To understand how the human brain works, neuroscientists heavily rely on brain simulations which incorporate the concept of time to their operating model. In the simulations, neurons transmit their signals through synapses whose weights change over time and by the activity of the associated neurons. Such changes in synaptic weights, known as learning, are thought to contribute to memory, and various learning rules exist to model different behaviors of the human brain. Due to the diverse neurons and learning rules, neuroscientists perform the simulations using highly programmable general-purpose processors. Unfortunately, the processors greatly suffer from the high computational overheads of the learning rules. As an alternative, brain simulation accelerators achieve orders of magnitude higher performance; however, they have limited flexibility and cannot support the diverse neurons and learning rules. In this paper, we present FlexLearn, a flexible on-chip learning engine to enable fast and highly efficient brain simulations. FlexLearn achieves high flexibility by supporting diverse biologically plausible sub-rules which can be combined to simulate various target learning rules. To design FlexLearn, we first identify 17 representative sub-rules which adjust the synaptic weights in different manners. Then, we design and compact the specialized datapaths for the sub-rules and identify dependencies between them to maximize parallelism. After that, we present an example flexible brain simulation processor by integrating the datapaths with the state-of-the-art flexible digital neuron and existing accelerator to support end-to-end simulations. Our evaluation using a 45-nm cell library shows that the 128-core brain simulation processor prototype with FlexLearn greatly improves the harmonic mean per-area performance and the energy efficiency by 30.07× and 126.87×, respectively, over the server-class CPU. The prototype also achieves the harmonic mean per-area speedup of 1.41× over the current state-of-the-art 128-core accelerator which supports programmable learning rules.


For the loan of the material which made this study possible I am deeply indebted to Prof. N. Banks of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, to Dr. C. E. Palm and Dr. H. Dietrich of Cornell University, and to Dr. A. B. Gurney of the United States National Museum. Their kindly cooperation and the wealth of help and advice received from Dr. C. P. Alexander and Dr. G. C. Crampton of this department have made this project both interesting and profitable. Isogenus was erected as a genus by Newman in 1833. In 1904 Klapalek split off the subgenus Dictyogenus on the basis of an apical network of crossveins of the wings. In 1912 he erected Isogenoides as a subgenus of Isogenus to receive some North American species with a "nail" on the posterior ventral margin of the seventh abdominal segment of the male. A reanalysis of these groups shows that Dictyogenus, like other Perlodid genera based on very superficial and highly variable wing venational characters, is not valid. The few individuals at hand show, as would be expected in the Perlodidae, that the number and position of apical crossveins varies to such a great extent that intermediates are numerous and the character cannot be used to define Dictyogenus. In addition, thoracic sclerites, mouthparts, and other head structures of Dictyogenus and Isogenus are identical and the genitalia also are of a single type. Isogenoides, however, exhibits some very fundamental differences. In the thoracic sternum of this group are generic characters which are even more distinct and unique than those found bv Klapalek in the genitalia. On the basis of these discoveries I am here synonymizing Dictyogenus under Isogenus; and to give Isogenoides its justified equal standing with related groups I am raising it to generic rank. Isogenus seems to be represented in North America by numerous species, placed in the literature in the genus Perla. Of Isogenoides there are a half dozen North American species known to me. Not a single one of these species, however, has been placed in its proper genus since the original work of Klapalek (1912). Needham and Claassen in their monograph placed them in Isogenus; Banks placed some in Perla; and Frison placed one in Hydroperla. More species of Isogenoides than are discussed here may eventually be recognized as already described and improperly placed in other genera of Plecoptera.


The mechanisms by which Trpm2 channels enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and protect against oxidative stress‐induced cardiac injury remain unclear. Here, the role of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in Trpm2 signaling is explored. Activation of Trpm2 in adult myocytes with H2O2 resulted in 10‐ to 21‐fold increases in Pyk2 phosphorylation in wild‐type (WT) myocytes which was significantly lower (~40%) in Trpm2 knockout (KO) myocytes. Pyk2 phosphorylation was inhibited (~54%) by the Trpm2 blocker clotrimazole. Buffering Trpm2‐mediated Ca2+ increase with 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) resulted in significantly reduced pPyk2 in WT but not in KO myocytes, indicating Ca2+ influx through activated Trpm2 channels phosphorylated Pyk2. Part of phosphorylated Pyk2 translocated from cytosol to mitochondria which has been previously shown to augment mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and enhance adenosine triphosphate generation. Although Trpm2‐mediated Ca2+ influx phosphorylated Ca2+‐calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 did not significantly affect Pyk2 phosphorylation in H2O2‐treated WT myocytes. After ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), Pyk2 phosphorylation and its downstream prosurvival signaling molecules (pERK1/2 and pAkt) were significantly lower in KO‐I/R when compared with WT‐I/R hearts. After hypoxia/reoxygenation, mitochondrial membrane potential was lower and superoxide level was higher in KO myocytes, and were restored to WT values by the mitochondria‐targeted superoxide scavenger MitoTempo. Our results suggested that Ca2+ influx via tonically activated Trpm2 phosphorylated Pyk2, part of which translocated to mitochondria, resulting in better mitochondrial bioenergetics to maintain cardiac health. After I/R, Pyk2 activated prosurvival signaling molecules and prevented excessive increases in reactive oxygen species, thereby affording protection from I/R injury.


The absorption of naproxen in a new controlled‐release (CR) formulation (1000 mg tablet) was studied in fasting and postprandial volunteers. The total area under the plasma concentration‐time curve averaged 2221 μg · hr/mL in fasting participants and 2111 μg · hr/mL in postprandial participants; whereas the difference was statistically significant (P = .025), the 95% confidence intervals indicated equivalent values. The peak plasma concentration was lower in the fasting state (63.1 μg/mL) than in the fed state (86.1 μg/mL) (P = .0001). There were no statistically significant differences between fasting versus postprandial values for the mean absorption time (9.7 hr vs. 7.7 hr) or plasma half‐life (17.3 hr vs. 17.6 hr). Hence, the rate and extent of absorption of CR naproxen was not substantially altered by the ingestion of food.


In Western Australia, the Department of Water determines the water sharing arrangement in surface water systems. The Department does this by defining the sustainable yield of individual catchments. The sustainable yield is the maximum quantity of water available for extraction from a surface water resource after environmental water provisions have been set. Currently the Department of Water uses a regional model to estimate annual sustainable yields in south-west Western Australia. This paper describes a more defensible process for defining sustainable limits on diversions from unregulated catchments in this region during the winter-fill period. A study team was assembled to help develop the recommendations, the objective being to define a sustainable diversion limit (SDL) beyond which there is an unacceptable risk that additional extractions would degrade the environment. The team was comprised of researchers and practitioners with knowledge of stream ecology, water quality, hydrology, wetlands, and catchment management. SDLs were developed by trialling various rules on streamflow data obtained for 142 gauged sites from across south-west Western Australia. The suitability of different rules was tested by investigating their impacts on diversion volumes and a range of hydrologic criteria across all parts of the study area. Particular attention was given to investigating the impacts of diversions during drought periods. A similar process was applied to develop the SDLs for Victoria in 2001-2002. Four rules were used to define SDLs: the period over which extractions are allowed, the minimum flow threshold below which extractions should cease, a maximum extraction rate, and an annual (licensed) volume associated with a specified reliability of supply. This paper describes the SDL rules adopted for south-west Western Australia, and compares the resulting distribution of SDLs to those derived for Victoria's gauged catchments.


Many modern large-scale and distributed optimization problems can be cast into a form in which the objective function is a sum of a smooth term and a nonsmooth regularizer. Such problems can be solved via a proximal gradient method which generalizes standard gradient descent to a nonsmooth setup. In this paper, we leverage the tools from control theory to study global convergence of proximal gradient flow algorithms. We utilize the fact that the proximal gradient algorithm can be interpreted as a variable-metric gradient method on the forward-backward envelope. This continuously differentiable function can be obtained from the augmented Lagrangian associated with the original nonsmooth problem and it enjoys a number of favorable properties. We prove that global exponential convergence can be achieved even in the absence of strong convexity. Moreover, for in-network optimization problems, we provide a distributed implementation of the gradient flow dynamics based on the proximal augmented Lagrangian and prove global exponential stability for strongly convex problems.


In organic apple growing the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) is still an unsolved
problem. Various approaches to use beneficial insects were not really effective. Only
winter treatments with mineral oils showed partial and fluctuating success.
In 2006 and 2007 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of winter treatments
to control woolly apple aphids. The efficacy of several products (different mineral oils, lime
sulphur, and lime sulphur + mineral oil) was tested in comparison to an untreated control,
and possible side effects on the population of predatory mites were investigated. The
study furthermore aimed at establishing the best timing of the application against the target
pest.


The purpose of this paper is to design and implement the remote control lab using PDA (personal digital assistant). This system integrates different fields of technology. They are Internet control, mobile control, and e-learning. We expend the e-learning to m-learning (mobile-learning). The wired control becomes wireless control. Thus, the teaching is not limited by time and location, and teaching resources and equipments can be integrated and shared, so the safety events can be monitored and handled in time. We provide an environment to train students to handle factory automation, data acquisition, data management, and manufacturing process using mobile devices. In addition, we also emphasize the integration and sharing of teaching equipments via Internet and provide an environment which promotes learning interests and efficiency by using mobile devices via Internet.


Research faces the study of evolution process affecting building of first decades of XX century; such building where characterised by transition from old and reliable construction techniques -the art of building, codified in theoretical treatises between humanistic and scientific knowledgeto new and experimental, for that age, material s and building systems -explained in friendly handbooks aimed to divulgation of technical innovations and to practice education of professionals, master builders and students. The age is marked by a wide interest toward new materials and new construction techniques culture for which there is a sure trust in their usability and durability in the time. For these reasons, a gradual and continuous process of contemporary use and/or substitution of traditional construction material s and techniques with modern ones took place (from use of simple and cast iron to more flexible concrete, iron reinforced or not); such process progressively involved even common buildings such as residential ones when such materials and techniques went into market marked by features of higher economy in terms of time and costs. In particular, the research highlights materialtechnical-technological evolution path generated by gradual introduction of new materials and substitution of single elements of building first -flat arches, arches and ceilings with iron and/or concrete/ti le structures-, then of whole parts -stairs, vertical backbone and transversal frames with beams G. De Tommasi F. Fatiguso


Thank you for downloading identification of plant viruses methods and experiments. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this identification of plant viruses methods and experiments, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


Multiplication via impact ionization of secondary carriers in interband ionization avalanche photodiodes results in significant degradation of the excess noise factor and bandwidth of the device. Alternatively, solid state photomultipliers which exploit impact ionization out of confined quantum states offer ultralow noise and high speed performance since they operate as unipolar devices thereby avoiding the occurrence of secondary ionization. As a consequence, much lower noise and high speed performance is anticipated in these devices. We present calculations of the gain, dark current, and gain to dark current ratio in confined quantum state photomultipliers made from the GaAs/AlGaAs material system. Our model calculations are based on the average ionization rate calculated from the quantum mechanical transition rate assuming a drifted Maxwellian initial carrier distribution. It is found that the highest gain at lowest dark current is achieved in an asymmetric quantum well structure in which the second barrier height is half as large as the initial barrier height.


is induced by an imposed clectric current, and the electric current are applied on electrically conducting materials such as molten metals, electrolytes and plasmas. Thus, it turns out that the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomenahave been seen in metallurgical processes using electric current. However, metallurgical engineers were almost unconscious of making use of MHDphenomena the late years of 1970s. There is an endorsementto indicate that the study of magnetohydrodynamicsmust be fruitful in electromagnetic processing ofmaterials as well as it has been useful in the original fields of astrophysics and plasma physics. It is because liquid metal is a typical electromagnetic material and the vast knowledgeof MHD which has been accumulated in fusion research and the field of astrophysics over a long period has a high potential to solve metallurgical problems. As the first step, a research organization (MADYLAM)was established at 1978 in France, which can be appreciated as a foresighted one. And then a Symposiumof IUTAM(The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics) titled on " Metallurgical Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics" at Cambridge, UK, 1982.1) This timely event stimulated a few metallurgists to recognize the importance of MHDand wasa good warning to the metal societies in the world. Especially in Japan, the Steelmaking Investigative Subcommitteeof ResearchPlanning Committee in the ISIJ (The lron and Steel Institute ofJapan) disc.ussed the application of MHD to metallurgy and selected it as one ofthe four major innovative subjects for future steelmaking technology in Japan. Indeed, the term of (' Electromagnetic Metallurgy " itself was firstly coined by this subcommittee. Uponthe request of a report2) from the subcommittec, the ISIJ has established a committee on


In order to utilize the microwave technology in regular practical classes for the degree and postgraduate students, a procedure has been developed for the determination of saponification value of several oils and surfactants under microwave conditions. The conventional Pharmacopoeial procedure involves thirty minutes heating of the reaction mixture. Under microwave conditions, the reaction was completed at five minutes and similar results were obtained. The present method is rapid, simple and accurate for the determination of a large number of samples and can be used for the routine analysis of oils and surfactants.


Objective To explore the incidence,risk factors and prognosis of acute stroke complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(UGH).Methods By investigating the clinical data of 193 cases of acute stroke in hospital,we analyzed such aspects as age,gender,the type of stroke and GCS score.Results There were 25(13.0%)cases of ACS patients complicated with UGH in 193 cases of ACS.The gender has no significant difference(P0.05),but the age≥65,hemorrhagic stroke and brain injury in severe case(GCS 3~8 points)were had higher incidence rates than those in the corresponding group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion ACS complicated with UGH is correlated with the age,type of stroke and the degree of brain injury.


The main problem of this research is the learning of Al-Quran education in Elementary Schools which only uses conventional media, and the lack of varied use of media. This results in a lack of interest and interaction of students in following the learning process. The purpose of this research is to produce a valid and practical learning media. This research uses a development research method that is a process or steps to develop a new product or improve existing products, which can be accounted for. The research development design and procedures used are 4-D models, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. This research did not carry out the disseminate stage. The research instrument used questionnaire validation sheets and response questionnaires. Based on the results of research that has been done, categorized games are very valid with a percentage value of 93.75% and practical with an index value of 92%. It can be concluded that this game can be used as a learning medium for Al-Quran Education and help students understand the material of the letters ahkamul.


Objective
To study the effect of Corylin on A375 cells melanin synthesis,and explore its mechanism.

Methods
The cells were randomly divided into the control group, the estradiol group, and corylin group including 10-3 μmol/L, 10-2 μmol/L, 10-1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L. Estradiol estradiol intervention group were given 10-3 mol/L. Corylin group (10-3 μmol/L, 10-2 μmol/L, 10-1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L,100 μmol/L) were given 10-3 μmol/L, 10-2 μmol/L, 10-1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L corylin intervention. The activity of proliferation were detected by MTT, NaOH method, dopa oxidation , both melanin content and tyrosinase activity (tyrosinase, TYR). TYR, yrosinase related protein (tyrosinase related protein, TRP)-1 and TRP-2 expression levels of mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.

Results
Compared with the control group, 10, 100 μmol/L of Corylin group cell proliferation rate significantly decreased (P<0.01). The 1 μmol/L, 10-1 μmol/L, 10-2 μmol/L of Corylin group cell melanin content, TYR significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The 1 μmol/L corylin group TYR (0.303 ± 0.003 vs. 0.628 ± 0.012), TRP-1 (0.313 ± 0.008 vs. 0.677 ± 0.022), TRP-2 (0.456 ± 0.028 vs. 0.687 ± 0.020) mRNA expression level significantly decrease (P<0.01).

Conclusions
The results showed that Corylin could inhibit melanin synthesis, which worked probably through inhibiting the activity of TYR and cutting the mRNA expressions of TYR,TRP-1/2.

Key words:
Psoralea corylifolia; Isoflavones; Melanins; Monophenol monooxygenase


Introduction. The method of applying the factor of short period delay initiation in rock blasting and its effectiveness can be substantiated by the technical possibility of applying it for both conventional inter-row and current downhole delay intervals. The state of the art in blasting has made it possible to implement the technology of a short period delay. So it is rather relevant and extremely difficult to study of the technology's aspects in full-scale production conditions. Methodology. This work analyzes the options for rock blasting and blasthole charges designs in order to find out how to implement them in a new and more effective way in modern conditions. A well-known method has been chosen, which combines the rock blasting method and the unconventional design of the blasthole charge. It is used as an example to demonstrate the possibility of expanding the practical range of the selected charge placement schemes. This work has been the first to introduce a hypothesis on the possibility of achieving the same effect in two different designs of blasthole charges, but "acting" in almost the same range of short period delay (SPD) use. The fact is that "vertical" distances between downhole short-delay detonators in a conventional blasthole charge (in this case, a single charge) and "horizontal" distances between parallel converged wells of a beam are almost the same. In this regard, it has become possible to focus not on its "internal" content on the "external" one and explain the features of these mechanisms by means of computer simulation. Due to the apparent specific character of conducting a blast in production conditions and intricate experimental observation, this approach is more realizable in practice and the only possible one. 12 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 6. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Results. It is proposed to test various methods of blasting (detonation) based on the idea of replacing (transforming, transferring) the explosion action of detonators ( ≥ 1) in a single well charge (conventionally large diameter) with the detonation of ( ≥ 1) lines of a beam of converged borehole charges of the corresponding small diameter. As soon as the number of beam charge design options increases, the range of research options that can lead to the results with improved quality expands significantly. To achieve this goal, the action of various configurations of charges with in-line short period delay blasting in a beam was studied. It should make it possible to come up to some recommendations for blast control. Summary. On the one hand, the proposed blast patterns show the technological departure from the traditional circular shape of the blast wave, on the other hand, they allow using the effect found in the course of numerical experiment for various purposes, in particular, to ensure blasting effect on (interaction with) design features of various mining methods and production systems in complex geomechanical environment


Mr. Atef Ali spent 40 years, experience working in Malarial
field. He has got the chance to work in both malaria laboratory


Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HP AI) is one of the most important zoonoses in the around of world. That occurred in the domestic ducks of 34 olds day in Jeonbuk of Korea on April 2008. All of infected ducks were died. We could found several clinical signs such as facial swelling with cloudy eyes, conjunctivitis, and neurological sign. In the autopsy, moderate congestion in the kidney, multifocal hemorrhagic foci in pancreas, and mild swelling in brain were observed. Gliosis in brain and severe congestion in kidney were also shown in histopathological findings. Specific band for H5 antibody was detected in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


Upon the advent of the emerging metaverse and its related applications in Augmented Reality (AR), the current bit-oriented network struggles to support real-time changes for the vast amount of associated information, hindering its development. Thus, a critical revolution in the Sixth Generation (6G) networks is envisioned through the joint exploitation of information context and its importance to the task, leading to a communication paradigm shift towards semantic and effectiveness levels. However, current research has not yet proposed any explicit and systematic communication framework for AR applications that incorporate these two levels. To fill this research gap, this paper presents a task-oriented and semantics-aware communication framework for augmented reality (TSAR) to enhance communication efficiency and effectiveness in 6G. Specifically, we first analyse the traditional wireless AR point cloud communication framework and then summarize our proposed semantic information along with the end-to-end wireless communication. We then detail the design blocks of the TSAR framework, covering both semantic and effectiveness levels. Finally, numerous experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that, compared to the traditional point cloud communication framework, our proposed TSAR significantly reduces wireless AR application transmission latency by 95.6%, while improving communication effectiveness in geometry and color aspects by up to 82.4% and 20.4%, respectively.


BACKGROUND: Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways often characterized by eosinophils and elevated exhaled nitric oxide. Respiratory viruses exacerbate asthma and are detected in airways by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Airway eosinophilia reduces virus titers in mouse lungs suggesting eosinophils have antiviral effects. However, the mechanisms responsible for eosinophil antiviral activity remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nitric oxide from human eosinophils inhibits parainfluenza virus 1 infection. METHODS: Human eosinophils isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were inoculated with parainfluenza and evaluated for infectivity by hemadsorption assay. Nitric oxide was measured with the nitric oxide-detecting fluorophore CuFL using confocal microscopy. Some cultures were treated with interferon-gamma, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), TLR7 agonist (R837) or with TLR7 antagonist (IRS661). TLR7 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Eosinophils reduced parainfluenza virus titers. Eosinophils produced nitric oxide when exposed to virus and this was blocked by L-NAME. Furthermore, eosinophils9 antiviral effect was reduced when nitric oxide production was blocked. Similarly, eosinophils produced nitric oxide in response to the TLR7 agonist R837, and this effect was blocked by L-NAME and by TLR7 antagonist IRS661. Interferon-gamma upregulated TLR7 expression and potentiated TLR7-induced nitric oxide production in eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophils produce nitric oxide in response to parainfluenza virus and TLR7 agonist. Eosinophil-derived nitric oxide is antiviral against parainfluenza.


In this paper, we propose a current waveform estimation algorithm for signal lines without the necessity of SPICE simulation. Unlike previous methods, we do not use function fitting or compute the effective capacitance. Instead, the proposed algorithm predicts the current waveform by using current responses of a driver for multiple fixed capacitances provided by the foundry. We demonstrate usefulness of the proposed method for evaluating electromigration reliability of signal lines. Experimental results indicate excellent accuracy and run times as compared to the golden results obtained from SPICE.


The increasing rate of sea level rise (SLR) poses a major threat to coastal lands and natural resources, especially affecting natural preserves and protected areas along the coast. These impacts are likely to exacerbate when combined with storm surges. It is also expected that SLR will cause spatial reduction and migration of coastal wetland and marsh ecosystems, which are common in the natural preserves. This study evaluates the potential impacts of SLR and marsh migration on the hydrodynamics and waves conditions inside natural protected areas during storm surge. The study focused on four protected areas located in different areas of the Chesapeake Bay representing different hydrodynamic regimes. Historical and synthetic storms are simulated using a coupled storm surge (ADCIRC) and wave (SWAN) model for the Bay region for current condition and future scenarios. The future scenarios include different rates of local SLR projections (0.48 m, 0.97 m, 1.68 m, and 2.31 m) and potential land use changes due to SLR driven marsh migration, which is discretized in the selected preserve areas in a coarse scale. The results showed a linear increase of maximum water depth with respect to SLR inside the protected areas. However, the inundation extent, the maximum wave heights, and the current velocities inside the coastal protected areas showed a non-linear relationship with SLR, indicating that the combined impacts of storm surge, SLR, and marsh migration depend on multiple factors such as storm track, intensity, local topography, and locations of coastal protected areas. Furthermore, the impacts of SLR were significantly greater after a 1 m threshold of rise, suggesting the presence of a critical limit for conservation strategies.


Several ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from D. busckii were cloned and characterized. The prominent repeat classes have lengths of 12·8 and 13·6 kb and lack 28S introns. rRNA genes were cloned containing 28S insertions which exhibit heterogeneity in size and sequence. The non-transcribed spacer (NTS) contains two regions composed of different repeated sequences that exhibit pronounced instability in HB 101. NTS region II, centrally located within the NTS, contains predominately 11 or 16 Hin cII generated 160 bp repeats. NTS region III, next to the 18S gene, contains repeats that are variable in number, and are either heterogeneous in length or are dispersed within unique sequences. The organization and composition of the rRNA gene NTS of D. busckii is different in comparison to the NTSs of other drosophilids. In addition, the pronounced instability of two different NTS regions is unique in comparison to all other cloned rRNA genes.


Seabirds in the Canadian Arctic congregate in large colonies, producing oases of biological productivity and diversity in coastal regions. Here, we examined sterols, stanols, and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) in three 14C-dated pond sediment cores near a large seabird colony and archaeological site on Devon Island (Nunavut, Canada), showing historical occupation by the seabirds and an ancient human (Thule or Norse) settlement over an ∼1100 yr time period. Coprostanol in the sediment records captures the presence of humans at ca. 1150 CE, followed by their abandonment of the site by ca. 1300 CE. Increased seabird presence at this site after ca.1200 CE is indicated by increases in δ15N and cholesterol/sitosterol. Seabird population expansion is observed after ca. 1600 CE in δ15N and cholesterol/sitosterol profiles, coinciding with European whaling activities that expanded in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Our study provides insights into human and seabird occupation in the High Arctic to inform archaeological and conservation efforts.


Lung ultrasound (LUS) represents an important tool to evaluate the state of lung surface. However, LUS is limited to the visual evaluation of imaging artifacts, especially the vertical ones that correlate with pathologies characterized by a reduction of air-spaces (alveoli) dimensions. In contrast, in other pathologies (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) an enlargement of the air-spaces may occur. This causes the lung surface to behave essentially as a perfect reflector, not allowing ultrasound penetration. As air-spaces of different sizes can generate different levels of roughness at the lung surface, the estimation of roughness could provide a way to characterize the state of lung surface. In this in silico study, we present a multi-frequency quantitative approach aiming at estimating the lung surface's roughness by measuring the image intensity variation along the lung surface as a function of frequency.


Background: TB cases in Indonesia reached 845,000 people, of which only 69% were identified, meaning cases that have not been found have the potential for transmission. The main source of transmission is positive smear TB patients; Family members are the group most susceptible to infection. Low knowledge about TB has various impacts, namely: the belief that pulmonary TB is a hereditary disease, not an infectious disease. As a result, sufferers and their families live with risky habits (sleeping with sufferers, coughing without covering their mouths, not wearing masks, throwing phlegm anywhere). Poor knowledge results in delays in patient treatment thereby increasing the risk of transmission. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary TB health education on knowledge of prevention of pulmonary TB transmission. Methodology: The research design used a sequential explanatory mixed method. A total of 260 respondents were involved in this study, divided into two experimental and control groups. Health education interventions were given to the experimental group, while the control group was only given leaflets containing information about TB. Results: The average knowledge after the intervention showed that the experimental group had a higher level of knowledge than the control group. The statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge after the study was conducted on the control group and the experimental group (p = 0.000). The increase in knowledge of the experimental group was higher than the control group, this indicates that health education is effective in increasing knowledge about pulmonary TB in families. Conclusion: Health education that is carried out in a structured manner involving the active role of the family is effective in increasing knowledge about prevention of pulmonary TB transmission.


Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece of William Golding.In his work,Golding explored the serious and eternal theme-the good and evil in human nature with perspicuity of realistic narrative art.He tried to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature.Therefore he presented a grim view of the humanity and attacked fiercely the inherent illness of human nature.The paper focused its attention on the identifications and interpretations of the beast in Lord of the Flies aiming to have an incisive understanding of the theme of this classic.


Objectives This study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV), and to assess the association with food insecurity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behaviours in Uganda in the year preceding COVID-19-associated lockdowns. Design Population-based, cross-sectional household survey. Setting Urban, semiurban and rural communities of the Wakiso and Hoima districts in Uganda. Participants A total of N=2014 males aged 13–80 years participated in the survey. The current study included males who reported having ever been in a sexual union and responded to the IPV questions (N=1314). Measures Data were collected face-to-face from May 2018 to July 2019 using an interviewer-mediated questionnaire. Lifetime IPV perpetration was measured as 'no physical and/or sexual IPV', 'physical' versus 'sexual violence only', and 'physical and sexual violence'. Past-year food insecurity was measured through the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and categorised into 'none', 'low' and 'high'. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the crude and adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) of IPV perpetration in relation to self-reported food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic and health risk behaviours. Results The prevalence of self-reported lifetime IPV perpetration was 14.6% for physical and 6.5% for sexual violence, while 5.3% reported to have perpetrated both physical and sexual IPV. Most (75.7%) males reported no food insecurity, followed by low (20.7%) and high (3.6%) food insecurity. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with increased risk of having perpetrated both physical and sexual violence (aRRR=2.57, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.32). IPV perpetration was also independently associated with having had more than one lifetime sexual partner and drinking alcohol, but not with education level or religion. Conclusion This study suggests that food insecurity is associated with male IPV perpetration, and more efforts are needed to prevent and mitigate the expected worsening of this situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.


A series of novel coumarin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized in good yield via click chemistry using Cu(I) catalyzed intermolecular Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. All the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically. This piece of work could be helpful to develop biologically relevant coumarin analogs.


Brazil is notable for its anti-smoking measures, which have contributed to a decrease in the prevalence of smoking among Brazilians in recent decades. However, despite efforts to control tobacco use in the country, lung cancer has a long latency period, which affects the associated incidence and mortality rates.(3) Malta et al.(4) demonstrated a slight decrease in the lung cancer mortality rate among men in Brazil between 1996 and 2011, no such decrease having yet been observed among women in the country.


Copper has an important role in cancer growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that cell-permeable metal ligands, including clioquinol (CQ) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, inhibit cancer cell growth in cell culture and in vivo. The mechanism of action has not been fully determined but may involve metal-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proteasome activity. However, these studies do not fully account for the ability of cell-permeable metal ligands to inhibit cancer cell growth without affecting normal cells. In this study, we examined the effect of CQ on macrophage-mediated inhibition of HeLa cancer cell growth in vitro. When CQ was added to RAW 264.7 macrophage-HeLa cell cocultures, a substantial increase in HeLa cell toxicity was observed compared with CQ treatment of HeLa cells cultured alone. Transfer of conditioned medium from CQ-treated macrophages to HeLa cells also induced HeLa cell toxicity, demonstrating the role of secreted factors in the macrophage-mediated effect. Further investigation revealed that CQ induced copper-dependent activation of macrophages and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α.In studies with recombinant TNFα, we showed that the level of TNFα released by CQ-treated macrophages was sufficient to induce HeLa cell toxicity. Moreover, the toxic effect of conditioned medium from CQ-treated macrophages could be prevented by addition of neutralizing antibodies to TNFα. These studies demonstrate that CQ can induce cancer cell toxicity through metal-dependent release of TNFα from macrophages. Our results may help to explain the targeted inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by CQ.


ABSTRACT

This paper aims to verify the obligation of parents to provide maintenance to underage children after the removal of family power, as well as the hypotheses that give rise to this obligation. For that, the deductive approach method was used, starting from a universal proposition, that is, analysis of the articles of the Civil Code and Statute of the Child and Adolescent that deal with the dismissal / loss of family power, with the purpose of reaching to a specific conclusion, namely whether parents are required to contribute to the support of their minor children after the judicial decree of loss of family power. The procedure performed was the bibliographic and documentary, through research in books articles, law text and judged. As for the level of research this was done in exploratory form through documentary and bibliographic survey. Given the exploratory nature of the research, the approach remained qualitative, because through a set of ideas it was sought to create research questions in order to establish an analysis reasoning, as well as to establish important conclusions for the proposed theme. Through this work, we aimed to study the institute of family law, seeking to draw brief considerations about its constitutional evolution, basic principles, as well as the forms of constitution. Afterwards, we sought to study briefly about the right to food and the obligation to eat, as well as the family power institute. Finally, when studying the doctrine and jurisprudence that deal with the subject, it was found that the understanding is that parents without family power remain obliged to provide food to underage children.

Keywords: Family. Family power. Foods


The second phase of this study involves structured interviews with ten "cultural creatives." Potential informants are being approached outside stores where organic foods are sold, and screened using Ray's criteria. Demographic diversity is being sought for a theoretical purposive sample with maximum variation. Each interview begins with a written media habits questionnaire, addressing each media type, including new forms such as podcasting and online communities. Each of the four research questions guides a section of the interview, following McCracken (1988). In the final section, informants are asked to imagine a marketing environment consistent with their values and needs as consumers. They are then asked to compare this projected scenario with marketing resources currently available. Analysis is concurrent with data collection.


Objective:To evaluate the role of effector T cells(Th1,Th2 and Th17 cells) in hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty-five hypertensive patients were divided into two groups by B-mode ultrasound inspection:group one consisting of 20 cases with carotid atherosclerosis(CA),and group two consisting of 25 cases without carotid atherosclerosis(EH).The control group consists of 20 health subjects without carotid atherosclerosis.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected in a fasting state.The frequencies of Th1,Th2 and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The levels of plasma angiotensin II were measured by radioimmunoassay and IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA.Moreover,quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to explore the mRNA expression of T-bet、GATA3 and RORγt.Results:Compared with these in EH and Control,the frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells in CA were significantly increased,companied with a up-regulated expression of T-bet and RORγt mRNA and a higher level of IFN-γ and IL-17.However,there was no significant difference in Th2 cells,GATA3 mRNA and IL-4 levels among these three groups.Moreover,Th1,Th17 cells,T-bet and RORγt mRNA and levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were no significant change in EH and control.Conclusion:Results collectively suggest that the changes of Th1 and Th17 cells in hypertensive patients probably contribute to the development of carotid atherosclerosis.


Although the exact etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains elusive, B‐cell hyperactivity and production of autoantibodies directed to components of the cell nucleus are a well‐established pathogenetic mechanism of the disease. Therefore, the targeted inhibition of DNA‐specific B cells is a logical therapeutic approach. The complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) has been shown to suppress human B‐cell activation and proliferation after co‐cross‐linking with the BCR, and may serve as a mediator for negative signal delivery. In order to evaluate this therapeutic approach in a human‐like system, we used immune‐restricted SCID mice transferred with PBMCs from SLE patients. The tolerance of these humanized SCID mice to native DNA was re‐established after administration of a chimeric molecule consisting of a CR1‐specific mAb coupled to the decapeptide DWEYSVWLSN that mimics dsDNA. The generated protein‐engineered chimera was able to co‐cross‐link selectively native DNA‐specific BCR with the B‐cell inhibitory receptor CR1, thus delivering a strong inhibitory signal.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay can effectively improve the coverage and performance of land communications, which makes it prospective to be deployed in various applications. However, there exist some practical challenges we have to face in UAV-enabled communication system designing, such as secrecy and wiretapping threats due to the air-to-ground line-of-sight communication link, and energy consumption issues because of the limitation in energy-constraint. To deal with these two key issues, we develop a novel UAV swarm assisted multi-hop mobile relay system which can be applied in special scenarios with severe blockage or long distance to enhance communication performance. An effective cooperative transmission scheme is proposed to address the security issues in a physical layer security perspective, where several UAVs serve as multi-hop relays forwarding information between ground users and the other UAVs are employed as friendly jammers confusing the ground eavesdroppers. The minimum secrecy energy efficiency (MSEE), namely the minimum achievable secrecy rate per energy consumption unit over legitimate links, is designed as the performance indicator to quantify the secure and energy-efficient transmission. Subject to information-causality, transmit power, and mobility constraints, the UAV swarm assisted MSEE maximization transmission scheme is formulated into a complicated non-convex problem. To solve the non-convex fractional optimization problem, we decouple the original problem into sub-problems and further propose an efficient algorithm by applying the block coordinate descent method, successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques, and Dinkelbach method. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves considerable performance enhancement on MSEE compared with benchmark schemes.


The reason why the formation of poetic image of Chinese ancient mountain-water poetry is made perfect in Tang Dynasty is that the mountain-water poets of Tang Dynasty,in their creation,generally adopt the ways of "creating a poem and forming the image at the sight of real sceneries",which refers to the way of creating when the landscape is really presented in front of them."Instant aesthetic invigoration" will combine the poets' feelings with the sceneries in the face of them to form a perfect system and help the poets to grasp the overall and real perceptual existence of the matter by their instant intuition.Thus they will create a clear artistic conception in their poems.


This paper analyzes and transforms the trouble of the main hydraulic system for cast machine.Meanwhile,it also proposes the point we should care about of maintaining the hydraulic system.The conclusion is pretty meaningful for the design of system and maintenance.


Abstract Some new criteria for oscillation results are obtained for the first order superlinear delay dynamic equations with and without maxima. Our results can be applied to some oscillation problems that were not studied before, we also give examples to clear our results.


Machine translation performance has advanced substantially in the past 6 years. The appearance of RNNs marked the beginning of a rapid progression of architectural advances that included Attention, Convolutional Networks, and, most recently, Transformers. Besides major architectural changes, these advances have included less publicized techniques can improve the performance of any model. In the spirit of the work of Chen, First, Bapna et al, we try to identify techniques that can be applied to improve translation quality. We study a number of possibilities across the NMT process pipeline, which starts with the original text and text preprocessing and culminates in the final translated text. We test new approaches as well as try to confirm the effect of techniques publicized in other research. We developed baseline 2 and 4 head architectures that can be used for further study and optimization. In exploring these architectures, we confirmed weight dropping as one of the more effective techniques to improve system performance. We also found found that preprocessing by separating commas and full-stops form accompanying words raises BLEU performance substantially due to a better interpretation of punctuation and a lower incidence of OoV words. We conclude that for comprehensive NMT system optimization, the entire process pipeline should be considered and a structured approach to optimization efforts should be employed drawing from a toolbox of techniques such as those we tested.


Disclosed are a method and a terminal for transmitting and receiving data using a voice command. A terminal which provides a data transmission/reception function by using a voice command according to one aspect of the present invention includes a voice input part which receives the voice of a user, a voice recognition part which analyzes the voice inputted by the voice input part and obtains voice command information, a command data generation part which generates command data corresponding to the voice command information obtained by the voice recognition part, and a transmission part which transmits the generated data to a counterpart terminal.


The cooling tower packing, also called fill or contact media, where the heat and moisture transfer and the related cooling of the water take place, is the heart of the cooling tower. The share of the packing in the total cost of the tower is normally only 10-20%, depending on type and size of cooling tower. Thus, enough emphasis is not always placed on the importance of the selection of the packing. This is due to the fact that the relationship between the efficiency of the packing and the size of the tower is not always adequately considered. This paper shows how a high-efficiency film-type fill considerably reduces the required cross-section and the first cost of a counterflow tower. The actual value of the savings obtained by using a high-efficiency film-type fill can be measured by its so-called limit value, which will be several times higher than its actual cost. Energy balance and cost calculations are presented for three examples from industrial practice. 3 refs.


New techniques using Moissanite and diamond anvil cells have allowed us to measure the ac susceptibility and dc magnetization of different strongly correlated systems at high hydrostatic pressures. We present here a new type of anvil cell designed to go inside a SQUID magnetometer, specifically the MPMS system of Quantum Design. This cell is capable of reaching over 100 kbar of pressure. Using this technique in conjunction with our previously reported technique for susceptibility measurements in an anvil cell, we have studied the ferromagnetic phases of the 3-dimensional itinerant ferromagnet cobalt disulphide, CoS 2 , as well as 2-dimensional layered perovskite calcium ruthenate, Ca 2 RuO 4 .


The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on antioxidant system and protective mechanism against oxidative stress under UV-B radiation was investigated in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings during 3 days growth period. UV-B irradiation caused a decrease of leaf biomass including leaf length, width and weight during growth. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated UV-B stress induced growth suppression. NO donor permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem Ⅱ than in non-treated controls under UV-B stress, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in maize leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin, UV-B absorbing compounds, were significantly accumulated in the maize leaves upon UV-B exposure. Moreover, the increase of these compounds was intensified in the NO treated seedlings. UV-B treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in maize leaves, while NO donor prevented UV-B induced increase in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. These results demonstrate that NO serves as antioxidant agent able to scavenge H2O2 to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in maize leaves in the presence of NO donor under UV-B stress were higher than those under UV-B stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the maize leaves arrested NO donor mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and free radical scavenging activity. However, PTIO had little effect on maize leaves under UV-B stress compared with that of UV-B stress alone. Nω -nitro-L-arginine (LNNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), significantly increased H2O2 and MDA accumulation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in maize leaves under UV-B stress. This demonstrates that NOS inhibitor LNNA has opposite effects on oxidative resistance. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation and thus confer UV-B tolerance.


In this paper we describe the students' experiences in the implementation of the first online newspaper, UNAM Echo, produced and managed by media studies. This rewarding experience is in sync with the concept of media literacy as espoused by Brown (1998) and Zettl (1998) which has come to embrace production of traditional and new media content and away from its earlier fixation with critical analysis and appreciation of literary works and effective communication.


It has been proved by Bovier & Hartung [Elect. J. Probab. 19 (2014)] that the maximum of a variable-speed branching Brownian motion (BBM) in the weak correlation regime converges to a randomly shifted Gumbel distribution. The random shift is given by the almost sure limit of McKean's martingale, and captures the early evolution of the system. In the Bovier-Hartung extremal process, McKean's martingale thus plays a role which parallels that of the derivative martingale in the classical BBM. In this note, we provide an alternative interpretation of McKean's martingale in terms of a law of large numbers for high-points of BBM, i.e. particles which lie at a macroscopic distance from the edge. At such scales, 'McKean-like martingales' are naturally expected to arise in all models belonging to the BBM-universality class.


Fault systems observed in the southernmost Peruvian forearc (Tacna area) provide information on the structure of the inner Bolivian Orocline (Arica elbow). Here we present the characteristics of the main fault systems observed in the Tacna area, as weil as evidences of structural control on the deposition of Upper Cenozoic units and regional geoforms. We propose a synthetic chronology of deformation.


The system of exception to bill offers a debtor the rights to protect themselves,but the abuse of the system will destroy the normal order of bills in circulation.The restriction and anti-restriction of the exception to bill provide the scope of the rights to exercise.The paper analyzed the understanding and application of the restriction and anti-restriction of the exception to bill and showed it is important to exercise the rights of the exception to bill on legal basis.


The study was aimed to determine the variation in taxonomic diversity of Polynemus paradiseus based on morphometric and meristic analyses of samples collected from three coastal rivers of Bangladesh (Payra, Tentulia and Kirtonkhola). A total of 105 individuals ranging at 10-20 cm in total length (TL) and 7.91-60.64 g in body weight (BW) were sampled using Been nets and Kachal and Veshal nets. Significant differences were observed in 24 out of 25 morphometric measurements and 6 out of 10 meristic counts among the populations. In morphometric measurements, the first discriminant function (DF1) was accounted for 78.6% and the second discriminant function (DF2) was accounted for 21.4% of among groups variability, explaining 100% of total among group variability. A dendrogram based on morphometric data showed that the Tentulia and Kirtankhola populations showed high degree of overlapping and these two populations were highly different from Payra river population. The canonical graph also showed that the populations of Tentulia and Kirtankhola rivers were more closely related comparing with Payra river population for isometric condition. These findings may provide useful information for the conservation and sustainable management of this important fish.


One of the key challenges confronting Catholic Education is improving educational quality. A key indicator of improved educational quality is i mproving studentlearning outcomes so that students acquire the skills needed for 21 century learning. These skills include creativity, communication, collabor ation and critical thinking as well as being productive users of technology. The acquisiti on of 21 century skills requires the development of personalised learning that is broader than simply an acquisition of the basics. Leaders have a crucial role to play in understanding student learning and in facilitating a teaching and learning program whic h moves from surface to deep learning. The use of information and communic ations technology (ICT) is fundamental for the kind of personalised learning eeded for the development of deep learning but, as the SAMR model makes cl ear, simply using technology does not guarantee that deep learning will occur. What is crucial is the transformative use of ICT for learning. This paper is designe d to link understandings about deep learning with the appropriate use of ICT to enhance learning. Deep Learning, ICT and 21 Century Skills Leading for Education Quality Abstract One of the key challenges confronting Catholic Education is improving educational quality. A key indicator of improved educational quality is i mproving studentlearning outcomes so that students acquire the skills needed for 21 century learning. These skills include creativity, communication, collabor ation and critical thinking as well as being productive users of technology. The acquisiti on of 21 century skills requires the development of personalised learning that is broader than simply an acquisition of the basics. Leaders have a crucial role to play in understanding student learning and in facilitating a teaching and learning program whic h moves from surface to deep learning. The use of information and communic ations technology (ICT) is fundamental for the kind of personalised learning eeded for the development of deep learning but, as the SAMR model makes cl ear, simply using technology does not guarantee that deep learning will occur. What is crucial is the transformative use of ICT for learning. This paper is designe d to link understandings about deep learning with the appropriate use of ICT to enhance learning.One of the key challenges confronting Catholic Education is improving educational quality. A key indicator of improved educational quality is i mproving studentlearning outcomes so that students acquire the skills needed for 21 century learning. These skills include creativity, communication, collabor ation and critical thinking as well as being productive users of technology. The acquisiti on of 21 century skills requires the development of personalised learning that is broader than simply an acquisition of the basics. Leaders have a crucial role to play in understanding student learning and in facilitating a teaching and learning program whic h moves from surface to deep learning. The use of information and communic ations technology (ICT) is fundamental for the kind of personalised learning eeded for the development of deep learning but, as the SAMR model makes cl ear, simply using technology does not guarantee that deep learning will occur. What is crucial is the transformative use of ICT for learning. This paper is designe d to link understandings about deep learning with the appropriate use of ICT to enhance learning. Introduction In recent times there has been increasing pressure on sc h ol systems, schools and school leaders to ensure continuous improvement. While school leaders are being called upon to undertake a seemingly never-ending list of s ocial responsibilities they are, at the same time, expected to meet increasingly de manding accountability requirements as well as significantly improving student le arning outcomes (Dinham, 2007). The expectation is that leaders will transform the ir schools in ways that are "significant, systematic and sustained, resulting in high levels of achievement for all students in all settings, thus contributing to the wellb ing of the individual and the nation" (Caldwell, 2005, p. 3). Central to this process of t ransformation has been an unrelenting focus on student outcomes (Caldwell & Spinks, 1998). This emphasis on improvement has given rise to, amongst other things, the publication of data in a number of states about how seco ndary schools have performed in terms of Year 12 results despite concerns th at this kind of data is too simplistic and can be too readily used to label schools as 'failures' (Gurr, 2002). In addition to Year 12 data, a wealth of other data Australia wide has been gathered since the advent of nation wide NAPLAN tests (Victori an Curriculum and Assessment Authority, 2009). These results have, in turn, fo med the centrepiece of the My Schools website (Australian Curriculum Assess ment Reporting Authority (ACARA), 2010). Although the provision of education has been a State Government responsibility, the introduction of national testing is part of the growing trend of Australian Government intervention in education policy n the national interest (CSCNEPA, 2008). Meanwhile, schools and teachers are faced with mounting criticism in the media by politicians, public and social commentators (Star r, 2008) as well as an expectation that student performances will be improved (Dui gnan, 2006). It is not uncommon to hear of 'failing schools' and judgements about 'good' and 'bad' teachers (Elmore, 2002). The emphasis on schools transformation is no less r al in Catholic schools. The Catholic Education Office Melbourne describes the S chool Improvement Framework as having two purposes: 1. To satisfy legitimate expectation of government sector authorities about accountability for the outcomes of schooling and 2. To assist schools and teachers to improve student learning outcomes. (Catholic Education Office Melbourne, 2013) This clearly demonstrates that Catholic schools are subj ect to the same pressures and are pursuing the same goals as other schools. Leadership in Schools The focus on student learning outcomes raises the question as to how these improvements are to take place (Stoll, Fink, & Earl, 2003). While it is widely understood that the individual teacher in the classroom is the most significant school based factor in terms of student achievement (Hattie, 2009), one of the keys to improvement in student learning is effective leadership (Lei thwood, Louis, Anderson, & Wahlstrom, 2004; Reeves D.B, 2008). A discussion of leadershi p needs to acknowledge that leadership is complex and needs to take int o consideration the context in which that leadership takes place (Leithwood Jantzi, 2005; Southworth 2005). Nor should that discussion be limited to the work of th e principal whose work, while no doubt important, has only an indirect impact on student learning so that the principal must work with and through others to achieve improvem ents (Hallinger & Heck, 1996, 1998). Nor should any discussion of leadership become b gged down in a consideration of the different labels sometimes app lied to educational leadership: Different forms of leadership are described in the litera ture using adjectives such as "instructional," "participative," "de mocratic," "transformational," "moral," "strategic" and the like. But these labels primarily capture different stylistic or methodological a pproaches to accomplishing the same two essential objectives critical to any organization's effectiveness: helping the organization set a defensible set of directions and influencing members to move in those direct ions. Leadership is both this simple and this complex (Leithwo od et al., 2004, p. 6). From this description of leadership it is clear that leade rs in schools have the responsibility to set the direction when it comes to improving student learning


With the objective of synthesizing perhalocyclohexeneimines and N-chloroimines, the authors examine the reaction of 2,5-cyclohexadienes (Ia-c) with chlorine. It is shown that N-chloroimino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-2,5-cyclohexadienes react with chlorine by a nucleophilic mechanism with the formation (depending on the reactant ratios) of N-chloroimino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro4,5,6-trichloro-4-substituted-2-cyclohexenes or N-chloroimino-2,3,5,6tetrafluoro-2,3,5,6-pentachloro-4-substituted-cyclohexanes. The authors study the F 19 NMR spectra of the product of the chlorination of Np chloroimines. The nuclei F/sup 3/ and F/sup 5/ display the greatest spin coupling constants with the fluorines of the CF/sub 3/ group, and they differ considerably in their chemical shifts. The chemical shifts of nuclei F/sup 3/ and F/sup 5/ in the starting material are found in the region of -150 ppm, and differ from each other by 5.9 ppm.


A preliminary report is made of a BLM intercalibration sediment sample from the Santa Barbara basin spiked with South Louisiana crude oil. The two subsamples reported were analyzed by a procedure described in the appendix for which a separate abstract was written. Because of the high oil content of the sediment the usual thin layer chromatography procedure resulted in an overloaded plate. An appendix was indexed separately. (JSR)


In this paper, a knee exoskeleton device and its Tele-Impedance based assistive control scheme is presented. The exoskeleton device is an inherently compliant actuated system that was implemented based on the series elastic actuation (SEA) to provide improved and intrinsically soft interaction behaviour. Details of the exoskeleton design are presented. A detailed musculoskeletal model was developed and experimentally identified in order to map electromyographic signals to the antagonistic muscle torques, acting on the human knee joint. The estimated muscle torques are used in order to determine the user's intent and joint stiffness trend. These reference signals are exploited by a novel Tele-Impedance controller which is applied to a knee exoskeleton device to provide assistance and stiffness augmentation to the user's knee joint. Experimental trials of a standing-up motion task were carried out for evaluation of the proposed control strategy. The results indicate that the proposed knee exoskeleton device and control scheme can effectively generate assistive actions that are intrinsically and naturally controlled by the user muscle activity.


This paper investigates the ways in which the legal system affects the reading choices of Isabel Sleaford, as well as her marriage to George Gilbert and her subsequent fascination with Roland Lansdell. While much is often made of the effect sensation fiction has on Isabel's choices, the atmosphere of crime and criminality in which she is steeped unwittingly has an equal effect on the novels she reads. Isabel (and Roland) are just as strongly affected by the written word of the law as they are by their tastes in reading material, and it is this collision between the law and the sensation novel that has disastrous effects on Isabel's marriage to George and on Roland's life, as well.


A project to automate the controls and upgrade related electrical equipment at the world's largest horizontal-shaft hydroelectric plant is complete. Manual controls, some of which date back to 1916, have been replaced with what is believed to be the largest programmable logic controller (PLC)-based distributed control system ever assembled. The plant is the primary generating facility of Edison Sault Electric Company. Automation will ultimately cut labor costs by more than $400,000/year. The PLC-based control system uses Modicon 984-120 Compact PLCs at each turbine-generator unit linked together over a Modicon Modbus PLus high-speed local area network. All PLCs can be programmed from one location. The plant also uses a Most Economic Dispatch (MED) computer program as part of the automation package. The software is intended to maximize plant revenue per allotment of water and to minimize the need for operator input in assigning units. The program runs on a hierarchichal personal computer on the local area network. Other design elements of the plant are described.


The history of the national parks of England and Wales involves a succession of issues, both large and small, but inevitably hard fought by the interests concerned. In the paper are reviewed the development and resolution or demise of what are seen to have been the three main issues in park administration from the late 1940s to the present day. They concern the composition of the park authorities, their position within the local government system, and the interests and experience of the members appointed to them. All three issues concern the nature of the parks, in which many different interests have a legitimate concern. But in the first two, the conflict is between the national park and the county council lobbies. In the last more recent issue, these lobbies are joined and the conflict is with other interests. Seemingly, the national–local dichotomy on which park administration is based is breaking down. It is a change that could have profound implications for the future of park administration and this is highlighted.


Behavioural aspects of investment in gold are an interesting issue for research. In Asian context, study on behavioral aspects of research need to unfurl many interesting phenomenon though the economist discourage that gold investment is an unproductive investment. But, historically Asia was gold rich country. The culture, emotions and history told about rich deposit that attracted the ancient invaders to come to Asia, especially India, due to gold reserve. China as Asian economic dragon of Asian century, still has been occupying a leading position in investment in gold. Since, the gold is useful for modern advanced sciences and industrial applications, the gold reserve and investment may potentially augment in the economic development. Thus, the present research attempts to analyse symbolic interpretation of gold in Asian countries, their gold reserve and popularity of investment in Cyber gold. Finally analyses about the attitude over the investment in gold in the select Asian countries. The methodology adopted for this paper is desk research and debates in support of investment in gold with an idea to propose for shift for golden Asia for Asian century. This paper depicts an interesting picture of on cultural interpretation of gold and its relationship with gold business, reserves, and consumption. Also, depicts a clear picture of awareness on investment in cyber-gold select Asian countries along with a proposition for enhancing Asian wealth position.


The origins of the Year in Industry scheme are traced, its progress described and the reasons for its success given. The author highlights the importance of industry-based training for pre-university engineers and gives practical examples of cost-efficient training projects with views from employers and students. The mutual benefits to industry and university-based students of set project work during the one year placement programme are underlined.


The interaction between the GTP-bound form of the transducin α-subunit (Gαt) and the γ-subunit (Pγ) of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a key event in effector activation during photon signal transduction. The carboxyl-terminal half of Pγ is involved in interaction with Gαt as well as in inhibition of PDE activity. Here we have utilized a combination of synthetic peptide and mutagenesis approaches to localize specific regions of the carboxyl-terminal region of Pγ interacting with Gαt and Pαβ and have determined residues involved in inhibition of PDE activity. We found that synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 68-87 of Pγ completely inhibit trypsin-activated PDE. The peptide Pγ-63-87 bound to GαtGTPγS with a Kd of 2.5 μM, whereas the binding of Pγ-68-87 to GαtGTPγS was approximately 15-fold less (Kd= 40 μM) suggesting that carboxyl-terminal Pγ region 68-87 contains a site for interaction with Pαβ and also a part of the αt binding site. To map Gαt and Pαβ sites more precisely within the carboxyl-terminal region, a set of carboxyl-terminal mutants was generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Deletion of residues 63-69 and 70-76 diminished the binding of mutants to αt while binding to carboxyl-terminally truncated mutants lacking up to 11 amino acid residues was unchanged. In contrast, carboxyl-terminal truncations of Pγ from Δ1 to Δ11 resulted in a gradual decrease of its inhibitory activity. Thus, the extreme carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic sequence -Ile86-Ile87 together with 9 adjacent residues provides inhibitory interaction of Pγ with Pαβ. The carboxyl-terminal GαtGTPγS binding site of Pγ is different from but adjacent to its PDE inhibitory site. During the visual transduction process, GαtGTP likely binds to this region of Pγ inducing a displacement of the extreme carboxyl terminus from the inhibitory site on Pαβ, leading to PDE activation.


A good understanding of the market and its behavior will make efforts to satisfy consumers relatively easier, because from here marketers will have knowledge about consumers' buying interest in a product, their decision-making process, and their perception of the company's product relative to the product. competitor. In addition, if marketers want their customers to be loyal to the company's products, they will also try to understand other things that influence consumers' repurchase decisions. Furthermore, everything will become an important basis for the preparation and implementation of a marketing strategy that (competitively) satisfies consumers.


The Internet of Things is increasingly becoming a part of our daily life. With popular task automation or IoT platforms such as If This Then That (IFTTT), users are able to define rules to enable interactions between smart devices in their environment and thereby improve their daily lives. However, rules authored by users on these popular task automation or IoT platforms are often tied to the platform or even to the specific devices for which they have been configured, implying a vendor lock-in for users. Therefore, switching to a different task automation or IoT platform or the introduction of new devices might demand for a re-creation of the rules that are specific to the new platform and devices. In order to address this problem, we need human-computer interaction that works across IoT platforms, in particular with the proliferation of IoT services in domains such as smart health where a user's quality of life might depend on an uninterrupted service offered by a platform. In this paper, we propose an architecture to enable implicit human-computer interaction across IoT platforms by introducing the necessary concepts providing users ownership and control over their IoT data and rules.


The euro was introduced nearly ten years ago. That innovation, in which a group of European countries voluntarily abandoned their national currencies for a newly created one, has been heavily watched by both policymakers and economists for various reasons. For one thing, it was a novel move –for most of the post-war period, countries have shown a strong preference to have their own national currency.1 Second, before the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), countries adopting another's currency appeared to be radically different from non-union members. They were often (extremely) small in size and politically or economically highly dependent. Finally, the European experience has raised considerable interest not only within the European Union, but also outside. Around a dozen of EU members have still to decide whether and when to join the euro-zone. In addition, the euro serves as a benchmark experiment for country groups, particularly in Asia and the Gulf region, considering their own regional monetary unions.2


This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the role of men in supporting the feminist movement and moderate Islamic teachings among college students in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 625 respondents who were randomly selected. The independent variable used, namely religious moderation, was measured using four indicators: a sense of nationalism (X1), tolerance (X2), anti-violence (X3), and accommodative attitudes towards local culture (X4). This study examined multiple linear regression analysis to test whether the four problems in Islamic moderation were related to student attitudes towards male involvement in feminism. The results suggested that these four independent variables have a positive and significant effect on student attitudes towards the active role of men in supporting the gender equality movement. Furthermore, an accommodative attitude towards the local culture and a sense of nationalism were known to have the greatest and smallest effects, namely 0.28 and 0.15 respectively. These results indicate that moderate Muslims tend to have a greater acceptance of male feminists. Then, the results also indicated that Muslim students who practised moderate Islamic teachings had realized the importance of male involvement in feminism.


The objective of this study was to investigate the gloss of different types of commercially manufactured varnish systems, including water-based (WB), polyurethane (PUR) and UV-cured (UV), applied on veneered MDF panels with sanded and thermally densified alder and birch wood veneers. The varnishes were applied at various numbers of layers on veneered panels. The gloss was measured at three angles of incident light: 20°, 60° and 85°. Statistical analysis showed that the type of varnish, the number of layers, the pre-treatment process, the wood species and direction of wood fibers significantly affect gloss of the coatings of veneered MDF panels. The type of varnish had a dominant effect on gloss. The highest gloss values were measured for the UV-varnished surface, and the lowest for WB- and PUR-varnished surfaces. Gloss was enhanced with an increase in the number of layers. Birch veneer provided higher gloss values compared to alder veneer. The gloss values measured along the wood fibers were higher than those measured across the fibers. No significant differences were found between the coatings created on sanded and thermally densified veneers for the average gloss values measured along the fibers at angles 60° and 85°. This study could have practical applications for producing value-added furniture elements using low-value wood species pre-treated by thermal compression.


Recognition to practise as an Environmental Health Practitioner in Australia generally requires the completion of a professionally-accredited tertiary qualification which includes a work placement or a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) component. This presentation discusses an informal review undertaken by course convenors involved in the provision of such programs in Australia, in conjunction with the professional body Environmental Health Australia. The review involved identifying the current strengths, weakness and challenges of current WIL offerings in professionally-accredited environmental health programs, together with a review of the Environmental Health Australia (EHA) course accreditation WIL policy requirements. This process identified a range of challenges including the need to develop a common understanding of what constitutes a WIL activity. The presentation argues that future WIL professional accreditation policy in this area requires recognition of these challenges and a shift from focusing on a specific work placement period to the development of a framework to identify how different WIL approaches contribute to graduate employability. For example, how to assess the contribution of a work integrated learning activity to the development of a graduate for professional practice in environmental health. In doing so, further consultation with the environmental health profession is required to assist in this process.


approach may overestimate inappropriate prescribing. This study was observational and retrospective in nature, but it provides useful insight on ambulatory CDI management. We hypothesize that ambulatory care providers are unfamiliar with the updated recommendation to prescribe oral vancomycin first. E-mail newsletter education regarding the revised guidelines was provided to inpatient and outpatient prescribers in the health system in early 2018, but it appears to have been ineffective to communicate this practice change. Ambulatory CDI treatment may represent a missed opportunity for institutional ASPs to minimize associated morbidity. A focused effort is needed to improve the quality of CDI management in outpatient setting.


Objective:To understand our hospital drug use situation in mental disorders.Methods:the 1st method to July 30,2010 as the time of the node,using self-designed inquire tables,six wards in our hospital 439 cases of patients in the hospital for investigation.Results: The frequency of patient use of drugs to clozapine in the first place(61.73%),followed by chlorpromazine(20.50%),aripiprazole(18.45%).Mainly of a single drug,benzodiazepine class rate decreased significantly.Conclusions: The clinical treatment of drug norms,but still need to pay attention to clozapine and benzodiazepine class of fair use.


For the comparison and assessment of steel welding consumables, standard tests involving small model welds are widely used to determine diffusible hydrogen contents. The lowest scale normally quoted is less than 5 ml/100 g deposited metal (e.g., BS5135:1984 Scale D). However, due to industry`s demands for lower hydrogen levels for critical applications, it is now proposed to sub-divide this scale at around 2--3 ml/100 g. This has led to further development by consumable manufacturers in order to meet the new specification. Traditionally, reductions in potential hydrogen levels in manual metal arc welding consumables have been achieved by improved flux formulations and silicate binder systems. However, there is little published work on the effect of electrode baking treatments. A development program has been employed to study the effect of baking treatments on E9018-B3 type manual metal arc welding consumables. This type of welding consumable is used extensively in the initial fabrication and in the repair and maintenance of power generation plant, where significant risk of HAZ hydrogen cracking exists. These treatments have been assessed using standard tests for weld metal hydrogen content and weld metal composition.


The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Annual Symposium 2006 (FSBI2006), Fish Population Structure: Implications to Conservation, 10-14 July 2006, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.-- 2 pages


This research paper will attempt to examine the most prominent postmodern features in Günter Grass's Crabwalk (2002) that are common with the most evident postmodern aspects of Naguib Mahfouz's Miramar (1967). These two novels in particular have been chosen for examination due to the fact that both Grass and Mahfouz employ historiography to weave a story about one of the prominent characters in relation to a certain event that actually takes place once upon a time. In Crabwalk, Paul tries to comprehend the engulfing circumstances behind the sinking of the German Wilhelm Gustloff in 1936, whereas in Miramar Amer tries to learn about the July Revolution of 1952 and its aftermath. But most importantly, these two novels which seem to be very different in nature and time frame are chosen for examination to illustrate how tenacious is the postmodern structure of fragmentation, heteroglossia, anachronism, and the open ending; in an attempt to define what is postmodernism in aesthetic writings after all.


The Maillard reaction is of great significance in food, herb medicines, and life processes. It is usually occurring during the process of food and herb medicines processing and storage. The formed Maillard reaction productions (MRPs) in food and herb medicines not only generate a large number of efficacy components but also generate a small amount of harmful substance that cannot be ignored. Some of the MRPs, especially the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are concerning humans, based on the possibility to induce cancer and mutations in laboratory animals. Numerous studies have been reported on the formation, analysis, and control of the potentially harmful MRPs (PHMRPs). Therefore, the investigation into the formation, analysis, and control of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines is very important for improving the quality and safety of food and herb medicines. This article provides a brief review of the formation, analysis (major content), and control of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines, which will provide a base and reference for safe processing and storage of food and herb medicines. Practical Applications. The formed Maillard reaction productions in food and herb medicines not only generate a large number of functional components but also generate a small amount of harmful substance that cannot be ignored. This contribution provides a brief review on the formation (including the correlative studies between MRs and the PHMRPs, mechanisms, and the main pathways); analysis (major content, pretreatment for analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and structural identification analysis); and control (strategies and mechanisms) of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines, which will provide a solid theoretical foundation and a valuable reference for safe processing and storage for food and herb medicines.


Student writing will not improve by simply increasing the number of writing assignments in a course, adding a term paper, or switching to essay tests. While these changes may be appropriate for some disciplines, they are not for others; in any case, such changes alone will not significantly alter the quality of student writing. Students do need to write often, and in every discipline, but equally important is the kind of writing students are asked to do. Research by James Britton and his colleagues at the University of London suggests that the writing taught in schools today is narrowly conceived. Britton describes writing according to three "function categories": "transactional," language to get things done-to inform, instruct and persuade; "poetic," language as an art medium-poetry and fiction; and "expressive," language written for oneself-thinking and speculating on paper.' In looking at two thousand pieces of writing from sixty-five secondary schools, Britton found that 84% of the writing by high school seniors was transactional. Poetic writing accounted for less than 7% of school writing, and expressive less than 4%.2 Few teachers ask their students to write in the ex-


Abstract 3. Recipient's Catalog 5. Report Date May 1977 6. Performing Organization Code ~~ 8. Performing Organization Report No. E-8882 -_ 10. Work Unit No. 505-01 11. Contract or Grant No. 13. Typebf Report and Period Covered Note 14. Sponsoring Agency Code -The tensile properties at room temperature and at 1365 K and the tensile creep properties at low strain rates at 136 5 K were measured for several oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS) alloys The alloys examined included ODS Ni, ODS Ni-20Cr, and ODS Ni-16Cr-Al. Metallography of creep-tested, large-grain-size ODS alloys indicated that creep of these alloys is an inhomogeneous process. All alloys appear to possess a threshold stress for creep. This threshold stress is believed to be associated with diffusional creep in the large-grain-size ODS alloys and normal dislocation motion in perfect single-crystal (without transverse low-angle boundaries) ODs alloys. Threshold stresses for large-grain-size ODS Ni-20Cr and Ni-16Cr-A1 type alloys are dependent on the grain aspect ratio. Because of the deleterious effect of prior creep on room-temperature mechanical properties of large-grain-size ODS alloys,


Growth cones, the sensory tips of developing axons, respond to molecular cues present in the environment. Additionally, recent studies suggest local differences in environmental rigidity affect axon development via mechanosensitive protein regulation in growth cones, and is dependent upon neuronal subtype. Neurites innervating the Central Nervous System (CNS) grow more rapidly on flexible substrata. Conversely, neurites projecting into the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) prefer rigid substrata. By using human forebrain (hFBs) and motor neurons (hMNs) differentiated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs), we compared growth rates and morphology of CNS and PNS neurons on varying substrata stiffnesses. We found MNs prefer more rigid substrata, while forebrain neurons do not have a strong preference for rigidity. Finally, we found both hFBs and hMNs express mechanosensitive ion channels. Future studies should investigate differential expression patterns of these ion channels on different rigidities as a possible mechanism for the differential growth we observed.


Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting (GEPP) is a widely used method to solve dense linear systems. Each GEPP step uses a row transposition pivot movement if needed to ensure the leading pivot entry is maximal in magnitude for the leading column of the remaining untriangularized subsystem. We will use theoretical and numerical approaches to study how often this pivot movement is needed. We provide full distributional descriptions for the number of pivot movements needed using GEPP using particular Haar random ensembles, as well as compare these models to other common transformations from randomized numerical linear algebra. Additionally, we introduce new random ensembles with fixed pivot movement counts and fixed sparsity, $\alpha$. Experiments estimating the empirical spectral density (ESD) of these random ensembles leads to a new conjecture on a universality class of random matrices with fixed sparsity whose scaled ESD converges to a measure on the complex unit disk that depends on $\alpha$ and is an interpolation of the uniform measure on the unit disk and the Dirac measure at the origin.


The product data exchange technology based on STEP and XML is explained.On the ba-sis of analyzing the method of transforming between STEP and an XML file,the integration model on web of product data exchange technology is proposed.


Based on the laser ranging sensors, a novel vehicle velocity measurement system with high precision is proposed, which can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle velocity measuring devices. High frequency laser ranging sensors of fixed-distance (S) are installed perpendicular to the road corresponding to the center of the lanes to catch the passing of the vehicles. By detecting the time interval (t) between the different sensors, we can get the vehicle speed (V = S/t). Clock source with 10MHz sine wave and CPLDs are applied to ensure the time-measuring accuracy.


In this paper, activity-based especially in th Kanagawa 259-O 1, Japan : firstname.lastname@example.com we present a framework for providing perspectives of a document space, WWW. An activity-based perspective is a view of the subspace of the WWW document space that a knowledge worker should understand or modify while executing the activity. We designed the framework to reduce the cognitive overhead of managing document spaces dependent on various internal and external changes. Changes within the activity (often resulting from the natural progress of the activity) result in changes of focus in the subspace related to the activity. For such internal changes, we introduce a temporally-threaded workspace model. Our model introduces a structured workspace that maintains a thread of snapshots of a knowledge worker's perspective on a document space. Such threads of snapshots are constructed by monitoring user actions. External changes (for example, changes to documents managed in external sites) are independent of the progress of users' activities. To deal with these changes, we introduce a proxy mechanism to maintain documents in the same state as accessed. This paper also describes the implementation of prototype systems, in the WWW environment, based on our frameworks. Interlocus is a client/server system providing facilities based on the temporally-threaded workspace model. It provides a user interface that presents spatial-temporal views of a workspace thread. Packrat is a WWW proxy server that maintains documents in the same state as accessed.


Aim and Background: Several studies have shown that adipose tissue plays an important role to produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and CRP by the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is investigation of the effect of low impact aerobic exercise on acute phase proteins (APPs) and lipid profile status in older obese women with type П diabetic. Methodology: Twenty diabetic old women (mean age 55.05, BMI=28.06 Kg/m2) from Izeh diabetic clinic with no specific disease were randomly assigned to two groups of training (3 times a week, 60 minutes per session), aerobic group (n=10) and control group (n=10) that blood samples were taken each of them. Then resting blood sampling and anthropometric factors were taken from anterior vein in 5cc amount, while they did not eat any breakfast for 8-hours. Experimental group were directed to the LIA exercise program such as musical aerobic exercise with 40-60 percent of maximum heart rate for 50 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks blood samples, APPs, lipid profile and anthropometric measures were taken from two groups. Findings: 8 week Low impact aerobic exercise in diabetic old women caused a significant decrease in CRP concentrations (p=0.01) A slight but no significant decrease in serum IL-6 (p=0.85), fibrinogen (p=0.29), WBC (p=0.14), TG (p=0.26), LDL (p=0.12) and TC (p=0.63), also caused a slight but no significant increase in HDL (p=0.93) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Based on research results, probably more intense or over 8 weeks aerobic training could be effective on APPs levels and lipid profile in obese diabetic elderly women.Keywords: Diabetes type П, Aerobic dance training, APPs and obese older women


This is the accepted manuscript for a paper published in Russian History, Volume 42, Issue 1, pages 114 – 135, doi: 10.1163/18763316-04201010


This is the first in a sequence of papers which discuss the biological plausibility of a neural control circuit consisting of two input neurons and one output neuron. An implementation of this circuit has been shown to control a simple first order linear control system on a par with a fuzzy controller designed for the same process (Alexander, 1994). The neural circuit successfully maintained the height of water in a tank under conditions of varying input flow. In this paper, the author discusses the equations used in the simple neural circuit; the simple neural circuit's method of controlling first order linear systems; demonstrates the three-neuron controller's capability to solve the truck backer-upper problem; and discusses the applicability of the three-neuron controller (TNC) in harder problems. The author also discusses a generalized software package (FuzComp) that is being developed to assist in the author's studies.


Dominating -color number of a graph is defined as the maximum number of color classes which are dominating sets of and is denoted by d, where the maximum is taken over all -coloring of . In this paper, we discussed the dominating -color number of Generalized Petersen Graphs. We have also discussed the condition under which chromatic number equals dominating -color number of Generalized Petersen Graphs.


This article discusses the changes in the role and function of Japanese schools in Brazil before and after WWII vis-a-vis the host country's social and political environment, with emphasis on the pressure from nationalism on Japanese immigrants' education exerted by the Vargas administration. The impact of the policy was both significant and turbulent. It had become one of the main causes of the drastic changes in the national identity and character of Japanese primary schools after the Pacific War, with tragic consequences for the Japanese immigrants. Before WWII, Japanese immigrants had gradually advanced their status from contracted labourers to independent farmers, forming Japanese colonias (settlements) on government-allocated uncultivated land. They were eager to give their children elementary level education, and in remote areas, they had no choice but to provide this education principally in the Japanese language. These schools therefore became targets of the anti-Japanese movement that began in the 1920s, peaked in the 1930's, and was phased out in the 1940s. Just before WWII, however, President Getulio Vargas developed a nationalistic policy which encompassed education; foreign schools were oppressed, and in 1938, most Japanese primary schools were closed. In addition, there was a ban on holding meetings and public gatherings, and Japanese newspapers were abolished. This was a traumatic situation that made Japanese-Brazilians pessimistic about the future, and their despair pushed them closer to supporting the goals of their Japanese homeland. The conflict between Brazilian and Japanese nationalism took place in primary education, which saw a tragic confrontation among immigrant groups, and resulted in a radical change of public opinion, as well as in the primary schools themselves.