Although diabetic neuropathy has long been recognized, there are still many areas of inadequate knowledge and uncertainty. The diagnosis itself presents many pitfalls in view of the absence of any pathognomonic symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings,' as well as the lack of any specific pathological picture? There is, however, one aspect on which there has been general agreement in the literature, namely, the background for the development of diabetic neuropathy. The accepted premise is that the neuropathy follows a prolonged period of poor diabetic control. Among the authorities subscribing to this viewpoint are Jo~ l in ,~ Duncan: RundlesY6 Goodman,6 and Martin.' In reviewing our own series a t the Mount Sinai Hospital I am unable to confirm this opinion, and many factors appear to cast doubt on the importance of control. The inconsistencies relating to neuropathy and diabetic control are manifest in several directions and include the following six points: (1) neuropathy may occur during good control; (2) there may be a simultaneous onset of neuropathy and the symptoms of uncontrolled glycosuria; (3) the neuropathy is unrelated to the duration or severity of the diabetes; (4) neuropathy may be the initial clinical manifestation of diabetes, unattended by symptoms of hyperglycemia and glycosuria; ( 5 ) the paradoxical precipitation of neuropathy following the institution of good control by diet, insulin, or tolbutamide has been observed; and (6) neuropathy may follow stress situations and in these instances, a relatively constant latent period exists. There is not infrequent reference in the literature to the occurrence of neuropathy in this clinical situation. The areflexia, pain, and paresthesia of diabetes commonly occurred in patients with diabetes under thorough control in the series of Woltman and Wilder! Similar observations were made in three cases of neurogenic bladderg and in a series of patients under close supervision, good care, and good control.1° Charcot's joints have been reported in well-controlled diabetes." Other authors alluding to this set of circumstances include Broch and Klovstad,12 Garland and Taverner,13 De Jong,14 and Jordan.l6 The last author stated that, since neuritis commonly occurs more often in the older person with mild diabetes than in the young one with severe diabetes, diabetic neuritis is not the result of hyperglycemia alone, and one must seek a more subtle factor.16 This situation is well documented. The neuritic symptoms dominate the clinical picture, and the diabetic symptoms are elicited usually by a careful, routine history. This sequence of events was reported by Root and Rogers,17 Bailey,'* Epstein,l9 Boeck,20 Broch and Klovstad,12 and Jordan.I6 In our patients with this type of onset, no previous evidence or history of glycosuria could be demonstrated. If poor control is the most important aspect in the pathogenesis of neuropathy, then severe diabetics (as measured by insulin requirement) and those with diabetes of long duration


Abstract Difluoropyruvate was prepared from trifluoroacetic anhydride via 3 steps (Friedel–Crafts type addition, reductive defluorination, and ozonolysis) in 30% yield.


Urban growth and climate change are two interwoven phenomena that are becoming global environmental issues. Using Niger Delta of Nigeria as a case study, this research investigated the historical and future patterns of urban growth using geospatialbased modelling approach. Specific objectives were to: (i) examine the climate change pattern and predict its impact on urban growth modelling; (ii) investigate the historical pattern of urban growth; (iii) embrace some selected parameters from United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and examine their impacts on future urban growth prediction; (iv) verify whether planning has controlled urban land use sprawl in the study area; and (v) propose standard operating procedure for urban sprawl in the area. A MAGICC model, developed by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), was used to predict future precipitation under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios, which was utilized to evaluate the impact of climate change on the study area from 2016 to 2100. Observed precipitation records from 1972 to 2015 were analysed, and 2012 was selected as a water year, based on depth and frequency of rainfall. A relationship model derived using logistic regression from the observed precipitation and river width from Landsat imageries of 2012 was used to project the monthly river width variations over the projected climate change, considering the two emission scenarios. The areas that are prone to flooding were determined based on the projected precipitation anomalies and a suitability map was developed to accommodate the impact of climate change in the projection of future urban growth. Urban landscape changes between 1985 and 2015 were also analysed, which revealed a rapid urban growth in the region. A Cellular Automata/Markov Chain (CA-Markov) model was used to project the year 2030 land cover of the region considering two scenarios; normal projection without any constraint, and using some designed constraints (forest reserves, population and economy) based on some selected UN SDGs criteria and climate change. On validation, overall simulation accuracies of 89.25% and 91.22% were achieved based on scenarios one and two, respectively. The projection using the first scenario resulted to net loss and gains of - 7.37%, 11.84% and 50.88%, while that of second scenario produced net loss and gains of -4.72%, 7.43% and 48.37% in forest, farmland and built-up area between 2015 and 2030, respectively. The difference between the two scenarios showed that the UN SDGs have great influence on the urban growth prediction and strict adherence to the selected UN SDGs criteria can reduce tropical deforestation, and at the same time serve as resilience to climate change in the region.


This study was attempted to describe the gross anatomy of the stomach of Edible Bird's-Nest Swiftlet (Aerodramusfuciphagus). In addition, the comparison was made with the House Swift (Apusnipalensis). These two aerial insectivorous birds from Apodidae family are feed on similar flying insects group. The stomach of seven Aerodramusfuciphagus and six Apusnipalensis were dissected, examined, the weight and length were measured. The stomach of these two species of the birds comprises of proventriculus or pars glandularis, a glandular stomach and ventriculus or pars muscularis, a muscular stomach. The mean weight of the stomach of Aerodramusfuciphagus and Apusnipalensis were 0.39±0.05 and 1.15±0.08 g, respectively, while the mean length of the stomach of Aerodramusfuciphagus and Apusnipalensiswere 2.87±0.41 cm and 2.53±0.19 cm, respectively. The relative weight of Aerodramusfuciphagus stomach (4.82±0.43 g) was higher than the Apusnipalensis (4.30±0.36 g) stomach, but the difference was not significant at P<0.05. Interestingly, the relative length of stomach of Aerodramusfuciphagus (17.88±2.26 mm) was found to be significantly higher than the Apusnipalensis (13.66±0.35 mm) at P<0.05. In conclusion, although the Aerodramusfuciphagus is smaller than the Apusnipalensis and these two insectivorous birds are grouped in the same family and consume similar diet, the stomach of Aerodramusfuciphagus is bigger than the Apusnipalensis relative to body weight.


BACKGROUND
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most common causes of irreversible pathological visual loss. Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a rod that colonizes the gastric mucosa and has strong associations with diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Frequency of H.pylori in patients of POAG has not been reported in Pakistan.
OBJECTIVE
This study is to find out the frequency of H.pylori antibody in the serum of people with established POAG.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey
Place of study: LRBT Free Eye Hospital, Lahore.
Duration: 6 months
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Consecutive sampling was used and informed consent and demographic information of patients was taken from 100 patients. 3ml of venous blood processed through the chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay of the Immulite 2000 Systems Analyzers H.pylori Ig G detection kit. The Quantitative variables such as age were presented as mean and standard deviation while qualitative variables such as gender and H.pylori status (positive or negative) were expressed as frequency and percentage.
RESULTS
Patients' mean age was 50.45 ± 6.16 years. There were 49 (49%) male and 51 (51%) female patients. The mean antibody level of patients was 3.80 ± 2.57 with range of 9.39. The minimum and maximum antibody level were 0.07 and 9.46 respectively. 75 (75%) patients were shown to be positive with H.pylori.
CONCLUSION
The study shows high frequency of H.pylori antibody in patients with Open Angle Glaucoma. Importance of this serious health concern should be investigated and eradicated at all stages of POAG.


Online media has become a huge strategy for the tremendous extent of information, it spread in all occupations, including publicizing, and news-projecting, and that is only the start. This use of change is a direct result of some novel features, for instance, adaptability, free speech, and insight. Thus, a layperson is always subjected to being exposed to illegitimate "news". Hence, the need to explore this phenomenon from the textual and linguistic perspective arose. This paper aims to investigate how "fake news" is generated linguistically and which textual features are employed by the "fake news" to make them look legitimate. The data was extracted from the report "The Indian Chronicles" – which is a source of certified counterfeit news. A systemic functional language approach is applied, where for exploration of textual features; a small corpus of fake news is compiled and tagged and through the software UAM, textual features are extracted and identified. Results have displayed, that fake news operates via centralizing participants: inanimate authority material the most, the strategy of manipulation, persuasion was most recurring, and so was foregrounding of inanimate material authority and lastly application of UAM to apply SFL concludes that the socio-cultural perspective of war and hatred in general, is the cause of this generation of fake news.


The use of robots is widely spread across the industry. It is paramount that the robot end-effector tracks a pre-defined trajectory with the lowest energy loss. To contribute to the solution of this problem, the robot trajectory is defined using a tracking parameter which is optimised using the Matlab® fntinunc function and the Particle Swam optimisation algorithm. This approach was tested for a case study with the energy loss being reduced in approximately 96.15%.


The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality in Lake Muhazi and its tributary rivers, focusing on nutrients. Parameters studied were nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorophyll-a, pH, temperature and transparency. Samples were collected at depths of 0.5m, 2m, 5m from the surface and 1m from the bottom of the Lake at the four sampling stations. Samples were collected using Van Dorn Bottle water sampler, and were preserved and analyzed in the laboratory for TP, TN and chlorophyll-a. The temperature, transparency (Secchi disc), and pH were measured. The results revealed that the levels of nutrient in the Lake are higher. The total nitrogen was 0.85±0.22mg/L, total phosphorus 0.29 ±0.15mg/L, chlorophyll-a 18.1±10.5μg/L, and Secchi disc 0.76±0.07m. The results indicate the Lake is undergoing eutrophic. The study recommends conducting appropriate catchment management interventions to reduce nutrient inflows into the Lake and the development of suitable discharge standards for all Lakeshore activities.


In 2011 some infected tomato plants were noticed in several fields of Nantou and Hualien Counties. Dark brown blotch was observed in the surface of stem. Internally, pith and vascular tissues showed brown discoloration and necrosis symptom. The pathogenicity of the bacteria isolated from necrotic stem tissues was verified by Koch's postulates. The pathogen was further identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava based on physiological and chemical tests, Biolog identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. This is the first report of pith necrosis of tomato caused by P. viridiflava in Taiwan. On screening the agrochemicals, oxolinic acid was the most efficient to inhibit the pathogen growth.


A program to improve social studies reading comprehension among students of English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) was developed in the form of a practicum for use in an exemplary new school in Florida. Participants were five ESOL students, aged 9-11, with widely varying English proficiency, and a group of fifth grade teachers responsible for ESOL instruction. One student was hearing-impaired. Student language skills were assessed with local and standardized tests, and teacher competencies and needs in ESOL instruction were assessed using a questionnaire. A 12-week program of teacher training and student instruction was implemented. Drawing on rekearch in social studies and reading instruction, the project consisted of content instruction using commercial texts, interactive questioning, instruction in reading-study strategies, teacher training in the use of graphics, and increased ESOL teacher planning time. Students were given a social studies reading comprehension pretest. After the 12 weeks, content and visual post-tests were administered and student individualized educational plans were reviewed by teachers. Results showed' substantial increase in student comprehension and use of graphic aids and teachers showed increased understanding of targeted teaching techniques and use of additional joint planning time. Contains 16 references. Substantial project-related materials are appended. (MSE) ********************************************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. AAA*AAA:sAAAAAAA:.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:-AAAAAAA:cAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAkAA CONTENT AREA READING STRATEGIES FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES (CARS FOR ESOL) by Susan Nanna Casbarro A Final Report submitted to the Faculty of the Fischler Center for the Advancement of Education of Nova Southeastern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science The abstract of this report may be placed in the University database system for reference. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY /-\CI) rNe--S\-octv-rc.) TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) May 6, 1996 BEST COPY AVAiLABLF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this I document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the characteristics of the exhibits at three representative science centers or museums in Seoul, and (2) to analyse students' perceptions about the most and the least favorite exhibits selected by students as visitors. Three science centers investigated were Seoul National Science Museum, Seoul Education & Science Research Institute, LG Science Hall. The subjects for students' perception survey were 290 middle school students who visited the three science centers. The investigation of the exhibits showed that the goals, the contents, the visitors' viewing and manipulating activity types, and the explanation types of the exhibits depended on the purposes and the target visitors of each science center. Students' responses indicated that they most favored hands-on exhibit. And students preferred the exhibits that had new and comprehensible contents and the were related to what they had learned in school. Students said that they felt that science was exciting and that they came to experience what they did not do in school. Students said that reading or hearing given explanations was helpful to understand the exhibits, but about 20% of the students responded that they did not read explanation on panels at all. Students also said that guide's oral explanations were more understandable than written explanations on panels. Some of the students commented that having to wait for access because of crowds or because of the resetting time required for hands-on activities was inconvenience.


If Mithra and his cult were in the early centuries rivals of the Christ and Christianity serious and important enough to call forth studies like those of Cumont, Christianity after the attainment of its canon, its supremacy in the Roman world, its orthodoxy, had scarcely a greater and more dangerous rival than Mani and Manichaeanism. It came, like Mithraism, from Persian lands, and like it was of an eclectic syncretism with an appeal to the popular imagination. Though it did not enjoy great honor in its home land, more particularly with the governmental authorities and the exponents of the state religion, it preceded Christianity into the populous and interesting, though to the Western mind unfortunately utterly remote and foreign, regions of Shamanism, Brahmanism, Taoism, and Buddhism, and throughout the Middle Ages remained more than a rival of Christianity there. This significant factor in the religious life of humanity has, of course, been carefully studied for many years, and large and important volumes have been dedicated to its history and to a systematic presentation of its teachings. But with it all there has remained about it much of a problematic nature, much that was mysterious and unintelligible. This was due not to lack of diligence and acumen on the part of authors, many of whom wrote a half-century or more ago, but to the lack of good sourcematerial. Owing to severe governmental repression, accompanied in the end by considerable decrease in popular interest, the scriptures and literatures of the Manichaeans had largely disappeared, and fragments of them and information about them and their adherents were obtainable only from adverse polemical writings. Of late, especially through explorations and excavations in the heart of Asia, a considerable amount of better source-material has been added to our scanty store. But, though Cumont himself devoted considerable " Researches " to the problem, Manichaeanism has not yet found its Cumont. The latest extensive publication on the subject, two volumes by Prosper Alfaric,' is not intended to furnish this full and final study, but rather to prepare the way for it by most necessary preliminary labors. In the very nature of the case, the source-material referred to above, both new and old, was scattered far and wide in many volumes, some of them high in price or out of print, and difficult to obtain at any price. It will, therefore, be most


In our society saving time is important because time is money. For this reason the development of instrumentation able to perform analytical determinations with a high speed is an on-going matter, particularly regarding routine control analyses. In the last few years the possibility of performing gas chromatographic analysis in a very short time has been increasing. In this paper a general overview of fast chromatography and our experience of its application to the analysis of milk fat triacylglycerols is reported.


Theories unifying gravity with other interactions suggest spatial and temporal variation of fundamental ``constants'' in the Universe. A change in the fine structure constant, alpha, could be detected via shifts in the frequencies of atomic transitions in quasar absorption systems. Previous studies of three independent samples of data, containing 143 absorption systems spread from 2 to 10 billion years after big bang, hint that alpha was smaller 7 - 11 billion years ago.
To continue this study we urgently need accurate laboratory measurements of atomic transition frequencies. In this paper, we present a current list of transitions of importance to the search for alpha variation. They are E1 transitions to the ground state in several different atoms and ions, with wavelengths ranging from around 900 - 6000 Angstroms, and require an accuracy of better than 10^(-4) Angstroms. We also discuss isotope shift measurements that are needed in order to resolve systematic effects in the study.
Researchers who are interested in performing these measurements should contact the authors directly.


Abstract X-ray Compton profiles of silicon were measured, using Mo Kα (Λ = 0·709 A) and Ag Kα (0·559 A) along the [100], [110] and [111] directions. After subtracting the 2s 22p 6 Hartree-Fock core contributions in the impulse approximation (1δ2 not excited the Compton profile for the four valence electrons averaged over these three directions agreed with the averaged theoretical profile calculated by Stroud and Ehrenreich (1968) and with the averaged profile determined by Erskine and McGervey (1966) from their positron annihilation angular correlation studies. The small departures from spherical symmetry in the Compton profiles did not agree with the theoretical calculations nor with the positron measurements (which agree with each other) but rather appeared to be similar to the anisotropies in the diamond Compton profile. The disparity between the x-ray and positron work may be due to the local positron shielding of the electron-electron correlation effect.


Urban researchers have long debated the extent to which metropolitan employment is monocentric, polycentric, or diffuse. In this paper I use high-resolution data based on unemployment insurance records to show that employment in US metropolitan areas is not centralized but is spatially concentrated. Unlike residents, who form a continuous surface covering most parts of each metropolitan area, jobs have a bimodal spatial distribution, with most blocks containing no jobs whatsoever and a small number having extremely high employment densities. Across the 100 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas, about 75% of jobs are located on the 6.5% of built land in Census blocks with at least twice as many jobs as people. These relative proportions are extremely consistent across cities, even though they vary greatly in the physical density at which they are constructed. Motivated by these empirical regularities, I introduce an algorithm to identify contiguous business districts and classify them into four major types. Based solely on the relative densities of employment and population, this algorithm is both simpler to implement and more flexible than current approaches, requiring no metro-specific tuning parameters and no assumptions about urban spatial layout.


Crystals of the title compound, [HgI2(C18H14N4O2)]n, were obtained by the reaction of HgI2 and p-phenylene-bis(pyridine-3-carboxamide) in DMF. The asymmetric unit is composed of only half of the formula unit; the mercury atom lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis, and there is an inversion centre at the centre of the benzene ring. Each HgII atom is coordinated by two I atoms and two N atoms from two p-phenylene-bis(pyridine-3-carboxamide) (bpfb) ligands, in a distorted tetrahetral geometry. Bpfb acts as a bifunctional bridging ligand, linking HgII atoms into a one-dimensional chain. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between the O atom and the H atoms of bpfb ligands result in a two-dimensional supramolecular network.


This article is devoted to topical issues of procedural science and practice that arise when exercising the right to protection in civil proceedings. Despite the relatively recent changes made to civil and arbitration procedural legislation, their practical implementation still requires detailed explanations from both the judicial community and science.Certain provisions on the statute of limitations also continue to cause discussions despite their seemingly detailed elaboration.The article includes consideration of such issues as determining the deadlines for filing appeals and cassation complaints in civil cases, namely the procedure for calculating them; grounds for restoring missed deadlines (justification of the validity of the reasons for missing the procedural deadline for individuals and legal entities, the concept of "objective circumstances", procedural reasons, error with the court, errors in the complaint); provisions on the limitation period for certain types of transactions. It should be noted that the act of the highest judicial instance considered in the article also clarified the procedure for appeal, both providing for the stage of appeal, and bypassing its direct appeal to the cassation instance and further to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; the procedure for presenting new evidence in cases where this was previously unreasonably refused; the scope of verification of the judicial act on the complaint (in whole or in part) was determined.


This article describes two systems participating to the TweetLID-2014 competition focused on language detection in tweets. The systems are based on two different strategies: ranked dictionaries and Naive Bayes classifiers. The results show that ranking dictionaries performs better with small training corpora whose language distribution is similar to that of the test dataset, while a Naive Bayes algorithm improves the scores with large models even if the data are unbalanced with regard to the test dataset. The experiments also showed that the models based on word unigrams outperform the use of n-grams of characters. In the final evaluation the Naive Bayes classifier got the first position among the unconstrained systems (trained with external sources) participating in the competition.


Based on a statistical model which successfully describes the data in energy interval to , predictions for multiplicity and rapidity distributions at and are made.


Abstract The solar research program at Oukaimeden Observatory started in 1988 with the helioseimological IRIS network. The Moroccan researchers involved in this research have analyzed solar observations in order to detect and characterize the solar sphere modes of oscillations. In the coming year, the researchers at the Oukaimeden Observatory will add new research capabilities by joining the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI), installing a suite of optical instruments, comprising a Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory of Ionospheric Regions (RENOIR). The scope and objectives to be achieved in this proposed project are to: • deploy a Fabry-Perot interferometer and wide-angle imaging system to the Observatoire Astronomique Universitaire de LOukaimeden; • train students and researchers from Cadi Ayyad University on the operation of the equipment and related analysis techniques; • collect and analyze data from the equipment to study properties of upper-atmospheric winds and temperatures and how they relate to the occurrence of space weather; and • develop an international collaboration network with other researchers using similar instrumentation in Brazil and Peru. We will present here the plan we intend to develop for the Moroccan solar program in connection with ISWI.


Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, which includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis. The incidence of venous thromboembolism is estimated at 0.76 to 1.72 per 1,000 pregnancies, which is four times higher than that in non-pregnant women [1]. The incidence of PE in the postpartum period is much higher than during pregnancy [2]. There are few reports on uterine vein thrombosis, consisting mostly of cases involving thrombi in external and internal iliac veins [3]. Uterine venous plexus thrombosis (UVPT) is a rare diagnosis. Sudden death linked to pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in the presence of UVPT without deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities is even more uncommon. We report a case of sudden, unexpected death due to acute PTE associated with UVPT in a postpartum woman.


The post-colonial migration produces a discourse that is based on friction between two
traditions. Individuals find themselves divided between East and West, the culture of their ancestors and the culture that now welcomes them, forcing them to negotiate with the two spaces. Focusing on Diasporic Literature, we seek a comparison: The satanic verses (1989), by Salman Rushdie and The rock of Tanios (1993), by Amin Maalouf, in order to appreciate how the cultural translation takes place, that is, to understand the identity of diaspora, never ended, always under construction. The bastard, present in both books, exposes himself as the subject of hybrid space and he points to an opportunity to reflect on the identity of the "translated men". We have observed how the experience of the exile, of the uncanny, is configured in the writing of these authors that mix reality and fiction, story and History, making it also bastard. The strikeout speech from bastard's category, as a literary expression, indicates, therefore, poetic solutions to the identitary aporias.


Objective To explore the relationship between the structure and function of tumor suppressor OVCA1,in order to clarify the mechanism of OVCA1 in tumorigenesis and progression.Methods The GFP-tagged-OVCA1A34 Dmutant was built by gene cloning and was confirmed by sequencing.The mutant was transfected into cells with liposome assay.The expression of OVCA1A34 Dmutant protein was detected and the half-life of the protein was measured by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide(CHX).Results GFP-tagged-OVCA1 A34 D was established successfully and was expressed in cells.The half-life of OVCA1A34 Dmutant protein was longer compared with that of wild type OVCA1 protein.Conclusion OVCA1A34 Dmutation extends the protein′s half-life.


In the draft for his acceptance speech for the award granted by the Gairdner Foundation, a non-profit corporation devoted
 to the recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of biomedical research, Nirenberg asserts that a driving force
 behind science "is that the individual strives for truth and [publicly] accepts full responsibility for his work."


This research compared the differences among morphological characteristics under different illumination intensity conditions.Our results showed the plant height,leaf number,leaf area and stem diameter were significantly affected by different illumination intensity,S.emarginatum had some shade tolerance.However,too low or too high illumination intensity was not suitable for its growth.The best light condition for growth of S.emarginatum is 50.68% light transmission rate.


Intrusions in an information system are the activities that violate the security policy of the system, and intrusion detection is the process used to identify intrusions. Intrusion detection has been studied for approximately 20 years. Intrusion detection provides a way to identify intrusion and allow responses to attacks against the systems. We present a machine learning approach known as Genetic Algorithm, to identify such attack type of connections. Intrusion detection system used information in the form of audit trails or packet of the network. In this paper we try to solve the fidelity problem. The intrusion detection systems have more result or information in misinterpretations or missed events is known as fidelity.


Electric vehicles are equipped with an isolated DC-DC converter for controlling the bidirectional DC power flow. In this case, a current sensor was installed inside the circuit. This paper proposes a current sensor using current transformers for bidirectional DC-DC converters. The current sensor comprises a current transformer (CT), diode rectifier, and MOSFET. The current sensor can detect a pulse current containing a DC component without any magnetic saturation. This paper shows a circuit configuration of the bidirectional current sensor, and the principle of the bidirectional current detection of the sensor is analyzed. The validity of this analysis is verified through an experiment with the DC-DC converter rated at 150 V and 1.4 kW.


This thesis presents a comprehensive account of the complex relationship between the British government and the domestic military-naval arms industry from the armistice in 1918 until the period of rearmament in the 1930s. Challenging traditional 'declinist' assumptions, it offers a multifaceted interpretation of the industry's strengths and weaknesses and its place in national security. In this regard, British governments always prioritised national interests over the private armament manufacturers' particular concerns and never formulated a specific policy to help them adjust to peacetime conditions. Indeed, the wartime experience of industrial mobilisation – the mass production of war material by ordinary firms – made specialist arms producers appear less important in supply planning: a view that proved more important than disarmament and retrenchment in damaging state-industry relations and, together with Britain's liberal economic traditions, helped to foster an enduring but exaggerated sense of relative weakness. Faced with the government's apparent indifference, the overextended arms industry underwent comprehensive internal reorganisation, led by Vickers and supported hesitantly by the Bank of England. This reduced the overall number of manufacturers but it also brought modernisation and a comparatively efficient nucleus for emergency expansion. Internationally, British firms retained a large share of the global arms market despite rising competition. Policymakers rarely accepted widespread public criticism that private armaments manufacture and trading were immoral but believed that the League of Nations' ambition to enforce all-encompassing international controls posed a far greater risk to British security. Although the government imposed unilateral arms trade regulations to facilitate political objectives, and was forced to address outraged popular opinion, neither seriously damaged the manufacturers' fortunes as the country moved towards rearmament. Indeed, the arms industry was never simply a victim of government policy but instead pursued an independent and ultimately successful peacetime strategy, before rearmament led to a cautious renewal of state-industry relations.


The explicit management of project experience (lessons learned on project planning and execution) has become of strategic importance to many organizations. This paper describes how to set-up and run a repository, implemented with case-based reasoning technology, for sharing project experience using an industrial-strength case study. The case study shows that it is both effective and efficient for the information seeker to have an experience repository at his or her disposal. In addition, lessons learned regarding the organization and population of such an experience repository are reported. An outlook describes the potential of additionally planned exploitations of experiences learned from projects.


Calculations for the in-flight production of {Sigma} hypernuclei with the reactions {sup 12}C({ital K}{sup {minus}},{pi}{sup {minus}}){sub {Sigma}}{sup 12}C, {sup 12}C({ital K}{sup {minus}},{pi}{sup +}){sub {Sigma}}{sup 12}B, {sup 16}O({ital K}{sup {minus}},{pi}{sup +}){sub {Sigma}}{sup 16}C, and {sup 9}Be({ital K}{sup {minus}},{pi}{sup {minus}}){sub {Sigma}}{sup 9}Be are presented. The framework of the recoil corrected continuum shell model is employed. The calculations can account for the major feature of the data with a modification of the {Sigma}{ital N} interaction of Yamamoto and Bando. This provides information on the strength of the central part of the {Sigma}{ital N} interaction and on the {Sigma}{ital N}{r arrow}{Lambda}{ital N} conversion strength. However, detailed information on the spin components of the {Sigma}{ital N} force will be difficult to obtain.


Comprehensive molecular‐level models of human metabolism have been generated on a cellular level. However, models of whole‐body metabolism have not been established as they require new methodological approaches to integrate molecular and physiological data. We developed a new metabolic network reconstruction approach that used organ‐specific information from literature and omics data to generate two sex‐specific whole‐body metabolic (WBM) reconstructions. These reconstructions capture the metabolism of 26 organs and six blood cell types. Each WBM reconstruction represents whole‐body organ‐resolved metabolism with over 80,000 biochemical reactions in an anatomically and physiologically consistent manner. We parameterized the WBM reconstructions with physiological, dietary, and metabolomic data. The resulting WBM models could recapitulate known inter‐organ metabolic cycles and energy use. We also illustrate that the WBM models can predict known biomarkers of inherited metabolic diseases in different biofluids. Predictions of basal metabolic rates, by WBM models personalized with physiological data, outperformed current phenomenological models. Finally, integrating microbiome data allowed the exploration of host–microbiome co‐metabolism. Overall, the WBM reconstructions, and their derived computational models, represent an important step toward virtual physiological humans.


Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires technically advanced endoscopic skill. To improve endoscopic skills, animals or their extracted digestive tracts are used for ESD training [1–3], which raises several issues regarding ethics, cost, and infection. Applying our previously developed gastric ESD model [4], we have developed a colorectal ESD training model using nonanimal materials with KOTOBUKI Medical, Inc. (Saitama, Japan) to resolve these issues (▶Fig. 1). This plant-derived model is superior to traditional animal models because training can occur at any time in an endoscopy room, using personal endoscopes and devices, without concern over infection risk. These advantages allow training to be performed multiple times, promoting muscle memory, which is essential for improving ESD skills [5]. The model modified for colorectal ESD allows for training on lesions at any wall location, basic scope movement, necessary strategies for colorectal ESD, changes in air volume in the colon, changes in gravity due to body posture changes, and scope movement with a retroflexed view (▶Fig. 2). In this study, the modified model was used and a specialized liquid (VTT-INJ; KOTOBUKI Medical, Inc.) was injected into the submucosal layer. Mucosal circumferential incision and trimming, and submucosal dissection were performed using a dual knife (▶Video 1). After ESD, a questionnaire about the similarities in clinical practice between the conventional and new colorectal ESD model, and the usefulness of the new model for improving trainees' ESD skills was answered on a six-point scale (0–5) (▶Fig. 3). Three colorectal ESD experts who were not involved in developing this training model and who had performed more than 100 clinical colorectal ESDs completed the questionnaire. All responses for the similarities between the new model and conventional colorectal ESD (▶Fig. 4 a) and the acceptability of the newmodel (▶Fig. 4 b) scored ≥4 and 5 points, respectively. ESD training using the novel model is similar to the sensation of clinical colorectal ESD and is useful for trainees.


Effects of heat stress and added dietary sodium bicarbonate (0 or 1.0% of dry matter), sodium chloride (0 or .73% of dry matter), and total dietary potassium (1.3 or 1.8% of dry matter) on acid-base status, production, and mineral metabolism of lactating Holstein cows were evaluated. Design was split-plot with 24 cows in shade or no shade environments; dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial within each environment. Basal diet (38% corn silage:62% concentrate) contained .18% sodium; sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride treatments were in addition. All dietary treatments were equal in chloride content. Cows in no shade exhibited signs of respiratory alkalosis during the hot part of the day. Daily feed intake was lower in no shade than shade but milk yield and percent milk fat were not affected by environment. Sodium bicarbonate addition increased actual and 4% fat-corrected milk yields and percent milk fat. Sodium chloride addition increased actual and 4% fat-corrected milk yield when adjusted for amount of feed intake, and 1.8% dietary potassium increased feed intake and actual milk yield. Increasing total dietary sodium from .18 to .55%, from either supplemental source, enhanced 4% fat-corrected milk production, but combination of sources (.88% total sodium) showed no additional benefit over .55%.


In The Sign of the Cannibal Geoffrey Sanborn offers a major reassessment of the work of Herman Melville, a definitive history of the post-Enlightenment discourse on cannibalism, and a provocative contribution to postcolonial theory. These investigations not only explore mid-nineteenth century resistance to the colonial enterprise but argue that Melville, using the discourse on cannibalism to critique colonialism, contributed to the production of resistance. Sanborn focuses on the representations of cannibalism in three of Melville's key texts-Typee, Moby-Dick, and "Benito Cereno." Drawing on accounts of Pacific voyages from two centuries and virtually the entire corpus of the post-Enlightenment discourse on cannibalism, he shows how Melville used his narratives to work through the ways in which cannibalism had been understood. In so doing, argues Sanborn, Melville sought to move his readers through stages of possible responses to the phenomenon in order to lead them to consider alternatives to established assumptions and conventions-to understand that in the savage they see primarily their own fear and fascination. Melville thus becomes a narrator of the postcolonial encounter as he uncovers the dynamic of dread and menace that marks the Western construction of the "non-savage" human. Extending the work of Slavoj Zizek and Homi Bhabha while providing significant new insights into the work of Melville, The Sign of the Cannibal represents a breakthrough for students and scholars of postcolonial theory, American literary history, critical anthropology, race, and masculinity.


Education informatization is an important way of education reform, education informatization is aimed at promoting information technology in education, realizing the information technology and curriculum integration effectively and achieving remarkable results. Only in this way be possible to promote the reform and development of education. In this paper, it discussed the information technology and multimedia courseware FLASH integration, which is in order to be able to find out the ideal teaching model.


The introduction of digitizer equipment into High Voltage Test facilities enhances the possibility of evaluating test objects reliably. As each transformer is unique, the transfer function obtained is unique for the given transformer. Any deviations from this curve would give an indication of the type and severity of the fault. The traditional method of analog testing could not ensure the same degree of confidence in test results compared with the transfer function method.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this experimental research is to study the influence of gamma‐radiation on metabolic processes of white rats undergone to ionizing radiation. The is a conclusion of the ethical committee (protocol N5, 2010, State medical university, Semey). Animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the order of the Helsinki Declaration on the humane treatment of animals. The levels of LPO, diene conjugates (DC) and MDA in thymus, spleen and lymph nodes of small intestine were tested.


By the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the FE model of supporting roller is established under the condition of three kinds of nonlinearity. Two pieces of figure of displacement on roller disc and rim are drawn based on a supporting roller of a certain kind of track vehicle, the calculations have been made for its three different models at the same time, and both a table and two figures have been made on the stress and displacement results. According to the results, a better FE model has been chosen among them.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) represent a set of long-range communication technologies suitable for supporting IoT applications, which need multi-year battery lifetime and usually send small amount of data over long distances a few times per hour. LoRa is the first low cost implementation of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation for commercial usage suitable for meeting IoT requirements, such as long range of communication, low power consumption, low data rate, low cost, high level of robustness to interference. Two are the main objectives of this thesis: the former concerns an experimental implementation of a LoRa sensor network installed inside the building of ENSIL (Ecole National Superieure d'Ingenieurs de Limoges), at the University of Limoges in France; the latter consists in the robustness evaluation of a transmitter-receiver LoRa signal, simulated with the help of LabVIEW. For what concerns the first part, 30 sensors for monitoring temperature and humidity are all wirelessly connected to a gateway using LoRa technology. However, the overall power consumption is too high, therefore the battery lifetime must be increased at the sensor level. The purpose of the infrastructure is thus to convey temperature and humidity information from sensors to a gateway, based on a Raspberry Pi board, which used to upload the data to ThingSpeak cloud. Therefore, after a preliminary analysis of LoRa operating modes, some modifications at the power management level have been applied both on the sensor and gateway side. Moreover, ThingSpeak has been replaced with a new server, based on a MySQL database and a basic web user interface has been created to allow users to access to the database records of interest and eventually to delete them, if they are in charge of it. In the second part, instead, LoRa robustness performance to interference is assessed by means of the bit error rate behaviour under different noise channel conditions. In order to realize a LabVIEW simulation of LoRa physical layer without using real hardware transceivers, a deep analysis of the literature was essential. Indeed, due to its proprietary license nature, several studies tried to reveal more details about LoRa PHYsical layer (PHY) layer, intercepting on-the-air LoRa signals by means of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) enabled LoRa gateway. Their results and conclusions have been exploited to implement the TX-RX LoRa signal, with some simplifying assumptions on the frame synchronization and the channel coding. Finally, the study has been conducted considering the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance with different parameter conditions and variations. The impact of two types of noise source was taken into account, i.e. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and narrowband interference.


Background:  Preliminary evidence suggests that inadequately controlled allergic rhinitis in asthmatic patients can contribute towards increased asthma exacerbations and poorer symptom control, which may increase medical resource use. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the effect of concomitant allergic rhinitis on asthma‐related hospital resource utilization among children below 15 years of age with asthma in Norway.


Aggrecan is one of the most important structural components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage, where it contributes to the hydration of the tissue and its ability to resist compressive loads during joint movement. Increased aggrecan degradation and loss occurs in joint diseases and is thought to be mediated by enzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases (ADAMTS). It has also been proposed that aggrecan release from the cartilage can be mediated by a non-proteolytic mechanism which involves the degradation of hyaluronan (RA) to which the aggrecan is bound. As aggrecan degradation and loss is known to be induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-17 and OSM were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in proteoglycan catabolism in organ cultures of bovine articular cartilage. Irrespective of the cytokine, all aggrecan fragments generated were characteristic of aggrecanase action, and no additional aggrecan-degrading enzymatic activity was detected. In the presence of OSM, more rapid aggrecan release was observed, due to both proteolysis and fragmentation of HA by hyaluronidase activity. Moreover, addition of OSM resulted in the cleavage of aggrecan at a non-canonical aggrecanase site near its carboxy-terminal globular domain. Such cleavage could be reproduced in vitro by the action of either ADAMTS-4 or ADAMTS-5. Gene expression analysis revealed that both aggrecanases were highly induced by the cytokines, and while ADAMTS-4 was the major aggrecanase to be stimulated in all conditions, ADAMTS-5 remains the predominant aggrecanase to be expressed in cartilage. Thus, the present study shows that aggrecanase activity is primarily responsible for aggrecan degradation in the early stages of cytokine stimulation, and that in the presence of OSM, aggrecanase substrate specificity can be differentially modulated and hyaluronidase-mediated RA degradation can be induced.


Through contrastive experiments of the strengthened beams using prestressed carbon fiber sheet, strengthened beams using non-prestressed carbon fiber sheet and reinforced beams, the effect of different prestressed levels on beam's flexural properties is studied in detail. The experiments shows that the cracking loads,yield loads and flexural stiffness of strengthened beams is increased with improvement of prestress levels.


Dr. Dorothy Scarbrough, noted author and assistant professor o f : short-story writing at Columbia University, gave the firs t of a se ries of readings sponsored by the English department Monday a f te r  noon in Room 5, Biology Build ing. The auditorium of tho Biology Building wr.s filled to overflowing, j Many sa t in the windows or stood in thq open doorways. Reads From "Wind" / Dr. Scarborough read the last < chapter of her Wind" . sa ay was pay-day for him. In a ta th me ut issued by the au ditor last week. Monday noon War set us Die de..domfor sign ing fur their vouchers. This afternoon, 27 out of the 161 hinl failed to do so. lf the auditor is not kind hearted enough to give them another 2-1 hours, they will have to wait until this time next month for their pay. Formal D elation Held * Steers Train A' Littlefield Dormitory For Mustang


Consumers may be prescribed medicines about which they know little or nothing. These medicines can have significant health repercussions that the patient would not necessarily know to ask about.


According to the characteristics of the beef cattle breeding circular economy projec,this paper analyzes the environmental risk and the potential of cleaner production of this kind of project,put forward the corresponding measures to reduce the environmental risk,raise the level of resource utilization、reducing emissions.


Nowadays books about history of advertising differ in structure and historical foundation. In this paper we study the first books published about the subject (between 1874 and 1968) to discover where the origins of advertising lies, what periodization scheme are used and which advertising concepts are assumed to consolidate first scientific basis in this field.


Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) is an emerging memory technology that combines the best properties of current hard disks and main memories by providing non-volatility, high density, high speed, and byte addressability. This provides an opportunity to redesign systems and their software stacks to improve performance and to reduce the complexity. Present-day database systems are designed and optimized for traditional disks and memory hierarchies. They are very complex because they handle varying levels of storage latencies, from CPU caches to hard disks. Our intention is to build a prototype storage engine that is optimized for NVM and which takes advantage of the collapsed memory hierarchy. We are developing this storage engine in an incremental way. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to optimize write-ahead logging (WAL) for NVM based systems. Most database systems use ARIES-style write-ahead logging to implement transactions. ARIES techniques are optimized for disk based systems and tuned for the sequential write performance of disks. We leverage the high speed, byte-addressable random access of NVM to design a high-performance logging mechanism. We discuss the bottlenecks of sequential logging, identify the challenges of distributed logging and propose a novel solution. We show that NVM-optimized logging improves performance 8-15 times over default MariaDB/XtraDB for log-intensive workloads.


This study aims to analyze the concept of an archipelagic state associated with the 1982 Sea Law Convention. In addition, this study also analyzes the dispute resolution of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf over the Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands claim between Japan and China. This research uses normative legal research by examining a rule, principles, and legal doctrines related to the problems in this research to generate an argumentation. The data were collected by using literature study method by collecting legal materials and information in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. In order to obtain clear exposure, the data is then arranged systematically and analyzed using descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that the archipelagic country is a country whose entire territory consists of one or more islands, including other interconnected islands, including waters among others and other natural forms. Furthermore, regarding the dispute of the Senkaku / Diaoyu archipelago, Japan can make measurements related to ZEE whose distance should not exceed 200 nautical miles measured from the same baseline and used to measure the width of its territorial sea. While related to China for the territorial sea width can reach a distance of 200 nautical miles from the base line used to set the width of its territorial sea, if the outer edge of the continental edge does not reach that distance.


M a i l i n g A d d r e s s : J o r g e E l i a s N e t o • R u a A l a ô r d e Q u e i r o z , 1 1 5 / 1 0 1 2 9 0 5 0 0 0 0 – V i t ó r i a , E S B r a z i l E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Received on 05/14/05 • Accepted on 12/08/05 The capacity of adopting an orthostatic posture is, undoubtedly, a milestone in the evolution of the human species and has motivated extensive research in the physiological and anthropological areas. The physiological mechanisms involved in adopting and maintaining an orthostatic posture and its complications have been investigated through the centuries. The anatomists do not consider the postural adaptation of the human being a peculiar transformation that occurred to mankind, but the culmination of a series of evolutionary phases that might have started in the body of the primate ancestors1.


Although a thorough knowledge of oxygen chemistry is necessary to understand the biochemistry of reactive oxygen species, that topic is beyond the scope of this book (see excellent works by Sawyer [1, 2] and the outstanding textbook of Halliwell and Gutteridge [3], Chapter 1). A large number of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are now known to exist in biological systems, the most relevant to the present book being superoxide (O 2 / HO 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (OH), organic (lipid, alkyl, or short chain) hydroperoxides and hydroperoxide radicals (ROOH, ROO), peroxynitrite and peroxynitrous acid (ONOO/ONOOH), carbonate radical (CO 3 ), and reactive aldehydes of varying lengths. Various oxo-metal complexes, (such as those formed from heme and H 2 O 2 ), may also be relevant. We limit our discussion to the chemical properties relevant to the biological toxicity of the best known reactive species: superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical. Although we focus on these three species, this is not to say that the many other known ROS (and the downstream products thereof) are not relevant to oxidative stress and aging.


Аbstract: High unemployment accompanied by a decline in production is one of the major economic and social problems in Serbia. The existing economic problems, which are defined by structural mismatch, non-competitive production and traditional means of production is accompanied by an increase in the problem of poverty, due to the participation of elderly and dependent persons, a decline in the number of employees. Markets are a way to organize economic activity and can only be successful if the activities are organized in a way that enhances the overall economic benefit. If this does not happen, there is a market failure which is the situation in which the market alone fails to achieve full efficiency. Taking into account of territorial disparities in economic potentials of development, the aim of the paper is to point out the problems facing the labor market in Belgrade. The author tried to show the basic characteristics of Belgrade during his work, as well as economic, traffic and market a significant city in Southeastern Europe. The effects, instruments and benefits of market policy and alternatives to overcome existing constraints, opportunities and solutions are presented. Activities to improve the productivity and quality of work must be planned according to the expected changes in the economic structure, according to the greater involvement of Belgrade in the European and regional economic integration, and with optimal use of domestic resources to the comparative advantages of the country.


New luminescent complexes of Os(II) that contain either 2,2{prime}-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as the chromophorib acceptor ligand have been prepared by a combination of established and new synthetic methods. Extensive use of Os(IV) and Os(III) precursors, e.g., Os{sup IV}(bpy)Cl{sub 4} and mer-Os{sup III}(PMe{sub 2}Ph){sub 3}Cl{sub 3} has led to the preparation of materials with ancillary ligands such as tertiary phosphines as preparative intermediates, including Os{sup III}(bpy)(PMe{sub 2}Ph)Cl{sub 3} and cis-Os{sup II}(phen)(diphosphine)Cl{sub 2}. Further substitution of chloro ligands into complexes such as these results in the formation of emissive complexes of Os(II). Another new synthetic route utilizes the versatile Os(II) precursor Os(bpy){sub 2}CO{sub 3}, which allows the facile preparation of dicationic, disubstituted species such as (Os(bpy){sub 2}(norbornadiene)){sup 2+}. Another general procedure, based on the control of solvent and temperature in the substitution chemistry of cis-Os(bpy){sub 2}Cl{sub 2}, has been further developed to produce a variety of new complexes of the types cis-(Os(bpy){sub 2}(L)Cl){sup +} and cis(Os(bpy){sub 2}(L){sub 2}){sup 2+}, where L is a phosphine, arsine, nitrogen, or olefin donor ligand. In a few cases, phosphine entering groups cause the cis geometry to be unfavorable and new trans-(Os(bpy){sub 2}(L){sub 2}){sup 2+} complexes have also been isolated. The resultant complexes comprise themore » largest family of transition-metal-based excited-state reagents with tunable photophysical and redox properties available. When possible, the new complexes have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and {sup 31}P and/or {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy.« less


The future of strawberry propagation and sales is very positive, so an efficient mass propagation system for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) was developed in this study. Strawberry leaf explants successfully induced green compact calli in semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BA within 2 weeks. Subculture the calli in semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l TDZ and 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D produced 3.8 microshoots per callus within 49-56 days. These leaf-derived calli with adventitious shoots were cultured with 0.1 mg/l GA_3 and shaken at 120 rpm. The number of shoots increased from 15.3 shoots to 43.6 shoots per culture (100 ml) within 2 weeks, but all were hyperhydric shoots. Hyperhydric shoots recovered to normal shoots within 1 month when cultured on semi-solid MS medium with 8 g/l agar. Shoots formed roots on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA within 2 weeks. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized for 1 week before being transferred to the field at Bendito farm, where the strawberry plants were grown until maturity.


A survey on opening state of sports fields has been conducted in 668 schools and universities of 6 provincial cities with methods of literature、 expert interviews、 questionnaires、statistics and logical analysis.The conclusion is that the opening up of China's urban school sports fields is quite limited.Feasible suggestions and strategies as well as references on theory and practice have been provided according to the survey results in order to further opening up China's urban school sports.


Self help groups (SHGs) have emerged as popular method of working with people in recent years. Since SHG based micro finance programmes cover a large number of women, it is expected that such programmes will have an important bearing on womens empowerment. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged in order to help poor women to secure inputs like credit and other services. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women, creating awareness and ensure sustainability of environment which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. To avert such a situation, growth with quality has became the paramount agenda of today among different stakeholders, as there is an over reaching concern about sustainability of the SHG movement in India. Self-help groups have been instrumental in empowerment by enabling women to work together in collective agency. An effort is made in this paper to make a comparative analysis on the quality and performance of the SHGs and the impact of SHGs on women members in Barak Valley of Assam (Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi districts). It is observed that due to fast growing of the SHG-bank linkage programme in the State, the quality of SHG has come under stress. Some of the factors affecting the quality of SHGs are the target oriented approach of the government in preparing group, inadequate incentive to NGOs for nurturing their groups etc. Further, it is observed from the Table 17 that impact on decision making pattern ranks first followed by economic empowerment and then psychological aspects. Confidence building ranks fourth while Social empowerment ranks the fifth and so on.


The traditional English teaching ability assessment algorithm has some problems, such as low accuracy and poor effect. Therefore, this paper proposes an English teaching ability assessment algorithm based on deep learning. According to the proposed method, it analyzes the characteristics of the input layer, convolution layer, pooling layer, and fully connected layer in the deep learning technology. And then, it also help to determine the dimensions of the convolution kernel matrix and derive the weight parameters through back propagation. Finally, it introduces the open-minded computing for deep learning assessment of English teaching ability, calculate the best standard data and best vector data ratio, and establish a deep learning model to realize English teaching ability assessment. The experimental results show that this method can improve the accuracy of English teaching ability assessment.


ABSTRACT After noting the centrality of local authority homes for older people in British research on institutionalisation, influential research undertaken in this setting during the 19803 is reviewed. Three problems are identified in this current of research. Firstly, the assumption that there is a uniform process of institutionalisation is questioned. Secondly, the lack of comparative studies is highlighted. Thirdly, the absence of the structured dependency thesis is regarded as indicative of the lack of attention paid to social divisions. In conclusion, it is suggested that the concept of institutionalisation may have outlived its usefulness and that an alternative approach needs to be developed which is capable of focusing on the degree of dependency, independence and interdependence existing in a range of care settings.


Historically, the thymus has been an enigma, so in many ways has the larger complex, the lymphoid system of tissues and cells. However, during these last four or five years, we have taken a "new look" not only a t the thymus, theretofore an organ of unknown function, but a t the appendix and, even more recently, a t the tonsils, which are also tissues usually considered readily dispensable. The thymus clearly functions as a "source" tissue in the ontogenesis of cell systems intimately concerned with adaptive immunity. The appendix apparently has a similar function in the rabbit and perhaps in other mammals. Recent evidence has suggested that the tonsils may be associated with the development of capacity for plasma cell formation and immunoglobulin synthesis in the young animal. A new concept of the lymphoid system is emerging gradually, and i t is with this developing concept that we would Like to deal. I t may be useful a t the outset to sketch what we see as the broad outlines of the lymphoid system a t the beginning of 1965: a "still picture" of a rapidly changing complex of relationships. At present, then, we see a two-way division in the lymphoid system. The oldest, a distinction implicit in experimental observations going back to the 1890's, and perhaps earlier, is that of "central lymphoid tissue" and "peripheral lymphoid tissue" (Beard, 1894, 1900; Hammar, 1921). The prototype of central lymphoid tissue is the thymus: a tissue originating from the epithelium of the gut, exercising a major function in the maturation of adaptive immunity largely through its influence on the peripheral lymphoid tissues, but remaining relatively inactive in dayto-day immunologic function (Bjfirneboe & Gormsen, 1943; Fagraeus, 1948; Miller, 1962a; Good et al., 1 9 6 2 ~ ) . Other tissues of this type are the burs5 of Fabricius, a cloaca1 lymphoid organ of birds, and the appendix of the rabbit. All three of these organs have been shown experimentally to play a role in the maturation of antibody producing capacity (Glick et al., 1956; Mueller et al., 1960, Archer & Pierce, 1961; Miller, 196%; Archer et al., 1 9 6 3 ~ ; Sutherland et al., 1 9 6 4 ~ ) .


The article identifies and discusses the criteria by which consumer organisations (in particular the Consumers in the European Community Group) judge the use of food additives: safety, necessity, alternatives, cost, benefits, available information, possible harmful effects, and consumer redress. The author also summarises the issues consumer groups are likely to be concerned with in future: representation, review and enforcement.


In this paper identifiable parameterizations are determined for models of flow in porous media as applied in the field of petroleum reservoir engineering. Starting from a large-scale, physics-based model parameterization with an extensive parameter space, the best identifiable reduced dimensional parameterization is constructed. This is achieved through the development of an analytical expression for the (finite-time) information matrix of the problem. It is shown that the information matrix can be expressed in terms of controllability and observability properties of the model and the sensitivity of the state space matrices w.r.t. the parameter vector. A reduced dimensional subspace is then obtained after a singular value decomposition of the information matrix, leading to the use of basis functions (spatial patterns) in the original parameter space. The approach is applied to two reservoir models: a siso model with 49 parameters and a mimo model with 441 parameters.


A series of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of the types [RuCl 2 (CO) 2 L] 2 ·nH 2 O {n = 1, L = L 1 , L 3 }; [RuCl 2 (CO) 2 (L)(H 2 O)]·nH 2 O {n = 1, L = L 2 , L 4 , L 6 and n = 2, L = L 7 }; [RuCl(CO) 2 (L-H)(H 2 O)] 2 {L = L 5 }; [RuCl 2 (CO) 2 ] 3 (L) 2 {L = L 8 } were synthesized where L is 6 R -5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c ]quinazoline (R-Diq; R = phenyl: L 1 /furyl: L 2 /thiophenyl : L 3 / o or p -hydroxyphenyl: L 4 , L 5 / o or p -chlorophenyl: L 6 , L 7 /dimethylaminophenyl : L 8 ). The Ru(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, TGA, infrared, electronic, NMR and mass spectral techniques. An octahedral geometry around the metal ion was proposed for all the complexes and monomeric, dimeric and trimeric stereochemistry was suggested. The catalytic activity for few ruthenium(II) complexes towards oxidation of benzyl alcohol, hydroquinone and cyclohexanol was also investigated.


To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the processing and presentation of the inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) antigen,monocyte-derived dendritic cells(DCs) from BALB/c mouse were prepared and pulsed with inactivated FMDV in vitro to determine if ubiquitination was involved in the processing of the inactivated FMDV antigens.The ubiquitinated FMDV protein of 75 ku in molecular mass could be detected by Western-blot at 0.5,3,6,10 and 20 h immediately after FMDV were loaded onto DCs.The levels of ubiquitinated proteins recognized by FK2 were higher than those by FK1,indicating that lysosome may play a major role in the processing of FMDV antigens.The results showed that antigens of the inactivated FMDV were recognized by the ubiquitinating system and targeted to the lysosome for proces-sing in DCs.


As cellular' telephones have dramatically decreased in size, manufacturers have continued to infuse more and more technology into these devices, some of which are smaller than a deck of cards.' In addition to standard voice services, offerings such as text and picture messaging, email, and Web access, photo, and even video cameras are now commonplace.' Along with these functions, approximately one hundred million mobile phones in the U.S. contain Global Positioning System ("GPS") chips,4 and such phones will continue to proliferate in the future.' Partially due to consumer demand for improved technology,6 and partly a response to a government mandate,7 this common arrangement allows service providers to offer a host of new options and services.' GPS technology, when installed on a cellular phone, allows precise


A composite symmetry of the nuclear structure, called multichannel dynamical symmetry is established. It can describe different cluster configurations (defined by different reaction channels) in a unified framework, thus it has a considerable predictive power. The two-channel case is presented in detail, and its conceptual similarity to the dynamical supersymmetry is discussed.


Chronic neck pain is a common reasons for doctor visits in the U.S. This diagnosis can be evaluated through patient history, physical examination and judicious use of radiographs. However, possible inappropriate magnetic resonance imaging ordering persists. We hypothesized that no difference in ordering practices, ordering appropriateness and subsequent intervention would be appreciated regarding physician specialty, location, patient characteristics, and history and physical exam findings. A multisite retrospective review for cervical spine MRIs between 2014 and 2018 was performed. A total of 332 patients were included. Statistical analysis was used to assess MRI order appropriateness, detail of history and physical exam findings and intervention decision making among different specialties. If significant differences were found, multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the association of MRI order appropriateness regarding physician specialty, location, patient characteristics and history and physical exam findings. Significance level for all tests was set at <0.05 Orthopaedic surgeons ordered MRIs most appropriately with an average ACR score of 8.4 (p<0.005). Orthopaedic surgeons had more comprehensive physical exams as compared to remaining specialties. Decision for intervention did not vary by physician specialty or ACR score, except for patients of pain medicine physicians who received pain management (p=0.000). Orthopaedic surgeons utilize MRI most appropriately and have more comprehensive physical exams. These findings suggest a need for increased physician education on what indicates an appropriate MRI order to improve the use of resources and further protect patient risk-benefit profiles. Further research elucidating factors to minimize negative findings in "appropriate" MRIs is indicated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The comparison of aroma active compounds between three species of
banana which were pisang mas (Musa acuminata), pisang kepok (Musa
paradisiaca), and pisang batu (Musa balbisiana) were conducted by extracting it
using HS-SPME and be measured in order to know the volatiles and aroma active
compounds using GC-MS and GC-O with nasal impact frequency (NIF) method.
There were 20, 9, and 3 volatile compounds that were identified in pisang mas,
pisang kepok, and pisang batu respectively. The result of GC-O showed that there
were three aroma active compound (hexanal, isoamyl acetate, and isobutyl
butyrate) which contributed to green, grassy, fruity, banana-like, and sweet
aroma detected in pisang mas, three aroma active compounds (hexanal, 2-hexenal,
and isoamyl acetate) which contributed to green, grassy, fruity, sweet, leafy, and
banana-like aroma detected in pisang kepok, and two aroma active compounds
(isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate) which contributed to pungent, sweet,
banana-like, and fruity aroma detected in pisang batu. QDA was also done in
order to know the sensorial analysis of the banana. The result of QDA showed
that banana-like, fruity, and sweet aromas were dominant in pisang mas while it
has less intensity in pisang kepok. It also showed that pungent, sour, green, and
grassy were the dominant aromas in pisang batu while it has less intensity in
pisang kepok. The result of QDA could be supported by the result of GC-MS-O.
This leads to the result of the preference choice using hedonic test of banana from
the consumer. The taste of pisang mas was preferred the most among the three
banana species. The aroma and overall preference of pisang batu was the least
preferred while the aroma and overall preference of pisang mas and pisang kepok
were not significantly different.


Pericardin involved in heart development of Drosophila,and it plays an important role in Drosophila heart development.Drosophila melanogaster total RNA were extracted,and reverse transcription to cDNA,the cDNA serve as a template,the Pericardin gene antigen hydrophilic and high specificity region,through bioinformatic analysis,have been selected.The target fragment was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a(+).IPTG(Isopropyl transferred through beta D-thiogalactoside) induced the expression of His fusion protein.Then the New Zealand white rabbits were immuned with purified recombinant protein to generate antibody.The antibody titer and specificity was identified by Western blot.All these results show that His-Pericardin fusion protein is successfully purified and the high sensitivity and high specificity anti-Pericardin polyclonal antibody are generated,which provide a powerful tool for the further studies of Pericardin function.


In order to select nonlinear crystals suitable for optical parametric oscillators operating in mid-infra- red range, two kinds of crystals such as LiNhO_3 and KTP were tested. The highest output energy of 12 mJ in the range of 3.0~4.5 μm was obtained by LiNbO_3 OPO pumped at 1. 064μm with non-collinear pumping geome- try, corresponding to the energy efficiency of 4.5%. In order to reduce the threshold, short wavelength signal of LiNbO_3 OPO is completely resonant in the OPO cavity, and the mid-infrared idler is coupled out at the same time. Because of larger absorption coefficient in the mid-intimated region, the highest energy at 3.3μm is only 2 mJ, corresponding to 1% energy conversion efficiency.


The microstructures of copper- and zinc-containing dental amalgams and nonzinc dental amalgams were examined. The three major phases were distinguishable without etching. The silver-mercury phase exhibited considerable substructure; some of the inclusions found had high concentrations of copper or zinc. Generally, zinc was distributed more uniformly than copper when both were present.


Back reaction in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole in thermal equilibrium with conformal massless quantum field is discussed using the method of York. The presence of quantum field and back reaction ensures the entropy of dressed black hole. In the perturbed spacetime geometry, the nature of the effective potential and the orbits of massless and massive particles are also investigated.


The authors provided weekly supplementation with iron folic acid (IFA) tablets (100 mg elemental iron and 500 μg folic acid) for a period of 3 months, that is, April, May, and June 2013 to 117 girls and 127 boys. A total of 12 doses of IFA were administered. However, in the abstract under the head of "Methods," it is mentioned that the supplementation was given for a period of 52 weeks. The actual duration of supplementation needs to be clarified.


Objectives: Genomic information will increasingly be used to aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Several national initiatives are paving the way for this new reality, while also promoting new models of participant-engaged research. We compare the opinions of research participants in a cancer registry, human genetic researchers, and institutional review board (IRB) professionals about the return of individual-level genetic results (ROR). Methods: Online surveys were administered to participants in a cancer registry (n = 450) and overlapping questions were compared to our previous online national surveys of human genetic researchers (n = 351) and IRB professionals (n = 208). Results: The majority of respondents agreed that researchers have an obligation to return individual results when they would affect a participant's health. While 77% of registry participants favored ROR if the researcher feels the participant might be interested in the results, only 30% of the IRB professionals and 25% of the genetic researchers agreed with this statement. Conclusions: Significant differences emerged between the stakeholder groups in several ROR scenarios. Policies that are acceptable to participants, researchers and IRBs, and that ensure human subject protections and facilitate research are needed.


Tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS; TOBI®) has improved forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in cystic fibrosis (CF) trials. Using data from the Epidemiologic Study of CF (ESCF), we assessed the change in level and trend of FEV1 % predicted (pred) over a 2‐year period associated with initiation of TIS during routine clinical practice.


Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of people worldwide. Considering that no specific pharmaceutical treatment exists for this disease, the best way to deal with it is through prevention. However, many people in the community do not implement preventive behaviors. The study investigates the risk perception of infectious diseases following psychological factors and social variables, such as age, gender, family structure, occupation, income, and saving as social factors. Methods: A sample of 371 adults in the age range of 18 to 60 years (224 females and 147 males) was selected via the convenience sampling method from Karaj City. They answered questions about social variables, vulnerability to infectious diseases questionnaire, and questions about protective behaviors according to the World Health Organization protocol on COVID-19. Results: The results showed that in the psychological dimension, self-risk assessment and vulnerability to infectious diseases can predict COVID-19-related preventive behaviors. In the social dimension, the family structure, gender, and familial and social relationships of individuals predicted protective behaviors in individuals. Conclusion: prevention is essential for controlling the pandemic and it is necessary to consider the risk factors in every society.


ABSTRACT. Surgical removal of the brain or disconnection of the last abdominal ganglion from the ventral nerve cord prevented sex pheromone release in female Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae), as assayed by the male wing‐fanning response. The calling behaviour continued to occur in individuals whose terminal abdominal ganglion had been thus isolated, however, indicating that the neural mechanisms controlling calling function independently in the last abdominal ganglion.


Internet Association represents the interests of America's leading Internet companies and their global 1 community of users. It is dedicated to advancing public policy solutions that strengthen and protect Internet freedom, foster innovation and economic growth, and empower users. IA's members include some of the largest patent owners in the world as well as companies with few (or no) patents. While our members' patent holdings vary dramatically, their views on this issue do not. All believe that, for the patent system to play its intended role in fostering innovation and economic growth, the USPTO must have a strong financial footing and patent quality must be improved significantly.


This paper considers a dynamic characteristic of Dual Active Bridge converter with power-feedback control which the dynamic characteristic hasn't been discussed yet. Calculation result of the obtained dynamic model show that the dynamic characteristics is affected by parameters of input/putput LC filters, and a DC operating point of an input value. Also, the converter's dynamic model is represented as a zero-order system. By properly defining the parameters of the LC filters, the effect of the filters on the loop transfer function of the feedback system can be suppressed, and the derivation of the input/output impedance can be simplified. In addition, the design guidelines of the system will be discussed based on the analysis results obtained. Simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the analysis.


The segmental phonology of non-standard dialects of Japanese has been relatively understudied in the Generative literature. In this paper, we wish to fill this gap by studying the properties of Hiroshima Japanese. First, we aim to document the patterns of hiatus resolution in Hiroshima Japanese. We show that hiatuses are resolved by a variety of strategies (i.e. a case of a conspiracy: Kisseberth 1970). Second, we analyze the patterns within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 2004) and discuss some theoretical consequences, which include: (i) palatalization should be represented as [-back], rather than [-back, +high]; (ii) MAX(F), but not IDENT(F), can account for the hiatus resolution pattern; (iii) various kinds of positional faithfulness constraints interact to yield complex patterns of hiatus resolution.


Objective: Endothelial cell (EC)-induced mesenchymal cell (MC) differentiation toward a mural cell phenotype requires transforming growth factor beta (TGF-), cell contact and connexin 43 (Cx43)or Cx45heterocellular gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). However, the identity of the communicated signal, the features of Cx43 required, and the possible regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated and were investigated herein. Methods & Results: To determine whether channel functionality and the major regulatory domain (the carboxyl terminus, CT) of connexin Cx43 are necessary to support EC-induced differentiation, Cx43 deficient MCs (incapable of undergoing ECinduced mural cell differentiation without re-expression of Cx43 or Cx45) were transduced with wild-type (Cx43wt), channel dead, or truncated (Cx43tr-residues 258382 deleted) versions of Cx43 and their ability to support EC-induced differentiation was assessed. Our data indicate that both channel functionality and presence of the CT domain are both necessary for EC-induced mural cell differentiation. Moreover, expression of Cx40 did not restore ability of MCs to undergo EC-induced mural cell differentiation, despite supporting GJIC. To determine whether (and which) specific regulatory sites in the carboxyl terminus are necessary for EC-induced mural cell differentiation, constructs of Cx43 with serine to alanine substitutions at the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or protein kinase C (PKC) target sites were introduced into Cx43 deficient MCs and their ability to undergo EC-induced differentiation was tested. The data indicated that the MAPK targeted serines (S255,279,2982) are necessary, while the PKC targeted serine (S368) is dispensable, for


It has been widely recognized that asymmetric information affects investment, and investment is of course in turn important to economic growth. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which asymmetric information affects economic growth, however, appears incomplete. There are two types of asymmetric information, namely, hidden information and hidden action [1]. Although Azariadis and Smith have studied how hidden information (adverse selection) may affect economic growth with a monetary growth model [3] and a non-monetary growth model [2], the effects of hidden action and costly state verification have been ignored. There have been many studies which at least suggest links between asymmetric information and economic growth. Diamond [6], Boyd and Prescott [5], and Williamson [16]' show that asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders gives rise to financial intermediation. Diamond [6] and Williamson [16] show how financial intermediation can promote economic growth by reducing monitoring costs and channeling funds to the most efficient users. Greenwood and Jovanovic [9] show how collection and analysis of information by financial intermediaries can help investors' resources to flow to the place in the economic system where the funds will yield the highest social return. Bencivenga and Smith [4] show how a reduction of the fraction of savings held in the form of unproductive liquid assets is favorable to capital accumulation and economy growth. While contributing to the literatures of financial intermediation and economic growth greatly, these studies, however, do not specifically examine the relationship of asymmetric information to economic growth. This paper attempts to explore how hidden action (moral hazard) and costly state verification affect economic growth. Hidden action is incorporated into a neoclassical growth model, in which people invest for future consumption, and investment leads to capital accumulation and, thus, economic growth. Borrowers have an informational advantage over lenders ex post concerning the outcome of investment project. Though verification can overcome such asymmetry, it is costly. The results of this paper suggest that the effect of hidden action is to alter the path of economic growth. In the neoclassical growth model without asymmetric information, the economy


The thermal conductivity (λ) of soils is an important property in a variety of science and engineering applications. One of the most widely used λ models in soil science was proposed by de Vries (deV‐0). This model is complicated and difficult to use as it is based on several controversial assumptions. The deV‐0 assumes that a soil system is composed of non‐contacting solid particles (rotated uniform ellipsoids) that are dispersed in a continuous homogeneous medium (air or water). Furthermore, deV‐0 assumes that soil solids consist of quartz and consolidated bulk minerals. These assumptions do not reflect the true nature of soils that are composed of several compacted minerals, diverse in shape and notably different in size. A critical analysis of this model concluded that its most controversial feature was inherited from an electrical conductivity model for a two‐phase dispersion system; specifically, from weighting shape factors of non‐contacting rotated oblate ellipsoids. Furthermore, deV‐0 has not yet been fully examined and verified with respect to a comprehensive and complete soil λ database. Also, there is a lack of comparable models to deV‐0 that would contain a complete set of clearly described and linked expressions. Consequently, two slightly adjusted versions of deV‐0 were developed; namely, deV‐1 with soil bulk mineralogy (quartz plus integrated residual minerals) and deV‐2 with complete soil mineralogy (i.e., including individual contributions from all soil minerals). Both models underwent successful calibration and verification against λ data of 39 Canadian field soils and three Standard sands. Markedly improved estimates (λest) were obtained when, instead of dry air thermal conductivity (λa), an apparent air thermal conductivity (λa‐app = λa + λv) was applied (λv represents thermal effects caused by migration of water vapour and evaporation/condensation processes). For deV‐1, the following reduction of standard deviation (SD) data was obtained: 53.5% for 17 coarse soils, 34% for 22 fine soils, and 44.5% for all 39 soils. Then, the same calibration factors of deV‐1 were applied to the deV‐2 model and a similar reduction of SD data was obtained (52.7, 24.1 and 40.1%, respectively). Generally, for 39 Canadian field soils, both models (deV‐1 and deV‐2), with quartz thermal conductivity (λqtz) of 7.6 W·m−1·K−1, produced very close λ estimates (SD ≈ 0.099 and 0.094 W·m−1·K−1, respectively). Taking into account the simplicity of mineral composition and fewer calibration coefficients, deV‐1 was a preferable choice. For that reason, soil bulk mineralogy appears to be a good equivalent to complete soil mineralogy. Also, for Standard sands (100% sand: C‐109, C‐190, NS‐04), improved λest were obtained by replacing λa with λa‐app. Finally, the deV‐1 model was successfully applied to 10 Chinese soils and the following average SD values were obtained: for four coarse soils 0.135 W·m−1·K−1, whereas for six fine soils 0.127 W·m−1·K−1.


Nowadays, almost every IT companies tend to use virtual machines as platform for their IT services instead of physically separated machines. This simplifies the management of the IT infrastructure and also reduces the hardware costs. However its popularity in contrast, not automatically increases its security. Virtual environment faces the same security threat as the non-virtualized. And there is also less solution for virtualized threats then non-virtualized. Hypervisor manages the virtual machines and cloud systems. Unauthorized access to a hypervisor might mean compromise of complete data. There are different kinds of attacks that can compromise security of hypervisor providing full access to malicious users such as Session Hijacking, Flooding attack and Malware injections. To address these attacks, in this paper we propose a highly secured framework for hypervisor. In particular, we enhance session hijack avoidance algorithm by using clock SYNC and query/value pairs and encrypt the data exchange to avoid other major problem i.e. data monitoring. INDEX TERMS—Cloud computing, Virtualization,


Distributed services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and Clouds are of increasing popularity. They are designed to offer powerful solutions for developing new services meeting users expectations while improving the Quality-of-Experience (QoE). It results of a growing traffic demand on network resources. In such a context, traffic optimization becomes a key challenge for both networks operators and CDN/Cloud services providers. This paper presents a cross-layer framework promoting the collaboration between the network and the service layers through a mutual exchange of information for an effective traffic optimization. CDN/Cloud service providers can expose high-level information about their needs and constraints, which helps network operators to guide them in their application-level traffic management, to best use the network resources. Our evaluation comparing the performance of our cross-layer optimization framework with other approaches demonstrates that noticeable gains can be achieved on the network utilization and the perceived quality of services.


Social self-concept is an important psychosocial in dicator of students' learning outcomes and academic performance. Hence, this stud y investigated the influence of social self-concept on academic performance of teac h r trainees in Ada and Accra Colleges of Education in Ghana. Descriptive crosssectional survey design was adopted for this study. A total of 262teacher train ees, were selected via multi-stage sampling technique for the survey. A pre-tested and contextually prepared structured questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha reliabil ity coefficient =0.80) was used to conduct the survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyse the data quantitatively using f requency count, percentage, Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis and ind ependent samples test. The findings indicate a statistically significant posit ive relationship between teacher trainees' social self-concept and their academic pe rformance (p ≤ .05). It is, therefore, recommended that academic counsellors of Accra and Ada Colleges of Education should organise guidance programmes for t rainees to equip them with the needed skills to enhance their social self-conc ept.


Objective: Potential pain relief from foot pain can come from a shoe insert foot orthotic. This study assessed foot pressure distribution and balance in off the shelf foot orthotics versus a custom made foot orthotic compared to no orthotic.
Methods: The subjects (8) were both men and women. The average age was 25.1 ± 2.8 years, the average weight was 68.8 ± 13.7 kg, and BMI 24.5 ± 6.4. Each patient was fit for both off the shelf and custom shoe insert foot orthotics and needed orthotics to reduce pain. Once fit, they were evaluated by standing and then walking 12 meters on a level surface while being monitored by a Tactilus Pressure Mapping system. Balance was also evaluated with a pressure platform during 8 balance tests.
Results: With the subjects accomplishing quiet standing, the average pressure and peak pressure was shifted from the hind foot and forefoot to the mid foot when wearing foot inserts (p<0.05). During walking, the average pressure was significantly shifted from the forefoot and hind foot to the mid foot in both orthotic groups with the greatest reduction in forefoot pressure in the off the shelf orthotic group (p<0.05). This is especially seen when measuring the peak pressures on the foot, where, during standing the peak pressures on the fore foot were 20% higher with no orthotic than seen for the 2 orthotics tested here. Balance was best in the custom orthotic group while both orthotic groups had better balance than the no orthotic studies for the most difficult balance tests. Conclusion: At least in this small group of subjects, off the shelf foot orthotics help gait or balance but custom orthotics are better.


The European Refugee Crisis was a demographic phenomenon which led millions of relatively low-skilled young refugees to flee from the Middle East and Africa into nearby Europe, with a large proportion going into countries with highly developed economies such as Germany and Sweden. This paper examines the extent to which refugees have integrated into the host labor markets since their arrival and the efforts of the host nations to successfully assimilate them in order to make them productive citizens. With consideration of demographic factors such as refugee age distributions, language adoption, and fertility rates, the analysis indicates that the refugees will cause a positive net effect of 0.8 percent and 1.3 percent on the GDP of Germany and Sweden


Development of pediatric oncology, formation and spread of specialized cancer care for children across the country is impossible without educational training of specialists ― pediatric oncologists. Academic Department of Pediatric Oncology realize postgraduate specialized training in the Russian Federation. The paper presents the History of the of Pediatric Oncology Academic Department, its capabilities, goals, objectives and future prospects. ( For citation: Polyakov V.G., Susuleva N.A., Boychenko E.I., Glekov I.V., Shishkov R.V., Valiev T.T., Nechushkina I.V., Shishkin J.V. History of pediatric oncology academic department. Onkopediatria. 2015; 2 (2): 139-144 . DOI: 10.15690/onco.v2i2.1345)


This paper relates to an automatic synchronizing system for line and frame circuits in television receivers, especially for color television. Color television is a useful area for application of logic combination with IC. Vertical automatic sync circuit is composed of APC loop and countdown circuits from line frequency with MOS IC.