The present paper is aimed to study the conceptual feasibility of a fabrication of structures from the moon soil by selective sintering on a 3D printer by means of sun radiation. Establishment of a habitable Lunar base is a target mission of space agencies of the USA, Europe, China, Japan and India. Therefore, the search for possible methods of constructing the structures of different buildings on the Moon providing a minimum power consumption is of interest. The most preferable way of fabricating building materials would be the sintering of the moon soil by means of focused sun radiation. To realize it, it is necessary to develop a relevant technology in laboratory conditions using the simplest model soils. Special equipment has been developed with an artificial sun radiation and a high quality artificial moon soil. Sintering of the soil by radiation of a high power xenon gas discharge lamp with sapphire window has been carried out. As the artificial moon soil, a silica glass nanopowder has been used. The sintering has been carried out at different values of radiant flux density of the gas discharge lamp. The basic factor characterizing the production efficiency of technology is a time interval required for sintering a sample with a specified thickness. Another factor is the internal porosity of material obtained, which must be known to estimate the gas permeability and strength of future moon structures. The samples obtained have been studied in terms of porosity and strength. The results obtained have shown that 3D printing based on sintering by sun radiation to make building materials on the Moon is a promising method. The method developed can make a basis for the design a 3D printing equipment for future Lunar missions.


Due to the costs of related technologies, tracking studies typically use low numbers of animals as representative samples for whole group or species analysis, often without clear knowledge as to how representative these numbers are. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has the potential to considerably improve radio‐frequency (RF)‐based tracking systems. This includes improved line‐of‐sight visibility, access and range in difficult terrain and an increase in achievable spatial accuracy. This paper presents details of a fully custom‐built active RF identification tag and receiver system bespoke to UAVs, compatible with both multi‐rotor and fixed‐wing platforms. Using sheep as a model, we show the suitability of this system for tracking large terrestrial mammals. During static testing using both platform types, we calculated a spatial accuracy of 58.5 m (based on 95th percentile/R95 parameter) for this system using data from 14 flights (n = 175 tag interactions). When tested on sheep, working tags were detected 93% of the time over seven conducted flights. We provide practical considerations for operating this system on a UAV platform, address concerns relating to the system and identify future areas of research both for this system and other UAV‐based RF tracking systems.


The nontrivial topology of spin systems such as skyrmions in real space can promote complex electronic states. Here, we provide a general viewpoint at the emergence of topological electronic states in spin systems based on the methods of noncommutative K-theory. By realizing that the structure of the observable algebra of spin textures is determined by the algebraic properties of the noncommutative hypertorus, we arrive at a unified understanding of topological electronic states which we predict to arise in various noncollinear setups. The power of our approach lies in an ability to categorize emergent topological states algebraically without referring to smooth real- or reciprocal-space quantities. This opens a way towards an educated design of topological phases in aperiodic, disordered, or non-smooth textures of spins and charges containing topological defects.


Lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a rare presentation of extranodal lymphoma with a natural history that is not well characterized in this era of combination chemotherapy. The goals of this retrospective study were 1) to define the natural history of sinonasal lymphomas; 2) to compare the results of radiation therapy (XRT) alone with those of combined modality therapy (CMT) in the treatment of patients with lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; and 3) to define prognostic factors for each treatment.


Summary. DNA from 110 adult de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients exhibiting either inv(16) (n = 63) or t(8;21) (n = 47) was screened for mutations in the c‐KIT (exon 8 and Asp816) and FLT3 (ITD and Asp835) genes. c‐KIT exon 8 mutations were found in 15/63 (23·8%) inv(16) patients and 1/47 (2·1%) t(8;21) patients. c‐KIT Asp816 mutations were present in 5/63 (7·9%) inv(16) AML and 5/47 (10·6%) t(8;21) AML. FLT3 mutations were identified in five patients (7·9%) with inv(16) and three patients (5·6%) with t(8;21) AML. All mutations were mutually exclusive; 40% of inv(16) AML patients possessed either a c‐KIT or FLT3 mutation. c‐KIT exon 8 mutations were shown to be a significant factor adversely affecting relapse rate.


as the primary means of publishing our research results. In contrast, the prevailing academic standard of 'publish' is 'publish in archival journals.' Why are we the only discipline driving on the conference side of the 'publication road?'" In response to my editorial, Lance Fortnow wrote a Viewpoint column (Aug. 2009, p. 33), entitled "Time for Computer Science to Grow Up," in which he concluded: "Computer science has grown to become a mature field where no major university can survive without a strong CS department. It is time for computer science to grow up and publish in a way that represents the major discipline it has become." The May 2009 editorial and the August 2009 column attracted a lot of attention in the blogosphere. The reaction has been mostly sympathetic to the point of view reflected in both pieces. For example, Jeanette Wing asked in her blog: "How can we break the cycle of deadline-driven research?", and Filippo Menczer, in a Letter to the Editor published in the November 2009 issue, said: "I propose the abolition of conference proceedings altogether." Not everyone, however, agreed with this point of view. For example, in another Letter to the Editor from the November 2009 issue, Jano van Hemert said: "For CS to grow up, CS journals must grow up first." Mr. van Hemert's issue with computing-research journals is that they are known to have "slow turnaround, with most taking at least a year to make a publish/reject decision and some taking much longer before publishing." Such end-to-end times, he argued, "are unheard of in other fields where journal editors make decisions in weeks, sometimes days." While I have not see concrete data comparing publishing turnaround times for computing-research journals to those in other technical fields, there is abundance of anecdotal data supporting the claim that computingresearch journals are indeed quite slow. (The average time to editorial decision for Communications is under two months; that takes a concerted effort by the editorial board to ensure that the editorial process does not stall.) What is the reason for the unacceptably slow turnaround time in computing-research journals? When considering this question, one must factor the problem into two separate issues: time from submission to editorial decision, and time from positive editorial decision to publication. First let us address the latter issue. All periodical journals have editorial "pipelines." No publisher wants to face the threat of an empty issue; it's akin to the dreaded dead air on television! Successful journals that attract many submissions often see their pipelines extend for up to two years. With the advent of electronic publishing, this problem can be eliminated or at least minimized. Communications uses its Virtual Extension (VE) to ensure its pipeline does not get longer than six months. VE articles undergo the same rigorous review process as those in the print edition and are accepted for publication on their merit. These articles are available in ACM's Digital Library. Let us now consider the editorial process in computing-research journals. Why is it soooo slow? Consider who is in charge of that process. It is not the publishers; it is the editors and referees. In other words, it is us. The process is slow because that is the way we run it. If we want it changed, it is up to us to change it! I suspect that we cannot separate our conference-focused publication culture from our sluggish journal editorial process. Conferences have sharp deadlines, journals do not. We simply do not take our roles as editors and referees as seriously as we do as program committee members because we do not take journals as seriously as other fields. If we, as a community, decide that we need to shift from conference-based publication to journal-based publication, we definitely must address the slow editorial process, but we should not complain about "them journals." We have found the enemy, and it is us! The 2010 Conference of the Computing Research Association (July 18– 20, Snowbird, UT) will have a plenary panel on "Peer Review in Computing Research." I look forward to that discussion and hope it will help our community reach consensus on this issue.


The heat transfer from low-temperature hot water floor radiant-heating system is affected by geometrical sizes and by complicated boundary conditions. Using finite-element solution, this paper has produced numerical analysis of multi-layer two-dimensional conduction on the multifarious panels under non-linear boundary condition. It also presents the quantified relations, which describe how different factors, such as floor materials and their thickness, distance between the tubes, diameter of tubes, water temperature and indoor temperature, affect heat transfer from the floor panel.


The paper addresses the problem of computing lower bounds on the optimal costs associated with each unary assignment of a value to a variable in combinatorial optimization problems. This problem is instrumental in a variety of domains, in particular in proba-bilistic reasoning. Our aim is to use such lower bounds as a look-ahead procedure guiding search algorithms for optimal solutions. In particular, such lower bounds can be used in look-ahead methods for dynamic variable and value selections strategies that detect and prune infeasible values. The paper applies the mini-bucket elimination scheme 3] to accomplish this task. We show that by applying the mini-bucket elimination just twice, up and down, along a bucket-tree ordering, we may get a linear speed up over a brute-force application of this approximation idea for that task. Such performance improvements are essential if we are planning to apply the scheme at every node in the search tree.


Boredom, like pain, is a subjective experience, but while the sources of pain can be either internal or external to the subject, the causes of boredom are always external. Understanding boredom as a reaction to external influences requires inquiries into the subjective awareness of boredom and into the social and cultural conditions giving rise to boredom. After briefly investigating these areas, I suggest that in the past boredom was seen as a necessary ingredient to creative inspiration and self-understanding, and as a contributor to autonomy in judgment and taste. I argue for a new form of boredom seen only with recent advances in information technology. Increasingly, individuals spend their work hours involved in electronic mail and on-line information interaction. The attempt to match the speed and capacity of information technology results in restricted modes of behaviour and cognitive saturation. As a consequence, one is aware of one's boredom but no cognitive capacity remains to consider realms outside the immediate moment. I conclude with the suggestion that the boredom that accompanies involvement in information technology produces a self-identity crafted by technological intervention and fashion, yields the false autonomy of a manipulated consumer, and invites superficial social relations.


This paper describes some cell technologies for high-density FeRAMs. A ferroelectric capacitor ∼ over bit line (F-COB) cell architecture using one transistor and one ferroelectric capacitor is introduced to reduce the cell area. A memory cell with a 0.7 μm design rule was successfully fabricated using CMP and MOCVD techniques. Good ferroelectric properties of strange capacitor have been realized and the cell operation has been confirmed.


Stiffness-toughness heat deflection temperature (HDT) balanced biocomposites were fabricated in this work through structuring novel biodegradable blends. Starting from partially miscible polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), nano-structured PBS/PBAT blends underwent reactive extrusion in the presence of free radicals. The processed nano-blends exhibited full compatibility with PBAT droplets dispersed at a nanoscale (droplet diameter was <100 nm). Resulting from the nanoscale dispersion of PBAT, the PBS/PBAT nano-blends exhibited super-toughness with a high melt strength. Further incorporation of agriculture residues, being miscanthus fiber and its derivate biocarbon, into the nano-blends significantly improved their modulus by a factor of 3 times, as well as the HDT. The miscanthus fiber derivative biocarbon performed better in improving the thermal-mechanical properties of the matrix, resulting from its micro-size and better thermal stability. The nano-blends and micro/macro-sustainable filler reinforcements provided a synergistic effect of nano-toughness and micro and macro-reinforcements. New-generation hierarchical biocomposites with excellent mechanical strength and processability have been prepared, which is expected to promote the application of biocomposites in different industrial sectors.


Described in this paper is the application and management of wireless local area network(LAN),features and safety protection based on the application of it in the Medical Library of the Chinese PLA.


The significance finding of the study were as follows. First, it clarified the factors of tourism information sources based on preceding studies and through the factor analysis of measured data, it was proven to be reasonable and appropriate that observed variables used in this study can be used in other studies related to tourism information sources. Second, through hypothesis testing of this study, it was found that there is a difference in the selection of tourism information sources based on tourist types. The most frequently chosen information sources by the total group of tourists was personal/noncommercial information sources. Package tourists were likely to choose personal information sources and independent free tourists were likely to choose noncommercial information sources. The result indicated that appropriate information and marketing strategy were necessary for each of the tourist type.


The paper introduces the corrosion and its harmfulness to military equipment and components. Normal technology, new technology and potential application of corrosion testing are brought out including optical visual testing, resistance and electric potential, current testing, leakage method, galvano-chemistry technology, transient electromagnetic and electromagnetic microwave. The principle, equipments and technology of pulsed temperature writing-method are introduced mainly. This testing technology has special character on testing corrosion defaults of present military equipments and plays key role of reducing risk of corrosion defaults, decreasing maintenance expenses. Finally, future testing methods and instruments are expounded.


The invention provides a traction converter and a light rail vehicle. The traction converter is mounted at the top of the light rail vehicle, and comprises a mounting box, a centrifugal fan and two groups of power and control modules, wherein the mounting box is provided with a box body cover and a box body; an air inlet and an air outlet opposite to the air inlet are formed in the box body; the centrifugal fan is fixed at the bottom of the box body and is provided with vents; the two groups of power and control modules are fixed on the both sides of the centrifugal fan, respectively; air blown out from the centrifugal fan is discharged out through the air outlet after passing through the power and control modules. The traction converter provided by the technical scheme is provided with the two power and control modules, so that compared with that of an existing traction converter, the power output by the traction converter can be larger.


Usurpatory crime has its obvious legal characteristics.It should be distinguished with theft improper benefit,lien and pawn.Nowadays usurpatory crime still has some legal imperfections and needs to be further perfected.


This study proposes two empirical relationships to estimate the parameters of van Genuchten's formula for modeling the water retention curve from the particle-size distribution. The relationships a...


Contents: Introduction: theory, not method - thinking with Lefebvre, Christian Schmid, Auukasz Stanek and Akos Moravanszky. Part I On Complete Urbanization: The trouble with Henri: urban research and the theory of the production of space, Christian Schmid During the urban revolution - conjunctures on the streets of Dhaka, Elisa T. Bertuzzo Where Lefebvre meets the East: urbanization in Hong Kong, Wing-Shing Tang Henri Lefebvre and 'colonization': from reinterpretation to research, Stefan Kipfer and Kanishka Goonewardena. Part II Contradictions of Abstract Space: Plan Puebla Panama: the violence of abstract space, Japhy Wilson 'Greater Paris': urbanization but no urbanity - how Lefebvre predicted our metropolitan future, Jean-Pierre Garnier The production of urban competitiveness: modelling 22@Barcelona, Greig Charnock and Ramon Ribera-Fumaz Reconstructing New Orleans and the right to the city, M. Christine Boyer. Part III Everyday Architectures: Ground exploration: producing everyday life at the South Bank, 1948-1951, Nick Beech The space of the square: a Lefebvrean archaeology of Budapest, Akos Moravanszky The archi-texture of power: an inquiry into the spatial textures of post-socialist Sarajevo, Mejrema ZatriA For difference 'in and through' Sao Paulo: the regressive-progressive method, Fraya Frehse. Part IV Urban Society and its Projects: Architectural project and the agency of representation: the case of Nowa Huta, Poland, Auukasz Stanek The debate about Berlin Tempelhof Airport, or: a Lefebvrean critique of recent debates about affect in geography, Ulrich Best Novi Beograd: reinventing Utopia, Ljiljana BlagojeviA Lefebvrean vaguenesses: going beyond diversion in the production of new spaces, Jan Lilliendahl Larsen. Index.


The tracer-diffusion coefficients of water in aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride and tetra-n-propylammonium chloride have been determined at 298.2 K by the diaphragm-cell method using deuterium as a tracer. Observed retardation of water diffusion is discussed in terms of the obstruction effect by applying Wang's theory.


In this paper, we make a comparative study of the performance of three methods for predicting the power output of a photovoltaic installation: Decision Tree, Random Forest and XGBoost. We performed these predictions in Python using as input meteorological data such as wind speed, sun position, temperature, direct irradiation, diffuse irradiation and reflected irradiation and as output data the power output of a 1000Wp panel. These data were downloaded from the PVGIS database for the city of Natitingou (Benin) and for a period of 12 years (from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2016). We obtained as Mean Square Errors 2.195026, 3.058383 and 5.544319 respectively for the XGBoost, Random Forest and Decision Tree and for Regression Values 0.9999999194, 0.9999797366 and 0.9997013968 respectively for the XGBoost, Random Forest and Decision Tree. We conclude that all three models are effective for the forecasting task performed but that the XGBoost is the best performing model with Mean Square Error and Regression Value of 2.195026 and 0.9999999194 respectively.


Eugene O'Neill is the foremost playwright and the founder of the American theatre, there has not been any dramatist to equal him. Although Eugene O'Neill lived in a world of pragmatism, he made great efforts to search for the meaning of life. O'Neill is very close to those social outcasts and it is pretty sure that O'Neill portrays them from his loving memory with deep sympathy and understanding. All of his plays are "a cry in the wilderness".


The multimode interference S-bend tap based on the mode-shifting and self-imaging property is proposed to obtain a 5.5% coupling ratio and -0.6 dB polarisation-dependent loss on 12 mum-thick silicon-on-insulator optical waveguides for performance monitoring.


At the time of publication of this editorial, it will have been almost exactly 10 years since Carmen Lawrence, then Federal Minister for Health, prematurely released the results of the Quality in Australian Health Care Study (QAHCS) in Federal Parliament on 1 June 1995. This study has engendered considerable interest and comment, as reflected by the fact that the formal publication of the results, in the Medical Journal of Australia some months later, already ranks amongst its 10 most cited papers in its 90 year existence. The frequency with which patients in Australia were being harmed by health care surprised everyone, including the investigators. Of particular concern was the fact that an ostensibly identical study, also on 15,000 admissions in 1992, but of American rather than Australian medical records, showed that the rate of iatrogenic harm was five times greater in Australia (16.6%) than the U.S.A. (3.4%). However, a reanalysis of the data from both studies carried out by the Harvard School of Public Health and the Australian Patient Safety Foundation (APSF), showed that the rates for both countries are most likely around the 10 to 12% mark, a rate confirmed now in several other countries. The medical profession was understandably angry 10 years ago when it was "ambushed" by the results of QAHCS study, when few even knew it was being carried out. Virtually the only specialty which received positive acclaim was anaesthesia. Nearly half of the adverse events (48%) were attributed to surgery, whereas anaesthesia was implicated in only 2%, and these were associated with less disability, no deaths and fewer additional days in hospital (3 versus 7). That anaesthetists in Australia should have emerged so well is perhaps not surprising. Anaesthetists worldwide have been involved in systematic studies of iatrogenic harm, with a view to its prevention, since the first Hyderabad Chloroform Commission in 1888. Australia was the first country in the world to collect and study all anaesthetic deaths on an ongoing basis, starting with the New South Wales Ministerial Committee for investigating anaesthesiarelated deaths in 1960. Australia was also the first country to set up a national anaesthesia incident monitoring system (AIMS) in 1988. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists has effectively set national standards for many years by publishing over 50 "guidelines". By 1992, the year from which the medical records were drawn for the QAHCS, the use of both oximetry and capnography for every anaesthetized patient had effectively been mandated in Australia and New Zealand. Data from the AIMS study had shown that more than half of all anaesthesia incidents are first detected by a monitor, and that over 90% of these would be detected by the combined use of oximetry and capnography. This had a major influence on the international standards for anaesthesia safety, endorsed by the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists in 1994, which recommended that oximeters and capnographs be purchased before plenum anaesthetic machines. Now that the QAHCS is 10 years old, AIMS is 17 years old and Mortality Reviews are nearing the half century mark, it is worth taking stock with respect to what we know, and what we need to do, to maintain and further enhance the safety of anaesthesia. There are some recent analyses of things that go wrong with anaesthesia in Australia. In this issue there is an article reviewing over 1,200 adverse anaesthesia outcomes reported to a medical defence organisation (MDO) over a five-year-period, and this month, the journal Quality and Safety in Health Care will publish 26 articles on crisis management in anaesthesia, which are based on an analysis of 4,000 AIMS incidents collected over about a five-year period. The latest review of anaesthesia mortality in Australia was published in 2002, and there is the information from the QAHCS.


Habitat loss and fragmentation constrain the survival of most forest‐living mammals, particularly strictly arboreal primates. Because fragment size directly affects food availability, primate survival in small fragments may depend on dietary flexibility. Here, we review the literature on the diet of 29 wild groups of Alouatta guariba clamitans inhabiting forest fragments in Brazil and Argentina. We identify general feeding patterns and analyze the influence of fragment size and latitude on diet composition. Brown howlers presented a diet composed of 402 plant species belonging to 227 genera and 80 families. Rarefaction curves suggest that the richness of top food species is similar among groups living in larger (>100 ha), medium (11–100 ha) or small (1–10 ha) fragments. On average, only 12% of the plant species used as food sources by a given group was also consumed by groups from other sites. The shorter the distance between sites, the higher the diet similarity among groups. Despite their diet flexibility, brown howlers spent >80% of the total feeding records on 6–24 species belonging to genera such as Ficus, Zanthoxylum, and Eugenia. Leaves and fruits were the plant items most consumed (65% and 22% of the total feeding records, respectively). Leaf consumption was not affected by fragment size, but it was inversely related to latitude, which may be linked to an increase in the concentration of secondary metabolites in leaves at higher latitudes. We suggest that the ability of brown howlers to exploit a large number of plant food species, including native and exotic trees, shrubs, vines, and lianas, is an important trait that contributes to their survival in highly fragmented habitats along the Atlantic forest. Similar meta‐analyses of data from other howler species are necessary to test whether such dietary flexibility is a genus‐wide pattern. Am. J. Primatol. 75:16‐29, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This work presents a monolithic integrated supercapacitor (SC), where all the SC components, including current collectors, electrodes and solid-state electrolyte, are arranged in a porous thin support, thus resulting in a significant reduction in the device volume and good interface between each component.


Localizing a source given range measurements from base stations with fixed locations is a nonlinear optimization problem. A typical solution to such a problem is to run iterative algorithms which do not guarantee convergence or use maximum likelihood with grid searches. An alternative is then to transform the problem to a new one for which we know the solution is simple and computationally stable. We formulate the time-of-arrival base localization problem as a constrained robust stochastic least squares problem. While we can solve such problems efficiently the price paid for computational stability is positioning accuracy. Hence there is a trade-off between two desirable properties, accuracy and computational stability.


The Reef machair on the south side of the airfield in Tiree, Argyll is a highly uniform type of grassland which has never been tilled. The airfield was built in the locality during the 1939-45 war and the perimeter fence constitutes an ecological discontinuity of at least twelve years' standing, between grazed and ungrazed grassland. The differences in the soil fauna on either side of the fence are demonstrated by two similar batteries of pit-fall traps over a period of twelve months.

The catches of the traps consist mainly of arthropods. Over eighty species of invertebrate were identified and some of these were used for quantitative analysis. The numerical differences between catches on grazed and ungrazed plots are great, and the taxonomic groups are classified into those which are favoured by grazed and ungrazed conditions. The abundance peaks of the two plots are compared. Most of the groups have a single peak in autumn, a few in early summer and a few in both early summer and autumn. Numbers caught at times of climatic extreme are discussed. This habitat of highly uniform appearance is found to be heterogeneous and the reasons for this are given.

Fencing is an important technique in forestry and wildlife management in Britain. The finer consequences are unknown, and this paper demonstrates what these are likely to be in a simple situation in uniform natural grassland in Tiree.


The differential inversion curve is the loci of thermodynamic states of the vanishing JouleThomson coefficient. The integral inversion curve is the loci of states of vanishing integral isothermal Joule-Thomson effect. The present study examines the behavior of some thermodynamic functions along both inversion curves and explores the interrelation between the two curves. Closed form expressions are derived through the van der Waals equation of state and these are confronted with the real gas data. NOMENCLATURE c P Isobaric specific heat capacity, J · mol -1 · K -1 c V Isochoric specific heat capacity, J · mol -1 · K -1 h Enthalpy, J/mol R h Residual enthalpy at common pressure and temperature, J/mol h T The integral isothermal Joule-Thomson effect, J/mol P Inversion pressure, Pa R Universal constant of gases, 8.314 J · mol -1 · K -1 T Inversion temperature, K T MAX Maximum inversion temperature, K s Entropy, J · mol -1 · K s r Residual entropy at common density and temperature, J · mol -1 · K -1 v Specific volume, m 3 /mol Z Compressibility, P/(R·T· Greek notation Density of an inversion state, mol/m 3 Reduced temperature,T/T C , K ̄ Normalized inversion temperature, T/T MAX , K Reduced inversion pressure, P/P C Reduced density of an inversion state, P/P C Adiabatic Joule-Thomson coefficient, K/Pa 469 Cryocoolers 14, edited by S.D. Miller and R.G. Ross, Jr. ©¶International Cryocooler Conference, Inc., Boulder, CO, 2007 Isothermal Joule-Thomson coefficient, J/Pa Subscripts/Superscript C Critical state DIC Differential inversion curve IIC Integral inversion curve INTRODUCTION The inversion of the Joule-Thomson (J-T) effect was studied at the very early stage (1898) through the van der Waals equation of state (1) by Witkowski 1 , Berthelot 2 , Olszewski 2 , and van der Waals himself. 4 The molecular attractive and repulsion coefficients, a and b, characterize each particular gas. The locus of the differential inversion states is defined by the vanishing of the Joule-Thomson coefficient (2) The states of vanishing integral isothermal J-T effect are the integral inversion state (3) Figure 1 displays for nitrogen the differential inversion curve (DIC) and the integral inversion curve (IIC), both sharing the same maximum inversion temperature, T MAX . Under an isenthalpic expansion, inside the DIC (the bounded zone marked by A, in Figure 1) temperature decreases whether the pressure drop is differential or integral (down to zero pressure). At the unbounded zone marked by C temperature increases under both, a differential and an integral pressure drop. In region B, temperature decreases as a result of an integral pressure drop but decreases when it is differential. The associated reduced value, MAX = T MAX/ T C , of a van der Waals gas is 27/4 while for most real gases (except the quantum gases) range from 4.5 to 5.2. In order to avoid this mismatch, the inversion temperatures are normalized by the particular MAX (or T MAX ) of each gas (4) For the purpose of this study, it replaces the traditional reduced temperature, . The van der Waals predictions are expressed in such a normalized form and compared to real gas data. On a similar ground tried Hendricks et al. 5 to verify the van der Waals prediction that the maximum inversion temperature is twice the Boyle temperature defined by (5) As well, Holleran 6 examined the van der Waals prediction that the compressibility along the DIC gets the unity value at a temperature which is half of the Boyle temperature. While the DIC was intensively explored since the discovery of this effect, the IIC was studied less significantly. 7,8 Furthermore, the interrelation between the two inversion curves was not studied at all. The inversion curves of the quantum gases deserve a special attention and were discussed elsewhere. 8,9


The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the college–level MUSIC model of motivation inventory. Three approaches were used to test the inventory, the internal consistency reliability, the fit index and factor loadings, and the correlation between the five scales in the MUSIC model inventory and student engagement. The results showed that this inventory demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties for use with college students. Therefore, College professors can use the MUSIC model inventory to assess students' motivation-related course perceptions in order to improve their teaching capabilities and overall professional


Applications are no longer monolithic programs written for a specific purpose. Instead, most software today makes extensive use of libraries and re-usable components. This approach generally results in software that is faster to build and more modular. However, one problem with this approach is that the various libraries used by an application are not tuned to the specific application's need. In addition, applications are frequently used in very different ways. For example, different users may employ a single commercial simulation application for radically different types of simulations. As a result of this reuse of software, applications may not run well in all configurations. The transient, rarely repeatable behavior of Grid [3] computing environment indicates the need to replace standard models of post-mortem performance optimization with a real-time model, one that optimizes application and runtime behavior during program execution. Automatic program library selection provides a framework to help with this goal; it helps to tune the application during runtime execution by monitoring the underlying library performance and switching underlying program libraries as needed. This is an important step toward automated performance tuning in Grid computing. To meet the needs of this type of computing environment, we have been developing the Active Harmony system that allows runtime switching of algorithms and application parameters. We have also developed a set of runtime tuning algorithms that help to intelligently set these parameters at runtime to tune the overall performance of an application. Active Harmony is an infrastructure that allows applications to become tunable by applying very minimal changes to the application and library source code. This adaptability provides applications with a way to improve performance during a single execution based on the observed performance. The types of things that can be tuned at runtime range from parameters such as the size of a read-ahead parameter to what algorithm is being used (e.g., heap sort vs. quick-sort).


Purpose – The aim of this work is to examine the Hopfield network for the field programmable gate array (FPGA) cell placement.Design/methodology/approach – Implementation of an algorithm in FPGA circuits requires synthesis, placement and the routing of logic cells. The placement takes the longest time for computation. Therefore, an algorithm for a run‐time reconfigurable system can be chosen from among earlier prepared algorithms. This paper presents a Hopfield neural network for solving the placement problem. The Hopfield network was also used for processing units in a parallel placement. Hardware implementation of presented solutions could accelerate the FPGA placement by orders of magnitude in comparison with placers executed on traditional computers. Hardware accelerators could also be applied to the design of other VLSI circuits. The simulation results for the FPGA placement are presented.Findings – The Hopfield network and parallel placement give comparable placements with the method using a simulat...


The 2000 Surf Zone Acoustic Telemetry Experiment (SZATE) was conducted off of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography pier in La Jolla, CA. In this experiment, measurements were conducted in a very shallow‐water/surf zone (VSW/SZ) region to investigate acoustic propagation and sound channel stability in the coastal area. These measurements utilized two receivers and a broadband source projecting shoreward toward the receivers. The data to be presented were acquired by a computer‐controlled system designed and operated by Grant Deane of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This system provided for 12 18‐min data acquisition periods per day. The probative transmissions to be discussed consisted of a variety of linear frequency‐modulated (LFM) and binary phase shift keyed (BPSK), as well as 4‐ary frequency shift keyed (FSK) signals. Each of the types of signals was used during each data acquisition period, providing a record of propagation throughout the tidal cycle. Results of this acoustic measurement to be ...


Number and types of oral leukocytes counted in concatenated samples of saliva were related to the severity and extent of periodontal disease in 50 individuals between 19 and 65 years of age. The oral polymorphonuclear leukocyte level was independent of leukocyte levels in peripheral blood, and was correlated best with degrees of gingivitis.


With the rapid development of the Internet and the rise of mobile short videos, advertisers have turned their attention to online video advertising. Short video advertisements attract more and more companies to carry out marketing activities through mobile short videos due to their interactive, vivid and mandatory features. Short video advertisements have become the best choice for more companies, so when using short video advertisements to push out content, they should be more aware of each consumer's different purchase intentions. This article investigates the impact of short-video advertisements on consumers' purchase intentions using affective cognitive theory and cognitive mediation theory. The study found that the magnitude of short video bandwagon offers is large enough to make consumers think of taking advantage of them. The odds of purchasing are increased because of supporting a favorite anchor. Watching the same advertisement for a long time will leave a deep impression and increase the chance of purchase. In the era of big data, the database analyzes consumers and pushes products with a high probability of purchase. Finally, the article also gives some recommendations for advertisers and short-form video software providers based on the research.


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Some problems existed in the course of make out,issue,publicize and implement of the current environmental standards are discussed in the paper Proposals on the standardization of above procedures are tabled


Over the course of the last few years, a great number of studies have been carried out in the field of IoT. It has been found that there is an issue with the performance of the secure data transmission that takes place between sensor nodes and IoT devices. There is an urgent need for inventive strategies that can increase the amount of data that can be sent. In addition to this, a strategy that makes better use of energy should be put into action as soon as possible. Research is now looking at both IoT and a deep learning approach as part of the preparation for the next set of activities. In addition to the energy consumptions, there are a number of other aspects that have the ability to impact both the performance and the throughput of the work that is now being provided. A few examples of these considerations include the geographical distance, the rate of motion of the sensor nodes, and the calibre of the transmission devices. Make a recommendation for a method that can combine data compression with machine learning in order to develop a system that is both efficient in terms of energy consumption and has a high throughput. There is now research being conducted on IoT-based systems to study their degree of performance and safety, in addition to the amount of energy they save while routing data.


James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Pioneers3 and Chief Justice John Marshall's opinion Johnson v. M'Intosh4 were published in the same year, 1823. Both take part in the contemporary debate over indigenous land rights from a similar authorial viewpoint-that of white male landowners. Marshall's opinion, however, has the force of law behind it, while Cooper's novel is merely a work of popular literature. That said, Johnson was certainly read by far fewer people than The Pioneers.5 While Marshall's opinion became


The emerging science of gravitational wave astronomy is optimistically named. Astronomy depends ultimately on observations, yet the only output of gravitational wave detectors has so far been noise generated within the instruments. There is good reason, based on experimental and theoretical progress, to believe that things are about to change. As an example of progress on the theoretical side, Kenta Kiuchi of Waseda University, Yuichiro Sekiguchi of the National Astronomical Observatory, Masaru Shibata of Kyoto University (all in Japan), and Keisuke Taniguchi of the University of Wisconsin, US, report in Physical Review Letters simulations of neutron star mergers that reveal new details of the gravitational waves they are expected to emit [1]. The effort to detect gravitational waves started humbly fifty years ago with Joe Weber's bar detectors [2]. Today the field is a thriving example of Big Science, including large facilities [3] in the US (LIGO) and Italy (VIRGO), smaller installations in Germany (GEO 600) and Japan (TAMA, LCGT), and potential future detectors in Australia (AIGO) and India (INDIGO). LIGO, the best funded and so far the most sensitive of these instruments, is preparing a major upgrade called Advanced LIGO. In parallel with the development of ground-based detectors, there has been substantial design progress for detectors in space. The principal example is LISA [4], which received effusive endorsement from the National Academy of Sciences: "LISA is an extraordinarily original and technically bold mission concept. The first direct detection of low-frequency gravitational waves will be a momentous discovery, of the kind that wins Nobel Prizes" [5]. Space-based detectors will not likely be making that low-frequency (< 0.1 Hz) discovery for another ten years at least—not for lack of inherent sensitivity or progress in technology development, but rather because rapid deployment is not a characteristic of billion-dollar space research missions. Meantime, the effort to improve ground-based detectors, which operate at higher frequency (10 to 10, 000 Hz), is proceeding apace. What is the motivation compelling some of us to spend entire careers building telescopes that have yet to see the gravitational equivalent of first light? The thrall of zero is one conceivable answer. That is, the absence of signals at predicted levels places real constraints on astrophysical phenomena, and ultimately could test Einstein's theory of general relativity. But most of us would trade a thick stack of publications with "search for" in the title for a single thin "discovery of." It's not about zero. Rather, the case that LIGO and VIRGO are almost good enough to see signals stands up to scrutiny. This is not simple optimism: the detection prediction is derived from a synthesis of electromagnetic astronomy and astrophysical models of sources that seem inevitable. For many years the favored source of gravitational waves for ground-based detectors has been the inspiral of a compact binary system consisting of one neutron star plus a companion that is either another neutron star or a black hole (Fig. 1, top). The orbital motion generates gravitational radiation at a frequency that chirps as the orbit decays and speeds up. The chirp waveform can be calculated accurately from a handful of parameters such as the masses and spins of the two stars and the inclination angle of the orbital plane. This waveform parameterization allows for coherent integration of the last minute or so of the life of the binary system, when the gravitational wave signal is strongest. In the 1987 proposal to the National Science Foundation that first described the LIGO concept [6], Kip Thorne had this to say about detection prospects in general: "The most certain of the sources is coalescence of neutron-star binaries: Estimates based on pulsar statistics in our own galaxy suggest that to see 3 such events


Focusing on home owners, the paper discusses the reduction in a household's credit access due to bankruptcy filing and its two effects that may deter a household from filing for bankruptcy. Empirical evidence presented in the paper suggests that a household with a bankruptcy record is about 30% more likely to lose home ownership and consequently the mortgage loans captured in the house, compared to than a similar household without such a record. Since the household is forced to consume at a credit level below their desired level, this translates into an important deterrence effect for households considering bankruptcy filing. The reduction in credit access imposes an additional deterrence effect by eliminating the option to file for bankruptcy in the future when financial damages caused by credit access reduction are smaller. Given that bankruptcy is irreversible and the bankruptcy record is kept in one's credit history for a long time, the right to file becomes valuable because the household will be better off waiting for the best moment to file when the utility loss due to reduced credit access is the lowest. The value of waiting, or the option value of bankruptcy filing, is also shown to be empirically important. ; Adding these two deterrence effects into the analysis of consumer bankruptcy filing leads to interesting results. A substantial number of households that would benefit from bankruptcy filing according to previous estimates no longer benefit from filing, suggesting that the proportion of American households benefiting from bankruptcy filing may not be as high as previously predicted. The results also have implications on why households file for bankruptcy and why the filing rate has been increasing in the past twenty years.


Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects individuals across the lifespan with multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors increasingly present in young populations. The underlying mechanisms in early cardiovascular disease development are complex and still poorly understood. We therefore employed urinary proteomics as a novel approach to gain better insight into the early CVD-related molecular pathways based on a CVD-risk stratified approach. Design and Methods: This study included 964 apparently healthy (no self-reported chronic illnesses and free from clinical symptoms of CVD) black and white men and women (aged 20–30 years old) from the African-PREDICT study. Cardiovascular risk factors used for stratification included obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high alcohol intake, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Participants were divided into low (0 risk factors), medium (1–2 risk factors) and high (3 or more risk factors) CV risk groups. We analyzed urinary peptidomics profiles by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: Upon adjusting for ethnicity, we identified 293 sequenced urinary peptides that were differentially expressed between the CV risk groups (all q-value smaller or equal to 0.01). These peptides included a lower abundance of collagen type I and a higher abundance of collagen type III derived peptides in the high compared to the low CV risk group. We also found a lower abundance of fibrinogen alpha and alpha antitrypsin 1 and a higher abundance of uromodulin derived peptides in the high compared to the low CV risk group (all q-value smaller or equal to 0.007). Conclusion: Our findings point out different abundances in collagen I and III between the high compared to low CV risk group, suggesting potential early alterations in the CV extracellular matrix.


In coronary artery surgery, especially during off-pump procedures and when continuous retrograde warm blood cardioplegia is used, a gentle but effective system is required to improve visualization without desiccating tissues. A simple, efficient, reusable, and very cost-effective device is described.


Edward Tyson (1650–1708), a prominent London physician and an early fellow of the Royal Society is best known for his several anatomical contributions in the creation of primatology, including the preputial and coronal mucilaginous glands (Tyson's glands), later described by Alexis Littré. He also published the first comprehensive account of a single animal (the 'porpess') and placed it in the context of a systematic and experimental methodology. This rare monograph accounts for the contention that Tyson was the founder of comparative anatomy in England, by using this 'fish' to better understand the human condition. His description of the highly convoluted cetacean brain as well as his recognition of the many homologies with "land-quadrupeds", rather than the fishes it resembled, constitutes a major landmark contribution to the history of biology. The prevailing theological thrust of training in 'physick' ultimately led Tyson to evade the conundrum of how the human brain differs from that of animals, by attributing the intellectual uniqueness of man to endowments derived from God rather than the physical substance of the brain.


Heterotopic pregnancy is the simultaneous occurrence of intrauterine and ectopic gestations. Possible risk factors include past pelvic inflammatory disease, previous pelvic surgery, or uterine anomalies. Its incidence is very rare, 1 in 30,000 in natural pregnancies but it has been increased in frequency by the advent of assisted reproductive technology. In cases of heterotopic pregnancy with intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy, the diagnosis can be even more diffi cult. And the management of heterotopic pregnancy still remains controversial. We have experienced a case of heterotopic pregnancy with cornual pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. which was successfully treated by selective fetocide with ultrasonographically guided potassium chloride injection of cornual pregnancy while maintaining the viabillity of the intrauterine gestation.


policies, "Colbertism," depopulation, famine, and even the French value system where the status symbols of land and office took precedence over the counting house. "Almost any one of these factors could have caused or deepened the depression as much as the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; taken together, they certainly exerted more influence" (p. 444). It is difficult to criticize this book without becoming tedious. Personal correspondence and private account books might have shed more light on Huguenot attitudes and the possible economic effects of the dispersion. Perhaps the role of the Huguenots in agriculture deserves more treatment than the few pages assigned to it, and Chapter XI tends to repeat some of the material on economic stagnation in Chapter VI. But such criticism is relatively inconsequential. The book has all the marks of a mature piece of scholarship—excellent source material, compactly marshalled evidence, clear exposition, and judicious conclusions. ROBERT FORSTER, University of Nebraska


Thirteen sinus node arteries from human material (2 months post partum to 68 years) were studied by various histologic techniques for connective tissue, muscle, and nerve distribution and arrangement. Its relationship to the sinus node is also emphasized. The outer longitudinal muscle coat of the artery is replaced with a thick adventitia. This loss of smooth muscle is not typically found in other coronary arteries. In addition, many nerve fibers, arranged both circularly and longitudinally, present the possibility of a pressoreceptor mechanism related not only to coronary blood pressure changes but also to the neurogenic control of the heart beat.


Ground-motion and seismic-source parameters, determined from acceleration measured in the epicentral region of the May 2 earthquake, were analyzed with regard to the scaling of source processes responsible for the seismic radiation, as well as the effect of the crustal environment at the hypocenter on these processes. The 30 events, including the M{sub L} = 6.7 main shock, studied here were especially well suited to an investigation of how the various parameters scale with earthquake size, in that nearly six orders of magnitude in seismic moment M{sub 0} were represented, extending over a range from about 4 {times} 10{sup 18} down to 7 {times} 10{sup 12}. The observations at Coalinga have revealed substantial complexities in the earthquake scaling that appear to be general features of individual earthquake sequences. The paper describes: ground-motion-data processing; source parameters, including magnitude-moment relation, seismic deformation, source radius and stress drop, and P- and S-wave corner frequencies; and ground-motion parameters.


"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Report, 1987). In 1997, sustainable development became a fundamental objective for the UE. The Goteborg European Council (15-16 June 2001) approved the European Union strategy for sustainable development. In the context of globalization, nation-state/city began to be perceived as a different kind of merchandise – blending various concepts, such as nation or place branding. As a multinational corporation or a product, the nation-state or the city can be branded. A brand is based on image, reputation, and certain values.Now, we assist to a competition – increasingly visible – between cities/areas/regions to promote their image and, hence, in this context, to a new demand for specialists with vision. In the early 17th century, Miguel de Cervantes set a long episode of the second part of Don Quixotein Barcelona. In that book the city is evoked as a "repository of gentility". In the 19th century, the time of industrialization, Barcelona was sometimes referred to as the "factory of Spain". Today, Barcelona is a new model, a pioneer, a success story in industry, science and tourism: in 2014, became European Capital of Innovation and, in spring of 2015, at World Communication Forum in Davos – City of the Future. The aim of this research is to examine the Barcelona city brand construct and to establish its role in the sustainable development.


The nitrite was determinated by catalytic Spectrophotometry with potassium bromate-tetraethyl rhodemin B.The method is simple and selective.The application of determining nitrite in lake water is satisfactory.


:In the paper,we applicate Lanczos algorithms-type to Hamilto nian eigenvalue problems and give an error analysis in iterative proce dure.


New B?n is a very complex phenomenon, a tradition native to Tibet, and defies any possible reduction to a few simplistic definitions. New B?n tends to accept and consider as authoritative any work belonging to Eternal B?n, whereas Eternal B?n generally regards New B?n works as spurious. Thus there appears to be a complex dynamic of oppositions and attractions, further complicated by the personal training and relationships of individual masters. Some New B?n revelations have found a better reception, such as those of sPrul sku Blo ldan, whose works have received some canonical status and recognition by being included in the bKa' 'gyur and brTen 'gyur , whereas most of the revelations of other New B?n masters have not. This includes some of the most authoritative figures of recent B?n history in Tibet, such as, among others, rTogs ldan Rin po che and his own rgyal tshab , Kun gsal snying po. Keywords: bKa' 'gyur ; brTen 'gyur ; Eternal B?n; New B?n; rTogs ldan Rin po che; sPrul sku Blo ldan


The lack of established optimal design guidelines for turbomachinery operating in the nonideal flow regime (e.g., organic Rankine cycle turbines, CO2 compressors, compressors for refrigeration syst...


Three hr after the intravenous injection of 100 μg of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats, there is a diminution in glucose uptake by diaphragm muscle in vitro. No evidence for increased mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue of the same animals was revealed by measurement of FFA and glycerol production in vitro or the content of FFA in the adipose tissue at the time of excision. Treatment of the rats with actinomycin blocked the decrease in glucose uptake caused by growth hormone. Hemidiaphragms from growth hormone-treated rats were refractory to the insulin-like action of growth hormone in vitro. Refractoriness was partially overcome by actinomycin. These data suggest that the effects of growth hormone on glucose utilization in diaphragm muscle are not mediated by increased mobilization of FFA, but rather may reflect a hormone-induced changed in genetic expression. (Endocrinology 81: 1099, 1967)


The main basis of this research is that The free time tendency of civil servents who work in Mugla city center ,the free time activity establishment and activity possibilities in Mugla,the establishment and activity that are wished for future and the idea that the positive affects of full free time activity on human health. as it is known According to the social ,economik and cultural developing level of country nation, Rekreasyon is very important for the interest of human. This research is very important beucause it explains the proplems of civil servents ,in Mugla city center while they have free time , shows establishment and activity for free time activities in Mugla and what kind of establishment and activity they hope for free time activities. With this research it will be possible that shortages will be copmleted,the wished activities and investment will be planned, limited oppartinity of goverment will be used rationally and the private establishment and activities wiil be perfect to needs of civil servants. Nations always perceive ; productivity in business life is responsibility but free time is personel preference and desire. If the civil servant is more healtier as physiological and antropometrik It is imporyant for their morals,the enviroment sensitivity,smilling face and to be people love life. The healty human needs less health outgoings. So organizations can make disposition.It is wished that Healty, strong people from moral and physical side will be more productive and willing. In our world , which kind of activities of people are interested in their free time is related to their jobs or education levels and it is very important.The free time activities should have a place in private and goverment programs because it is very important for the increase of job productive and quality ,the health of workers , a peace working and family life. In democratic countries the free time is the private of person.It is possible to change wishes of free time, so free time is importantnot only for the person but also nations.Not only education is important but also correct spending of free time is important ; to transfer of culture from generation to generation without degeneration and to have healty , happy people. In our country there is less researches about recreasyon,so the result of research can be source to teachers,tutors,students and researches.It is certain that this research will be advantage to the knowledge of recreasyon. In this research,literatures were researched and necessary information and sources were found.Also the approach of sivil servents and public parts were researched. In the research questionnaire was prepared to find out the social life of civil servents and their free time activities and their wishes about this subject and some measurement were done to find out physiological and antropometric data. According to the ankets and measurement, some results were found out. The general profil of civil servents in Mugla was seen higher level than the civil servents in Turkey. The sex of people in the research arent known because Mugla Public Registration Office hasn't got the sex data of civil servents. According to the this research ,1/3 of civil servents are female and 2/3 of civil servents are male were joined to the research.37 female and 63 male wanted to participate the this research.%37 percent of participaters are female and %63 percent of participaters are male. When we look at the their education levels,%1 percent participaters didn't answer this question and the other ones,%11 percent of participaters graduated from primary school,%45 graduated from high school,%18 graduated from trade school and %25 graduated from university. In this research there are lots of options and %44,02 percent of people chose home,%26,41 chose open-rural areas,%11,32 chose coffee – houses,%9,43 chose sports facilities,%3,14 chose association – laborunion facilities and %0,62 chose other options for free time activity places.They totaly chose 159 options in the anket. The idea of participaters about free time activities ;%25,78 have free time not to boring,%25,26 think it is relaxing,%14,25 think is enterttaining,%11,05 think it is healty,%8,42 think it is educational,%7,36 think it gives social advanteges and statues and %7,89 think it gives happiness. The question about what kind of activities they do in Mugla in their free time,they answer like this;%28,75 go open areas,%21,56 chose travelling,%20,26 chose sport facilities,%13,72 say sport activities for healt,%7,18 chose spending time free,%6,53 chose for curs and education,%1,96 chose other facilities and activities. It is seen that they are active in their free time activities,it is clear that they dont do sports regulary. Selcuk OZDAĞ – Mustafa YENICERI – I. Bulent FIŞEKCIOĞLU – Fahri AKCAKOYUN – Recep KURKCU Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi • 22 / 2009 309 To preaper the questionnaire questions,different ankets and questions were analysised. After the analysis,the chosen anket questions, the idea of researchers were taken about the questions. Also to find out the corrections ,validity and realibity of questions, an pre-test were applied to 100 people. The realibity of anket was subtained.The anket and measurement were done at the same time and the civil servents joined as volunteer. In the questionnaire,there are 13 questions to finf out information about freetime activity and facilities..and the last questions, there are more than one options. In the research,for body weight,percent of fat,fat and non-fat percent,total body water were measured with "taita" labelled equipment.The blood pressure were measured with "riester" labelled sphygmomanometer and steteskop,the blood pressure measured from elbow at the same time with questionnaire an measurements. It is difficult to carry measurement equipments ,so measurements was done in places if there are more than 50 people. The physical suitable of civil servents in Mugla were less than the physical of civil servents who do sports regulary.The result of thss that thee isn't enough time for sports in free time,out of balance noushment and the risen ages of people probably have effect on it. The civil servents interest about sports is usully passive and for watching,so the free tiem activities hasnt got any effect on some antropometric things such as body weight,sistolic and diaastolic blood presure, fat percent.


Following the plane crashes into the twin towers of the World Trade Centre, Ulrich Beck claimed that the West would need to pursue 'border-transcending new beginnings' towards a more cosmopolitan world. Rather than any radical transformation along cosmopolitan lines, however, this paper maps a process of incremental reform and policy bricolage, where the post-cold war politics of intervention, and the securitisation of development, have been extended to encompass international terrorism in three overlapping phases. Although these overlapping phases – intervention, prevention and extension – are reflexive moments, they constitute a strengthening of the prevailing rationalities and technologies of risk rather than a radical rupture.


In Reply. — The nursing research assistants employed in follow-up did not know the patients' assignments (treatment or control) to avoid potential datacollection bias. There are several possible explanations for the durability of the training effect. First, the study may have had a carryover effect on the homes' regular nursing aides, who may have been more responsive even during follow-up because a research study was being conducted. Second, encouraging patients to hold their urine (a study objective) may have helped physiologically to reduce incontinence, especially among the 34% more cognitively alert treatment participants (Mini-Mental State Examination score, >17). Last, the reinstatement of hourly checking during follow-up may have created a "checking effect" that reminded patients they needed to toilet. However, any checking effect should have affected both the experimental and the control groups. Since the experimental group consistently improved more than the control group, we are inclined to give more


The cup method and dynamic moisture permeation cell (DMPC) method are two common techniques used to determine the water vapor permeation properties of a membrane. Often, ignoring the resistance of boundary air layers to the transport of water vapor results in the water vapor permeance of the membrane being underestimated in practical tests. The measurement errors are higher with highly permeable membranes. In this study, the two methods were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics platform and the extent of the error was evaluated. Initial results showed that the error is equally high in both methods. With the correction for the still air gap, the cup method produces a relatively reduced error. In the DMPC method, reducing the error caused by the boundary air layer by increasing the sweep speed can produce higher instrument error. Highly accurate and precise instrument is needed for DMPC method; however, its error is still higher than that in the cup method. Simulations also show that lowering the test pressure is favorable to both methods.


Influences of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) concentration on the horizontal distribution and temporal variation of Microcystis abundances were confirmed by the results of Lake Kitaura investigation. The samples were collected from the surface water at 5 stations (St. A-E) set up along a northsouth transect between 2 week intervals from July to September in 2005. From the results of a present investigation, DIN concentration decreased gradually between St. A and St. E and remained constant seasonally in each station. DIP concentration increased from early July to early August, especially in St. B-D. DIN: DIP ratios were more than the Redfield ratio (=7, by weight) in St. A, and varied below 7 in St. C-E during the investigation period. These results suggested that the growth limited factor of the phytoplankton community was shifted from phosphorus to nitrogen between St. A and St. C in Lake Kitaura. Microcystis blooms were developed remarkably at 29 July in St. C-D. It showed that high DIP concentration and the nitrogen limited condition were associated with Microcystis dominance. Microcystis morphospecies were observed including 4 morphospecies such as M. aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. wesenbergii and M. ichthyoblabe in all samples. The previously studies reported that M. aeruginosa and M. viridis are known strains that produce toxic cyclic heptapeptide called microcystin. The relative abundance of M. aeruginosa and M. viridis decreased between St. A and St. E during the exponential growth phase. The result suggested that at high DIN concentrations, toxic morphospecies resulted in higher relative abundance than non-toxic morphospecies. We concluded that the horizontal and temporal changes of Microcystis blooms were affected by the supply ratio of DIN and DIP, and that the toxic morphospecies of Microcystis needed high DIN concentration for their growth more than non-toxic morphospecies in Lake Kitaura. Keyword: Microcystis bloom, Microcystis morphospecies, macro-nutrient concentration, DIN: DIP ratio and microcystin.


Two years ago, we discussed the relevance of territory for occupational justice and proposed a new concept occupational displacement (Pizarro et al., 2018a, b). This concept invites discussion about the relationship between territory and occupational participation, together with the impact in occupation and well-being that the loss of the territory could imply for individuals and communities. Based on those premises, these paragraphs aim to reflect on the relationship between occupational displacement and racism, exploring the Mapuche – Chilean State conflict as an example. The Mapuche people are composed by different communities that have inhabited the southern territories of Chile and Argentina since prehispanic times. These territories are called the Wallmapu. As with many American first nations, the Mapuche culture has always had a strong connection with the earth and with nature. This connection defines many of their occupations, including their cooking, traditional medicine, play, and sacred practices (Cancino, 2017; Millaleo, 2019; Tricot, 2008). Since the Spanish invasion until now, this prosperous people have been subjected to a series of occupational changes that have impacted their occupational lives (Aparicio & Tilley, 2015; Pizarro et al., 2018). After a crude war between Spanish and Mapuche forces, a frontier was established. Even though part of the Mapuche people still worked in servitude for the colonial masters, many Mapuche communities reached an agreement that allowed them political and territorial autonomy within theWallmapu. This situation changed with the new Chilean republic, after the independence war. In the 19 century, Chilean governments advanced on Mapuche territory during a military campaign called the pacificación de la Araucanía (Araucanía pacification). They justified this invasion on the idea of progress, arguing that


A wheeled armored vehicle is a military vehicle that has been developed to enhance combat capabilities and mobility for the army. The wheeled armored vehicle has a high center of gravity, and it operates on unpaved and sloped roads. Therefore, this vehicle has a high risk of rollover crashes. To design the interior of the military vehicle, the crew's safety during rollover crashes is an important factor. However, actual vehicle tests for design are extremely expensive. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed to simulate the rollover crashes and the passenger injury is assessed for a wheeled armored vehicle. The scope of this research is the rollover condition, FE modeling of the wheeled armored vehicle and the dummy, arrangement of dummies, assessment of passenger injuries, and simulation model for rollover crashes.


We explain a new lens mounting scheme using cascaded ring flexures for minimizing thermal stresses. Two circular rings are concentric at the adhesive insertion hole and made monolithically on a lens cell. Six degree-of-freedom motions can be accommodated by controlling dimensional parameters. Thermo-elastic deformations are evaluated by interferometric measurements and are verified with finite element analyses. Athermal performances from a simple elastomeric mount and a ring-flexured mount are also compared. This lens mounting scheme was successfully applied to our space-borne optical system and will be a promising candidate for environmentally challenged optical systems such as military applications.


In this article, we analyze and assess the teaching of US Roman Catholic and Church of England bishops about refugees and asylum seekers, the undocumented, and other migrants in the aftermath of Donald Trump's presidential campaign with its focus on the US-Mexico border and the Brexit referendum from 2015 to 2019. First, we draw on social scientific literature to indicate how the right-wing populism of the Trump and Brexit campaigns represents immigration as a threat in a world of scarcity, making it difficult to uphold the human dignity of migrants and refugees and to maintain the solidarity needed to sustain life together. Second, we present case studies on the teaching of Anglican Bishop Paul Butler and Catholic Bishop Mark Seitz to indicate where the churches' bishops have confronted populist doctrines of scarcity with an affirmation of God-given abundance. Third, we assess our churches' teaching, arguing that to respond adequately to xenophobia and racism, the churches ought to follow the examples of bishops Butler and Seitz whose teaching aims not only to shape just immigration policies but to form communities of faith, and does so by inhabiting the world of Scripture alongside migrants who "read" Scripture with their lives.


The bachelor work is devoted to the emergence of the European Economic Community - EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community - EURATOM on the basis of the Treaties of Rome, which was signed on 25 March 1957. These institutions emerged as the second institution of the European integration process. The work affects the 60th of 20 century and deals with the events, circumstances and debate that preceded the signing of these contracts.


We examine processes that govern the selection of cross-race and same-race friends among high school students. Relying on social psychological theories of interpersonal attraction, we predict that individualand school-level factors that affect the bases of attraction will influence the friendship choices. We test hypotheses using data from the sophomore and senior cohorts of the High School and Beyond Survey. Its large sample, national representativeness, and detailed information permit a deeper examination of the determinants of adolescent friendship formation than has been previously possible. Students are only one-sixth as likely to choose a cross-race than a same-race peer as a friend, and controls for school and individual variables account for only a third of this differential. While personal characteristics of individual students and pairs of students have the strongest effects on friendship choices, organizational characteristics of the school, such as tracking, are also important.


Background: The management of educational organizations is particularly sensitive since it deals with the professors and students who play a strategic role in the community. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the satisfaction level of the faculty members with the current status of executive processes and performance of medical school departments regarding service provision. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The sample population included the faculty members of the clinical and basic sciences departments. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the previous studies. Data analysis was performed using t-test and chi-square, and the data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, numbers, and percentages. Results: Among 187 faculty members, 55 (29.4%) were in the basic sciences department, 132 cases were in the clinical departments, and 65.24% were male. The mean age of the professors was 42.84 ± 5.52 years (range: 30 - 60 years). The mean work experience was 10 years (range: 1 - 30 years), and the academic rank was mainly assistant professor (65.8%) and associate professor (27.3%), with the majority (45.6%) having formal and formal-experiential employment. Management experience at the faculty or university level was 34.6%, while it was 28.9% at the department level. The satisfaction of the faculty members with the performance of the medical school units was favorable, with the highest satisfaction rate belonging to the research units and the lowest belonging to the service units. Conclusions: According to the results, the satisfaction of the faculty members with the provided services in the educational, research, and administrative-financial units of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences was favorable despite the difference between these units in this regard.


3D fully viscous turbulent aero-icing flow simulation is still computationally demanding for industry, especially when parametric studies are needed. In order to make such compute-intensive simulations more affordable, this work presents a reduced order modeling, based on the "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition" (POD) method to predict a wider swath of flow fields and ice shapes based on a limited number of "snapshots" obtained from complete high-fidelity CFD computations. The procedure of the POD approach is to first decompose the fields into modes, using the snapshots, and then to reconstruct the field and/or ice shapes using those decomposed modes for other conditions. This results in much shorter calculation times, from 1/600 th to 1/1000 th the full 3D ones, drastically reducing the computational cost and providing a more complete map of the performance degradation of an iced aircraft over a wide range of flight and weather conditions.


The scintillation and Cherenkov properties of UVA (ultraviolet absorbing) and UVT (ultraviolet transmitting) Plexiglas specimens were tested by analyzing cosmic-rayinduced pulses traversing the materials. It was found that the UVT sample has less than 1/6 the scintillation effect of UVA and is preferred for use in counters. (J.R.D.)


Aim:  To investigate the longitudinal course and prognostic value of amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) in infants with neonatal sepsis or meningitis.


Summary The digestion in vitro of diced fragments of bovine cartilage by a 0.1% solution of papain was investigated over a 2-hour period. At half-hour intervals, measurements were made of the gravimetric loss of cartilage, and of the amount of cartilage nitrogen, hexosamine, and hydroxyproline present in the supernatant solution. From these determinations, the quantities of chon-droitin sulfate, collagen and non-collagen protein released from the cartilage were calculated and their total compared with the weight loss of cartilage. During the first hour, the cartilage lost 88% of the chondroitin sulfate and 63% of the non-collagen protein. After 2 hours, more than 90% of each of these components were found in the supernatant solution. Collagen breakdown proceeded at the rate of about 9% per half-hour. Gravimetric loss measured 56% of the dry weight of the cartilage at the end of 2 hours.


For Carlin Barton on her retirement from teaching—wishing her many more years of py scholarly life. This programmatic essay is propadeutic for and ultimately introductory to my book in prog, The History of Judaism: A Philological Study. These reflections come between, as it were, philological and theoretical work involved in the coproduction with Barton of Imagine No igion (2016) and the new project, between thinking about genealogies of religion and genealoof Judaism. Versions of this long-gestating text have been presented at seminars at the Ant Judaism Workshop at Yale University, the departmental seminar of the rhetoric departnt at University of California, Berkeley, the Institute for Cultural Inquiry, Berlin, and the rld Philologies Seminar of Zukunftsphilologie of the Forum Transregionale Studien of the ie Universität Berlin on which occasions it benefited greatly from the interventions of particits. It was first delivered publicly as the Sigmund H. Danziger, Jr. Distinguished Lecture in the manities at the University of Chicago in April 2016, where, once again, it benefited greatly from interventions of listeners of the likes of Tom Mitchell, Jamie Redfield, and David Nirenberg. I grateful to Shadi Bartsch for the invitation to present it there and for decades of scholarly colality. I owe particular debts of gratitude to Carlin A. Barton, Jonathan Boyarin, Andrew Bush, r Cohen, Chana Kronfeld, Maya Kronfeld, Lorraine Daston, Ramona Naddaf, and James I. ter for their readings and astute commentary, helping me avoid some of the most obvious pits in thinking this through. The graduate students in my seminar on the rhetoric of history are to be mentioned. The paper was completed while I was a fellow at the Max Planck Institute the History of Knowledge in Berlin under the aegis of Professor Daston whom I am happy to nk for that opportunity. Finally, the editorial board of Critical Inquiry sent me very helpful critinquiries and suggestions towards this final revision, and I am grateful to them as well. 1. Benson Saler, "Religio and the Definition of Religion," Cultural Anthropology 2 (Aug. 1987): .


Since the early descriptions by Dejerine in 1891 and Serieux in 1892, alexia with agraphia has been established as a separable symptom cluster: The main features of the syndrome have been summarized as: (1) impairment of spontaneous writing and writing to dictation with preserved ability to copy; (2) impaired reading, reading of letters being more affected than reading of words. Acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, anomia and hemianopia, i.e., loss of vision in one-half the visual field, are frequently present. Mixed use of ideograms and phonograms in the Japanese writing system provides a unique opportunity for distinction between the ability to read phonograms and the ability to read ideograms. A case of alexia with agraphia will be reported, and two similar case reports from the Japanese literature will be reviewed. The Japanese written language i s composed of kanji (Chinese characters or ideograms) and two types of kana (phonograms). After importation of the Chinese characters in the sixth century, the Japanese applied their own spoken words to the corresponding Chinese ideograms. Kanji has come to have more than one form of pronunciation. In contrast, each kana character represents a single Japanese syllable, and can thus be pronounced in only one way. There i s no dissociation between the name given to a letter and its actual pronunciation, as in some alphabets. In the two types of kana the same syllable is represented differently. Thus, in modern Japanese, Kanji i s used for many nouns while kana i s used for most other words. The Japanese case histories described in this study had achieved the,ability to read and write normally preceding injury. The location of the injuries as correlated with subsequent performance deficits seem to support a hypothesis of integration. The integration hypothesis, advanced by Albert eta l . (19731, was that alexia, agraphia and (to some extent) difficulty in finding words result from a functional disconnection between intact visual and intact auditory-oral systems. Integration of auditoryoral and of visual systems is indispensable for phonographic decoding and encoding activity, since each phonographic character i s bound to a particular sound. The phonographic operation will be affected by loosening or dedifferentiation of the close association of the two systems. A kana character as a graphic pattern may be registered in the visual system but i ts significance as a symbol of a certain syllable will be lost or become unstable. Sometimes a character may be named correctly but not confirmed because a particular frame of reference for the character has been broken. Similar disintegration can occur between tactile-kinesthetic and auditory-oral systems. What is affected is not optic letter images but a dynamic process of integrating a letter grapheme with i t s auditory counterpart. Ideograms, on the other hand, are less bound to direct auditory-oral control and can be processed within the visual system even with


To investigate whether land breeze can be effective for the mitigation of nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) in the Osaka Plain, we evaluated land breeze cooling on summer nights. An analysis of observational data shows that there is a mutual relationship between the nocturnal temperature and land breeze. The influence of changes in land use and the sea surface temperature (SST) on long-term trends in nocturnal temperature and land breeze was investigated using a numerical model. The results showed that the effect of land use change was larger than that of SST change. The cooling effect of the nocturnal wind was also evaluated using the change rate of potential temperature by advection. The result indicated that the cooling effect at night was about -0.2 K/h in the Osaka Plain under the sea breeze condition. However, under the land breeze condition, the cooling effect was about -1.0 K/h in inland areas and about -0.6 K/h in the coastal areas. Although the cooling effect of land breezes reduces from inland to the coast, the effect still exists around coastal areas. Therefore the study concluded that land breeze cooling is effective in the mitigation of nocturnal UHI over the entire Osaka Plain.


We describe an idealised "kagome-like" hollow-core fibre that supports a mode that is strictly localised (that is, exponentially confined, without leakage loss) despite the co-existence of cladding modes with the same effective index and symmetry.


This paper addresses multiple targets tracking problem using multiple different resolution sensors via Dynamic Programming (DP) based Track-Before-Detect (TBD). Generally, DP-TBD is a grid-based method that estimates target trajectories by means of searching all the physically admissible paths in a determinate discrete state space. In actual war, by using the Radar Cross Section (RCS) spatial diversity, the spatial gain of targets can be obtained. So it is necessary to use multiple sensors to detect targets for better detection performance. In addition, when various radars are used, different radars own different resolution and sampling periods. But traditional DP-TBD can not deal with these measurement data directly. To alleviate this problem, a centralized asynchronous fusion algorithm for sensors with variable resolution via DP-TBD is proposed in this work. This algorithm is divided into two steps. In the first step, the echo data obtained from different resolution sensors are aligned to the measurement space of same cell size. In the second step, measurement data derived from sensors with different sampling periods is sent to the fusion center in time order. Next, DP-TBD is used to dispose these data and generate recover track. Besides, a method of adaptively adjusting transition states number is proposed to improve the efficiency of asynchronous fusion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to solve sensors with different resolution asynchronous fusion problems and effectively improve the tracking performance of DP-TBD comparing to single sensor.


The invention relates to an electrophoresis energy-saving device and an energy-saving method thereof. The electrophoresis energy-saving device comprises a main tank, an auxiliary tank, a circulating pump, an ultrafiltration pump and an ultrafilter, wherein the inlet of the circulating pump is connected with the bottom of the auxiliary tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with jet liquid distributors which are positioned in the main tank and the auxiliary tank through pipelines; the inlet of the ultrafiltration pump is connected with the bottom of the auxiliary tank through a pipeline, the outlet of the ultrafiltration pump is connected with the ultrafilter through a pipeline, and the outlet of the ultrafilter is connected with the jet liquid distributors which are positioned in the main tank through pipelines; and electrophoresis liquid enters the auxiliary tank from the main tank, one part of electrophoresis liquid is conveyed to the jet liquid distributors through the circulating pump to enter the main tank and the auxiliary tank, and the other part of electrophoresis liquid is conveyed to the ultrafilter through the ultrafiltration pump, subjected to ultrafiltration and conveyed to the jet liquid distributors to enter the main tank. By the device and the method, the energy consumption of circulating and filtering the liquid in an electrophoresis tank can be obviously reduced, and the filtering effect of the electrophoresis liquid is enhanced, so that the cleanliness of the electrophoresis liquid is improved.


The purpose of this study is to elucidate antioxidative characteristics and the active compounds of Wonchuri (Hemerocallis fulva L.) First, the content of general components contained in the freeze dried H. fulva L., and reducing sugar, free sugar, free amino acids, free fatty acid, antioxidant vita...


List of Figures VI List of Tables VI Authors VII Introduction to the English Edition VIII Introduction to the Italian Edition by Mario Sarcinelli X List of Abbreviations XIII I. "Newsmetrics": measurement of news impact in the foreign exchange market 1 1.1. Theories of exchange rate determination. - 1.2. Newsmetrics. - 1.3. Uses of Newsmetrics. - 1.4. Development of the study. II. The foreign exchange market in 1994-97: events, trends and economic policies. 15 2.1. The dollar in 1995: depreciation and attempts at stabilisation. - 2.2. The dollar in 1996: the long-overdue rally. - 2.3. 1997: a strong dollar. - 2.4. The Lira during the Berlusconi government: March-December 1994. - 2.5. The lira during the Dini government in 1995. - 2.6. The lira in 1996: crisis of the Dini government, beginning of the Prodi government, re-entry in the ERM. - 2.7. The Lira in 1997: the Prodi government and the debate on the European Monetary Union. III. The Italian news 64 3.1. Introduction. - 3.2. Quantitative news. - 3.3. Qualitative news. - 3.3.1. The news of the Berlusconi government. - 3.3.2. The news of the Dini government. - 3.3.3. End of the Dini government. The Maccanico attempt. The elections. - 3.3.4. The news of the Prodi government. - 3.3.5. Political news that are common to all three governments. - 3.3.6. The economic news. IV. Economic and political news for Germany and the United States 71 4.1. Introduction. - 4.2. American quantitative news. - 4.3. German quantitative news. - 4.4. American and German qualitative news on the economic situation and on monetary policy. V. The events of the European Monetary Union 76 5. The historical timeline. - 5.2. The classification of events. VI. Statements by monetary and governmental authorities in the United States, Germany and Japan 80 6.1. Introduction. - 6.2. The Bundesbank. - 6.3. German government officials. - 6.4. American monetary and political authorities. - 6.5. Japanese monetary and political authorities. VII. The impact of news on exchange rates 97 7.1. Introduction and preliminary conclusions. - 7.2. A taxonomy of events in the foreign exchange markets. - 7.3. The impact of news on the exchange rate. - 7.3.1. Econometric estimation strategies. - 7.3.2. DM-USD and Yen-USD equations. - 18.104.22.168. The European trading zone. - 18.104.22.168. The United States trading zone. - 7.3.3. Lira-DM equations. VIII. Events and foreign exchange markets 136 8.1. Introduction. - 8.2. Novelties. - 8.3. The metrics of news. - 8.4. A communication model. - 8.5. Market sentiment and polarisation. - 8.6. Practical applications and further research. Bibliography 151


Many nations have started taking steps to meet the required energy demands through different technologies to improve the local impact. As the standard of living is increased, the development of infrastructure should adapt quickly. Street lighting, one of the infrastructure should meet the consumer requirements, expansions, and growth. Countries may have more burden if still using High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps for street lighting. Nowadays, LED light technology becomes a candidate as it surpass the HPS lamp from both energy and money saving. The saving and local impact may be enhanced and increased, if solar power system (PV) is engaged with LED lamp for street lighting. This paper gives recommendation and show the local impact to Sultanate of Oman when street lighting is solar powered LED. The results and analysis are made for one of the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) main roads as a case study.


Because of the limitations of direct methods for the diagnosis of trypanosomes in small quantities, molecular methods which allow identification of the species with a small amount of parasite DNA were analyzed. A study was conducted at the Carimagua Experimental Station, located in the flat high plains of Orinoco Colombia. From 500 'Sanmartinero' and 'Zebu' breeding cattle, native to the area, 70 clinically healthy animals were randomly selected, to establish the presence of Trypanosoma spp. and to perform differential diagnosis between species. Blood samples were taken and linfocites were separated by the Buffy Coat technique. Seminested PCR was performed on the 18S rDNA region. RFLP was run on the obtained products and a comparison with international standards was made. Five samples were positive for Trypanosoma spp. by PCR. One of them corresponded to T. vivax and four to T. theileri. The results obtained estimate a prevalence of 7.14% in apparently healthy animals, otherwise not detected by traditional direct tests currently in use. This poses a potential problem for cattle in the area, given the chance of developing clinical symptoms of the disease and the likelihood of transmission to susceptible animals. Having methods to detect presence of the species Trypanosoma spp., also permits better management and understanding of the field problem. The methods described are the first molecular approach to study Trypanosoma spp. in cattle in the Colombian Orinoco region and highlight the importance of diagnosis of the disease.


Objective
To study the characteristics of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype in the skin lesions of mycosis fungoides (MF) and its clinical significance.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry technique with some monoclonal antibodies against surface molecules on DCs was used.

Results
There were lots of immature DCs and mature DCs in both epidermis and upper dermis of patch/plaque stage lesions, mainly CD1a+, CD1c+, Lag+/Langerin+ immature DCs and CD83+/DC-Lamp+ mature DCs. In the dermis of tumor stage lesions, there were lots of CD1a+ CD1c+ immature DCs and CD83+/DC-Lamp+ mature DCs, too. However Lag+/Langerin+ cells were shown more in the epidermis and upper dermis, less in the lower dermis, with increasing number of CD1a+, CD1c+ cells in the lower dermis.

Conclusion
There is migration of epidermal Langerhans'cells in patch/plaque stage of MF lesions, which might take part in anti-tumor immune reactions. Meanwhile, the large amount of CD1a+DCs in the dermis of tumor stage lesions might play a role in the relevant immune tolerance.

Key words:
Mycosis fungoides; Dendritic cells; Phenotype