SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is causing a pandemic disease that is reflected in challenging public health problems worldwide. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐based epitope prediction and its association with disease outcomes provide an important base for treatment design. A bioinformatic prediction of T cell epitopes and their restricted HLA Class I and II alleles was performed to obtain immunogenic epitopes and HLA alleles from the spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. Also, a correlation with the predicted fatality rate of hospitalized patients in 28 states of Mexico was done. Here, we describe a set of 10 highly immunogenic epitopes, together with different HLA alleles that can efficiently present these epitopes to T cells. Most of these epitopes are located within the S1 subunit of the spike protein, suggesting that this area is highly immunogenic. A statistical negative correlation was found between the frequency of HLA‐DRB1*01 and the fatality rate in hospitalized patients in Mexico.


This article discusses a MATLAB-to-C vectorizing compiler that exploits custom instructions, for example, for Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processing and instructions for complex arithmetic present in Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs). Custom instructions are represented via specialized intrinsic functions in the generated code, and the generated code can be used as input to any C/C++ compiler supporting the target processor. Furthermore, the specialized instruction set of the target processor is described in a parameterized way using a target processor-independent architecture description approach, thus allowing the support of any processor. The compiler has been used for the generation of application code for two different ASIPs for several benchmarks. The code generated by the compiler achieves a speedup between 2× --74× and 2× --97× compared to the code generated by the MathWorks MATLAB-to-C compiler. Experimental results also prove that the compiler efficiently exploits SIMD custom instructions achieving a 3.3 factor speedup compared to cases where no SIMD processing is used. Thus the compiler can be employed to reduce the development time/effort/cost and time to market through raising the abstraction of application design in an embedded systems/system-on-chip development context.


The Math-Science-Engineering Technology in Iowa on Applied Renewable Energy Areas (MSETI AREA) project aimed to provide area middle school teachers with an applied mathematics and science curriculum package based on Photo-Voltaic (PV), wind power, and hydrogen fuel-cell fundamentals. The MSETI –AREA project has established a partnership between the university and selected area middle schools for the improvement of students' mathematical and scientific skill sets, improve their technological literacy by creating an environment where they must understand and figure out relationships among basic mathematics, science and engineering technology applied to renewable energy fields in order to mentor and manage effectively, and to give them a professional skill-set for successfully applying mathematics and science to technical projects with diverse teams throughout their careers. The use of a number of renewable energy and energy efficiency based hands-on projects will also promote mathematics and science for middle school teachers and students.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore some issues related to enhancing the quality of educational services provided by a university in the agenda of integrating quality assurance activities and strategic management procedures. Design/methodology/approach – Employing multiple regression analysis the author has examined some factors that are supposed to have an impact on student satisfaction and student motivation in the integrated educational environment. Findings – The results of the two-phase empirical research performed in two higher education institutions indicate that student satisfaction and student motivation can be modelled on a number of predictors, which are associated with several indicators related to various aspects of the integrated educational environment. Research limitations/implications – The sample in this study included two higher education institutions. Future study with a more diverse student population and the refined scale items is recommended to verify and generalize th...


This chapter focuses on Thomas Aquinas' analysis of evil in On Evil to respond to three questions: (1) how does Aquinas conceptualise the relationship between good and evil? (2) what does Aquinas understand by the notion of original sin? And (3) what role does the body play in Aquinas' conception of evil? The argument developed shows that, while Aquinas is influenced by Augustine, he departs from Augustine in a number of subtle, but important ways, particularly relating to the relationship between good and evil and, linked to this, his conceptualisation of the body and, indeed, the role that the body plays in his analysis.


Objective To summarize the procedure and method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support donation after brain death followed by cardiac death (DBCD).Method The clinical data,the selected standard and the organ procurement procedure of 39 DBCD cases were retrospectively analyzed from January 2009 to December 2012 in our liver transplantation center,including 30 males and 9 females with the mean age and mean BMI of 28.1 ± 10.2 and 21.3 ± 2.5 respectively.The primary diseases included head trauma (29 cases),intracranial bleeding (8 cases),and anoxia (2 cases).The mean DRI was 1.27 ± 0.28.ECMO was introduced in all the donors.Result The mean length of ECMO time was 161 77 min.The initial,balance and reperfusion value of ECMO volume was 3.14 ± 0.24,1.76 ± 0.58 and 3.10 ± 0.48 L/min respectively.All the donors had no warm ischemia time.The TBIL and ALT showed no significant difference in all the donors when estimated,before the ECMO started and before the organ procurement,but the Cr was increased and urine output decreased significantly.All the donated organs included 38 livers,and 78 kidneys.Thirty-seven cases of liver transplantation and 64 cases of kidney transplantation were performed finally.One liver out of the 38 cases was unused due to the positive HbsAg,and 14 kidneys unused due to renal insufficiency and kidney stones.Condusion There is no dispute in the ethics Committee and all the donor's family members about the usage of ECMO.The ECMO support DBCD could well control the warm ischemia,and obtain satisfactory curative effect of transplantation.

Key words:
Organ donation;  Dornors;  Brain death;  Cardiac death;  ECMO;  Procedure


AUTHOR Haber, Paul A. L. TITLE Our Future Selves: A Research Plan Toward Understanding Aging. Report on the Panel on Research on Human Services and Delivery Systems. INSTITUTION National Inst. on Aging' (DREW/PRS), Bethesda, Md. SPONS AGENCY Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ' N1H-78-1443 PUB DATE (78] NOTE 29p.; For related documents see CG 013 857 and ED 147 667c AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent cf Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402


The paper introduces a systematic approach to the design of microwave oscillators, whereby the capabilities of state-of-the-art nonlinear CAD techniques are fully exploited. A true numerical optimization yields the active device bias point and the embedding network topology for optimum oscillator performance. The harmonic content of the oscillator waveforms and the actual frequency dependence of the linear subnetwork are accounted for with no limitations. A global stability analysis of the optimized circuit ensures both the operating-point stability and the oscillation buildup in the biased network.


The indications, complications, mortality, and patency rates of 53 femorofemoral (F-F) bypass grafts during a 10-year period were analyzed. Forty-two of the 53 (79%) procedures were for atherosclerotic disease (Group I): 16 (38%) F-F grafts alone, nine (21%) with iliac artery balloon angioplasty (IABA), 13 (31%) with femorodistal (F-D) bypass, and four (10%) with both IABA and F-D bypass. Eleven of the 53 (21%) patients with acute ischemia were treated with F-F grafts alone after intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) (Group II). Two (4%) occlusions occurred within 30 days in F-F grafts performed with F-D grafts, and seven (13%) occluded late. The cumulative patency rate for F-F grafts alone was 72% at 5 years and 59% at 10 years, and for F-F grafts with additional procedures was 24% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years. Total cumulative patency rate for 5 years was 60%. The 30-day mortality rate was 6%; the 5-year mortality rate was 17% (9/53), and the cumulative 10-year mortality rate was 42% (22/53).


Objective To summarize our experience on application of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) in treating symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods The clinical data of 800 symptomatic BPH patients who underwent TUPKP from March 2006 to February 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The mean operation time was (51±22) min;the mean weight of resected prostate glands was (56±18) g (ranging 15-110 g);the washing time after operation was (36±10) h;and the extubating time was (4.0±1.5) d.The international prostate symptom score (IPSS) decreased from 23.6±4.5 to 4.8±3.5.Quality of life decreased from 5.9±1.8 to 1.8±0.6.Five patients had transurethral resection syndrome,49 had urethral stenosis,and 6 had overhydration.There was one sudden death,2 cases of phelbothrombosis of lower extremity,and 21 cases of urinary tract infection.Conclusion TUPKP is a safe and effective treatment for the BPH patients,but improvement of surgical technique is needed and perioperative management should be strengthened.(Shanghai Med J,2010,33:357-359)


A kind of stochastic optimization problem described by backward stochastic differential equation is considered.At first,the backward variztional method is introduced.Then,without the convex properties assumed on their coeffcents,a necessary condition of the optimal objective is obtained by applying Ekeland Variational principle.


The current paper deals with the re-processing of mineralised mine waste from magnesite processing operations aiming at the recovery of the value. Two cases of mineralised waste were examined. First, waste derived from the removal of "fine" before hand-sorting, with particle size of -40 mm; this waste is usually stockpiled, comprises mostly of relatively coarse particles and is of relatively high-grade in magnesite. The separation methods applied were sorting, sink-float tests and magnetic separation. In general, the results from the application of physical separation methods were satisfactory. Commercial concentrates were obtained from sorting with MgCO3-grade ranging between 94 and 97% MgCO3 and yield about 46%; in case of mixing concentrate with middling, yield rises to 58-64% while grade slightly drops to 91-94%. Equally satisfactory were the results from sink-float separation at sp.gr. 2.88 (grade 95%, yield 45%) but questions arise from the small sp.gr. difference of magnesite and gangues. Finally, the less satisfactory results obtained from magnetic separation (grade around 80-85%, yield 33-65%) may be due to inefficient particles liberation and higher magnetic field is maybe required. Second, mineralised waste consisting of fine particles from size reduction operations were tested. These fines were processed with selective magnetic coating as well as co-agglomeration / magnetic separation techniques. In general, the results of physicochemical processing of fines were very encouraging both on single minerals and their artificial mixtures. In case of magnetic coating, the effect of pH, collector concentration and kerosene dose was studied first on single minerals. Optimum results were obtained for pH=9, dodecylamine solution 4.5x10-5 M and kerosene 2.5 L/t. Tests on artificial mineral mixtures at optimum conditions and magnetic separation at 0.8 A resulted in non-magnetic product with MgCO3-grade higher than 99%. The parameters examined in co-agglomeration / magnetic separation tests were the same as with magnetic coating. Best conditions for co-agglomeration on single minerals were pH=8, dodecylamine 2 kg/t, kerosene 4 L/t. Tests on mineral mixture reveals that the MgCO3-grade increases with dodecylamine but the yield drops.


The paper presents the co-crystal screening study of carbamazepine (CBZ) and ibuprofen (IBU) as a co-crystal former (CCF) using non-stoichiometric (solid addition of CBZ to saturated solution of co-crystal former (CCF) and stoichiometric (1:1 mol of CBZ and CCF) methods. In the non-stoichiometric method, CBZ-IBU co-crystal was prepared in various solvents and left to equilibrate in three conditions; stagnant, manually agitated and shaking in 72 hours whereas in the stoichiometric method, evaporation, solvent drop grinding and dry grinding were used. The crystals produced from the screening process were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The co-crystal of CBZ-IBU was found to have successfully formed via the non-stoichiometric method in formic acid. DSC analysis revealed that the remaining crystals produced were either CBZ or IBU as indicated by their respective melting point.


Objective: To evaluate the effects and indications of two kind of balloon cahteters (Polythene and Inoue) in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome,Methods: A total of 52 patients with pasthepatic inferior vena cave (IVC) obstruction syndrome were treated by PTA with Polythene. Inoue balloon catheters respectively. Stent was inserted in 12 cases. IVC pressure and right atrial pressure were measured, and pressure gradients were calculated before and after PTA. Results: The diameter of TVC was increased from 1. 9±0. 4 mm to 19. 5 ±6. 5 mm after PTA. The residual pressure gradient after PTA was 0. 77±0. 32 kPa in Polythene 18 mm group. 0. 62±0. 53 kPa in 20 mm Polythene group, 0. 34±0. 27 kPa in Inoue 24 mm group and 0. 32 ±0. 28 kPa in Inoue 26 mm group respectively. Conclusion: PTA (or companied by stent) is an effective treatment for poslhepatic inferior vena cava obstruction. Large balloon selection and effective dilation are key factors for the effect improvement and rcstenosis prevention.


In 2007, the Association for Information Systems created a basket of eight journals that claim to bound the discipline. A review of the literature found 41 studies discussing the impact of the basket on scholarly publishing. While the basket of eight has had a positive impact on the impact factors for Information Systems, an increase that has not appeared in the LIS journal set, a review of citations finds a steady increase in the number of basket of eight journals being cited within the basket of eight. This paper discusses the impact the basket of eight has had on cited references.


A series of Cu/SiO2 and Mg-Cu/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by different Sol-gel(Cu(NO3)2-Si(OR)4) method and impregnation(Mg(NO3)2) method.Based on the experimental results of activity evaluation,the catalytic performances of catalysts for NO+CO reaction were investigated.The results indicated that among Mg-Cu/SiO2(c)catalysts,the optimum loading amount of Mg and Cu were 3% and 2% respectively.The conversion of NO to N2 over Mg-Cu/SiO2 catalyst was 100% at 250℃,GHSV 34000-1h.


The generation and development of microcracks of SiCp/Al materials in the machining process were researched, and the forming causes and mechanism of the cut surface morphology for ap=0.2 mm or ap=0.4 mm and at 2 m/min~10 m/min were systematically analyzed. The supporting and "floor"roles of aluminum are wake at a shallower cutting depth and a lower speed, the SiC particles are shed under the role of cutting force, and the microcrack size of cut surface is larger. With the increase in the cutting depth and the cutting speed, the cutting temperature increases, the supporting and "floor" roles of aluminum are enhanced, the shedding and fracture of the reinforcement particles are flexible under the action of the cutting force, the fracture of cutting transforms from brittle to ductile, and the expansion of microcrack on the entire surface tends to balance with a smaller size. A curve between the cutting force and the cutting speed was plotted, a microcrack form of the cut surface was given, and some theoretical basis is provided for the mechanical processing and the surface quality.


The article describes the main approaches for assessing the robustness of navigation and motion control systems and their capabilities in the synthesis of a robust controller.


In recent years, Ga(0.5)In(0.5)P/GaAs cells have drawn increased attention both because of their high efficiencies and because they are well suited for space applications. They can be grown and processed as two-junction devices with roughly twice the voltage and half the current of GaAs cells. They have low temperature coefficients, and have good potential for radiation hardness. The authors have previously reported the effects of electron irradiation on test cells which were not optimally designed for space. From those results they estimated that an optimally designed cell could achieve 20 percent after irradiation with 10(exp 15) cm(exp -2) 1 MeV electrons. Modeling studies predicted that slightly higher efficiencies may be achievable. Record efficiencies for EOL performance of other types of cells are significantly lower. Even the best Si and InP cells have BOL efficiencies lower than the EOL efficiency they report here. Good GaAs cells have an EOL efficiency of 16 percent. The InP/Ga(0.5)In(0.5)As two-junction, two-terminal device has a BOL efficiency as high as 22.2 percent, but radiation results for these cells were limited. In this study the authors use the previous modeling and irradiation results to design a set of Ga(0.5)In(0.5)P/GaAs cells that will demonstrate the importance of themore » design parameters and result in high-efficiency devices. They report record AMO efficiencies: a BOL efficiency of 25.7 percent for a device optimized for BOL performance and two of different designs with EOL efficiencies of 19.6 percent (at 10(exp 15) cm(exp -2) 1 MeV electrons). They vary the bottom-cell base doping and the top-cell thickness to show the effects of these two important design parameters. They get an unexpected result indicating that the dopant added to the bottom-cell base also increases the degradation of the top cell.« less


The study ascertained principals' leadership practices for successful achievement of secondary education goals in Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all the 263 principals in the state government owned schools in Anambra State. They were all used for the study. Data was collected using a 33-item researchers' developed instrument titled "Principals Leadership Practices Questionnaire". Data analysis was done using arithmetic mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that principals' administrative, curriculum and disciplinary roles are the leadership practices for successful achievement of secondary education goals. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that State Education Board should develop and equip principals in administrative, curriculum and disciplinary management skills


Objective:To explore the relationship between the ischemic stroke and preeclampsia or eclampsia,evaluate the monitoring value of D-dimer,platelet,fibrinogen of patients with ischemic stroke in pregnancy.Methods:Etiological factors of 19 cases with ischemic stroke in pregnancy and their incidences of preeclampsia or eclampsia were analysed retrospectively,then the morbidity of preeclampsia or eclampsia and levels of D-dimer,platelet,fibrinogen between 19 cases and 50 healthy pregnant women were compared.Results:Ischemic stroke in pregnancy was correlative to preeclampsia or eclampsia.The plasma level of D-dimer in 19 cases was significantly higher than that in healthy pregnant women(P0.05),but there was no difference in levels of platelet and fibrinogen between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Prevention of preeclampsia or eclampsia might decrease the morbidity of ischemic stroke in pregnancy.The level of D-dimer is of important in predicting and monitoring ischemic stroke in pregnancy,while the levels of platelet and fibrinogen are not significant value.


This article describes the logistics approach, which through the use of transport technologies solves the problem of optimal organization of unbalanced transportation of goods on transport networks. This situation often arises when the volume of deliveries of goods from its suppliers exceeds the capacity of warehouses of its consumers. In this case, we are faced with the need to use intermediate points for the temporary storage of surplus cargo and as a consequence of a multi-stage transport task. The object of research is the process of freight management on transport networks. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of decision-making on freight transport management on transport networks with the use of information technology. Research methods - the method of reducing the network representation of freight into a matrix model and the method of potentials to find the optimal plan of freight. The matrix of transport correspondence between suppliers, consumers and intermediate points is not set explicitly, but simply introduced a map of their location, ie the transport task is set using the transport network. With the help of the modified Dijkstra method, the shortest routes between suppliers and consumers of cargo are found on the transport network, as well as between them and intermediate points for temporary storage of excess cargo. The optimal plan of cargo transportation is calculated with the help of the designed software and tool complex, which combines the stage of reduction of the network representation of the scheme of cargo delivery to the tabular form and the stage of planning and further implementation of mass cargo transportation on the transport network. KEY WORDS: FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORT NETWORK, MULTI-STAGE TRANSPORT TASK, OPTIMIZATION, SOFTWARE-INSTRUMENT COMP.


To realize the automation of baking flue-cured tobacco,the automatic control system of the reciprocating pushing burner having bituminous coal is designed.Some control methods are introduced that pushing the coal automatically,guarding against burning back,pushing the coal excessively.


Kenya like many of the African states is a multiethnic nation. Conflict always arises as a result of the unequal distribution of national resources among ethnic communities. While ethnicity has featured prominently in most studies on Kenya, the majority of them have used ethnicity to explain conflicts and political trends in the country. Very few studies have, however, focused on the efforts to promote national cohesion and integration in Kenya. The study argued that the challenge of identity in Kenya had been exacerbated by failure in nation-building and the creation of a national identity. This paper seeks to unearth how ethnic conflict in Kenya has impeded national cohesion and integration. In order to adequately answer the above subject under the study, the researcher will be led by this objective; to find out the extent to which dynamics of ethnic conflict have impeded national cohesion and integration in Kenya from 1963 to 2007. In order to adequately answer this objective, the study adopted a qualitative approach by critically analysing the available literature on the subject matter to reach a logical conclusion. The paper found that since its independence in 1963, Ethnic conflicts have been perfected and formed patronage that has been to the detriment of Kenya's nationhood. The paper concludes that unless there is political goodwill to reframe socioeconomic policies that would in turn lead to equitable distribution of national resources among all ethnic groups and tame human nature through instilling national ethos, the initiatives for national cohesion and integration will be in vain


A low-waste needle and syringe assembly for injecting a fluid into a patient is provided. The syringe has hatch marks printed on the outer wall of the body to indicate the amount of fluid and/or the concentration of the fluid contained in a fluid chamber of the syringe. A syringe tip defining a substantially frusto-conical interior void extends from an end wall of the syringe. A needle hub holds a needle and is configured so that the hub can be selectively, securedly attached to the syringe. A frusto-conical member of the needle hub matingly engages the frusto-conical void of the syringe tip when the hub is secured to the syringe, forming a fluid-tight seal. A plunger positioned in the fluid chamber can be depressed, and a piston cap attached to the plunger urges fluid in the chamber out of the chamber through the syringe tip and into the needle.


In certain members of the Accipitridae, the basal phalanges (1 and 2) of the inner toe (digit II) are fused to form a single functional unit. Although this condition has in the past been considered to have taxonomic significance, I have found that all the literature concerning the distribution of this character is either incomplete or inaccurate. As this appears to be a uniquely derived character that can perhaps be used to define a small, monopbyletic group within the large and diverse family of hawks and eagles, it is of particular value because the intrafamilial systematic^ of the Accipitridae have been very poorly documented. Therefore, I conducted a comprehensive survey of the osteology of the bones of the inner toe in the Accipitridae in order to determine more precisely which taxa possess the fused condition of the phalanges.


Although algorithmic modeling tools have become a popular means of generating complex geometric forms, the potential of generative algorithms should not be limited to geometric intentions. However,...


Localized moments and magnetic interactions were studied in the Fe-doped layer compounds Fe/sub x/TaSe/sub 2/ and Fe/sub x/NbSe/sub 2/ for .01 less than x less than .10. For small x the Fe impurities carry a localized magnetic moment as indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements and, in a number of cases, Kondo-like behavior is observed in the transport properties. At larger values of x there is evidence for an ordered magnetic state at low temperatures.


Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major predictor of exercise tolerance and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The confirmatory and gold standard is the right heart catheterization. Noninvasive, simple and readily available parameters to frequently monitor patients with COPD are much needed. Objective To evaluate various clinical and investigational parameters such as BMI, airway obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise [BODE index capacity by 6-minutes walking test (6MWT)], computed tomography (CT) pulmonary artery/ascending aorta ratio (PA/AO), and serum ghrelin in patients with COPD with elevated PA pressures in different disease stages. Patient and methods A total of 40 patients with stable COPD were classified into two groups, group I patients without PH and group II patients with PH, according to echocardiographic measures. All patients are subjected to calculation of BODE index, serum ghrelin levels, and CT PA/AO. Results There was a significant difference between both groups regarding BODE index, PA/AO, serum ghrelin level, and post-MWT O2 saturation. There were positive significant correlations between the mean PA pressure and BODE index, PA/AO ratio, and serum ghrelin level. However, there were negative significant correlations regarding resting PaO2, post-6MWT O2, and pulmonary function tests. The cutoff value of PA/AO ratio was 0.84 in diagnosing PH with 95% sensitivity and 80% specificity, and the cutoff value of serum ghrelin level was 1694 ng/l in diagnosing PH with 98% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Conclusion BODE index, CT PA/AO ratio, post-6MWT oxygen saturation, and serum ghrelin level are useful noninvasive predictors for PH. A cutoff point of PA/AO of 0.84 and ghrelin of more than 1712 ng/l can be used for detection of elevated PA pressures in those patients.


The measures aimed at curbing the impact of the pandemic focus on the development of academic activities in the modality of distance learning. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the dimensions that underlie the impact of distributed learning environments mediated by ubiquitous technology in a sample of 204 students from third to fifth grade of secondary school, belonging to two educational institutions of basic education, Alfonso Ugarte and Gloriosa Legion Caceres from the Local Educational Management Unit UGEL 06, Lima, Peru. The results showed that students do not have the necessary conditions for the development of their academic activities during this pandemic with little motivation and commitment to the effective achievement of their learning.


Fibrillation-like beating of cardiac muscle cells in culture was induced by altering the concentrations of various ions. Fine structural changes of cell membrane and intercellular alteration of cardiac muscle cells appeared to be more prominent in cells with fibrilliation-like beating than in others. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that fibrillation-like beating may occur in the presence of altered concentrations of certain ions, accompanied by fine structural changes in the cells.


Aminoglycoside‐phosphotransferases contain several conserved amino acid sequence motifs. Using hydroxylamine we have obtained five independent missense mutations within the aphA‐2 gene of transposon Tn5. Four of the mutations dramatically reduced antibiotic resistance. Two were identical and included the replacement of His‐188 with Tyr. One other resulted from the replacement of Gly‐189 with Asp. These three mutations map within the first of the conserved motifs. The replacement of Asp‐261 with Asn maps to the third of these structural motifs. A mutation diminishing but not eliminating aminoglycoside resistance resulted from replacement of the conserved Val‐36 with Met. By site‐directed mutagenesis three additional mutants were obtained: His‐188 was replaced with Leu and Ser, and Arg‐211 within the second conserved motif was substituted by Gly. All three showed reduced levels of resistance to kanamycin. Our results show that these conserved motifs are essential for the biological activity of aminoglycoside phosphotransferases.


This paper investigates the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode of a vortical radio wave generated by a circular antenna array. Theoretical formulations of the radiation fields are deduced, and factors affecting the mode distribution are identified. Because the array antenna cannot ideally generate a pure mode, two indicators, namely, the fundamental mode energy ratio and the degree of intensity deviation, are defined to evaluate the quality of the radiated vortex beams. The relationship between mode purity and the array parameters, OAM mode number and elevation angle, is shown through both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Given a threshold of mode purity, the boundary of the pure mode region is determined, and the minimum number of elements is obtained to ensure that the main lobe is located in the pure region. An  ${X}$ -band experimental setup for vortical radio beams is created, and the radiation field is measured to validate the theoretical results. The theoretical analysis can benefit the array design and application of vortical radio waves.


The present research addresses the notion that the compatibility of skills and task demands involved in a given activity elicits a flow experience that renders the respective activity rewarding. The study employed an experimental paradigm to document the causal impact of skills–demands compatibility on the emergence of flow and revealed that participants characterized by a strong internal locus of control (LOC) were most sensitive to the manipulation of skills–demands compatibility and experienced flow under conditions of a fit of skills and task demands, whereas individuals with a weak internal LOC did not enter the state of flow. In line with previous findings, this suggests that distinct personality attributes are of critical relevance for the experience of flow to emerge. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Qingjin Desheng Tablets on inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells and to supply experimental evidences for Chinese herbal medicine preventing and curing lung cancer in clinical application .Methods Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the activity of telomerase and the expression of bcl-2 and bax in human lung adenocarcinoma cells after treated with serum containing Qingjin Desheng Tablets.Results The activity of telomerase was inhibited significantly and the positive rate of bcl-2 protein reduced,and the positive rate of bax2 increased in human lung adenocarcinoma cells after 72 hour-treatment with the serum containing Qingjin Desheng Tablets.Conlusion Qingjin Desheng Tablets exert the anti-tumor action through inhibiting the activity of telomerace and modulating the expression of bcl-2 and bax protein.


: To assess the effectiveness of an integrated online and offline learning paradigm for obstetrics and gynecology instruction, 80 clinical medical students were polled using a questionnaire. As a consequence, the majority of students are capable of mastering the online-offline seamless learning mode; half of students prefer the online-offline seamless learning mode, and a small percentage of students accept it. The use of online and offline seamless learning modalities in obstetrics and gynecology education can help students develop their capacity for active learning, train their clinical thinking and operating abilities, and enhance learning effects. The mix of online and offline seamless learning modes, as well as conventional mode, produces an atmosphere and circumstances for learning at any time in obstetrics and gynecology. "Clinical" learning maximizes students' primary involvement, develops their capacity for active learning, improves students' clinical thinking and clinical operating abilities, considerably increases the learning effect, and creates a solid basis for future clinical work.


The diploid heterozygous yeast Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infection. Here, we report the genome sequence assembly of the clinical oral isolate 529L. As this isolate grows as a commensal, this genome will serve as a reference for experimental and genetic studies of mucosal colonization. ABSTRACT The diploid heterozygous yeast Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infection. Here, we report the genome sequence assembly of the clinical oral isolate 529L. As this isolate grows as a commensal, this genome will serve as a reference for experimental and genetic studies of mucosal colonization.


There is some evidence suggesting that eyebrow movements may have linguistic functions in communication, but research in this area has been scarce. This study tested the hypothesis that eyebrow raises (BRs) are unequally distributed across different types of conversational move, which may indicate they have linguistic communicative functions. Multiple regression analysis of six taskoriented dialogues between native speakers of British English showed that the variance in the distribution of BRs across moves was mainly explained by the duration of the move. Longer moves had more BRs and longer total brow raising. However, move type could also account for a significant part of the variance in the distribution of BRs. Instructions had significantly more BRs and longer total brow raising than other types of moves. There was also some speaker variation. Future analyses will look at the distribution of BRs across higher levels of dialogue structure. It is hoped that this research will eventually provide useful information for more efficient engineering of multimodal communication systems. THIS PAPER IS CURRENTLY UNDER REVISION. THE FINAL VERSION WILL BE AVAILABLE VERY SOON AT THIS SITE. Please do not quote without permission.


AbstractSurvival rate, growth and feed intake were deter-minedforlatejuveniles(4.31 0.18 g) of river prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii in freshwater with totalammonia-N (NH 3 -N1NH 4 -N) concentrations of0.015 (control),0.5,1.0 and1.5mgL 1 for 60 days atpH 7.53 0.04 and temperature 24.0 2.5 1C. Sur-vival rate was signi¢cantly (Po0.05) lower(54 4.2^70 35.4%) for total ammonia concentra-tions from 0.5 to1.5mgL 1 [0.0139^0.0419 mg L 1 of unionized ammonia (NH 3 )]. Growth (0.026^0.030gday 1 range) of the prawns did not diierfor the diierent NH 3 levels but were signi¢-cantly (Po0.05) lower compared with control(0.056gday 1 ). Feed intake rates also diminishedsigni¢cantly (Po0.05) from 77.60 2.45% atcontrol (0.015mgL 1 NH 3 -N) to 48.69 2.13% at1.5 mg L 1 NH 3 -N(0.0419mgL 1 ofunionizedNH 3 ).Keywords: ammonia-N, growth, feed intake,MacrobrachiumrosenbergiiIntroductionMacrobrachium rosenbergii, being the largest amongriver prawns, enjoy a unique position from the cul-ture point of view.The culture of river prawn M. ro-senbergii has achieved tremendous popularity as analternative foreign exchange earner in place ofshrimp. India is the second largest contributorof theriver prawn M. rosenbergiiin the world market. Dur-ing the last 5 years the freshwater prawn farmingsector has witnessed overwhelming growth with asmuchas24000haadditionalarea,growingtoabout37000ha with production over 30450tonnes va-lued at Rs. 5846 million compared with 12022haproducing7140tonnesin1999^2000.Productionef-¢ciency improved from 594 to 879kgha


The paper presents the current development of the Generalized Intelligent Grinding Advisory System (GIGAS), which provides a systematic way of modelling complex grinding processes and finding optimal process conditions while meeting the general class of process requirements. GIGAS provides a way of incorporating three different types of knowledge, including analytical models, experimental data and heuristic knowledge from experts, to describe complex grinding processes. The developed optimization algorithm can handle various optimization problems including different grinding processes and optimization objectives. Case studies are presented for surface grinding and cylindrical plunge-grinding with various optimization objectives to demonstrate its capability of performing optimization. The overall architecture and the developed software with the graphical user interface are described.


Quality of life is related to the welfare of the elderly, where the indicators can be seen through a person's physical, psychological and social relationships seen simultaneously. The initial survey showed that 56.3% of elderly people whose quality of life were not good in the work area of Puskesmas in Ulak Tano, Paluta Regency received family support and 68.7% always came to Posyandu. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between active elderly Posyandu visits and family support (informational support, appreciation support, instrumental support and emotional support) with the quality of life of the elderly in the work area of Puskesmas in Ulak Tano, Paluta Regency, 2019. The research design used was cross sectional. The population in this study were all elderly in the work area of the Puskesmas in Ulak Tano, Paluta Regency, 2019 as many as 949 elderly. The sample was all elderly who live in the work area of Puskesmas in Ulak Tano and registered at the Puskesmas in Ulak Tano, 2019. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling totaling 196 elderly. Data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables related to the quality of life of the elderly were appreciation support (p=0.025), instrumental support (p=0.048) and emotional support (p=0.024). Meanwhile, the variables that were not related to the quality of life of the elderly were active elderly Posyandu visits (p=0.420) and informational support (p=0.576). From the results of the multivariate analysis, the most dominant variable related to the quality of life of the elderly was appreciation support with Exp (B) of 2.049 (95% CI 1,140-3,684) meaning that the elderly who received appreciation support, the opportunity to have a good quality of life was 2.049 times greater than with the unsupported. It is recommended that the Health Officer at Puskesmas in Ulak Tano pay more attention to the quality of life of the elderly in the working area of the Puskesmas, and increase family involvement in caring for the elderly.


One desired quality attribute of software is software modularity which is a degree to which the software is decomposed into loosely couple packages. Each software package consists of highly cohesive classes. When the software is modified due to software changes, the modularity of the software is affected. The software needs to be remodularized in order to maintain its modularity. This paper proposes an approach to remodularize the software using Tabu search for improving the modularity of the modified software. An evaluation is conducted with two examples and the results of a preliminary evaluation are reported.


By Mg doping of ZnS, the lattice constants and the band gap of Zn1−XMgXS host material were increased. The emission spectrum of Mn in Zn1−XMgXS shifted to shorter wavelengths than that of ZnS:Mn. The electroluminescent (EL) devices fabricated with the source of X=0.32 show 552 nm peak yellowish–green emission. Deposition conditions for the Zn1−XMgXS:Mn phosphor layer were optimized to obtain bright emission. As a result, the Zn1−XMgXS:Mn EL devices have a luminance of 282–333 cd/m2 which is as high as that of the conventional ZnS:Mn EL devices.


In this paper based on the definitions of real subgaussian variable and complex subgaussian variable,four criterions of subgaussian variable are obtained,then the integrability of eλ|F|2 for random function F is disussed,which is defined by subgaussian series.


During the last decade, the classical view of a protein existing in equilibrium between discrete conformational states has undergone a radical transformation. Experimental observations, particularly those obtained from NMR-detected hydrogen/deuterium exchange, indicate that even under native conditions proteins need to be considered as complex statistical ensembles (see for example refs. 1–13). In the view pioneered by Englander and coworkers (1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14) proteins undergo local unfolding reactions scattered throughout their entire structures. These unfolding reactions occur independently of each other, may involve only a few amino acids, and give rise to a large number of states in which each state is defined by the presence of one or several locally unfolded regions. This collection of states defines the native-state ensemble. The immediate, and perhaps most relevant, consequence of these observations is that the Gibbs energy of stabilization of a protein is not uniformly distributed throughout its three-dimensional structure. There are regions with high stability constants and regions with low stability constants (13, 15). Furthermore, under native conditions cooperativity appears to be local or regional rather than global. The implications of these findings have been mostly discussed in relation to the protein folding problem; however, their biological implications are tremendous because the native state is the functionally relevant state. If cooperativity is local or regional rather than global, how do distal sites communicate with each other? How do regulatory allosteric interactions take place? How are the functional properties of a protein related to the distribution of states within the native ensemble, and how does ligand binding affect this distribution and modulate function? Is the location of stable and unstable regions a random event or it is dictated by functional considerations? How are protein function and stability related?


A floral survey of the Lorain County Metro Parks and non-park areas was conducted from mid-March to mid-September 1993 to aid in the development of management plans. A total of 734 species was documented for the county. Of these, 687 of the 1,229 (55.9%) historically recorded species were vouchered, along with 47 new species not previously recorded. The new species are presented in this report. This brings the number of floral species of the county to at least 1,276 species. OHIO J. SCI. 95 (4): 300-302, 1995 INTRODUCTION Lorain County is located in north central Ohio, on the southern coast of Lake Erie. In 1990, a total of 271,126 people occupied the 316, 474 acres of the county (Carney 1993). The northern portion of the county is urbanized with 47% of the population found in two cities while the central and southern areas are relatively unpopulated. This southern portion of the county is predominantly composed of agricultural fields. A detailed vascular flora of Lorain County has never been published. Ives (1940) examined the county's woody flora in 1940s. Camden (Bog) Lake, in Camden Township, was recently evaluated by Mossman (1972). The best, most complete reference for the floral species found in the county is Andreas' study of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau region of Ohio (1989). A total of 1,229 species and six varieties were reported. White (1982) divided Lorain County into the northern Lake Plain, the central and western Till Plains, and the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. The Plateau was defined as the western boundary of the Allegheny Front Escarpment. Andreas (1989) included the Plateau and much of White's Till Plain area in her evaluation of vascular species. The flora of the Lake Plain region was also included in Andreas' Appendix A. Thus, virtually all of the county was included in Andreas' report (1989). In 1993, the Lorain County Metro Parks began to record the floristic communities of the different reservations to aid in the development of management plans. In doing so, a listing of flora of the reservations and the county was begun. Though the concentration was on reservations, unique plants from elsewhere in the county were also included. This paper includes the initial inventory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five to six weekly surveys were conducted from midMarch to mid-September of 1993. These surveys were conducted by random wandering trips to visit all the different habitats and all park reservations (Fig. 1). These were visited during the different seasons of the year. Special attention was given to areas that were previously under-explored. Non-park areas were less frequently visited and included the Lake Erie shoreline, Camden 'Manuscript received 29 August 1994 and in revised form 20 January 1995 OBN94-20). FIGI HI-: 1. Main Lorain County Metro Park survey areas in Lorain County, OH: 1) Vermilion River, 2) French Creek, 3) Black River, 4) North Ridgeville, 5) Rail Trail, 6) Carlisle, 7) Indian Hollow, 8) Camden (Bog) Lake, 9) Wellington Creek, 10) Charlemont. Lake, railway right-of-ways, roadsides, urban areas, and private lands. A specimen of each new plant observed was collected, and a voucher specimen was made. These were deposited in the herbaria of the Lorain County Metro Parks (LC), Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CM), and/or the Cleveland State University (CS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 734 species were found in the six months of the study (Walters 1994 contains a complete list). Of the total, 687 were included in the 1,229 reported listed by Andreas (1989) as being present in the county. Therefore, 47 species had not been listed in the most recently published account for the county. These additions are itemized (Table 1) by species with relative abundance, OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIKNCE T. L. WALTERS 301


Studies of iron oxide deposition on Alloy-800 heat exchanger tubes have been part of a continuing research program at the University of New Brunswick (UNB); the present work formulates mechanisms for the effect of bubbles on deposition in water under boiling conditions. To supplement results from earlier deposition experiments in a fouling loop at UNB, measurements of bubble frequency and departure diameter as a function of heat flux were performed. High-speed movies of bubbling air/water systems indicated that a pumping action moved particles from adjacent areas at the surface to bubble nucleation sites. To explain the observations, the model considers deposition and concomitant removal. Deposition includes microlayer evaporation and filtration through the porous deposit. The deposit is sparse in the first stage, when the dominant process is microlayer evaporation including particle trapping and pumping, creating spots of deposit. Filtration becomes more important as the deposit thickens to a stage when microlayer evaporation becomes negligible. Chimney effects then control. Turbulence due to detaching and collapsing bubbles affects removal. In subcooled boiling, collapsing bubbles generate enough turbulence to maintain much of the deposit labile, while in bulk boiling bubble detachment from the nucleation site is dominant and a smaller portion of the deposit is labile and subject to removal. Model predictions are presented and shown to agree quite well with experimental data.


Large-scale hospitals of the third class are overcrowded,which means more hours of waiting and there are some artificial factors causing unfairness in seeking medical treatment,which makes more trouble for the patients.Combining with the existing problems in outpatient,the writer suggests feasible solutions to optimize process of seeking medical treatment and improve efficiency of medical service.


The present invention is a swash plate 1, the connecting rod 2, short swash plate 3, the insulating sleeve 4, a short swash plate support member 5, whose essential feature is the very bottom with a mud hopper, a lateral flow completely alleviate the inclined plate settling devices water flow along the bottom of the short-circuit problem. Upper portion of the multilayered precipitate device, two adjacent inclined lateral flow direction is opposite to the swash plate. The precipitate was precipitated device high efficiency, good water quality, good stability of the equipment, and material savings.


PURPOSE
The safety of chronic implantation of a retinal prosthesis in the suprachoroidal space has not been established. This study aimed to determine the safety of a wide-field suprachoroidal electrode array following chronic implantation using histopathologic techniques and electroretinography.

METHODS
A platinum electrode array in a wide silicone substrate was implanted unilaterally in the suprachoroidal space in adult cats (n = 7). The lead and connector were tunneled out of the orbit and positioned subcutaneously. Postsurgical recovery was assessed using fundus photography and electroretinography (ERG). Following 3 months of passive implantation, the animals were terminated and the eyes assessed for the pathologic response to implantation.

RESULTS
The implant was mechanically stable in the suprachoroidal space during the course of the study. The implanted eye showed a transient increase in ERG response amplitude at 2 weeks, which returned to normal by 3 months. Pigmentary changes were observed at the distal end of the implant, near the optic disc. Histopathologic assessment revealed a largely intact retina and a thin fibrous capsule around the suprachoroidal implant cavity. The foreign body response was minimal, with sporadic presence of macrophages and no active inflammation. All implanted eyes were negative for bacterial or fungal infections. A midgrade granuloma and thick fibrous buildup surrounded the extraocular cable. Scleral closure was maintained in six of seven eyes. There were no staphylomas or choroidal incarceration.

CONCLUSIONS
A wide-field retinal prosthesis was stable and well tolerated during long-term suprachoroidal implantation in a cat model. The surgical approach was reproducible and overall safe.


The process for refining ferrous sulfate as by-product in production of titanium white powder includes such seps as hydrolysis, reduction and flocculation. The refined product has purity of ov er 99% and titanium content is 3.9 ppm (in 20% Fe account). The contents of other metals, non-metals and compounds are obviously reduced. The product may be directly used to make magnetic powder, high-purity iron oxide and others fields.


Stainless steel is an important engineering material that is difficult to be cut by
oxy-fuel methods because of the high melting point and low viscosity of the formed
oxides. However, it is suitable to be cut by laser. This work aims to evaluate the
optimum laser cutting parameters for 6 mm and 8 mm thickness of stainless steel sheets
by using laser beam and nitrogen as assistant gases. It was shown that the laser cutting
quality depends on the cutting speed, gas pressure and focal distance. The optimum
cutting was achieved during the gas pressure of 190 bar is applied for both sample
thickness. Increasing the cutting speed and gas pressure decreased the burr height and
the smoother surface cutting is obtained. However, regarding to those parameters,
material is usable to cut because off high speed and low gas pressure. It is due to in
sufficient time for heating diffusion and melting wider groove. This process occurs
periodically and leads to development of the surface roughness and also on strias around
the kerf edge.


The performance of large scale software applications has been automatically increasing for last few decades under the influence of Moore's law – the number of transistors on a microprocessor roughly doubled every eighteen months. However, on-chip transistors limitations and heating issues led to the emergence of multicore processors. The energy efficient ARM based System-on-Chip (SoC) processors are being considered for future high performance computing systems. In this paper, we present a case study of two widely used parallel programming models i.e. MPI and MapReduce on distributed memory cluster of ARM SoC development boards. The case study application, Black-Scholes option pricing equation, was parallelized and evaluated in terms of power consumption and throughput. The results show that the Hadoop implementation has low instantaneous power consumption that of MPI, but MPI outperforms Hadoop implementation by a factor of 1.46 in terms of total power consumption to execution time ratio.


Reproductive isolation is central to the generation of biodiversity, yet a clear understanding of the contributions of alternative reproductive barriers to this process remains elusive. Studies of young lineages that have diverged in ecologically important traits can offer insights into the chronology and relative importance of various isolating mechanisms during speciation. In poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), within-species lineages often differ dramatically in coloration, a trait subject to natural and sexual selection. Coloration in the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) is particularly diverse and previous work suggests the potential for reproductive isolation. We used a captive breeding experiment to assess the extent of reproductive isolation among three allopatric, genetically distinct O. pumilio lineages that differ in coloration. We compared reproduction of within- and between-lineage pairs, predicting that if lineages are isolated, within-lineage pairs would be most successful. We also examined the fertility and productivity of F1 backcrosses of admixed offspring. We found no evidence suggesting behavioural pre-zygotic or post-zygotic reproductive isolation, indicating that isolation would not be maintained by intrinsic mechanisms in the event of secondary contact. Future work should address costs of between-lineage matings exerted by extrinsic natural and/or sexual selection against admixed offspring.


In this paper,the author investigates uuiform stability,asymptotic stability,and uniform asymptotic stability forthe zero solution of neutral functional differentialequations.Some well-known results are improved.


A 3D spherical panoramic epipolar line based on essential matrix is proposed in this study to solve the search range to improve calculation efficiency and reliability of the matching. First, this method uses the essential matrix of computer vision principles to establish the epipolar geometry model of spherical panoramic image. Second, it derives the epipolar line mathematical equations and characteristics of spherical panoramas. Third, it calculates statistics on the distribution law of epipolar images. Experimental results show that the feasibility of the method proposed in this study. The proposed method effectively verified the trajectory of the spherical panoramic epipolar line, finished distribution of epipolar line sequence trajectory and decreased the search range of the corresponding points. The findings help lay a solid foundation for the matching and measurement of the panoramic measurement model and the generation of depth maps.


We propose a new WDM passive optical-packet ring design for metropolitan applications. We argue the network performance and physical feasibility of such a network with up 160 Gbit/s capacity and 210 km of perimeter.


the medical profession's lack of progress, so contemporary lyricists and musicians appear similarly disappointed. Thus, the International Contemporary Ensemble, in Sometimes a migraine is just a migraine, describes a symptom and records a medic's uninspiring response: 'Feels like there's a mass that's smashing up against my skull, all you think to ask is is it sharp or is it dull'. Roberts and Vargas' most surprising finding was that although migraine is particularly prevalent among younger women, 89% of the recording artists were male. And in a bleak comment the authors divulge that '[o]nly 9 songs (11%) made any reference to successful treatment, resolution or hope of any sort …'. Perhaps there may be grounds for cautious optimism where treatment is concerned. For instance, in a recent trial, Silberstein et al (2014) reported encouraging results in the treatment of chronic migraine patients with onabotulinumtoxinA (OBTA). They found not only that almost 50% of 688 OBTA-treated patients had a greater than half reduction in headache frequency, but they concluded that '[a] meaningful proportion of patients with chronic migraine treated with OBTA who did not respond to the first treatment cycle responded in the second and third cycles of treatment, respectively.' However, treatment comes with its own ethical territory, a landscape which needs to be navigated with sensitivity. For example, in 1999 a 14-year-old male was admitted to hospital in California after being diagnosed with moderate-to-severe migraine. Originally prescribed morphine for pain relief, this was replaced with saline by his doctor, who told neither the boy nor his parents. When the patient's pain became unbearable the doctor told the parents what he'd done. As Tucker (2001) notes, when the boy's mother lodged a complaint against the doctor, and the nurses who administered the pla


SIXTEENTH-CENTURY DIVISIONS AND ECUMENICAL DIALOGUE The Eucharist. By Edward SchUlebeeckx. (New York: Burns and Gates, a Continuum imprint. 2005. Originally published 1968.Pp. 160. $18.95 paperback.) The Eucharist in the Reformation. Incarnation and Liturgy. By Lee Palmer Wandel. (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pp. xii, 302. $70.00 clothbound, $24.95 paperback.) It has been remarked more than once that ecumenical dialogue risks failure when the appropriate historical studies are neglected, either not done or not taken into account when the possibilities of eventual communion between churches are discussed. Without these, the issues in dispute at the time of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations of the sixteenth century are not clarified, nor can it be seen what import they have for present ecumenical efforts and what relation they have to the Gospel and to the apostolic tradition. Both of the above books show careful historical research into sixteenth-century developments and questions. Schillebeeckx is concerned with more theological issues, historical and current. He bases his thoughts about present trends in Eucharistie theology on careful historical research into the Council of Trent. He then relates the issues debated by the Council to contemporary European ways of thinking about the symbolic. Wandel is more purposefully historical. She writes principally about how the Mass, Lord's Supper, or Holy Communion were celebrated by the communities that drew apart from each other in their understanding of what they did and what Christ commanded. Holding these two works in hand together is a reminder of how complex the issues were and of how quite varied aspects of dispute and schism need to be studied. They illustrate the distinction that has to be made between doctrinal and practical questions, as weE as the need to explore the relation between the two. They also make the reader sensitive to what is at stake in relating such matters to current thought, practice, and teaching. While that is not her intent,Wandel's book in particular should make it clear that no solution to ecumenical communion, such as a general policy of open communion table, is possible unless churches address the ways in which members of different traditions inevitably think differently about the meaning of the communion table. Even the existing agreed statements on the Eucharist, rich and important though they are, do not take the belief and feeling of participants in the liturgy into full account and so seldom address how to deal with popular and pastoral exigencies. The small book of Edward SchUlebeeckx, rather deceptively entitled The Eucharist, is a reprint of a 1968 book. When written it was not meant to be a full range Eucharistie theology. It might better have borne the title "Christ's Presence in the Eucharist" since it treated of then current trends in the discussion of Christ's presence in the Eucharist in the light of the Tridentine doctrine given in the Decree on the Sacrament of the Eucharist. The work is still very relevant, both to historical studies on Trent and to the development of a theology of Eucharistie presence in the light of contemporary thinking and culture. Indeed, one might say that in Catholic circles Schillebeeckx's presentation surpasses much that has been written between then and now and students and scholars would benefit from returning to the careful and accurate thought of a Magtster in the field. We can be grateful to Continuum for the reprint. The book is divided into two parts, the one historical and the other a treatment of theological trends of the period before, during, and after Vatican Council II. In the historical section, Schillebeeckx's purpose is to clarify what was discussed and defined at the Council of Trent and to place its teaching into its proper historical and cultural setting. Contrary to the positions taken by some others, Schillebeeckx insists that the matters of Christ's presence and of transubstantiation were thought through in terms of the prevailing Aristotelian natural philosophy. …


Abstract The six‐million hectare mountainous region surrounding Yellowstone National Park has become the focus of a vigorous policy debate. At issue is the appropriate mix of preservation and development of the public lands that make up the "Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem."; Administration of the region is fragmented among twenty‐eight different governmental agencies, making management of wide‐ranging wildlife and other shared resources difficult. To confront the problems resulting from lack of unifying goals, lack of interagency coordination, and poor use of scientific data, many authors and organized interest groups are urging that the agencies adopt "ecosystem management"; as a comprehensive policy for the region. The article discusses the meaning of ecosystem management and the hindrances to its implementation in the Yellowstone region.


In December 1891, an adaptation by Paul-Napoléon Roinard of the Old Testament text of the Cantique des cantiques (Song of Songs) of Solomon was performed at the recently created Théâtre d'Art, expressly to present a new idea of theatre as total art by engaging the visual, aural, and olfactory senses of the audience. One of the few theatre historians who has mentioned this remarkable endeavour notes that in it,'music, words, colour, even perfume, were to be harmonized; all the senses were to be involved, simultaneously, in the one overwhelming experience'. Roinard's synaesthetic experiment drew on a range of sources including Baudelaire, Wagner and Rimbaud, and, most strikingly, featured scents pumped into the auditorium on cue by young symbolist poets stationed in the far edges of the proscenium and in the balcony and using hand-held vaporizers. According to the outline Roinard provided in the programme, nine scents were used: frankincense, white violets, hyacinth, lilies, acacia, lily of the valley, syringa, orange blossom, and jasmine. Each of these odours had corresponding orchestrations of speech (specific vowel sounds), tones (original music composed by Mme Flamen de Labrély), and colours.


High-density cement slurry is commonly used for cementing deep and ultradeep wells. During service, corrosion problems at the interface between the cement and casing steel seriously affect the safety of oil and gas extraction. In this paper, a specimen of a high-density cement/casing steel system was prepared by using hematite powder as the weighting agent. The electrochemical properties and microstructure were investigated by electrochemical techniques, SEM, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. Samples were corroded in simulated formation water saturated with CO 2 at 90 °C for 7–49 days. The results show that with increasing immersion time, the corrosion rate of casing steel in cement gradually increases and the cement resistance first increases and then decreases. The pressure promotes the corrosion reaction; thus, the corrosion potential is more negative and the corrosion rate is higher. The corrosion product morphology on the surface of casing steel in cement is a distribution of cracks. The corrosion product is FeCO 3 , showing that mainly CO 2 corrosion occurs. The microgap at the cement/casing steel interface is only 1.0 μm and accompanied by FeCO 3 production.


Questions about monetary variables (such as income, wealth or savings) are key components of questionnaires on household finances. However, missing information on such sensitive topics is a well-known phenomenon which can seriously bias any inference based only on complete-case analysis. Many imputation techniques have been developed and implemented in several surveys. Using the German SAVE data, a new estimation technique is necessary to overcome the upward bias of monetary variables caused by the initially implemented imputation procedure. The upward bias is the result of adding random draws to the implausible negative values predicted by OLS regressions until all values are positive. To overcome this problem the logarithm of the dependent variable is taken and the predicted values are retransformed to the original scale by Duan's smearing estimate. This paper evaluates the two different techniques for the imputation of monetary variables implementing a simulation study, where a random pattern of missingness is imposed on the observed values of the variables of interest. A Monte-Carlo simulation based on the observed data shows the superiority of the newly implemented smearing estimate to construct the missing data structure. All waves are consistently imputed using the new method.


In power systems applications, digital relaying algorithms are using samples taken from measured alternating current signals to determine characteristics that describe quantitatively the power system state. The most frequently used values to describe the signals are the magnitude and phase angle of the sinusoidal representation in time of the measurement. The signal samples are processed in discrete mode, and the results are influenced by the hardware and algorithms used to obtain them. When the measured phase angle contains errors, they translate into a phase shift of the phasor representing the signal. For synchrophasor applications, significant phase shift can be introduced during the process of calculating and transmitting the information. Some of the causes of signal phase shifting during synchrophasor measurements are described, and the case is made for sample level data transmission as a possible solution to precise phase angle calculations. An alpha-plane differential protection system is investigated to test the synchronization between the sampled signal phase angle and the calculated phasor angle using sample level data transmission


This research aim to estimate an intrinsic value of BNI share when doing
secondary public offering by using constant growth models and relative valuation.
This research also used data of BNI financial statement�s during the last five year
from 2002 until 2006. Method analysis of discounted cash flow conducted by :
financial statement projection, growth rate, and value estimation. Relative
valuation started with searching similar company in the same field of industry and
chosening and specifying appropriate ratio or multiples from similar company.
This Multiples used to convert a relevant book value variable from BNI become
an estimation of market value. Multiples or ratio which used were : PER (Price
Earning Ratio).
The result from this research by using constant growth models obtained an
intrinsic value estimation of BNI share at June 2007 range from Rp.1.162,26 up to
Rp. 2.768,15. Result by using for the estimation of stocks price per share BNI by
using PER equal from Rp. 1.611,60 up to Rp. 2.155,60. Based on this both
approaching, price of BNI share at this time possibility fair.


This paper describes the basic design parameters, current plans for the readout and trigger electronics and some simulation results of the DO central preshower detector. The DO central preshower detector is designed to improve electron identification and to help restore the electromagnetic energy resolution otherwise degraded by the introduction of one radiation length of material. The cylindrically shaped detector is arranged in z-z, u-u and v-v layers with a uv stereo angle of /spl plusmn/20 degrees. >


Recently, deep learning-based recommendation models have been proved to have state-of-the-art recommendation accuracy. However, most of the existing work assume that user feedbacks are noise-free, on which the neural networks (NN) are trained. Although some methods apply man-made noises on the input data to train the networks more effectively (e.g. the collaborative denoising auto-encoder), the noises are randomly generated. To gain further improvements, we focus on boosting the overall recommendation performance through adversarial noises. We propose a general framework to adversarially train a NN-based item recommendation model. In particular, we select the collaborative auto-encoder model as an example and test our method on three public datasets. We show that our approach enhances both overall robustness and performance which outperforms competitive state-of-the-art item recommendation models.


Abstract : The extent of the single-phase region near the AgSbTe2 composition in the Ag-Sb- Te ternary system was estimated, and preliminary evaluation was made of the thermoelectric properties of alloys in this region. The highest room-temperature figure of merit obtained was .00143 per degree K on an unoptimized specimen. The results suggest that considerably higher values are attainable by optimizing alloy composition, doping level, and thermal treatment. An exploratory investigation of the effects of partial substitution of bismuth and selenium for antimony and tellurium was not definitive. A second single-phase region was identified in the vicinity of the AgSbTe composition. The extent of this region and the thermoelectric properties of alloys in it were not determined. An investigation was made of possible correlations between the thermoelectric figure of merit as optimized with respect to both doping and temperature, and a number of other physical and chemical properties of materials. The results indicate that such correlations may exist, and may be helpful in the search for improved thermoelectric materials. (Author)


Purpose. The occurrence of carbapenem‐ and colistin‐resistance among Gram‐negative bacteria is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to understand the distribution of carbapenem‐ and colistin‐resistance in two areas in Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology. The clinical isolates (n=89) used in this study were collected from two diagnostic centres in Tamil Nadu, India. The bacterial isolates were screened for meropenem‐ and colistin‐resistance. Further, resistance genes blaNDM‐1, blaOXA‐48‐like, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, mcr‐1 and mcr‐2 and integrons were studied. The synergistic effect of meropenem in combination with colistin was assessed. Results. A total of 89 bacterial isolates were studied which included Escherichia coli (n=43), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=10), Enterobacter cloacae (n=6), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=5), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=4), Proteus mirabilis (n=2) and Salmonella paratyphi (n=1). MIC testing showed that 58/89 (65%) and 29/89 (32%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and colistin, respectively, whereas 27/89 (30%) isolates were resistant to both antibiotics. Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae isolates were blaNDM‐1‐positive (n=20). Some strains of Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca were blaOXA‐181‐positive (n=4). Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were found in 24, 20 and 3 isolates, respectively. Nine NDM‐1‐positive Escherichia coli strains could transfer carbapenem resistance via plasmids to susceptible Escherichia coli AB1157. Meropenem and colistin showed synergy in 10/20 (50%) isolates by 24 h time‐kill studies. Conclusion. Our results highlight the distribution of carbapenem‐ and colistin‐resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from the Tamil Nadu region in South India.


Inhibition of return (IOR) is a behavioural phenomenon whereby responses are inhibited at locations that have been previously stimulated when the time interval between stimulations is sufficiently long. Traditionally, a peripheral cue is presented at one location, then a peripheral target, requiring a manual or saccadic response, is presented at either the same (cued), or opposite (uncued), side as the cue. In this work, we have included distractors in a traditional spatial orienting paradigm where a non-target stimulus is presented at the opposite side of a target that requires a localization response (manual or saccadic). We investigate modulations of the behavioural cueing effects associated with the inclusion of distractors, as well the event-related potentials (ERPs) – specifically the early sensory P1 component – in this discrimination-localization task. Results demonstrate that IOR is observed behaviourally in such a paradigm, regardless of response modality, although it is larger with saccadic responses than manual responses. ERP results (with manual responses) did not show the common observation of early sensory P1 cueing effects in this paradigm when distractors are not included, perhaps due to the reduction of IOR in this paradigm. Future work should investigate modulations of ERP components when the oculomotor system is activated as well as look into the timecourse of the inhibitory cueing effects when distractors are included in a spatial orienting paradigm.


Health service innovation is required to meet the ever-growing demands of modern medicine. This editorial discusses the transformation of the north central London elective orthopaedic network and the essential principles which future integrated care systems could incorporate.


This research aims to determine, describe and analyze the empowerment of women in enhancing self-reliance through skills training effort embroider on UPPKS Sumber Rezeki. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. Technique of determining the informant by using judgement sampling. The collection of data by means of observation, interviews and documentation and validation of the data used in this research is triangulation sources and triangulation of data. Results from this research was conducted UPPKS Sumber Rezeki is empowerment of women in developing the potential and expected embroidering skills training can be a capital in enhancing the independence of the business. Based on the five approach to the process of empowerment of women through skills training embroider on UPPKS Sumber Rezeki already said to be very good for strengthening approach, protection and support for the approach while possibility and maintenance aspects need to be improved better.


Referring to the pressure-state-response(PSR) indicator structure model developed by the OECD and UNEP,the ecosystem health assessment for the Changjiang Estuary was carried out.The assess ment index system involved 22 indicators,such as annual run-off fluctuation rate,annual sediment fluctua tion rate,CODMn of sea surface,DO over standard rate,COD over standard rate,DIN over standard rate,DIP over standard rate,benthic diversity index,zooplankton copepods density ratio,and phytoplankton spe cies of algae and fecal coliforms over the standard rates,etc.Five levels of assessment criteria were sug gested.The ecosystem health status and developing trend of the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent sea area were analyzed by using the FAME model which is established based on maximum entropy.The re sults show that the ecosystem is in the sub-healthy state.


We report a first study of low energy electronic structure and Fermi surface topology for the recently discovered iron-based superconductor Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 (the 10-3-8 phase, with Tc = 8K), via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Despite its triclinic crystal structure, ARPES results reveal a fourfold symmetric band structure with the absence of Dirac-cone-like Fermi dots (related to magnetism) found around the Brillouin zone corners in other iron-based superconductors. Considering that the triclinic lattice and structural supercell arising from the Pt3As8 intermediary layers, these results indicate that those layers couple only weakly to the FeAs layers in this new superconductor, which has implications for the determination of its potentially novel pairing mechanism.


The university physics experiment lesson is a major to train the students'experimental ability.There are more verifiable and measurable experiments,lacking the teaching link for the students to design experiments independently.Taking Verifying Newton Second Law as an example,this paperproposes some design topics and plans in order to help the students to set up the design idea and develop the innovation ability.


A method for determination of glyphosate in water by ion chromatography was established in this paper.After removed residual chlorine by adding ascorbic acid and filtrated by micropore filtrer membrance,the water samples were directly injected into IC.The separation was carried out on IonPac AS11-HC anion-exchange column and the eluent was 20 mmol/L KOH at flow rate of 1.00 mL/min.The injection volume was 100 μL.The linearity of the method is from 0 to 1.5 mg/L.The detection limit was 0.1 mg/L.The recoveries were from 95% to 106%,and RSD was from 5.08% to 7.09%.The experiments verified that the method was simple,sensitive,and accurate.


The photo-induced cooperative low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) conversion phenomena are studied on the basis of a model in which the interaction between complexes is mediated by the lattice distorti...


This paper points out that Chinese urban economics should make breakthroughs to get great development by: emphasizing the analysis methods of city feature and urban economics in disciplinary conception and characteristics; in discipline studying way and contents, clarifying the main body of practical study and strengthening the logic and practicality of case study; increasing the demand of urban governments and societies to develop discipline development with practical study and group operation; stressing Chinese characteristic of discipline construction.


The world economy is facing a global financial crisis; the capital accumulation model shows signs of exhaustion. This has resulted in the increase in food prices between April, 2007 and April, 2008; international food prices rose 54% in the main cereals (92%) and oil (84%). (FAO, FAOSTAT, index of food prices, Gómez, 2008) and the number of poor people has increased to such an extent that in 2010 it is considered that in the world, one billion people are hungry. FAO estimated that, the number of undernourished people in 2008 could have reached 915 million and will exceed 1000 million in 2009. (Un Millennium Goals Report 2010). The right to have food is a fundamental human right, and should seek alternatives to eliminate the scourge of hunger.


The recession has caused many shop to go bankrupt. This is not only symptomatic of the economic downturn; structural factors are also at play. Tim Leunig argues that policymakers need to be more realistic by providing more space for high end venues rather than low end venues for which there is little demand.


BACKGROUND
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for osteoplasty. However, previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of PMMA due to its excessive stiffness and heat production. Recently, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that overcomes those negative effects has been successfully applied in osteoplasty. The potential problem of CPC is markedly less initial stiffness. It leads to progressive, repeated collapse in the treated vertebra before CPC has been replaced by new bone that would provide substantial improvement in compressive strength and stiffness. The activated platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) release a high concentration of growth factors which play an important role in bone healing.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether PRP could accelerate the osteoconduction of CPC and enhance the bone strength of the treated vertebra in an animal model.

STUDY DESIGN
Controlled animal study.

SETTING
Laboratory animal study,

METHODS
Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 8 weeks of age. After 3 months, they were randomly divided into 4 groups and received cement augmentation in the fifth caudal spine with different filler materials; sham-operated rats (S), PMMA (P), CPC (C), and CPC + PRP (CP). Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular type-associated morphological parameters, including trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the augmented caudal spine, were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (mirco-CT) 2 weeks after the cementoplasty. Histological analysis was also performed to compare the bone regeneration.

RESULTS
The trabecular bone volume fraction in the CP group was significantly greater than those of all the other groups. Trabecular thickness was higher in the CP group than the S and P groups. This augmented trabecular structure in the CP group accordingly showed higher BMD. Histological evaluations showed significantly more bone regeneration in the CP group.

LIMITATIONS
There has been a concern that the effect of PRP would be dependent on the species, and might show different results in humans. Baseline values of micro-CT analysis were not measured, which could have provided exact evidence of the changes in trabecular micro-architecture parameters and cement resorption profiles. Finally, caudal vertebrae with filler materials used in biological study should have been compared by their mechanical properties using biomechanical evaluations for a more coherent study, which was not possible due to technical problems.

CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating PRP into CPC could accelerate osteoconduction in the augmented vertebra leading to improvement of trabecular bone microarchitecture and BMD in rats.


This study examines differences between Australian and Japanese secondary school students' conceptions of learning and their use of self-regulated learning strategies. For a variety of reasons, there is an increasing number of overseas students, particularly from south-east Asian countries, who are being educated in Australian schools. Differences in schooling and cultural traditions lead to different understandings of what learning actually is and to the strategies students use to regulate their own learning. If educators are to cater successfully for students from other cultures, it is important to develop a better understanding of differences in the ways in which students conceive of learning and how they go about doing it. In one sense, a major finding of the study confirms the stereotypical view of Japanese students as rote memorizers. On the other hand, it is the Australian students who are found to have a narrow, school-based view of learning. The Japanese students view learning from a much broader perspective. For them, learning is not only related to what happens at school; it is seen also as a lifelong, experiential process leading to personal fulfilment. The findings from this study also indicate that the strategies that have been previously identified as being used by students in Western learning contexts are the same strategies in use by students in Japanese schools. Despite significant differences in the emphases that students placed on the use of some of the strategies, two of the three most consistently used of the strategies by both Australian and Japanese students were the same.


In order to meet the requirement of controlling the arms servo system, a portable test system is developed to measure the servo system movement parameter. Static parameters of servo system(including azimuth and elevation) and dynamic parameters(including azimuth velocity, azimuth acceleration, pitch speed and pitch acceleration), are analyzed. Through the development of hardware and software design, the system can meet the requirements to measure the motion parameters of the servo system. Experiments show that the system test accuracy can reach to 0.01 mils and the system can reach the standard of all technical indicators.


As of late, it would seem that the commonly sought after concept of collaboration has lost its appeal and, arising in its aftermath, is a reconfigured front of conflict between the public and private spheres of American life. In this current attack on the public, the stage is ripe for disobedience in all its various forms and functions to stand up against what privatization advocates have so strategically constructed as COMMONSENSE (Kumashiro 2008). This COMMONSENSE has evolved into a seemingly natural state that has captured the allegiance of folks who full-heartedly agree, without substantiated expertise, that systems of commodification and privatization will serve as simple solutions to the failures of society. But let us always remember that this COMMONSENSE is most certainly not natural, and as it has been created by humans; thus it has been responded to by acts of human resistance and dissent. In education, these include parent coalitions saving their public schools from a charter school move-in; teachers co-developing curriculum against the rigidity of standards; and a slew of writers and producers of scholarly articles and counter-documentaries, all of whom hope to broaden our understanding of knowledge and experience, to be critical about widening inequity in society, and to fight for the lost voices and silenced identities that continue to be left largely unrecognized, if not violently marginalized and erased. Indubitably, poignant examples of civil disobedience are nothing short of inspirational. But if reconstituting social, economic, and political division on behalf of the poor and the oppressed remains the obligation of a democratic society, perhaps we must engage in a slight retreat


The prevalence of the isolated ultrasonographic finding of polycystic ovaries (PCO) in the Finnish population and among women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) and changes in the present carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in the present study. One aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the recently discovered variant type LH (v-LH) in PCOS and to compare patient cohorts from Finland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the nature of the ovarian streoidogenic response of women with PCOS to exogenously administered human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), human menotrophin (hMG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The effect of metformin on ovarian steroidogenesis was also studied. The prevalence of PCO was significantly higher in younger (≤ 35 years, 21.6%) than among older women (in ≥ 36 years, 7.8%). The overall prevalence of PCO in Finnish women was 14.2%. Women with previous GDM revealed a high prevalence of PCO (39.4%). The carrier frequency of the v-LHb allele in the entire study population was 18.5%. The frequency of the v-LH carrier was significantly lower in obese PCOS subjects in the Netherlands (2.0%) and Finland (4.5%). Women with previous GDM had impaired insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. They also had higher adrenal androgen secretion than the control women. Women with PCO and previous GDM had marked hyperinsulinemia which was not explained by obesity. Obese PCOS women achieved peak peripheral serum T concentrations at 48 hours after a hCG injection, preceded by peak levels of 17-OHP and E2 at 24 hours. In contrast, all steroids measured in the control women reached their maximum serum concentrations at 96 hours. HMG stimulated the production of ovarian androgens more efficiently than a urinary FSH after pituitary suppression with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist


Sorghum is an important green fodder for livestock in India, particularly so in dry farming areas. The information on nutritive value of recently introduced high yielding varieties of sorghum are lacking...


While generic medications offer the potential for signifi can t cost reduct ion, shor t te rm economic considerations should not be allowed to jeopardize the health of persons with epilepsy. Doing so may actually increase health care costs in addition to adversely affecting quality of life. Concern exists that some generic antiepileptic medications provide insufficient biologic equivalence to the brand name product for which they are s~bstituted.'-~ Also, generic antiepileptic drugs may not adequately substitute for each other. These concerns are greatest for phenytoin and carbamazepine. Three pharmacologic factors are associated with risk for nonequivalence: low water solubility, narrow therapeutic range, and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Phenytoin possesses these 3 risk factors, and carbamazepine possesses the 1st two. Despite such pharmacologic complexities, the testing required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is similar to that required for most generic drugs that lack the problems associated with antiepileptic medication, such as antibiotics. Approval has been granted despite genericbrand name drug intrasubject availability ratios of 74-142% (see below). No account has been taken of many other factors relevant to actual clinical use of generics, such as capsule content and shelf life. Nonequivalence can have very serious effects. Decreased serum drug concentrations can cause breakthrough seizures, and increased concentrations can lead to toxicity. Breakthrough seizures in well-controlled patients with epilepsy can result in serious injury, and can injure or kill others if they occur during driving. Drug toxicity can lead to discomfort, injury, or poor job performance. The overall cost to society of breakthrough seizures or drug toxicity may outweigh any economic incentive for mandating generic substitution. The economic goal of cost containment by generic substitution is meaningless if it leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Any assessment of the effect of substitution must be based on interpretation of the relevant principles of pharmacology and clinical neurology as well as the relevant social and economic issues.


The CV transition (orPIVOT) is an area at which the maximum of new spectral information coincides with rapidly rising intensity. These acoustic characteristics of PIVOTs are among the most salient events in speech [1,2]. It has been shown [3] that spectral changes whose response in the auditory nerve is predominantly an onset of firing (like in the CV transition) are much more perceptually salient than those producing an offset [4]. The auditory salience of the acoustic event at the transition to the vowel has been described as an ideal mark for the synchronization of the segmental and the prosodic stream [5, 2]. Indeed research on the perception of pitch [6] and duration [7] underscores the role of the PIVOT. In this study I argue that PIVOT is a landmark for articulatory phasing as well. In the acoustic investigation of CCV and VCC stopclusters in Polish I show that PIVOT is impervious to gestural overlap.The fact that there are no significant differences in transitions between CV and CCV syllables shows that speech rate is implemented as temporal compression (higher articulatory STIFFNESS) and not as gestural overlap in initial clusters. It is suggested that the implementation of the articulatory STIFFNESS parameter is dependent on the auditory salience restrictions and that it is highly correlated with thePIVOT.


view of the arterial tree of the brain of an adult albino female rabbit, showing the circulation to all parts of the brain. The basilar artery is seen horizontally, and the outlines of cerebellum and cerebrum clearly remain. The injection was made by first cannulating both carotids of the anesthetized animal with the flared ends of polyethylene tubing (0.86 mm, i.d., 1.52 mm, o.d.), attached to 18-gauge hypodermic needles whose points were ground off. (Polyethylene tubing of various sizes is obtainable from Clay-Adams Co., 141 E. 25th


Abstract : Definitions of virus species based on biological (gene pools), ecological (niches), evolutionary (lineages), or phenetic (morphology) criteria were considered and rejected. The concept of the polythetic species, on the other hand, found general favour since it can accommodate the inherent variability of viruses and it does not depend on the existence of a unique diagnostic feature. A polythetic class is distinguished from an ordinary class in the members of the former need not have any single property in common. Each member of a polythetic class is defined by more than one property, and no single property is necessary or sufficient for membership of a polythetic class.


The goal of paper was analyze how teachers of a Licenciatura Pedagogy Course, use the digital technologies in their pedagogical practice in graduation. We chose a qualitative research, in which the data were collected in a planning week in which the teachers had the task of socializing practices that they develop in the classroom. The analysis and systematization of the data was inspired by the Content Analysis, specifically the grouping procedures by means of themes. The results show that it was possible to understand that the knowledge regarding the different uses of digital technologies in pedagogical practices, still does not fully complement the knowledge set of the professional community of teachers, but is in the process of integration. Accordingly, it is extremely important that the institution continue investing in the continuing education of teachers, with the purpose of promoting innovations in the practices developed in the classroom.