Nyaagang Tradition in Lebuh is held every 6 months by every family and is a series of Brass Days in Gunaksa Village, Dawan Sub-district, Klungkung Regency. This tradition is led by the rifts of each family. This tradition is unique because of the form of implementation of Pitra Yadnya teachings held in Lebuh. The Nyaagang Tradition in Lebuh is a unique tradition. The uniqueness is clearly visible from the procession of its implementation and place of execution, Tradition nyaangang in Lebuh is done in front of the entrance of the home yard of each family. The results showed (1) The procession of Nyaagang Tradition consists of preparation of upakara means and implementation phase. (2) The Function of Tradagang Nyaagang there are 3 namely the religious function is to increase sradha bhakti to the ancestors. The social function is to build harmonious social relationships. Cultural function is to preserve Tradition Nyaagang especially to the younger generation. (3) The value of Hindu religious education found in Tradagang there are 3 values of Sradha and Bhakti is convinced by the existence of ancestors and devoted to the ancestors. The value of Solidarity is to increase the sense of unity among family members. Aesthetic value is an element of beauty that is reflected from upakara.


Nonhamiltonian interaction of hamiltonian systems is considered. Dynamical equations are constructed by use of symmetric designs on Lie algebras. The results of analysis of these equations show that some class of symmetric designs on Lie algebras beyond Jordan ones may be useful for a description of almost periodic, asymptotically periodic, almost asymptotically periodic, and, possibly, more chaotic systems. However, the behaviour of systems related to symmetric designs with additional identities is simpler than for general ones from different points of view. These facts confirm a general thesis that various algebraic structures beyond Lie algebras may be regarded as certain characteristics for a wide class of dynamical systems.


G laucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy, is among the leading causes of blindness. IOP is widely recognized as the risk factor that can be modified to slow the progression of this disease. The importance of IOP in glaucoma has been confirmed in numerous well-controlled, multicentered, randomized trials. 1,2 Nonetheless, despite pressure lowering, this neu-rodegenerative disease can still progress, producing structural and anatomical alterations along with functional loss. 3 Documented structural changes, for example, occur within the lamina cribrosa, with a loss of retinal ganglion cells 4 and changes in the ocular vasculature. 5,6 The result of this progressive process is recognized as glaucomatous visual field loss. Priestly Smith has been quoted as suggesting in the 19th century that the glaucomatous optic nerve is not purely a mechanical result but is at least in part " an atrophic condition which, though primarily due to intraocular pressure, includes vascular changes and impaired nutrition in the substance of the optic disc … which may probably progress even though all excessive pressure is removed. " 7 The vascular theory of glaucoma considers glaucomatous optic neuropa-thy to be a consequence of insufficient blood supply due to increased IOP and/or other risk factors reducing ocular blood flow. Over the last few years, there has been mounting evidence in the literature on the possible role in glaucoma played by the ocular vascular system, associated vas-cular cellular mediators, and factors other than IOP. The general consensus is that various contributing risk factors independent of and dependent on IOP are working to advance the damage occurring at the level of the optic nerve and the nerve fiber layer. These risk factors include diurnal fluctuations in IOP, age, arterial hypertension, low systolic perfusion pressure, low diastolic perfu-sion pressure, a reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients, cardiovascular disease, migraines, smoking, and vasospastic disorders. The Thessaloniki Eye Study established the relationship between treatment with antihypertensive medication in subjects without glaucoma and structural changes in the optic disc. 12 In this study, low perfusion pressure was found to be associated with increased cup area, decreased rim area, and a greater cup-to-disc ratio. Despite the data, there is no consensus on these IOP-independent factors. Nor is there agreement on how to regulate and influence these factors. Given the emerging data on blood flow, however, the ocular vascu-lature with associated vascular endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. 13 Researchers have …


This review summarizes recent experimental results regarding the influences of surface nanotopography on stem cell differentiation into neurons and neuronal development. Collections of observations and their interpretations are provided. We specifically focus on the in vivo implications of the results, by suggesting that: (i) neural cells use their intracellular machineries to actively recognize surface nanotopography; (ii) the preferential differentiation of stem cells into neurons and the developmental acceleration of neurons occur on a range of similar nanotopographical features, implying that they have similar biological backgrounds; and (iii) surface nanotopography, therefore, is deeply involved in brain development. We believe that this review will provide biological insights to the field of nano–neuron interfaces and encourage interdisciplinary efforts capable of addressing unsolved biological problems and increasing engineering needs.


It was established by the methods of quantum chemistry that tungsten W and rhenium Re are the most effective additives that increase the hydrogen resistance of aluminum Al. It is shown that W and Re strongly compress aluminum, but at the same time have a rather large covalent radius. In addition, each W and Re atom form stable chemical bonds with 12 Al atoms. As a result, the W and Re atoms strongly bind Al atoms significantly increasing the energy of vacancy formation and slowing down the process of hydrogen embrittlement. All basic physical and mechanical properties of the most hydrogen-resistant aluminum compound WReAl24 have been calculated using density functional theory.


Endogenous growth substances in the shoots of dwarf mutants of Cortland (Cortland 65–6 and Cortland 65–7) and Golden Delicious (Golden Auvil Spur and Yellow Spur) were investigated in relation to dwarfism. The shoots were extracted at three stages of growth, namely: 1) rapid elongation growth, 2) formation of terminal bud, and 3) cessation of cambial growth. The growth substances were partially separated by thin layer chromatography and bioassayed using the Avena first internode and Lepidium seed germination tests.

Shoot extracts from the normal Cortland and Golden Delicious plants contained higher levels of auxins at all stages of growth than those from dwarf mutants. Growth-promoting activity was found in two zones on chromatograms developed with isopropanol: ammonia: water (10:1:1 v/v/v):Rf 0.4 to 0.5 and Rf 0.8 to 0.9.

The Lepidium seed germination test showed the presence of a highly inhibitory zone between Rf 0.3 and 0.4 in the extracts of dwarf and normal plants. However, the peak of germination inhibition activity was sharp for dwarf mutants and less for extracts of normal growing plants at 3 stages of growth. The inhibitory substance(s) was further purified on TLC plates by successive separations in different solvent systems. Two substances which inhibited the Lepidium seed germination were found, one close to the Rf value of synthetic abscisic acid and the other appeared to be similar to xanthoxin in Rf value, biological activity and UV absorption spectra.


With the philosophy of education value-added,the paper use NSSE-China as a tool to survey the situation of learning input of the students.Based on the survey result,we analyse the existing problems in higher education and put forward the reform suggestions.


Drawing on the research for my book Thinking Black: Britain, 1964–85, this article, given as the 2019 Historical Research/Wiley lecture, unpacks the sense of impending change in black political cultures of the long nineteen-seventies, and analyses how black politics worked to carve out new historical subjects. I show how, for those who sought to build new black futures in this moment, imagining these futures meant bringing past experiences of slavery and colonialism into the present as unfinished histories that would be a driving force of change for Britain.


The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz, 1998) is a frequently used measure of implicit cognitions that is typically administered on computers. This chapter reports development of an IAT that can be administered on paper. First, it describes a suggested analytic procedure for paper IAT data. Next, two studies measuring implicit racial preferences are reported that suggest that the paperformat IAT elicits similar but somewhat weaker mean effects than the computer-format IAT, and shows test-retest reliability comparable to the computer-format IAT. The paper format IAT may be more sensitive to the type of stimuli used in the task. It performed better with all-verbal stimuli compared with pictures of faces. Use of the paper-format IAT with verbal stimuli may be a useful supplement to computerized data collections, or a viable approach when computer data collection is not feasible.


Nowadays, many people have several mobile devices with them and frequently move in and out of small adjacent networks. They also join and leave networks frequently by simply switching their devices on and off. Configuration and reconfiguration of mobile devices are cr itical processes for these users, due to the different specifications. In order to provide an " easy-to-use network" , future research will focus on the auto-configuration for network systems. This paper will discuss a survey on current research of auto/zero configurations. I t will summarize and discuss each of these systems developed today and identify the common designs in context.


The article is devoted to the consideration of some aspects of the development of the hospitality industry – the most important element of high-quality customer service. There are several directions of development of these enterprises in Russia. The state of the hotel services market, which requires the enrichment of the theoretical and methodological base, has been studied.


Abstract Uptake of ala in exponentially grown and starved cells of Escherichia coli B/r is inhibited by monochromatic far–UV (254–310 nm) and near UV (310–405 nm) light. The action spectrum for inhibition of ala uptake is similar to that found earlier for gly uptake, showing a maximum at 280 nm and a significant but much lower action throughout the near–UV region. The action spectra suggest that the chromophores for inactivation of ala and gly uptake lie in the carrier proteins and that these proteins are similar. Kinetic studies, in unirradiated bacteria, show that (a) the Km for ala uptake (11 μM) is about twice that for gly uptake (4.9 μM), (b) the Km for ala uptake does not change in the presence of gly, although the Kmax does decrease, and (c) other amino acids, such as ser and phe, have no effect on the Km or Vmax of the ala uptake system. These data suggest that ala and gly are transported by the same carrier protein, with the binding sites for ala and gly on different subunits.


Despite their proliferation, sporting production function studies remain almost entirely U.S.-based, concentrating largely (although not exclusively) on baseball. Mainly due to a dearth of match-play statistics, there have been few studies of other, more interactive sports. This study attempts to partly fill the gap by using a new data source containing information on specific match-play variables to estimate a season-based production function for English Premiership association football teams. On the basis of computed residuals, the authors also identify those teams shown to be relatively efficient and inefficient in various aspects of match plays.


The Purpose of the present study is evaluation of the effectiveness of working memory improvement exercises on increasing the attention and school performance in 9-12 year old children with attention deficit. This is a quasi-experimental study which is of pretest-posttest type, with follow-up by a control group. The statistical population of this research includes the 9-12 year old students of Esfahan Province schools with 6 symptoms of attention deficit, who were chosen by multistage cluster sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The testes of this research were second, third and fourth grade female students, from among whom 15 students were placed in the control group, and 15 students were placed in the experimental group. CSI4 questionnaire and CPT software and working memory software were utilized for data collection, and after a month the follow-up session was held. The collected data was then analyzed in descriptive and inferential levels by SPSS software, and repeated measures analysis of variance was also utilized. Findings of the present study have revealed that the working memory improvement exercises had an impact on decreasing the responding (P


Qualitative research undertaken with bereaved parents who have ritually marked the life and death of their baby who has died in-utero is outlined. The significance for bereaved parents of sharing in the co-construction of naming/blessing ceremonies and/or funerals with a chaplain, as well as participating in the ritual itself is described. A short theological reflection on the risk involved for chaplains in entering into such relationships with bereaved parents is also offered.


Investigating atmospheric deposition over a scale of millennial period is crucial because humans are emitting more and more synthetic and natural compounds (i.e.: pollutants and/or dust) to the environment through the atmosphere. It is therefore necessary to determine the background deposition rate of these compounds, to assess their natural variations (ie.: temporal and/or spatial) and to understand the effects of the increased atmospheric depositions induced by humans on the environment. The primary aim of this work was to improve the understanding of the processes affecting the fate of anthropogenic and natural particles in peat bogs, to see which geochemical processes can affect the suitability and accuracy of peat bogs as archives of atmospheric deposition, and also the effects of these inputs on the bog ecosystem. To test whether peat bogs are accurate archives of Pb atmospheric deposition, Pb distribution was investigated in Kohlhutte Moor (KM), a bog in Southern Germany. Pb is a toxic element extensively dispersed by human activities (Chap.2.1). The atmospheric Pb record assessed using a peat core was compared with other archives, including a snow pack and previously studied Swiss peat cores (Chap.2.2). To this end, new improved methods both methodically (Chap.1.1) and analytically (Chap.1.2 and Chap.1.3) were developed. Also particular attention was given to age dating using 210Pb and 14C and the estimation of the Pb accumulation rate (AR) based on these ages. The most recent Pb AR in KM (2.5 mg m-2 y-1) is similar to that obtained from the snow pack on the bog surface (1 to 4 mg m-2 y-1). The isotopic composition of Pb was measured in both the modern and ancient peat samples as well as in the snow samples, and clearly shows that recent inputs are dominated by anthropogenic Pb. The chronology and isotopic composition of atmospheric Pb accumulation recorded by the peat from the Black Forest is similar to the chronologies reported earlier using peat cores from various Swiss peat bogs and point to a common Pb source to the region for the past 200 years. Taken together, the results show that peat cores from ombrotrophic bogs can yield accurate records of atmospheric Pb deposition, provided that the cores are carefully collected, handled, prepared, and analysed using appropriate methods. In addition, the rates of atmospheric Pb accumulation at least for the last 6000 years were quantified using peat cores from KM and Lindow Bog (LDW), England. In KM, the most recent Pb accumulation rate (2.5 mg m-2 y-1) is 50 to 200 times greater than the "natural" average background rate of atmospheric Pb accumulation (~20 µg m-2 y-1) calculated using "pre-anthropogenic" samples from the same site. The core from LDW (Chap.2.3) shows the potential of carefully studying Pb distribution in a peat profile for regional paleo-ecology and archaeology. Using the Pb/Ti ratio to calculate the rates of anthropogenic, atmospheric Pb deposition, the core reveals Pb contamination first appearing in peat samples dating from ca. 900 B.C. which clearly pre-date Roman mining activities. The timing of the ancient and medieval Pb pollution is also directly related to socio-economical events. 208Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/207Pb data indicate that English ores were the predominant sources for atmospheric deposition in England during the pre-Roman, Roman, and medieval periods. To test whether peat bogs are suitable archives of atmospheric deposition of minerals and after a review of the different possible dissolution mechanisms influencing inorganic particles (Chap.3.1), mineral distributions in the upper part of KM were investigated (Chap.3.2). Similar minerals to the local granite were identified using X-Ray-Diffraction: most of the minerals are therefore of local origin. The distribution of quartz and feldspars is unaffected by the low pH and the abundance of organic acids, possibly due to the early formation of a siliceous layer and/or coating by humic acids. Therefore the preservation of quartz and feldspars in ombrotrophic peat might make bogs useful archives of the changing rates of atmospheric dust since the Last Glacial. In addition, other minerals, calcite and apatite, were identified but only in the topmost samples of the bog. They probably dissolve comparatively quickly and thereby influence the chemistry of the surface of the bog releasing nutrients and therefore influencing the botanical composition of the bog and the rates of plant growth.


Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood with increasing prevalence particularly in children. Many guidelines, especially Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and Practical Allergology (PRACTAL) have had a great impact on improvement in diagnostic and treatment of asthma in children. In children, as in adults assessment of asthma symptom control is based on symptoms, activities limitation and use of rescue medication. We presente six children with different problems in asthma treatment in attempt to help primary care physician to identify possible options for care improvement of this population. *Corresponding author Neven Pavlov, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia, Email:


The invention provides a sail-type street lamp comprising a base. A lamp cap is arranged in the base and faces towards the position over the base. A light passing way encircling the end face of the lamp cap is arranged in the base. The upper port of the light passing way penetrates through the top face of the base and is sealed through a light transmitting body. At least two arc-shaped sailboards symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the light passing way are arranged over the light passing way. The light facing surface of each arc-shaped sailboard is made of light reflection materials. The lamp cap of the sail-type street lamp is not only difficult to damage by external environment, but also convenient to maintain and easy to upgrade and replace.


Using the response surface method(RSM) to optimize the concentrations of lactic acid,succinic acid and corn steep liquor.As a result,in the optimized media when the concentrations of lactic acid,the succinic acid and the corn steep liquor were 3.0,8.1,2.8g/L respectively,glutamic acid concentration obtained was 111g/L,which was over 23.3% higher than that obtained in the basal medium.The same work hasn't been reported previously.


[Objective]To investigate the status of the healthy life style and behavior and basic technical ability and its influencing factors of residents in shantou.[Methods]Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the healthy life style and behavior of 1 002 adults aged 16-70 years old among urban and rural residents in shantou.[Results]The average rate of healthy life style and behavior was 44.0%,and the average rate of basic technical ability of health literacy was 57.7%.There was significant difference between rural residents and urban residents(P﹤0.05),and there was significant different among the different education and genders and income(P﹤0.05).[Conclusion]The level of the healthy life style and behavior and basic technical ability of residents in shantou City needed to be improved,and the activity on health literacy promotion should be developed depending on health education network.


People with disabilities experience a number of difficulties connected with their sex life. It is due, among other reasons, to insufficient sexual education, too few adaptation models, not enough rehabilitation or integration that put emphasis on building a quality of life in that area. One of the proposed solutions is the introduction of the profession of a sexual assistant. Despite the fact that many countries already have trained professionals working in that capacity, there are still many doubts, controversies and speculations connected with this topic. The aim of this study is to present situations and the functioning of the sexual assistants in different countries, and pointing out the benefits and limitations involved in such a profession.


The economic efficiency of potato varieties includes not only yield characteristics, but also taste preservation during storage. Storing potato tubers at low temperatures leads to the degradation of starch and the accumulation of reducing sugars; the latter during heat treatment contribute to the deterioration of taste and participate in acrylamide synthesis. Starch degradation to simpler compounds is achieved in two pathways: hydrolytic and phosphorolytic. In the hydrolytic pathway, hydrolases, including and -amylase, are responsible for cleavage of starch, and exhibit different activities depending on the tissue, organ type, cell localization, and plant species. Amylase activity is regulated at the post-translational level by an amylase inhibitor (AI), which binds amylase and blocks the active site of the enzyme, or changes its conformation, thereby reducing the catalytic activity. Although AI role in plant is very important, present data on the AI genes and encoded proteins in representatives of the genus Solanum are extremely limited. In this study, AI sequences were obtained and analyzed in 36 potato varieties and lines of domestic and foreign selection. Two types of AI coding sequence were identified, 621 and 630 bp, depending on presence of 9-bp insert GGTGCAWTT at the 3 ́-end of the cDNA. The analyzed gene was characterized by an extremely high polymorphism level: exonic sequences contained 134 SNPs (singe nucleotide polymorphisms) (21.3 %), which resulted in 69 amino acid substitutions (33.0 %) in the encoded proteins. Detected GAI/F202 insertion in the C-terminal region of some AI proteins resulted from the 9-bp 3 ́-gene insertion. Among the 69 amino acid substitutions identified, only 11 are radical and may lead to a change in the protein conformation. All of the analyzed potato accessions were heterozygous and possessed several allelic variants of the gene. In total, 70 allelic variants of the gene and 69 associated protein variants are identified. The largest number of single nucleotide polymorphisms is among the allelic variants of the gene in the varieties Lux (18 substitutions), Irbitskii (17 substitutions) and Gala (16 substitutions). The largest number of amino acid substitutions is in the AI proteins in the Gala (9 substitutions) and Gornyak (8 substitutions) varieties.


Which drugs taken concurrently with the new oral anticoagulants put patients with Afib at greatest increased risk for major bleeding?


OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacodynamics between transplanted (Hubei) and original (Yunan) Coleus Forskolin Briq. METHODS Causing asthma in guinea pig by spraying histamine to compare the effect on relieving experimental asthma and dose effect relationship of equal dose of raw drug and extract between transplanted (Hubei) and original (Yunan) Coleus Forskolin Briq. RESULTS Coleus Forskolin Briq from both provinces (Hubei and Yunan) could significantly prolong the latent time of the experimental asthma of guinea pig induced by histamine ( P 0.01 ). Their effects on relieving asthma and dose effect relations were similar. Test for acute toxicity suggested that by intragastric feeding of Hubei transplanted Coleus Forskolin Briq , in guinea pig, the maximum tolerance dose was 259.2 g ·kg -1 . While by feeding of Yunan Coleus Forskolin Briq , the maximum tolerance dose was 115.0 g ·kg -1 .CONCLUSIONS The effects on relieving experimental asthma and dose effect relationship of equal dose of raw drug and extract between transplanted (Hubei) and original (Yunan) are similar, they both have no significant toxicity.


Lava tubes are terrestrial tunnel-like natural subsurface caves. Mounting evidence suggests their presence on the Moon and Mars. Planetary radar sounders are nadir-looking instruments operating in the high-frequency (HF)/very-HF (VHF) part of the spectrum with subsurface penetration capabilities. Recently, several studies either proposed future mission concepts for lava tubes' detection or attempted to locate them on the Moon and Mars with the available radar-sounding data. Lava tubes are typically modeled as quasi-cylindrical structures but their actual geometry and their influence on the radar backscattering in near-nadir regime have never been investigated in the literature. These are crucial information for understanding the feasibility of detecting lava tubes by current and future planetary radar sounding systems. Accordingly, in this article: 1) we assess whether lava tubes are self-affine fractal surfaces at horizontal scales relevant to radio and microwave scattering and 2) we evaluate the effect of lava tube topography on the radar backscattering response in the near-nadir regime. Our experimental results, which are inferred from 3-D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data of planetary lava tube analogs, show that lava tubes: 1) are self-affine fractals at horizontal scales relevant to radar sounding and 2) they are electromagnetically rough surfaces, especially in the VHF band. We provide quantitative values on the lava tube fractal parameters and radar roughness losses along with a discussion on both: 1) the implication of our results on current radar sounding systems' ability to detect lava tubes and 2) the planning of future missions devoted to lava tube detection and characterization.


ENGINEERING Correction for "Deep elastic strain engineering of bandgap through machine learning," by Zhe Shi, Evgenii Tsymbalov, Ming Dao, Subra Suresh, Alexander Shapeev, and Ju Li, which was first published February 15, 2019; 10.1073/pnas.1818555116 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 4117–4122). The authors note that "In Fig. 2A, the 6D strain tensor for zerobandgap was not reported in the [100],[010],[001] coordinate frame, contrary to the rest of the article. The correct values of the strain tensor for the [001],[010],[001] frame along with the revised figure legend are included below. This correction does not alter any conclusions in the paper. We apologize for the error." The corrected figure and its corrected legend appear below.


An inverted-F antenna has a folded line section so as to shorten the length from the corresponding monopole antenna in this design. In high performance folded inverted-F an- tenna for WLAN and Bluetooth operations, where size, proflle, and performance are of major considerations, compacter length of antenna are desirable.


Spreadsheets can be used as a learning tool to explore abstract concepts in quantitative-based disciplines such as accounting and finance. Given the rapid adoption of technology in the classroom, understanding how students perceive the use of spreadsheets in quantitative-based courses is imperative. This study examines how students perceive the use of spreadsheets in applied business courses.  Student preference is viewed in terms of enhanced learning of course content, usage in class lectures, increased motivation, and presentation of material. Accounting and finance students attending an institute of higher education based in the Northeastern United States were surveyed.  Results from this study using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicate a preference among students for the use of spreadsheets as a teaching aid in classrooms.


To consider the problems facing the literary translation and, in particular, the translation of a Balzac's novel, led us to think about the initial stage of our work, namely about the question of truth in realistic representation with impact on the source and target text. Therefore, we started by addressing the aesthetic look that supports Balzac s work, in order to understand and reveal contemporary society through the author's perspective. It is clearly an outlook focused on the present with the purpose of demonstrating the true reality behind the occult Human Comedy. Assumed as an historian of the present, Balzac intends to awake his readers to the world problems of his time. To achieve such objective, the author uses a realistic rhetoric based on the Aristotelian canon of mimesis, by building a referential illusion.


The Covid-19 pandemic demands that businesses go digital. Not only products must be marketed through technology, but the way of communication with consumers must also be arranged systematically to stabilize income. Among a number of tools designed to answer customer retention demands, CRM software was chosen because this tool can accommodate consumer data, business data, track consumer interactions, and track company prospects. The purpose of this activity is to conduct training and assistance in implementing Customer Relationship Management in increasing sales during the pandemic. This method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with training design in using Customer Relationship Management software. Instruments in the form of learning experience and literature study. This community partnership program involves business start-ups within the Muhammadiyah University of Lamongan, especially students majoring in Accounting and Management. The results of this study indicate that the application of CRM has an effect as an effort to increase business sales during the pandemic with a series of strategic CRM processes, operational CRM, analytical CRM. Essentially, both upper, middle, and even lower customers need good and quality service, it's just that the levels are different. When start-up actors apply the right and good CRM, it will automatically increase customer satisfaction which has an impact on increasing business sales.


Vareilles-Sommieres Pascal de - Professor, Departmentr of International Private Relations Research of 1 Pantheon Sorbonne Law School, Docteur en droit. Address: 12 Place du Pantheon, Paris, 75005, France. E-mail: email@example.com'man-Pavlova Irina - Associate Professor, International Private Law Department, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Candidate of Juridical Sciences. Address: 20 Myasnitskaya Str., 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation. E-mail: email@example.com article analyzes judicial enforcement experience, legislation and French and Russian doctrines as to refusing to recognize and execute foreign arbitration awards as this contradicts ordre public. A division is made between the categories of domestic ordre public and international ordre public. The majour methods applied in the paper are comparative analysis and comparative law. The article touches upon the problems of material ordre public. A conclusion has been made that defining this category poses a serious problem. In comparison, the category of procedural ordre public is easier to define. Judicial practice does not give a definition of material ordre public but the underlying principle is that the system of principles and values embodying a national ordre public cannot be recognized even in international cases. French legislation and judicial practice has the concept of international ordre public and recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitration awards is understood in a narrower sense than international ordre public. Russian legislation does not operate the concept of international ordre public, but the analysis of legal norms allows making a conclusion that when recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitration awards, not a public order of the Russian Federation is meant but public order taking into account international obligations of the Russian Federation and the character of relations containing a foreign element. The research has allowed making the following conclusions. It is required to draw a clear line between French domestic law and international arbitration law as when checking a foreign arbitration award a judge can not refuse exequatur due to the wrong application of the norms of domestic ordre public. A simple violation by an arbitration award by French ordre public is insufficient to recognize it contradicting international ordre public. Russian legislation regulating the issues of recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitration awards needs to include the concept of international ordre public understood as fundamental legal principles of mandatory nature, universal character, special public significance and being the basis for economic, political, legal system of the the Russian Federation considering its international obligations and the character of relations related to foreign enforcement.


Nowadays,college chinese text books used in vocational institutes and colleges are various.some are good,others are bad.Therefore,the teachers in these schools are both happy and worried.The authors analysis the biased guidance,the sluggish objective,the nanow subjects,and the improper proportion of these text books,And then give some suggestions on the bases of the research and complitation of these text books.


Abstract Chlorine and chlorine-ammonia compounds have been reported to be toxic to various species of freshwater fish. We have found that the basis of this toxicity in at least one species is the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, producing death of the fish due to anoxia.


Abstract : Contents: Plasma Synthesis with Opposing Electron and Ion Guns; Wedge-Supported Helix for High-Power TWT; Plasma Noise Generator; Ion Focusing in High-Power Beam Tubes.


. "Ideological and Political Education in Professional Curriculums" is the current development direction of university education. The construction of standardized curriculum evaluation system is the key link and important guarantee to efficiently promoting the construction of professional courses. From the long-term development, the ideological and political education in professional curriculums still needs to strengthen the function of the student subjects, con-stantly optimize the teaching content construction of political education in professional curriculums. Meanwhile, it needs to make appropriate design and mod-ification according to the teaching orientation, teaching design, teaching content and teaching objectives. It is especially important to build the evaluation system with students as the main body of evaluation.


This study aims to improve the physics Science Process Skills Students on cognitive and psychomotor aspects by using model based Project Based Learning training.The object of this study is the Project Based Learning model used in the learning process of Computationa Physics.The method used is classroom action research through two learning cycles, each cycle consisting of the stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. In the first cycle of treatment with their emphasis given training in the first phase up to third in the model Project Based Learning, while the second cycle is given additional treatment with emphasis discussion is collaboration in achieving the best results for each group of products. The results of data analysis showed increased ability to think Students on cognitive and Science Process Skills in the psychomotor.


D URING the war years American public libraries have found it difficult enough to carry on their work with depleted staffs, without trying to expand their services. But during this period many have been planning a reorganization and modernization which they may soon be able to execute, and it is known that some public libraries are considering complete subject departmentation. In view of this fact, the present may be an opportune time to present the results of a study of the effects of central library organization on reference service which was completed in I943, although the materials on which conclusions are based were largely collected in 1939 and 1940. Generally speaking, the decennial year I940 may therefore be considered the date of this investigation. "Subject departmentation" is a term generally used to describe a form of central library organization in which reference and circulation functions are united in each of several subject departments operating on the same organizational level. Each such department has its chief and a staff of professional and clerical assistants. The chiefs of these departments may be directly responsible to the director of the library, or they may be supervised by a subordinate administrator who reports to the director. Most libraries of this type still maintain a general reference department for ready-reference and information service, although the bulk of their reference work is performed in the special subject departments. The clerical routine of charging and discharging books may be conducted either in a central lobby surrounded by the subject departments or by clerical assistants in the departments themselves. The utility of this type of central library organization was first demonstrated by William Howard Brett in Cleveland during the period from 1913 to i9i8.2 In I913, when the Cleveland Public Library moved into rented quarters in the Kinney and Levan building on Euclid Avenue, Mr. Brett divided his book stock into subject units which combined circulation and reference materials and thus established specialized reference divisions, all of which are functioning today.3 The only additions to their number


Motivated by the market for display advertisement over the Internet, we study competition between firms with a fixed supply whose size cannot be changed, and analyze the resulting revenue. We are most interested in studying the asymmetric case in which one large seller dominates the market and competes against a small new entrant seller. We present a model in which sellers announce selling policies, and given these policies buyers distribute their budget in a strategic fashion among sellers so as to maximize the portion of the supply that they receive. As a function of the policies of the sellers, we analyze revenue of sellers in pure and mixed Nash equilibria for the buyers. Our results show a contrast between the near-symmetric case (sellers with similar supply sizes) and the extremely asymmetric case (a very large seller vs. a very small seller). In particular, in the near-symmetric case, simple policies can ensure each seller a revenue almost proportional to her market share. In contrast, in the asymmetric case the large seller has a selling policy that yields disproportionally low revenue for the small seller. Interestingly, in our abstract model, non-monotone selling policies (namely, sometimes giving more of the supply to a buyer who decreases his bid) can offer advantages to the large seller that are (provably) impossible to achieve via monotone selling policies.


Key Points An unbiased transcriptomic analysis revealed a unifying signature across IBMF syndromes. Specifically, we observed an upregulation of transcripts coding for ribosome, nonsense-mediated decay, and redox metabolism pathways.


In this paper, we propose a blur invariant image registration method that can be used to register rotated, scaled and shifted images. The method is invariant to centrally symmetric blur including linear motion and out of focus blur. The method correlates log-polar sampled phase-only bispectrum slices, which are modified for blur invariance, to estimate rotation and scale parameters. Translation parameters are estimated using a blur invariant version of phase correlation. An additional advantage of using the phase-only bispectrum is the invariance to uniform illumination changes. We present also results of numerical experiments with comparisons to similar registration methods which do not possess blur in-variance properties. The results show that the image registration accuracy of our method is much better when images are blurred.


Hartley transform is a generalization of Fourier transform and it transforms the real signal into real signal thereby reducing the amount of computation. In recent years, with the wide applications of fractional Fourier transform in signal processing, linear canonical transform has gradually been applied to signal processing. Hence, it is a valuable problem to generalize Hartley transform in linear canonical transform domain. In this paper, a kernel function with conjugate property is obtained by changing kernel function of Hartley transform in Fourier transform domain. After that, we obtain Hartley transform in linear canonical transform domain by using kernel function of linear canonical transform. Then, Hartley transform in linear canonical transform domain has the properties of real number and odd-even invariance. Finally, by using Heisenberg uncertainty principle in linear canonical transform domain, we obtain Heisenberg uncertainty principle of Hartley transform in linear canonical transform domain.


Abstract:

This article examines a thesis by Namdang, a Confucian scholar in Chosŏn Korea, on the natures of humans and non-human living beings, using Zhu Xi's li (理) - qi (氣) theory. Regarding the sameness or difference between li and qi, Zhu Xi formulated different opinions in his early and later life and was also at times inconsistent in his works of a certain period. To a certain extent, Zhu Xi's thoughts lacked coherence, which led to subsequent debates. In seeking to develop Zhu Xi's li-qi theory, Namdang put forward his original thesis of Trichotomous Nature, which significantly enriched Zhu Xi's ideas. The "nature transcending the appearance of things" (K. ch'ohyŏnggi 超形氣) refers to a pure xing (K. sŏng 性; nature), concerned with only li without considering the influence of qi from the perspective of a unitary source (K. irwŏn 一原; one source). At this stage, everything shares the same li and xing. The "nature originated from temperament" (K. in'gijil 因氣質) demonstrates the shared nature for the same species as well as the difference in nature across species, thus being an endowment-dependent li. At this stage, for the same species, they share the same li, qi, and xing, while for varying species, there is a difference in li, qi, and xing. The "nature mixed with temperament" (K. chapkijil 雜氣質) considers the xing of pure qizhi (K. kijil 氣質; physical temperament) in which all creatures differ. It is thus a concept that demonstrates the particularity in all things, with varying differences in li, qi, and xing.


The embodiment of the invention provides a pixel circuit for compensating shift of a threshold voltage and a thin film transistor backplane, so as to solve the problem of uneven display of an image caused by the shift of the threshold voltage in the prior art. The pixel circuit comprises a driver module and a signal loading module, wherein the driver module comprises a VDD (virtual device driver) signal source, a driver transistor T1, a storage capacitance C1 and an OLED (organic light emitting diode) D1; a grid electrode of the driver transistor T1 is connected with an output end of the signal loading module and drives the OLED D1 to emit light; one end of the storage capacitance C1 is connected with an output end of the VDD signal source, and the other end of the storage capacitance C1 is connected with the grid electrode of the driver transistor T1; the driver module further comprises a p-shaped decaying transistor T2, the grid electrode is connected with a source electrode and is connected with the output end of the VDD signal source, a drain electrode is connected with the source electrode of the driver transistor T1; alternatively, the driver module further comprises a n-shaped decaying transistor T2, the grid electrode is connected with the drain electrode and is connected with the output end of the VDD signal source, and the source electrode is connected with that of the driver transistor T1.


The purpose of this study was to develop a training package for parents and school staff to increase parent participation at the Individualized Educational Program (IEP) meeting. Fourteen parents with young handicapped children participated. The seven parents in the experimental group completed a developmental assessment on their child's present performance, recorded their family profile, and had a meeting with a school/community liaison person prior to their child's IEP meeting. The seven parents In the control group received a letter stating the purpose of the IEP meeting prior to their child's IEP conference. School staff who attended experimental group IEP meetings received summaries of the parent-generated developmental assessment and family profile. At the IEP meeting experimental parents presented their goals and concerns first. Statistical analyses indicated a significantly greater frequency in contributions, goals generated, and programming decisions made at IEP meetings by parents In the experimental group. School staff provided more home programming suggestions to parents In the experimental group and made more decisions for parents In the control group. All parents reported a high level of satisfaction with their child's IEP meeting on a follow-up questionnaire.


Commends Ward M. Hussey and Lawrence E. Filson for their combined service to the House of Representatives. Commends the Office of the Legislative Counsel for its assistance in the drafting of legislation considered by the House.


The key for building the socialist politica l civilization is strengthening the socialist rule by law. This is because the rul e by law and political civilization has contact with each other. The rule by law lies in the center of political civilization and can not be replaced in the bui lding of the socialist political civilization.$$$$


Phosphorus concentration and distribution characteristics of water,sediments and plants in a hydrophytes breeding nursery were studied in this paper.The result indicated that inflow P concentrations were much higher than the Class V surface water stan-dard.It was also observed that P concentrations were much lower in the hydrophytes breeding area than those in the inflows which might attribute to the effects of precipitation,adsorption and phytoextraction.There was a significant relationship between Total Phosphorus(TP) and different P fractions.Total phosphorus concentration of surface sediments ranged from 335 mg·kg-1 to 672 mg·kg-1 and had an obvious effect on TP concentration of lower-level sediments.Inorganic P and Organic P of sediments had a posi-tive correlation with TP of sediments.Data showed that all tested hydrophytes samples exhibited high ability for P accumulation and the transfer coefficients were larger than 0.5,with a mean value of 0.82.Limnocharis flava and Sagittaria sagittifolia showed the most effective P adsorption and accumulation ability in all hydrophytes.Statistical analysis of P concentrations of tested hydrophytes indicated that P concentration of shoots ranged from 1415 to 4945 mg·kg-1 and that of roots was 2178~5702 mg·kg-1 with 95% confidence interval,respectively.


Psychological and neural distinctions between the technical concepts of "liking" and "wanting" pose important problems for motivated choice for goods. Why could we "want" something that we do not "like," or "like" something but be unwilling to exert effort to acquire it? Here, we suggest a framework for answering these questions through the medium of reinforcement learning. We consider "liking" to provide immediate, but preliminary and ultimately cancellable, information about the true, long-run worth of a good. Such initial estimates, viewed through the lens of what is known as potential-based shaping, help solve the temporally complex learning problems faced by animals.


Farmer participation has been in the spotlight in agricultural socio-economy academia as a tool to induce sustainable agricultural development. Farmer participation should be present as a basic human need and human right. However, farmer participation is often hampered due to unequal power relations. This condition makes community empowerment programs often fail, and farmer participation becomes ineffective. The research aimed to analyze the influence of the determinants of farmer participation. The research location conducted was Wates Village, Semarang City, Central Java in July – September 2022. This study uses quantitative methods with SEM-PLS analysis tools and descriptive quantitative. A purposive sampling method was used for Respondents, with total respondents of 125 farmers. Observations and Interviews were used in data collection using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and scored using a Likert scale and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method. Two variables in this research showed no significant direct effects between individual characteristics and the intensity of program activities with farmer participation. In other conditions, there is a significant direct influence between the environment and socioeconomic with farmer participation. Environmental and socioeconomic aspects influence farmer participation in community empowerment programs. This condition can mean the farmer can express their aspirations and participate. The practical implications of the results of this research can be used to optimize empowerment programs that involve farmers to be independent and implement sustainable farming practices. Reducing the risk of failure that may occur, can also facilitate the performance of agricultural extension workers in delivering programs.


PURPOSE: To obtain a polymeric drug delivery matrix harmless to the human body by forming a hydrogel multi-block copolymer composed of a hydrophilic polymer block and a hydrophobic biodegradable polymer block which are bonded to each other through a biodegradable chemical bond. CONSTITUTION: A thermoplastic and biodegradable hydrogen multi-block copolymer of (A) a hydrophilic, non-biodegradable, and non-swellable block and (B) a hydrophobic, biodegradable, crystalline, and non-swellable block in various forms of the formula (wherein X and Y are each a biodegradable chemical bond being amido, ester, or carbonate; n is 0-10; and q is 3-4) is used as a drug delivery matrix. In the formula, A of '-' is a polyethylene oxide and a copolymer thereof with polypropylene oxide, and B in '...' is a polylactide and a polyglycolide and copolymer of both, a polycaprolactone, or the like. This copolymer is a biodegradable material which has no chemical crosslinkages, therefore can be formulated into a drug delivery preparation by simple processing, and is desirably for, especially, a drug system of a polypeptide and a protein. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN's Large
H√adron Collider (LHC) has started to collect and analyze proton-proton collisions at √s = 7TeV from the first physics run of the LHC. At the time of this meeting, CMS
had collected a 17 nb−1 of collision data, including small samples at lower energies of 0.9TeV and 2.36TeV. While these samples are too small for observation of top quark pair production, the results presented here demonstrate good detector performance and illustrate well-understood physics signatures that will lead in the near future to
re-observation of the top quark at the LHC. Those signatures include jets, isolated muons and electrons from weak gauge boson decay, and separated secondary vertices
from b-quark jets. With the capability to identify these signatures in collision data, CMS is poised for top physics studies from the first LHC physics run.


Detection of cracks in mechanical components as early as possible enables monitoring structural health and scheduling efficiently the maintenance tasks such as replacing the critical parts just in time. Vibration analysis based techniques for crack detection have been largely considered in the framework of beam-like structures. This methodology relies essentially on the observed changes of beam frequencies and mode shapes induced by the presence of damage. In the present work, using an explicit analytical model assessing the effect of a crack on beam strain energy, the beam first resonance frequencies as they depend on a single crack defect characteristics were evaluated. The crack equations were obtained by means of fracture mechanics approach. Variations of the first beam frequencies and modes shapes were then related explicitly to the location and depth of the crack. Measuring the beam frequency changes and monitoring their variations can be used to perform identification of the crack defect parameters...


Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz glass substrates by pulse magnetron sputtering using a metallic copper target in Ar and O2mixture atmosphere. The effects of sputtering power on crystalline structure,surface morphology and optical properties of Cu2O thin films were investigated at different sputtering powers. The results show that at an O2/ Ar flow ratio of 30∶ 80,the thin films deposited at room temperature were single-phase Cu2O(111) for 60-90 W sputtering power. The surfaces morphologise of Cu2O thin films depended on the sputtering powers,root mean square values of roughness of the thin films increases as the sputtering powers increasing. Moreover,in the wavelength range of 300-670 nm,the optical band gap(Eg) valus of thin films deposited at different sputtering powers range from 2.15 eV to 2.53 eV.


ABSTRACT Whey is a residue of the dairy industry and its polluting potential can surpass that of domestic sewage due to its high chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, COD and BOD, respectively. This is attributed to its composition, being rich in proteins, lactose, minerals, and vitamins, and presents a challenge in terms of its disposal. In this regard, membrane separation processes have received much attention in recent years, especially to recover the whey protein. The aim of this review is to disseminate previously studied alternatives for the recovery of the main whey components, adding value, and minimizing the environmental impact.


This article is devoted to reviewing of complex of countryseat's buildings. These buildings were explored during the archaeological investigation of cultural stratum of Chelyabinsk city. The interpretation and finding the chronological borders of these objects are illuminated too.


This paper extends our earlier work on sensor selection [1]. We are now focusing on a more challenging problem of how to effectively utilize quantized sensor data for target tracking in sensor networks by considering sensor selection problems with quantized data. A subset of sensors are dynamically selected to optimize the tracking performance. The one-step- look-ahead posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on the state estimation error is proposed as the sensor selection criterion. Particle filtering method is employed to compute the posterior CRLB, as well as to estimate the target state. Simulation results show that the proposed posterior CRLB based method outperforms the one based on information theoretic measures.


Throughout history, between the Giurgeu Depression and the surrounding mountainous area, a series of relations got established, which in time developed with the demographic and economic growth of the region. These relations consist mainly of economic and commercial activities paired with the demographic growth and the recreational activities which gradually developed as a natural demand of the increasing population. The recreational activities are extremely important in the long term economic development of the Depression.


The study aims to provide results of an ethnobotanical study on the use of wild and cultivated plants in Treštenica and Tulovići (north-east Bosnia and Herzegovina) carried out in 2012. Information was gathered by performing so called open ethnobotanical interviews by which data on the name, age and occupation of the interviewed person; the geographic locality and date of the interview; the name of the used plant; part of the plant used; the prescription background and preparation procedure as well as the indication was systematically collected. Plants mentioned to be used by the informants were collected and taxonomically determined. In total, 2 places were visited and 8 people questioned. 74 wild and cultivated species and 313 diff erent preparations for the use in human therapy were recorded. The most frequently mentioned indications were respiratory and gastrointestinal system disorders. Infusions were the most frequently prepared formulation. Prescriptions were verbally delivered, usually from mother to daughter and for even more than six generations. The identifi ed broad variety of indications and their frequent applications suggests that traditional plant use is of high importance and still crucial for the medicinal accommodation of Bosnian people. A variety of less known plants has been used since ages in traditional therapy of this places and hence may be potential sources for new therapies. Therefore, further pharmaceutical research into this particular and scientifi cally still underexplored proportion of Bosnian plant biodiversity appears promising and is recommended by the authors.


Channel estimation can be classified into semi_blind channel estimation,blind channel estimation,and semi_blind channel estimation derived from the first two.By trading off the data transportation efficiency and convergence rate,the semi_blind channel estimation adopts fewer training sequence to acquire the channel information.The paper describes in detail the semi_blind channel estimation algorithm based on subspace identification.


This study conducts a Social Network Analysis on the neojihadist cell uncovered in Sydney in 2005. Detailed material is compiled and analysed to reveal a 10-man operational cell of Australian residents with an identifiable leadership, core and periphery. Although the cell was home-grown in origin, the group's genesis is traced to several members' interactions with international terrorist networks which previously operated in Australia. Indeed, the cell was far from an isolated entity, with a peripheral network of eight individuals identified as assisting in the group's formation and activities. A separate Social Network Analysis also demonstrated that the cell was interacting with a simultaneously developing neojihadist network in Melbourne. Upon analysing these connections it was revealed that these communications influenced both the ideological direction of the Sydney cell and provided the group with operational support.


This study explores the way cohesive patterns are distributed in expository essays of students in Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, and compares the relationship between the occurrence of the devices and text quality. The research adopted the sequential exploratory mixed research approach involving text analysis, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and observation as data collecting tools. Sixty essays were analyzed using Halliday and Hasan (1976) cohesion model and augmented with observation of sub-categories of the devices. Ideas were solicited from five tutors while twenty students were granted interview. The results of this study show that the students were able to effect cohesive relations in all five types of cohesive devices. Statistically, reiteration was the most dominant with38.94%, with repetition as the dominantly used sub-category. Conjunction was second with 35.85%, reference 18.74%, collocation 4.87%, substitution 0.86% and ellipsis was 0.71%. The students achieved text coherence through the deployment of the cohesive devices, the development of themes, and the generic structure. The results however highlighted instances where the students failed to establish cohesive relationships in their write-ups.


This file is related object of "DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25090-8".This file contain distance matrixes (.dat) and tree files (.tree). The former is Phylip and BioNJ compatible format, and the latter is FigTree format. In tree files, each species possess taxonomy information, so you can change branch color by the information in FigTree. PDF version of these trees will be published soon in Scientific Reports. You can download Applications from following links. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/bionj/ http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html


Background: Standard knee arthroscopy portals are frequently used to address retropatellar chondral pathology. Alternative portals may offer a safe and simple substitute, particularly when reaching the base of deep lesions is required. Purpose: To describe and assess the safety of accessory retropatellar portals. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: An anatomic study was performed on 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. Medial and lateral retropatellar portals were created, and the distance to adjacent neurovascular structures (common peroneal nerve [CPN] and infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve [IPBSN]) and bony landmarks (medial and lateral epicondyles and margins of the midpatella) was recorded. A clinical account of portal use is provided through a retrospective chart review. Results: The medial and lateral retropatellar portals were a mean 15.8 ± 15.5 mm and 53.8 ± 7.2 mm from the IPBSN and CPN, respectively. No nerves were contacted in any specimens. Clinically, the portals have been used in 109 cases over a 7-year period without complication. Conclusion: The high level of IPBSN variability poses some risk to medial portal use; however, there is little to no risk laterally. Clinical experience with portals suggests that they can be used safely. We recommend careful blunt dissection to minimize chance of iatrogenic nerve injury. Clinical Relevance: Retropatellar portals may offer improved access to chondral lesions of the patella, thereby safely allowing one to maintain an arthroscopic approach.


Face recognition in unconstrained environments is one of the most challenging problems in biometrics. One vexing problem in unconstrained environments is that of scale; a face captured at large distances is considerably harder to recognize than the same face at small distances. Several methods have been proposed to tackle unconstrained face recognition in a robust fashion, including face descriptors such as LBP and its many variations, of which some are less sensitive to scale variations than others. In this paper, we present a novel operator called General Region Assigned to Binary (GRAB), developed as a generalization of LBP. We demonstrate its performance for face recognition in both constrained and unconstrained environments and across multiple scales. Unlike prior work, the GRAB descriptor accounts for multiple scales and resolutions through the size and choice of its neighborhood and is evaluated with respect to varying scales. We show that GRAB significantly outperforms LBP in cases of reduced scale on subsets of two well-known published datasets of FERET and LFW, introducing useful subsets of these datasets for recognition system evaluation.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogens causing respiratory tract infection among the aged people,and analyze their drug resistance to antibiotics.METHODS The sputum samples of the old patients with respiratory tract infection were collected from Jan 2006 to Nov 2007,and the drug resistance of the pathogens isolated by routine bacterium culture were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 3867 pathogen strains were detected among the aged people with respiratory tract infection.The detected rate was 39.3%,from them the Gram-negative bacteric were 67.9% followed by the fungi,which accounted for 29.9%and Gram-positive cocci accounted for 2.2%.For example the Gram-negtive bacilli were resistante to cefuroxime gentamicin,trimethoprim/sulfa methoxazole and ciprofloxacin,but more susceptive to imipenem and meropenem.Staphylococcus were sensitive to vancomycin,minocycline and nitrofurantoin.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens causing respiratory tract infection among the old patients and highly resistant to a lot of antibiotics,but the fungal infection can not be ignored.The drug resistance monitoring to antibiotics and early bacterial culturing of the sputum samples are very important.


The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters of a free radical depend strongly on its microenvironment and stable radicals can be used as reporter molecules for the EPR probing of various chemical and biological systems. Nowadays, nitroxides and trityl radicals are the most important spin labels or spin probes and their use in various applications, spin labeling, spin trapping, oximetry, pH measurement, evaluation of redox status, interactions in supramolecular systems, and so on, are examined.

Keywords:

spin labels;
spin probes;
EPR;
nitroxides;
trityl radicals;
spin labeling;
spin trapping;
pH measurements;
oximetry;
redox status;
supramolecular systems


The invention relates to a semi-finished product in the form of a sheet metal blank (1) for a structural component (2) of a motor vehicle or machine. To protect the structural component, or (2) before undesirably high heat load to avoid an undesirably high heat emission and sound radiation, the structural component (2) is provided with a thermal and / or sound insulation. This heat and / or sound insulation according to the invention thereby realizes a space-saving and effective that the for the structural component (2) is provided to be used in the sheet metal blank (1) partially on the heat or sound source facing side with such a heat and / or sound insulation selected from one of a heat-sound-resistant film and / or (4) covered with such a filler material (3) is filled shallow cavity that the sheet metal blank (1) with retention of heat and / or sound insulation to the structural component (2 ) is deformable.


Being not considerated the influence of spherical aberration,the coupling efficiency of fiber-output laser computed by Gaussian beam lens formula is higher.In this paper,the ray-tracing method is used to analyze the Gaussian beam lens trannspositional process.Firstly,to abtain the parameters of coupling system,such as the focal length and the position of the lens,computing the Gaussian lens formula,then establishing the rectangular coordinate system and constructing equation and tracing the marginal ray to compute the parameter of the radius of the image beam waist.Calculating the coupling efficiency between fiber and beam by different waist beam which computed by different method,then comparing.The result indicates that the spherical aberration of positive lens reduce the coupling efficiency.At last,the coupling efficiency is improved by using doublets rathar than single lens.


Taxonomic inventorisation and spatio-temporal variations in the phytoplankton species biomass and diversity, in relation to environmental parameters at the Ologe lagoon, Lagos were investigated from February, 2002 to January, 2004. The annual rainfall, concentrated in one season, initiated increased total solids and nutrient values whereas low dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency, and cation concentrations were recorded. The phytoplankton species biomass, composition and water quality indices exhibited seasonal changes closely related to the pattern of rainfall. Estimation of phytoplankton biomass by cell count showed a range of 849 to 1771707cells/ml with mean value of 44052cell/ml. The phytoplankton flora of the lagoon belonged to five main algal phyla, namely Bacillariophyta (84%), Cyanophyta (15.92%), Chlorophyta (0.06%), Euglenophyta (0.018%) and Prryophyta (0.002%). One hundred and nineteen species belonging to forty-nine genera were observed, with diatoms forming the most abundant and diverse. A total of forty-eight species belonging to eighteen genera was found in diatoms. This was followed by green algae, with thirty-two species from fourteen genera, Cyanobacteria, with twenty-three species from eleven genera, euglenoids with seventeen species from five genera, while the dinoflagelates had one species. Nine phytoplankton species were reported to be potentially harmful/toxic bloom species. 57 bio-indicator species were recorded during the period of study. With regard to existing checklist of phytoplankton species, 10 new species are the first reports for Lagos lagoon complex, south-western Nigeria.The centric diatom Aulacoseira and cyanobacterium Microcystis dominated the phytoplankton community spectrum and their dominance in the Lagoon in both seasons suggests a single floristic grouping. The observed range of bio-indicator species within Ologe lagoon showed that the lagoon is eutrophic. Co-efficient of similarity index indicated that stations close to each other are more similar, than stations further apart.


In this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions for nonlinear delay Caputo q—fractional difference equations. The main result is proved by means of Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem. As an application, we link the conclusion of the main theorem to an existence result for Lotka—Volterra model.


Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to conceive after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. In Ayurveda infertility is termed as 'Vandhyatwa'. The factor for a healthy conception, pregnancy and delivery is mentioned as "Garbha sambhava samagri" (factors essential for conception) by Acharya Sushruta. Artava(ovum) and Shukra (Sperm) are considered as "Antima dhatus". Therefor uttarotara Dhatuposhana is essential for the good quality of Artava and Shukra. A 33-year-old female patient presented to the Streeroga OPD at ITRA on 1st Nev. 2021, complaining of Failure to conceive, Scanty menstruation, and weight gain for 3 years. In this case the patient had the history of Hypothyroidism and Low AMH, which affect the process of metabolism which further results in improper development of follicles and anovulatory cycle leading to infertility. In this case evidences of defective Dhatuparinama can be visualized like irregular menstrual cycles, thin endometrium and infertility. She has been taking allopathic medicine for the same for the 6 months which was later discontinued. Ayurveda treatment including Shodhana and Shamana therapy is adopted. Patient had undergone Virechana karma followed by Dashamooladi yogabasti and Shatapushpa Taila Matrabasti in next cycle, On 30th Apr 2022 patient came with amenorrhea of 1 month 6 days. The outcome of the Ayurvedic intervention was the conception and on 7th dec 2022 she delivered a healthy male baby of 3.2 kg.


The earmarking (or setting aside) of revenues from various taxes for specific types of expenditure is a much-maligned fiscal practice. This paper surveys theoretical arguments and institutional circumstances under which earmarking (even widespread earmarking) may enhance welfare. The paper also questions the criticism that earmarking seriously erodes budgetary efficiency.


This research paper incorporates bionics based solar powered clothing for treatment of Parkinson's disease and Epilepsy. Firstly, the clothing will use the most recent research and technology in which the electronic circuit would be embedded to store data (such as tremors of Parkinson's disease and Epilepsy) and deliver drugs to specific parts of the brain, thus, preventing the cumbersome method of surgery by the method of neurostimulator. Secondly, the electronic circuit will be charged by solar


Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is an emerging technology enabled through the integration of advanced semiconductor devices and 3D printing technology. It unlocks tremendous market potential by realizing low-cost flexible circuits and systems that can be conformally integrated into various applications. However, the operating frequencies of most reported FHE systems are relatively low. It is also worth to note that reported FHE systems have been limited to relatively simple design concept (since complex systems will impose challenges in aspects such as multilayer interconnections, printing materials, and bonding layers). Here, we report a fully 3D-printed flexible four-layer millimeter-wave Doppler radar (i.e., a millimeter-wave FHE system). The sensing performance and flexibility of the 3D-printed radar are characterized and validated by general field tests and bending tests, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing fully 3D-printed high-frequency multilayer FHE, which can be conformally integrated into irregular surfaces (e.g., vehicle bumpers) for applications such as vehicle radars and wearable electronics.


With the educational reform on teachers'specialization,reform on Chinese language curriculum requires Chinese language teachers'specialization,which is shown in the teachers'knowledge,ability,ways of working,teaching strategy and teacher roles.We can realize the specialization through further learning and training,reflective teaching,withinschool study and communication,participating social practical activities,etc.


ABSTRACT The present study demonstrates the effect of the different morphological types on the cold crushing strength (CCS) of heat-treated iron ore pellets. Blends with different iron ore oxides morphologies were subjected to grinding, filtering and pot grate tests on industrial scale trials. Results of grinding tests showed the hematite-goethite aggregates the most influent one on energy consumption. The martitic-hematite content was straightly related to the final moisture and filtration productivity. The hematite-goethite aggregates, therefore the goethite content, influences CCS, being the lower the goethite content, the higher the values of CCS.


The concept of a universal emergency number originated in Europe and in 1967 subsequently received federal government impetus for adoption in the United States. In 1968 the American Telephone and Telegraph Company agreed to clear the number 911 for any public safety agency and community groups that desired to develop a common public number for entry to local emergency services. Approximately 800 911 systems have been developed in the United States since 1968. In a large urban area a citizen requiring emergency assistance from area public safety agencies can be faced with choosing from over 200 emergency numbers. The choice depends variously on the location and time of day or week of the emergency. The 911 system concept was developed to transfer the agency selection process to the public safety agencies: taking it from a public generally lacking knowledge of emergency operations and telephone numbers. This paper discusses problems of public access and their resolution by 911 systems. Basic and advanced 911 systems are described. The finance, technology, operations, and management of the implementation of 911 are detailed. The description points out the necessary interactions between public support, various levels of government, and the telephone company. The difficulties encountered while resolving intra/interagency and jurisdiction disputes are stressed. Conclusions regarding the future of 911 are presented and center around the need for public support to smooth the way for cooperation among all public and private entities involved in 911.


Abstract : The Dynamic Tear (DT) method of testing for fracture toughness was developed to overcome the limitations of the Charpy V (C sub v) test and to provide information of engineering design significance. Key features of the DT test are described, including specimen design, impact test machines, and methods of energy measurement. A relationship exists between the DT energy and the fracture mechanics stress-intensity factor K sub Ic which allows the translation of these energy values into design parameters, such as critical flaw size and stress level, by means of suitable charts. The current need for the use of the DT test in the development and selection of high-strength structural metals has become evident through examples of conditions to which the C sub v test has been shown to be inadequate. For example, when fracture toughness criteria defined by the C sub v and DT tests are compared for a high-strength titanium alloy, a 180-ksi yield strength steel, a 140-ksi yield strength steel weld metal, and a Q and T 2-1/4% Cr - 1% Mo steel of 90-ksi yield strength, the C sub v test is shown to provide information in variance to that from the DT, DWT-NDT, and Robertson tests. Therefore, it is concluded that the DT test method has desirable features for general industrial use which provide broad-scope characterization of the fracture resistance of steels, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. (Author)


The quantity extracted, constituents and their contents in essential oil from Fructus Aurantii were obviously influenced by the method of disintegration. Among stamp breaking in water, crusher-run and miling, stamp breaking in water is the best method. The advantage of this method lies in higher percentage recovery of the oil and smaller loss in volatilization.


In order to understand the variations of flour color,dough sheet color and dough sheet browning of different milling streams,6 Chinese strong-gluten wheat cultivars were milled with Buhler 202 Experimental Mill and the flour color,dough sheet color and browning were tested.The results showed that L* values of the flour color and dough sheet color of flours with 3 reduction and 3 break decreased with the increase of milling stream number,while a* and b* values increased with the increase of milling stream number.During the storage of dough sheet,the decline of brightness,increases of redness and yellowness became evident as the different milling stream number of 3 reduction flours and 3 break flours increased.Dough sheet color was highly correlated with crude protein content,ash content and L* value of flour color.After 24 h storage,the decline of dough sheet brightness was significantly correlated with crude protein,ash content and L* value of flour color with R values of 0.444,0.758 and-0.681,respectively.The dough sheet redness increase was significantly correlated with ash content and damaged starch content with R values of 0.834 and 0.760,respectively.Dough sheet yellowness increase had no significant correlation with crude protein,ash content and L* value.The result suggested that the colors of flour and dough sheet,and the dough sheet browning of the third reduction flour were the worst among 6 milling streams and were most unstable during storage.The flour and dough sheet colors of the first reduction flour were the best among 6 milling streams and the brightness and redness maintained stable during storage,but maintenance for yellowness was unstable compared with that of the first break flour and the second reduction flour.


This study investigates the sequential mediating effects of individual conflict on change and emotional intelligence between age and work outcomes, explained through the ability-based model of expressive intellect. In light of the increasingly diverse workforce, it is interestingly important to investigate individual differences in the context of organisational change. Thus, the study also aims to measure the association between age and individual conflict to alteration, considering the length of service as the moderating variable. The study collected data from 413 respondents working in the telecom sector in Punjab, Pakistan. SmartPLS (v 3.2.7) was employed to investigate the measurement model and the structural model. The findings revealed that individual resistance to change and emotional intelligence sequentially mediate the association between age and work results. Work also generates the moderating effect of service length with age and individual resistance to change. The study's limitations included a cross-sectional design, which prevents us from concluding causality. The study makes significant theoretical and practical contributions to organisational change management.


Three cases of Sleeping Sickness and one case of Trypanosomiasis dying in Liverpool have been histologically examined. The central nervous system of the sleeping sickness cases showed the changes described by different observers, Mott, Low, the Portuguese Commission and others. One case exhibited an intra-pial haemorrhage of the spinal cord, extending from the sixth cervical segment to the third thoracic segment, about 7 mm. board. In another case there Occurred four larger haemorrhages, besides numerous smaller ones, in the grey substance, chiefly affecting the posterior cornua and the thoracic part of the cord. Microscopically the brain and spinal cord showed small celled infiltration around the vessels, consisting for the most part of lymphocytes, Some plasma cells and phagocytes, between which were a Varying number of red cells in different stages of disintegration. The intima of the vessels showed a proliferation of the endothelial cells. Red and white blood corpuscles were often seen in the vessels walls. Here and there the blood vessels were filled with White blood corpuscles resembling a thrombosis. It is most striking that the small celled infiltration is much more marked in the grey substance of the nervous centres, especially in the large grey ganglia, than in the peripheral parts. Very numerous capillary haemorrhages of different sizes were present in these situations. Infilteration around the vessels of the membranes and in the tissues of the pia and arachnoidea was observed. Around the infiltrated vessels degeneration of the fibres and an excess of glia cells were seen, sometimes exhibiting the picture of red softening. The ganglia cells showed an irregularly distributed degeneration, central and Peripheral chromatolysis and also partial pyknosis.


Objective:To study the anatomy of acromion in healthy adults with multi-slice CT(MSCT) and classification was made.Methods:Shoulder joint CT was performed in 76(152 shoulder joints) healthy adult volunteers(32 male,44 female,age range 20~70 years).They were divided to three groups according to age(20~39,40~59 and above 60 years old).The raw data were post-processed with volume rendering(VR),multi-planar reformation(MPR),maximal intensity projection(MIP) techniques and the anatomic morphology of acromion were studied and analyzed on VR,MPR and MIP images,then classification of acromion was performed.Results:Three types of acromion could be revealed:type Ⅰ(flat type) 36 cases(23.68%);type Ⅱ(curved type),62 cases(40.79%);type Ⅲ(hook type),54 cases(35.53%).Conclusion:Distinct and precise morphology of acromion could be revealed on MSCT,which is superior to radiography,while the VR technique showed the best images.Typing of the acromion provided the accurate distribution of various patterns of acromion in the normal population,which showed a certain significant information in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of shoulder joint disease in clinical practice.


The book records the proceedings of a 3-day symposium on normal and degenerate cartilage held in London in November 1973. The meeting was organized by the Institute of Orthopaedics of the University of London. The list of participants, a third of whom were members of the Institute, includes several well known investigators, mainly from the U.K. and U.S.A. The formal contributions are mainly summaries ofpublished work. Most are illustrated, accompanied by a useful list of references, and followed by a carefully edited discussion which adds interest and insight to the text. Considerable emphasis was placed on the biochemistry and metabolism ofnoncollagen components. At the structural level, a major topic was the recently discovered role of hyaluronic acid and other less well-defined 'link' factors in the aggregation and stabilization of proteoglycans. As in other workshops on cartilage, less attention was given to the question of the interaction between proteoglycan and collagen, which seems to be as obscure as ever. Progress in the characterization of enzymes involved in the breakdown of cartilage is described, and we are given a glimpse of the potentially important area of enzymeinhibitor research. There is a masterly paper on solute transport in articular cartilage and its significance for metabolic studies. Some difference of opinion is expressed about proteoglycan turnover rates, one estimate of which indicates that the mean half-life of sulphated proteoglycans may, in fact, be much longer than has been thought to be the case. In osteoarthrotic cartilage, evidence is presented favouring enhanced metabolic activity associated with raised levels ofdegradative enzymes. Problems arising from site variations within a joint, to say nothing of the variously diseased tissues in arthrotic joints, are emphasized by several participants and will continue to complicate work in this field. Other sections include papers on the morphology of cartilage, the morbid anatomy of osteoarthrosis, the immunology ofcartilage transplants, and the early changes in certain types of experimental osteoarthrosis. The symposium ends with an open discussion of the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis. Various models are paraded, and, happily, the discussants contrive to sidestep the semantic bog of ageing and provide a stimulating and instructive discourse. In spite of its (unavoidably) limited content and rather late appearance, this paperback remains a useful document for those engaged in studies of cartilage or joint disease. J. BALL


Medvedev thanks Nirenberg for the reprints and preprints of his work on protein synthesis and the coding problem. Medvedev
 is hopeful that the work in genetics will finally end the legacy of Lysenkoism.


The present study had the objective to evaluate the effect of 4% Titanium Tetrafluoride Solution on radicular dentin permeabili ty, after intra-radicular preparation. Right after the chemical-surgical preparation and root obturation in all the 36 samples, the intra-radicular preparation was made. It was observed an increased dentin permeabili ty in the root walls due to the use of chemical auxili aries during the preparation which were randomly distributed in the following experiment groups: Group I (12) – they were submitted to saline solution irrigation; Group II (12) – they were submitted to 15% EDTA-T solution irrigation; Group III ( 12) – they were submitted to 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution irrigation. All the samples were submitted to the infil tration of 1% Rodhamine B, followed by transversal cuts, exposing the cervical, medium and apical thirds of each one. The analysis of percentage infil tration of dye was done using a magnifying glass stereocope by the direct method, in each of the fragmented third, of all the experiment groups, followed by statistics analysis. The following average infil tration percentage was shown: Group I (74.75), Group II (84.12), Group III ( 63.93). From these results we could conclude that: There were significant statistical differences in the comparison of experiment results, except in the interaction GI X GIII . According to a general analysis of the present research, the use of 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution during clinical procedures would bring to the radicular dentin permeabili ty diminish, and also bringing advantages concerning interdiscipline relationships. KEY-WORDS: dentin permeabili ty, intra-radicular retention, titanium tetrafluoride REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS BÜYILKYILMAZ, T.; OGAARD, B.; DUSCHNER, H., et al. The caries preventive effect of titanium tetrafluoride on root surfaces " in situ" as evaluated by microradiography and confocal Laser scanning microscopy. Adv. Dent. Res., v. 11, n. 4, p. 448-452, Nov., 1997. INGLE, J.I. ; BEVERIDGE, E.E. – Endodontics. In: KHAYAT, A.; LEE S.J.; TORABINEJAD, M. Human saliva penetration of coronally unsealed obtured root canais. J. Endod., v. 19, n.9, p.458-461, Sept., 1993. MUNDORFF, S.A.; LITTLE, M.F. Enamel dissolution: II . Action of titanium tetrafluoride. Journ. Dent. Res., v. 51, n. 6, p. 1567-1570, Nov., 1972. PAIVA, J.C.; ANTONIAZZI, J.H. – Endodontia: Bases para a prática clínica, 2. ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 1988. SEN, B.H.; BÜYILKYILMAZ, T. The effect of 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution on root canal walls – A preliminary investigation. Journ. Endod., v. 24, n. 4, p. 239-243, Apr., 1998.


In October 2016, the predominantly university group 'Cursos y chompos asperos reloaded' gained visibility due to the controversial creation of misogynist memes against the academic Carolina Sanin, which opened the question about the limits of humor in the midst of our multicultural society. The following research work, based on the discourse analysis of the content of 35 memes of the group, 11 press articles on the case, and in the light of the theory, makes a review on how the recognition discourses proper to multiculturalism fall on the commercialization, and subsequent trivialization of its critical and transforming contents, within the framework of social networks, problematizing about postmodernity, digitality, humor and morals.


Abstract 'Fracking' was on New York's agenda since 2008, yet no decision was made about it until late 2014. The gridlock is an intriguing puzzle given that the Marcellus shale is considered a 'world class' energy supply, and development has been aggressive in other US states. While policy scholars typically conceptualize gridlock as policy stability, this paper examines it as a dynamic process by which competing discourse coalitions engage in interactive framing processes that (re)structure the discussion. This suggests that the interaction between contending coalitions influences gridlock. Yet, we lack knowledge about interactive framing between competing coalitions during policy controversies. Our main finding is that a central mechanism of gridlock is the production of conflict through interactive framing dynamics that deny a shared discursive space capable of ushering in a consensus, or reasoned agreement. In New York, this contest evolved from a policy consensus about the economic benefits of fracking to policy negotiation that incorporated environmental threats, and to prolonged policy controversy in which competing discourse coalitions contested notions of fracking in relation to energy production, environmental protection, public health, economic development, and governance. While a ban has been instituted, the failure to bridge discourse coalitions suggests that controversy will persist unless meaning disputes are resolved.


This article will trace the key legislative interventions in the lives of persons with disabilities in Ireland. It will explore the growth of a vast network of institutions and the subsequent legislative powers which were introduced to allow for the removal of persons deemed "dangerous" or "mad" from society. In particular, it will consider the powers afforded to police officers during both the age of institutionalisation and the age of deinstitutionalisation in the late twentieth century. It will be argued that the police have played a historically important role in the control and confinement of deviant persons, yet little is known about the extent to which they were involved in the removal of individuals to institutions such as asylums and workhouses. The police continue to play an integral role in the contemporary mental health system and this article will question whether this is appropriate especially in light of Ireland's ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.


Accurately segmenting and quantifying structures is a key issue in biomedical image analysis. The two conventional methods of image segmentation, region-based segmentation and boundary finding, often suffer from a variety of limitations. We propose a method which endeavors to integrate the two approaches in an effort to form a unified approach that is robust to noise and poor initialization. Our approach uses Green's theorem to derive the boundary of a homogeneous region-classified area in the image and integrates this with a grey-level-gradient-based boundary finder. This combines the perceptual notions of edge/shape information with gray level homogeneity.<<ETX>>


Joseph Ndwaniye's novel La Promesse faite à ma sœur [The Promise Made to My Sister] represents an important literary landmark: it's the first fiction novel penned by a Rwandan post-genocide. Published in 2007 by the Belgian press Impressions Nouvelles, Ndwaniye's novel has since garnered several awards, including the Prix du Marais, the Prix Jean Bernard, and was a finalist in the 2007 Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie. La Promesse faite à ma sœur explores a Rwandan emigrant's attempt to come to terms with the horrors of the 1994 genocide. The hero, Jean, returns home in 2003 to find answers about his sister's murder and his twin brother's disappearance. In Rwanda, he learns that his twin brother is actually in prison, accused of killing a neighbor. Through the themes of twinness, truth, memory, duty, and culpability, the novel probingly examines ''individual responsibility in this collective tragedy,'' be it that of (Rwandan) bystanders abroad or those within the country. ''What would you have done in my place?'' is the question Jean's twin repeatedly forces him to ponder. Aside from emphasizing reconciliation, the novel also describes the experience of Rwandan emigrants abroad and deliberates conditions in post-genocide Rwanda, pointing to such issues as AIDS, the poverty of survivors, or the influx of returning Anglophone exiles. Importantly, La Promesse also vies to showcase and reclaim traditional Rwandan culture. The first part of the novel, a Bildungsroman, depicts Jean's childhood in the bucolic Rwandan countryside, herding cows or tending his grandmother's urugo (farm-estate) by day and listening to her riveting stories at night. This traditional culture starkly contrasts with post-colonial developments that ultimately lure Jean abroad. The second half of the novel continues interrogating the role of traditional culture in contemporary Rwanda, given technological advances, the rise of globalization, changing demographics, and saliently, in light of reconciliation and healing post-genocide. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 21:347–353 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN 1040-2659 print; 1469-9982 online DOI: 10.1080/10402650903099419


A microwave monolithic technology based on zone-melt recrystallization (ZMR) of silicon films on alumina substrates using a phosphosilicate glass (PSG) buffer layer is described. While initial recrystallization results confirm the difficulty of obtaining device-quality films with a thermally mismatched substrate, the planarity and viscoelastic strain relief introduced by the PSG indicate that the technology should be feasible. A surface-oriented p-i-n diode device structure has been developed which is compatible with the recrystallized silicon films. Results obtained with this process using single-crystal substrates demonstrate the feasibility of the device structure. The potential of high-power monolithic control circuits is discussed. This technology particularly attractive for phased-array antenna modules from 1 to 5 GHz.<<ETX>>


This paper presents applications of an optimization-based multigrid method to state constrained aerodynamic shape optimization problems. The one-shot simultaneous pseudo-time-stepping method has been applied successfully to such problems, reducing the cost of computation up to 70% from that of a traditional gradient method. However, the number of optimization iterations is comparatively large in this method since we update the design parameters in each time-step of state and costate runs. In this paper we use an optimization-based multigrid strategy to reduce the total number of optimization iterations while keeping the idea of the one-shot pseudo-time-stepping method. Design examples of drag reduction with constant lift, together with geometrical constraints, for an RAE2822 airfoil are included. The total effort required for convergence of the optimization problem is between four and six times that of forward simulation runs depending on computational grid size.