cropping sequence is very important cropping sequence for meeting local food needs and ensuring food security. Maize [Zea mays L.] wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)] is the most prominent and popular double cropping sequence under irrigated conditions in north-western parts of India. The contribution of this cropping sequence to total cereal production is considerably large, being 31% of wheat (72.06 mt) and 6% of maize (14.1 mt) (FAI, 2006). Traditionally being a monsoon season crop, maize-wheat is still the predominant maize based system (1.8 m ha) and is 3 rd


The work try to confirm, once again, that mining in Peru affects ecological systems and the environment. This is possible because of corporate power and the weakness and complicity of the state. In this sense, one of the objectives of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of a national problem, which is pollution, from a concrete case: A spill of mine tailings caudalosa Chica. The central themes developed include a description of the facts, causes, damages, penalties, environmental impunity. etc


This paper analyzes the state of bidding for construction project and some existing problems, and advances some suggestions on perfecting and improving the bidding for construction project.


Not only type but also content of organic matter has an effect on maturity parameters (Goodarzi et al., 1993; Huc et al., 1985; Jasper et al., 2009; Scheidt and Littke, 1989). In this study, we compare the chemical and structural composition of kerogen, concentrated and isolated from sedimentary rocks with that of coals and single macerals (vitrinite, sporinite, and cutinite) from the same depth intervals based on elemental, pyrolytic, and optical analyses. With the analyses of several coal seam intervals within a narrow maturity range we aim to detect differences in chemical and optical properties such as the composition of pyrolysis products and functional groups and vitrinite reflectance in order to elucidate if and how the amount of organic matter in a source rock influences maturation/timing of the formation of hydrocarbons.


Shrieks and complaints, accompanied by body language, contribute markedly to Malory's representation of Elaine of Ascolat's emotionality. Elaine's two shrieks echo Lancelot's and indicate change from sorrow for a wounded beloved to heartbreak when he rejects her. When Elaine is compared with speakers in love lyrics, allegories, and romances, the thoughts in her unarticulated complaints after the pained second shriek may be understood and related to her defence of complaint and perseverance in love despite rejection. Similarly, Elaine's complaint letter, including its overlooked moan to ladies, reflects a state of tranquility and brings about a just resolution.


We will present two topics. One is winter extreme-cold-events (ECE) detected by JRA-25/JCDAS reanalysis object dataset over Mongolia. Since 2000's ECE frequently occurred rather than 1990's, closely linking with synoptic scale circulation change in mid-high latitude. Such synoptic scale circulation change triggered by changing area of sea-ice over Barents Sea. Second topic is vegetation reaction process revealed by satellites observation. We used MODIS spectral reflectance dataset boarded on Terra/Aqua platform. Also we used two vegetation indices: One is major vegetation index, NDVI, the other is Green-Red ratio Vegetation Index (GRVI). NDVI is applied as proxy index of biomass, GRVI is regarded as proxy of biodiversity index. Based on matrix field of NDVI and GRVI, we define the recover status (2012) from herbaceous degradation in 2009. We found that faster recovered areas were located in the foot-fill. More detailed (e.g. degradation process period) analysis will be show in presentation.


The brain of cocaine administrated rats was histopathologically investigated by light and electron microscopy. The examined regions were the nucleus accumbens core and shell, and the striatum pars dorsolateral. Morphometric analyses concerning the density of dendritic spines and the number of large aspiny neurons were also performed. A total of 15 male rats, 8-week-old, were used as experimental animals. Cocaine HCL was intraperitoneally injected into the rat at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. These rats were divided into three groups based on examination purposes such as staining techniques for histology and electron microscopy. As a control group, a total of 15 rats were injected with 0.9% saline solution. In the cocaine administrated rats, the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons in the above three regions were increased compared with that of the control group. At the ultrastructure level, the dendritic spines were frequently observed in the experimental group. The large aspiny neurons of the striatum pars dorsolateral in the experimental group showed a tendency to increase in number. These findings were statistically supported by morphometric analyses. From these obtained results, it is suggested that the increase of dendritic spines and of large aspiny neurons might be induced by cocaine administration, and these facts might cause the alteration of synaptic connectivity pattern in mesocorticolimbic dopmine circuitry.


Background: Enteral nutrition is a widely used, standard-of-care technique for nutrition support in critically ill and trauma patients.
Objective: to determine the role of feeding jejunostomy as a safe way for enteral nutrition in patients who meet the criteria for its use.
Method: prospective, comparative study done in the 3rd. surgical unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st.of January 2003 till 1st. of April 2009, of 230 patients who fit the criteria for feeding jejunostomy insertion. The patients were divided into 2 groups (those with feeding jejunostomy 122 patients (53%) and without feeding jejunostomy 108 patients (47%)). We follow up these patients using the particular parameters.
Results: feeding jejunostomy was performed in 122 patients (53%), 68% of feeding jejunostomy was performed in urgent procedures, pancreaticoduodenal injuries was the most common indication. The BMI was noticed to be either increased in 48 patients (39.34%) or stabilized in 70 patients (57.37%) with feeding jejunostomy, while the lymphocytes count was either increased in 64 patients (52.45%) or remain within normal range in 56 patients (45.9%) with feeding jejunostomy, while serum protein level showed no decrease in any patients with feeding jejunostomy. Diarrhea was the most common complication observed in 14 patients (11.5%) with feeding jejunostomy.
Conclusion: Feeding jejunostomy is an effective and safe way of delivering nutrition postoperatively. It leads to increase or stabilize BMI, lymphocytes count and serum protein level, although it produced GI complications which are generally mild and resolve quickly with non-invasive treatment.


A border encompasses three different meanings: a line to be defended or crossed, an empty area to avoid contact and a space which produces new meanings. Since the unification of Italy its eastern border has mostly been perceived as a line of conflict. Only for a few decades has it been devoid of violence. Its conflictual character is to be sought in a general cultural process which from the 6 th to the 8 th century saw Slav populations settle on the periphery of what was then the "centre" of the civilised world (Rome and Byzantium). The Slavs demanded recognition on an equal footing with the dominant model of civilisation, which considered the "Slav presence" as inferior. To move beyond a deep-rooted conflict it will be necessary to reconsider the border as a space with positive potential.


This invention provides a management method and a system for favorites of network browser of a mobile terminal, in which, the method includes: A, setting up a backup favorite for a mobile terminal in a server to synchronize it with the favorite of the network browser in the terminal, B, managing the favorite of the network browser of the terminal by interacting with said server.


While India can boast of having the third largest higher education system in the world, reality is that India is facing a severe shortage of skilled human resources. The reason for such a contrasting situation is the extremely low quality of primary, secondary, and college-level education in India. A possible way-out from this situation is privatization of the education system, which is predominantly public at present. Privatization of education has the potential to improve the quality of education as well as to reduce the cost. However, to ensure access to education for all, the government must design an effective transfer-payment system. Educational institutions in Kerala still lay emphasis on traditional courses in arts and science subjects. The job markets in foreign countries are now seeking specialized labourers. Traditional pattern of education provided by the institutions of Kerala cannot meet the needs of these job markets. The failure of the public system of education to add new specializations to existing courses, as also to start new courses in emerging areas, has led to the migration of students to other states. The courses in fast growing areas like computer education travel and tourism, hotel management, foreign languages etc. are provided by private institutions in Kerala. In Kerala, social, religious and political organizations acted as pressure groups for the establishment of new institutions. But it has been criticized that the education system of Kerala lacks quality. The lack of proper investment is the main constraint for the modernization and diversification of the education sector. Private agencies played a major role in the expansion of the educational sector in Kerala. These institutions are liberally aided and supported by the government. The number of private aided schools and colleges outnumber the government- owned institutions. Now the government is sanctioning the private self- financing institutions. This article examines liberalization and decentralization policy in education and its effects on education quality and equity in Kerala state.


We perform THz near-field measurements on bowtie antennas made of doped Si and gold. The measurements show a similar local field enhancement for the different materials. These measurements constitute the first demonstration of plasmonic near-field enhancement using semiconductors at THz frequencies. Semiconductors offer the possibility of ultrafast optical switching of plasmonic resonances (on a ps time scale), which will enable the active control of sub-wavelength fields. Since this excitation can be implemented in picoseconds time scale, these structures can be used as a tool for ultrafast sub-wavelength THz spectroscopic purposes.


The student data of foreign language training school was preprocessed by the attributes reduction,date cleaning and attribute construction,the decision tree was constructed with the left attributes by the way of information gaining,the VIP customer characteristics was drawn:the trainee which were the university's student of owning the member card and whose foreign language level was under middle;female trainee of own the member card and was not a university's student;the trainee of education level was high school or under high school.


Abstract:This essay proposes a fresh conception of Arthur Hugh Clough's understanding of the nature of authoritative knowledge and the limits of human teaching. It begins by asking why "The Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich (1848)" is so hard to read and argues that it is misguided to present the poem as a text with a clear 'thesis'. Unwilling to ascribe pedagogic authority to debate or writing, the poem finds its best hope in that which is mysterious, even ghostly. Difficulty is at the heart of its intellectual drama and points to the essence of Clough's thinking about how to learn in daily life.


The study of the possibilities of using roses in park compositions «Sofiyivka» is based on the analysis of literary and archival sources. The study of the factual material makes it possible to assert that roses were represented in the park compositions of «Sofiyivka» throughout the history of its development. Currently, most of the compositions with roses are located in the new part of the park, beyond its historical core. At once, the function of compositions with the involvement of roses changed from decorative with a certain symbolic meaning, which is characteristic of sentimental and romantic parks, to exhibitional and decorative in combination with recreational, research and educational functions in our time.


This paper studies how frequent-flyer program members change their purchase behaviors as they progress toward achieving elite status, with moral hazard playing a significant role.


Objective To determine the activity of TBX1 gene promoter,and identify the critical region of TBX1 gene promoter.Methods TBX1 gene promoters with different length were isolated and amplified by PCR,digested and inserted into pGL3-Basic reporter gene vector.293T and COS7 cells were transiently transfected with reporter plasmids containing TBX1 gene promoters with different length using FuGene HD.Forty-two hours later,the activity of TBX1 gene promoters with different length was compared with luciferase detection.Results There were differences in activity among TBX1 gene promoters with different length,and the activity of TBX1 gene promoters with 5 kb and 1.2 kb in length was higher.The activity of TBX1 gene promoters varied in different cells,with the highest activity of TBX1 gene promoter with 5 kb in length in COS7 cells and that with 1.2 kb in length in 297T cells.Conclusion In transcriptional level,TBX1 promoter could activate the expression of reporter gene.The activity varies among promoters with different length.It is suspected that 1.2 kb upstream region of transcript start site is critical to TBX1 gene promoter.


Dynamics of linear and weight growth in mussels M. galloprovincialis of three size groups from different bays of a habitat during the annual cycle has been studied. The obtained results permitted establishing similarity and difference in the growth rates. Mussels in the Laspi bay as to the rate of linear and weight growth surpass molluscs from the Kazachya bay. Character of changes in the weight of dry substance of the tissue for the most share of the annual cycle is the same in molluscs from the both bays which can be explained by synchronism of gametogenesis. Most intensive growth was noted in all the size groups during the summer months in the temperature range of 18,4—22,7 °C.


The article analyses the experience of implementing the regulatory and legal mechanism for the development of the educational potential of senior citizens in Russia and abroad; it substantiates the need for its application in social practice. The purpose of the study is to determine directions, features and forms of implementing the regulatory mechanism for developing the educational potential of senior citizens in Russia and abroad. Results: the comparative analysis of the experience of different countries has revealed the success of implementing the regulatory mechanism for public management of developing the educational potential of senior citizens; it has determined its most effective form, such as the public-private partnership (Denmark, Holland, Sweden). In Russia a sufficient legislative framework has been formed; it allows the effective implementation of the regulatory mechanism for the development of the educational potential of senior citizens. The main directions of implementing this mechanism in Russia and abroad are creating universities of the third age, as well as developing programs of additional professional education. The main feature is the joint training of young people and senior citizens at the educational programs in order to transfer some social and professional experience to the new generation (France, China). Keywords—regulatory mechanism, public administration, senior citizens, human potential, the educational potential of


In this article we consider the risk neutral dynamics of a certain, stochastic capital market model and introduce a new, real-world measure induced by a risk premium process. With respect to that new measure, there exists a distinguished self-financing portfolio process (Growth Optimal Portfolio). The aim of the present article is then to answer the following question: Are there any compatibility conditions for the risk premium process so that the Growth Optimal Portfolio is the right deflator for pricing derivatives with respect to the real-world measure in a market consistent way?


ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of various embolic material and operative procedure on the therapeutic efficacy of selective "sandwich" embolization of bronchial artery for treatment of hemoptysis.MethodsFifty(eight patients with hemoptysis were divided into two groups:①Group A received the selective "sandwich" embolization of bronchial artery;②Group B received single gelfoam embolization.ResultsAfter following up for 1/2~3 years, the healing rate and total efficacy were 87.5% and 100% in Group A; 65% and 92% in Group B. By comparison, significant difference of cure rate existed between both groups (P 0.05 ).ConclusionSelective "sandwich" embolization of bronchial artery is a rapid and effective measure to control hemoptysis, showing excellent long term results.


Twelve parents of patients with homocystinuria and 12 normal control subjects were given standard L-methionine loads. Determination of plasma concentrations of homocystine and cysteine-homocysteine disulphide, of urine concentration ratios of homocystine: cystine, cysteine-homocysteine disulphide: cystine, and homocysteic acid: cysteic acid allowed a distinction to be made between the two groups. The findings indicate the value of the L-methionine loading test for detection of heterozygotes for homocystinuria, particularly where facilities for fibroblast culture and cystathionine synthase assay are not available.


In 1405 Sino–Iranian relations hit a nadir. Tīmūr (1336?–1405), never one to bother with the niceties of diplomacy, had detained and executed Chinese ambassadors sent to his court by the Ming emperors Hung-wu (r. 1368–98) and Yung-lo (r. 1403–24) in 1395, 1402 and 1403, had amused himself by regularly insulting Emperor Hung-wu, publicly calling him the "Pig Emperor", and had finally decided to invade China to claim it for himself and Islam. Fortunately, for all concerned, Tīmūr drank himself into a stupor on the night of 18 February 1405 and expired at his base camp at Utrār where his troops were assembling for their march to China. The Chinese campaign was immediately abandoned as succession suddenly became a more pressing matter. It would continue to occupy Timurid energies until 1411 when Tīmūr's fourth son, Shāhrukh (1377–1447) gained control of the empire.


The invention relates to a recovery and comprehensive utilization method of heavy metals in stainless steel pickling wastewater sludge and discloses a method for recovering and recycling nickel and chrome in sludge generated during the treatment process of stainless wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: leading waste liquid during the pickling process to be directly used for leaching metal ions in the sludge to save the consumption of reagents; adding a certain quantity of acid or alkali in each reaction tank through arranging a plurality of reaction tanks; controlling a pH value; effectively separating various matters according to different solubility of inorganic compounds; researching and developing a recycling technology of the heavy metals in the stainless steel industrial sludge, wherein the recovery efficiency of the heavy metals like the chrome and the nickel is high; leading the recovered heavy metals to be used for smelting stainless steel; leading recovered iron to be used for preparing an efficient flocculating agent; and leading the flocculating agent to be used for sewage treatment to realize sewage reuse and save the treatment cost. The invention has the advantages of simple process and easy operation, as well as popularization and application.


Adhesion of mammalian cells is mediated by a protein layer adsorbed from biological fluids or the extracellular matrix. For bacteria, this 'conditioning film' also exerts an influence even if the membrane receptors are not the same. In fact, in the early stage of adhesion, whatever the surface considered, cells and bacteria are somehow in contact with proteins. These assumptions shed light on the role of protein/surface interface in the early stage of cell or bacteria adhesion. In this article, we will first review some of the techniques currently used for the analysis of such a bio-interface from a surface science point of view. Then, we will focus on the possibility to chemically model such a bio-interface. To achieve this goal and simplify the numerous interactions between a protein and cells, the biomolecule can be probed at different scales: amino acid, peptide and protein as a whole. We will examine how the surface chemistry can help to graft these fragments, what are the strategies to graft a huge molecule on a surface and what are the relevant parameters to realize a biomimetic surface, taking into account the modifications undergone by the surface during the sterilization step.


This study was conducted in order to analyze user behavior and preference factors in the outdoor spaces of mental hospitals. Among hospitals with 250 or more beds, 5 hospitals were selected in consideration of size of garden and diversity of garden elements. The subject of the study was restricted to mild cases of schizophrenia while 30~50 patients were selected on the recommendation of their doctor from 5 hospitals, respectively. The physical environment was analyzed, focusing on space components, after visiting the sites of study. A face to face interview method was selected in consideration of patients' cognitive abilities, a total of 230 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Rest facilities occupy the largest numbers in the components of garden, and those are followed by landscape facilities, walking/exercise facilities, and experience facilities. Outdoor walking/exercise programs are classified into group walks and free walks with most patients taking group walks. Most of the patients visit these outdoor spaces every day but some of them rarely use the outdoor areas. In order to increase the efficiency of using these outdoor spaces, the percentage of space for ensuring a sense of control should properly harmonize with the percentage of space to facilitate patients in having social contact. With regard to the reasons for preferring the most widely-used outdoor spaces, landscape/environment property was the most important, followed by functionality and then accessibility. Major activities in the preferred space are mainly composed of walking/exercise and rest. The preferred facilities are waterscape facilities such as ponds, waterfalls and fountains, rest facilities such as pergolas and shade trees, and lawn. It was understood that naturalness should be considered to be the most important factor in constructing a new healing garden, followed by aesthetics and amenities. Single facilities rated by preference for introduction were flower beds, trails, and lawn. According to type, waterscape facilities such as fountains, ponds, waterfalls and waterwheels were most preferred. Space for natural distraction and programs for the cultivation of flower beds were also preferred. The ideal image of a healing garden should be bright, familiar, and orderly as a whole, having plenty of introduced 정신병원 옥외공간의 이용행태 및 선호요인 분석 Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 166 한국조경학회지 제 42권 6호(2014년 12월) 73 facilities. Open spaces were preferred to enclosed spaces. Finally, the image of a garden that helps patients feel calm was thought to be that of the most ideal garden.


Sound source detection is a difficult problem in uncertain shallow water. The horizontal linear array robust subspace detector (HRSD), which is a detector for horizontal linear array, requires little prior informations about uncertain enviromental parameters. But the detection performance of HASD degrades to be the same as the energy detector when the HRSD is difficult to further separate the signal from the noise in the subspace. We propose a detector based on kernel principal component analysis, which provides a higher detection performance with the same prior information requirement. The kernel matrix is constructed by the observation matrix of horizontal linear array. It is reasonable to construct the kernel matrix using the observation matrix when the array aperture is small. The simulation results show that the detector based on kernel principal component analysis has higher detection performance than HRSD under different environmental parameters. Meanwhile, the robustness of the proposed detector was close to that of the energy detector.


Empirical evidence suggests that opportunities to buy land through the market and the use of internet have
resulted in new processes of land grabbing, and an upward trend in the ownership of land by foreign and other
non-local buyers. In addition to 'traditional' large land holders, new actors are now entering the stage.
On the internet, large numbers of real estate companies offer large tracts of land to private investors: 'Now is
the time to purchase the dream home you've always wanted. You have your choice of living, in the charming
colonial city of Granada, at the beach or on the slopes of a volcanic lagoon with a breath taking view. There is
something for everyone in Nicaragua' (from an internet advertisement). Elsewhere, new industrial
development contributes to a massive conversion of rural land to urban uses, as in the business parks
surrounding several 'globalizing' Asian cities and their associated real estate 'booms' and infrastructure megaprojects.
In the process, local communities are uprooted and existing land use patterns dramatically changed. Largescale
interventions in local land markets also include NGOs and public sector agencies acquiring extensive areas
for use as nature parks, often associated with a tourism development strategy. Tourism operators increasingly
buy the most scenic areas, and UNESCO world heritage sites are increasingly expropriated and managed by
non-locals.
Many small-scale interventions are undertaken by migrants living abroad who invest in land holdings back
home, for use after retirement or speculating on the future rise of land prices. Recently, huge areas are bought
for the purpose of growing bio-fuel crops, resulting in important land use changes. In many countries any
foreigner may buy and own property, while in others, public sector agencies act as intermediaries to facilitate
access to land for non-local users.


Scholars have made two conclusions about the relationship between difference and contradiction: on one hand,difference is contradiction;and on the other hand,difference is not contradiction.Both of the conclusions are not completely perfect.Based on the accordance or the internal difference between the two,or based on the developing course of contradictions,difference is contradiction;while based on the external differences between the two,or based on the quality of contradictions,difference is not contradiction.Therefore,we should study the relationship between difference and contradiction based on both the internal and the external differences between the two.


Objective To investigate the value of treadmill exercise test in the diagnosis and intervention treatment evalution of coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods Selective coronary angiography and treadmill exercise test were performed in 216 patients with suspected CAD.Treadmill exercise test was also performed in 50 patients 1 week and 6 months after intervention treatment.Results Sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediclive values of treadmill exercise test for diagnosing CAD were 67.1%,87.6%,781% and 79.7%,respectively.Positive rate of treadmill exercise test was decreased significantly(P0.01),while treadmill exercise duration and metabolic equivalent were significantly increased after intervention treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Treadmill exercise test is a simple,feasible and noninvasive method not only for diagnosing CAD,but also for the evaluating of intervention treatment efficacy.


Nowadays, there are different leadership styles in different organizations that depend on that organization management and which styles are used for guidance and leadership. The most important leadership styles in large organizations that are used for are such as imperative, advisory, collaborative and compassionate styles. Leadership style can affect on the staffs job stress conditions. In this research,we are seeking for the effects of different leadership styles on job stress. For reaching this relationship, different kinds of leadership styles were measured by a questionnaire in one of the regions of national oil products distribution company. On the other, we used standard questionnaires for measuring job stress that Cronbach's alpha was used for evaluating the validity of these two questionnaires. For statistical analyze, we used hypothesis test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression with repeated entering. The results showed that: There is significant relationship between predictablecompassionate and collaborativemanagement with job satisfaction. So that there is the highest degree of job satisfaction in this leadership style. According to the results in this research,it is considered that the properties such asempathy, high motivation and self- awareness and self -confidenceare affected by leadership styles that it is necessary to be considered by managers of organizations in choosing kind of leadership styles according to the work conditions and the staffs.


Recently the demand for natural gas as clean and safe energy due to concerns about global warming and interests in green ship is increasing. The dual fuel(DF) engine, one of environmentally friendly engines, is preferred for general merchant ships and power plants as well as LNG carriers. This is for the reasons of having higher efficiency and lower nitrogen and sulfur oxides emissions by operating on LNG fuel with a small amount of light fuel oil. In this study, the engine body vibration characteristics of 12V50DF in a generator set with engine-resilient-mounted, generator-rigid-mounted and flexible-coupling configuration are investigated through theoretical analysis and comprehensive vibration measurement. This analysis showed the dynamic behavior of engine excitation forces and seismic waves. And the suitable countermeasures for reducing vibration and safe operation are proposed.


Oelomin dam is one of the small dams located in Oelomin village Nekamesa Subdistict Kupang Regency. This dam was built in 1993, in order to overcome the lack of water shortage which happened in the village. According to the observation, the dam has become not as useful as it was before, for the sake of water usage. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discover the function of the Oelomin dam from the physical, the functional, the operational and maintenance point of view.
The method used is survey method and descriptive analysis, which only illustrates the research result by giving a certain value to every variable or aspect according to the likert scale.
The result analysis, has showed the physical aspect value is 2.38, this explains that physically, the dam is not fully functioned yet, the functional aspect is 3.10, this explains that the function of the dam is optimized by the society, the operational and maintenance aspect is 1.49 which explains that operationally and the maintenance of the dam is in great condition. Generally, according to analysis the Oelomin dam is not in great condition with the value 2.32


A mathematical model is proposed to analyze the stability of composite shafts, considering the internal damping, transverse shear deformation and Poisson's coupling effect at the same time. The str...


Toronto NOTE: In this paper we use the linguistic terms verb and pronoun interchangeably with the mathematical terms function and variable. INTRODUCTION In standard APL [ISOSS] certain forms are ungrammatical, and new definitions could be adopted for them without conflict. Such definitions we shall call phrasal form [AHD76]. For example, if b and c are pronouns, the phrase b c is meaningless , and in APL2 [IBM851 the definition (c b), (c c), where c is the APL2 enclose function, is adopted for it.


In 2015 October, the Be/X-ray binary 4U 0115+63 underwent a type II outburst, reaching an X-ray luminosity of ∼1038 erg s−1. During the outburst, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) performed two Target of Opportunity observations. Using the broadband spectra from NuSTAR (3–79 keV), we have detected multiple cyclotron lines of the source, i.e., ∼12, 16, 22, and 33/35 keV. Obviously, the 16 keV line is not a harmonic component of the 12 keV line. As described by the phase-dependent equivalent widths of these cyclotron lines, the 16 keV and 12 keV lines are two different fundamental lines. In our work, we apply the two-poles cyclotron line model to the observation, i.e., the two line sets are formed at the same altitude (∼0.2 km over the NS surface) of different magnetic poles, with ∼1.1 × 1012 and 1.4 × 1012 G in two poles, respectively.


Modern bridge night landscape as a key component of urban night scene illumination lighting,not only should reflect itself night landscape vision effect,but also green energy conservation and management efficiency must be learned.This paper based on the night of a bridge lighting control requirements,simply introduced the system and principle of ABB i-busKNX,and introduced the design method,construction procedures and technology of ABB i-busKNX system for a bridge landscape lighting control,furthermore point out the advantages and characteristics of ABB i-busKNX system for a bridge landscape lighting control.


Celiac disease (CD) is a condition with a strong genetic predisposition that may affect people of all ages and gender. The established prevalence of the disease varies from 1:70 (in Australia) to 1:120 in Europe [1]. However, about 80% of the affected people remain undiagnosed. The main features of the disease are inflamed and flattened intestinal mucosa leading to small bowel damage [1]. Although CD is considered as an autoimmune disease characterized by sensitiveness to gluten throughout the whole life, thus, in this sense patients are never cured, even though a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) allows CD to be managed effectively [2]. The pathophysiology of CD remains elusive, although a substantial progress in the knowledge of gluten sensitization and the role of some environmental factors was made.


The objective of this paper is to emphasize the Common Fixed Point in Fuzzy 2- Metric Spaces and prove a common fixed point theorem of compatible mappings of type (R) in fuzzy 2-metric space. We consider four mappings of which one is continuous. The results generalize many results in the literature. Some illustrative examples are furnished which demonstrate the validity of the hypotheses and the degree of utility of our results.


Carbotek has developed a process for oxygen production from ilmenite-rich lunar deposits to support lunar base operations and large-volume propulsion needs. The reduction of iron oxide in ilmenite by hydrogen at elevated temperatures in a fluidized-bed reactor yields water vapor which is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen which is returned to the reactor. Mining and process equipment are powered by nuclear or solar means. Reaction rate, thermodynamic equilibrium, and lunar-gravity fluidization behavior are key factors which have been considered in the development activity.


The VLBI 2010 committee of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) developed a concept to achieve an improvement of the accuracy of geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to 1 mm for station position and 0.1 mm/yr for station velocity. This so-called VLBI2010 concept includes broad-band observations with fast slewing telescopes and proposes twin telescopes to improve the handling of atmospheric turbulence that has been identified as a limited factor for geodetic VLBI. Several international projects following the VLBI2010 concept have been started in the last years. One of them is the Onsala Twin Telescope project which is expected to start operating in 2016.

In this study a global VLBI network is scheduled, simulated and analysed. The chosen network is the CONT11 network, a 15 days long continuous VLBI campaign performed in 2011 that gave the current state-of-the-art geodetic VLBI results. Results derived from simulated observations in this network including either the legacy 20 m radio telescope at Onsala or the planned Onsala Twin Telescope are compared. The comparisons include station positions, earth orientation parameter, atmospheric parameter and clock estimations. A general improvement can be noted with the Onsala twin telescope. The best results are derived with the twin telescope operating in continuous mode.


CuO-ZnO catalysts for sorbitol hydrogenolysis were prepared by co-precipitation method, and the effects of CuO/ZnO molar ratio, precipitation temperature and pH value on the performance of CuO-ZnO catalyst prepared were investigated. The H2-TPR, SEM and XRD were used to examine the reduction property, surface morphology and the crystal phase of the catalysts. Using the CuO-ZnO catalyst prepared with molar ratio of CuO to ZnO equal to one, precipitation temperature of 70℃ and pH of 8.0, and under the hydrogenolysis conditions of temperature equal to 200℃, pressure of 11.80 MPa and reaction time of 5 h, the best catalytic activity with the conversion ratio of sorbitol equal to 86.42% and yield of C4~C6 polyols equal to 59.18% can be achieved. It was found that CuO is the active component of the CuO-ZnO catalyst for sorbitol hydrogenolysis and both the molar ratio of CuO to ZnO and the content of CuO in the catalysts affect the catalytic performance significantly. The function of ZnO in the catalyst is to disperse CuO and to adsorb and activate hydrogen, and then enhances the reducibility of CuO and improves the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol. In addition, during preparation, the precipitation temperature and pH might exert remarkable effects on the catalyst performance through determining the formation of phase morphology and crystallinity of the catalyst prepared.


Surgical Treatment of Masturbation.?Dr Timothy Haynes of Concord, N.H., recommends that in hopeless cases of masturbation and nocturnal emissions a part of each spermatic duct should be removed. This can readily be effected by a small incision midway between the external inguinal ring and testis. He considers such an operation preferable to castration, and gives notes of three cases in which it appears to have done good.?Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, 9th August 1883.


An increasing number of schools are offering Architectural Engineering (AE) programs; currently there are 20 schools across the United States. However, only few of these AE programs include acoustics as a main option in their curricula. A comprehensive review of U.S. graduate programs in a report of "Technology for a Quieter America" by the United States National Academy of Engineering found that there is not sufficient training for students in acoustics in the U.S. This presentation will review the Nebraska Acoustics Group, housed within the AE program at the University of Nebraska which began in 1998. To cope with the needs, students could study acoustics within any of our five engineering degree programs (BSAE, MAE, MEng, MS, and PhD). There are currently two AE faculty out of 13 who focus in acoustics at Nebraska, and the program regularly offers at least six recurring acoustics courses. Descriptions of the acoustics courses, the research interests of the Nebraska Acoustics Group, and where our gradua...


The potential of secure coprocessing to address many emerging security challenges and to enable new applications has been a long-standing interest of many members of the Computer Research and Applications Group, including this author. The purpose of this paper is to summarize this thinking, by presenting a taxonomy of some potential applications and by summarizing what we regard as some particularly interesting research questions.


This report details the results of a domestic and international review of recently-developed intelligent transport systems technologies, including a qualitative indication of their costs and benefits. A total of 70 technologies were identified of which 25 are under the direct purview of Austroads member agencies. A process for evaluating the technical quality of publications was developed and applied to 39 studies.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society A two gap preformed pair model for the underdoped cuprates: application to scanning tunneling and electronic Raman spectroscopies DANIEL WULIN, CHIH-CHUN CHIEN, HAO GUO, James Frank Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, DIRK MORR, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, KATHY LEVIN, James Frank Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago — The controversy over whether the pseudogap arises from precursor superconductivity or from another elusive order parameter has been intensified with the discovery of the so-called two gap behavior. This two gap physics is associated with different responses and inferred spectral gaps in the nodal and anti-nodal regions as observed in angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy and related quasi-particle interference (QPI) patterns and in electronic Raman scattering. We have previously shown that two gap behavior in ARPES is compatible with a pre-formed pair picture based on BCS-BEC crossover. Here we address recent STM experiments at the level of QPI and using a gap inversion procedure introduced by the Princeton group. We also consider Raman experiments in a related formalism. The two gap physics results from the presence of both condensed and non-condensed pairs associated with a stronger than BCS attraction, and associated small coherence length. Our results, which compare a variety of different inferred gaps as a function of temperature for the most part compare favorably with existing experiments and make predictions for future experimental studies. Daniel Wulin James Frank Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago Date submitted: 08 Dec 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


The Triassic Shublik Formation in northern Alaska is one of the major source rocks in North America, having generated much of the petroleum in Prudhoe Bay and associated fields. The middle Shublik Formation, the focus of this study, is a highly phosphatic, organic-rich carbonate mudstone interval. Apatite cements can occur as phosphatic peloids, steinkerns, elongate or angular nodules, and shells or shell fragments. We propose a model whereby phosphatization is favored in early diagenetic environments that have low concentrations of dissolved iron relative to reactive organic matter in the pore water sulfate reduction zone. Background Statement and Aims The Middle to Upper Triassic Shublik Formation is a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate-phosphatic unit with significant organic-rich intervals. It is a major source rock in northern Alaska, having generated much of the oil in Prudhoe Bay and associated fields (Peters et al., 2006, and references therein). The Shublik is also being evaluated and tested as a self-sourced resource play (Houseknecht et al., 2012; Duncan and Bird, 2013; Scheirer et al., 2014). The phosphatic component in the Shublik Formation represents the largest Triassic age phosphorite deposit in the world (Dumoulin et al., 2019; Trappe, 1994; Cathcart and Gluskoter, 1991), yet this aspect of the Shublik Formation is often over-looked in favor of its excellent source quality. While the Shublik Formation is not the only phosphatic-rich source rock (e.g., Miocene Monterey Formation), enrichment of phosphatic minerals is not a widespread attribute of known source rocks. Our aim here is to characterize the variability of phosphate occurrence in the middle interval of the Shublik Formation, focusing on the likely origin of phosphatic cements with respect to other observed precompaction cements. This information will allow for a better understanding of phosphatic enrichment in the middle Shublik Formation. It will also provide a clearer picture of early diagenetic processes, particularly cementation, in organic-rich carbonate mudstones, leading to more robust models of porosity evolution and reservoir quality in these important resource plays.


Sub-cooled average void fraction in natural circulation is investigated using high-temperature high-pressure RBI optical probe in this paper. The experimental data are compared with the existing Saha model, Levy model and Sun mass true quality model. The result shows that these models based on forced circulation do not fit in the natural circulation. The analyses of the experimental data in this paper indicate that the void fraction in natural circulation is higher than that in forced circulation. In addition, the Sun mass true quality model is improved in this paper, and the improved model agrees quit well with the experimental data in natural circulation .


Today's society is an information society and information technology has revealed its broad advantage in application.The Project-Module cross cultural cultivation in colleges shares large blending space with information technology.This paper,from the perspective of cross cultural English teaching in colleges,will firstly differentiate and analyze the concepts and features of Project-Module cross cultural cultivation and secondly analyze the necessity of information technology in the application of such cultivating mode.Finally the specific application of information technology will be given from the following three perspectives,namely,the establishment of interscholastic cross cultural repository,the reform of cross cultural teaching,the innovation of cross cultural teaching method to provide reference for the innovation and development of English teaching in colleges.


Telomerase activity and telomere length have been shown to be involved in the control of cell proliferation and regulation of cell senescence. The expression of telomerase activity may endow cells with the capacity of unlimited proliferation and immortality. The authors examined the telomerase activity and telomere length of intracranial meningiomas to determine the relation between the results and the clinicopathologic behavior of these tumors.


—T-norms and t-conorms are basic operators of fuzzy logics. The classifications of these operators are significant prob-lems. Some results of the classifications of fuzzy logics operators for fuzzy sets are given in [3,4]. In 2013, we defined the picture fuzzy sets [5,6] and in 2015 some representable t-norms operators and t-conorms operators were defined and firstly were presented in [7,8]. In this paper, we will investigate the classification of representable picture t-norms and picture t-conorms operators for picture fuzzy sets.


The results for the fourth in a series of environmental radioactivity intercomparison exercises is detailed. In general, the results are satisfactory and a comparable performance to the previous exercises has been achieved. In particular there has been an improvement in the results for some nuclides where cascade summing has hitherto been a problem.


The purpose of this study was to find out corellate value of serum ALP activity with the process of fracture healing in rat with therapy Cissus quadrangularis extract. This study used 18 male white rats (Rattus Norwegicus) age of 12 weeks. After 1 week of adaptation, all rats were treated femoral dexter osteotomy under aseptic conditions. Then, reposition of femoral dexter fractures with intramedullary pin fixation. The rats model were evenly randomly divided into three groups at 2nd weeks after surgery: group I treated with normal diet, group II with normal diet + CaCo3 supplement 150 mg/day, group III with normal diet + Cissus qudrangularis extract 500 mg / day per oral. Furthermore, the treatment was carried out for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment (6th weeks after surgery), the blood samples were taken directly from canthus orbitalis dexter for alkaline phosphatase analysis. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova using SPSS for Windows program. The results indicated that ALP activity was significantly decreased ( p < 0,05). The more complete the fracture healing process, ALP activity the closer to normal value. The conclusion is the serum total ALP actvity have a positive correlation with the process of fracture healing and could be used to determine the progress of fracture healing of the surgically treated fractures.


By means of thermodynamic equilibrium calculations emission coefficients of molecular bands of A1O and CN are computed. For given pressure and particle concentrations the coefficients show well defined maxima at certain temperatures, usually referred to as normalized temperature of the band system. This behaviour applied to electrical arcs explains the existence of aureoles caused by molecular emission of CN and some metallic oxide bands localized at fixed distances from the centre of the arc. The local temperature of the area of maximum intensity depends not only on the dissociation energy and excitation energy of the molecule in question, but may be altered by the presence of additional components and stoichiometric conditions. Thus, the normalized temperature of band systems arising from heteronuclear molecules cannot be considered as an unchangeable quantity.


Objective To investigate the role of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in neuropathic pain in mice.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice,aged 7-8 months,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation group (group.S,n =9) and chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group (n =27).CCI was produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve.Six animals were taken from each group and paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT)and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimuli (PWTL) were measured on day 1 before operation and on day 1,3,5,7,10,14,17 and 21 after CCI.Three mice were sacrificed on day 3 after CCI in group S and on day 1,3,5,7,10,14 and 21 after CCI in group CCI.The L3-5 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of Akt,phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK-3β by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,PWMT was significantly decreased and PWTL was significantly shortened on day 1-21 after CCI,the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulated on day 7-21 after CCI,and the expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK-3βwas significantly up-regulated on day 1-21 after CCI in group CCI ( P < 0.05).Conclusion Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain in mice.

Key words:
Protein-serine-yhreonine kinases; Glycogen synthase kinase 3; Neuralgia


Over the course of history, man has confronted innumerable conflicts and almost as many times has tried out different procedures to resolve (managc) these conflicts. Although he has been able to survive, we cannot say that he has been successful in developing a set of effective procedures to handle his conflicts. His survival must be attributed much more to flexibility in adapting to diverse environmental situations under crises than to an ability to resolve internal conflict. Today man again confronts conflicts of overwhelming magnitude and still has only a hodge-podge of procedures available to manage them. It is the purpose of this paper to continue our comprehensive and systematic survey and analysis of conflict management procedures to stimulate their development and make them more commensurate with the size of the problem. We begin to develop a methodology of general use for identifying and even constructing conflict management procedures applicable to each of a significant number of the many conflict situations that have come to exist and are possible. In section 2 we recognize that in one or more respects every complex conflict situation is unique; yet, there are many important characteristics common to a number of these situations. Hence, we try to set down systematically characterihcs that may be important to one or more possible complex conflict situations. Thus when seeking to identify relevant conflict management procedures for a given conflict situation, we are in a position to characterize as fully as possible the important properties of that situation, as well as its total scope. Having in mind the need to match the unique as well as non-unique elements of any given conflict situation with one or more useful conflict management procedures,we discuss in Section 3 key properties of conflict management procedures. We are then in a position to consider in Section 4 the process of matching a specific conflict situation (a target) with an "ideal" conflict man-


While the advent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator use has improved daily life and long‐term prognosis of CF for many with approved CFTR mutations, approximately 10% of people with CF (pwCF) have only symptomatic treatments available.


Researchers have developed an artificial material that converts linear polarization to circular polarization with both spin and orbital angular momenta in microwave beams.Researchers have developed an artificial material that converts linear polarization to circular polarization with both spin and orbital angular momenta in microwave beams.


Dry bacteriorhodopsin (BR) film was fabricated into sandwich photocell and has differential photocurrent response to rectangular light pulse. And rectification was observed in the dry photocell of indium-tin oxide/BR film/Parafilm/stainless steel, but not of the steel/BR film/Parafilm/ITO. This is an evidence of electrode-mediated rectification. Measurement of equilibrium potential suggests that the working electrode/BR film interface have different property from that of its counter electrode/Parafilm/BR film interface. The interfacial effect of the electrodes may dominate over that of the orientation of BR. Polarities of acid or base induced transient current confirmed the presence of rectification behavior of the electrode. The results will help to understand the mechanism of differential response of BR film.


Filter optimization and implementation is dependent upon operator representation. The present chapter examines translation-invariant logical operators and places them into the framework of mathematical morphology, in which case the operators are represented as unions of hit-or-miss transforms when they are nonincreasing and as unions of erosions when they are increasing. The elementary morphological operations of erosion, dilation, opening, and closing are covered. A key aspect of the chapter is the structural analysis of thinning, thickening,and differencing filters, since these play a central role in digital document processing.


There are some difficulties in a construction of confidence regions in nonlinear models with constraints. Even the exact algorithm (in the case of normali ty) can be derived, the numerical calculation is rather tedious. Thus if a simple algorithm can be find it will be preferred in practice. The aim of the paper is to find a simple criterion which enables us to decide whether it is possible to use algorithms used in linear models.


This paper presents a novel deep learning model for short-term sea ice forecasting that accounts for the effects of teleconnection and delay phenomena on sea ice changes. The proposed model is a convolutional neural network with an embedded attention mechanism that takes into account the past 21 days of Arctic environmental element data as input. It is capable of providing daily forecasts of sea ice concentration in the Arctic core area for the next 49 days. Notably, the model outperforms both the deep learning sea ice forecast model Icenet and the numerical sea ice forecasting models ArcIOPS and SEAS5, demonstrating its superior short-term forecasting capability for sea ice.


This paper reports on nonuniform heavy ion irradiations of YBCO coplanar resonators aimed at controlling vortex-induced microwave dissipation and nonlinearity. The adopted moving-target irradiation technique allows producing tailored profiles of columnar defect density to get an optimal compromise between defect-induced enhancement of vortex pinning and addition of dissipative scattering. The same samples were characterized before and after irradiation in order to evaluate the surface impedance, by means of data analysis suitable to account also for the substrate properties. In the case of the modulated dose profile, matching the fundamental-mode field distribution along the resonator, the onset of nonlinearity is shifted toward higher circulating power, without increasing dissipation. Finally, the possibility to locally modify by irradiation the properties of the material to obtain the confinement of external perturbations, while maintaining the current continuity throughout the whole device, has been preliminarily tested.


The research was performed to show the feasibility and scale-up potential of production of replacement parts for long lead time DoD critical components utilizing a sand 3D-printer with indigenous desert sand to produce casting molds from a digital drawing of the actual part. Replacement and/or spare parts could then theoretically be manufactured by pouring molten metal into these molds. Success was achieved in producing parts in a laboratory setting by pouring molten aluminum into 3D-printed desert sand molds of smaller components, but scale-up proved difficult, as the fine desert sand did not fully adhere to itself, and the mold strength was less than optimal. Lessons learned could potentially be utilized to further this effort in the use of different sand, for example beach sand, which may be easier to process. Introduction Additive manufacturing has changed the face of conventional metal forming technologies. Conventional metal casting involves the manufacture of solid forms or patterns that sand is formed around to develop the shape of the cavity that is filled with liquid metal. The patterns or tooling for castings will often cost as much as 100 times that of the needed casting and require weeks to months to produce. The tools must then be stored, maintained and repaired between uses. Because of the amount of space required and the length of time required for producing patterns, the technology is not conducive to a mobile manufacturing platform. Additive manufacturing and digital part creation has allowed the production of castings within days rather than weeks or months. It has reduced the need for the lengthy production of costly tooling with requirements for storage space. With the proper tools and training, additive manufacturing for metal casting could allow replacement of critical cast components and provide for weapon system sustainability on or near the battlefield. This approach allows for the geometric freedom provided by 3D-printing as well as the flexibility of traditional casting [1,2]. The vision of this work was to replace the traditional sand mold equipment in the Tactical Fabrication (TACFAB) conex with a sand 3Dprinter, with the hopes of using desert sand and a binder to create casting molds at the point-ofneed. Background It would be advantageous for our warfighters to have access to technology that uses locally available indigenous materials. Several favorable outcomes of this scenario would include reduction of energy and material costs related to transportation, especially for well-established industries and support of local businesses and resource bases [3]. Shrinking the logistics tail is an important benefit of utilizing indigenous materials in-theater [4]. The 2012 Army Sustainability Report, released 31 October 2012, outlines the Army's desire to reduce the number of convoys required to resupply troops on the battlefield [5]. Reducing vulnerable convoys not only saves materiel and lives, but troops assigned to guard these convoys can actually be utilized for their intended purpose – engaging the enemy. The charter to reduce the tail in the combat zone is deemed critical to the success of the overall Army transformation, with relevance to Army future missions [6]. The Army R&D, as well as the sustainment community, should consider the reduction in the logistics footprint a principal goal. As stated in Logistics Transformation – Reducing the Logistics Footprint by Ransom et al., "Technology will be one of the primary enablers to reduce the logistic footprint, and the reduction of the logistic footprint is clearly a key element of the future battlefield" [7]. In addition, the armed forces are increasingly playing humanitarian roles in the context of assisting citizens who have lost their assets in a natural disaster and/or live in parts the world where there is no infrastructure for creating buildings, roads, bridges, or manufacture materials that can clean water, create energy, or repair machines. The ability to build and make materials with indigenous materials dually serves both the armed forces and society's needs. State of the Technology The intent of this program was to further 3D sand printing technology with the incorporation of a printer that utilizes CAD drawings of key components and the use of desert sand (instead of the OEM sand that is intended for use with this printer). This capability would allow the manufacture of replacement parts in-theater, which can be used as "Band-Aids" until the actual replacement parts are delivered to the forward operating bases. One-to-one replacements (where actual replacement parts would not be needed) would reduce the military logistics tail and enable pointof-need production. Work has been done in the area of using sand 3D-printers for metal casting, but none of this research has used actual desert sand. It is reported that sand is the most widely used 3D printed material over metals and plastics [8]. This prior work includes research performed by UNI through America Makes entitled "Additive Manufacturing for Metal Casting" which concluded that 3D-printing casting molds with sand made casting faster and more affordable for the automotive industry within the small and medium sized companies that make up the domestic metal casting supply chain [9]. In similar work, it was determined that binder jet sand 3D printing could be used to manufacture metal components with similar properties to those of traditional sand casting processes [10]. Comparable work has been performed at Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) [11]. Their study concluded that a significant amount of sand could be saved by using 3D printed sand molds versus conventional sand casting. This study also concluded that the surface finish of 3D printed sand molds was higher than conventionally cast parts, and that closer dimensional tolerances could be achieved with 3D printed sand molds versus conventional sand casting. Almaghariz, et. al. claimed that 3D sand printing leads to significantly reduced lead times [12]. A lead time reduction from 10 weeks down to 12 days was provided by Connor [13] and a reduction from four months to four weeks in a case study found in Donaldson et al. [14]). Additionally, reduced labor costs (a savings of $14,000 was found by Connor [13]) as well as improved flexibility, reduced tooling and enhanced mold designs were found to be benefits from using 3D printed sand molds. When it comes to intricate designs, Singh Gill et. al. [15] concluded that 3D printed sand molds were good for parts that were thin-walled. Approach – Proof-of-Concept with Mock Component To determine the feasibility of using desert sand for 3D-printing casting molds, a mock component was chosen. A drawing of this mock component was converted to an .stl file by the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) and subjected to casting software which determined the optimum positioning of gates and risers needed to cast the part. Sand Analysis / Preparation for 3D-Printing For this program, UNI received sand from the National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, Mojave Desert, California. This sand was nicknamed "moon dust" by the Ft. Irwin staff, but the four 55-gallon drums did contain various distributions of rocks. This sand was screened by UNI to a usable US mesh size of 50 – 140 (~297 to 105μm average diameter size). The desert sand was subjected to preliminary chemical analysis at UNI, as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) at ARL to determine composition. Table 1 contains the results of analysis at UNI. EDS was able to detect carbon (most likely contaminant), oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum and silicon. The other elements detected via chemical analysis were in too low of a quantity to be detected via EDS. Table 1 Desert sand chemical analysis Mass% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Cr2O3 TiO2 CaO MgO Na2O K2O 91.13 4.564 0.707 0.001 0.196 1.044 0.031 1.496 0.833 UNI also calculated the pH and acid demand value (ADV) of the as-received sand, versus the same sand that had been screened to 70, 100 and 140 mesh size, respectively. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the pH and ADV was lowered after sieving, making it more suitable for 3D-printing. Chemically, the desert sand underwent baseline testing at UNI according to AFS standard procedure. The pH test determines the basicity or acidity of the base material. This test is often associated with the ADV, or acid demand value. The ADV is used to determine how much acid is needed to cure the resin in chemically bonded sand systems. Lastly, the moisture test is conducted to determine how much water is withheld in the sand prior to experimentation. The pH was determined to be 9.57, which means the material is slightly basic. This is further supported by a high ADV of 24.5. The sand was determined to have a moisture content of 0.41%. Table 2 pH, Acid Demand Value (ADV) and Moisture Content of As-Received Mojave Desert Sand pH Acid Demand Value Moisture Average = 9.570 Average = 24.500 0.41 Table 3 pH and Acid Demand Value (ADV) Screened Mojave Desert Sand pH Acid Demand Value 70 mesh size 8.240 70 mesh size 10.150 100 mesh size 8.410 100 mesh size 10.200 140 mesh size 8.440 140 mesh size 9.950 Average = 8.363 Average = 10.100 Scanning electron microscopy of the Mojave Desert sand showed a layer of dust/clay on the particles. Image J® software calculated the average diameter at 61 +/35μm from analysis of 50 random particles. The commercial sand (silica) that is typically used with the ExOne® S-Max 3D-printer was compared to the indigenous sand from the Mojave Desert. Of note were differences in morphology, particle size and composition. Of these differences, particle size would not matter due to sieving that would result in particles of useful diameter for 3D-printing. Morphology may pose a problem, as particles may range from sharp and acicular to spherical in geometry, affecting packing density. Composition could also have an effect on th


Quang Binh is a rural count y of Ha Giang Province in the northeast region of Vietnam. The County has an area of 774 square kilometer and a population of 50,886 in 2011 among them, there are officials in administrative institutions at districts level (excluding the commune levels). In Vietnam in general and in Quang Binh County in particular, The Public Administration Reform (PAR) Program in Vietnam which has been implemented for more than a decade, has achieved some progress. The overall objective of government pay policies is to get a government workforce with the skills, ethos, motivation, and accountability which are needed for effective, efficient and responsive administration. Therefore, in this context, the relationship between Organization Commitment and Government Officials performance in Quang Binh County is research. The study focus on factors impacting to officials performance in Quang Binh County. The main factors are organization commitment and compensation management which are affected by demographic characteristics. All those impacted are quantitatively researched with data analysis techniques, including descriptive statistics, reliability analysis of the survey scale, and linear regression for hypothesis testing.


Lead-free Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti0.9Zr0.1O3-xLa (x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025) ceramics were prepared by hydrothermal method and were assisted by fast microwave sintering. The effects of La 3? addition on the phase transition, microstructure, dielectric and piezoelec- tric properties were investigated. Single orthorhombic phase was observed in the composition of x B 0.010 and the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phase were detected at x = 0.015 and 0.020, which is characterized by the broadening of (002)/(200) peaks at around 2h * 45. The ceramics show cubic phase when the x was increased to 0.025. The grain size was affected significantly by the La 3? content, reaching a maximum value of *8.2 l ma t x = 0.010. The dielectric constant decreases with the addition of small amount of La 3? and then increases sharply at x C 0.015, exhibiting a PTC behavior at x = 0.020, while no TC was observed at x = 0.025. The Curie temperature (TC) always decrease with the intro- duction of La 3? and the dielectric loss shows a minimum value at x = 0.015. The piezoelectric constant (d33) mea- sured at 50 C of the ceramics were increased after the partial substitution of La 3? because of the enhancement of coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at this temperature. Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties can not be detected when x was increased to 0.02 while they were observed again with further addition.


This paper deals with model-based two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) speed control of two-mass systems. An analytic gain selection of a proportional integral (PI) type feedback controller is proposed. The gains are given as functions of system parameters and desired dominant closed-loop poles. An analytic design of a prefilter is given to complete the 2DOF structure, using the pole-zero distribution of the feedback loop. The prefilter design covers step, ramp, and parabolic reference tracking. The proposed 2DOF controller is evaluated by means of simulations and experiments. The experimental setup consists of two 4-kW servo motors coupled together with a toothed belt. It was found that the proposed controller gives good reference tracking for step and dynamic commands as well as robust and fast load-torque rejection.


justice in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is at least generous to contain the "obsessional fanatics," Caserio, Angiolillo, and Luccheni in the same framework with, say, Herbert Read. But it may well be iustified and what makes it plausible is the careful commentary we are offered. The organization ofthe book is admirable. The first half treats of the giants of the libertarian movement, from Godwin to Tolstoy, each of the seven biographical essays being a fine introductory statement on the life and works. In the second part of his work, Mr. Woodcock ranges over the whole world, tracing the progress of anarchist activity, the rise, tragedies, and fall of national movements. At the international level, organized anarchy was, as he admits, "rather pitiful," caught in the intrinsic illogicality of seeking to go against its own nature. At the personal activist level, it was likely to lead to the atrocity of the Empress Elizabeth's murder in Geneva, or Ravachol's sin against what ought to have been his own ideal when he struck down that nonagenarian fraud, the Hermit of Chambles. To the black flag came criminals and artists, peasants deprived of a Reformation and a Revolution, and that admirer of Kropotkin, Oscar Wilde. By 1959, Mr. Woodcock concludes, the movement was finished, having expired in the Spanish Civil War. It had influenced populist and agrarian reform movements, provided a weapon to destroy the British Rai, and bequeathed a tradition of protest against the world-wide centralizing tendency of the state. But it had failed, for it never won the masses, it was defeated by Bolshevik communism, and it was no match for the Fascist and Nazi barbarisms of our own times.


This account deals with developing trend of biomass plastics based on plant oils. Network polymers were obtained from epoxidized soybean and linseed oils by ring-opening polymerization or curing with acid anhydrides. The oil polymer composites were synthesized using cellulose fibers as filler, and their physical and thermal proper ties were improved in comparison with those of the oil polymers. A bio-based coating for roofs was developed from epoxidized plant oil-modified acrylic polyol. Bio-based polyols for polyurethane production were prepared using castor oil as starting material. Branched poly(lactic acid) bearing a castor oil core was used for preparation of the polyurethane form. It also acted as plasticizer and nucleating agent for biopolyesters such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(3hydroxyalkanoate)s.


BACKGROUND. Network epidemiology is a promising area of an epidemiological research that can facilitate understanding of an infection transmission within a population. An empirical base of the network epidemiology is developing. A theoretical background was established and tested on computer-simulated models. One of the most difficult tasks in moving to empirical field is developing a feasible method of gathering reliable information on network links. This is particularly challenging when those links represent sexual and drug use relationships within a hidden group of injecting drug users. METHODS. Combination of a coupon referral system and a personal network name-generator was used. All participants were asked to provide information about drug users with whom they communicated personally or their sexual partners during the last 30 days. This information was entered into the name-generator. Coupons were provided only for the current risk contacts, i.e. those injecting drug users with whom participants had sex or injected together. There was no limit to recruitment of risk contacts. All recruited and non-recruited but named risk contacts formed egocentric networks of the study participants. These egocentric networks were linked through referral chains into larger network clusters. Repeated referrals provided information for new links. RESULTS. Most of the study participants named and recruited their risk contacts. At each of the 5 study sites not less than 300 injecting drug users were selected from name generators of their peers and recruited through coupon referral system. CONCLUSIONS. Respondent driven sampling was modified to sample network links. Thus recruitment links in the current study are also the risk links through which infection can be transmitted when it is present in the network. These links form the risk network that can be studied by the network analysis methods.


The effect of graded doses of Garcinia kola seed (G. kola seed) on serum cholesterol concentration and some hematological and liver function indices of wistar albino rats was studied. Different groups of the animals were fed powdered G. kola seed (0 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/100g body weight, respectively) once a day for 60 days. Results obtained showed that G.kola seed feeding produced in rats a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum total cholesterol concentration, and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count. The other parameters studied, including haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, percentage packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count and the biomarkers of liver function such as serum total bilirubin concentration, and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were all found to be unaffected by the kola seed feeding. These findings suggest that G.kola seed may have no possible adverse effect on the functions of the liver and may have a beneficial effect as evidenced by its ability to produce significant reduction in serum total cholesterol concentration and a significant increase in the WBC count.


This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of published studies on the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression or anxiety. The study also aimed to identify leading authors, institutions, and countries to determine research hotspots and obtain some hints from the speculated future frontiers. Publications about CHD and depression or anxiety between 2004 and 2020 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Bibliographic information, such as authorship, country, citation frequency, and interactive visualization, was generated using VOSviewer1.6.16 and CiteSpace5.6.R5. In total, 8,073 articles were identified in the WOSCC database. The United States (2,953 publications), Duke University and Harvard University (214 publications), Psychosomatic Medicine (297 publications), and Denollet Johan. (99 publications) were the most productive country, institutions, journal, and author, respectively. The three hotspots of the research were "The relationship between depression and CHD," "depression and myocardial infarction," and "The characteristic of women suffering depression after MI." The four future research frontiers are predicted to be "treating depression in CHD patients with multimorbidity," "psychometric properties of instruments for assessing depression and anxiety in CHD patients," "depression or anxiety in post-PCI patients," and "other mental diseases in CHD patients." Bibliometric analysis of the association between CHD and depressive disorders might identify new directions for future research.


Objective To evaluate the
outcome of the surgical procedure, transplantation of fibular wrap around flap from the big toe,
for reconstruction of half side defect of the distal segment of the thumb. MethodsFor the radial
defect of the distal segment of the thumb,fibular wrap around flap from the contralateral big toe
was transplanted. The fibular wrap around flap from the ipsolateral big toe was harvested for
the ulna half defect. The digital arteries and nerves of the flap were anastomosed to their
respective counterparts of the thumb.The procedure was applied in 3 cases. The postoperative
follow up was 3 to 6 years. Results The transplanted nail grew well and got union with the
remaining thumb nail, with satisfactory appearance. The reconstructed part of the thumb had
sweating function, with 2PD of 4 to 6 mm. All the patients were capable of their original jobs
after the operation. Conclusions It is an ideal procedure to reconstruct half side defect of doing
the thumb by transplantation of fibular wrap around flap from the big toe.


Supermassive black holes are fundamental constituents of massive galaxies. This notion has been accepted since the late 1960s, when it was realised that supermassive black holes might power quasar emissions. Yet, several outstanding questions about the mutual relations between supermassive black holes and galaxies remain after several decades of research. This Thesis addresses some specific aspects of the formation and dynamical evolution of supermassive black holes in the broader context of hierarchical galaxy formation. We use cosmological and idealised hydrodynamical simulations, as well as analytical techniques, to probe: the formation and morphological evolution of high redshift galaxies; the formation of massive black hole seeds within the direct collapse scenario; the evolution of supermassive black hole pairs in gas-rich environments.


Pollution has become the most critical factor spread by forest resources through wood-based and non-wood based industries. In other words, pollution is omnipresent. In this paper, the major pollutants caused due to wood and non-wood based industries are discussed which are the primary resources of the forest in spreading the pollution. In order to study the impact of industrialization and associated pollution on forest resources, the system of non-linear ordinary differential equations is formulated. The controls are advised on both types of industries to reduce the pollution.