Everyday life in Russia past and present, edited by Choi Chatterjee, David L. Ransel, Mary Cavender and Karen Petrone, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2015, ix +430 pp., US$90.00 (hbk), ISBN 978-0-253-01245-6, US$35.00 (pbk), ISBN 978-0-253-01254-8Everyday Life in Russia Past and Present is an excellent and ambitious edited collection: interdisciplinary (history, anthropology, sociology, literature, film studies), transnational (China, the United States, Afghanistan), and committed to the longue duree. The authors - from the US, UK, and Russia - are some of the best in the field and their contributions challenge and expand our understanding of the concept of everyday life as lived in prerevolutionary, Soviet, and contemporary Russia. The 17 chapters are divided into five themes: approaches to everyday life; public identities and public space; living space and personal choice; myth, memory, and the history of everyday life; and transnational connections.Many of the authors, especially the historians, equate everyday life with the life of "ordinary people", and with everyday practices of private life in opposition to those of the public sphere. In an historiographical chapter on the scholarship of everyday life, and a subsequent chapter on the privatization of communal properties in contemporary Russia, David Ransel focuses on the ways that "ordinary people" (157) use everyday life to respond to the power of established structures by evading rules and expressing opposition or dismay. Peter Pozefsky explores how transition-era films about Stalin "offer critical insights into the lives of ordinary people" (276). Steven Harris, in an excerpt from his important book on the history of Soviet mass housing, argues that studying the everyday helps to "identify the agency ordinary Soviet citizens" exercised in the face of the Soviet state's "incredible power" (183). Art historian Susan Reid offers a nuanced interpretation of the "spaces for individual agency" offered by individual consumption and decorating choices in mass-produced Soviet apartments. Three compelling chapters on the transnational (Elizabeth McGuire, Karen Petrone, Choi Chatterjee) all see everyday life as a ground for conflict and negotiation between state and society. Almost uniquely in this volume, Mary Cavender is curious about the everyday life of elites, with her study of nobles' beliefs about agronomic practice on provincial estates. That said, she is still interested in power relations. We should study the everyday life of elites, she argues, so that we deepen "our understandings of the everyday lives of those subject to their authority" (37).The anthropologists, sociologists, and literary scholars in this collection are also interested in power, but are more likely to question a dichotomy between state and society. In his elegant study, anthropologist Douglas Rogers offers an especially nuanced view of the definitional challenges with an exploration of the differences between byt and povsednevnost' in his study of Lukoil's corporate funding of folk culture. …


Abstract The programming of a CI speech processor involves measurement of electrical threshold and 'most comfortable loudness' (MCL) levels on each electrode. However, when the derived 'map' is activated the resultant percept is often too loud or too soft. In this situation, adjustments of MCL settings are usually made in order to achieve a comfortable percept. The present study examined the range of volume control adjustments in 24 users of the MED-EL C40/40+ device. Volume control settings varied from 36% to 126% with a mean of 84.3% (SD = 20.4%). Additionally, the output compression function ('maplaw') was adjusted to test whether this alternative manipulation could result in a comfortable percept. It was found that this could be achieved satisfactorily, with maplaw values ranging from 10 to 2000. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper reconsider the fundamental de Finetti's representation theorem. It is stressed its role at the front-line between Probability Theory and Inferential Statistics and its relation to the fundamental problem of relating past observations with future predictions i. e. the problem of induction.


Due to the nonuniform solar irradiance, unequal ambient temperatures, or inconsistent degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules in three-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) PV inverter, the unbalanced output power among PV modules will lead to the imbalanced power between phases and bridges, resulting in unbalanced or even distorted grid current between three phases, which cannot meet the requirements of grid codes. Concerning this issue, this article proposes a novel power equalization method based on the combination of hybrid modulation strategy and zero-sequence injection methods, which deals with interbridge power imbalance by hybrid modulation and interphase power imbalance by zero-sequence injection methods. By utilizing the proposed method, three-phase-balanced grid currents with low total harmonic distortion are able to be achieved even when the interbridge and the interphase power are seriously unbalanced. In addition, each H-bridge cell in three-phase CHB inverter uses square-wave modulation, which maximizes the dc-side voltage utilization of each H-bridge cell, thus extending its power balance region. Experimental results achieved by a laboratory prototype of a three-phase seven-level CHB inverter demonstrate both feasibility and validity of the proposed method.


There is controversy concerning the proper fractal scaling of human EEG. In order to resolve it we applied the most commonly used algorithm -- detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to the time series generated using a fundamental model of statistical physics: the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Langevin equation whose scaling properties can be determined analytically. In the process we uncovered the totally unexpected difference between time and ensemble averaging for this stationary and ergodic model.


Using Camellia oleifera shell (COS) as a raw material and phosphoric acid as the activator, activated Camellia oleifera shell carbon (COSC-0) was prepared and then modified by Fenton's reagent (named as COSC-1). SEM, GC-MS, FTIR, and specific surface area and pore analyzers were used to study the adsorption performance of COS, COSC-0, and COSC-1 on cooking fumes. Results showed that COSC-1 was the best adsorbent compared with COS and COSC-0. The adsorption quantity and penetrating time of COSC-1 were 44.04 mg/g and 4.1 h, respectively. Most aldehydes could be adsorbed by COSC-1, which was due to the large number of carbonyl and carboxyl groups generated on the surface of COSC-1 from the action of Fenton's reagent. The adsorption effect of COSC-1 on different types of pollutants in cooking fumes was analyzed based on the similar compatibility principle. COSC-1 showed a much higher adsorption effect on the strong polarity functional groups than on weak polar groups. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of Camellia oleifera shell carbon adsorption technology in the treatment of cooking fumes.


Induction motors are the most common drive in today's industries due of its salient features. But its operating condition may sometime led the machine into the different fault situations. The external faults like Over Load, single phasing, unbalanced supply Voltage , locked rotor, phase reversal, ground fault, Under Voltage & Over Voltage happens more rapidly. These faults can result in drastic consequences for an industrial process. Early detection of abnormalities in the motors will help to avoid expensive failures & also can lead to greater plant availability, extended life, higher quality product, and smoother plant operation. Extensive research has been conducted in the last decade & several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have been developed and applied in the monitoring processes of faults. ANN can be applied in induction motor relays which provide inexpensive but effective fault detection mechanism. This paper addresses the detection of an external motor faults (e.g., unbalanced voltage, under voltage, overvoltage) with a digital protection set by using an artificial neural network (ANN) for a three-phase induction motor of rating 3HP, 414 V, 6.4A, 50Hz Sq Cage IM 1480 rpm. The proposed set-up has been simulated using "Matlab/Simulink" Software and tested for various conditions of unbalance voltages. This dissertation also talks about the causes of unbalance voltage fault & its effect on performance of motor. Same is verified by MATLAB simulation results. The data sheet is created by using MATLAB results at various unbalance voltage conditions and it is used to train & test the neural network. Well trained neural network with most sensitive parameters are used to detect abnormal conditions with more accuracy. Data sheet can be also obtained by performing actual experimental setup on motor at normal & abnormal conditions. A Stator current signals can be captured by DSO. Processed & Sampled data can be used to train neural network for detecting abnormal condition. The simulated results clearly show that welltrained neural networks can precisely of early fault detection, also validating the proposed setup as a simple, reliable and effective protection for the three-phase induction motor.


The single crystal X-ray structures of three well-ordered cocrystals of C70 with brominated benzenes are examined. The crystals are those of C70·C6Br6·C7H8, C70·C6Br6·C6H6, and C70·2(1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene)·CS2. While all three structures exhibit extensive van der Waals interactions, the presence of a wavelike C–Br---Br structural motif is a distinctive part of the cocrystal assembly. In these three crystal structures, it is observed that the Br---Br interactions are a cross between type I and II halogen–halogen bonds. In our hands, this structural motif does not occur in structures with C60.


The results of broken symmetry ab initio unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations are used to probe the angular and distance dependence of the magnetic coupling between a pair of iron centers bridged by an oxo ligand. The specific complex studied was Na 2 [Fe 2 OCl 6 ]. We find the magnetic interaction to be sensitive to the Fe-O distance but rather insensitive to the Fe-O-Fe angle. Further, we calculate J, the Heisenberg coupling constant, to be -170.0 cm -1 , when the Fe-O distance is 1.75 A


To improve the quality of human life, sometimes, surgical interventions are required to replace or retain damaged tissue during reparative regeneration. Titanium and titanium alloys are well-proven biocompatible materials. The methods of modeling the phase composition of the titanium alloy can be used to predict the chemical and physical-mechanical properties of implants and suture material. In this research, the features of the titanium drawing process are investigated, recommendations are given for thermo-mechanical processing and the choice of a lubricant. Modeling the structure and phase composition of alloys allows predicting their properties and choosing the optimal technological parameters for all drawing transitions. Drawing must be performed in a friction mode close to the hydrodynamic regime with intermediate annealing to control the phase composition of titanium, restore the plasticity resource, and heal crystal structure defects. The composition of atmospheric gases during annealing makes it possible to control the phase composition and properties of the alloy. The use of exfoliated graphite is proposed as a lubricant applied to the anodized titanium surface.


We study the problem of the influence of one-sided different noisy channels to the quantum correlations decay in a symmetric bosonic system. We concentrate on one type of these correlations—the entanglement. The system under consideration is composed of two nonlinear oscillators coupled by two-boson interactions and externally driven by a continuous coherent field. Our low-dimensional system can be treated as 2-qutrit one. Two different noisy channels (the amplitude and the phase-damping reservoirs) are applied to both of the system's modes. We show that there is a noticeable difference in the quantum entanglement in 2-qubit subspaces of the whole system decrease after swapping the reservoirs between the modes of the considered symmetric system. It appears also that the degree of obtained entanglement depends crucially on the position of the appropriate type of reservoir. The origin of the observed asymmetry is also explained.


Objective: To study the valuation of multi-slice spiral CT thin-slice plain scan and enhance image observation of cervical lymph node used in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods: CT manifestations of cervical lymph node of 45 cases who were diagnosed with benign and malignant spaceoccupyinglesion by MACT plain scan, enhance inspection and pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively. The relativity between size, location, form, enhance condition of lymph nodes and thyroid cancer was summarized. Results: Thirty-seven cases (82%) were found lymph node enlargement, among them, the thyroid cancer accounted for 92%(12/13), thyroid adenoma accounted for 79%(15/19), nodules thyroid hyperplasia accounted for 75%(9/12), metastases accounted for 100%(1/1). Conclusion: Thyroid cancer often accompanies with lymph node metastasis. MSCT thin-slice plain scan and enhance image can find cervical lymph nodes easily and show the edge and internal structure effectively, which can provide the valuable help for thyroid cancer diagnosis and surgical treatment.


This paper expatiates that the distribution according to labor under the socialist planned economy is the principle of distributing individual consumer goods while the distribution according to labor under the socialist market economy is the principle of distributing the fruits of surplus labor. In addition, this paper discusses the ways of realizing the combination of distribution according to labor and distribution according to production factors.


This history of the theories of fatigue ranges from the early years of the 18th century to the middle of the 20th century. In the 18th century, exhaustion came from the consumption of « animal spirits », from the wearing out of the «solid matters », or from the « tiredness » originating in « fluids » stagnation. Exhaustion is a consequence of violent activities, of sustained mental activity, or of the « sedentary » work ; but it also comes from sexual perversions. In the early 19th century, vigour therapies launched a debate over the origin of strength. Considering the energy of the body comes from the air we breathe in, does loss of breath play part in the growth of the fatigue ? When in the mid-19th century new knowledges came up concerning the physiological aspects of the muscle activity, tiredness was attribued to a lack of oxygen in the body and an excess of carbon dioxyde. Further explanations were proposed trougth the new physiology of the brain, in the ligth of advances in psychology. Then came the principales of training, later developped during the 20th century to justify the techniques founded on experience and aimed at making men toughs.


John Whitehead's book on sequential trials is without doubt the standard text in this area, and so a second edition is welcome. One important change is that there are more examples included of the use of sequential trials in practice. However, the major change is that it is now assumed that the reader will use PEST (Planning and Evaluation of Sequential Trials), a computer package developed and distributed in collaboration with the author, to design and analyse sequential trials. This is a doubled-edged development, in that the book is no longer self-contained, although if one does acquire the PEST software then the methodology becomes far more accessible.

It must be stressed that this is very much a text on the technical aspects of sequential trials, and not a balanced overview of the strengths and weaknesses of sequential trials in general.

The basic philosophy lying behind a sequential trial is that the goal is to achieve a statistically significant result as quickly as possible, using as few patients as possible. Then, if part-way through the trial it is apparent that it is very unlikely that a significant result will be obtained, one should cut one's losses and abandon the trial.

One can see the attraction of this argument to a sponsoring pharmaceutical company, and it is a quite reasonable approach to a 'me too' evaluation of yet another new agent from a class which is already known to be efficacious. However, in general, the investigator's goal in conducting a Phase III efficacy trial should be to obtain reliable information which can guide clinical practice. This is far removed from the goal of achieving statistical significance, and raises difficult questions about how robust the findings of a trial need to be before the trial will influence clinical practice. For example, do all of the secondary endpoints need to support the findings with the primary endpoint? Does the 'intention-to-treat' analysis need to be consistent with a 'per protocol' analysis? Does the lower end of the confidence interval for the treatment effect need to be clinically significant?

A further concern is the implication of trials being abandoned early on the basis of 'futility' analyses. Such trials do not establish efficacy, but neither do they establish lack of efficacy, i.e. by definition they are inconclusive. If one looks, for example, at recent trials of neuroprotective agents in head injury, there has been a series of trials which have been abandoned prematurely on the strength of unrealistic expectations combined with futility analyses, meaning that there is a real risk of the development of an entire therapeutic class being abandoned without any definitive evidence being available on the efficacy ofthese compounds. A parallel pattern can be seen in stroke trials, and so I believe that in these indications the commercial pressures which drive futility analyses are doing a grave disservice to science and to the clinical care of acutely ill patients.

To summarise, if one is sold on performing a sequential trial, then there is no better place to turn for a definitive treatment of the statistical aspects of these designs than John Whitehead's book. If one is looking for a balanced discussion of the place of such methods in drug development, then one must look elsewhere.


Searchers today are often faced with searching in a language that is not their native language. Searching in a foreign language will necessarily differ from searching in a native language. In this paper we examine one step of the foreign‐language searching process: selection decisions about web search results. We report the results of an analysis of participant statements about why a certain web result was selected by 15 Hungarian and 15 Chinese native language speakers who searched in English. Our results confirm selection criteria from the literature and identify new selection criteria that foreign‐language searchers pay attention to when selecting search results.


This article describes a robust simultaneous joint inversion scheme for the interpretation of gravity and self-potential data measured along the profile. The developed scheme jointly inverts the two data sets of the causative targets by some geometrically simple idealized bodies (the so-called approximative/interpretive models) in the restricted class of spheres and cylinders. It simultaneously recovers the characteristic inverse parameters of all interpretive bodies (that is, the depth <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, amplitude coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, electric dipole moment <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and polarization angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of each body). It employs the Gauss–Newton (GN) method in the space of the logarithmed and nonlogarithmed model parameters (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log (|A|)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log (K)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log (z)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of each body) (rather than in the space of the model parameters themselves (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)) to maintain the convergence. The scheme has been successfully validated on a number of noise-free numerical examples, after which the accuracy and stability of the scheme have been carefully assessed on various noisy data. The influence of the scaling factors of the objective functional subjected to minimization on the convergence of the GN method and on the nonuniqueness of the approximative solution that describes and resembles the underlying buried targets has been investigated. It has been found that the developed scheme is very robust and capable of extracting accurate and useful information that is of some significance in mineral exploration. Finally, the scheme has been applied to a real data example from Germany. Careful analysis of this case study suggests new results that are of some value in mining geophysics.


The present study is conducted in various ways,covering document,questionnaire,statistics and interview.By way of investigating carefully the present state of the exploitation and utilization of the physical human resources in 50 middle schools from 5 cities in Henan province,this paper surveys the main problems and reasons in the exploitation and utilization of PE curriculum resource in the middle schools.Sports teachers have done a lot to utilize the sports equipments in the schools.But it is not enough in utilization and exploitation in playgrounds and sports equipments out of schools.The main reasons are no-changing thoughts,no-broadening minds and no-extension in space of sports courses to society.This paper offers some suggestions for the better exploitation and utilization of the PE facilities resource,pointing out the thoughts of concept-people oriented and health first.


The last two years have shown many political and scientific debates during the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [...].


The article presents a review of institutions role as part of the constitution of abnormal subjects, based in the research: Education of Abnormal: educational and pedagogical perspectives in Colombia. This study, was focus in the 40s to 70s of the 20th century, a historic moment that reveals the modernization process, where international organizations such as: UNESCO, OAS, UN, UNICEF, were interest in intervening on underdeveloped countries, in consequience, the colombian goverment showed its complacency making Power alliances to design strategies that could project national production, recognizing the use of technology and the preparation of human capital, as means for population management .. The investigation is of an archaeological-genealogic type, is focused, on the one hand , in the erudition, that is, the deep knowledge of facts, and the other hand, in an itemized work that tries to collect documents, and trough of your analysis, find small truths or apparently insignificant interpretations that configure and create reality.


The General Studies Program consists of 30 credit hours and forms the foundation of a Wayne State College liberal arts education.


In the era of brand economy,the brand can decide the achievement of pricing power and value addition during the process of the manufacturing industries transition from the low-end to the high-end.To choose a correct brand strategy pattern will decide whether China's manufacturing industries can realize their transition successfully.This paper constructs a brand pricing power model for the transition of the manufacturing industries with the help of the cost-selecting analysis paradigm of brand economics.In the light of the brand management practice of the global manufacturing industries,it summarizes four basic brand strategy patterns for the transition of China's manufacturing industries.Finally it provides some relative policy suggestions for China's manufacturing industries to transit and update from lower end to higher end.


Cryopreservation of animal germplasm is to preserve the germplasm at a very low temperature (-196 ℃) so that it could survive for a long time because its metabolism was inhibited.Sperm and embryos as well as oocytes of many species were successfully cryopreserved since 1949.The number of species whose germplasm could be cryopreserved is increasing to improvement of the technology of cryobiology.However,there are still problems or difficulties for the cryopreservation of animal germplasm,such as low fertile ability of the germplasm,especially most of mammalian oocytes,after cryopreservation.Further study on the mechanism of cryopreservation,finding a better protocol and reducing the cryoinjury are crucial to cryopreservation of animal germplasm.The present paper describes some of the advances in the cryopreservation and outlines the relative merits and limitations as reference for the researchers in this field.


Understanding the spatial distribution of commercial sex activities (CSA) in urban environments is important in addressing the harms against sex workers and identifying sex trafficking operations. Guided by crime pattern theory, using Census data and New York Police Department (NYPD) prostitution-related arrests data ( N = 29,075) from 2010 to 2019, this study examines the "hot spots" of CSA in New York City. Local Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis (LISA) identified distinctive spatial clusters of CSA, whereas logistic regression explained their significant congregation in immigrant and racial-ethnic enclaves. The heterogeneity of clusters by boroughs portrays the convergence of activity space of sex workers, patrons, and sex business opportunities reflecting the high-demand locations of CSA and human trafficking in NYC.


WITH the February number the BUUXTIN of the Solvay Institute enters on the third year of a career that has been marked by rdreshing originality. M. Waxwdler has not been afraid to make alterations in the arrangement of the matter and in format, which amount to a confession that at the outset he did not know all there was to know as to the management of the literary department of a sociological institute. Hence the changes have always been improvements : and to-day the Bullttlii is more than twice as thick as it used to be, while it is only half as heavy on the post-office balance. From a birthday address whidi forms the prdace to this ntimber the student will leam much about sodoiog^y in the making. M. Waxweiler's method of work brings together large numbers of ^iperts in all the social sdences, who seem to synthetite their spedalisms into the sodtdogical harmony with eminent success. He thinks the most serious mistake that sodologists are liable to make is that of turning thdr sdence into an absolute philosophy instead of building it up continually on the bets whichthe other sdences bring to light as they grow and become organized. At the same time he seems to have rather too much faith in his power to turn biology, economics, and various other disdplines into sodology by pronoundng a sodological incantation over them—^To give in brief notes any idea of the contents of the volume would be impossible. We mention one fact only recorded here, in the section which was once called Rlunions des Groupes d'ttudes, but is now headed Chroniqne de C/iMtitMt. We refer to the admiration that recent sodal legislation in England has aroused on the Continent, and to the lectures on the subject which, by arrangement with the Eighty Club, were g^ven at the Institute last January by Messrs. Philip Morrell, A. G. Gardiner, John Brunner and Charles Mallet. The first lecturer dealt with agrarian politics, the second with sodal, the third with industrial, and the fourth with fiscal politics. Not content with obtaining thus much information from British orators, the director arranged a conference on " Social Reform by Political Means " at which seven members of the Eighty Club were the chief ddMtets, and the proceedings at which will be reported in the series of the publications of the Institute which is known as AciualiUs sodaUs.


espanolEl objetivo del protocolo es conocer que estudios deben solicitarse ante una anemia en un paciente con enfermedad renal cronica (ERC), el diagnostico diferencial de la anemia renal, conocer y corregir otras anemias carenciales, y criterios de remision del paciente anemico con ERC a Nefrologia u otras especialidades. EnglishThe objective of this protocol is to know which test are needed to study an anaemia in a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the differential diagnosis of renal anaemia, to know and correct other deficiency anaemias, and the criteria for referral to Nephrology or other specialties of the anaemic patient with CKD.


Summary: Johan Rosenbachs Vocabulari is the first lexical index of Catalan and German, but it is not a completely original work. The aim of this paper is to produce evidence that shows its reliance on the early Italian dictionaries of his time, and especially on Introito e Porta (1477) from which the printer from Heidelberg took full paragraphs. [Keywords: Catalan-German dictionaries; Italian lexicography; history of printing]


The general purpose of t h i s t h e s i s was to determine whether f u t u r e research i n v o l v i n g EMG biofeedback as a precompetition muscle r e l a x a t i o n technique f o r competitive a t h l e t e s was warranted. More s p e c i f i c a l l y , the goals were f i r s t to determine i f there were increases i n the muscle tens i o n l e v e l s of competing a t h l e t e s p r i o r to competitive events and then to determine whether such increases could a f f e c t the performance of motor t a s k s . In Experiment 1 the muscle t e n s i o n l e v e l s of the r i g h t forearm f l e x o r and quadricep muscle groups of 10 c o l l e g i a t e w r e s t l e r s were monitored p r i o r to a competitive event There was a s i g n i f i c a n t increase i n the l e v e l s of muscle tens i o n of the r i g h t forearm f l e x o r group. I n Experiment 2 subjects were asked to reproduce these increases i n muscle t e n s i o n w i t h the a i d of EMG biofeedback p r i o r to the performance of three motor s k i l l s . I t was discovered that such i n creases i n muscle t e n s i o n d i s r u p t e d the performance of both the Hand-Steadiness and Grip-Strength Tests. Thus, competi t i v e a t h l e t e s do have elevated pre-competition l e v e l s of muscle t e n s i o n which may d i s r u p t some kinds of motor performance. The present r e s u l t s , t h e r e f o r e , suggest that f u t u r e re search i n v o l v i n g EMG biofeedback as a pre-competition muscle r e l a x a t i o n technique f o r competitive a t h l e t e s i s warranted.


ALMOST every physician, regardless of the type or medicine he practices, secretly believes that he has at least two other skills. He knows that he can deliver a baby and that he can administer anes...


Site U1325 (Prospectus Site CAS-02C) is located near the southwestern end of the marginperpendicular transect established during Expedition 311 and is within a major slope basin that developed eastward of the deformation front behind a steep ridge of accreted sediments. Bathymetry data show that the seafloor in the western part of this slope basin is relatively flat with water depths around 2200 m. Around Site U1325 the seafloor becomes gradually shallower before it rises rapidly to the east to form the plateau of the second main accreted ridge at water depths around 1200 m, on which Sites U1327 and 889 are located. A bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) is clearly visible in the eastern part of the slope basin, but it fades to the west (CDP 1180 – 1280 along MCS line 89-08). The BSR also shows the typical frequency dependent reflection strength pattern as observed at all other sites. At Site U1325 the BSR is less strong than at the core of a buried ridge of accreted sediments, which is located about 700 m west of this Site. The BSR appears to be at ~230 ± 5 mbsf based on seismic travel-time depth conversion, using an average P-wave velocity of 1636 m/s. This average velocity was determined at Site 889 to match observed travel-time depths of the BSR and VSP data. We acknowledge that this velocity may not be appropriate in this setting. However, lack of good control in seismic interval velocities from MCS semblance analyses of the lines 89-08 and PGC9902_ODP7 prohibited accurate depth migration.


ployed in various parts of the Dominion of A brief survey of procedures for vaccination Canada is also included. against diphtheria has been undertaken. Recent diphtheria anatoxine or toxoid is briefly For the preparation of the tables and graph I am very wonsiderkeo A statistical survey of, the extent much indebted to my colleague Miss Mary Ross, M.A., considered. A statistical survey of the extent of the Department of Epidemiology and Biometrics, to which this immunizing agent has been emSchool of Hygiene, University of Toronto.


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of DPK, Total Capital, and NPF on the amount of mudbarabah financing at sharia banks in Indonesia. The discussion in this research is how the influence of variable DPK, Total Capital, and NPF to variable amount of financing. The research method used in this research is quantitative by using secondary data obtained from statistics of syariah banking in Indonesia. Technique of data analysis in this research use Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis tool. The results of this study found that the DPK has a positive influence on the variable amount of mudharabah financing, then Total Capital has no effect on the variable amount of mudharabah financing, and NPF has a positive effect on the variable amount of mudharabah financing. Although the amount of capital has no significant effect on the amount of mudharabah financing, 81.9% of the variations in Mudharabah Financing variables are explained by Third Party Fund (DPK), Total Capital (CAR) and Non Performing Financing (NPF) variables.


The authors have fabricated the polycrystalline Li–Zn–Cu ferrite as a new temperature sensitive ferrite. The Li–Zn–Cu ferrite had high-frequency permeability profile and high electrical resistivity as well as the Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite for multilayered surface-mounting device such as a high-frequency chip inductor and filter. Since the new Li–Zn–Cu ferrite had both excellent high-frequency magnetic property and temperature sensitivity, it will be suitable for miniaturization of high-frequency inductive temperature sensing device. In this study, the relationship between grain size and the temperature-dependent magnetic properties of polycrystalline Li–Zn–Cu ferrite has been investigated. Three kinds of the Li–Zn–Cu ferrites sintered with Bi2O3 at different temperature were synthesized, and their temperature characteristics were evaluated. The most important result obtained is as follows: as the sintering temperature rose the coarse grain increased without changing bulk density, the permeability and its temperature dependence can be enhanced by grain growth due to higher sintering temperature. Therefore, the temperature dependent permeability of the Li–Zn–Cu ferrite can be controlled by grain size only without a change of the chemical composition.


The general term for optical surfaces better than the lowest level of the scratch-dig standards has become "supersmooth", and is seen in technical literature as well as in advertising pieces. A performance number, such as BRDF, which can be measured from the uncoated optical surface by equipment such as the Variable Angle Scatterometer at the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laborataories at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is proposed as a method of generating better optical surface specifications. Data show that surfaces of average BRDF values near 10 parts per billion per steradian (0.010 PPM/Sr) for β-βo = 0.5, are now possible and measurable.


A pixel for picking-up an image signal and its manufacturing method are provided to restrain generation of a cross-talk by using a trench gap-filled with an insulator for preventing electrons generated by the image signal from being transferred to an adjacent pixel. A photo diode(PD) is formed on an upper of a substrate(SUB). A P-type diffusion area(P) and an N-type diffusion region(N) are junctioned in upper and lower directions to configure the photo diode. A pass transistor is formed on an upper of the substrate. A terminal of the pass transistor becomes the P-type diffusion region and the N-type diffusion region, and the other terminal of the pass transistor becomes a floating diffusion area(FD). A gate terminal of the pass transistor is located between the terminals. A peripheral of a pixel is surrounded by a trench passing through the substrate. The trench is gap-filled with an insulator.


Base on the systematic collections on the gas pre-drainage information of the No.3115 coal mining face in Qinchi Mine,the gas outburst prediction information of the air retuning gateway and the air income gateway and the related parameters from the tests of 5 coal samples,the assessment on the outburst danger of the coal mining face was made individually with the unit index,comprehensive index method and remnant gas content method.The calculation on the gas drainage quantity and the gas drainage rate from the coal mining face showed that the gas outburst danger was eliminated for the proposed No.3115 coal mining face.


This volume, containing papers from the Third International Emblem Conference held in Pittsburgh in 1993, focuses on the 17th-century emblem in England. It focuses on the contexts within which emblems were used, rather than on the emblem books themselves.


Summary

A preference hierarchy of the oligophagous carrot fly for 30 umbelliferous host-plant species or varieties and six non-hosts was assessed. Foliage of the test plants was presented to a laboratory population of the fly in oviposition choice experiments together with leaves of a standard plant, the susceptible carrot cultivar "Danvers". Only two species (Anthriscus cerefolium, Carum carvi) were more acceptable than the standard plant, while about half the species received significantly fewer eggs. Some umbellifers (Anethum graveolens, Pimpinella major) had a low acceptability similar to that of non-hosts (non-umbelliferous plants). The results obtained with dual and multiple choice assays were in agreement. A multiple choice assay with potted plants yielded a similar ranking of the species as assays using detached leaves, indicating that foliage is representative for whole plants. Variability in the exploratory runs performed by the females on the leaves prior to egg-laying is described and quantified for hosts and non-hosts. Differences in post-alighting pre-ovipositional behaviour of the female flies on the leaves accounted for a major part of the variation recorded in egg-laying.


The layer structure of the chiral smectic phase showing V-shaped switching was investigated using the X-ray diffraction method. In thin planar cells of a three-component mixture in which V-shaped switching was first reported, the chevron layer structure was confirmed. The layer structure almost kept chevron even in the application of an electric field, and additional small diffraction peaks suggesting the existence of a substructure during V-shaped switching were observed. Preliminary time-resolved results are also reported.


The dedicated gas hydrate coring/drilling program was carried out under National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) in four Indian offshore areas (Kerala-Konkan, KrishnaGodavari, Mahanadi and Andman) during 28th April to 19th August, 2006. During NGHP Expedition 01, 2006, total of 39 holes were drilled/cored at 21 sites in these areas. The gas hydrates have been found to be present in large quantities in Indian offshore areas particularly in KG basin. More than 130 confirmed solid gas hydrate samples were recovered during this hydrate coring/drilling program. The laboratory analysis was carried out on the 34 natural gas hydrate samples recovered from offshore India. The gas hydrate characterization was carried out using the microscopic techniques such as Raman, 13 C NMR and XRD for its structure, cavity occupancy and hydration number. The gas hydrates occur in grayish green fine sediments, gray medium sands and white volcanic ash as pore-filling hydrate and massive hydrates in fractured shale/clay. The visible massive gas hydrates developed especially at Site NGHP 1-10B, 10C, 10D and 21A in K G area. The structures of the gas hydrates in the studied samples are all sI, with methane as the dominant guest molecule. The occupancy of methane in large cage is almost complete, while it is variable in the small cage (0.75 to 0.99). The hydration number is 6.10 ± 0.15 for most of the hydrates in the samples studied. This paper presents the results of the laboratory analysis on the structural characterization of natural gas hydrates in core samples from offshore India.


This invention relates to a relay protection method in a power system and discloses a method for realizing circuit differential protection based on the long-line equation computation in a high voltage transmission circuit, which converts the voltage and current tested at the protection mounted place to those of a reference point K in the protection sphere by a method of vector computing long-line equation, in which, the voltage Um and the current Im of end m are voltage UKm and current IKm converted to point K, the current In is converted to point k as voltage Ukn and cutrrent Ikn, if there are parallel reactors, it's needed to deduct the current on it to get I'km and I'kn, then Ikm, Ikn or I'km applied at the reference point and the I'kn is computed in terms of multiple differential formula to judge if there is fault in the region.


We describe the cypridoidean ostracod Cavernocypris hokkaiensis sp. nov. from riverbed sediments in an alpine stream at an elevation of ca. 1850 m in the Taisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan. This species differs from congeners in having (1) the outer surface of the carapace smooth, with sparse, tiny setae, but without shallow pits; (2) the carapace elongate rather than triangular in lateral view; (3) the antennula consisting of seven podomeres; (4) first palpal podomere of maxillula with five dorsodistal and one ventro-subdistal setae; (5) the fifth limb lacking setae b and d; and (6) the fifth limb lacking a vibratory plate. We provided the key to the Cavernocypris species. We determined partial sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI; cox1) and 18S rRNA (18S) genes in C. hokkaiensis. Our sample contained only females, and we obtained a partial 16S rRNA sequence for the endosymbiotic bacterium Cardinium from C. hokkaiensis, indicating the possibility that this ostracod species reproduces parthenogenetically. Our field survey and observations of captive individuals suggested that C. hokkaiensis may be endemic to the Taisetsu Mountains, with a low population density, narrow distributional range, and slow maturation to sexual maturity.


t o make o r a l p r e s e n t a t i o n s of t hese a t t h e conference. The P res iden t t hen informed the execut ive t h a t t he Associat ion would most l i k e l y have two working days i n a conference s e t t i n g , wi th o r without t h e Learned S o c i e t i e s , and asked t h e members i f t h e t h r e e format approach should be incorpora ted i n t o t h e conference planning. The o t h e r members of t h e execut ive f e l t t h a t t h e t r i l e v e l approach should be considered. Further d i scuss ion r e s u l t e d i n a genera l s t r u c t u r e where a c e r t a i n block of t ime would be s e t a s i d e f o r t h e p re sen ta t ion of formal papers , another s e c t i o n involving a p a r t i c i p a t o r y format where s h o r t p re sen ta t ions would be made followed by an informal d i scuss ion i n a workshop s e t t i n g and a t h i r d b lock of time f o r o r a l c r i t i q u e s based on reviews of books r e l a t i n g t o o r a l h i s t o r y . The P res iden t suggested t h a t t h e execut ive cons ider recommendations f o r each format and submit t hese t o t h e Vice-President. He a l s o thought t h a t t h e conference theme could be decided when enough inpu t had been received from prospec t ive de l ega te s .


With the increased interest that is being taken in the New Zealand Grassland Association, there is associated an increased need for a consideration of the origin and development of the association and its actitities.


: This paper analyzes upstream firms' collusive sustainability when downstream firms adopt the relative-performance delegation in an infinitely repeated Cournot or Bertrand game. We find that relative-performance delegation makes managers act more aggressive and upstream collusion more difficult to sustain compared to sales-revenue delegation. The driving force is that downstream relative-performance delegation makes more profits for the deviated firm. This result holds regardless of the competition modes.


The image of a sensitive hero in «The Letters of a Russian Traveller» by Karamzin is considered in the light of the concept of sentimental melancholy. The analysis of the hero's attitude to the phenomenon of melancholy is given. Some peculiarities of comprehension of the aesthetic phenomenon of melancholy in Karamzin's work are shown.


Based on the preliminary parting materials in the natural environment such as the red attachments on the pool side and in the public bathroom,air,orchard soil,auto repair shop soil,laozaoping and grape juice,carotenoids of these strains were extracted using acid heat broken method.A strain of high carotenoids yields Rhodotorula sp.named R3-2 was screened according to the carotenoid production in the fermentation broth per unit volume.The features of its patterns,physiological and biochemical characteristics,the optimal carbon source and nitrogen,the cell biomass,carotenoids content and yield were further studied in this paper.The results suggested that the pigment production of R3-2 strain was mainly β-carotene.Its optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: glucose 30 g/L,tryptone 10 g/L,yeast extract 5 g/L,medium 30 mL(in 250 mL flask),initial pH 6.5 and culture time 96 h at 28 ℃.Although the cell biomass was 17.6 g/L which was a little lower,carotenoids content and yield could respectively reach 639.8 μg/g and 11.3 mg/L,which were respectively increased by 44.0% and 31.39% in contrast with those of the original medium.


Sterically hindered (imino)pyridine 2-{(2,6-Me2-C6H3)NC(i-Pr)}C5H4N (1) was synthesized via addition of isolated imidoyl chloride to an in situ lithiated pyridine. Room temperature 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy reveals two rapidly equilibrating isomers in solution. Interconversion of these two isomers was verified by 2D-EXSY NMR spectroscopy. Calculations at the B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory reveal four relevant isomers, with two atropisomers of E geometry (1-EA and 1-EB) and two atropisomers of Z geometry (1-ZA and 1-ZB). A simple carbon–carbon bond rotation to alter the orientation of the isopropyl group provides a fifth, related conformer, 1-ZB′, that is the most stable species at the MP2 level. The transition states for E/Z isomerization and the isomerization pathways between atropisomers have been characterized. Comparison of experimental and ab initio NMR chemical shifts in combination with NOE analysis suggests that isomers 1-EB and 1-ZB/1-ZB′ are the dominant species in our solution phase NMR studies. Our understanding of the isomerization behavior of 1 will help inform the future design of readily complexed, sterically hindered mono(imine) and bis(imine) ligands.


Abstract : The following is a report on our study to identify the metabolites of artelinic, an artemisinin (qinghaosu) derivative being developed for uncomplicated malaria. Identification of the metabolites of artelinic acid and other artemisinin analogues has been problematic because of the unavailability of standards of the putative metabolites. The following report presents our attempts to prepare the putative metabolites of artelinic acd by reacting artelinic acid with chemical systems that may simulate the activity of the cytochrome P-450 system. Standards of possible metabolites of artelinic acid were produced by the reaction of artelinic acid with complexes of iron(II) and manganese(II) that may simulate cytochrome P-450 catalysed metabolism of xenobiotics. The standards were used to identify metabolites formed on incubation of artelinic acid with human liver microsomes. The metabolism of artelinic acid by human liver microsomes involved isomerization/rearrangement involving the endoperoxide group, C-hydroxylation and debenzylation to dihydroqinghaosu (DQHS), an important active metabolite. Debenzylation of artelinic acid to DQHS is mediated by CYP3A4.


Latex nanoparticles from acrylic monomers (made from olive and soybean oil which are significantly different in terms of fatty acid unsaturation amount) were synthesized using miniemulsion copolymerization with styrene and methyl methacrylate. Presence of plant oil-based fragments impacts thermomechanical properties of latex films by decreasing glass transition temperature and creating a plasticizing effect. The thermomechanical properties of resulting latex nanoparticles depend considerably on the amount of incorporated oil-derived fragments. As a result, biobased ingredients make latex copolymers more flexible, improve material film forming properties, and provide flexibility and toughness when compared to the normally rigid polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). In addition, plant oil-based fragments enhance hydrophobicity of the crosslinked latex films and can be considered as additives to reduce water sensitivity of the polymer network.


An experiment was conducted to assess the quality parameter such as colour of dried dutch rose flowers in the laboratory of RHREC, COH Bangalore Karnataka, during the year of 2014-15. The treatment comprised of four dutch varieties, V 1 – TajMahal, V 2 Gold Strike, V 3 – Noblesse, V 4 – Avalanche and two drying methodsD 1 Air drying, D 2 Hot air-oven, were replicated thrice in two factorial completely randomized design. The results from the findings indicated that, among the drying methods var. Taj Mahal of hot air oven drying recorded maximum score for color (22.20),(22.10) and (22.00) at zero days, 30 days and 60 days after storage. Among different drying methods significant lightness (67.83%), (61.47) and (61.28) was recorded highly under hot air oven drying at zero days, 30 days and 60 days after storage. With respect to the chroma (saturation) maximum was in var. Gold Strike (54.72), (46.73) and (41.95) and with respect to the hue angle minimum was recorded in var. Taj Mahal and was nearer to the original red colour (2.00°), (2.65°) and (3.52°) respectively at zero days, 30 days and 60 days after storage.


Abstract The submicron atmospheric aerosol carries short-lived, reactive chemical species, including hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides, at concentrations as high as 1 mM in the associated water. This conclusion is based on equilibrium calculations and (limited) experimental data. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxymethylhydroperoxide (HOCH2OOH) are especially likely to be found in the aqueous component of the atmospheric aerosol because of their very high Henry's law constants. Aerosol phase concentrations of hydrogen peroxide fall within a range in which significant biochemical effects have been observed when respiratory tract epithelial cells are treated with hydrogen peroxide solutions. This may help to explain the results of epidemiological studies that have shown that adverse health effects are associated with fine aerosols and/or sulfates. The submicron sulfate-containing aerosol is itself frequently a product of chemical reactions involving hydrogen peroxide, and hence a surrogate for the peroxide ...


A fundamental question in systems neuroscience is how spontaneous activity at rest is reorganized during task performance. Recent studies suggest a strong relationship between resting and task FC. Furthermore, the relationship between resting and task FC has been shown to reflect individual differences. Particularly, various studies have demonstrated that the FC has higher reliability and provides enhanced detection of individual differences while viewing natural scenes. Although the large-scale organization of FC during rest and movie-viewing conditions have been well studied in relation to individual variations, the re-organization of FC during viewing natural scenes have not been studied in depth. In this study, we used principal component analysis on FC during rest and movie-viewing condition to characterize the dimensionality of FC patterns across conditions and subjects. We found that the variations in FC patterns related to viewing natural scenes can be explained by a single component, which enables identification of the task over subjects with 100% accuracy. We showed that the FC mode associated to viewing natural scenes better reflects individual variations. Furthermore, we investigated the signatures of movie-viewing-specific functional modes in dynamic FC based on phase-locking values between brain regions. We found that the movie-specific functional mode is persistent across time; suggesting the emergence of a stable processing mode. To explain the reorganization of whole-brain FC through the changes in local dynamics, we appeal to a large-scale computational model. This modelling suggested that the reorganization of whole-brain FC is associated to the interaction between frontal-parietal and frontal-temporal activation patterns.


In a study of 25 cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee assessed clinically, and radiologically and treated by different modalities, it was observed that it commonly occurred in males (24) and involved the medial femoral condyle in all cases. Operative treatment was considered when the fragment appeared loose, separated or involved the weight bearing surface of the femur. Fixation of the fragment with an AO cancellous screw was considered to yield best results.


A steel plate plated Al comprising: a steel plate; a plating layer of Al which is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the steel sheet and containing at least 85% or more of Al in mass percent, 3 to 15% silicon and optionally iron; and surface coating layer which is laminated on the surface of the plating layer of Al and containing ZnO, one or more compounds of enhancing the lubricity, and an organic binder, wherein the compound enhancing the lubricity is a compound that includes one or more elements of transition metals selected from Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zr, the compound is nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate, titanium fluoride, zirconium nitrate or copper sulphate, the amount of compound enhancement of lubricity which includes the element transition metal of the surface coating layer is between 1% and 40% with respect to the total amount of ZnO in mass ratio, and the surface coating layer contains between 0 , 3 g / m2 to 7 g / m2 in terms of ZnO Zn.


Abstract. Spesific location of fertilization or in situ rate of fertilization is a dynamic application and management method that is dynamically adapted to the need of plant according to location and season shown by soil chemistry properties and aims to increase farmer profit. This greenhouse experiment aims to evaluate the dose of NPK fertilizer base of NPK in situ of soil chemistry of tidal swamp combined with cow manure. This pot experiments were done in greenhouse of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir of south Sumatra. , This pot experiment was conducted from June up to October 2019. This experiment used factorial completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is NPK fertilizer rate consisting of two levels which were Urea 200 kg ha -1 , SP-36 100 kg ha -1 , KCl 100 kg ha -1 from recommended fertilizer, and Urea 102 kg ha -1 , 0 kg/ha SP-36 and KCl 66 kg ha -1 fertilization coming from the in situ soil analysis. The second factors is dosage of cow manure consisting of four levels which were 2 1 , 6 , 8 , and 10 tons ha -1 respectively . The result showed that NPK recommended combined with cow manure at 10 ton ha -1 is the best treatment for rice production in tidal lowland and produced rice with value of 2.5 ton ha -1 , however this result was not significant compared to NPK spesific location combined with the rate of cow manure at the same dosage.


In India, the prevalence of mental disorders is in increasing over the year, at the same time the mental healthcare professionals shortage also in the rising trend. Smart technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) play an important role in filling this Mental Health delivery gap. In this paper let us know about how the chatbot is one such technology used in mental healthcare delivery. Interestingly, chatbots are initially used mainly to deliver the mental health services such as psychotherapy, later is used in other industries also. The reviews show that Chatbots are widely used to manage anxiety, depression, stress and also to provide psychoeducation. However, it has its own limitation such as, it cannot think like a human with wisdom and empathy; and also the confidentiality of the data is very much serious concern. At the same time, these Chatbots will become an integral part of our lives in the coming years. And we need Chatbots that match our culture. In order, to benefit from this technological advancement, we should have a regulatory and assessment process in place.


Batch fermentation of a newly characterized Bacillus strain, Bacillus sp. Ti3, was investigated for PHA accumulation. Time course study revealed growth associated PHA production, with maximum PHA yield 0.6 ± 0.02 g/L and 44.1 ± 0.9 % PHA accumulation coinciding with the maximum biomass stage of 24 h followed by a time dependent decline due to onset of sporulation. pH 7 supported maximum PHA yield of 0.86 ± 0.01g/L and PHA accumulation of 48.0 ± 0.72 %. Biomass of 2.1 ± 0.1 g/L and 0.92 ± 0.07 g/L PHA yield was obtained with 4% (v/v) inoculum. Glucose supplemented with casein hydrolysate gave the highest biomass 1.85 ± 0.02 g/L, PHA yield 0.96 ± 0.02 g/L and 51.6 ± 0.5 % PHA accumulation. Fermentation kinetic parameters of the Bacillus sp. Ti3 grown in batch cultures with optimized culture conditions accounted for 1.7 and 1.2 fold increase in PHA yield (0.57g/L to 0.96g/L) and PHA accumulation (44.1% to 51.6%). FTIR analysis of the polymer revealed that the strain was a potent polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer. A relatively high yield of polyhydroxybutyrate within 24h, independent of nutrient limitation and precursors in a single growth phase makes this strain a promising option for industrial PHA production.


ObjectiveTo develop an assay for the quantitative determination of hyodeoxycholic in Changan Oral Liquid.MethodsTLC was selected to determine the content.ResultsThe linearity was obtained over the range of 3.50~(12.25mg)(r=(0.998 9)).The average recovery was 103.2%,and RSD was 3.0%.ConclusionThe results showed that this method is sensitive,simple,sepecific and accurate for the determination of hyodeoxycholic in Changan Oral Liquid.


A video analysis method for monitoring sediment transport and sorting processes in a laboratory flume is presented. Video taken through the glass side-wall of a laboratory flume is captured using a digital CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and significant movements between individual frames are detected using image analysis. This method involves direct subtraction of the brightness numbers of pixels in sequential video frames, followed by thresholding to produce binarized images of significant change, above the inherent level of system noise. Experimental results showing dilation of a gravel framework and rapid infiltration of fines just prior to entrainment are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A temporal semantics for a subset of LOTOS, a ]anguage developed for the formaI description of communication protoco]s, is presented. The semantics 1S given using a compositional approach by which it is possible to associate temporai logic fonnulas to each language construct The considered subset covers the main characteristics of LOTOS for what concems the concurrent aspects; the extension to LOTOS is discussed.


Based on the technique for numerical extraction of equivalent circuits, a substrate resistor network model is proposed in the paper. Having clear physical meaning and good accuracy, the model facilitates simulation of the substrate coupling effect for mixedsignal IC's.The model is used for the resistor extraction of regular and irregular regions.The resistor network is simulated using Hspice circuit simulator and the results are compared with those from simulation using Medici device simulator and analytic equations, thereby the accuracy of the model is analyzed.


Domestic waste is gradually becoming one of the sources of severe environmental pollution. Phan Dinh Phung ward is one of the central wards of Thai Nguyen city, with a dense population, so the amount of domestic waste in the ward is large. This study was conducted to assess the current status of domestic waste classification at the source to have a basis for proposing practical solutions to improve the efficiency of domestic waste management in Phan Dinh Phung ward. The methods used in this study include document analysis and synthesis, sociological investigation, and data processing. Research results show that: Phan Dinh Phung ward (Thai Nguyen city) has been classifying domestic waste at sources since 2018. Currently, 100% of households and business households in the ward do this. Segregation of domestic waste at sources; 98.7% of households put garbage in the right place; 89% of households know how to sort garbage; 57% of households carry out the classification of household waste. The proportion of households doing the correct classification is 45%. However, the number of households using garbage sorting tools distributed for the proper purposes and dumping the garbage on time is still low. For the waste separation at the source in Phan Dinh Phung ward to be more effective and to attract the participation of the people, it is necessary to perform synchronously from waste classification at the source to the collection. Transportation and treatment in the following directions: Sorting at the right source, collecting correctly, treating effectively, and conducting propaganda more often to the people.


This paper proposes a 60GHz quadrature PLL frequency synthesizer that has a tuning range capable of covering the whole band specified by the IEEE802.15.3c with exceptional phase noise. The synthesizer is constructed using a 20GHz PLL that is coupled with a frequency tripler to generate the 60GHz signal. The 20GHz PLL generates a signal with a phase noise as low as −106dBc/Hz using tail feedback to improve the phase noise. The proposed 60GHz ILO uses a combination of parallel and tail injection to enhance the locking range by reducing the Injection Locked Oscillator (ILO) current at the moment of injection. Both the 20GHz PLL and the ILO were fabricated using a 65nm CMOS process and measurement results show a phase noise of −96dBc/Hz at 60GHz while consuming 77.5mW from a 1.2V supply. To to author's knowledge this phase noise is about 20dB better then recently reported QPLL and about 10dB compared to düTerential PLL operating at similar frequency.


Equation of state with quantum statistics corrections is derived for a multi-component gas of particles interacting through the repulsive and attractive van der Waals (vdW) forces up to first few orders over a small parameter $\delta \approx \hbar^3 n(mT)^{-3/2}[g(1- bn)]^{-1}$, where $n$ and $T$ are the particle number density and temperature, $m$ and $g$ the particle mass and degeneracy factor. The parameter $b$ corresponds to the vdW excluded volume. For interacting system of Fermi nucleon and Bose $\alpha$ particles, a small impurity of $\alpha$ particles to the nucleon system at leading first order in both $\alpha $ particle and nucleon small parameters $\delta $ does not change much the basic results for the symmetric nuclear matter. Quantum statistics corrections lead to a dramatic behavior of fluctuations of particle number $\omega$ near the critical temperature and particle density in the case of symmetric nuclear matter. The isothermal in-compressibility $\mathcal{K}(n,T)$ which determines these fluctuations $\omega$ can be well approximated by the main first non-zero terms in its expansion as function of the both $n$ and $T$ variables in a small vicinity of the critical point. Our approximate analytical results appear to be in good agreement with the accurate numerical calculations.


Abstract:Despite its advocacy for tenant farmers, laborers, Okies, and other poor migrants across the United States, John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath seemingly ignores the Black Americans among them and effectively erases the history of African Americans even as it elevates Route 66 and the overlooked and forgotten trials and tribulations of White, rural, faming families who lived along it. This article surveys the state of scholarship on Steinbeck's relation to racism and racial issues, and sets the novel's depiction of African Americans in historical and well as critical contexts. In its bulk, the article examines one crucial historical fact that Steinbeck omits from his epic tale of the Joad family emigrating from Oklahoma: the many all-Black towns situated along Route 66 and its "tributary side roads" featured in the novel. Ultimately, readers of Steinbeck learn about the contexts that Steinbeck ignores but that nonetheless provide an opportunity to highlight with the fame he's brought to the so-called "Mother Road."


The entrance channel optical potentials for ({alpha},2{alpha}) reactions are calculated using single folding models. These are found to be much different from the conventional entrance channel potentials and use of these folded entrance channel optical potentials significantly change the absolute cross sections. Small reductions in the entrance channel potentials are found to increase the peak to dip cross section ratios drastically for the knockout of {alpha}-clusters bound in the l=1 state.


Molecules of the title compound, C11H9ClN2O, are linked into sheets by a combination of one C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and one C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bond.


Abstract The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) seeks to identify robust and reproducible pro-longevity interventions affecting a genetically diverse panel of representative Caenorhabditis strains from each of 3 species – C. elegans, C. briggsae, and C. tropicalis. The CITP test strains represent genetic diversity on the order of mouse to human. Anchoring principles of the CITP are that efficacious interventions that target fundamental and conserved biology will hold strong potential for translation to higher organism benefit and that such interventions can be rapidly identified using Caenorhabditis models. The CITP is creating multi-species "at risk" test sets, in which components of aging hallmarks (such as proteostasis, stress response circuits) are genetically compromised in diverse genetic backgrounds. Such genetic test sets might expand understanding of intervention action and help rank compounds for translational testing. Toward this end, we used CRISPR to generate deletion mutants of arsenite-inducible protein (C. elegans aip-1, human AIRAP/ARAPL) in which proteostasis and oxidative stress responses are compromised across phyla. All aip-1 mutants are short lived compared to their control wild type strains, highlighting the essential role of proteostasis in maintaining healthy aging. Our previous studies identified metabolic modulator Metformin and anti-amyloid Thioflavin T as effective pro-longevity, pro-healthspan interventions in multiple CITP test strains. We find that Metformin and Thioflavin T impact the aip-1 deletion strains similarly to WT variants. Together, our results demonstrate that Metformin and Thioflavin-T can positively impact lifespan in diverse genetic backgrounds in which proteostasis is compromised, suggesting wide-ranging health benefits of these potent pro-longevity compounds.


The temperature dependence of 55 Mn NMR frequency has been studied in dilute Ni Mn alloy from 4.2 to 520 K by the spin echo method. The 55 Mn NMR signal associated with the parallel moment to the host consists of three parts: Mn 0 , Mn 1 and Mn 2 atoms that have 0, 1 and 2 Mn atoms in their nearest neigh-bours, respectively. The temperature dependence of respective NMR frequencies v ( T ) is described by a common function Δ v ( T )/ v (0)=0.58 ×( T / T Ci ) 2.39 , which indicates that each moment behaves as if it has different Curie temperature T Ci depending on the different environment irrespectively of the Mn concentration in dilute Mn system. T Ci 's of Mn 0 and Mn 1 atoms are determined as 610 and 570 K, respectively. v ( T ) of 55 Mn in Fe Mn 1.5% and Co Mn 3% alloys are also described by this function, where T Ci of Mn 0 atoms in Fe Mn 1.5% and Co Mn 3% alloys are 505 and 525 K, respectively. The ratios of the effective exchange interaction parameters are inferred directly from these values of T Ci .


1. Setting the Scene Introduction Overview of NGO CM campaigns Scope, approach and objectives Structure of the book 2. Background What are NGOs and why do they exist? Why do NGOs target companies? A taxonomy of different campaign behaviours The capital market as a campaign target Is NGO capital-market campaigning legitimate Chapter summary 3. NGO Capital Market Campaign Strategy Introduction A typology of capital-market campaigning The source of Economic Influence How NGOs shape Economic Influence The source of Investor Advocacy Influence How NGOs shape Investor Advocacy Influence Which capital market campaign strategies raise the most significant risks? Checks and balances on capital-market campaigning Chapter summary 4. The History of Capital-market campaigns Introduction Have the number of capital-market campaigns increased? Have NGOs explored a range of strategies? Has NGO strategy evolved over time? Does the relative success improve over time? Initial lessons for companies and investors Chapter summary 5. Case Studies Introduction The Ethics for the Universities Superannuation Scheme Campaign WWF-UK's Arctic Refuge Campaign against BP plc 'Capital Punishment': Friends of the Earth's campaign against Norwich Union "Cut the Cost": Oxfam's campaign against GlaxoSmithKline plc 6. Analysis and Questions Introduction Is NGO capital-market campaigning effective and efficient? Other findings Lessons for companies and investors 7. Conclusion Appendix 1: The NGO CM Intervention Chronology Appendix 2: The Collevecchio Declaration Appendix 3: The "Equator Principles"


In this article, we propose an extension of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution to model the more realistic situations where the fatigue failure time of a material is due to the growth of multiple cracks. Properties of the proposed extended Birnbaum-Saunders (EBS) distribution are discussed; hazard function and the change point of the hazard function of this EBS distribution are derived. Maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters as well as the hazard functions for two special cases of the new EBS distribution are also obtained. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to assess the performance of the EBS distribution parameters.


In this paper, an iteration algorithm of global adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is developed to tackle the optimization motion planning problem of nonholonomic nonlinear systems. The motion planning optimal control problem of nonholonomic systems can be redesign as dynamic problem which is to search a control input for making the system from an initial state to a terminal state, when the terminal state constraints are specified and the performance criteria is related to the control energy. The proposed algorithm is to find a feasible control input satisfying nonholonomic constraints and the necessary optimality conditions. First, this paper converts the motion planning problem into the problem of finding the solution of Hamilton-Jaccobi-Bellman - (HJB) equation. The scheme contains of redesigning the problem of solving the HJB as an optimization problem, which is solved via the proposed method. This method can reduce huge computation and solve non-intergrable problems caused by nonholonomic constraints. And, the control strategy is globally stabilizing for the nonholonomic nonlinear systems. Based on the current ADP theory, an online learning policy is devised to implement the novel iteration algorithm. Finally, the novel algorithm of ADP is applied to wheeled mobile robot. The numerical simulation results can clearly validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The article deals with a problem of three-dimensional crystal lattice reconstruction, which is an important stage in the X-ray structural analysis. The accuracy of parametric and structural identification of crystals directly depends on the quality of crystal lattice reconstruction. The proposed algorithm of reconstruction of a three-dimensional crystal lattice is based on minimizing the distances from each node to a line projected onto a specified plane. Three sets of two-dimensional node coordinates, obtained from three two-dimensional projections, are used as input data. We performed an analytical calculation of the reconstruction error, allowing the total reconstruction accuracy to be estimated. The results of computational experiments confirmed the high quality of the proposed reconstruction algorithms and its stability against the distortion of node coordinates. In addition, we revealed a problem of lattice system separability, with the identification accuracy for monoclinic, rhombic and tetragonal systems found to be 34%, 53% and 10%, respectively.


The last few years have seen an explosive growth in the use of the Internet. In addition to email and browsing the worldwide web, it is now used for interactive videoconferencing, information distribution, audio and video streaming, and real time applications. Satellites have significant potential to support these applications at a large scale by using IP multicast, and satellites with on-board processing and switching are currently being developed to carry IP-based traffic. In this context the characteristics of IP multicast in networks that include satellite links are of significant interest. This thesis begins by describing the principles of multicast routing protocols and reliable multicast protocols, and illustrates how the introduction of a satellite link into a network results in a number of aspects where the behaviour of multicast protocols differs from that in a terrestrial network. Satellite communication links also have a number of disadvantages compared to terrestrial communications networks (including high round-trip delay times and significant error characteristics), and this thesis focuses on one of these areas, namely error performance, and considers error correction mechanisms in the context of multicast protocols. On a satellite link, errors tend to occur in bursts due to the Viterbi decoding normally employed in satellite modems. In the case of satellites that use ATM, this error characteristic is significantly different from the random single bit errors that occur in the fibre optic links for which ATM was originally designed. A theoretical model is developed in this thesis for the unicast and multicast error performance of IP over a satellite ATM link. The network simulation tool Opnet is then used to develop a multicast model which includes a burst error model of satellite link behaviour. Results obtained from the simulation of the error performance of the satellite link show excellent agreement with the theoretical model. The thesis goes on to describe the development of a simulation of a reliable multicast protocol based on one named protocol, PGM, which is currently an Internet draft document. This protocol supports two modes of error correction: one (" Selective Nack ") is a continuous RQ selective repeat protocol, the other (" Parity Nack ") is a hybrid ARQ code that encodes repair data based on groups of packets. A file transfer application is also developed in Opnet as an example of multicast information distribution, and results obtained for a typical multicast scenario. The behaviour of the two error correction …


The so-called 3S technology, including remote sensing technology, geographic information system, global positioning system, can be used to collect vast amounts of data for the city. The urban planners can access to knowledge from the cluster data by using cluster analysis in data mining. This paper presents an improved DBSCAN clustering analysis algorithm, E-DBSCAN, which is then applied to the urban planning in the New Town of Yuetang in Xiangtan city and provides aid for the planners.


This paper provides a novel approach for enabling grid users to perform resource federation using intelligent agent negotiation. The features of agent included autonomous and distributed are designed to address the federation problems in grid, such as resource selection and policy reconciliation. Early work of resource federation is still highly depending on resource administrator (a person who manages the resources for corresponding institute). Automated agent negotiation in grid is presented to maximize the satisfaction level of federation outcome for involving parties. Meanwhile, a new conflict resolution technique – creative negotiation, is introduced in solving communication problems during negotiation. According to the experimental result, creative negotiation is successfully dedicated to resource federation and addresses the issue when negotiated parties are unable to make further a concession in conflicts.


We present ultra-smooth silicon nitride waveguides fabricated by the photonic Damascene process extended with a novel reflow step. This leads to record Q-factors for tightly confining waveguides with anomalous dispersion.


This paper presents precipitation data from three cities in the Serrana region of Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Petropolis and Teresopolis, during the period 1971-2010. Monthly and annual averages, total precipitation for each year, and maximum values of annual rainfall were calculated in order to identify the months and years with high levels of precipitation in the area and to analyze the interannual variability of precipitation. It was observed that the three most important cities in the Rio de Janeiro Serrana Region presented intense rainfall associated with the action of Atlantic Convergence South Zone, which has resulted in natural disasters. However, we can not conclude that there is a continuing trend of such events.


Revealing the corresponding identities of the same individual in different systems is a common task in various areas, e.g., criminals inter-network tracking, homologous proteins revealing, ancient words translating, and so on. With the reason that, recently, more and more complex systems are described by networks, this task can also be accomplished by solving a node matching problem among these networks. Revealing one-to-one matching between networks is for sure the best if we can, however, when the target networks are highly symmetric, or an individual has different identities (corresponds to several nodes) in the same network, the exact one-to-one node matching algorithms always lose their effects to obtain acceptable results. In such situations, one-to-many (or many-to-many) node matching algorithms may be more useful. In this paper, we propose two one-to-many node matching algorithms based on local mapping and ensembling, respectively. Although such algorithms may not tell us the exact correspondence of the identities in different systems, they can indeed help us to narrow down the inter-network searching range, and thus are of significance in practical applications. These results have been verified by the matching experiments on pairwise artificial networks and real-world networks.


Abstract. Since 1965, male labor force participation rates have decreased.  Nick Eberstadt illustrates the magnitude of the decrease, proposes mostly supply-side explanations, and extends a research agenda into this vital policy issue. Keywords. Unemployment; Employment; American economy; American social structure. JEL. B10, L66, Q18.


This is a sketch of an ethical system designed to please those who ask for no more than mild constraints on the principle of utility. The system does not grant absolute rights, or the sort of constraints which enshrine absolute respect for persons, freedom, equality, or autonomy. Instead, it speaks to those consequentialist moralists for whom the need for such constraints arises only when their absence is capable of producing monstrous results: those which are not merely unfair, but which involve great misery, so that the few suffer horribly for slight benefit to the many. (Such moralists are unconcerned, for example, about great inequalities among very rich and happy people.) So far, no modification of the principle of utility itself has dealt successfully with all such cases, partly because it seems arbitrary to pick some point past which people's utility should not be lowered for small benefit to others.


This paper proposes the CPW-fed spiral resonators with Hilbert slot configuration in defect ground structure (DGS) for a bandpass filter (BPF). For comparison, three CPW-fed spiral filters are fabricated and measured. To obtain low insertion loss (–0.81dB/–0.87dB), high out-of-band rejection level (–38.22dB/–42.74dB) and wider bandwidth (22.8%/36.3%) of 2.4/5.8GHz frequency responses, the CPW-fed slot spiral resonators with cross line are applied for WLAN dual-band systems. The design procedure for dual-band filter is presented. The proposed filter is successfully simulated and measured to obtain the agreeable frequency responses.


Since reform and opening up,the service trade of tourism has been developing rapidly,immigration and tourism have been expanding,which has become one of key developing industries in Anhui Province.At the same time,Anhui tourism trade also exists some constraints.Demonstrated by the latest data on international tourism trade development in Anhui Province,and proposed countermeasures based on fields of government、industy and enterprise to promote the development of Anhui tourism trade.


Propionibacterium acneshas a welldocumented affinity for the crystalline lens and lens capsule. We recently treated a patient who developed a lens abscess with an inflammatory iris nodule 6 months after a penetrating ocular injury. Report of a Case. —A 29-year-old white man suffered a penetrating injury to his left eye with a fishhook. On examination, the patient was noted to have a full-thickness corneal laceration. A small laceration of the anterior lens capsule was also noted. The corneal laceration was repaired and subconjunctival injections of cefazolin sodium and gentamicin sulfate were administered. Cultures of the aqueous for aerobic bacteria and fungi revealed no growth. The postoperative course was uneventful. Six months later, the patient noted the onset of redness and pain in his left eye. A small hypopyon was present. He was treated for presumed phacoantigenic uveitis with 1% prednisolone acetate eyedrops and a mydriatic every hour. The hypopyon


The Existential ways and conditions of people in different age reflect the characteristics of times.Modernity as the overall features of modern society displays the same living conditions and situations.Technical rational criticism in terms of the survival crisis is undoubtedly the root causes.This fully demonstrates the Symbiotic to modernity.In other words,all kinds of modern dilemma of human existence have a direct correlation with modern technology rational criticism.In a sense,technology rational criticism has been widely infiltrated into highly developed industrialized,capitalist system,cultural dimensions,and so on.From the domain of the Existentialism to examine and torture,all various crises in today are the inevitable results caused by the dominant factors in modernity,in the title of the technology rational criticism which has been praised highly.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and bacterial efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam(Sulperazone) on severe nosocomial lower respiratory infections. METHODS The clinical materials in the treatment of severe nosocomical lower respiratory infections from Mar 2002 to Mar 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The overall clinical efficacy rate of Sulperazone was 83.9%,the bacterial eradication rate was 92.%,The sensitivity rate to Sulperazone was 88.2%.There was no adverse reaction in the observation. CONCLUSIONS Sulperazone is effective and safe in the treatment of severe nosocomial lower respiratory infection.


A token reinforcement programme was set up to increase verbal participation in a weekly quiz for a ward of 38 male long term psychiatric patients. Response rates were measured and it was found that the amount of participation increased markedly when reinforced but returned to the original low level when reinforcement was discontinued. The study demonstrates that a token reinforcement procedure is effective in increasing the patients& verbal participation in a social activity.


Epigastric impedance was used to measure the gastric emptying patterns of a liquid non‐caloric meal (5 mL water kg−1) in 30 healthy newborn infants. Twenty‐six mature infants were examined in the first eight days of life, and four preterm infants were examined within 6 weeks after birth. The recordings consisted of two components: the emptying signal (the DC component), and a phasic 3 cycles per minutes (CPM) signal (the AC component). In some of the infants the phasic 3 CPM signal was also seen during the fasting state.


A novel porphyrin bearing four pyrenyl groups at the meso-positions is synthesized.The third-order nonlinear optical properties of it were investigated by Z-scan technique with 20 ps pulse width at 1064 nm in CHCl3 solution,showing enhanced nonlinear optical absorption effects compared with the porphyrin and pyrene monomers.


| Inappropriate weaning practices in infancy can lead to malnutrition that may have long-lasting impacts on health of the child. The objective of this study was to find out association of malnutrition in infants with the age at which weaning was started. This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department of DHQ Hospital, Chakwal, Pakistan from January 2020 to February 2020. All infants that presented to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 were included in the study after obtaining informed consent from their accompanying parent or guardian. Infants who were premature or had any congenital disease were excluded from the study. Information about the weaning practices of the infants was obtained from the consenting parent or guardian of each respective infant and recorded in the questionnaire. Weight and height of each infant was measured in kilograms and cm, respectively, and recorded. Data was entered in SPSS version 26 and analyzed for results. A total of 200 infants were included in the study, of which 94 (47%) of infants were less than 6 months old, and 106 (53%) were 6-12 months old. 102 infants (51%) were male and 98 (49%) were female. 113 (56.5%) infants under study were started weaning at less than 6 months of age of which 58 (51.3%) were found to be underweight for their age and 29 (25.7%) were shorter than the 50 th percentile for their age. Of the87(43.5%) infants that were started weaning at 6 months of age or later, 52 (59.8%) were underweight for their age and 23 (26.4%) were shorter than the 50 th percentile for their age. This study concludes that children in which weaning is started before 6 months of age are less likely to be underweight or shorter than the 50 th percentile of height for their age, and therefore less likely to be malnourished, than infants in whom weaning is started at 6 months of age or later. Novelty Statement | This study not only reflects upon the status of nutrition among infants in the lesser developed districts of Pakistan but also analyzes the pros and cons of adherence to WHO guidelines regarding infant nutrition in this part of the world.


Introduction Roderick MacFarquhar 1. The establishment and consolidation of the new regime, 1949-57 Frederick C. Teiwes 2. The Great Leap Forward and the split in the Yan'an leadership, 1958-65 Kenneth Lieberthal 3. The Chinese state in crisis, 1966-69 Harry Harding 4. The succession to Mao and the end of Maoism, 1969-82 Roderick MacFarquhar 5. The road to Tiananmen: Chinese politics in the 1980s Richard Baum 6. Reaction, resurgence, and succession: Chinese politics since Tiananmen Joseph Fewsmith.


Abstract: This study aims to assess the hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the Kakarveni river basin in Vikarabad district, Telangana, India. Groundwater is a vital natural resource for human, agricultural, and ecological needs. Understanding hydrochemistry and groundwater quality is essential for identifying potential contaminants for selecting water treatment and agricultural management practices. The study will analyse hydro-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and major ions, and collect water samples from different locations to assess permeability index, Kelly's index, magnesium hazard, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, or Eaton's index. The research methodology involves field sampling and laboratory analysis to ensure accurate and reliable results. The study area is about 192 sq. km and includes agricultural fields, forests, and human settlements. The geology and hydrology of the area are crucial for sustainable development and effective water resource management. The study found significant variations in measured parameters between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, with slightly acidic pH levels and higher electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids during the post-monsoon season. The study analyses water samples during the pre-monsoon and postmonsoon periods and compares them with the WHO's drinking water quality standards. The study computes the findings and arrives at the suitability of groundwater for irrigation.


It took an outsider's report to publicise primary care's failings in the 1950s; what will it take this time, asks Veronica Wilkie


where the symbols R1' R2' R3' R4 R5' Ar and Alk have the following meanings: where the symbols R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, Ar and Alkhave the following meanings: R: hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkanoyl or the radi cal Ar; R2: hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl; R3: C1-C6-alkoxy, NH2, C1-C6-alkylamino, C1-C6 dialkylamino, amino substituted by the radical Air, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, the radi cal Ar or the radical ArC-; R4: hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl or the radical Ar; Rs: hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl or the radical Ar; Alk: a straight or branched alkylene group containing 1-9 carbon atoms, which can also be substituted by the radical Ar.


The fabrication and characterization of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with the δ-doped barrier are reported. The incorporation of the SiO 2 insulated-gate and the δ-doped barrier into HFET structures reduces the gate leakage and improves the 2D channel carrier mobility. The device has a high drain-current-driving and gate-control capabilities as well as a very high gate-drain breakdown voltage of 200 V, a cutoff frequency of 15 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 34 GHz for a gate length of 1 μm. These characteristics indicate a great potential of this structure for high-power-microwave applications.


In response to a mandate to develop a more welcoming university for students, especially those of Aboriginal inheritance, we set out on a journey for ways of accommodating cultural differences in our university classrooms. Over the course of a year, we met regularly and audiotaped our conversations. By talking, transcribing, writing, and rewriting, we carried our understandings forth in a recursive manner. In our efforts to represent the ideas that arose in our conversations, the conceptual movements in our thinking, and the insights that evolved, a play took shape. In the play, three characters evolve their understandings over the course of four acts. In this article, we reflect on the conditions that produced the play; we comment on the process of writing the play; and we share the understandings, insights, and transformations that occurred in our desire to live well amidst differences.


Getting more adolescents to participate in live music would increase the vitality and sustainability of venues and popular music culture. We studied 15–18-year-old Finnish adolescents of Generation Z and their live music consumption habits with the help of segmentation. The research questions were: Why and with whom do adolescents attend live music events? What kind of live music events do adolescents go to? and, What kind of knowledge do these typologies provide about adolescents' needs from a broader perspective? Considering that there is a vast number of segmentation studies based on event participation motives, it is peculiar that there are no motivational segmentation studies on adolescent event participants. One of the reasons might be that traditionally youth has been considered as a single homogenous consumer segment. Our results showed that adolescent live music event attendees demonstrated different needs. Four segments were identified: adolescents driven either by content, scene, friendship or social factors.

Article cover photo: Jaana Ahvenainen.


Rhizoctonia solani endornavirus 8 (RsEV8) was isolated from strain XY175 of Rhizoctonia solani. The full-length genome of RsEV8 is 16147 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a single open reading frame that encodes a large polyprotein of 5227 amino acid. The polyprotein contains four conserved daomains including viral methyltransferase, putative DEAH box helicase, Viral helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). RsEV8 has a shorter 3' leader (58 nt) and a longer 5' trailer (404 nt) sequences. A multiple sequence alignment indicated that the RdRp of RsEV8 has eight typical RdRp motifs. According to the BLASTp result of the nucleotide sequence, RsEV8 shares 39.31% identity to Rhizoctonia cerealis endornavirus-1084-7. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that RsEV8 clustered with members of the genus Betaendornavirus.


Major changes in technology, economic contexts, workforces and the institutions of work have ebbed and flowed since well before the first industrial revolution in the 18th century. However, many ar ...


Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orthopaedic soles on the body posture. Methods. Forty-eight runners (21 men and 28 women) maintained a standing-up position on both feet with bare feet with neutral soles and orthopedic soles which contained bilaterally a podiatrist element of 3 mm height behind the metatarsal heads (Metatarsal Retro Capital Bar, MRCB). Stabilometric, plantar pressure and kinematic data in the sagittal plane on both sides were measured at 40 and 60 Hz, respectively. The position of the center of pressure on the anteroposterior axis (YCoP), the forefoot plantar pressure (FPP) and the anteroposterior position of the knee (Yk), the hip (YH), the shoulder (YS) and the ears (YE) with respect to the vertical axis passing through the joint of the ankle were determined for each experimental condition. Findings. The addition of a MRCB orthopedic element induced in backward displacement of CoP, hip, shoulder and ears (p < 0.01). YCoP and FPP changes were significantly correlated with YH, YS and YE changes (p < 0.01). Conclusion. These results suggest that the addition of an orthopedic element located behind the metatarsal heads influences the overall position of the body and can help podiatrist in the care of their patients.


The extensive application of the fuzzy theory has a tremendous impact on contemporary world. Reading instruction consists of three aspects of teaching materials origin Language, teacher output language, and students acceptance language. In these aspects there objectively exists fuzziness. Fuzzy Psychology in reading instruction guides students in grasping the integral characteristics of the reading materials, enables them to have feels for the language, images, feelings, suggestions, and sense of beauty, etc. makes them realize the multiplicity of the implications in the reading materials, and develops their creativity of comprehension. However, attention should be paid to the dialectical unity of fuzziness and accuracy.