This work presents a numerical study on the turbulent Schmidt numbers in jets in crossflow. This study contains two main parts. In the first part, the problem of the proper choice of the turbulent Schmidt number in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) jet in crossflow mixing simulations is outlined. The results of RANS employing the shear-stress transport (SST) model of Menter and its curvature correction modification and different turbulent Schmidt number values are validated against experimental data. The dependence of the optimal value of the turbulent Schmidt number on the dynamic RANS model is studied. Furthermore, a comparison is made with the large-eddy simulation (LES) results obtained using the wall-adapted local eddy viscosity (WALE) model. The accuracy given by LES is superior in comparison to RANS results. This leads to the second part of the current study, in which the time-averaged mean and fluctuating velocity and scalar fields from LES are used for the evaluation of the turbulent viscosities, turbulent scalar diffusivities, and the turbulent Schmidt numbers in a jet in crossflow configuration. The values obtained from the LES data are compared with those given by the RANS modeling. The deviations are discussed, and the possible ways for the RANS model improvements are outlined.


Genetic diversity is an important component of biodiversity, and it is crucial for current efforts to protect and sustainably manage several organisms and habitats. As far as we know, there is only one work describing Peruvian genetic information stored in public databases. We aimed to update this previous work searching in four public databases that stored digital sequence information: Nucleotide, BioProject, PATRIC, BOLD. With this information, we comment on the contribution of Peruvian institutions during recent years. In Nucleotide, the largest database, Bacteria are the most sequenced organisms by Peruvian institutions (70.60%), pathogenic bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria meningitidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most abundant. We found no sequence records from the Archaea domain. In BioProject, the most common sequence belongs to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis. In PATRIC, a database of pathogenic agents, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Yersinia pestis had the highest number of entries. Finally, in BOLD, an exclusively Eukaryotic database, Chordata (Aves and Actinopterygii), Angiospermae, and Arthropoda (Insecta, and Arachnida) were the most frequent records. Our results would indicate research preferences of Peruvian institutions, focusing on infectious diseases and some Eukaryotic phyla. Although there has been a significant increase of DNA information submitted by Peruvian institutions since the last report, the genetic diversity reflected in these databases remains inconsistent with the diversity in the country. More efforts must be made to obtain genetic information from more underestimated taxonomic groups and to promote more genetic research in regional Peruvian institutions.


Web service paradigm is important for the distributed internet-scale applications. Many developers wish to mask application-level failures from users and continue making forward progress. In this paper, we provide a kind of recovery approach for the distributed applications made by the composition of web services. Our approach aims at the application-level failures of the stateful business processes. At the same time, to keep service's autonomy and heterogeneous, the approach is based on the decentralized composition mode, in which the business process is distributed over different execution engines. The recovery tasks are realized by the cooperation of these engines. Our approach also ensures after the recovery the outcomes of the business process still can finish in consistent states.


Microwave imaging diagnostics provide important visualization informations for the study of MHD and turbulence behaviors in tokamaks. In non-ideal conditions it is difficult to interpreting experimental data. With the advancement of computing power, synthetic diagnostics based on the first-principle has been developed and widely used. In this work a synthetic diagnostics platform serving for electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) and microwave imaging reflectometer (MIR) on tokamak has been developed. Benchmarks and cross-validation have been conducted.


The therapeutic triumphs of antimicrobials in the past decades have been echoed by the successes of microbial resistance to chemotherapy (1). Penicillin G therapy presaged hospital outbreaks of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus significant enough to lead to the foundation of hospital infection programs. On the heels of the introduction of ampicillin was ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae; optimism in the extended spectrum cephalosporins such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone was immediately cooled by chromosomally inducible beta-lactamases produced by Enterobacter cloaceae, among others (2); and widespread ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant S aureus appeared immediately with ciprofloxacin use for this organism. While certain organisms – the group A streptococcus and Neisseria meningitidis, for example – have remained susceptible to such 'early antibiotics' as penicillin G, there can be no complacency. These bacteria have become resistant to other antimicrobials, such as erythromycin or sulphonamides, and we are simply waiting for the other shoe to drop. The increasing use of antiviral and antifungal chemotherapy has broadened the field. Acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex and azidothymidine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus are therapeutic problems; and prophylactic fluconazole therapy has seen the emergence of resistant Candida kruzeii.

Antimicrobial therapy alters bacterial ecosystems in at least two ways. As the examples above demonstrate, susceptible organisms may become resistant, with most strains being replaced by resistant clones. Today, penicillin-susceptible S aureus is a microbiological dinosaur, and a source of amusement when identified. Alternately, an ecological niche occupied by susceptible organisms is replaced by intrinsically resistant organisms. Health care interventions and widespread use of cephalosporins and related antibiotics have propelled coagulase negative staphylococci and Enterococcus faecalis to the forefront of hospital-acquired pathogens. Now we grapple with the problems of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive organisms (2).

The contributions of anti-infective chemotherapy to health care should not be underestimated. The extraordinary adaptability, diversity and molecular flexibility of microorganisms, however, ensures that resistance will emerge to limit the usefulness of any antimicrobial. We are running hard to stay in the same place, but the treadmill is of our own creation. Societal and economic imperatives dictate that the pharmaceutical industry focus on new drug development, not old drug preservation. A system perpetually requiring 'new and improved' antimicrobials, largely because of emergence of resistance in microorganisms, serves both industry and academia well.

Is there an alternate approach? One repeated recommendation, whose proponents point to numerous studies documenting that less than 50% of antimicrobials are used appropriately, is to restrict antimicrobial use (3). Encourage formulary restriction and control in acute care institutions. No antimicrobials in animal feed. Stop the selling of antimicrobials 'over the counter' in developing countries. Ecological modification through antimicrobial limitation has been documented to be effective, especially in acute care institutions (4). More widespread restriction on a societal basis would, however, be problematic. The restrictive approach is inconsistent with our western, 'free market' philosophy, which emphasizes individual rights and freedoms. Even if all inappropriate use of antimicrobials ceased, the expansion of certain high use patient populations, eg, bone marrow transplant patients, will require increasingly intensive antimicrobial use. In these populations, resistance will continue to emerge even with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Thus, potential gains from the restrictive approach are not guaranteed. This does not mean that efforts to promote optimal antimicrobial use should not be pursued. It is likely naive, however, to expect even completely optimal use to do more than slow the emergence of resistance. The arguments for optimal use of antimicrobials are primarily those of clinical care, adverse effects and cost, rather than resistance.

An alternate approach is to beat the bugs at their own game: to use molecular strategies to reverse or prevent microbial resistance. One can envisage the creation of transposons which provide some benefit to the organism, ensuring their acquisition and dissemination, but which also interfere with resistance mechanisms. While this is an attractive approach, it remains theoretical. One assumes that microorganisms would develop the means to circumvent these strategies, adding another level to the treadmill. A conceptually similar approach, the use of saprophytic organisms to fill the ecological vacuums created by antimicrobial use, has a long history, but there has been limited success and no current reason for optimism regarding the ultimate value of this approach.

The most effective means of preventing or delaying development of antimicrobial resistance must be the prevention of infection. Antimicrobials themselves may be used to prevent infection, but this use may lead to emergence of resistant organisms – this approach requires a cost-benefit analysis and further study. But the stage is larger. Programs such as continued development and wider use of vaccine, and ensuring optimal hospital infection control are crucial to preserving the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. There remains room for advances in both of these areas. Provision of adequate nutrition, sanitation and housing should all be considered strategies to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms. Antimicrobial resistance is one issue in the distribution and appropriate use of resources in our own and other societies.

This editorial is not an attempt to reduce a complex issue to a simplistic concept. Despite universal problems with antimicrobial resistance, excellent antimicrobial therapy is still effective in managing most infections. Cure is determined more by host variables rather than the infecting organism. For individuals working in the field of infectious disease, the challenges of antimicrobial resistance provide daily intellectual and therapeutic stimulation. Issues of antimicrobial resistance are, however, one facet of the larger, ultimate goal of infectious diseases – prevention.


A second generation drilling system for the Arctic offshore has been designed and constructed by Gulf Canada Resources Inc. This paper describes the decision process that resulted in the implementation of project management approach to the undertaking. A brief description of the organizational structure and control mechanisms used are presented.


Abstract This paper presents a novel measurement algorithm based on the Prony method (PM) to tracking frequency variation in power systems. The measurement algorithm, namely averaged Prony method (APM), is expected to be implemented in the synchronized phasor measurement for obtained a real-time measurement. A experimental example which simulate transient swing operations in power system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the averaged Prony method.


Significance Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the key therapeutic component of bone marrow transplantation, the first and most prevalent clinical stem cell therapy. HSCs sustain daily and life-long blood and immune production through a complex stepwise lineage commitment process. In this work, we analyzed HSC lineage commitment at the clonal level and identified HSC regulatory mechanisms that are undetectable by conventional population-level studies. We uncovered distinct HSC clonal pathways that lead to differential blood production and imbalances. Furthermore, we showed that regulation of HSCs transplanted into unconditioned hosts is strikingly different from that after irradiation and after an antagonistic antibody treatment, which has important implications for understanding, interpreting, and optimizing HSC transplantation. While the aggregate differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population has been extensively studied, little is known about the lineage commitment process of individual HSC clones. Here, we provide lineage commitment maps of HSC clones under homeostasis and after perturbations of the endogenous hematopoietic system. Under homeostasis, all donor-derived HSC clones regenerate blood homogeneously throughout all measured stages and lineages of hematopoiesis. In contrast, after the hematopoietic system has been perturbed by irradiation or by an antagonistic anti-ckit antibody, only a small fraction of donor-derived HSC clones differentiate. Some of these clones dominantly expand and exhibit lineage bias. We identified the cellular origins of clonal dominance and lineage bias and uncovered the lineage commitment pathways that lead HSC clones to different levels of self-renewal and blood production under various transplantation conditions. This study reveals surprising alterations in HSC fate decisions directed by conditioning and identifies the key hematopoiesis stages that may be manipulated to control blood production and balance.


The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (g factors g∥, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A∥, A⊥) and the local structure of the tetragonal Cu2+ center in trigonal ZnSeF6·6H2O crystal are theoretically investigated from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9 ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. In the calculated formulas, the contributions to the EPR parameters from ligand orbital and spin–orbit coupling are included on the basis of the cluster approach in view of moderate covalency of the studied systems, the required crystal-field parameters are estimated from the superposition model, which enables correlation of the crystal-field parameters and hence the EPR parameters with the tetragonal distortion of the studied [Cu(H2O)6]2+ cluster. According to the calculations, the ligand octahedra around Cu2+ are suggested to suffer relative elongation τ (≈ 0.085 A) along the [001] (or C4) axis for the tetragonal Cu2+ centers in ZnSeF6·6H2O crystal, due to the Jahn–Teller effec...


A n Escherichia coli bacterium takes about 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. Replication is a necessary precursor to cell division, and yet Escherichia coli can divide every 20 minutes. How is this possible? The answer is that, before a round of replication is over, the bacterium has already initiated the next one (or two)—as biologists have known for more than 50 years. But deciphering how exactly replication is initiated has since remained an unresolved central problem in bacterial physiology. Now a theoretical study by Haochen Fu and colleagues from the University of California,


Abstract This research investigated the use of Question and Answer Relationship Reading Strategy in increasing the students' reading comprehension achievement. The research aimed to find out to what extent the improvement of the students' reading comprehension achievement after being treated using Question and Answer Relationship (QAR) reading strategy. This research was conducted at the grade XII students of SMK Sasmita Jaya 2, Tangerang Selatan. This reaseach administrated cluster random sampling in taking the sample then decided two classes as the samples, one class was treated using QAR reading strategy and the other class was not. The method of the research was quantitative research under quasy experimental research. The result of the research shows that there was significant improvement of their reading comprehension after being treated using QAR reading strategy and there was also significant difference between the the students who were treated using QAR reading strategy and the students who were not.Keywords: Comprehension, Reading, Strategy, Students, QAR


Sodium hypochlorite is the most popular irrigati ng
soluti on. In concentrati ons between 0.5% and 6% it is a
potent anti microbial agent, killing most bacteria instantly
on direct contact.
The Aim of this study was to investi gate the possibility
of using some bleach soluti ons for root canal irrigati on.
Methods: Because of its low price, bleach is widely
used in F.Y.R.O.M. Alkaloid AD Skopje produces 10% and
20% Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant soluti on that is
used in the food industry diluted with water in various
concentrati ons. The Varakina bleach which is a solvent
of sodium hypochlorite with a scent of lemon is used
for whitening laundry and bed linen. The samples of
commercial soluti ons were taken from the market and
tested on the presence and concentrati on of heavy
metals as impuriti es.
The atomic absorpti on spectrophotometry (AAS) is used
for determinati on of heavy metals in tested soluti ons.
Results: Results were compared to the German code
standard which allows not more than 20 ppm of heavy
metals in hypochlorite soluti ons used for irrigati on.
The obtained results showed that the concentrati ons of
heavy metals in the tested samples were below maximum
allowed concentrati ons for the tap water.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that commercial
soluti ons can be used for root canal irrigati on but onlyaft er checking the quality of the product on the content
of heavy metals as impuriti es. The quality of the product
can also be evaluated from the batch quality certi fi cate
from the producer. It is recommended to use purifi ed
water to obtain desired diluti on. However, it is always
safer to use products specially designed for stomatologic
use than commercial sodium hypochlorite products for
other purposes.


The pathogenesis of anemia was studies in eight cases of untreated acute childhood leukemia. Varying degrees of erythroid hypoplasis, as judged by ferrokinetic studies and/or studies of marrow cellularity, were present in all cases. Urinary erythropoietin excretion (UEP) was assayed in exhypoxic polycythemic mice. An increase in UEP within the range commonly found in aplastic anemia was seen in two cases. In three other cases, however, the UEP was very low for the degree of anemia. In one such case, presenting with Hb concentration of 7 g/100 ml, massive leukemic infiltration and scarce erythroid elements in the marrow, the UEP was 0.0014/24 hr. There were, on the other hand, two patients who had only mild anemia and yet their UEP was excessively high. One such patient, whose Hb concentration was 10.3 g/100 ml, excreted 60 units/24 hr. An inhibitor of crythropoiesis has been looked for in the plasmas of our patients but none was found so far. These preliminary observations suggest that some interference with the regulator mechanizm of crythropoiesis is present in acute leukemia.


In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) was modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an ionophore (AuNPs/ionophore/SPE) to provide an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of lead ions using linear sweep anoding stripping voltammetry (LSASV). The effect of electrochemical parameters, including supporting electrolyte, pH, deposition potential, deposition time, and scan rate, on the sensitivity of the sensor for the detection of Pb2+ was investigated. Under optimized conditions [deposition time 240 s, deposition potential −1.2 V, Tris-HCl (0.1 mol L−1, pH 2), and scan rate of 0.1 Vs−1], the linear sweep voltammogram at −0.5 V was related to the concentration of Pb2+ in the range of 0.4 to 20 μg mL−1 Pb2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.082 μg mL−1. The method was used to determine Pb2+ ions in river and tap water with satisfactory results. The modified electrode displayed benefits such as high sensitivity and selectivity, long time stability, easy preparation, and wide linear range.


Camera calibration patterns and fiducial markers are basic technique for 3D measurement to create Computer Graphics (CG) and Augmented Reality (AR). A checkerboard is widely used as a calibration pattern and a circle or ring grid provides higher precision [Datta et al. 2009], and matrix codes are common as AR markers.


The Americans With Disabilities Act, along with the ADA Amendments Act, court decisions, and technological advances, have combined to create a situation which, at the time of original ADA's passage in 1990, would have been virtually unthinkable—employees with some disabilities now have the right to legally demand that they be allowed to work from home. With the advancing age of the workforce, and increases in networking abilities to link the home into the office, the number of employers facing said demands is certain to increase. The following is a guide for analyzing and dealing with said demands.


Research in business ethics supports a positive relationship between individuals' perceived importance of ethics (PIE) and ethical decision-making. A number of antecedents are discussed in the literature suggesting reasons for why some individuals have higher levels of PIE than others. Since previous research suggests that national culture impacts ethical decision-making, our study investigates national culture as an explanatory variable to predict levels of perceived ethics. In a laboratory experiment we find that U.S. nationals have significantly higher levels of PIE evaluating two unethical vignettes as compared to a matched group of Germanic European nationals. As international management must adjust to different cultures' moral attitudes, values, and behaviors and respect possible differences in ethicality due to nationality, implications for management and business operating in the U.S. and Germanic Europe are offered.


This article examines, firstly, the model of university that followed the National University of San Marcos when it was created. Second, it identifies the stages through which its history can be better understood. The first stage responds to its role played during the process of conquest and colonization of the Viceroyalty of Peru; The second stage corresponds to the role of San Marcos during the construction of the nation-state in the second half of the nineteenth century in the context of economic growth associated with the guano boom; And the third stage is associated with the university reform of Cordoba, when students and teachers are incorporated into the decisionmaking and university management bodies. Finally, in the third place, the role of two illustrious figures is analyzed: Fray Tomas de San Martin as founder of the University and Jose Antonio Encinas as one of the main promoters of the third democratizing stage.


The mechanism for the planetary motions contained in the lost subsystem of Antikythera mechanism is a strict challenge of the reconstruction design and attracts many scholars' attentions. In the modern time, Edmunds and Morgan, and Wright successively presented the design concepts, even the solid reconstruction models. To focus on the study of lost mechanisms, this work provides a systematic procedure of the reconstruction design to synthesize all feasible designs describing the planetary motion in the lost subsystem. And all synthesized designs agree with the science and technology standards of the subject's time period. Based on the kinematic analysis of the planetary theories in the time of Antikythera mechanism, the anomaly planetary motions that could be demonstrated by a pin-in-slot device are completely understood. By the mechanism analysis and the design concept with the minimum numbers of the members, two types of the feasible topological structures and the corresponding design specifications are obtained: Type 1 is a four-bar mechanism with five joints; Type 2 is a five-bar mechanism with seven joints. In addition, the relations of the teeth for the inferior and superior planets are discussed in each possible combination of the planet gears. Moreover, through the study of the historical literature, the astronomical theories and the existing designs, the required design constraints are concluded further. For Type 1 and Type 2 reconstruction designs, one, the design by Edmunds and Morgan, and three feasible designs are respectively synthesized in accordance with the concepts of generalization and specialization. And all feasible designs are identified further for the suitable planets through the identifications of the input types. In conclusion, all generated designs are consistent with the scientific theories and techniques of the subject's time period and match the surviving evidences.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Abstract:
Background & Aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector – borne disease and at present it is one of the important health problems in tropical and sub - tropical countries including Iran. Due to imposed expenses to the people and government, this study was performed to evaluate the cost – effectiveness of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in the years after the earthquake in Bam/Iran.
Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study data about treatment costs CL-patients during 2006-7 were collected. Overall, 100 recovered patients were randomly selected and their treatment costs were analyzed.
Results: For 5320 CL patients about 2570 million rials was spend by the government that was equal to per capita cost of 483676 rials. In addition, 1150 million rials were spent by the patients themselves in private clinics which increase the per capita cost to 216320 rials. Overall, 3% of the patients referred to private sectors that had 2 million rials costs and 25% referred to both governmental and private sectors which has led to a per capita cost of 550000 rials. In total, over 90% of the costs were direct and 10% were indirect costs.
Conclusion: The per capita treatment cost in this study shows a significant difference with those by other national and international reports. The establishment of CL Treatment Center after the earthquake in bam has reduced the disease costs and provided an efficient, free and easy accessible service for the patients. This experience could be a suitable model to be used nationally as well as globally.

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Treatment costs, Bam Earthquake


Abstract : Purpose. This study evaluates the usefulness of incorporating additives for active duty and dependent of active duty care into the supply allocation formula used for U.S. Army Health Services Command (HSC) hospitals under the proposed DRG-based resourcing system. At mid-year review FY 1989, the U.S. Army Health Services Command (HSC) became the first military medical organization to apply the DRG model for actual resourcing. The results demonstrated clearly that the DRG methodology moves resources from community hospitals into the tertiary care centers (Fig. 1.). Since the community hospitals deliver the majority of active duty care (Figs. 2,3), the DRG system has the potential to seriously impair the ability of the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) to carry out its primary mission--to maintain the health and fitness of the troops.


Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photosensitizer synthesized from 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) that has been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a promising treatment for many types of cancer. In this work it was quantified the accumulation of PpIX in tumors and in different tissues of female mice (nu/nu) inoculated with breast cancer cells. Two routes of administration of ALA: gastric probe and intratumoral injection were used to find optimum time of accumulation and the via that induce the higher quantity of PpIX to improve the efficiency of PDT. The results show that the accumulation of PpIX using the intratumoral via is two times bigger than the oral via in tumors at 8 h of treatment. The concentrations obtained in the different tissues are not physiologically significant.


From the affirmation expressed in the texts of different versions (Brasil, 2015b, 2016, 2017a) of the Common National Curriculum Base (called BNCC), our objective is to discuss the meanings that are produced for teacher education/performance. With the support of Ernesto Laclau's Theory of Discourse, which defends policy as discursive production, we argue the construction of a hegemony around a common base that extends beyond the definition of contents: a base that also conducts and makes common a teaching meaning, in a universalization of both the school curriculum and the education and teaching work, also observing the effects of these discourses and their articulations in the Resolution no 2 of the CNE, of July 1st, 2015, which defines the National Curricular Guidelines for initial education at higher level. In view of this, we seek to discuss the curriculum conception that unfolds from the premises defended at the BNCC, observing the meanings of curriculum and teaching that it is intended to hegemonize. Keywords: curricular policies, discourse, common base, teaching.


Abstract Archived radar reports, derived from the National Weather Service radar network, were used to estimate the average annual frequencies of thunderstorm days across New York State for the period 1978–81. The archival records consist of manually-digitized radar (MDR) data, available on magnetic tapes and arranged as hourly, digitally-encoded radar reflectivity values within a high-resolution grid of reporting blocks, each 45 × 45 km. Analyses of these data made use of an experimentally-derived relationship between radar reflectivities and the presence and intensities of thunderstorms. The radar-based thunderstorm day climatology generally agreed to within 15% of conventional, surface-based thunderstorm day statistics reported for the same period by National Weather Service (NWS) offices located within range of two or more network radars in the State. Poorest agreement between annual totals was found at selected NWS offices in the Greater New York City Metropolitan Area and northward into the lower Hu...


Plant autocontrol systems are subject to failure; those occurring in autocontrolled nuclear reactors may necessitate a trip, with attendant economic penalties.Such failures may be avoided by designing autocontrollers which comprise a number of identical subsystems.The practical significance is discussed of some of the requirements for achieving high autocontrol reliability, and it is shown how these requirements have been translated into detailed design of hardware for a research reactor in which autocontrol of neutron flux and period is required.The underlying theme is that autocontrol of the plant can continue in spite of subsystem failure, but that careful vigilance must be exercised over the duration of the failure.Various devices are discussed which help to increase the efficiency of a redundant autocontrol system. Daily proof tests and passive monitoring devices can ensure that no relaxation of vigilance is allowed.


Painting cost accounts for a very great proportion of the manageable cost of the entire automobile manufacturing,as a result,reducing the painting cost has been the point for controlling the whole cost.What's more,the most effective way to reduce the painting cost is to lower the energy consumption and reasonably utilize the energy.The process water increases with the rise in output,therefore,it is inevitable to reasonably control the water consumption,increase the water resource utilization,reduce the waste of water resource which leads to a lower processing loading,and recycle the water resource.


The recent refusal by the Appeal Committee of the House of Lords to grant leave to appeal to their Lordships' House in the case of Agip (Africa) Ltd v Jackson means that an opportunity has been lost to clarify the law with regard to the liability of a third party who helps a fiduciary commit a breach of trust. The difficulty is further compounded when one bears in mind that the ultimate appeal in Lipkin Goman v Karpnale did not involve one of the original defendants, Lloyds Bank, whose liability for enabling the gambling-addicted solicitor to sustain his predilection by cashing cheques for him was considered only by Alliott J and the Court of Appeal.


The topological and geometrical description of fault and fracture networks is an essential first step in any investigation of fractured or faulted media. The spatial arrangement, density, connectivity, and geometry of the discontinuities strongly impact the physical properties of the media such as resilience and permeability. Obtaining reliable metrics for characterizing fault and fracture networks is of interest for mining engineering, reservoir characterization, groundwater management, and studies on the regional fluid flow history. During large-scale studies, we mostly rely on two-dimensional lineaments obtained through structural mapping, outcrop analysis, or remote sensing. An efficient and widely applicable framework for discontinuity network characterization should therefore be based on the analysis of the frequently available two-dimensional data sets.

Here, we present an automated framework for efficient and robust characterization of the geometric and topologic parameters of discontinuity networks. The geometry of the lineaments is characterised based on orientation, length, and sinuosity. The underlying distribution of these parameters are determined, and representative probability density functions are reported. The connection between the geometric parameters is validated, e.g. correlation between orientation and length. The spatial arrangement is determined by classical line- and window-sampling, by assessing the fractal dimension, and via graph-based topology analysis.

In addition to the statistical analysis of lineament networks, we show how the graph data structure can be utilized for further characterization by linking it to raster data such as magnetic, gravimetric, or elevation. This procedure not only yields an additional means for lineament characterization but also allows users to assess dominant pathways based, for instance, on hydraulic gradients. We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm on synthetic data sets and real-world case studies on mapped fault and fracture networks.

We finally show how our framework can also be utilized to design detailed numerical studies on the fluid flow properties of analysed networks by conditioning mesh refinement on the type and number of intersections. In addition, due to known scaling relationships our framework can help to determine appropriate parameters for the simulations. We provide examples of statistically parametrized fluid flow simulations in natural discontinuity networks and show the impact of conceptualizing the lineaments as conduits, barriers or conduit-barrier systems.


A new antihydrogen facility will be created in Europe by transforming an existing machine at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics. CERN had shut down antihydrogen research at the end of last year for financial reasons. But now money from Japan means the lab can now afford to convert its antiproton collector into an antiproton decelerator (AD). Experiments will start in spring 1999.


Abstract Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and production around the world. Gibberellic acid is known as a strong growth stimulator, effective on seed germination and breaking of seed dormancy in various plant species. In order to study the response of Safflower,Sofeh cultivar, to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block designwith three replications in Pardis Agricultural Research and Education Center, Saveh, Iran. The first factor was salinity at three levels including 0, 100, and 200 mMNaCal. The second factor was seed priming with gibberellin at three levels including 0, 20, and 40 mgl-1. Findings suggested that the salinity and seed priming improved biochemical indexes of proline and peroxidase in the seedlings under study, increasing their mean germination time, germination rate, germination percentage, and chlorophyll contents. The maximum proline contents were observed in the seedlings treated with 200 mM salinity and priming with 49 mgl-1gibberelin, 3.48 mg per gram fresh weight. The maximum mean germination time, germination rate, germination percentage, and chlorophyll contents were related to 0 mM salinity and 40 mgl-1gibberellin as 2.86 days, 26.16%, 76.6%, and 8.05%, respectively. In sum, the findings suggested that priming of safflower seeds with gibberellin under saline conditions improves the plants' resistance against salinity and their germination and growth.


Currently, the development of excellent red phosphor materials has attracted much attention in daily lighting, backlit displays, optical thermometry sensors and plant growth fields. However, spectral peak position modulation and bandwidth are still crucial challenges. Herein, we design Eu3+→Mn4+ energy transfer in the Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) garnet host. On the one hand, photoluminescence tuning from narrow orangish-red emission (593 nm) to narrow deep-red light (668 nm) is successfully obtained, and the energy transfer efficiency reaches 47%. On the other hand, LuAG:Eu3+ exhibits anti-thermal-quenching properties; that is, the peak intensity reaches 166% at 200 °C of the initial intensity at 25 °C. By designing Eu3+→Mn4+ energy transfer, Mn4+ thermal quenching performance is dramatically improved. The photoluminescence peak intensities at 668 nm for LuAG:0.01Mn4+ and LuAG:0.05Eu3+,0.01Mn4+ retain 3.26% and 26% at 200 °C of the original intensity at 25 °C. The corresponding energy transfer mechanism to improve thermal quenching is revealed. According to the fluorescence intensity ratio technique, the maximum values of Sa and Sr for LuAG:0.05Eu3+,0.01Mn4+ are 0.07 K−1 and 0.7% K−1 at 303 K. The temperature sensitivity calculation indicates that LuAG:Eu3+,Mn4+ phosphors can act as promising candidates in optical thermometry sensors. This work provides an insight to achieve narrow red emission modulation and thermal quenching improvement.


SUMMARY. Hepatozoon sciuri (Coles, 1914) is reported from gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in Washington, D.C. and Maryland. Blood smears stained with Giemsa's stain revealed a parasitemia in 16 to 71% of the squirrels examined. A technique for laking the red cells and concentrating the white cells in blood samples demonstrated this protozoon to be present in every squirrel so tested.


TThe final mechanical properties of cast iron depend on the nature and properties of the matrix and on the morphology of graphite precipitates. The article presents the results of studies of the structure of austenitic ductile iron with different nickel content. The studies include the identification and stereological description of graphite precipitates. The volume fraction of graphite in cast iron was determined in function of the size of the precipitates and the adopted shape coefficient of single particles, enabling the content of regular spheroids to be estimated.


Six local rice genotypes was tested in two different application of fertilizer (organic and an-organic fertilizer). The objective of this research is to study heritability and genotypic phenotypic correlation between quantitative traits of local rice in organic and an-organic fertilizer environment. This research was conducted from November 2008 until May 2009 (rainy season) in irrigation rice field Sumbersari, Malang City. Field design in each environment of fertilizer used randomized block design with three replication and seven trials. The results showed that high heritability in organic and an-organic environment were obtained for all characters which observed except for number of empty grain per panicle had medium heritability. In organic and an-organic environment all characters evaluated had narrow genetic variability. 50% days of flowering in organic and an-organic had genotypic and phenotypic correlation significantly positive with days to harvest, plant high, panicle length, number of filled grain per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, number of filled grain per clump and yield. Key words : Heritability, Genotypic Phenotypic Correlation, local rice, organic and anorganic fertilizer


Wood use in bio-building should be considered as one of the main pillars of sustainability. According to international standards, beech wood ( Fagus sylvatica L.) is a rather less durable species as it is subject to degradation due to weathering, though it is abundantly available to a more intense use. Service life of beech products and wood products in general can be enhanced by different methods, such as heat treatments, but new chances are offered by coating technologies. However, to ensure protection from wood-destroying organisms, most commercial coatings include components that could harm human health, other organisms and the environment. Therefore, coating industry has to develop more eco-friendly solutions in order to decrease its impact on human health and environment. The objective of this article was to modify commercial acrylic varnish by adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and lignin (LN) extracted from beech wood and investigate their effect on water sorption, additive dispersion in the coating matrix and coating resistance to bacterial attack. Contact angle, weight gain and colour difference were analysed and FT-IR mapping was applied. The performance of CNC was promising, as it enhanced water sorption of the modified coating. However, protection against bacterial attack was not satisfying. On the other hand, chemically unmodified lignin did not show positive effects as component in the coating formulation. Nevertheless, the currently limited usage of these two renewable and abundant resources urgently calls for their more efficient utilization, in order to create additional value with industry side-streams producing novel bio-based materials. Further experiments are needed in order to obtain better dispersion of the particles and higher resistance to bacterial attacks.


The performance pressures on implementing effective network security monitoring are growing fiercely due to rising traffic rates, the need to perform much more sophisticated forms of analysis, the requirement for inline processing, and the collapse of Moore's law for sequential processing. Given these growing pressures, we argue that it is time to fundamentally rethink the nature of using hardware to support network security analysis. Clearly, to do so we must leverage massively parallel computing elements, as only these can provide the necessary performance. The key, however, is to devise an abstraction of parallel processing that will allow us to expose the parallelism latent in semantically rich, stateful analysis algorithms; and that we can then further compile to hardware platforms with different capabilities.


The relevance of creating high-quality control systems for electric drives with a switched reluctance motor (SRM) was substantiated. Using methods of mathematical modeling, transient characteristics of the process of turn-on of SRMs with various moments of inertia were obtained. Based on analysis of the obtained transient characteristics, features of the SRM turn-on process determined by dynamic change of parameters of the SRM during its turn-on were shown. Low accuracy of SRM identification using a fractionally rational function of rat34 class was shown. Regression coefficient of the resulting model was 85 %. Based on analysis of transient characteristics of the SRM turn-on process, a hypothesis was put forward about the possibility of identifying the SRM by means of a fractional-order transfer function. Using the methods of mathematical modeling, transient characteristics of the process of turning-on the SRMs with various moments of inertia were obtained. Using the FOMCON MATLAB Toolbox, identification of the SRM turn-on process with the help of a fractional-order transfer function of second order was performed. Regression coefficient of the resulting model was 93–96 %. For the obtained fractional-order transfer functions, a method of synthesis of a fractional-order PI λ D μ controller optimized in terms of minimum integral square error of the transition function of the closed system of fractional-order control of objects was implemented. The FOMCON MATLAB Toolbox was used for synthesis of the PI λ D μ controller. Comparative analysis of the SRM turn-on processes in both open and closed control systems with a classical integer-order PID controller and with a fractional-order PI λ D μ controller was made. Use of the fractional-order PI λ D μ controller in comparison with the classical integer-order regulator makes it possible to reduce overshoot from 13.3 % to 2.64 %, increase speed of the closed ACS, decrease regulation time from 1.48 s to 0.53 s while reducing variability of transient characteristics. The study results can be used to improve performance of closed systems for controlling angular velocity of the SRM


Mammals play a crucial role for the biotic processes of the rainforest ecosystem. Studying their behaviour and biology are vital to fully understand the jigsaw of rainforest dynamics. This study was made to update the diversity checklist of mammals in Gunung Ledang. This study was done in Taman Negara Johor; Gunung Ledang (2.37°N, 102.60°E) where it is known to be the highest mountain (1,276 m asl.) in the southern Malay Peninsula. This study was conducted from July 2018 to April 2019. In total, 22 cameras were installed along three nature trails which are Sagill trail, Telekom Trail, and Resort Trail. Overall, a total of 31 species of terrestrial mammals from small- to large-sized were recorded in our camera trapping study of 3434 camera-days.Mammals such as the Leopard (Panthera pardus), Sumatran Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), and Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) were caught in the videos of camera trap. This showed that the diversity of mammals in Gunung Ledang is quite high. Tthis paper already gave valuable insights in a rainforest guild that is highly diverse and of outstanding value to the forest ecosystem. Management plans and strategy to conserve the mammals in Gunung Ledang can be done as accordingly afterwards.


Two plate and shell displacement elements are developed for use in large deflection non-linear analysis. The elements are of the 'stability' type, in which non-linear strains are included, with their values optimized by added higher order membrane functions and special types of elemental level constraints. The paper summarizes formulation and computational procedures, and discusses numerical results in detail. Conclusions are given regarding the effectiveness of the elements for solving both linear and non-linear shell analysis problems.


Introduction. Due to the high dynamism and unpredictability of economic processes, caused by the factors of institutional and pandemic uncertainty, the inability of the theory of rational economic behavior to fully explain their course and predict the financial and economic decisions of economic subjects is manifested. This leads to the increasing popularity of the cognitive approach in economic research. Problem Statement. Study of the influence of behavioral factors on the financial and economic decision-making of economic entities in conditions of economic uncertainty, in particular under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The financial and economic behavior of economic entities cannot be considered in isolation from their individual characteristics, behavioral factors, and the influence of the external environment. The purpose of the study is to identify behavioral factors and justify their role in making financial and economic decisions by economic subjects in conditions of economic uncertainty. Methods. A set of methods of scientific knowledge, general scientific and special principles, methods, in particular structural and logical, comparative analysis, systematic approach, historical and statistical methods, classification method, etc. Results. The financial and economic behavior of economic entities cannot be considered in isolation from their individual characteristics, behavioral factors, and the influence of the external environment. The identification of behavioral factors influencing financial and economic decision-making by economic entities in conditions of uncertainty was carried out in the following areas: consumer behavior of the population; entrepreneurial activity, credit and investment activity of economic entities. It was found that when making financial decisions, they are faced with an insufficient amount of information, limited possibilities of perceiving and processing information, the influence of stereotypes and emotions formed in society. It was revealed that during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the behavior of economic entities occurred due to the increase in the uncertainty factor. Conclusions. Behavioral factors of financial decision-making by subjects of the regional economy are systematized, with three components being singled out: cognitive biases, emotions, framing. It is proposed to reduce the influence of behavioral factors on financial and economic decision-making using such tools as discussion, alternative, collective discussion, nudge technology, group thinking management.


With the help designed we of a questionnaire conduct the analysis of idealized opening-up 352 doctors of general practice and local out-patient doctors in diff erent locales of Western Siberia (Tyumen area, Omsk area, Hanti-Mansiysk autonomous area). Th e questionnaire actuated 30 problems on a subject of diagnostic and treatment of gastroenterological diseases and 5 versions of the answer. Maximum quantity of balls, which one was possible to type for right answers till all problem, made 92. Is established, that the level of idealized knowledge for the doctors of this structure is poor: the average indices of the collected balls varied from 51,9 up to 74,5. Between separate entities of public health services the signifi cant distinctions on a level of idealized opening-up of the doctors are detected statistically.


The forecasting occupancy guest nights is an essential discipline in Marketing Strategy, Yielding across various channels, purchase decisions, expansion plans and various decisions about staffing and hotel maintenance in tourist hotels. Colombo city and Greater Colombo is the highest regions of night occupancy by international tourist in Sri Lanka. The high occupancy will increase the demand for accommodation. Therefore the hotel industry should adopt revenue management practices to maximize profits and optimize operations. This study was focused on identifying suitable forecasting techniques for occupancy guest nights of international tourist. Monthly data of foreign guest nights for the period of January 2008 to December 2016 were obtained from Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA). The Decomposition additive and multiplicative models and Seasonal Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) were tested for forecasting. The Anderson–Darling test, Auto-Correlation Function (ACF), Durbin-Watson test, and Ljung-Box Q (LBQ)-test were used as the goodness of fit tests in model validation. The best fitting model was selected by comparing the relative measurements of errors and the absolute measurements of errors. The residuals of both Decomposition; additive and multiplicative models were found normally distributed, but not independent. Both relative and absolute measurements of errors of the model ARIMA (1,0,1)(2,1,1)4 are very low in model fitting. The residuals of ARIMA (1,0,1)(2,1,1)4 were found normally distributed and independent. Therefore, future night occupancy by the foreign guest in Colombo city and Greater Colombo can be forecast ed by past night occupancy by foreign guest, past errors and seasonal components. The study concluded that SARIMA performs better than Decomposition models in forecasting occupancy guest nights. However, the SARIMA model is not capable in capturing the cyclical variations. Therefore, it is recommended to test the Circular Model for de-trended data for better forecasting.


A method for realizing automatic self-adjustment of the parallelism of the two optical axes of a multiload photoelectric tracing device belongs to the technology field of photoelectric tracing measurement and relates to a method for adjusting the parallelism of the two optical axes. The technical problem to be solved is to provide a method for realizing automatic self-adjustment of the parallelism of the two optical axes of the multiload photoelectric tracing device. The technical proposal is that the self-subsystem of a device to be adjusted is started; a visible light camera and a noctovisor are respectively connected with a tracing device frame by a transmission gear; the target centers of a drone are traced by a television tracer; the undershooting amount is taken as the position feedback amount of the transmission gear; a potentiometer is taken a position sensor; the transmission gear automatically adjusts the orientation and pitching direction of the cameras until the two target centers of the drone are aligned with the centers of field coverage of the two cameras; the undershooting amount of the target centers is taken as the position feedback of the optical axes, and the optical axes are automatically adjusted by the transmission gear, which is the key of the method. The method is simple, without the need of additional devices; the outfield maintenance is easy.


Matrix photoionization of biphenyl vapor during condensation at 20±2 K with excess argon produced band systems at 382.8 and 669.4 nm which are assigned to biphenyl cation owing to agreement with earlier radiolysis studies. The bands are blue shifted from photoelectron band differences which indicate structural changes between the molecule and the ionic states in the gas phase or between the gas and condensed phase ionic states. Vibrational fine structure in both absorption systems exhibits appropriate deuterium shifts and correlates with symmetric modes in the Raman spectra of C12H10 and C12D10. The sharper 382.8 nm band system reveals a 1771 cm−1 splitting of this ionic state, presumably a result of inter‐ring resonance interactions.


According to the problem of one automobile clutch easy to cause vibration and noise,the main components of the clutch entity model is set up.Putting clutch entity into finite element software through the finite element technology,strength and modal analysis on key parts of automobile clutch based on Hypermesh software,the cause of resonance from clutch is obtained.Some suggestions on decreasing clutch's vibration and noise are put forward.


We present a proof of the weak Mordell–Weil theorem that will enable us to explicitly bound the rank of certain classes of elliptic curves. We also discuss the Lutz–Nagel algorithm for determining the torsion subgroup. Finally, we determine the torsion subgroup of two special classes of elliptic curves. We follow [4] and [6].


OVARIAN PREGNANCY: DELIVERY OF THE FCETUS PER ANUM: PERFECT RECOVERY. A merchant's wife, aged 35, of Berlin, was, as primipara, in 1856, safely delivered. In November, 1862, she had severe pain in the left hypogastric region, which showed an eggshaped swelling. The catamenia ceased for nine weeks, but pregnancy was not made out. The patient was then seen by Dr. Hildebrandt, who made the diagnosis of a pregnant (?) uterus, without, however, being able to give a decided solution of the question. At the next consultation, an entirely -normal pregnancy was diagnosed by one physician,


This PKM activity was carried out at Elementary School Institutions in Ganti Village, East Praya District, namely at Ganti Elementary School as a partner. The design mechanism for implementing PKM activities is carried out by adopting action research steps which consist of 4 (four) stages, namely: planning, action, observation and evaluation, and reflection. Activities or activities from each stage, namely (1) Planning, at this stage initial coordination is carried out between the team proposing the partnership program and the partner school team to identify existing problems, analyze partner needs, and analyze school potential, then arrange training programs, (2) Implementation of Actions, Actions in this activity are in the form of program implementation. The activities carried out in program implementation include; the formation of the Implementation Team, and the implementation of the article writing workshop, (3) Observation and Evaluation, Observations were made of the process of making articles by partner teachers. The instrument used is in the form of field notes, the final stage is (4) Reflection. Reflection is carried out on the activities that have been carried out.


Developing a desirable service requires in-depth understanding of customers. However, in the past, discovering insights from customers has usually depended on designers experiences. It is hard for novice designers and designers at enterprises with G-D logic mindsets to do this well. A partial solution rests on challenging the core design practices of reframing and frame creation. However, it is rare to see how these framing design activities can be supported and analyzed by relevant tools. In this study, we present an IT-based tool with commonsense knowledge in ConceptNet to facilitate a variety of association reasoning methods in the reframing and frame creation process of service design insight discovery. We also propose the concept of insight depth to serve as a metric for measuring the influential extent of insights. This study ends up with an exploration of how the quality of the reframing and frame creation process can be improved for experienced and novice designers when supported by our tool.


The article deals with spiritual and moral  upbringing of a person using the teaching methods of Jalāl ad-dīn Rumi . The problems as relying on systematicity in the process of educating a person, coherence of information, correct setting of a pedagogical requirement, organization of an information through words and  conversation, formation and reinforcement of a material by means of question and answer are analyzed from pedagogical point of view. The teachings of Rumi deal with the development of a person, his perfection and the realization of his self essence. His views reflect that coherence of the information in education is the foundation of conveying the information clearly, completely, compactly and relying on certain requirements. The poet  emphasises the possibility of reaching one's goals by giving the demand an important role,  he shows bilateral demand in the organization of the education and he himself brings up his students by frequently organizing colloquys with them.  Rumi deeply understands the essence of the word and reaches the soul of his reader by the power of word.  Moreover, the ways and means of using Rumi's ideas in the process of upbringing a perfect generation are indicated in this article. Key words: sytematicity, coherence, demand, colloquy, word, question and answer.


By using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, this paper presents an original analysis of electromagnetic problems with moving bodies. In our FDTD program, movements are implemented by changing positions of the objects at different time instants, through the classical FDTD time loop. With this direct approach, time is implicitly absolute and Voigt-Lorentz transformations are not implemented. This technique is suitable for non-relativistic speeds, thus for most encountered electromagnetic problems. We present the numerical aspects that need to be considered in the FDTD code. Then, different problems are investigated with new results: moving plane wave source with matching resistors, moving dielectric half-space and moving metallic cylinder.


Eleven main alkaloids was observed in the leaf of Vinca major, of these, eight is determined: Ajmaline,Vindo[ine, Catharantine, Serpentine, Vincamine, Vincristine, Ajmalicine and Vinblastine. The known main alkaloids formed totally 41.5% and the unknown main alkaloids about 50.6% of the total alkaloid. The amount of the total alkaloid was 2.3 mg per gr of the fresh weight. Vincamine which was not present in V.rosea, was seen in V.major (8.2%). Furthermore, Vindoline, Catharantine and Serpentine had a lesser amount in V.major, in comparison with V.rosea, respectively 3.7%, 18.1% and 6.3%. The mentioned eight known alkaloids and nine unknown alkaloids was observed in the leaf of V.minor. The known main alkaloids formed totally 37.1% and the unknown main alkaloids about 56.4% of the total alkaloids. The amount of the total alkaloid was 0.5 mg per gr of the fresh weight.All of alkaloids had a lesser amount in V.major, in comparison with alkaloids of similar to itself. Vincamine had the most percent (16.1%) and Vindoline (6.6%) and Serpentine (7.8%) were set after it. It was observed, in addition to mentioned eight known alkaloids, eight unknown alkaloids in the leaf of V. herbacea. The known main alkaloids formed totaly 52.5% and the unknown main alkaloids about 41.5% of the total alkaloid. The amount of the total alkaloid was 4.7 mg per gr of the fersh weight of the leaf. This amount is more than the amount which was observed in V.rosea (0.75), V.major (2,3), and V.minor (0.5).Vincamine had a high percent (39.8) and Serpentine a low percent (8.7). In short, V.herbacea is a good source for Vincamine and Serpentine, specially the last compound which easily is changed into Ajmalicine. V. rosea and V.major are a good source for Vindoline and Catharantine that can be used for providing Vinblastine and Vincristine.


This study explores the heterogeneous effects of minimum wage on innovation of different types of firms. We develop an open-economy R&D-based growth model and obtain the following result: raising the minimum wage reduces innovation of firms that use domestic inputs but increases innovation of firms that import foreign inputs. Intuitively, when the minimum wage increases, importing firms substitute labor with imported inputs, which have technology spillovers and enhance their innovation. We test this result using city-level data on minimum wages and firm-level patent data in China. Finally, we find that in accordance with our theory, raising the minimum wage is associated with more innovation by importing firms and less by non-importing firms. This result survives a battery of robustness checks.


It is still a formidable challenge to develop ideal thermal dissipation materials with simultaneous high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical softness and toughness, and spontaneous self-healing. Herein, we report the introduction of sandwich-like boron nitride nanosheets-liquid metal binary fillers into an artificial poly(urea-urethane) elastomer to address the above issue, which confers the composite elastomer with a unique thermal-mechanical-healing combination, including a low modulus, high in-plane thermal conductivity and high mass loading of rigid fillers but self-recoverability and room-temperature self-healing.


We would like to thank Drs Brovko et al. for their thoughts regarding our study: 'Overlap of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features with undifferentiated connective tissue disease and contribution of UIP to mortality'. Indeed, we noted heterogeneity among patients meeting diagnostic criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), yet clear prognostic differences between those with and without usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) features. IPAF patients with UIP features had similar survival to a cohort of documented idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. With these findings, we raised the question of whether IPAF-UIP simply represented forme fruste IPF, and if so, should UIP findings (either by pathology or computed tomography (CT)) be exclusionary for IPAF? In the correspondence from Bravko et al., they noted after reviewing our study and the remainder of available IPAF literature, that there appears to be an opportunity to identify more homogeneous groups within IPAF and that treatment could be tailored within these groups. However, they would not consider UIP exclusionary given similar demographics, functional status and additional inclusionary diagnostic criteria between IPAF patients with and without UIPF findings. In response, we agree that additive data have reinforced the heterogeneity within IPAF and that evaluation of tailored treatments appears to be a logical next step as understanding of IPAF continues to evolve. Recall though that the current IPAF definition serves a unifying role for research purposes only and has not been proposed as a clinically recognized entity despite its possible informal use as such in day-to-day practice. A jump to proposed therapy for a yet incompletely described or accepted group should elicit some pause or consideration. Investigations into the efficacy of antifibrotic therapy for fibrosing interstitial lung disease other than IPF are necessary, and we are eager to see additional efforts pursued for IPAF-UIP as well. If directed therapy for IPAF-UIP with antifibrotics seems reasonable, more pressing may be the study of empiric anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant therapy with corticosteroid and steroid-sparing agents for IPAF patients with non-UIP findings, similar to fully diagnosed connective-tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease. Discussions are ongoing regarding further classifying fibrotic interstitial lung diseases into progressive or IPF-like versus non-IPF as recently highlighted by Wells et al. Two major pathways were discussed, either 'splitting' IPF into subgroups with movement towards increased precision of diagnosis and personalized medicine, or 'lumping' of IPF with other progressive fibrotic lung diseases as an opportunity to unify and extend available treatment options. Whether patients with UIP who otherwise meet diagnostic criteria for IPAF remain under the IPAF umbrella or are excluded based on their natural history, an ultimate goal remains determining the most efficacious treatment for both subsets and we hope such focus is not lost as disease definitions are further refined.


An experiment was conducted to study the in uence of dietary organic and inorganic chromium on serum cholesterol levels of Japanese quails for a period of six weeks with seven hundred day-old quail chicks. These quail chicks were randomly grouped into seven treatment groups with four replicates consisting of 25 quail chicks in each replicate. They were provided with feed supplemented with inorganic chromium and organic chromium in the form of chromium with azolla and chromium with yeast at 500 and 1000 ppb levels and a control diet without chromium supplement from day old to six weeks of age. Blood samples were collected at six weeks of age for estimating serum cholesterol level. The serum cholesterol level was lowest in 500 ppb of inorganic chromium supplemented group and the higher level of serum cholesterol was recorded in the control group.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of montelukast sodium in the treatment of pediatric asthma.Methods 76 cases of pediatric asthma were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(n=38) received routine therapy,while the observation group(n=38) received montelukast sodium on basis of control group.The total effect,attacking frequency of day and night asthma four and eight weeks after treatment,and accumulated inhalation dose of glucocorticoid and quick-acting β2 receptor stimulating agent with three months were compared.Results The attacking frequency of day and night asthma four and eight weeks after treatment,and accumulated inhalation dose of glucocorticoid and quick-acting β2 receptor stimulating agent with three months in observation group were obviously lower than that in control group,and the overall response rate in observation group was still higher than that in control group.Conclusion Montelukast sodium has remarkable effect in pediatric asthma.It can reduce the frequency of acute attacking,improve clinical symptoms, decrease the usage of glucocorticoid and quick-acting β2 receptor stimulating agent with few adverse reactions and high security.It's worth of reasonable clinical popularization.


(57) Abstract: The present invention comprises a coated with a microwave active material effective amount dry foam sodium silicate board, there is provided a foamed silicate microwave susceptor. Silicates are preferred if sodium silicate, may be other suitable alkali metal silicate, also active ingredient is preferably graphite, it may also be used other active ingredients. The susceptor of the present invention can rapidly reach very high temperatures, also increased by Importantly, it may still be possible to maintain the pole high temperature. This makes it possible to finish the crisp food or with a Aseme also to the food in a microwave oven.


Although aspirin plays a very important role in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease,aspirin resistance limits its clinical benefits.This phenomenon draws increasing attention of the medical community in China and the world.This article particularly explains the aspirin resistance on its definition,class,detecting method,possible mechanisms,clinical significance,and future expectation,which is useful for reference to clinical practitioners of cardiovascular disease.


Irrigation and physiology of mature coffee blooming in the Zona da Mata region (Vicosa) - state of Minas Gerais - Brazil. Coffee culture is a very important activity for Brazilian economy, contributing significantly for the country budget. The irrigated coffee agriculture occupies a significant area in this scenario, which gives importance to any research whose results may increase quality and yield. This experiment was carried out at Laje farm, located in Vicosa, State of Minas Gerais, from September 1999 to May 2001, in a drip irrigated coffee field of 8 years, with 3.330 plants per hectare, as a part of the Coffee Development and Research National Program. Water deficit influence was also evaluated. Plant blooming was not affected by the water deficit, even for day-before leaf water potentials of -0.8, -1.2 and -1.9 MPa, after 30, 63 and 90 days without irrigation, respectively. At the local soil and climate conditions, plant blooming occurred due to temperature drop after rain, independently of the leaf water potential.


Migration is a process of social change whereby an individual, alone or with others, moves from one cultural setting to another for the purposes of settling either permanently or for a prolonged period [1]. Migration has become a topic of intense and unresolved debate worldwide [2]. The relationship between migrant status and mental health is complex and the psychiatric well-being of a migrant group is determined by a range of factors including the characteristics of the migration, the new community and resettlement [2, 3]. Migration has been shown to result in increase of several kinds of psychiatric disorders in adults and youths including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and autism [4–8]. Studies in Turkish adolescents who migrated to foreign countries showed high rates of psychiatric morbidity [6, 9]. On the other hand there are studies in children showing that migration history alone does not contribute to problem behaviour or morbidity [10, 11]. Migration is one of Turkey's most important problems [12]. About 50,000 to 60,000 people per year are estimated to migrate to Adana (a southern city of Turkey) from the eastern region of Turkey. Adana is the nearest metropolitan city to the east and south-east regions of Turkey and the second most popular city for migrants inside Turkey [12]. However, to date there have been no studies evaluating the psychological well-being of these migrant children in Turkey. This study aimed to assess emotional (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and behavioural problems in children, whose families had migrated to Adana. We also aimed to assess the effect of sociodemographic and migration factors on children in regard to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, school success and compliance. Objectives: To assess emotional (depression, anxiety and self-esteem) and behavioural problems in migrant children and to compare them with non-migrant children. Methods: 526 students (60% boys, 40% girls) aged 11.23 ± 1.05, at five schools in Adana, Turkey in areas with a high migrant population were included in this study. 182 children (35%) were migrants and 344 children (65%) were non-migrants. The Depression Inventory for Children (CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) were administered to the pupils at their school and Rutter's Teachers Rating Scale (RTRS) was administered to their teachers. Sociodemographic variables were recorded on the basis of school records and the children's report. Results: In the migrant group, fathers were less educated and had more employment problems, homes were rented and the children were unsuccessful at school. Migrant children had significantly lower self-esteem with higher depression and anxiety. Behavioural symptoms on RTRS were not significant with regard to migration. No significant correlation was found between psychometric tests and father's education, duration of residence after migration or room density. Conclusions: We found significant emotional but no behavioural problems in Turkish migrant children compared to Turkish non-migrant children. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the long-term course of the various types of distress and the individual prognosis of migrant adjustment.


According to the psactical needs in offshore-oilfield development and the reservoir heterogeneity,petrophysics and fluid property in NB 35-2 field,the gelation,flow ability and viscosity-elasticity are measured for the chromium-organic cross-linked polymer solution by laboratory methods,and its effects of blocking and oil displacement are evaluated.The results indicated that the chromium-organic cross-linked polymer solution can form an "intra-molecular" cross-linked system under the geologic conditions in NB 35-2 oilfield,increasing the flow resistance and the injection pressure after injected into the reservoir.There are several parameters that can affect the blocking and oil displacement of the polymer solution,including injection time,injection amount and concentration of the polymer solution,oil viscosity,the physical model and so on.


The intense complexity of interfaces in a construction project makes information technology (IT) applications a must for effective interface management (IM). This largely requires a unified, accurate, and efficient way of modeling interface information. Conventionally, interfaces are simply modeled as dependencies/relationships between project entities; various interface information is loosely presented in different ways, which reduces the accuracy and completeness of interface information as well as the efficiency in information exchange and application. This paper introduces an object view of interfaces and its inherent interface object modeling technique, and then presents an interface object model (IOM) framework. The IOM is the first in the literature that aims to systematically define the data structure and dependencies of interface information for modeling. It is at the core of a conceptually proposed systematic model-based IM strategy. When fully developed, the IOM can be used to accurately model ...


Fibrocystic osteitis is a rare but severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) complication. We describe a 66-year-old female presented with fi brocystic osteitis and nephrocalcinosis with eGFR reduction to CKD stage 4 due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Delayed diagnosis of long-term hypercalcemia, high parathyroid hormone level, unsubstituted 25(OH)D defi ciency, and the use of bisphosphonates in high doses caused development of «hungry bones» syndrome in early postoperative period. Severe hypocalcemia required prescription of active and native vitamin D metabolites, oral calcium supplements as well as intravenous calcium. Delay in diagnosis of PHPT with fi brocystic osteitis formation led to lower well-being, reduced quality of life and also provoked sever postoperative hypocalcemia («hungry bone» syndrome).


In this paper, a systematic review is made on our research related to photonics-assisted compressive sampling (CS) systems including principle, structure and applications. We demonstrate their utility in wideband spectrum sensing and high throughput flow cytometry. Photonics-assisted CS systems not only can significantly reduce the data acquisition rate but also can achieve a large operational bandwidth (several GHz or even a few tens of GHz), which is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional electric CS systems. Single-channel and multi-channel photonicsassisted CS systems are presented in this paper and demonstrated to enable accurate reconstruction of frequency-sparse signals from only a few percent of the measurements required for Nyquist sampling. On the other hand, we also implement time-stretch-based single-pixel imaging systems with high frame rates, three orders of magnitude faster than conventional single-pixel cameras. To show their utility in biomedical applications, a real-time high-throughput imaging flow cytometer is demonstrated. In general, photonics-assisted CS systems show great potential in both wideband spectrum sensing and biomedical imaging applications.


Abstract
A field study was conducted at Grdarasha Research Station of the College of Agriculture/ Salahaddin University– Erbil, during the growing season of 2017, to study the effect of sowing date on some growth parameters and yield of chickpea. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates was used, sowing dates ( January 20, February 9, March 1, and March 21 ), and two cultivars of chickpea (Rafidain and Gab) were implemented. Sowing at January, 20 produced the highest plant height (43.0 cm), leaf area (797.83 cm2), leaf area index (2.66), dry matter (38.06 g m-2), crop growth rate (7.90 g m-2 day-1), number of primary branches plant-1 (3.55), number of pod plant-1 (21.60) and seed yield (2.160 t ha-1). On the contrary sowing at March, 21 recorded the lowest of all above studied characteristics, also Gab cultivar surpassed the Rafidain cultivar in all characteristics studied except no. of seeds plant-1 and 100-seed weight. From interaction sowing date with cultivars recorded the highest of all characteristics studied at sowing date January, 20 with Gab cultivars as well as Rafidain cultivar recorded the lowest of all studied characteristics at sowing date March, 21. There was positive highly significant correlation(r= 0.869) between seed yield and their components; no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1 and 100- seed weight (r= 0.869, r= 0,810 and r= 0.706) respectively.


Use of synthetic insecticides for the management of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) for a longer period will led to development of insecticide resistance. Identification of an eco-friendly synergistic agent to enhance the toxicity potential and reduced pesticide use as well become mandatory in due process. Hence the present study was formulated to find the single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against the 2nd and 3rd larval instars of S. frugiperda. Single toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 0.87 and 1.52 ppm (LC25); 4.08 and 6.50 ppm (LC50), respectively. With respect to Bt, single toxicity against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 474.39 and 693.48 ppm (LC25); 1008.62 and 1228.62 ppm (LC50), respectively. Combination effect of chlorantraniliprole with Bt revealed that 2nd instar of FAW showed supplemental synergism at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt. In the case of LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt, LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt and LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt combinations, they showed sub additive synergism. In 3rd instar larvae, the combined toxicity results were similar for all the combinations of chlorantraniliprole + Bt except LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt where it showed an antagonistic synergism. Activity of Carboxyl Esterase (CarE), Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were found to be lesser in chlorantraniliprole LC50 + Bt LC25 combinations than single toxicity treatments. Therefore, combined use of chlorantraniliprole with Bt at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt had supplemental synergism on fall armyworm under laboratory condition.


This paper presents a low power, high gain, low area low pass filter design. The pre-processing block in this filter is the two-stage operational amplifier which is designed using the DTMOSFETS. This filter is operated at very low supply voltages of +0.2V.The PMOS input differential pairs are used to enhance the driving capability of the op-amp. input stage of the op-amp is the differential amplifier in which the inputs are provided to the two PMOS transistors. The second stage is the gain stage in which common source amplifier is used. The design parameter values are determined which optimize an objective feature satisfying specifications or constraints. The low pass filter is designed with a cut-off frequency of 100-HZ and a resistance of 10ohms, which occupies more layout area. In order to reduce the layout area the low pass filter is designed using the switched capacitor. The circuit is implemented with a supply voltage of 0.4V in 0.9-um technology, with a power consumption of 300nW and the simulations are performed using HSPICE simulator and layouts are designed using CUSTOM DESIGNER tool.


A retrospective study of 241 clinical cases, utilising over 1,800 functional electrical stimulation (FES) treatments to alleviate epaxial muscle spasms, showed that almost 80% (191) of the horses had a 1-grade improvement in muscle spasms after 2 FES treatments, based on the Modified Ashworth Scale adapted to horses. In addition, 60% (142) of these horses showed a sustained improvement for a minimum of 2 months.


The author aims at revealing the sociological aspect of medicine. The latter includes two groups of problems: 1) the place and importance of medicine in social life, the structure of social phenomena of medicine, etc.; 2) the specificity of professional medical activity, interrelation of organization, professionalization and institutionalization in medicine, the value-normative system of medical activity, etc.
 The author argues against the conceptions that reduce the sociological problems of medicine to the problems of social hygiene or consider these as the general object of medicine of sociology. In the author's view in investigating the social aspects of human health and disease, one deals with the medical point of view on social reality. The investigation of medicine as of a definite social phenomenon belongs to sociology.


Objective: To asses the migration of low-lying placenta under routine antenatal ultra sound at 20 weeks of gestation are subjected to transvaginal ultra sound for the diagnosis of placenta previa during third trimester and evaluate the factors affecting placental migration,its management based on placental localization. Methods: in this prospective study all the cases of low-lying placenta (lower margin of placenta within 3cms from the internal os) detected on routein ultra sound at 18-22 weeks of gestation were selected and follow-up on serial transvagial sonography predicting the placental migration during 3 rd Trimester for conformation and typing of placenta previa 2 weekly TVS was performed until migration of lower edge to a distance of more than 3cm from internal osand planning management of placenta previa. The study was included women with prior C-section. Results: In the prospective study total 800 cases were taken in a year period,400 were post caesareab pregency and 400 cases pregency following normal vaginal delivery.In the present study 78 cases of lowlying placenta were identified in the routine transabdominal scan at18-22 weeks of gestation were takenup to analyse the placental migration orpersistence as placentaprevia at term, was confirmed by transvaginal sonography which is the gold standered for the diagnosis of placental pathology. The prevalance of low lying placenta was 78(9.75%) in the midtrimester period of pregnancy, of which 47(60.25%)had migrated at term and 31(39.74%) cases persist as placentaprevia. In this present study 35 cases (44.5%) belongs to 25 to30 years of age. The total low lying placenta was identified in 78 cases in mid trimester and 41 cases 52.56% after pervious vaginal delivery of which 34 cases (82.9%) were migrated at term the remaining 37 cases (47.43% identified in previous caesarean pregency in which 13 (35.13%) cases migrated at term.Placental migration was 39.28% where the edge of placenta was 1.5-2cm distance from internal os and 87.80% when the distance was2-3cms.No migration inwhich1.5cms of distance of placenta from internal os.Placental migration in previous vaginal delivery was82.92%was more in relation to previous caesarion section. The P' value in the present study of placental migration among PCD & PVD is 0.029 is significant.Placental migration in 46 anterior placed placenta was71.73%and43(75%) in posteriorly situated placenta. Conclusion: Placenta migration is more significant when placenta is located 2-3 from internal os is (87.80%). Its P value is 0.008 is significant. Placenta migration in related to position of placenta, 46 cases were diagnosed as anterior placenta previa at mid trimister in which 33 (71.73%) cases were migrated at term. In 32 cases of posterior Placenta of previa in mid trimester (43.75%) 14 cases migrated at term. It shows placental migration is more in anterior placental of previa than posterior placenta previa. In this study complications in placenta of previa, (87%) presented with APH and 45% had preterm delivery, (45.1%) at premature babies, (38.6%) were NICU admissions.


An alternative connectionist paradigm is proposed which sits between the models of the traditional connectionist level and the neural level. The models are termed BRNNMs (biologically realistic neural network models) and are distinguished from previous models by being functionally true to modern neurophysical details. Details of a theoretical framework for the development of the proposed BRNNMs are described to realize a computer implementation. The results of the computer simulation both confirmed the temporal processing ability of these models and demonstrated biologically realistic behavior. Prospects for future work in this area are discussed.<<ETX>>


Abstract : Numerous complex real-world applications are either theoretically intractable or unable to be solved in a practical amount of time. Researchers and practitioners are forced to implement heuristics in solving such problems that can lead to highly sub-optimal solutions. Our research focuses on inserting a human in-the-loop of the decision-making or problem solving process in order to generate solutions in a timely manner that improve upon those that are generated either solely by a human or solely by a computer. We refer to this as Human-Machine Collaborative Decision-Making (HMCDM). The typical design process for developing human-machine approaches either starts with a human approach and augments it with decision-support or starts with an automated approach and augments it with operator input. We provide an alternative design process by presenting an HMCDM methodology that addresses collaboration from the outset of the design of the decisionmaking approach. We apply this design process to a complex military resource allocation and planning problem which selects, sequences, and schedules teams of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to perform sensing (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance -ISR) and strike activities against enemy targets. Specifically, we examined varying degrees of human-machine collaboration in the creation of variables in the solution of this problem. We also introduce an HMCDM method that combines traditional goal decomposition with a model formulation into an Iterative Composite Variable Approach for solving large-scale optimization problems. Finally, we show through experimentation the potential for improvement in the quality and speed of solutions that can be achieved through the use of an HMCDM approach.


It is described herein it is a kind of be used for user and during spatial interaction, the earphone of audio-frequency information is for example presented to user when user navigates on route in space.Earphone can include being used to receive the set of the input mechanism of order from user.Order transfers to call the additional space to be performed by spatial interaction (SI) module to interact relevant function.Earphone can be operated in the case of with or without discrete user calculating equipment.


Purpose: HIV-related fatigue (HRF) is multi-causal and potentially related to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by antiretroviral therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Methodology: We compared gene expression profiles of CD14 + cells of low versus high fatigued, NRTI-treated HIV patients to healthy controls (n=5 each). We identified 32 genes predictive of low versus high fatigue, and 33 genes predictive of healthy versus HIV infection. We constructed genetic networks to further elucidate the possible biological pathways in which these genes are involved. Relevance for nursing practice: Genes including the actin cytoskeletal regulatory proteins prokineticin 2 and cofilin 2 along with mitochondrial inner membrane proteins are involved in multiple pathways and were predictors of fatigue status. Previously identified inflammatory and signaling genes were predictive of HIV status, clearly confirming our results and suggesting a possible further connection between mitochondrial function and HIV. Isolated CD14 + cells could be easily accessible cells to further study the connection between fatigue and mitochondrial function of HIV patients. Implication for Practice: The findings from this pilot study take us one step closer to identifying biomarker targets for fatigue status and mitochondrial dysfunction. Specific biomarkers will be pertinent to the development of testing methodologies to diagnosis, monitor and treat fatigue and mitochondrial dysfunction. Page 2 HIV-related fatigue (HRF) is the most prevalent symptom and between 80-100% of persons living with HIV disease complaint of ongoing lack of energy and exhaustion that lasts longer than four weeks (Cupler et al., 1995; Davis, 2004). HRF has been associated with deteriorating physical and mental health, quality of life and is predictive of diminished physical function (Ferrando et al., 1998). Hallmarked by chronic lack of energy and weakness, HRF is known to contribute to loss of social function, lower quality of work, increased absenteeism, and, ultimately, loss of employment and decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (HIV) infection and treatment with antiretroviral nucleoside analogues (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or NRTIs) affect mitochondrial DNA content and function (Brinkman, ter Hofstede, Burger, Smeitink, & Koopmans, 1998). A number of important clinical syndromes observed in HIV-infected persons relate to mitochondrial dysfunction, including lactic acidosis, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and possibly lipodystrophy (Brinkman, et al., 1998; Lewis & Dalakas, 1995). HRF could be one of the results of mitochondrial dysfunction but this link has not been clearly established yet. Multiple subjective measures with established reliability and validity exist for the evaluation of HRF, attempts to …


A method of simultaneous observation of several physiological functions was developed in the unanaesthetized rabbit. Arterial blood pressure, local brain circulation, internal body temperature and arterial blodd acido-basic balance were thus followed before, during and after $gamma$-irradiation. There appeared two periods in the development of this early syndrome: they were related to two processes, a central one, mainly of sympathetic origin was hardly sensitive to the dose, the other is dose-dependent. (FR)


On Christmas Day 2009, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a twentythreeyearold Nigerian man, arrived from Ghana into Amsterdam's Schiphol airport where he boarded Northwest Airlines Flight 253 to Detroit. As the airplane approached its destination, Abdulmutallab disappeared for twenty minutes into the lavatory. Back in his seat, he started fumbling around with his underwear. Neighboring passengers saw his trousers on fire and Jasper Schuringa, a Dutch film director, jumped on Abdulmutallab and subdued him, while flight attendants rushed to the scene with a fire extinguisher. The explosive device he had hidden in his pants failed to detonate and Abdulmutallab was arrested. Authorities discovered that he had been in contact with AlQaida elements in Yemen. Just a year earlier Abdulmutallab had received a degree in mechanical engineering from University College London.1 Two months before Abdulmutallab's attempt, on 13 October 2009, Mohamed Game, a thirtysevenyearold Libyan living in Italy, blew himself up with two kilos of nitrate at the entrance of the Caserma Santa Barbara, an army barracks in Milan. This was the first and thus far only suicide attack attempted in Italy, and Game might have been a "lone wolf" operator, at most a member of a small local network. Game— who lost his right hand in the attack and is now serving a fourteenyear sentence— has a degree in electronic engineering. Exactly three months before Game's failed attack, on 13 July 2009, a German court sentenced fortysevenyearold German Pakistani Aleem Nasir to eight years in prison for his role as an AlQaida facilitator in Europe. Nasir had been traveling regularly to the tribal areas in Pakistan, supposedly to trade in semiprecious stones but apparently to transfer money to, and coordinate European recruitment for, Islamist militant groups. Nasir is said to have been enlisting a number of German Muslims for jihad, among them German Moroccan Bekkay Harrach, who would become infamous— also in 2009— for his videotaped threats of jihad against the German government, apparently recorded in a hideout in Pakistan. Nasir holds a degree in mechanical engineering while Harrach had


PURPOSE: To convert a silica precursor coating into a ceramic silica coating at low temperatures. CONSTITUTION: This process comprises coating the substrate with a silica precursor, exposing the coating to an environment comprising ammonium hydroxide and/or wet ammonia vapor and applying heat sufficient to form a ceramic coating to the coating. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation (HEPC) has been making efforts to reduce multiple-vehicle accidents by installing abnormal incident detecting equipment at points frequented by accidents. However, traffic accidents may occur at other than such accident-prone points. So, the HEPC collected data at 30-second intervals from its existing ultrasonic vehicle detectors for traffic data measurement and verified three different algorithms for accident detection. As a result, the HEPC was able to make clear the characteristics of traffic flow when an accident has occurred, based on which it has succeeded in building a foundation for a new function to detect accidents on the through lanes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


This paper presents the design and applications of an improved complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) sensor for nondestructive testing of dielectric samples in the S-band (2–4 GHz). Two sensors are presented here, first sensor is designed by loading the microstrip line with a single CSRR unit cell and the second sensor is designed by loading the line with a pair of identical CSRRs unit cell. The later shows the higher sensitivity towards the loss tangent of the material under test and hence appears to be more appropriate for the characterization of low loss dielectric samples and small impurity detection. Numerical models are developed for both the sensors to calculate the complex permittivity of sample. The sensors are designed and numerically tested using a 3-D full wave electromagnetic simulator, the Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST-MWS). The determined complex permittivity results of various reference samples from both the sensors show good agreement with reference data and the results also illustrate that the microstrip line sensor loaded with double CSRRs unit cell is more sensitive and accurate than the microstrip line sensor loaded with single CSRR unit cell.