A set of internally water-cooled multilayers were fabricated for the double crystal monochromator of the A2 wiggler beamline at CHESS. With over 3 kW total deposited on the first multilayer, conventional contact cooled multilayers proved unable to cope with the incident heat load. Cooled silicon substrates were fabricated with internal water cooling channels to reduce or eliminate thermal distortion. The highly polished top surfaces were coated with a sputtered W/C or W/B4C multilayer film deposited at the Advanced Photon Source and Osmic, Inc. respectively. Measured reflectivities over 60% and bandwidths of 1.3 - 1.8% were obtained. Results to beam currents of 250 mA show the effectiveness of the internal cooling design and have provided x-ray fluxes of 1 X 1013 photons/sec/mm2.


The thesis is arranged in three parts. Part One is a survey of the known facts concerning the Ku chin hsiao shuo collection and its compiler, Feng Meng-lung. The intention in Part Two is to further knowledge of the history of colloquial Chinese fiction. Evidence is assembled anti evaluated which relates to the probable periods of composition of the various stories, and to the extent to which they were rexised for publication in the collection. On the basis of the evidence examined, distinctions are made between stories belonging to an oral tradition and originating in the Sung period; stories written or re-written during the Ming period in pursuance of the same tradition; and stories which have closer affinities with the purely written genres. The functions of the editor of the collection are held to have consisted of arrangement and commentary rather than of large-scale revision. Part Two concludes with a detailed description of the hua-pen story as a literary genre. In The third and major part of the thesis, the stories are classified according to subject-matter and criticized individually and in detail. Wherever possible, a description is given of the raw material used by the unknown author. Techniques are analyzed, and the stories evaluated and related to the main branches of Chinese fiction. It is shown that the stories of the highest merit are in general those of the greatest realism, and in particular those of the love and crime groups. Almost all the heroic stories are closely based on fact; they have their own conventions and points of merit. The supernatural is used, as a rule, for worthier ends than mere spine-chilling. In all cases where earlier versions exist, the stories of the collection represent an advance in the art of fiction.


Background: Thriassion Plain is considered the most industrialized area in Greece and thus a place where emissions of pollutants are expected to be elevated, leading to the degradation of air quality. Methods: Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was performed in PM10 samples. SPSS statistical package was employed for statistical analysis and source apportionment purposes. Cancer risk was estimated from total persistent organic pollutants' (POPs) dataset according to the available literature. Results: POPs concentrations in particulate matter were measured in similar levels compared to other studies in Greece and worldwide, with mean concentrations of ΣPAHs, ΣPCDD/Fs, dioxin like PCBs, and indicator PCBs being 7.07 ng m−3, 479 fg m−3, 1634 fg m−3, and 18.1 pg m−3, respectively. Seasonal variations were observed only for PAHS with higher concentrations during cold period. MDRs, D/F ratios, and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted combustions as the main source of POPs' emissions. Estimation of particles' carcinogenic and mutagenic potential indicates the increased toxicity of PM10 during cold periods, and cancer risk assessment concludes that 3 to 4 people out of 100,000 may suffer from cancer due to POPs' inhalation. Conclusions: Increased cancer risk for citizens leads to the necessity of chronic POPs' monitoring in Thriassion Plain, and such strategies have to be a priority for Greek environmental authorities.


Electromagnetic computation methods (ECMs) have been widely used in analyzing lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs) and lightning-caused surges in various systems. One of the advantages of ECMs, in comparison with circuit simulation methods, is that they allow a self-consistent full-wave solution for both the transient current distribution in a 3-D conductor system and resultant electromagnetic fields, although they are computationally expensive. Among ECMs, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's equations has been most frequently used in LEMP and surge simulations. In this paper, we review applications of the FDTD method to LEMP and surge simulations, including 1) lightning electromagnetic fields at close and far distances, 2) lightning surges on overhead power transmission line conductors and towers, 3) lightning surges on overhead distribution and telecommunication lines, 4) lightning electromagnetic environment in power substations, 5) lightning surges in wind-turbine-generator towers, 6) lightning surges in photovoltaic (PV) arrays, 7) lightning electromagnetic environment in electric vehicles (EVs), 8) lightning electromagnetic environment in airborne vehicles, 9) lightning surges and electromagnetic environment in buildings, and 10) surges on grounding electrodes.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study has been to examine skin scar characteristics and striae gravidarum, considering the reliability of each for predicting adhesions in repeat Caesarean sections.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was done over a period of two years. One hundred pregnant women were invited to participate in the study. Preoperatively, abdominal scar features (according to the scar's appearance) and stria gravidarum were both recorded.Then, at the time of surgery, intraabdominal adhesions were graded according to the modified Nair's classification.

RESULTS
Among the skin markers, abdominal scar width (p = 0.001), depressed scar (p = 0.002) and striae colour grading (p = 0.0183) were found to have significant associations with intraabdominal adhesions; yet all were of low validity.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite growing interest in the use of skin markers in the prediction of intraabdominal adhesions at the time of repeat CS, the present study demonstrates that these markers may not be reliable.


Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1078II. Background on Insurance Law 1081A. Insurance Contracts 1081B. D&O Policies 1083C. Scope of Coverage 1084D. Limitations on Coverage 10851. Restitution and Disgorgement 10852. Intentional Acts 10863. Punitive Damages 1088E. Interpretation of Insurance Contracts 1092F. Remedies in the Underlying Suit 1096III. Controversies Surrounding Coverage for Restitution and Disgorgement 1098A. The Problem 10981. Interpreting the Controversy Between Insurer Versus Insured 11002. The Definition of "Loss" 1102B. Case Law Addressing the Insurability of Restitution and Disgorgement 11031. Pre-Level 3 11042. Level 3 and the Interpretive Principle 11063. Post-Level 3 and Reactions to Level 3 1109C. Public Policy 1112D. Recent Problematic Cases 11141. J.P Morgan Securities Inc. v. Vigilant Insurance Co 11162. Cohen v. Lovitt & Touche, Inc 11193. Fidelity Bank v. Chartis Specialty Insurance Co 11234. William Beaumont Hospital v. FederalInsurance Co 11245. Where Does This Leave Us? 1126IV. What Do We Do About It? 1126A. Suggested Solutions 11281. The Third Restatement of Restitution and Unjust Enrichment 11282. Abandoning the Public Policy Rationale 11303. A Legislative Approach 11314. Insurance Policy Exclusions for Restitution and Disgorgement 1132V. Conclusion 11357. IntroductionOn June 11, 2013, the New York Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Bear Stearns & Co., Inc., a broker-dealer, denying Vigilant Insurance Company's motion to dismiss Bear Stearns' complaint.1 In J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. v. Vigilant Insurance Co.,2 Bear Stearns3 sought indemnification from Vigilant for approximately $140 million out of $160 million that Bear Stearns had paid to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as "disgorgement" in a settlement of market timing violations claims.4 Vigilant argued that, as a matter of public policy, Bear Stearns should not be entitled to indemnification for the $160 million disgorgement payment "because Bear Stearns enabled its customers to make millions through its trading tactics."5 The court rejected the insurer's public policy argument because Bear Stearns "did not share in the profits or benefits from the late trading, from which it received only $16.9 million in commissions."6 Because the SEC order did not conclusively refute Bear Stearns's allegations that approximately $140 million of the disgorgement payment represented the improper profits of its hedge fund customers, the insurers were not entitled to a dismissal of Bear Stearns's coverage claim. …


Developed under the auspices of UNESCO, SESAME (Synchrotron light for Experimental Science and Application in the Middle East) will be a major international research center in the Middle East and Mediterranean region where most of the applications require hard x-rays up to 20 keV photons. At the 6th of January 2003 the official foundation of SESAME as well as the ground breaking for the building took place. The accelerator SESAME is based upon the synchrotron light source BESSY I, which was, with the operation of BESSY II, devoted to SESAME. The original plan was to upgrade BESSY I to an energy of 1 GeV and use superconducting wigglers to reach 20 keV photons. According to the present design SESAME will be a 2.5GeV 3rd Generation light source with an emittance of 24.6 nm.rad and up to 13 places for the installation of insertion devices with an average length of 3.1 meters. The circumference of the machine will be 124.8 m. As injector the 800 MeV Booster Synchrotron of BESSY I will be used with minor changes. At SESAME around 39.7% of the circumference can be used for the installation of insertion devices. At the beginning of operation 6 beam lines should be installed.


Result : A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of an AF recurrence. His medical history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, and percutaneous coronary intervention for unstable angina. On admission, his laboratory findings revealed an elevated BNP level of 257.2pg/mL. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left atrium (LAD 48mm) and normal systolic left ventricular function (LVEF 61%). He underwent an initial ablation procedure, incldung a pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with radiofrequency ablation, for persistent AF 6 months prior. Sinus rhythm was maintained with anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) after an early phase recurrence, however, the AF also recurred while taking the AAD. He underwent a second ablation procedure after hospitalization. Although there were no PV reconnections, it was impossible to maintain sinus rhythm because of the immediate recurrence of the AF even shortly after repeated intracardiac DC shocks. The intracardiac atrial electrograms of the repeated initiators exhibited the same sequence, suggesting that the firing originated from the same site. When a single-beat multi-point simultaneous mapping of the initiator was created using EnSite NavX and the Advisor HD Grid catheter (a high-density grid-style mapping catheter), it was diagnosed as a septal site in the lower right atrium (RA). Subsequently, another map of the fractionated electrograms across the RA was created during sustained AF before the ablation. The activation was organized throughout the entire RA, except for at the foregoing firing site with a significant area of fractionated electrograms closely associated with the area of the initiator. It was suggested that one of the mechanisms of the fractionated electrograms was associated with the initiator of the AF. The firing disappeared until an isoproterenol infusion after the ablation of that site. Furthermore, the firing appeared after frequent APCs from another site during a high-dose isoproterenol infusion. Similarly, the second initiator was diagnosed (by single-beat multi-point simultaneous mapping) as being located at a septal site in the lower left atrium. It was possible to maintain sinus rhythm throughout the session after ablating those two nonPV triggers. There have been no recurrences for 12 months without any AADs.


The number of eggs produced by a parental stock is central to fisheries advice on recruitment potential. However, stock based estimates of egg production may give a misleading index of recruitment potential in stocks containing several reproductively isolated populations. This paper examines the ability of length, condition and oocyte developmental stage to predict levels of potential fecundity in the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, in three important fished areas in the North Sea. Our results indicate that regional variation in this relationship exists, with fecundity in central areas of the North Sea being higher than those found just off the north-east UK. Oocyte diameter was also found to have a significant effect on potential fecundity, suggesting a down-regulation of oocyte numbers arising from pre-ovulatory atresia, however, this effect was not apparent in every model tested. Our findings have relevance to the local sustainability of spawning components and thus the regional management of the North Sea sandeel stock.


This study aims to improve the real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of distribution transformers by utilizing a combination of five thin film gas detectors, these detectors include metal-modified graphene composite films and SnO2/RGO humidity sensors, which were prepared
 using the hydrothermal method. The experiment focused on investigating humidity and main fault characteristic gases that can reflect the insulation status of transformers. Additionally, a gas sensor array was constructed using a deep confidence neural network model. Based on the analysis of
 dissolved gas in transformer oil, the study extensively discusses the insulation fault diagnosis model and constructs the transformer fault diagnosis model using various methods including TRM, Particle swarm optimization support vector machine. The results demonstrated that the SnO2/RGO
 thin film humidity sensor exhibited high humidity sensitivity, and the other thin film gas sensors also exhibited good sensitivity. The average accuracy of the three classification methods mentioned is 80%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. These findings highlighted that the vector machine model
 not only improved the fault diagnosis accuracy but also possessed the characteristics of fewer parameters and a fast rate of convergence. Consequently, it effectively addressed the issue of early diagnosis of potential transformer faults. This study was of significant practical importance
 for ensuring the secure operation of the power grid.


: Europium complexes, Eu(Phen)2(TTA)(D-py), Eu(Phen)x (TTA)y (x=3,2,1;y=1,2,3), Eu(Phen)4 and Eu(TTA)4 were prepared in EtOH solutions. The fluorescent intensity of Eu(Phen)2 (TTA)2 in EtOH is the strongest due to the synergy effect of Phen and TTA.Supramole- cular functional NSM (nanostructured materials) that the guest complexes were encapsulated in the non-polar channels of mesoporous molecular sieve (CH3)3Si-MCM-41 are stronger than supramolecular functional NSM that the guest complexes were encapsulated in the polar channels of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 in fluorescence. The experimental result indicates that the interactions between host and guest can influence the fluorescent property of NSM.


Focusing on the existing problems of risk characteristics of polluting enterprises relocation,human health hazard pathways and environmental risk assessment,this paper discussed the method,procedure and content of health risk assessment of contaminated sites from four aspects which were data collection,toxicity assessment,exposure assessment and risk characterization.Moreover,the paper introduced the current regulations and technical standards of risk assessment of contaminated sites in our country,summarized the problems existing in the environmental risk assessment,and put forward some suggestions on the risk assessment research of contaminated sites based on our national conditions.


Genetic research has demonstrated that even though we all share the same genes, small DNA sequence variations existence in a gene's structure and can affect how that gene functions in the body. The most common sequence variations, known as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), make us unique and different from everyone else. For that reason, genetics has been hailed as the science of the twenty-first century and attracted the attention of many researchers in different scientific fields, including sports sciences. Indeed, sports researchers have been asked for a long time a question that remains unanswered: what makes an Olympic champion? Nowadays, we are for sure that the answer is closer as ever. Nevertheless, we must not disregard one important factor: the environment stimuli interact with common genetic variants to determine individual characteristics including physical performance.


This paper describes an end-to-end audio-to-symbolic singing transcription method for mixtures of vocal and accompaniment parts. Given audio signals with non-aligned melody scores, we aim to train a recurrent neural network that takes as input a magnitude spectrogram and outputs a sequence of melody notes represented by pairs of pitches and note values (durations). A promising approach to such sequence-to-sequence learning (joint input-to-output alignment and mapping) is to use an encoder-decoder model with an attention mechanism. This approach, however, cannot be used straightforwardly for singing transcription because a note-level decoder fails to estimate note values from latent representations obtained by a frame-level encoder that is good at extracting instantaneous features, but poor at extracting temporal features. To solve this problem, we focus on tatums instead of notes as output units and propose a tatum-level decoder that sequentially outputs tatum-level score segments represented by note pitches, note onset frags, and beat and downbeat flags. We then propose a beat-synchronous attention mechanism constrained in order to monotonically align tatum-level scores with input audio signals with a steady increment. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be trained successfully from non-aligned data thanks to the beat-synchronous attention mechanism.


The objective was to study the effects of cyclophosphamid on growth,peripheral blood biochemistry index and organ coefficient of SD rats.The rats were randomly divided into four groups,each was administered with corresponding concentration of cyclophosphamid by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days.The wet weights of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,thymus,testis,epididymis and brain of the rats were weighed after they were killed,and organ coefficients were calculated.Routine blood parameters,biochemical indices and electrolyte indicators of rat peripheral blood were measured.As a result,with the dose of cyclophosphamide increasing,body weight were significantly reduced;thymus and spleen index of cyclophosphamide treatment group was significantly lower than the control group with a dose-dependent manner;with the dose of cyclophosphamide increasing,the concentrations of PLT,RBC and Hb were significantly reduced.The results showed that with the increasing doses of cyclophosphamide,the immune function of animals showing gradual decline.


The parametamorphic rocks characteristic of regional metamorphism are observed in Margog Caka,northern Qiangtang Basin.Lithologically,the parametamorphic rocks are assembled by felsic gneiss containing kyanite and sillimanite and sericite quartz schist containing kyanite and sillimanite,and entitled to the name of the pre-Ordovician Qilongwuru Group Complexes based on the 1:250 000 regional geological survey.These rocks occur as isolated small domes along the northern margin of the central uplift zone.The SHRIMP U-Pb ages for the zircons from the gneiss range between 347 Ma and 2827 Ma.The zircons have complex genetic types,including magmatic zircon,metamorphic zircon and anatectic zircon.However the metamorphim ages and protolith ages of the zircons remain uncertain.The SHRIMP U-Pb age of 2827 Ma indicates that the zircons originated from the Mesoarchean,during which the tectonic thermal events once occurred in the Qiangtang Basin.The present paper deals,in detail,with the tectonic thermal events of varying ages and their geological implications.


It was investigated that wheat straw was hydrolyzed catalyzed by dilute sulfuric acid by using orthogonal experiments. The optimal combination of factors was that the sulfuric acid concentration was 1%(w%), the Fe2+ concentration was 0.0375 mol/L , the temperature was 180℃ and the residence time was 90 min. The effects of Fe2+, Ni2+, Na+ and Mg2+ on the yield of sugar and conversion of cellulose were investigated. It showed that all the metal ions had obviously increased the yield of sugar and the conversion of cellulose in the order: Fe2+Na+Ni2+Mg2+. There was a maximum as Fe2+ was added, which the yield of sugar and the conversion of cellulose reached 73.05% and 85.79%, respectively.


Abstract Background. Securin is an oncogene with functions in cell proliferation, tumour initiation and progression. Its prognostic value in rectal cancer is somewhat unknown. Accordingly, we studied securin expression together with Ki-67 in rectal cancer in relation to preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy (RT) and disease outcome. Material and methods. Biopsies (n = 65 for securin; n = 57 for Ki-67) and operative specimens (n = 207) from 211 patients treated with short-course RT (n = 87), long-course RT (n = 54) or surgery only (n = 70) were studied with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for securin and Ki-67 expression. In the long-course RT group, 45 patients received chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine) concomitantly with RT. The results of IHC were related to clinicopathological variables, disease outcome and tumour regression grade (TRG) after long-course RT. Results. Both markers showed significant reduction after RT (p < 0.001). No differences in expression was seen in the long-course RT group between the patients with or without concomitant chemotherapy (p = 0.23 for securin; p = 0.31 for Ki-67). Low Ki-67 expression, but not that of securin, in operative specimens was significantly related to excellent TRG (p = 0.02 for Ki-67; p = 0.21 for securin). In univariate survival analysis, excellent TRG predicted longer disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.03). In multivariate Cox analysis, high securin expression after long-course (chemo)RT was an independent predictor of shorter DSS (p = 0.036) together with patient age (p = 0.043) and disease recurrence (local or distant; p = 0.009), whereas no similar appearance was seen in other treatment groups. Conclusion. Securin expression in rectal cancer is significantly reduced after RT. High securin expression and poor TRG after long-course (chemo)RT are indicators of unfavourable disease outcome.


A checklist for teachers of English as a Second Language who are teaching the expression of comparisons is presented. It is intended to assist in the systematic classroom presentation of features of comparison, with adaptation for any proficiency level. Broadly, it addresses how both the units being compared and the points of comparison need to be treated. More specifically, it addresses the treatment of syntactic, lexical, arrangement, rhetorical, and logical features of the comparison. Notes on the usage of these features, and the kinds of problems students often have with them, are presented alongside the teaching information. A student handout and sample class exercises are included. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


An herbicidal composition containing (a) an herbicidal substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivative component and (b) an herbicidal glyphosate component provides synergistic control of selected weeds.


Hypertension is the most commont complication during pregnancy and delivery. It causes 5-10% maternal morbidity and mortality incorporate with bleeding and infection. The Maternal mortality rate caused by hypertension is about 23,95%. Coriander seeds contain flavonoid which work as antihipypertension and diuretic. This study was to examine coriander extract several dosage on decreasing systolic on post partum rats. An experimental study with randomized pre test and post test controlled group design obvserved 30 white rat Wistar Sp which divided into 5 groups randommly. Sphyngonanometer was applied to measure the blood pressure. Paired t-test, One Way ANOVA, and Repeated Measures ANOVA were administered for data analyses. Results showed that coriander extract on 10 mg/kg BB, 20 mg/kg weight and 30 mg/kgweights dosage affected to blood pressure changes on the rat (p 0.000 ), while 20 mg/kgweights and 30 mg/kgweight had no significant effects (p 0.900). It concluded that coriander estract on dosage 30 mg/kg weight and 20 mg/kg weight did not effect significantly to decreasing rat's blood pressure. Measuring not only systole pressure was recommended for further studies.


The theoretical considerations in the construction of the roentgenographic unit called the 'Mimer', together with the details of its design, have already been presented (FREDZELL & LINDGREN 1960). The primary intention was to construct an apparatus that should facilitate the performance of neuroradiologic examinations. It should also be well suited for other types of roentgen examinations, as well as for tomographic procedures. The technical construc tion of the Mimer theoretically permits the roentgen tube to be given a number of different paths of travel for tomography. For practical and technical reasons the paths have been restricted to two types, the linear and the circular. It was considered that a mechanical transference of the movement from the tube to the cassette was preferable to an electric transmission. Tomography with the Mimer has now been used in practical clinical work for more than 3 years. The tube arm in linear tomography is equipped with an additional arm which carries the cassette holder (cf. Fig. 1). (It is assumed that the nomen clature of the parts of the Mimer is known ; reference is made to Fig. 1 in the paper by FREDZELL & LINDGREN (I960).) The tube arm and the additional arm move as a unit while the cassette holder rotates in such a way that the


Diagnostic modalities for CAD involving ionizing radiation have rapidly increased over recent years despite direct epidemiological evidence from atomic bomb survivors of the stochastic risks of radiation exposure. Although the individual patient risk of cancer is small with a favorable risk-benefit ratio even for high-dose radiological procedures, concerns arise when imaging is used without proven clinical rationale, when alternative modalities can be employed with equal efficacy, or when imaging is repeated unnecessarily secondary to inadequate communication within the medical care community 1 . Research demonstrates that physicians and patients who undergo diagnostic imaging involving significant radiation exposure have insufficient awareness of the environmental impact, biorisk, and the dose exposure from radiation. 2-4 The most widely used studies include nuclear medicine myocardial perfusion imaging, computed tomography coronary, aortic and pulmonary angiography, and cardiac catheterization. The methodology used to quantify radiation exposure, the doses associated with typical protocols, and the techniques employed to reduce exposure are addressed. Greater radiation awareness among providers may prompt use of alternative imaging, more careful selection of current imaging and patients, and changes in imaging technique or equipment to decrease cancer risk from future diagnostic imaging.


Parabosonic algebra in (cid:12)nite orin(cid:12)nite degreesoffreedom isconsidered as a Z 2 -graded associative algebra,and is shown to be a Z 2 graded (or: super)H opfalgebra. The super-H opfalgebraic structure oftheparabosonicalgebra isestablished directly withoutappealing to itsrelation to the osp (1 = 2 n )Lie superalgebraic structure.The notion ofsuper-H opfalgebra is equivalently described as a H opfalgebra in thebraided m onoidalcategory CZ 2 M .Thebosonisation technique for switchingaH opfalgebrain thebraided m onoidalcategory H M (where H isa quasitriangularH opfalgebra)into an ordinary H opfalgebra is reviewed.In thispaperweprovethatfortheparabosonicalgebra P B , beyond the application ofthe bosonisation technique to the original super-H opfalgebra,a bosonisation-like construction is also achieved using two operators,related to the parabosonic totalnum ber opera-tor. Both techniques switch the sam e super-H opfalgebra P B to an ordinary H opfalgebra,producing


In the paper results of structure investigation of hammers shaped by high temperature gas cutting and then broken during the application inside the electro-filter units are presented. Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 13, 2007, 1 (68 75) 69 During the usage the surfaces of electro filter el ctrodes are covered gradually with dust created as the result of combustion and raised together with fumes. Growing dust layer decrease gradually the electro filter affectivity. The aim of applied shaking down mechanism composed of drive shaft, connector and hammer strik ing in cycles at the front wall of shaking dawn rod is to efficiently remove dust in consequen ce of set electrodes in vibrations with determined values of acceleration. The complex analysis was conducted including: macr o and micro observations (optical and scanning), RTG analysis, chemical comp sition evaluation and hardness measurement. It was stated that the steel structure and chemical composition is adequate to the steel grade 18G2A. The reason of hammer destruction was the cracks that appeared near the hammers fix as the effect of striking – shaking dow n the dust. In the past when hammers were made by forging there was no problems with tools li fetime. The destruction of investigated materials – hammer s was the consequence of local weakness of cross section. In the place of crack in itiation the zone of material was find out that shows different mechanical properties (hardness, st ructure) from these, that was measured inside the hammers core. The external zone (thickness abou t 5mm) where the hardness is considerable higher contains great amount of non-metallic inclus ion – mainly complex Fe oxides, that are composed besides Si and Mn also such elements, like : S, Cl, K, Ca. The observed structure change is probably the result of local too high ove r-h ating during gas cutting. The chemical composition of external zone reveals small differen ces in comparison to the sample core (manganese content inside the core is about. 0,5% h igher, other elements are at similar level). Additional disadvantageous factor that negative in fluence on the crack propagation inside the sample is manner of steel plate plastic treatment – the plastic treatment lines are directed perpendicular to the outside surface from where the crack is being initiated. From the opposite side of investigated cross sections there was no such structure differentiation and defects like from the cracks initiation side. So, t he general conclusion could be formulated that numerical method of projecting or verifying the con struction or machines elements should be in any case combined with material structure investiga tion.


Glassy Fe_65Co_10Ga_5P_12C_4B_4 alloy powders with a large supercooled liquid region of 50 K before crystallization were synthesized in the particle size range below 125 μm by Ar gas atomization. With the aim of developing a large-size Fe-based glassy core with good soft magnetic properties, the consolidation method of spark plasma sintering was applied to the Fe_65Co_10Ga_5P_12C_4B_4 glassy powders. The existence of the supercooled liquid region enabled us to form a large-size glassy alloy disc 20 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness with a high relative density of 99.7% at the glass-transition temperature of 723 K and under the external applied pressure of 300 MPa. The resulting glassy core of 18 mm in outer diameter, 10 mm in inner diameter, and 4 mm in thickness exhibits good soft magnetic properties: 1.20 T for saturation magnetization, 6 A/m for coercive force, and 8900 for maximum permeability. The good soft magnetic properties of the Fe-based bulk glassy core are attributed to the combination of the high relative density and the maintenance of the single glassy structure.


This paper, researched and drafted in the winter of 2007-2008, discusses the Protect America Act of 2007 within the framework of the role of government oversight and balancing national security interests and civil liberties. I begin with a discussion of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and the Protect America Act of 2007 (PAA) that amended FISA. I then argue that the PAA should include more civil liberties protection, the strengthening of government oversight of intelligence gathering and a discussion of the role of retroactive immunity. Finally, I discuss proposals, as of January 2008, to amend the PAA.


The present paper seeks to examine the rhetorical structure of the literature review (LR) sections of English research articles (RAs) written by Egyptian researchers in the field of linguistics. For this purpose, a sample of ten LRs was selected from RAs published in local and international English-medium journals in linguistics between 2013 and 2019. The study deployed hybrid techniques and approaches for data collection (random/non-random sampling) and data analysis (genre-based/corpus-driven and qualitative/quantitative). Findings showed rhetorical variation in the LRs written by both groups, especially concerning Move 2 and Move 3 that were used more frequently in the international sample than in the local one, where the focus was on Move 1. In addition, some new steps emerged. The findings also shed light on the problems within the rhetorical structure of the LRs published locally, implying that the lack of rhetorical knowledge is one of the major reasons that hinder writing professional LRs. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the generic structure of RA LRs by proposing a modified version of Kwan's (2006) model. It has pedagogical implications for teaching Egyptian and apprentice researchers how to write more effective RA LRs. Future studies on a larger corpus of complete RAs written by Egyptian and international researchers in soft and hard sciences are needed to provide more generalizable findings.


Currently, there is a renewed interest in political theology. Within the German Protestant tradition, this can be seen in the so-called public theology. In the 20th century, the classic pioneers of political theology were the lawyer Carl Schmitt and the Protestant dogmatist Karl Barth. Whilst C. Schmitt and K. Barth differed in their concrete political views they shared strong similarities in the key concepts and the patterns of argumentation that were structurally fundamental to their thinking. Both authors rejected modern liberal thinking. They found no access to liberal constitutional law, ideological pluralism or the freedom of conscience of the individual. The present essay explains the structural and conceptual parallels that exist between C. Schmitt and K. Barth. It also points out the continuous effects of their thinking. For this purpose, it mentions both the lawyer E.-W. Böckenförde and the theologian E. Jüngel. Finally, the essay draws a conclusion that concerns political opinions found in today's theological thinking. These opinions are to be critically measured by the fact that they overcome the pre-modern ideas which were laid out in the political theology of C. Schmitt and K. Barth, for example their religious exaggeration of the state, their anti-liberalism and decisionism or their resistance against pluralism and against the right to self-determination as an individual human right. 91. Hendrik Munsonius: 100 Jahre Religionsverfassungsrecht in Deutschland, in: Deutsches Pfarrerblatt 2019, H. 8, 437–441, hier 439; Ulrich Lilie: Freiräume erhalten, in: zeitzeichen 2019, H. 5, 12-15, hier 14. 92. Zum Schlagwort der »Erledigung« der politischen Theologie s. oben Anm. 9.


The purpose of the present work is to verify the stress distribution resultant of a permanent flow, in the boundary of a Kaplan hydro turbine blade. In order to this, two distinct methodologies to obtain the pressure field over the blade were studied. The static pressure field over the blade, obtained through a simulation using the commercial software CFX 5.5.1, is compared to the static pressure field obtained by a semi-empirical method. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD), simulation is based on the finite volume method. The empirical method uses an approximation of the original geometry of the blade, dividing the blade into six sections. A pressure distribution is calculated for each section, and interpolated linearly to the blade's surface, obtaining a pressure field. The static analysis was performed in the software Ansys 5.4, by the finite element method. The empiric methodology turns to be more conservative than the CFD simulation, and qualitatively similar. The empiric methodology represents a trustworthy and practical formulation to the problem of defining a static pressure field on a hydro turbine blade when other resources are not available.


The article tries to contribute to a new understanding of how money is created by commercial banks and to describe the dilemma, which after some time, every Central Bank within the fractional reserve banking system faces. This dilemma provides an explication for the politics of "cheap money" that has been applied by Central Banks of almost every industrialized economy during the last years, despite the fact that the money supply has reached unprecedented levels. This context is then used to describe what might be called the "Inflation-Deflation Paradox" and to offer a new interpretation of the long economic cycles, the so-called Kondratieff waves.


Asset classes can be broken down into factors that explain risk, return, and correlation characteristics better than traditional approaches. Because seemingly diverse asset classes may have high correlations as a result of overlapping risk factor exposures, factor analysis can improve portfolio diversification. Creating risk factor–based portfolios is theoretically possible, but practically challenging. Nevertheless, factor-based methodologies can be used to enhance portfolio construction and management. SUMMARY • Asset classes can be broken down into building blocks, or factors, that explain the majority of the assets' risk and return characteristics. A factor-based investment approach enables the investor theoretically to remix the factors into portfolios that are better diversified and more efficient than traditional portfolios. • Seemingly diverse asset classes can have unexpectedly high correlations—a result of the significant overlap in their underlying common risk factor exposures. These high correlations caused many portfolios to exhibit poor diversification in the recent market downturn, and investors can use risk factors to view their portfolios and assess risk. • Although constructing ex ante optimized portfolios using risk factor inputs is possible, there are signifi cant challenges to overcome, including the need for active, frequent rebalancing; creation of forwardlooking assumptions; and the use of derivatives and short positions. However, key elements of factorbased methodologies can be integrated in multiple ways into traditional asset allocation structures to enhance portfolio construction, illuminate sources of risk, and inform manager structure.


Law enforcement can be done by cooperation between agencies both nationally and internationally. One case that requires international cooperation in the disclosure of crimes is the case of Russ Medlin who is an FBI fugitive who fled to Indonesia for shelter. Russ Medlin not only committed his crimes in his home country but also in Indonesia. International and national law enforcement authorities are working together to arrest him in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative approach. The result of this study is the cooperation of international and national law enforcement authorities such as the International Police, FBI, POLRI, Indonesian immigration to arrest Russ Medlin despite the obstacles in the form of delays in sending red notices to Indonesian immigration authorities. In order not to happen again, in the future in sending red notices must be issued immediately so that they can be prevented before entering Indonesia so as not to cause new cases.


D40/CASC5 mRNA expression is dominant in normal human testis and slight expression are observed in other organs, such as placenta. At least two alternative isoforms of cDNA were identified. Northern blotting analysis on testis shows two band s with size of approximately 6 and 8.5 kb which are probably derived from the two isoforms. Analysis on  cancer cell lines, such as HeLa, gave single band w ith 8.5 kb. There is another alternative splicing site at the 5' side of this gene that generates a short exon wi th 78 bp in cDNA. There are potential other alternative splicing at c ancer cell lines.


There are some limitations in the hexagon method of checking correctness of differential protection,a new method using the dual trace oscilloscope to measure phase for the correctness checking is presented in this paper,the argumentations,engineering calculations and error analysis of the method are also discussed in the paper.


Mesoporous carbon material CMK-3 was successfully prepared by using mesoporous silica material SBA-15 as hard template and sucrose as carbon source through a nanocasting method. In order to improve the hydrophilic properties of the carbon materials, a large amount of carboxylic functional groups have been introduced upon the surface of carbon materials by oxidative treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibit highly ordered mesostructure with 2-D hexagonal symmetry of our sample. An absorption assigned to the -COOH groups is clearly visible in Infrared spectra, suggesting the presence of carboxylic functional groups. Rhodamine B (Rh B) was selected as a model for determining the adsorption activity of the obtained material. This material exhibited a high adsorption capacity, and an extremely rapid adsorption rate.


Among the many reconfigurations and experiments with the 'medium of the exhibition' of the 1960–1970s, Sonsbeek 71 stands as one the most audacious examples. Organized by curator Wim Beeren as an attempt to find a new curatorial language and innovative exhibition form, Sonsbeek 71 took 'the entire country as its field of operation', the 'exhibition' consisting of several works of land art, 'information centres', as well as pavilions dedicated to film, video, and art mediation. The 'spatial relations' exposed by the scale of this apparatus became the very object of Beeren's curatorial inquiry. Focusing on projected moving images at Sonsbeek 71, this chapter discusses it on three different levels. First, it identifies the way both the film and exhibition apparatus were reconfigured and how Sonsbeek 71 functioned as an epistemology of the exhibition as medium. Second, it articulates a critique of the exhibition as a form intersecting technical, discursive, informational, and sensible elements, and shows how, in its radical expansion of the exhibition medium, Sonsbeek 71 'conflates media history with earth history' (Parikka). Third, what is meant by the notion of the exhibition as 'medium' is discussed in light of the inflatable pavilions designed by the Eventstructure Research Group where structural films and artists' films were projected. This eventually opens up to a critique of the informational, cybernetic epistemology of Sonsbeek 71.


This paper presents a class of soft-switched power factor correction circuits (PFC) based on the quasi-resonant (QR) principle. All power devices in the PFC converter can be switched at zero-voltage and/or zero current conditions, thus reducing switching loss and enabling high-frequency switching. At constant and high switching frequency, the new circuits allow simple EMI filter design, minimisation of magnetic components and reduced switching stress and transients.<<ETX>>


The results of picosecond‐resolved measurements of intramolecular vibrational‐energy redistribution (IVR) in jet‐cooled anthracene at different excess energies are presented. From these results, the nature of IVR as a function of vibrational energy, the relevant time scales for the process, and the details of pertinent vibrational couplings are determined.


The present invention relates to a binder mixture comprising at least one solid phenolic resin and at least one polyisocyanate, and thus prepared compositions and moldings, in particular seeds, molds and store from the foundry industry. Furthermore, a process for the production of moldings using the above disclosed binder mixture. The curing (and shaping) of the shaped bodies is carried out after mixing with the molding material by increasing the temperature of the molded body composition to above the melting point of the at least one pheno resin, if necessary after addition of further components, preferably in the heated tools.


"Towards Better Sexual Health" was a three-year mixed methods study of sexual attitudes and lifestyles of 14-25-year-old young people in Northern Ireland. The study was undertaken jointly by the University of Ulster and the Family Planning Association (Northern Ireland) (fpaNI) from 2000-2002. The study consisted of a large scale self-administered survey, based on an opportunistic sample, which was completed by 1,013 respondents.


Student journals encourage more frequent thinking about course topics, foster development of writing skills, provide feedback about course content and administration, and mitigate exam anxiety. Measures of academic 'ability' and other student characteristics were found to correlate with journal grades. This was unexpected. For example, grades correlated positively with exam scores and GPA, and correlations varied widely among the disciplines represented by the students. Females consistently earned higher journal grades than males. Segmentation modelling (SPSS) identified important subgroups involving gender, age, exam scores and major subject. The journal assignment is, therefore, not equally beneficial for all students.


The broadband input coupler of D-band TE01 mode gyro-travelling wave tube (TWT) is designed, which transform the TE01 mode in the rectangular waveguide to TE01 mode in the circular inner waveguide. The mode converter with 4-slots and 5-slots are designed and discussed. The design of the input coupler is optimized by using CST to get minimum reflections, maximum transmission. The CST simulation results predict that the input coupler offers a good transmission and low reflection at D-band. The -3dB bandwidth is about 11 GHz.


The greenhouse effect (GHE) is a concern to everyone on this planet. To understand the GHE, students and citizens need an understanding of the chemical processes underlying this environmental phenomenon. Citizens need to be scientifically literate in relation to this phenomenon in order to participate in democratic decision making and to take appropriate actions in their daily lives. As the GHE is a global issue it will require collective and individual actions to prepare for the likely climatic changes and to reduce the further impact of the GHE. This study focused on high school students' beliefs about, understandings of the GHE and their intentions to act in ways that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Aspects of the GHE that are taught in high school science were also investigated. The study was conducted in five schools each in Western Australia (Australia) and Kerala (India) and data were collected from 438 Year 10 and 12 students representing compulsory and post-compulsory stages of education in both states. Two hundred and thirteen students from Western Australia and 225 students from Kerala completed a questionnaire and a sample of students and heads of science were interviewed. A Propositional Knowledge Statement (PKS) was developed, which is a set of propositions that outline science concepts necessary for an understanding of the GHE in terms of its causes, effects, mechanism and actions that can be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emission. In this study the PKS is considered to be the essential knowledge necessary to interpret the GHE, to take appropriate environmental action, and to make informed decisions as a scientifically literate member of society. The questionnaire and interviews were based on the PKS. The study revealed that high school students strongly believe that the GHE is real and affecting the climate at present and will also affect it in the future. They consider that the GHE is a relatively important social issue and they believe that governments should conduct programmes to raise community awareness and enact strict laws to reduce the release of greenhouse gases.


Background: Oral pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) appears histologically similar to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in small oral biopsies, thus posing diagnostic dilemma. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in differential diagnosis of OSSC and oral PEH. Materials & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2013 to March 2016. It included sixty archival cases, 30 each of OSCC and PEH. Paraffin embedded blocks were prepared, hematoxylin and eosin stained sections taken and immunostained with MMP-9. The expression of MMP-9 was evaluated in OSCC and PEH. Results: The OSCC group included 16 (53.33%) men and 14 (46.67%) women, whereas PEH group included 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) women. The mean age of OSCC group was 60.1±17.3 and that of PEH group was 52.7±16.6. In OSCC group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), gingiva 10 (33.33%), tongue 7 (23.33%) and floor of mouth 1 (3.34%) case. In PEH group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), tongue 11 (36.66%), gingiva 6 (20%) and palate 1 (3.34%) case. The expression of MMP-9 was positive in all the 30 cases of OSCC and negative in all 30 cases of PEH. Conclusion: Compared to pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), MMP-9 revealed a higher expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This finding has become mainstream strategy in distinguishing OSCC from PEH in oral mucosal biopsies in cases difficult to diagnose.


Social startup wanting to broaden their impact on society needs to move towards a mass market, something that may require an adaptation of its identity. By adapting the identity it can be seen as untrustworthy and unreliable. The choice is to either limit the good it can do for the world, or sacrifice the foundation of what the startup is. The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of how the identity of social startups can be managed in the move towards a mass market. it was addressed by conducting a discourse analysis on three case studies. The findings points at moving towards a mass market as more complex for social startups because of their social orientation. It is proposed that social startups may want to remain in the niche and await for changes in society that will lower the barriers, rather than adapting to the mass market. (Less)


Break junctions provide a direct way to interrogate electrical transport properties of molecules, in pursuit of molecular electronics devices. A number of approaches are used for the fabrication of break junctions, including optical/e-beam lithography, electromigration, mechanical control of suspended conductive electrodes/strips, and electrochemical deposition of conductive material and nanowires. All approaches either require serial and slow e-beam writing of nanoscale gaps or suffer from low-yield of nanogap electrode devices. Here, we report the use of focused ion beam (FIB) to "scratch" and remove a thin layer of gold from 3 μm wide lines. The scratch results in thinning of the metal line and subsequent current-driven electromigration results into nanogaps at precise locations with high yield of devices. Combining FIB scratching with electromigration provides an elegant approach of creating nanoscale break junctions at an exact location and with a very narrow distribution of the nanogap sizes. Current-voltage measurements are done using a probe station before and after FIB scratch, and after the breaks were formed. Most of the gaps fall within 200–300 nm range and show negligible conductivity. The approach provides a novel, rapid, and high-throughput manufacturing approach of break junction fabrication that can be used for molecular sensing.


Abstract In a seminal essay, Noel Carroll posits two broad "uses of allusion" in postclassical American filmmaking. Although some films of the 1970s and 1980s cited earlier texts to critique the genres and ideologies of old Hollywood, Carroll suggests, others used intertextual allusion in a nostalgic, memorializing fashion. This article seeks to build on and complicate Carroll's conceptualization of intertextuality in American films of this era, analyzing Woody Allen and Herbert Ross's Play It Again, Sam (1972) to demonstrate that intertextual allusion, in some cases, might be at once deconstructive and nostalgic. Furthermore, this analysis leads to a consideration of the Humphrey Bogart star-persona as a figure of frequent postclassical citation.


In order to solve the inefficiency problem of the constant pressure digital hydraulic system, this paper built the model of the system and found primary reasons leading to power losses through model simulation. With the pressure compensation technology and the variable frequency hydraulic technology, a new load-sensing digital hydraulic system was designed to instead of the original system and the energy-saving controller of the new system was also designed. Through the simulation comparison study of two systems, it was found that the load-sensing system can effectively reduce the overflow loss and the throttling loss and that the average efficiency of the new system is 30% more than the original system.


A single point of hardware failure in PACS is at the PACS controller, or the main archive server. When it occurs, it renders the entire PACS inoperable and crippled until the problem is diagnosed and resolved. Many current PACS do not have a fault-tolerant design or adequate back-up system for the main archive server due to several issues including cost. Several large scale PACs utilize the Tandem or cluster design but are very costly and have not been critically tested for their degree of fault tolerance. This paper describes a novel, portable, and scalable fault-tolerant PACS controller design that is affordable for most PACS implementations.


Diffuse reflectance spectra of monocomponent, binary, and tricomponent Bi-VSb-Al catalysts for the oxidative ammonolysis of aromatic compounds were taken in the 200- to 850-nm region and interpreted. It was established that vanadium ions in two valence states, V/sup 4 +/ and V/sup 5 +/, exist on the surface of ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. On treatment of V-Sb-Al with a reaction mixture of C/sub 7/H/sub 6/Cl/sub 2/ + O/sub 2/ + NH/sub 3/, V/sup 5 +/ ions are reduced to V/sup 4 +/ and Sb/sup 3 +/ ions are oxidized to Sb/sup 5 +/. This is also characteristic of the V-Al and Sb-Al oxide systems. In the case of V-Bi-Al, treatment with the reaction mixture does not lead to the reduction of V/sup 5 +/ ions. After treatment of Sb-Bi-Al with the reaction mixture, the presence of three phases, Sb/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Sb/sub 2/O/sub 5/, and Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was detected spectroscopically. After treatment of the Bi-V-Sb-Al with the reaction mixture, the formation of a chemical compound of the bismuth vanadate type in which the V/sup 5 +/ ions are tightly held and resistant to oxidation was observed. The phases Sb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Sb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ were also found.


The article analyses the use of ethno-mapping practices to help participatory management of sustainable tourism in areas tha are inhabited by traditional populations near or within protected areas at Amazonia. Focusing in the Alto Trombetas River microarea, at Oriximina, Para State, Brasil, Quilombo Tapagem is studied through field work, bibliographical and documental analysis as well as participatory observation and participatory rural diagnosis techniques. Approaches and participatory maps on the issue of biodiversity are described as well as research results. Analysis of the different uses assigned for natural resources through participatory mapping appears to be a usefull tool for public policies intiatives for sustainable tourism development.


The article deals with the problems of the origin of the theory of communication in the philosophy of S. Kierkegaard and reveals a modern understanding of the problem of the philosophy of communication. The first part of the article shows the philosophical foundations of interpersonal communication, analyzes the theory of communication of S. Kierkegaard and the practice of media criticism. The second part of the article is devoted to the explication of the basic concepts of social media research (new media, network society, philosophy of social networks). The third part of the article presents the results of a survey of students regarding their attitude to modern communication practices. The influence of social networks on the everyday communicative behavior of young people is revealed. A survey of 40 Russian students found that while students are aware of the impact of social media on their daily communication patterns, they perceive them as a new natural medium of communication. The main conclusion is that although young people are aware of the impact of social media on their everyday communication patterns, they perceive them as a new natural environment for communication.


Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is a fact. Nowadays, numerous transactions take place via mobile devices. At the same time, m-commerce is considered as one of the fastest growing subgroups of e-commerce. Characteristically, it is estimated that about 45% of mobile users have made at least one purchase via a wireless hand-held device. Therefore, it plays and will continue to play a vital role in the global economy. The aim of this research paper is to investigate the perceptions of mobile commerce users focusing on Bulgarian University students. Specifi cally, it intends to reveal the perceived advantages and disadvantages of m-commerce, the factors that motivate students to make online transactions via a hand-held device, as well as the issues that hinder them from doing so more often. The paper is expected to provide tangible results to both academia and the industry about a developing economy.


In a climate of distrust and increasing inflexibility for curriculum, pedagogy and assessment in Australian schools, it becomes even more important to look to other ways of teaching and learning. This is where alternative schooling can offer some useful lessons for re-imagining education in the interests of those who are least advantaged.


The present study aims at finding out the role of ICTs in creating awareness about rights leading towards a true democracy in Pakistan. The study reveals that Pakistani students agreed that ICTs have not only created awareness about human, social and political rights but also informed the users about social and political events, which encouraged them to attend the social and political meetings. The findings show that the perception of male and female students about the role of ICTs in creating awareness about human rights was different. Female students had more positive perception as compared to male on this aspect of ICTs. The results revealed a significant difference among university students who were categorised on the basis of time period of ICTs usage. As the period of usage increased, their level of agreement on this aspect of ICTs increased too, which meant that change in students' perception about the role of ICTs in creating awareness about rights was inculcated in them with the passage of time. The results of ANOVA revealed that there was a difference in the perception of users of varying periods of ICTs usage about its role in creating awareness of their rights. It may be inferred from the findings that as the usages of ICTs increase the awareness about rights among Pakistani people, it will play a decisive role in strengthening the democracy in Pakistan.


Introduction: Postanesthetic tremor is an involuntary movement that affects one or several muscle groups, which usually occurs in the first phase of recovery after general anesthesia. According to multiple reviews, the incidence fluctuates between 6 and 66%; Gender (predominantly in men) and surgery time seem to be the determining factors for postanesthetic tremor. There are few reports on the usefulness of ketamine for the prevention of postoperative tremors. Emine and cols established the efficacy of two doses of ketamine compared to meperidine for the treatment of postoperative chills. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ketamine in the prevention of postoperative tremors in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Method: This study corresponds to a prospective cohort design


This study investigates the ideological implications of Real Men, a Korean reality show that portrays the experiences of celebrities who join the military as new conscripts. We situate the popularity of Real Men in the context of the changing gender geography of Korea. Through an analysis of the official Real Men online bulletin board, we explore how the male audience's discourses regarding the authentic military experience and ideal soldiers are related to their desire to restore hegemonic masculinity. Our findings suggest that Real Men became a vehicle that was used to demand women's appreciation of the difficult work of men in the military. A desire to be symbolically remunerated for military service involved the positioning of women as primary caregivers who fulfill traditional female roles. By calling for the restoration of traditional gender roles, the male viewers attempted to recover the hegemonic masculinity that they perceived to be under threat from changing gender relations.


A new genus of the family Coralliidae is established for seven species having longitudinally grooved axes and autozooids seated in distinctive axial pits with beaded margins.


In this article I attempt to do three things. First, to express my views about the idea of family resemblance relative to the problem of defining religion. Second, to suggest a partial answer to a question posed by Luther Martin and his fellow panelists at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion: if we assign causality to religion, to what are we assigning it? And third, to enter a caveat respecting the replacement of popular analytical categories.


[Objective] To verify that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 also exists in swine as a natural isolate and could be isolated from swine faeces. The method for identifying the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 using in situ hybridization was established. [Methods] All 135 pieces of fresh faeces from healthy weaned piglets were collected to prepare DNA template samples. And the DNA template samples were screened and tested by PCR with five pairs of specific primers targeting the chromosomal genes encoding the major fimbrial subunit FimA (type 1 fimbriae) and FocA (F1C fimbriae), and the two cryptic plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2, and mean while the human E. coli Nissle 1917 was chosen as the positive control. The 427 bp-long plasmid fragment named pMUT2(a) was purified from the gel and made into DNA probe using digoxigenin random primer labeling. [Results] The PCR result showed that the expected fragments of the five specific primers target were amplified from the two of 135 DNA template samples and the potential presence of Nissle 1917 in pigs was initially confirmed. Using the method of in situ hybridization with prepared pMUT2(a) probe, two positive strains were screened from the two positive faecal samples. Two positive clones were finally confirmed as positive strains of Nissle 1917 through further experiments of serological test, PCR and sequencing. [Conclusion] The isolation and identification of swine-originated probiotics Nissle 1917 laid a foundation for further study and application of excellent animal originated probiotic.


A sensitive method is demonstrated for determining (v'',J'') populations of H/sub 2/. Single rotational levels of the E,F /sup 1/..sigma../sup +//sub g/ state are prepared by two-photon excitation; absorption of a third quantum causes ionization. Detection of J'' levels of v'' = 0, 1, and 2 is possible while scanning the dye laser fundamental over just 5 nm. Measured rotational populations at different temperatures (295--750 K) agree well with the corresponding Boltzmann distributions. Rotational line strengths show almost no J'' dependence for this process.


If only the cases of Crohn's disease with evidence of colonic involvement are considered (82 patients) the frequency of carcinoma of the colon in this series is 3.7%. In reported series dealing with colonic diseask, carcinoma of the colon has appeared to be infrequent except in one series with a frequency of 4.8%. The question of a possible association between Crohn's disease of the colon and carcinoma deserves further examination. REFERENCES


Plasma arc surface hardening is an alternative selective surface hardening method that is effective, economical and a promising technology in heat treatment industries. In the present work, an investigation was carried out to study the hardness distributions of multiple passes in surface hardening of tool steel by plasma arc. The effects of multiple passes with overlapping and non-overlapping scans were investigated. The results show that the hardness is higher at centre of the plasma arc hardening tracks, and then decreasing in the region adjacent to each plasma arc track. It was found that the formation of hardened zone hardness in multiple passes non-overlapping scan is more uniform on the each scan when compared to the overlapping scan. However, hardness distribution of overlapping scan in width direction shows that it was more uniform compared with non-overlapping scan.


We fabricate graded index (GI) circular core polymer optical waveguides using the Mosquito method, and demonstrate smooth end facets of waveguides without cutting and polishing processes.


In the space of three decades, three countries, the Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka have become the main exporters of labor on a worldwide scale. Are island nations, such as the two archipelagos of the Philippines, Indonesia and the island of Sri Lanka, predisposed to the current large exodus of female migrant workers? Another record shared by these three countries: the very high percentage of women making up these migrant workers. This paper will analyze the principal factors of geography, population and the international labour market that explain this massive exportation of female migrant workers together with the state policies that are actively encouraging female migration.Beyond the determining geographical factor and the need to leave an overpopulated land to earn a living, we should indeed take into consideration the presence of a political will that contributed to the formation of a system of migration which is possibly particular to the island nations of Asia.


Collaborative tagging systems have emerged as a successful solution for annotating contributed resources to online sharing platforms, facilitating searching, browsing, and organizing their contents. To aid users in the annotation process, several tag recommendation methods have been proposed. It has been repeatedly hypothesized that these methods should contribute to improving annotation quality and reducing the cost of the annotation process. It has been also hypothesized that these methods should contribute to the consolidation of the vocabulary of collaborative tagging systems. However, to date, no empirical and quantitative result supports these hypotheses. In this work, we deeply analyze the impact of a tag recommendation system in the folksonomy of Freesound, a real-world and large-scale online sound sharing platform. Our results suggest that tag recommendation effectively increases vocabulary sharing among users of the platform. In addition, tag recommendation is shown to contribute to the convergence of the vocabulary as well as to a partial increase in the quality of annotations. However, according to our analysis, the cost of the annotation process does not seem to be effectively reduced. Our work is relevant to increase our understanding about the nature of tag recommendation systems and points to future directions for the further development of those systems and their analysis.


Objective: To establish a method for the simultomeous determination of chloramphenicol combind with dexamethasone sodium phosphate in compound dexamethasone ointment by RP-HPLC. Methods: RP-HPLC was used, the mobile phase was methanol-0.34% sodium dihydrogen phosphate (45:55); the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detecting wavelength was at 240 nm. Results: Both components had good liner relationship. The average recovery and relative standard deviation of chloramphenicol and dexamethasone sodium phosphate was 99.97% and 99.87%, 0.17% and 0.17%, respectively. Conclusions: This methed is rapid, simple and accurate, which is suitable for the quality of this preparation.


Based on the technical requirements of power supply distribution system for Shanghai certain intelligent building,a intelligent network power distribution system and control system adopting 3S-Net fieldbus technology were designed.The system configuration and its powerful function were expatiated.The real-time monitoring and on-line diagnosis for intelligent equipment in power supply distribution system were strengthened by the support software,so,the reliability of power supply distribution system was upgraded greatly.


Technological changes have profound impact on all the existing system and surroundings. .Digitalizationhas brought the transformation in all the routine activities and the way to earn, learn, shop and play. In acollective way production and contours of work are being changed, vis a vis social and political actions, inthe forms of rules, regulations and policies, are determined to unfold the future.To view clinical legal education from global perspective, it is a movement with objective to educate lawyersfor social justice. This area of law education is most influential across the world. If common essentialelements are followed throughout the globe, it may transform legal education into justice education in realsense and can contribute to future growth. When everything is within the ambit of globe, it is time to developprofessional skills and experiential teaching method to promote new concepts of greater global relevanceand impact.With the change of global trends and merging national boundaries, goals of clinical movement is alsochanging, consisting of three aspects – increasing access to justice, training future lawyers in professionalskills and values and promoting a more diverse skilled legal profession committed to serving social needs.There is need to have global network and to support emerging global concept with clinical movement withthe capacity to stimulate contribution and interest in clinical legal education far beyond the capacity of anygroup of individual clinical expertise.


A passive signal processing technique of miniature (approximately equals 20 micrometers ) low finesse Fibre-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor with digital processing is demonstrated, where the quadrature is achieved using a single dual wavelength source.


A series of tetradentate Pt(II) emitters containing fused 5/6/6 metallocycles have been designed and synthesized. Molecular geometries play a critical role in determining the photophysical properti...


The order of authors in Opt. Lett.32, 1680 (2007) was incorrect as published. The order has been corrected online as of August 1, 2007.


This study investigates the issue of pricing with a focus on potential asymmetric effects of positive and negative price deviations – deviations from the internal reference price – price paid the other buyers of durable good (car navigation system). The results indicate that the hypothesized asymmetric effects between positive and negative price deviations exist in buyers' judgments of price fairness, although this is not the case in overall price perceptions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ss.90.4.14247


Toner and his method is presented for electrophotography. The toner includes a latex, a colorant and a release agent, and has a content of a predetermined surface of the wax.


This article aims to explore how narratives can respond to the current crisis of democracy addressed by critics such as Pierre Rosanvallon, Jacques Rancière, Zygmunt Bauman and Carlo Bordoni among others. To do so, I analyse three texts of the last decade, Colm Tóibín's The Testament of Mary, Naomi Alderman's The Liars' Gospel and Sinan Antoon's The Corpse Washer. Although they do not tackle democracy as a political discourse, they do address its mechanics of representation, the first two being rewritings of the Gospels through the eyes of Christ's mother (from a Catholic and a British Jewish standpoint respectively), while the third looks at occupied Iraq through Jawad, a Shiite corpse washer. Through the three protagonists' humility and ethics of care, these texts provide the basis for my exploration of democratic narratives that complement the classic representability of democracy with compromised relationality.


— The aim of this paper is to investigate the scaling effect in modeling of the earthen dam breach process during the overtopping or piping. Small scale models are inexpensive but in most cases yield unreal results. In scaling the earthen dam breach phenomenon, the effect of grains detachment should be taken into account. In this article attempt is made to consider the effect of grains detachment in an appropriate way in the scaling method. For this purpose the results of real failed dams are utilized. A number of dams with a high height and a number of dams with low height were selected and it was assumed that the laboratory dams are replaced by the small dams. Then the ratio of their corresponding heights is taken as the scaling factor and the scale of grains detachment is calculated. Calculation of the maximum outflow discharge from dam based on this ratio yields an appropriate estimate of this parameter.


Many automated image-based applications have need of finding small spots in a variably noisy image. For humans, it is relatively easy to distinguish objects from local surroundings no matter what else may be in the image. We attempt to capture this distinguishing capability computationally by calculating a measurement that estimates the strength of signal within an object versus the noise in its local neighborhood. First, we hypothesize various sizes for the object and corresponding background areas. Then, we compute the Local Area Signal to Noise Ratio (LASNR) at every pixel in the image, resulting in a new image with LASNR values for each pixel. All pixels exceeding a pre-selected LASNR value become seed pixels, or initiation points, and are grown to include the full area extent of the object. Since growing the seed is a separate operation from finding the seed, each object can be any size and shape. Thus, the overall process is a 2-stage segmentation method that first finds object seeds and then grows them to find the full extent of the object. This algorithm was designed, optimized and is in daily use for the accurate and rapid inspection of optics from a large laser system (National Ignition Facility (NIF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA), which includes images with background noise, ghost reflections, different illumination and other sources of variation.


Excerpt To the editor: The recent paper by Koffler, Friedler, and Massry (Ann Intern Med85:23-28, 1976) attributes hypercalcemia in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure to either secondary hyp...


The problem of learning qualitative models of physical systems from observations of its behaviour has been addressed by several researchers in recent years. Most current techniques limit themselves to learning a single qualitative di erential equation to model the entire system. However, many systems have several qualitative differential equations underlying them. In this paper, we present an approach to learning the models for such systems. Our technique divides the behaviours into segments, each of which can be explained by a single qualitative di erential equation. The qualitative model for each segment can be generated using any of the existing techniques for learning a single model. We show the results of applying our technique to several examples and demonstrate that it is e ective.


This article looks at the

Interrelationship of analysis and creative thinking, which are two of the five factors previously identified as critical for strategic success.

Shows how a deficiency of either factor can lead to defective strategies.

Suggests that analysis is not always objective, and that it can be heavily influenced by behavioural considerations.

Examines other issues in analysis and the role of techniques.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health hazard. The tuberculin skin test is one of the diagnostic tools in this regard. Since BCG vaccination is performed during infancy in Iran, a positive tuberculin skin test (PPD) may confuse the physician. For this reason we performed this study on adults. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 433 soldiers between 2006 and 2007. Demographic data like age, level of education, family history of tuberculosis, place of residence, cigarette smoking, and chronic cough for more than 3 weeks, were collected from each patient. All patients had a history of BCG vaccination during infancy and its scar was detected in all of them. Purified protein derivative (PPD) test was performed. A 0.1 ml of 5TU PPD solution was injected intradermally into the volar face of the forearm and after 72h transverse diameter of the induration was measured in millimeters with a transparent ruler. Induration size greater than l0mm was considered a positive reaction. All patients were followed for one year and participated again in the second phase of PPD injection after one year. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software ver.13. Paired t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical evaluation. Results: All soldiers were male with a mean age of 23.2±1.8 yrs. Twenty-three cases (5.3%) had positive tuberculin skin tests after one year. The highest level of education was high school diploma in 288 soldiers (66.5%). There was no significant correlation between the educational background and positivity of the tuberculin skin test (p=0.219). Twenty-two cases (5%) had a history of cigarette smoking which was significantly related to positive tuberculin skin tests (p=0.001). There was chronic cough in 44 (10.6%) soldiers which did not have any significant correlation with tuberculin skin test results (p=0.6). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of new cases of tuberculosis was more than 5% per year. Therefore,


The present investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Egypt during the two successive seasons 1998/99 and 19 99/2000 seasons to study the response of seven sugar beet cultivars to number of foliar application with mixture of microelements. The seven cultivars were lola, Toro, Farida, Pleno, Oscar poly, Nejma and Betapoly. The mixture of the studied microelements consists of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, B and Mo. The plants spraied with the mixture of microelements once at 50 days from planting and twice at 50 and 65 days from planting. Cutlivars exhibited significantly differences in dry matter (g/plant), root yield, and sugar yield, in favour Toro and Farida cultivars combared with the cultivar Lola in both seasons. Foliar spraying twice with the mixture of microelements significantly increased root length and diameter, dry matter, root yield, Top yields, TSS %, sucrose percentage, sugar yield. On the other hand, repeating foliar spraying with of microelements signifiantly decreased root /top ratio in both seasons. Foliar application with the mixture of microelements twice at 50 and 65 days from planting significantly increased root length and diameter, dry matter, root and top yields/fed, TSS%, sucrose percentage and sugar yield/fed. than spraying the mixture once at 50 days from planting or with water. On the other hand, raising the number of spraying with the mixture of microelements from zero to twice decrease root/top ratio in both seasons. So, we can concluded that foliar application of the mixture of micronutrients twice, at 50 and 65 days from sowing for cultivars Toro and Farida gave the highest results from sugar root and sugar yields/fed.


Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of rhein level in bone and observe its bone-targeted character.Methods:After refrigeration,fragmentation,precipitation protein and extraction,the concentration of rhein was analyzed by RP-HPLC.The separation was performed on a Phenomenex ODS-C18 column(250mm×4.6mm,5μm) with mobile phase of methanol-acetic acid water solution-triethylamine(400∶150∶0.55,pH 5.0).The UV-detector was set at 420nm.Results:The recoveries of rhein in bone were more than 98% and less than 106%.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.04~20.00μg·g-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999.The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were less than 6%.Conclusion:The method is simple,precise,accurate and can be used for studies of rhein in mouse bone.And rhein has the trend of bone affinity.


Studying the genetics of seedcoat color in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in F2 progenies is very difficult because of complex epistatic interactions, and the analysis is complicated further by multiple allelism, especially at the C locus. An alternative approach is to study seedcoat genetics by analyzing the F 1 progeny of test crosses between a variety with unknown seedcoat genotype and genetic tester stocks with known genotypes. Twenty varieties, 18 with known genotype at C, were test crossed with the genetic tester stock c u BC3 5-593, where 5-593 is a recurrent parent with seedcoat genotype P (C r) D J G B V Rk. The resulting F1 progenies were classified into seven phenotypic classes and discussed. The crosses g B v BC3 5-593 x c u BC3 5-593 and c u BC3 5-593 x v BC3 5-593 were made and the F2 progeny classified for flower color and seedcoat color and pattern. No tiny cartridge buff flecks were observed in the segregants with C/c u v/v, whereas C/c u V/- always showed such flecks. The contrasting seedcoat color expression at C in different environ- mental conditions is discussed. Seedcoat color in common bean is con- trolled primarily by a system of eight genes, viz., P, C, D, J, G, B, V, and Rk, and the effect of each of the genes has been described by Prakken (1970, 1972). Leakey (1988) gave a highly speculative hypothesis about the role each of those genes may play in the metabolic pathways in the synthesis of flavonoid pig- ments in the seedcoats of common bean. The knowledge about the genetics of seedcoat color was developed typically by analyzing F2 and F3 populations derived from a cross of two inbred parents with different seedcoat colors. An easier method for deter- mining seedcoat genotype is needed to enable nonspecialists to obtain reliable results with- out prior mastery of the very complicated system of interactions among the seedcoat color genes. A method of determining seedcoat genotype using test crosses between an inbred line to be studied and a series of genetic testers stocks was proposed by Bassett (1992). The seedcoat color of the F 1 progeny of the test crosses is used to determine the seedcoat geno- type of the inbred tested. The C locus has been, by far, the most difficult object of study for bean seedcoat geneticists. This locus can be viewed either as having a multiple allelic series (Nakayama, 1964) or as a complex locus (Prakken, 1970, 1974). The term 'complex C locus' of Prakken (1970, 1974) refers to a series of tightly linked genes that control color expression not only in


The quantum state of a system of k particles can be viewed as a tensor of order k. Local stochastic operations on a quantum state correspond to the application of linear maps to the indices of the corresponding tensor and are studied in entanglement theory and implemented in current quantum information science experiments. Interestingly, the notion of tensor transformation is at the heart of the study of the computational complexity of algebraic problems such as the multiplication of matrices. Strassen's breakthrough algorithm for the multiplication of d-by-d matrices that runs faster than your standard d high-school algorithm spurred a whole development of tensor theory. In these notes (based on lectures given at the Boulder summer school on condensed matter physics 2018), I will explain these connections in the case k = 3 and show how they elucidate our understanding of both entanglement and matrix multiplication. For more recent developments on the subject, please see my presentations on tensors at https://prezi. com/user/christandl/. I will review these connections and present recent results on quantum information-inspired functionals that can serve as obstructions for asymptotic tensor transformations.


The evolution of the Internet into the Global Information Infrastructure has lead to an explosion in the amount of available information. The Web, then, is becoming the apocryphal Vox Populi, and represents an instance of a semi-structured Distributed Knowledge Environment [27]. Realizing the vision of distributed knowledge access in this scenario and its future evolution will need tools to "personalize" the information space. If one were to look at the Web as a distributed, heterogeneous information base, Web personalization amounts to creating a system which responds to user queries in a manner which is dependent on who the user is. As a trivial example a biologist querying on cricket in all likelihood wants something other than a sports enthusiast would.


The methodological approaches to the formation and development of land relations in the transition process of the agricultural enterprises oriented to the use of land as a production system that supports environmental safety soil, food, ecosystems and people are discussed. According to the author, these approaches depend on ecological processes, biological diversity, natural cycles typical for local conditions, avoiding the use of chemicals. It is emphasized that the use of land resources by mankind is not done locally, in isolation, but systematically. Productive properties of land and the conditions of the natural environment on the relevant territory are organically interconnected and united on the basis of the principle of the unity of the territory. This principle determines favorable or unfavorable natural-climatic conditions as a possibility of rational and integrated use of land resources. The land in the production process acts as an object of social-economic relations, ownership, management and use. This pattern is present in almost all spheres of industrial activity, but more intensively in agricultural sector. The author believes that explore this fact necessary in the projection of the agrarian sphere. In the author's opinion, in the formation of the methodological approach to the development of the system of land relations in agrarian sphere at the regional level there is a real possibility due to the irregularity of factors of natural-economic environment to bring important adjustments in land relations at the level of the Russian Federation constituent entities; and that does not contradict the Russian Constitution. In addition to the political orientation of the authorities of a given region, there are still quite objective reasons having a serious impact on the level of development of land relations on the level of a Russian Federation constituent entity.


The genesis and mineralization age of Dahe copper deposit,Henan province,is controversial from it's found to the mine closure.According to investigating the field geology and existing materials,this paper deals with the formation age of Dahe deposit.The U-Pb ages of zircons from granite enclave of lamprophyre in the ore district are measured and yields weighted average age of(144±1)Ma.This age indicates the existing of Yanshanian granite,which may be the source of Dahe copper deposit,and brings the great prospecting potential in the depth of Dahe deposit.


According to the situation of heat exchangers′s fouling of Halfaya oilfield in Iraq, Kern-Seaton calcium carbonate deposition-denudation growth model was adopted for its theoretical prediction. The said prediction model was constructed by taking the influence of temperature on the fouling process into consideration,the fouling resistances of the heat exchangers at different operating conditions and any point of time could be calculated with numerical simulation method, the calculation result matched well with the actual condition. Using resin separation method to demineralize the river water, and then, the fouling of the heat exchangers disappeared.


This review systematically summarized the results from domestic and international studies on forecasting models for predicting blood demand. Models were classified according to their duration time of prediction. The basic configuration of various models were illustrated and the relevant factors that could influence the implementation of the models were discussed. Finally,some suggestions on the possible directions of research in the future were brought forward.


The United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aims to mitigate natural disasters, specifically in developing regions. It promotes the adoption of people-centered disaster risk reduction approaches. Hence, citizen science represents an interesting tool to engage populations in the mitigation of disaster risk, through data collection and analysis, and in the dissemination of scientific and safety information. Herein, we evaluate the potential and feasibility of a citizen science project on the island of Mayotte (in the Mozambique Channel). Mayotte has been experiencing an unexpected volcano-seismic crisis since 2018, which has generated strong anxiety in the population. To address this, we have developed a citizen seismology program to engage Mayotte's inhabitants in seismic data processing. First, we conducted an initial test of our protocol to identify seismic events with a set of university students. We then conducted 15 interviews with members of local administrations and associations to assess the potential for engaging the general population in this project. The results show that we are able to collect reliable data from citizens with non-professional backgrounds using the protocol designed in the project. We also show a strong demand for scientific information from Mayotte's inhabitants, associated with a robust trust in science and scientists, despite the circulation of alternative explanations for the seismicity among the population. Based on these results, our citizen science project could be positively received by Mayotte's inhabitants, if advertised adequately. Finally, we discuss the value of these results for disaster risk reduction in vulnerable territories.


Predictive data modeling is a critical practice for the behavioral sciences; however, it is under-practiced in part due to the incorrect view that machine learning (ML) models are "black boxes," unable to be used for inferential purposes. In this work, we present an argument for the adoption of techniques from interpretable Machine Learning (ML) by behavioral scientists. Our argument is structured around the dispelling of three misconceptions, or myths, about interpretability. First, while ML models' interpretability is often viewed dichotomously, being either interpretable (e.g., linear regression) or "black boxes" (e.g., neural networks), the reality is far more nuanced, affected by multiple factors which should jointly affect model choice. Second, we challenge the idea that interpretability is a necessary trade-off for predictive accuracy, reviewing recent methods from the field which are able to both model complex phenomena and expose the mechanism by which phenomena are related. And third, we present post hoc explanation, a recent approach that applies additional methods to black box models, countering the belief that black box models are inherently unusable for the behavioral sciences.


This paper analysed the energy consumption of urban households in Nanjing and the influencing factors in this energy consumption. The households studied were located in three urban districts of Nanjing: the city centre, a spontaneous residential area around the old city, and a planned satellite town. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on building characteristics, household characteristics, use of domestic appliances, and fuel oil consumption. Energy use was analysed by conversion into CO 2 emissions. The study found that household use and transport were the two main contributors to domestic energy consumption. Household electricity consumption showed obvious seasonal characteristics (higher in summer than in other seasons), while transport energy consumption showed geographical characteristics (the old town had lowest transport energy consumption). Highly efficient devices may not render buildings more energy-efficient, so architects should seek to reduce the need for such devices. Energy consumption and income were generally positively correlated. Family structure also influenced energy consumption, with high-income families and small families consuming more energy per capita. Economic and social factors were found to be equally important to technical factors for energy efficiency. Based on the findings, some possible policies are recommended.


In this study, on the basis of article " Next/last and the others. The adjectives deictic in ordeal of the space†written by A.-M. Berthnonneau, who looked at how the adjectives next/last are used together with the names of time and space, we aim to present the system corresponding to next/last, preceding/following in Turkish


As the world moves towards a virtual age, the increasing use and reliance on computers can not be avoided.Indeed, the use of computers has touched every aspect of life of people around the world.On the other hand, computer technologies also have ability to destroy those benefits if they are wrongly used to gain unethical
advantage from these technologies.Studies in United States of America, Europe and Australia show that computer crime has grown along with the increase jn the use of computers.Considering the alarming growth figures of computer crime around the world, it is believed that Malaysia too is also experiencing similar problems.So, this
study is attempts to determine the scope of computer crime in Malaysian financial institutions as well as raise the level of security awareness. The results will potentially provide us with better understanding of the threats as we gathered the database.


In this experimental investigation, the post sintering mechanical treatment was implemented by cold swaging the produced tungsten alloy rods with composition (90W-7Ni-3Fe %wt) by cold isostatic press with 300 MPa, and appling different reductions of cross sectional area varying from 10% up to 50%. On the mechanical and microstructure properties of the tungsten heavy all oy (89.97W-7Ni-3Fe-0.03 Y2O3 %wt). Elemental powders were mixed for 120 min. Green compacted by cold isostatic press with 300 MPa, and Finally the specimens were sintered at 1480oC for 90 min under vacuum atmosphere. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and hardness were remarkably increased by about 39% and 45% respectively, by the application of 50% area reduction by swaging, relative to the sintered specimens. On the other hand, ductility and impact resistance were deeply decreased by about 75% and 53% respectively, by also, the application of 50% area reduction by swaging.


We propose a two-component dark matter explanation to the EDGES 21 cm anomalous signal. The heavier dark matter component is long-lived, and its decay is primarily responsible for the relic abundance of the lighter dark matter, which is millicharged. To evade the constraints from CMB, underground dark matter direct detection, and XQC experiments, the lifetime of the heavier dark matter has to be larger than , where is the age of the universe. Our model provides a viable realization of the millicharged dark matter model to explain the EDGES 21 cm signal, since the minimal model in which the relic density is generated via thermal freeze-out has been ruled out by various constraints.


Area routing based on gridless model is widely used in analog layout. Since there is no grid in the routing process, the router needs to decide the proper position where contact or via will be placed for connecting different routing layers. To solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to quickly and accurately find the maximum internal connecting rectangle in a Manhatten Polygon. Such an algorithm helps to enhance the routing quality and reduce the routing time.