Compared to the indigenous Dutch population, HIV prevalence is rather high among migrant and ethnic minority communities. Even though migrants are increasingly being recognised as an important group in HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, little is known about how they live their daily lives. Facing HIV in the Netherlands. Lived experiences of migrants living with HIV aims to bridge that gap. It presents the stories of fifteen HIV-positive people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds living in the Netherlands. The stories are from women and men, homosexuals and heterosexuals, who are living with or without a residence permit in the Netherlands.
Their stories not only bring to the fore the medical aspects of HIV, but more importantly, unveil their socio-economic context and highlight the legal aspects related to living with HIV. Additionally, attention is paid to the intimate lives and sexual health of migrants with HIV.
This book is not only aimed at policy makers, health staff and other professionals, but also at migrants who would like to learn more about living with HIV. By presenting and analysing the stories of migrants living with HIV in the Netherlands, this book draws attention to the problems and challenges faced by these people and highlights the assistance they need.


Out of many types of chronic diseases in the world, bronchial asthma is one of the most common, affecting young and old. Though no absolute cure has been discovered till date but a number of pharmaceutical interventions have been used to control it. Yogic exercises have be used to control asthma since long. The present study was an attempt to include yogic exercises into treatment modalities of asthmatic patients. 71 patients of bronchial asthma taken and randomised into 2 groups, Yoga Group And Control Group. Yoga Group Contained 37 Subjects Who Performed Yoga Along With Drug Intake And Control Group contained 34 subjects who underwent only therapeutic manoeuvre. The Asthma Symptom Score, Acute Exacerbation, Grade of Dyspnoea and Drug use were compared in both groups at baseline and at the end of the study after 4 months. The parameters were compared using various statistical analyses. After 4 months, YOGA GROUP subject showed a significant reduction in symptoms and reduction in drug use in comparison to Control Group. Thus we conclude that the Yoga breathing exercises used along with standard drug significantly reduces the symptoms and drug use in patients with bronchial asthma.


In spite of encouraging progress in recent years, the development of magnetic nanoparticles that can be used as drug delivery vectors remains a significant challenge for materials scientists. Among the multiple hurdles that must be overcome are the provision of a sufficiently high magnetic response, a high loading capacity for therapeutic or diagnosis materials and a sufficient degree of biocompatibility. In this work we describe the preparation of encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles consisting of a metallic iron core and an amorphous silica shell by using a modification of the arc-discharge method. This is a simple and inexpensive way to produce well-coated iron nanoparticles. The particles thus obtained present a much stronger magnetic response than any composite material produced up to now involving magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in inorganic matrices, and the rich chemistry and easy functionalization of the silica outer surface make them promising materials for their application as magnetic carriers.


Induced Insulin Resistance Lidong Zhai, Scott W. Ballinger, and Joseph L. Messina Acute insulin resistance is common after injury, infection, and critical illness. To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critical illness diabetes, we measured hepatic ROS, which rapidly increased in mouse liver. Overexpression of SOD2, which decreased mitochondrial ROS levels, protected mice from the development of acute hepatic insulin resistance. Insulin-induced intracellular signaling was dramatically decreased, and cellular stress signaling was rapidly increased after injury, resulting in the hyperglycemia of critical illness diabetes. Insulin-induced intracellular signaling, activation of stress (JNK) signaling, and glucose metabolism were all normalized by SOD2 overexpression or by pretreatment with antioxidants. Thus, ROS play an important role in the development of acute hepatic insulin resistance and activation of stress signaling after injury. This article appears in Molecular Endocrinology, published January 14, 2011, 10.1210/me.2010-0224


The invention relates to a device (200) for fiberizing thermoplastic materials such as glass, comprising: a spinner (101) having a peripheral annular band (103) pierced with a plurality of orifices (105); and a cooled annular inductor assembly (201) coaxial to said strip (103) adapted to develop currents induced in said band (103), this assembly incorporating a blowing ring (205) coaxial to said strip (103), adapted to generating a gas stream (207) around the outer periphery of said band (103), wherein the entire surface of said assembly (201) facing said web (103) is an electrically conductive material and contributes to the development of induced currents in said strip (103) when the entire inductor is supplied.


A person's physical and mental well-being or ill-being is an outcome of multi-level (individual, household, neighborhood, local, national, and global) social, economic, environmental and political milieus under which the person is living. The present study is primarily in search of finding the non-income determinants of farmwomen's health in rural areas of district Bahawalnagar (Punjab-Pakistan). SRH is used to gauge the state of respondents' health. The study reveals that farmwomen's health determinants are particular to them and their families. The study concludes that marriages at early age may result in serious health concerns for a farmwoman. More participation in activities relating to livestock management may increase a rural woman's work burden that may ultimately result in poor health status. The study also reveals that greater the number of pregnancies, higher the chances to have poor health status of that working woman. Living under joint family system, increases a woman's likelihood to have good health status. Husband's higher education status is found to be associating with wife's good health status. Availability of labor-saving home appliances may save efforts and energies of domestic women and are found to be increasing the likelihood to have good health. The study suggests that at household level, a farmwoman's health concerns could be minimized by lowering her productive and reproductive work burdens. In reducing her burden relating to productive work, the use of labor or effort saving ways of working through the use of technology is imperative. While a woman's reproductive work burden could be reduced through discouraging early and excessive child bearing. A woman's level of education and that of her spouse may positively contribute not only for her own health but for the good health of a farm family.


Statistical analysis performed on two types of fibres shows that fibres exposed to 193 nm irradiation exhibit minimal tensile strength reduction compared to fibres exposed to 248 nm irradiation. This has important implications for the application of photoinduced fibre gratings as strain sensors.


In order to meet the need of the teaching characteristics of higher vocational college students, taking our agricultural product quality testing professional course as an example, the reform exploration using task oriented teaching mode of teaching in Agricultural Products Detection Technologycourse was studied. According to the detection of agricultural products standard select teaching content, supporting the development of school-based teaching materials, adopting various teaching methods, using multiple evaluation mechanism, and after repeated practice and exploration, the current Agricultural Products Detection Technology course teaching achieved good results.


A series of twenty ethylene oxide and propylene oxide addition polymers of ursolic acid and some of its derivatives have been made and characterized. In addition, an ethylene oxide and propylene oxide polymer of cholic acid and ethylene oxide polymers of vitamin A, vitamin D 2 , vitamin E, cortisone, estradiol, and testosterone are reported. Attempts to prepare steroidal polymers with highly branched or crosslinked side chains by using glycidol and epichlorhydrin were unsuccessful. The most acceptable structures as determined from molecular weight and solubility data were determined. Percentage polyalkylene oxide content, solubilities, and molecular weight or chain length distributions are presented.


Commentary on : Peltola M, Isotalus P, Astedt-Kurki P,  et al . Patients' interpersonal communication experiences in the context of type 2 diabetes care. Qual Health Res 2018;28:1267–82.

The shift in nature and pattern of disease that has resulted from increased life span and lifestyle changes has led to patient empowerment as a paradigm shift from the traditional approach to long-term condition management.1 Although it is acknowledged that relational communication forms an integral part of this therapeutic relationship, there is paucity of research studies on this phenomenon.2

The purpose of the study2 was to explore the negative and …


A recent study discovered that consumption of green tea decreased urinary H2O2 levels, while coffee increased the H2O2 content. As both beverages did not contain the same content of H2O2, valid comparisons could not be made. This study was carried out to observe the effects on urinary H2O2 by using green tea and coffee containing the same amount of hydrogen peroxide, within the range of 42-44 μM. This was demonstrated using the ferrous ion oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) and Amplex red assay. Theoretically two solutions with the same H2O2 content might be expected to produce similar results, but tea and coffee still elevated and reduced levels of H2O2 in urine respectively. Addition of milk into coffee also reduced urinary H2O2. We conclude that tea, coffee and milk contain certain compounds that, upon excretion in urine, work synergistically or antagonistically to eliminate or scavenge urinary H2O2. Thus these beverages illustrate a complex and intricate mixture of antiand pro-oxidant abilities.


The catalytic transformation of petroleum-derived asphaltene with Co loaded smectite and CoMo loaded alumina based catalysts was studied in the range from 40 to 420°C using proton magnetic resonance thermal anal. (PMRTA). Residual hydrogen as a qual. measure of the hydrogen remaining in the sample and second moment (M2T16), which is sensitive to mol. mobility, were obtained as a function of temp. Both residual hydrogen and M2T16 of the asphaltene were dependent on the properties of the coexisting catalyst. Metal oxides in the Co porous saponite and CoMo alumina based catalysts, which are active for the transformation of asphaltene, were probably reduced to the metals and became ferromagnetic at about 350°C, because the M2T40 values of the char derived from the asphaltene with the active catalysts after cooling to room temp. were over 250 kHz2, compared to typical values of 150 kHz2 for chars without ferromagnetic material. Hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking with the catalysts were correlated with the values of M2T16 at 400°C. Moderate interaction of the metal oxide with the support material resulted in an intermediate redn. state with high HDS activity. The PMRTA method with 1H as a probe of the state of hydrocarbons such as asphaltene provides useful information about the catalyst activity and is helpful for the design and prepn. of the catalyst.


Conclusive evidence in favor of neoadjuvant therapy for those with non‐metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit of neoadjuvant therapy vs upfront surgery for patients with non‐metastatic PDAC.


Hexavalent Chromium is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and groundwater. In order to stimulate microbially-mediated reduction of Cr(VI), a poly-lactate compound (HRC) was injected into the Chromium-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford (WA) 100H site in 2004. Cr(VI) concentrations rapidly declined to below the detection limit and remained so for more than three years after injection. Based on the results of the bacterial community composition using high-density DNA 16S rRNA gene microarrays, we observed the community to transition through denitrifying, ironreducing and sulfate-reducing populations. As a result, we specifically focused isolation efforts on three bacterial species that were significant components of the community. Positive enrichments in defined anaerobic media resulted in the isolation of an iron-reducing Geobacter metallireducens-like isolate, a sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vukgaris-like strain and a nitrate-reducing Pseudomonas stutzeri-like isolate among several others. All of these isolates were capable of reducing Cr(VI) anoxically and have been submitted for genome sequencing to JGI. To further characterize the microbial, and geochemical mechanisms associated with in situ Cr(VI) reduction at the site, additional HRC was injected in 2008. The goal was to restimulate the indigenous microbial community and to regenerate the reducing conditions necessary for continued Cr(VI) bio-immobilization in the groundwater. Analysismore » of the microbial populations post-injection revealed that they recovered to a similar density as after the first injection in 2004. In this study, we present the results from our investigation into microbially-mediated Cr(VI) reduction at Hanford, and a comparison of the microbial community development following two HRC injections four years apart.« less


On a bright Autumn evening in September 2018, an audience gathered for a staging of Lady Mary Wroth's play Love's Victory at Penshurst Place in Kent. In 2014, Shakespeare's Globe "Read not Dead" program had presented a reading of the play there, but this was the first modern professional performance. The Arts and Humanities Research Council funded the project to revive the play as part of Lancaster University's Shakespeare and his Sisters project, which Professor Alison Findlay has been running for two years. The play exists in only two holographic copies, an incomplete Huntington manuscript and a Penshurst version on which the evening's performance was based. Penshurst was the home of Lady Mary Wroth (1587–1651/3), whose prose romance The Countess of Montgomery's Urania of 1621, along with her sonnet sequence Pamphilia to Amphilanthus, are better known than this pastoral tragicomedy, written between 1617 and 1619. She came from an exceptionally talented family of writers, which included her aunt, Mary Sidney Herbert, the Countess of Pembroke (1561–1621) and her uncle, Sir Philip Sidney (1554–86), whose Arcadia resonates in Wroth's play and whose pastoral persona as Philisides may be referenced through Wroth's character, the shepherd Philisses. Wroth was prominent in the court circle of Queen Anne, and her name appears among the participants of masques such as The Masque of Blackness (1605) and The Masque of Beauty (1608), so it is interesting to speculate whether she took part in her own play if it was ever privately performed at Penshurst. The structure reflects traditions of courtly masque entertainments in which aristocratic men and women participated. Professor Findlay suggests it may have brought Wroth together with her cousin William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke


Due to high potency and specificity of their activities, protein drugs are rapidly gaining clinical use. ExaJnples of clinically exploited proteins include anticoagulants and fibrinolytic plasminogen activators (Harker et ai., 1997; Wieland et aL, 2003)., interferons and cytokines (Burke, 1999; Younes and Amsden, 2002; Banles\ 2003), proteases and their inhibitors, such as serpins (Schimmoller et at., 2002; Rosenblum and Kozarich, 2003; Barnes and Hansel, 2004), growth factors and hormones (Brenler et al., 1997; Rosier el a/., 1998; Chen and Mooney, 2003; Peppas et aI., 2004), enzylnes (e.g. for replacement therapies) (Layer et al., 2001; Meikle and Hopwood, 2003; Mignani and Cagnoli, 2004), as well as an extensive and rapidly growing list of antibodies, antibody fragtnents and their conjugates with toxins and other biologically active agents (Fosler, 1996; Muzykantov, 200 I; Thorpe, 2004). The rate of FDA approvals of proteins for therapeutic applications has accelerated with exponential speed in the past decade. Large-scale synthesis of a great variety of recombinant therapeutic proteins hac; beconle available in recent years. Nevertheless, protein drugs are typically expensive (e.g. the cost of a recoillbinant plasminogen activator for fibrinolytic therapy is -US$l 000). Therefore, both economic and biological reasons (e.g. ilnlTIUne


oVErVIEW of ETHaNoL UsEs aNd ProdUCTIoN Ethanol is also referred to as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. According to BBI International (2003), ethanol's primary uses in the U.S. are: as an octane extender for gasoline; as a clean-air gasoline additive in the form of an oxygenate; as a product to foster rural economic development; and as a domestic fuel source to aid in the reduction of U.S. dependence on imported oil. Ethanol blended fuels currently represent more than 12% of U.S. motor gasoline sales, and ethanol blends of up to 10% are approved under the warranties of all the major automobiles sold in the U.S.


xii CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.0 Background information 1 1.1 Postnatal services in Zambia 5 1.2 Statement of the problem 7 1.3 Factors contributing and/or influencing problem 8 1.3.1 Service related factors 8 1.3.2 Personal related factors 9 1.3.3 Socio-Economic factors 9 1.3.4 Cultural and Religious beliefs 10 1.4 Problem analysis diagram 11 1.5 Theoretical / conceptual framework 12 1.5.1 Health belief model 12 1.5.2 Diagram of theoretical frame work 13 1.5.3 Description of the predicted relationships 13 1.6 Justification of the study 14 1.7 Research objectives 15 1.7.1 General objective 15 1.7.2 Specific objectives 15 1.8 Hypotheses 15 1.9 Conceptual definitions 16 1.10 variables and cut off points 17 CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 2.


Okadaic acid (OA, 1) and its analogues—dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1, 2) and -2 (DTX-2, 3)—accumulated in mussels feeding on certain marine algae species, are causative agents of "diarrhetic shellfish poisoning" throughout the world. Okadaic acid and naturally occurring biosynthetic variants have demonstrated both potent protein serine-threonine phosphatase (PPase) inhibitory activities and apoptosisinducing activities among numerous cancerous cell lines. Circumstantially, these activities appear to be causally related. Thus, elucidating the structural basis of selective and potent OA-type PPase inhibition may underlie the discovery of novel anticancer leads. Herein, we disclose the first total synthesis of 3 and its nonnatural analogue 2-epi-3, and their PPase inhibitory activities.


A new approach for displacement sensing based on chirp effect of fiber Bragg grating under strain gradient is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The theoretical analysis and the experimental fitting curve are given. The researches indicate that the system has advantages of simple configuration, good noise immunity, and good linearity (about 0.9992).


Within the context of history, colonialism, and its impact on the intellectual and cultural traditions in India, of which sociology and other social sciences are at a certain level of manifestations, provides an important historical backdrop for its theoretic, ideological and professional evaluation.Major theoretic orientations in Indian society have shown varying degrees of ups and downs during the last century. The analysis is not possible without a framework of sociology of knowledge within the context of history.


Upon reexamining the electron beam radio frequency (RF)-field interaction of the monotron, which is the simplest transit-time microwave tube, it is found that a 20% maximum conversion efficiency can be attained at weakly relativistic beam energies (/spl sim/200 keV). It is shown that the conversion efficiency can be cast as a function of three parameters, namely, injection beam energy, resonant frequency, and electric field strength. From this fact, a design procedure of how the optimum operating parameters should be selected is presented. In support of the analytic study, 2.5-D particle-in-cell simulation of a transverse magnetic (TM)/sub 020/, 6.7 GHz axial monotron operating at 10 keV, 70 A beam parameters has given a tube efficiency of 15.4%, while one-dimensional (1-D) analysis assuming a strictly monoenergetic beam has predicted a maximum theoretical efficiency of 18.5% at a beam energy of 10 keV.


The invention provides a BOA-type liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method thereof. The BOA-type liquid crystal display panel adopts the structure that a TFT (T) is arranged, and the whole TFT (T) is positioned on a first black matrix (12); furthermore, a second black matrix (17) is arranged between the TFT (T) and a passivation layer (18); the second black matrix (17) and the first black matrix (12) completely surround the TFT (T), so as to keep out light, emitted by a backlight module below an array substrate (1), entering an active layer (14), as well as reflection rays, emitted from the side surface of the array substrate and a part above the array substrate, entering the active layer (14); the condition that light shines on the active layer of the TFT is prevented better, photogenerated leakage current is avoided, the stable performance of a TFT device is ensured, and the display quality of a picture is improved. The manufacturing method for the BOA-type liquid crystal display panel has the advantages that on one hand, the problem of photogenerated leakage current, which is generated by the fact that backlight shines on the active layer of the TFT, can be solved effectively, and on the other hand, a hard mask is omitted, the processing time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.


Promethazine hydrochloride (I) was studied as a new reagent for the spectrophotometric detn. of Ce(IV), As(III), and NO2-. Ce(IV) instantaneously oxidized I in 3.9-5.3M H3PO4 to form a red-colored product which had an absorption max. at 518 nm (molar absorptivity = 1.006 A� 104). Beer's law was obeyed for 0.40-15.6 ppm Ce(IV). As(III) and NO2- were indirectly detd. by oxidn. to As(V) and NO3- with a known excess of std. Ce(IV) soln. The unreacted Ce(IV) was detd. by using I, and the decrease in absorbance at 518 nm was directly proportional to the As(III) and NO2- concn. The method can be used to det. 0.15-2.4 I¼g As(III)/mL and 0.05-1.72 I¼g NO2-/mL. The methods were free from interference from many cations and anions. [on SciFinder(R)]


Asymmetrical Concepts, defined by Reinhart Koselleck, have a strong utility as analytical tools: in fact they are deeply involved not only in the identity questions regarding "Us" against "Others" but also in the supremacy structures contained in the language and concepts. This work analyzes in detail the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships of the opposite concepts in order to propose that one concept may play the role of a couple of counter-concepts. This occurs owing to the fact that two fighting groups give different evaluations of that concept. This theoretic proposal is exemplified by the use of the "nobility" concept as an asymmetrical concept by two liberal tendencies in Spain in the first half of nineteen Century.


Abstract (1 −  x )Pb(Sn 1− y Ti y )O 3 – x Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ( x  = 0.1–0.4, y  = 0.45–0.65) ternary system was prepared using two-step columbite precursor method. Phase structure of the synthesized ceramics was studied by using X-ray powder diffraction and the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) curve of the ternary system was confirmed. The isothermal map of Curie temperature ( T C ) in the phase diagram was obtained based on the dielectric–temperature measurements. The coercive field E C and internal bias field E i were found to increase with increasing PT content, while decrease with increasing PMN content. The optimum properties were achieved in the MPB composition 0.8Pb(Sn 0.45 Ti 0.55 )O 3 –0.2Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , with dielectric permittivity ɛ r , piezoelectric coefficient d 33 , planar electromechanical coupling k p , mechanical quality factor Q m and T C of being on the order of 3040, 530pC/N, 55.5%, 320 and 190 °C, respectively, exhibiting potential usage for high power application.


The within‐pair difference in lipid levels was examined in 142 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs drawn from the population‐based Norwegian Twin Panel. Mean within‐pair difference in serum total cholesterol was lower in MZ pairs who were heterozygous for blood group Kidd genes or homozygous for the Jkb gene than in pairs who were homozygous for the Jkb gene. The difference between the two categories of homozygotes was significant at the 2% level. The analyses suggest that the main reason for the difference observed is a restrictive effect of the Jkb gene on total cholesterol variability. No effect on triglycerides or HDL cholesterol variability was detected and there was no association between Kidd blood groups and sex and age‐adjusted levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or HDL cholesterol. The present data confirm findings we reported when we introduced the study of within‐pair variability in MZ twins as a method to analyse gene‐environment interactions and validate the "variability gene" concept. A person's net risk for coronary heart disease may depend on his or her combination of "level genes" and "variability genes" as well as on environmental or life‐style factors.


During his campaign, Trump proposed a combination of tax cuts and infrastructure spending. But demography, technology, the financial structure and eventually, energy markets and climate change all place limits on the effectiveness of a stimulus program. The progressive alternative to an economic program of reckless stimulus and real-estate capital gains is a program of full employment, fair wages, and broad investment in social, cultural, and environmental needs, backed by taxes that fall directly on rents, monopoly profits, and on inheritances, thus directly dismantling the dynastic oligarchy that has been running the United States, through both parties, since 1981.


This technical note reviews space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms including various dimension-reduced, rank-reduced partial or sub-optimal variants as well as pseudoSTAP algorithms. Briefly examined are also knowledge-aided (KA) STAP and elevationazimuth-time 3D STAP that further improve STAP performance, especially under the heterogeneous clutter environment and range ambiguous conditions. Imperfections of radarplatform system deteriorating performance and limiting detection algorithms are discussed. Requirements on data resource and computation by each algorithm are assessed and compared.


This paper begins with the judging standard of the accounting information infidelity, defining the concept and analyzing the causes of the phenomenon on the basis of accountant itself and beyond. From the analysis, this paper arrives at a conclusion that accounting information infidelity is unavoidable and just can be done most close to fidelity. In addition, it also makes research on how to consummate the accounting regulations and strengthen the extensive restriction.


Author(s): Yee, Martha M | Abstract: Discusses the FRBR entities work, expression, manifestation and item; suggests which types of changes in content are significant enough to create a new expression and which types of changes in format and identification merely create a new manifestation. Makes recommendations for changes in record structure to better differentiate between data pertaining to an expression and data pertaining to a manifestation.


IJCRT1892568 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 402 SIGNAL MODELING TECHNIQUES USING AR MODELING V.Shireesha, G. Gayatri, P.S.M.Veena Assistant Professor 1,2,3 Department of ECE, ANITS, Visakhapatnam, INDIA. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract : The signal to be modeled consists of parameters, using which the original signal can be reconstructed or recovered. When once it is possible to accurately model a signal, then it becomes possible to perform important signal processing tasks such as signal compression, interpolation, prediction. The models used are AR (Auto Regressive) or All-Pole model, MA (Moving Average) or All-Zero model, ARMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average) or Pole-Zero model. Various methods have been suggested for the coefficients determination among which are Prony, Pade, Shank, Autocorrelation, Covariance techniques. This paper aims at AR modeling which is applied to these techniques on speech signals and comparisons are carried out. The comparisons are entirely based on the value of the coefficients obtained.


The Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase is reported to be involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis in response to chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion but the cellular source(s) of Nox2 involve...


During the period 1947 through 1970, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) fostered the rapid development and expansion of the domestic uranium mining and milling industry by providing a market for uranium. Some thirty-two mills were constructed during that period to produce U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ concentrates for sale to the AEC. In addition, there were various pilot plants, concentrators, upgraders, heap leach, and solution mining facilities that operated during the period. The purpose of this report is to compile a short narrative history of the AEC's uranium concentrate procurement program and to describe briefly each of the operations that produced uranium for sale to the AEC. Contractual arrangements are described and data are given on quantities of U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ purchased and prices paid. Similar data are included for V/sub 2/O/sub 5/, where applicable. Mill and other plant operating data were also compiled from old AEC records. These latter data were provided by the companies, as a contractual requirement, during the period of operation under AEC contracts. Additionally, an effort was made to determine the present status of each facility by reference to other recently published reports. No sites were visited nor were the individual reports reviewed by the companies, manymore » of which no longer exist. The authors relied almost entirely on published information for descriptions of facilities and milling processes utilized.« less


Xanthine dehydrogenase is a metalloenzyme that is present in a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The oxidation of the xanthine occurs at the molybdenum site, and the catalytic cycle is completed by electron transfer to the iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters and finally the flavin, where they are accepted by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Since the site giving rise to the Fe/S I electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal is thought to be the initial recipient of the electrons from the Mo, we wish to understand which EPR signal is associated with which Fe/S cluster in the structure in order to develop an understanding of the electron flow within the molecule. Samples of xanthine dehydrogenase wild-type and mutant forms were analyzed with EPR spectroscopy techniques at low and high temperatures. The results showed an altered Fe/S I signal along with an unaltered Fe/S II signal. The converted Cysteine, in the mutant, did affect the Fe/S cluster immediately adjacent to it. Therefore, the Fe/S I signal arises from the Fe/S cluster closest to the Mo and immediately adjacent to the mutated amino acid, and the Fe/S II signal must arise from the more distant Fe/S cluster.


Over the last 40 years, disease outbreaks have significantly reduced coral populations throughout the Caribbean. Most coral‐disease models assume that coral diseases are contagious and that pathogens are transmitted from infected to susceptible hosts. However, this assumption has not been rigorously tested. We used spatial epidemiology to examine disease clustering, at scales ranging from meters to tens of kilometers, to determine whether three of the most common Caribbean coral diseases, (i) yellow‐band disease, (ii) dark‐spot syndrome, and (iii) white‐plague disease, were spatially clustered. For all three diseases, we found no consistent evidence of disease clustering and, therefore, these diseases did not follow a contagious‐disease model. We suggest that the expression of some coral diseases is instead a two‐step process. First, environmental thresholds are exceeded. Second, these environmental conditions either weaken the corals, which are then more susceptible to infection, or the conditions increase the virulence or abundance of pathogens. Exceeding such environmental thresholds will most likely become increasingly common in rapidly warming oceans, leading to more frequent coral‐disease outbreaks.


Abstract This article is a follow-up to another in 2001 which highlighted the risk of stress among children taking the SATs at ages 7 and 11. Using a largely similar sample of schools, it was possible again to identify a small group of children with clear symptoms of stress during the following round of tests. Implications are set out, with some questions about children with special needs and about implementing the principle of mainstream inclusion in an atmosphere of some anxiety over perceived school effectiveness, published SATs data, and league tables.


The concept of participation has a long and complex history. It is also inextricably linked to other cognate issues like the nature of universals, analogy, perfect being theology or the problem of evil. I envisage the mini conference as an exploration of the metaphysical tradition of 'participation' (i.e. in the sense of μέθεξις rather than κοινωνία). It is a central concept of Thomism and yet marginal in much post 17 th century Western philosophical thought. Like many core and ostensibly familiar concepts in philosophy, it is deeply puzzling. Elucidating both its history and possible relevance today for both philosophy and theology is the challenge. Plato famously presents the physical cosmos as 'participating' in the ideas (Phaedo 99c6ff). In the Timaeus, the world of becoming is a 'likeness' of its intelligible archtetype. In the Republic V 480a or the Symposium 211c we find the celebrated ascent to 'absolute beauty. The various terms in Greek for participation are not much clearer than their English counterparts but the term has been taken since (especially through the enormous influence of the Timaeus) as expressing the connection between sensible and intelligible world – the visible 'kosmos aisthetos' as the 'eikon' of the 'kosmos noetos'. Aristotle, in rejecting the language of participation, dismissed this as merely a poetic manner of speaking. Metaphysics (987b7-14; 991a20-22; 1079b24-26). Unlike Plato's relatively inchoate and suggestive theology, Aristotle has a clear conception of the Divine mind. The God of Aristotle is a final cause and not an efficient cause of the physical cosmos. Moreover, the Aristotle's deity is not the basis for any exemplarism. It is with the Neoplatonists, however, that we find a clearly causal view of participation, whereby the imperfect domain is dependent upon a perfect transcendent source for its being. The idea of 'participation', through the influence of Neoplatonism, was a pivotal aspect of late antique and medieval thought, e.g. Avicena, Maimonides and Aquinas. The distinguished American Thomist W. Norris Clarke S.J. (1917-2008) offered the following definition:


Space division multiplexing (SDM) utilizing few-mode fibers or multicore fibers supporting multiple spatial channels, is currently under intense investigation as an efficient approach to overcome the current capacity limitations of high-speed long-haul transmission systems based on single mode optical fibers. In order to realize the potential energy and cost savings offered by SDM systems, the individual spatial channels should be simultaneously amplified with associated SDM amplifiers. In this paper, a review of recent progress on the implementation of various SDM amplifiers for SDM transmission is provided and strategies to minimize the differential modal gain in few-mode erbium doped fiber amplifiers (FM-EDFAs) are presented. In particular, the performance of both core-pumped and cladding-pumped 6-mode EDFAs will be discussed in detail and the prospect of further scaling with respect to the number of spatial modes that can be amplified will be described.


hireen Hunter's comprehensive survey of Russia's encounters with Islam within and beyond its borders begins with a concise account of Islam's thousand year history in Russia, shedding light on the ambiguities of Russian policy toward Muslims and its temporal and geographic variations. The book's first part provides a demographic, geographic, institutional, socioeconomic, ideological, and political profile of Russia's estimated 20 million Muslims in the early 21st century. The second part examines the role of Islam in the evolution of post-Soviet Russian national identity, federalism, and multi-party democracy. The third and final part deals with the Islamic factor in Russian foreign policy, with chapters devoted to Russia's relations with Central Asia and Transcaucasus, Northern Tier countries (Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan), the Arab World and the Balkans, and finally the West. Hunter's book is an ambitious, almost encyclopedic account of its topic, and succeeds on its own terms; one leaves Hunter's book, however, with the hope that others will be inspired by her macro-level work on Islam in Russia to produce equally rich works that reflect the "lived experience" of Islam on the ground in post-Soviet Russia as well. Tracing the thousand-year history of Islam in Russia from the Bulghar Kingdom and the Golden Horde through the imperial and Soviet periods into the post-Soviet era, Hunter concludes that "Russia's treatment of Islam and Muslims in the last 500 years has been mostly characterized by suppression and efforts at total elimination, especially under the Communists" (p. 41). Russia's intensive engagement with Islam begins with the conquest of Kazan' in 1552, and the period between 1552 and 1762 was "marked by a policy of systematic repression of Muslims and the destruction of Muslim civilization within Russia's borders" (p. 6). A notable exception exists in the relative tolerance during the reign of Catherine the Great (1762–1796). It was she who established the "Spiritual Muhammedan Assembly" to co-opt Muslim clergy, following the Russian tradition of subordinating religion to central state authority via bureaucratic and hierarchical structures. Policies of exclusion and discrimination forced a million Crimean Tatars alone to leave for the Ottoman Empire between 1783 and 1913, while it also prompted a large exodus of Volga Tatars to Bashkortostan, the Kazakh steppes, and Central Asia, creating Muslim minorities in their ancestral lands. The Russian imperial government's policies against Muslims are depicted as having essentially colonialist motives aimed at conversion into Christianity or extermination, but ultimately failing at both, settling for exclusion and a half-hearted assimilation of Muslims, who in any case are pushed to the lower end of the socio-economic hierarchy. Hunter mentions that


In a 1793 essay, J. Ch. Schwab claimed that Kant's distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments was already known to the Megarian philosopher Stilpo. Schwab's essay was criticised as early as 1794 by J. F. Ch. Gräffe. In a 1789 essay, J. A. Eberhard had also denied the
 originality of Kant's division of judgments and made certain indications suggesting that Aristotle was aware of the distinction. In this paper, I propose a fresh examination of why Schwab is wrong to attribute knowledge of Kant's division of judgments to Stilpo – a second look which,
 however, does not disregard Gräffe's contributions to the discussion. Second, I argue that, in a precise sense, Kant's division of judgments is indeed original, but that the analytic – synthetic distinction was nevertheless in a sense known to Aristotle. The assessment of these
 alleged precedents sheds light no only on the novelty of Kant's philosophical project but also on what may be called the "the paradox of the discovery of an evident philosophical distinction".


In the command swallow condition, which is routinely employed during videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing, patients commonly are told to hold a bolus in their mouth until they are told to swallow. Both components of the command swallow, bolus hold and swallowing in response to a command, could influence the act of swallowing. The focus of the current study was to examine the linguistic influences of the verbal command on swallowing. In fact, the language induced motor facilitation theory suggests the linguistic processes associated with the verbal command should facilitate the voluntary component of swallowing.
 This study investigated whether language induced motor facilitation was evident under the command swallow condition as reflected in suprahyoid muscle activity measured by surface electromyography. During the experiment, 20 healthy young participants held a 5 ml liquid bolus in their mouth and swallowed the bolus after hearing 5 acoustic stimuli presented randomly: congruent action word (swallow), incongruent action word (cough), congruent pseudo-word (spallow), incongruent pseudo-word (pough), and non-verbal stimulus (1000 Hz pure-tone).
Swallow latencies following the congruent action word were shorter than swallows following the non-verbal stimulus, indicating that suprahyoid muscle activity occurred earlier for
following the word swallow than for the pure-tone. Longer latencies for the pseudo-words than real words also supported the language induced motor facilitation theory, but it was not clear whether the observed differences were due to reduced linguistic facilitation or longer processing-time associated with interference. Stronger support for the theory captured by lexical directionality was not evident when the words swallow and cough were compared. The facilitation effects of swallow-related action words may not have sufficient sensitivity and strength among effectors, and the incongruent word in the study may not have represented a true incongruent action against the act of swallowing. There also was no facilitation effect on peak suprahyoid muscle activity amplitude.
The evidence from this study advances our understanding of the links between language and movement for behaviors that are not entirely under voluntary control. Linguistic inducement of swallowing could be useful as a swallow compensatory technique for patients with difficulty initiating oropharyngeal swallows including patients with Parkinson's disease.


Copper tolerance of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi in vitro was achieved through plant regeneration from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA, 0.1-0.25 mg/l IAA and 60 μM Cu. Tolerant organogenic calli showed more vigorous growth in medium containing 60 μM Cu than the non-tolerant calli. Standard growth parameters such as fresh and dry weight of organogenic callus, growth tolerance index (GTI), enzyme activity (peroxidase and catalase) and copper accumulation were used as indicators of copper tolerance. The activities of peroxidase and catalase as well as estimation of protein, total amino acid and chlorophyll were greater in tolerant calli than non-tolerant ones. The GTI in the 4 weeks after the beginning of treatments yielded significant differences among the tolerant and non-tolerant organogenic callus cultures. The accumulation of copper in the tolerant calli increased significantly with an increase in copper concentration in the medium. Shoot bud regeneration was achieved in both tolerant and non-tolerant organogenic calli on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l IAA. The tolerant regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal MS medium with 60 μM Cu for selection of tolerant clones. This study may help in the selection and characterization of Cu-tolerant lines of N. tabacum cv. 'Xanthi' for building conservation strategies and also for phytoremediation programmes.


Purpose: To compare the refractive outcome of clear lens extraction employing partial coherence interferometry data with that of applanation ultrasonography. Methods: Thirty eyes of 17 patients with axial length greater than 26 mm who underwent clear lens extraction were enrolled in this study. IOL power was measured using IOLMaster and conventional ultrasonography. Differences between predicted refraction and actual refraction were compared and analyzed according to the biometry method and IOL power calculation formulas. Results: Axial length according to IOLMaster measurement ( mm) was significantly longer than that measured by ultrasonography ( mm) (p=0.000). The difference between actual and predicted refraction was diopter by SRK/T with IOLMaster and diopter by SRK/T with A-scan. The standard errors of the two measurement methods were 0.08 and 0.10, respectively. Eighty-five percent and one hundred percent of patients were within 1 diopter, as measured by SRK/T with IOLMaster and with A-scan, respectively. Conclusions: The use of the IOLMaster with the SRK/T formula may be an accurate method of IOL calculation in cases of high myopes, if surgeon factors are corrected for.


Most digital cameras use single-CCD with color filter array to capture sub-sampled digital color images and need color interpolation to generate full resolution color details. While most color interpolation algorithms are performed in the RGB domain, we propose a new framework to perform the color interpolation in the YCbCr domain. Simulation results suggest that the proposed framework can produce significantly better quality color images compared with existing algorithms.


One embodiment of the present invention, are respectively arranged on the first and second side of the core layer, the core layer having a first side and a second side located on the opposite to each other, the respectively provided with a conductive pattern and the conductive via first and second build-up layer, and the first and the second comprises an outer layer disposed on the surface of the build-up layer, the first and second build at least one build-up layer is a cavity of up layer comprising a photosensitive insulating layer includes and is capable of providing a circuit board, it characterized in that the heat dissipation body is disposed consisting of a coated material in the cavity.


The hydrodynamic effects of ultrasound in the nematic liquid crystal MBBA are studied. The conditions for the formation of rolls or disclinations are given. The roll patterns are then examined and found to be produced at very low ultrasound intensities.


The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of using Wastewater Treatment sludge (WWTs) from oil-based industry as a target material for sustainable construction component. Intensive laboratory investigations were carried out to establish the best mix design for brick composition. WWTs were blended with Laterite Clay (LC) at 50:50 ratio to produce unfired bricks. These target material were stabilised using Hydrated Lime (HL), Portland cement (PC) on its own and combination of Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), waste from metal industry, HL: GGBS and PC: GGBS both (50:50 and 70:30 ratio) at 10%, 20% and 30% stabilizer dosage. The influence of the waste addition on the compressive strength and water absorption test was investigated on brick specimens. The unfired brick were fabricated in the factory environment. The bricks that casted were wrapped in cling film and air cured for 7 and 28 days before testing. The results obtained show that the measured strength properties and water absorption of the stabilized WWTs are comparable to conventional bricks. The results suggest there is a potential of using sludge from oil based industry in view of economic and environmental concern.


The study of the main mechanisms affecting bentonite colloid transport/retention in a crystalline medium under low water flow rates is an important task to understand their role in radionuclide migration. As roughness effects have been reported to be relevant in bentonite retention under unfavorable electrostatic conditions, a smooth artificial granite fracture was used to analyze in detail the effects of water velocity on colloid recovery. Even when electrostatic conditions were unfavorable for colloid attachment to rock surfaces, colloids were observed to be retained in the fracture. Retention increased when the water flow rate decreased indicating the importance of the hydrodynamic conditions.


From unpublished data obtained by survey and devices of counting, the article analyzes the enhancement of the trails as a tourism resource in the PN Sierra de las Nieves. After the analysis of the facilities offered by the Park for the development of hiking, the work is focused on the analysis of the demand. First, it is studies the volume and seasonal rhythms of visitors. Secondly it is examined the radius of attraction and the frequency of visits. Then, after measuring the demand, the degree of user satisfaction is analyzed. Finally the evaluations ob


The turbulence characteristics in flow over and within the interface of two-dimensional dunes are investigated experimentally. Besides the spatial flow and turbulence quantities, their double-averaged profiles are also analyzed. The flow over dunes is recognized to be a wake-interference flow, where the decelerated flow at the immediate downstream of the crest causes the kolk-boil effect. The flow reattachment can be explained from the perspective of the Coandă effect. The inner boundary layer edge follows the locus of the inflection points of velocity profiles having a velocity defect. The Reynolds shear stress profiles attain their respective peaks along this locus. In addition, the dispersive shear stress initiates from the edge of the form-induced sublayer being negative, indicating a spatially decelerated flow. The third-order correlations reveal that an inrush of rapidly moving fluid streaks coupled with a downward-downstream Reynolds stress diffusion prevails within the interfacial sublayer, while an arrival of slowly moving fluid streaks coupled with an upward-upstream stress diffusion governs the flow zone above the crest. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) flux results corroborate the similar findings. Concerning the TKE budget, the dispersive kinetic energy diffusion is found to be substantial within the roughness sublayer. The budget terms exhibit their respective peaks near the crest. The production rate is greater than the dissipation rate. However, the TKE diffusion and pressure energy diffusion rates are negative in the interfacial sublayer. The bursting analysis endorses that the sweeps and ejections govern within the interfacial sublayer and the flow zone above the crest, respectively.


1. This study sought to assess the incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 hypertensives who were normokalaemic and in whom the question of primary aldosteronism had never been raised.


Citation for published version (APA): Vroomen, J. M., Bosmans, J. E., Eekhout, I., Joling, K. J., van Mierlo, L. D., Meiland, F. J. M., ... de Rooij, S. E. (2016). The CostEffectiveness of Two Forms of Case Management Compared to a Control Group for Persons with Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers from a Societal Perspective. PLoS ONE, 11(9), [e0160908]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160908


We summarize what is known about the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the nucleon and its x-dependence from exclusive J/psi photo/electroproduction in e-p fixed-target and collider experiments (HERA H1 and ZEUS). This information can be used to predict the impact parameter dependence of the cross section for certain hard QCD processes (dijet production) in pbar-p and p-p collisions at the Tevatron and LHC.


By analysing and approaching the four kinds of academic functions in collegesand universities under the new circumstances, the paper tries to offer some thoughts to make them become the source of knowledge economy.


Tele-operated laboratory experiments are monitored or operated by visualization systems. In case of using a web browser the rapidly evolving web technology generates an increasing variety of client platform applications. Therefore, solutions are often obsolete after a short life time. New browser versions do not support earlier versions of web technology or browsers of different developers differ in the completeness of implemented web technology. The close coupling of the visualization system's functionality and implementation technology caused by Java Applets or Java Beans requires a completely new implementation of the whole solution although its functionality does not change. An interesting method for improving this approach is the Model Driven Software Development (MDSD). This paper presents an XML-based Graphical User Interface Language, which follows this idea and shows the currently available models. The paper presents first experiences in the design of user interfaces for laboratory experiments.


Abstract The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about the correct or most fruitful philosophical analysis of trust. The discussion has lately gained in importance due to the central role social scientists attribute to trust in their analysis of "social capital". The following account of trust, based on the notion of holding someone responsible, is suggested in the paper: We trust someone when 1) We put ourselves in a dependent position which involves the risk of being harmed (from an objective perspective); 2) We do not monitor the trusted party; and 3) We do not believe the risk will actualize because we take the other party to be responsible in the sense that we hold her to normative expectations which we believe arise out of a shared perspective on the nature of our relationship and the normative expectations it gives rise to. It is argued that the above account explains often registered features of trust such as the feeling of being betrayed caused by breaches of trust, the moral dimension associated with trust, and the invisibility or near-invisibility of trust when not breached. In addition, the account is capable of explaining the common intuition that trusting behavior undertaken in order to create trust should not be understood as trust proper. The difference between risks going with such "therapeutic trust" on the one hand and trust proper on the other are illuminated. On the basis of these differences it is argued that therapeutic trust is a very different form of social capital than trust proper. Noticing this difference is important, for example, because of the practical consequences it has for efforts of building trust. In addition to philosophical analysis, the paper proceeds by discussing a literary example taken from Iris Murdoch's novel A Fairly Honourable Defeat. The use of the example reflects the conviction that the features of trust analyzed in the paper are best understood within a concrete narrative of a mutual quest for recognition of the partners in a trust relationship.


Poor oral hygiene and a high prevalence of periodontal disease are characteristic findings among hospitalized psychiatric patients. This is largely because oral health is ranked low on the priority list in the context of mental illness. However, this should not be the case since oral health is a major determinant of the general health in psychiatric patients. The aim of this study is to determine the periodontal treatment needs of psychiatric inpatients in Mathari mental hospital. It will be a descriptive cross-sectional study and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) together with the WHO color-coded probe will be used to assess the extent of tissue destruction and the treatment needs. Simple Random Sampling Method will be used to identify the subjects of this study, who will be all the patients who gave assent to participate. The sample size will be 72 patients. Ethical clearance will be sought from Kenyatta National Hospital ethical research committee in Kenya Information obtained will be useful to caretakers of psychiatric patients to facilitate provision of health care holistically, training dental professionals on the provision of dental care to hospitalized psychiatric patients and fomiulation of strategies for preventive oral health measures among psychiatric patients.


This eBay guide was written to give you the basics needed to be a successful Buyer or Seller on eBay. EBay can be a great alternative Web Marketing, Computer & Internet Advertising, or Online Promotion tool. So no matter what Industry or Profession you're in, eBay can be a great asset to small businesses or inspired entrepreneurs everywhere. Online auctions can improve entrepreneurship which in turn will improve the business culture of companies big & small.


We have studied the superconducting transition in In wires with diameters, d, as small as 400 A. We find that the transition temperature is suppressed below the bulk value, by an amount ..delta..T/sub c/ which varies as approx. =d/sup -1/, and has a magnitude of approximately 0.1 K for our smallest wires. The magnitude of ..delta..T/sub c/ does not appear to be consistent with recent theories which treat the effect of disorder on T/sub c/ in one dimension.


The utility model is a magnetic floating type shock avoiding device which is composed by an outer sleeve cylinder and a support table, the bottom of the outer sleeve cylinder is sealed by iron block, the upper end is opened with an opening, the support table is sleeved in the outer sleeve cylinder, the relative positions of the bottoms of the outer sleeve cylinder and the support table are respectively provided with a magnetic, the magnetic pole of the magnetic on the bottom of the outer sleeve cylinder opposes the same magnetic pole of the magnetic on the bottom of the support table. The utility model is simple in structure, low in cost, good in shock avoiding effect and does not need to repair, and can be widely used to avoid shock for the objects such as household appliances, instruments and medical equipments and so on.


The growing global energy demand and the ecological advantages of low ozone depleting substance resulting from combustion of the natural gas products leads to consideration of economic, practical innovations of transporting the gas. The alternatives of marketing the unused gas include regional or local markets, projects of combined commodity and the export markets. Natural gas has been transported securely, dependably, and financially utilizing pipeline. This paper addresses the issue of Offshore LNG and Monetization with special attention to Supply Chain.
 In this particular project, the writer will be examining Stranded Offshore gas and Supply Chain, to demonstrate Monetization. Legislations and policies will be juxtaposed them against the upstream sector and downstream sector, with the aim of revealing the formerly misunderstood connections between supply chain and monetization. The question of Offshore LNG and Monetization have been greatly debated in the Gas and Energy field, with organizationsarguing Monetization and Supply Chain. However, these works have not adequately addressed the issue of Offshore LNG and Monetization with the supply chain philosophies.
 Various solutions for mismanaged stranded gas holds are presently being created and contemplated for commercialization. In the meantime, for the past decades, only the LNG industry (Liquefied Natural Gas) has efficiently conveyed many remote natural gas reserves to the various gas markets which are not reachable through pipelines, such as South Korea and Japan. In conclusion, by closely analyzing monetization and Offshore LNG, this project brings a new understanding of the rarely acknowledged/little recognized/neglected issue of Supply Chain Management. In spite of being a standout amongst the most copious sources of energy on earth, more than thirty-three percent of international natural gas fields stay unused and cannot be conveyed to the market monetarily.
 As far back as decades, it is evident that large amounts of fresh gas saves are certainly not the only things that are placed strategically. Consideration has been directed to more segregated vast gas reservoir that was earlier thought of as being excessively remote and impossible to develop. Once a typical industry works on, flaring is currently broadly debilitated, and numerous nations including Norway and Nigeria, that are coming up with emission or anti-flaring taxes and policies to discourage gas wastage.


The mice of the present study were raised free from Hymenolepis on a diet of Purina dog checkers and water. This diet was continued throughout the various experiments. Records of daily food intake (computed by a previously described method, Larsh, 1947b) and weight change during the experiments were necessary as indications of thyroid gland activity of the various groups of mice. These findings, therefore, are given brief discussion in the text. The daily doses of the thiouracil and the thyroid extract (both in powdered form) were suspended in 0.2 cc. of water and forced down the esophagus through a blunted 18 gauge needle attached to a 1.0 cc. tuberculin syringe. The doses of these substances used were based on previous work in which the metabolism of the mice was altered considerably (Holtman, 1946). Although no attempts were made to measure directly the effects on metabolism, there were no visible indications that the amounts of thiouracil and thyroid extract used were toxic. After daily treatment with one of these products for three weeks, these mice and their controls were given alternately a test dose of Hymenolepis eggs. The number of cysticercoids observed 93 hours later was used as the criterion of resistance. The methods of isolating and standardizing Hymenolepis eggs for infections, of infecting the animals, and of making counts of the 93-hour cysticercoids can be referred to elsewhere (Larsh, 1942). Student's "t" test was the instrument used to determine the statistical significance of the observed differences in numbers of parasites recovered from the experimental


MK3 tunneller of rock heading is made by DOSCO of England.The common problem of the electric system at the actual operation is analyzed for more than a year,and it has a reference value for safe operation of tunneller in production.


Stable performance of mine ventilation fans is important not only for maintaining adequate ventilation of the mine, but also to maintain the integrity of the fan unit itself. It is demonstrated, herein, that a properly designed and applied stabilization device, integrated into the fan casing itself, will assure stable performance and actually extend the fan's capability.


With the help of orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, experiments of different hot band grain microstructure 0.33% silicon steel were cold-rolled and annealed in the laboratory,to study the effect of the microstructure hot-rolled steel strip for cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel microstructure and texture of recrystallization annealing. The results show that hot rolled microstructure on cold rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel cold-rolled sheet evolution of texture and recrystallization have important influence, the quiaxed grain structure of steel by cold rolling and recrystallization annealing, the recrystallization speed than the fiber grain-based mixed crystals recrystallization fast , With the equiaxed grains made of cold rolled silicon steel after annealing the {110} texture components was enhanced and {100} texture components weakened. Different microstructure condition prior to cold rolling in the recrystallization annealing process the texture evolution has the obvious difference, the equiaxial grain steel belt cold rolling and annealing, has the strong crystal orientation. This shows that the equiaxed grain when hot microstructure is detrimental to the magnetic properties of cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel to improve and increase.


Abstract : Present and near-future requirements for the addition of digital computer simulation of gas turbine engine steady-state and transient performance to the present Engine Test Facility and Propulsion Wind Tunnel Facility digital data capability were determined based on information and guidance provided by the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory and various gas turbine engine manufacturers. During Phase I of this study, digital computer high-speed core memory size and throughput times were determined and are presented for several modern steady-state and transient mathematical model simulation programs. Display requirements were also determined and are presented for full utilization of the mathematical model results, off-line and on-line. Some preliminary results on dynamic compressor mathematical models are discussed.


The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the French-Lebanon relations under the Jacques Chiraques Presidency. The author analyses the reasons for a particular interest of France in Lebanon and the influence of the assassination of R. Hariris, the Prime Minister of Lebanon and the French Presidents friend, on the evolution of the Lebanon-Syrian French policy.


The internal beam of the Brookhaven AGS has been extracted by exciting the third-integral nonlinear resonance at a horizontal tune of ?H = 8-2/3. The extraction efficiency is approximately 80% and the spill duration ~ 300 to 400 ms. The beam has been extracted over the energy range 20 to 29 GeV. Preliminary measurements of horizontal and vertical emittance give EH ? 0.036 ? in.-mrad and EV ? 0.09 ? in.-mrad. Intensity modulation of the spill is presently about 40%.


Q: What do we know about turnover? A: Hospitals are struggling to hold on to experienced and novice nurses alike. Eighteen percent of new nurses will change jobs or even professions within the first year after graduation. An additional onethird leave within 2 years. Nationally, the nursing turnover rate averages 19.1% and is expected to increase, with a nursing vacancy rate of 8%. Nursing turnover can be extremely costly for organizations. According to the 2019 National Healthcare Retention & RN Staffing Report, it costs between $40,300 and $64,000 to replace one clinical nurse, with the average hospital losing $4.4 million to $6.9 million each year. Shift length is one of the most cited causes of nursing turnover, with organizations that utilize 12-hour shifts reporting challenges with retention. Becker's Hospital Review indicates that the three main reasons for nursing turnover are relationships, including peer-to-peer relationships on the unit and rapport with nurse leaders; staffing; and personal obligations. Although the cycle of turnover can seem overwhelming, there are obtainable solutions that can reduce turnover and increase nursing job satisfaction. Improving orientation and role transitions can have a large impact on staff satisfaction. New graduate transition programs have been shown to increase retention and reduce burnout. Likewise, mentorship programs increase overall job satisfaction and retention. For example, Franciscan St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers in Indianapolis, Ind., implemented a preceptor and mentor program to help new graduate nurses during their first year of employment, which decreased the organization's turnover rate from 31% to 10% in 2 years. Improving the workplace environment can also positively affect staff satisfaction, burnout, and turnover. Strategies to mitigate turnover include reducing weekly and incremental overtime and eliminating mandatory overtime. The development of shared governance programs that give nurses a voice in scheduling, workflows, and hospital policies can also help. As can maintaining adequate nurse staffing levels and fostering a culture that supports acuitybased staffing tools to ensure nurse and patient safety. A positive practice environment that recognizes work-life balance, in which there's a genuine respect for personal safety and zero tolerance for bullying, and where mutually satisfying collaboration between healthcare providers and nurses occurs, is key. ■


Title 'Psalms of Solomon' is the title given to a collection of eighteen psalms preserved in Greek and Syriac but in all probability originally composed in Hebrew. All but the first have a superscription which mentions Solomon as author, but nothing in these songs warrants an ascription to the famous son of David. They are not even pseudepigraphical in the usual sense of the word. The psalms proper do not hint at any connection with Solomon and the circumstances in which he reigned. They need not have originated at the same time and may have been composed by more than one author. At a certain moment they were brought together to be used in assemblies of pious Jews (mentioned e.g. in 8:23f; 17:16, 32, 43) for meditation, prayer, instruction, perhaps also to be sung (see the superscriptions of Psalms 10, 14, 16 and 17). To give them some authority the collector(s) attached Solomon's name to the individual psalms and to the collection. After all he was reported to have composed 1,005 songs (1 Kings 4:32 (5:12). This is the number in the Hebrew text; the lxx has 5,000) and the regular Psalter contained only two psalms bearing Solomon's name (Pss. 72, 127). The fact that Psalms 17 and 18 in this collection hope for a wise and pious king from the family of David may have suggested the connection with David's successor. In the Syriac tradition the Psalms were handed down together with (and after) 42 Odes of Solomon, an entirely different collection of hymns.


Effect of weaning on growth has been monitored through biochemical estimations of blood serum proteins, thyroid hormones and immunoglobulins in calves. Alterations in the levels of these biological entities have been considered as the variation due to differences in metabolic status of calves under 2 feeding management at the time of birth. These biochemical changes in serum indicate the metabolic compensation against energy drain due to weaning in the system. However, no differences in body weights were noted in suckling vs nonsuckling calves. The frequency of disease occurrence in nonsuckling calves was higher as compared to suckling calves.


We have investigated different scenarios for the origin of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1911-5958A in NGC 6752, the most distant pulsar discovered from the core of a globular cluster to date. The hypothesis that it results from a truly primordial binary born in the halo calls for accretion-induced collapse and negligible recoil speed at the moment of neutron star formation. Scattering or exchange interactions off cluster stars are not consistent with both the observed orbital period and its offset position. We show that a binary system of two black holes with (unequal) masses in the range of 3-100 M☉ can live in NGC 6752 until the present time and can have propelled PSR J1911-5958A into an eccentric peripheral orbit during the last ~1 Gyr.


The probability of DNA base‐pair opening was calculated at temperatures below the denaturation region. The helix–coil transition theory, modified to include different nearest‐neighbor interactions, was employed. Predictions of base‐pair opening employing DNA melting‐curve parameters differed considerably from predictions based on parameters evaluated from synthetic RNA oligomer data of Gralla and Crothers (G‐C) and formaldehyde–DNA binding experiments of McGhee and von Hippel (M‐vH). Calculations based on the latter parameters indicate a base‐pair‐opening probability of 10−2–10−3 at 35°C in 0.1M NaCl. DNA melting‐curve parameters predict values about 103 smaller. At a temperature 10°C below the transition midpoint of a specific DNA sequence, DNA melting parameters predict base‐pair opening of about 10−3, whereas the G‐C and M‐vH parameters predict that ≳0.16 of the DNA is melted. Experiments and theoretical assumptions relevant to the calculations are analyzed. Evidence suggests that DNA melting parameters are valid when the average loop size exceeds some minimum value, whereas the G‐C and M‐vH parameters appear more valid for single base‐pair loops. A reconciliation of the two sets of predictions can be made if interactions extending beyond neighboring base pairs are considered. Such interactions will make the parameters of the nearest‐neighbor model appear to change with the average loop size. Experiments that may provide further measurements of base‐pair opening are discussed.


For historical reasons, bioinformatics has been focused on the analysis of coding sequences. Genome annotation mainly consists in the localization of putative open reading frames, and assignment of a function to their product. Non-coding sequences are, however, an essential part of the information contained in a genome. In particular, these sequences mediate transcriptional regulation, which is crucial to many aspects of life: metabolic regulation, embryonic development, cell cycle, immune response, etc. In silico analysis of non-coding sequences can provide important information about gene function, and about the way genes interact with each other to form molecular networks. Different algorithms are required for the prediction of regulatory elements than for the analysis of coding and protein sequences. This paper discusses several recent attempts to analyze the non-coding fraction of whole genomes, and emphasizes upon different ways by which comparative genomics has been used to improve the prediction of regulatory elements.


Objective:To confirm more effective treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head(ANFH)by combination of TCM and western medicine through animal experiment. To investigate the pathogenesis of ANFH.Methods:25 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: normal, model, operation and operation + herb of activating blood stasis and reinforcing kidney. The models were producted by injecting horse blood serum and methylprednisolone. The bone histo morphologic, serum lipids and hemorheology indications were observed in the study. Results:The method of operation + herb of activating blood stasis, reinforcing kidney is effective in preventing from the development of ANFH. The effect is better than that of single operation. Conclusions:The operation + herb of activating blood stasis, reinforcing kidney is a reasonable treatment of ANFH.


Abstract As the research on mindfulness expands to include school-based interventions, middle school educators across the country have implemented mindfulness in the classroom. However, similar to other social-emotional learning approaches, when implemented in the absence of cultural context and trauma-informed care, mindfulness can be weaponized. In this paper we describe how educators can facilitate mindfulness practice in the classroom in affirming, culturally responsive and trauma-informed ways. In doing so, we propose a new vision for how mindfulness can further equity work in schools.


Energy security, a multidimensional concept that encompasses the notion of resource availability, accessibility, environmental acceptability and cost affordability, has been widely discussed. However, the same cannot be said about energy insecurity, a concept that may not necessarily mirror energy security, but also comprises the various consequences of energy unavailability. Energy insecurity mostly affects the poorest and can lead to deepened inequalities and poor health at the household level. One solution for tackling energy insecurity could be adoption of renewable energy. Power generated from renewable sources could help in mitigating energy price fluctuations and reduce health issues, as well as encourage stable economic growth. This special issue discusses the interaction between the three concepts through careful case studies and panel analysis and proposes various policy implications for energy policymakers. This introductory paper introduces the articles selected for this special issue.


ROGER W. MORRISON, M.D., and MARVI H. HACK (From the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Colege of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.) In Gaucher's disease there are many large foamy cells in the spleen and liver, and often in the bone marrow and lymph nodes.1'2 Most pathologists now agree that these cells arise from the reticulum and from histiocytes in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.1 2 Several investigators have shown that kerasin, a cerebroside, is accumulated in Gaucher's disease.3-6 The use of histochemical methods to identify and localize kerasin in sections of spleens from patients with Gaucher's disease seemed worthy of trial. The physical properties of kerasin are of importance in such an approach. It is soluble in warm (650 C.) methyl alcohol and chloroform (i: i), in warm (650 C.) ethyl alcohol, and in pyridine. It is insoluble in cold methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, xylene, ether, petroleum ether, and acetone. An ultraviolet absorption peak for kerasin has been reported at 2675 to 2700 Angstrom units.7 Kerasin is composed of lignoceric acid, sphingosine, and a hexose, usually galactose,' but sometimes glucose. With a compound of this nature the periodic acid-leukofuchsin method8'9 might be expected to produce a positive reaction. In that case one might expect the hexose to be oxidized by the periodic acid to a diglycollic aldehyde. When this reacts with the fuchsin-sulfurous acid reagent, it forms the corresponding colored (rose-purple) addition product. This was confirmed by means of a spot test with pure kerasin isolated from human brain. In sections the altered carbohydrate remains botnd to the insoluble components of kerasin and enables the colored product to be accurately localized microscopically. METHODS AND OBSERVATIONS


The high-performance standard cell library is very important for the ASIC design. A radiation-hardened standard cell library can significantly enhance the reliability and performance of digital circuits that work in a hard radiation environment. We have developed a radiation-hardened standard cell library for the commercial 0.18μm CMOS technology. Some of the radiation-hardened techniques (such as the temporal filtering structure, the P+/N+ guard rings) have been discussed, validated and used for the standard cells. Also we have characterized this RH standard cell library to support the RTL to GDSII ASIC design flow.


Objective: To assess the factors affecting early local and audiometric outcomes in vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Study Design: A retrospective review of medical records. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Records of all adult patients who underwent SRS between 2010 and 2016 for the treatment of VS were retrospectively reviewed. Patients treated with microsurgery or multi-fractionation schemes, and those who had neurofibromatosis type 2, were excluded. Intervention: SRS, tumor volume/size measurements. Main Outcome Measures: The impact of tumor volume dynamics on the early local and hearing-related outcomes, together with the factors that influence them following SRS, and comparison of different tumor size measurement methods. Results: From 2010 to 2016, 53 patients underwent single fraction SRS of 12 Gy. Median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 6–79). At the last follow-up, only one patient had clinical progression. Age less than or equal to 65 years (p = 0.04; odds ratio [OR]: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.93) and baseline pure-tone average (PTA) level less than or equal to 30 dB (p = 0.03; OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84–0.96) were associated with maintenance of serviceable hearing. On multivariate analysis, PTA remained significant (p = 0.01; OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.003–0.45). In patients with a loss of serviceable hearing, the mean volume increase tended to be higher than in the patients whose hearing was maintained. The linear measurement method underestimated, and the A × B × C/2 equation overestimated, the radiological progression compared with 3D-volumetric delineations. Conclusion: During the median observation period of almost 3 years, we reported our early outcome results. Tumor volume increase may have an impact on serviceable hearing loss after SRS. Currently there is no widely accepted method for the evaluation of post-SRS response. Linear measurement and the A × B × C/2 equation produce less reliable estimates of radiological progression compared with 3D-volumetric delineations. Accurate volume measurements with 3D delineations should be considered as part of clinical routine for assessing progression and deciding on salvage therapies.


Correction for 'Plasmonics in the ultraviolet with the poor metals Al, Ga, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, and Bi' by Jeffrey M. McMahon et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 5415–5423.


MaximumIntensityProjection(MIP) is a volumerenderingtechniquewhich is usedto extract high-intensitystructuresfrom volumetricdata.At eachpixel the highestdata valueencounteredalong the correspondingviewing ray is determined.MIP is commonly usedto extract vascularstructuresfrom medicalMRI datasets(angiography). Theusualway to compensatefor the lossof spatialandocclusioninformationin MIP imagesis to view the datafrom differentview pointsby rotating them.As the generationof MIP is usuallynon-interacti ve, this is doneby calculatingmultiple images offline andplayingthembackasananimation. In this papera new algorithmis proposedwhich is capableof interacti vely generatingMaximumIntensityProjectionimagesusingparallelprojectionandtemplates. Voxelsof thedatasetwhich will never contributeto a MIP dueto their neighborhood are removed during a preprocessingstep.The remainingvoxels arestoredin a way whichguaranteesoptimalcachecoherenc y regardlessof theviewing direction.For use on low-endhardware,a preview-modeis includedwhich rendersonly moresignificant partsof thevolumeduringuserinteraction.Furthermorewe demonstratetheusability of our datastructurefor extensionsof theMIP techniquelike MIP with depth-shading andLocalMaximumIntensityProjection(LMIP). keywords: VolumeVisualization,MaximumIntensityProjection,angiography


The NCP algorithm is developed to detect the cases of plagiarism of source codes. Algorithm uses tokenize representation of the source code, trie-tree to store sequences of tokens and Levenshtein distance computation to assess the similarity of two sequences. Some optimizations are proposed to improve the performance of this algorithm.


Workers in the metal industry are using the equipment (hand tool) that produces vibrations. These vibrations have a negative effect on the fingers, forearm, or shoulder joints. Disorders that often arises is often called the effects of hand arm vibration. These effects vary of workers, ranging from finger whitened condition to the inability to move the finger. Lack of security and safety equipment will further enlarge this negative effect, because the disturbance will result in declining labor productivity. This study aims to model safety equipment in the form of fluidic damper to reduce glove hand arm vibration. This objective will be carried out in stages: 1) obtain field data on working conditions, workload with a hand tool and type of equipment used, 2) determine the parameters of vibration hand tool that is widely used, 3) modeling and making fluidic damper glove, perform the test comparison of the use and without the use of glove, 4) glove on field trials that have been surveyed. In the period of the study for 2 years, each parameter vibration hand tools frequently used can be measured in the laboratory. Tests conducted to determine the vibration of the arms that operate hand tools. Fluidic damper glove designed to dampen vibrations in the arm so that its effect on health problems can be reduced.


Music and speech are both complex sound structures that unfold over time, yet they undoubtedly rely on fundamentally dissimilar perceptual processes and knowledge. Given that naive infant listeners must discover and learn meaningful structures in music and speech in parallel, a natural question to ask is whether early auditory learning is influenced by domain‐specific or domain‐general constraints. I will discuss two current studies exploring and comparing how infants and adults respond to speech‐music similarities and dissimilarities. Because music and speech share certain rhythmic properties, one set of experiments explores the extent to which adults and infants can classify speech and music stimuli based on the rhythm. After being familiarized to low‐pass filtered speech or instrumental songs from French‐speaking or English‐speaking cultures, adults fail to classify novel stimuli across domains (e.g., French and English speech after familiarization to songs), whereas 10‐month‐old infants succeed. A sec...


The evidence in this book provides convergent validation of a causal relationship between workplace stressors and CVD. Here, the editors explore new strategies for enhanced prevention and clinical management, work place interventions, and social policy to reduce the impact of CVD. These strategies acquire an urgent public health dimension, given the magnitude of the CVD epidemic and the current deterioration in conditions of working life.


Abstract Since the middle of the nineteenth century, central government has exercised– or at least has had the ability to exercise–an increasing degree of control over local authorities.1 These powers have taken a variety of forms: financial controls, the power to issue instructions on how local authorities should discharge their functions, inspections and inquiries. But potentially the most drastic form of direct central control are default powers which enable a central government department to ensure that services provided by local authorities are not allowed to lapse. Such default powers are a regular feature of legislation concerning the provision of welfare services by local authorities. The provision of housing,2 health and social services,3 education,4 public health5 and services to disabled persons6 are all ensured to some extent by default powers vested (usually) in the relevant Secretary of State. But the legal effect of the existence of such powers is somewhat obscure. In particular, the circum...


A novel Mo/C catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for methanol vapor phase carbonylation to methyl acetate without addition of any promoter in the feed. In this paper, a series of Mo catalysts supported on activated carbon, γ Al 2O 3 and SiO 2 are prepared. The results show that the effect of supports on Mo catalyst for direct vapor phase carbonylation of methanol is very sensitive. Activated carbon is the best supports; Mo/γ Al 2O 3 has a high conversion of methanol, but the selectivity for carbonylation is very low; and Mo/SiO 2 catalyst has a less conversion of methanol, and the selectivity for carbonylation is nearly zero. Moreover, the relationships between adsorptions of NH 3 and CO and carbonylation of methanol are investigated. The results show that the amount of absorbed NH 3 is more on the Mo/C and Mo/γ Al 2O 3than Mo/SiO 2. Acidity of catalyst is necessary to activate methanol, and the conversion of methanol is determined by the amount of acidic sites. The order of the amount of CO chemisorption is as follows: Mo/C (1190 μmol·g -1 ) Mo/γ Al 2O 3 (198 μmol·g -1 ) Mo/SiO 2 (100μmol·g -1 ). It is suggested that the adsorbed CO molecules migrate from metal sites to activated carbon (spillover), and then the amount of absorbed CO is enhanced. The result demonstrates that the effect of chemisorbed CO on the selectivity for carbonylation is significant. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of direct vapor phase carbonylation of methanol is presented. The initial step of this reaction is suggested to be the cleavage of methanol to form CH 3 +, followed by adsorbed CO insertion into the metal methyl bond, forming CH 3C(O) +, which further interacts with methanol to form methyl acetate.


The paper introduces the Reactive Power compensation De vice at the M ain Bus of CAN, including its hardware circuit and software design. The outstand ing merits of the device are its good real-time Performance,reduced outleadings , and easy to be extended or reformed,as well as easy to be installed, examined , repaired of maintained.


We present a 68 years old female case with an acute onset of cough and dyspnea associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia, with imaging studies showing posterobasal and apical consolidation of the right lung. The immunofluorescense (IF) of the nasopharyngeal aspirate was positive for an adenovirus and the lung biopsy revealed thickening of the alveolar septa accompanied by eosinophilia infiltration. The clinical course and the histopathological findings suggested an acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEN).


Introduction Feed constitute about 70-80 % of the total cost of livestock production (Kellems and Church, 2010), resulting in a growing demand for maize for both human and livestock consumption. This has pushed its market price to a high level thereby affecting the production of farm animals, particularly the non-ruminants. This also has pushed the market prices of livestock out of reach of the ordinary Nigerians. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternatives to maize in livestock feeds to reduce the current pressure on maize as a staple food for man (Uchegbu and Udedibie, 1998). One alternative feed ingredient that is receiving attention is the African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) pulp. The fruit pulp is obtained in large quantities from the African locust bean tree as a waste by-product in the processing of African Locust Bean seasoning called or . The fruit pulp is sweet to taste when ripe, which indicates the presence of natural sugar and thus a potential energy source (Uwaegbute, 1996). Hassan and Umar (2005) reported that the fruit pulp has poor amino acid content with a score of 1/8. Other authors revealed that the fruit pulp is used in the rural Africa during emergencies when grain stores are empty, which is an indication of its edibility and non-toxicity (Owoyele , 1987; Akoma 2001). The carbohydrate of the fruit was found to be 67.30 % (Gernah ., 2007) which is Dadawa Iru


ABSTRACT This research deals with a Web-GIS application to prevent nearshore damage from environmental disaster such as the Nakhodka oil spill, which occurred on January 2, 1997, in the Sea of Japa...


INTRODUCTION: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a critical lung disorder characterized by impairment of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. ARDS can lead to inflammation in the alveoli, and eventually to atelectasis (alveolar collapse) and gas exchange deficiency. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers with varying and fixed positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values have been devised to recruit collapsed alveoli and keep them open with the aid of mechanical ventilation. However the optimal strategy for the alveolar recruitment strategy is still uncertain. Various combinations of high/low tidal volume (TV) and higher-than-normal PEEP maneuvers have been proposed with different and sometimes contradictory results in terms of survival rate. Hyperpolarized (HP) gas MRI has the potential to noninvasively and quantitatively measure the dynamics of alveolar expansion and recruitment and assess the efficacy of the PEEP maneuvers to gain better understanding in this area of lung research. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were intubated and connected to a customdesigned small animal ventilator (SAV). The SAV is capable of delivering the breathing gas with an accuracy of ±100μL/breath and real-time monitoring of peak inspiration pressure (PIP). The rats breathed a mixture of He:O2 (4:1) at 60 BPM with I:E=1:2 at a TV=3⁄4FRC as measured with a rodent plethysmography spirometry system. The PEEP was applied by submerging the SAV exhale line in a graduated water column. For imaging, rats were ventilated with five identical breaths of HP He:O2 (4:1) followed by a 3-s breath-hold – either at end-inhale (EI) or end-exhale (EE) – during which ADC He images (Figure 2) were acquired using a double acquisition diffusion-weighted gradient echo imaging pulse sequence in a 50-cm bore 4.7-T MRI scanner (Varian, Inc.) equipped with 12-cm, 25-G/cm gradients and a 2-3/4"-ID quadrature 8-leg birdcage body coil (Stark Contrast). Imaging parameters were as following: diffusion time Δ=1ms along phase encoding direction, b-values = 0.00, 3.73, 2.18, 1.00 and 0.00 s/cm, FOV=6cm, ST=6mm, MS=64×64 and α=5°. The PEEP value was varied between 0 (black) and 12 cm H2O (red) as shown in Figure 3.


The N and C termini of CENP-T undergo tension-dependent separation, suggesting that CENP-T elongation is responsible for changes in the shape of the inner kinetochore.


We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus aleurophyllus (Eriocaulaceae, Paepalanthoideae). The species is narrowly distributed, restricted to the Pico do Itambe in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Detailed comparisons are made with P. diplobetor and P. ciliolatus. Paepalanthus aleurophyllus is distinguished by its densely ciliated leaves with dolabriform to fusiform trichomes in the adaxial leaf surface, conspicuous venation on the abaxial leaf surface, trichomes between the scape ribs, general habit, and other floral features. We provide detailed line drawings and commentaries on distribution, ecology, and conservation.


As an important interactive service,the electronic program guide produces a great effect on the function and performance of a STB.So a high efficiency EPG system for digital TV STB is expounded.During the receiving process of PSI/SI information,change the order of receiving EPG table,for the fact that there are multitudinous section in EIT table,a section splicing method is designed so that sections is gotten and spliced randomly,completely and quickly.During the storage process,the storage project which adopts de-ndriform chain structure store the relevant information in the same level.This storage project facilitate searching PSI/ SI information.The system realizes the quick and intuitionistic display of program information.


The paper describes actual Federal Reserve interest-rate targeting procedures and addresses a number of issues in light of these stylized facts. It reviews the connection between rate smoothing and price level trend-stationarity. It critiques interest-rate targeting as inflation tax smoothing. It argues that stabilization policy implemented by interest-rate targeting may inadvertently induce martingale-like behavior in nominal rates and inflation. The paper explains why central bankers prefere continuity of the short rate and indirect rate targeting. Lastly, it surveys empirical evidence of the Fed's influence over short-term interest rates. (JEL: 311)


Based on the data collected from the conversations in three American TV plays, this paper analyzes the linguistic phenomenon of deliberate misinterpretation in English daily conversations in terms of its communicative functions. Deliberate misinterpretation is a pragmatic strategy chosen by Speaker Two (S2) impelled by certain communicative needs and the strategy will perform certain communicative functions. This study discusses the specific communicative functions DMI performs in interaction. Three categories of communicative functions are analyzed: improving interpersonal relationship, manipulating information, and creating special communicative effects. This is the first study carried out specifically on the linguistic phenomenon of DMI in English daily conversations in terms of its communicative functions. Light may be shed on English teaching and learning, TV talk shows, courtroom languages and debates.