Dear Editor, We read with great interest the well-written article by Sohawon et al.,1 who described the clinical and imaging findings associated with extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH). The authors focused on EMH locations encountered commonly in clinical practice, including the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and paravertebral regions, and also discussed the unusual presentation of EMH as focal hepatic and splenic masses. We would like to report an uncommon case of EMH that simulated osseous neoplasia of the rib. A 43-year-old man with b-thalassaemia presented with a 1-month history of severe left chest pain. He had undergone a splenectomy 20 years previously. A chest roentgenogram showed a large extrapulmonary mass in the left haemithorax (Fig. 1a). Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an extrapulmonary lobulated mass with soft-tissue density, rib widening and a sunburstpattern periosteal reaction (Fig. 1b). Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of EMH. Several haemoglobinopathies, such as thalassaemia, sickle cell anaemia and spherocytosis, as well as myeloproliferative disorders, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, myelodysplasia and myelofibrosis, have been associated with EMH.1–3 Typically found in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, EMH is formed by diffuse microscopic areas of haematopoietic tissue.1–4 Less commonly affected sites include the kidneys, pleura, skin, ovaries, intestine, sclera, central nervous system, epidural space and adrenal glands.4 On CT images, EMH presents as masses with dense, soft areas that are usually homogeneous, characteristics similar to those observed using conventional radiology.2–4 This imaging method is important for analysing the internal structure of the lesions, especially of those that are rich in fat, in order to identify other paravertebral masses and for detecting bone alterations associated with certain haematological diseases, such as thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia. However, in patients with antecedents of haematological diseases, EMH must be included in the differential diagnosis of even solitary bone lesions.


It has become a commonplace that Clare of Assisi was "rediscovered" in the fifteenth century by the reformers who sought to return the Franciscan Order to its spiritual origins through devotion to its earlier ideals. Two texts, written nearly a century apart, illustrate the dialectical tension between the principles of Observant Reform and its practice within the Order of Saint Clare. This chapter concentrates on two sources that offer privileged access to understanding how Observant Franciscans interpreted the sisters' rule in the fifteenth century. The nature of female Franciscan reform in Italy was geographically diffuse radiating from different centers, as well as temporally protracted. On 27 January 1445 nearing the end of what would be his first term as Vicar General of the Cismontane Observants, John of Capistrano prepared a commentary of sorts on the Rule of Saint Clare.Keywords: Clare of Assisi; female Franciscan; Franciscan Order; Observant Franciscans; Rule of Saint Clare; Saint Clare


Without any metal catalyst, a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of E-2-styrylquinolines through sp3 C-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzylamines with 2-methylquinolines mediated by NH4I under air is successfully developed. The oxidative olefination proceeded through deamination and sp3 C–H bond activation. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the construction of E-2-styrylquinolines.


There is an increasing demand for high data rate wireless transmission for indoor radio network and personal communication network systems. The millimeter wave frequency band is promising to support such applications since it offers wide bandwidths. However, higher operating frequencies and higher data rates result in increased multipath problems, i.e., the degradation of transmission quality. In fact, in indoor environment energy may amve from different directions and at different times, due to reflections and diffractions from surrounding objects, and these multipath propagation routes cause deep fades in the received signal and give rise to intersymbol interference due to the symbol spreadness. The design and planning of a high-performance broadband systems, requires detailed knowledge of the wave propagation channel and the most critical issues which might influence the channel would be the base-station antennas, because their radiation pattems have a great impact upon the channel capacity and the coverage rangetl]. For this reason, several versions of base-station antennas (BS) must be developed to meet the cell architecture.


Background: The non-availability of language appropriate and culture-based tests for assessing speech sound disorders in Urdu has always posed a challenge in clinical, educational and research areas. The aim of the current research was to develop such a test for assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU).
 Objectives: The objective of the test was to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessment of Urdu Articulation and Phonological Disorders in children between 4-8 years of age.
Methodology: The study employed a cross sectional study design. Validity and reliability assessments were conducted for the development of the test. TAAPU was piloted and developed in Islamabad and Rawalpindi using purposive sampling technique for primary data collection; a sample of 50 children without APD and sample of 50 children with suspected speech sound disorder were included. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS- Version 21.0) was used in the study.
Results: The Test- retest reliability in pilot study of TAAPU with N=15 showed almost same mean and standard error of the mean confirming that TAAPU performed on same population with two weeks' interval gave almost same results. Correlation between test and retest is 0.991 and Chronbach's Alpha value is 0.70 ascertains its reliability. Factor analysis revealed 21 factors received frequent errors have Eigenvalues greater than 1. Chronbach's value of main study with N=100, 50 with APD and 50 without APD, is 0.74 and has α greater than 0.5 confirms the interdependance of items in the test. Substitution was the most frequent error type and the mean administartion time of TAAPU by children with APD is 26.48 minutes.
Conclusion: The study concludes that TAAPU is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of APD for Urdu speaking children.


The paper studies the sorption activity of humic substances, namely, modified compound"Gumata-80" (JSC "Agrarian Technologies", Irkutsk), in relation to ions of copper (II) in static and dynamic conditions. It is shown that the sorbent under study allows the extraction of copper (II) ions from highly concentrated solutions with an efficiency of up to 87 and 97%, respectively, for static and dynamic conditions.


There is a high diversity of insects associated to the flowering of avocado plants. Although bees are the main pollinators of the crop, species of different trophic guilds visit avocado inflorescences, yet little is known about them. In the municipality of Morales, Cauca, Colombia, two plots were selected and four trees were randomly selected from each one. Insects were collected with a net every hour for 20 minutes and the behavior of visiting insects was recorded in 10 inflorescences/tree. Insect collecting and observations were carried between 07:00-17:00 hours. The periods of visit to the flowers and the pollen load of the insects were evaluated weekly. Evaluations were carried out during two flowering periods. A high diversity of species was found associated with avocado inflorescences, being particularly higher in the order Diptera, with species such as Lucilia eximia, Chrysomya putoria, Palpada scutellaris and Ornidia obesa . Insect floral visitors presented peaks between 10:00-11:00 and 14:00-15:00 hours. Although a low amount of pollen on their bodies was observed, insects were collecting nectar, copulating or perched on flowers. This research shows that there is a high diversity of dipterans associated with the flowering of Persea americana that could contribute to pollen dispersal in orchards and associated biological functions.


Isoprene basal emission (the emission of isoprene from leaves exposed to a light intensity of 1000 m mol m - 2 s - 1 and maintained at a temperature of 30 ∞ ∞ ∞ C) was measured in Phragmites australis plants growing under elevated CO 2 in the Bossoleto CO 2 spring at Rapolano Terme, Italy, and under ambient CO 2 at a nearby control site. Gas exchange and biochemical measurements were concurrently taken. Isoprene emission was lower in the plants growing at ele- vated CO 2 than in those growing at ambient CO 2 . Isoprene emission and isoprene synthase activity (IsoS) were very low in plants growing at the bottom of the spring under very rich CO 2 and increased at increasing distance from the spring (and decreasing CO 2 concentration). Distance from the spring did not significantly affect photosynthesis mak- ing it therefore unlikely that there is carbon limitation to isoprene formation. The isoprene emission rate was very quickly reduced after rapid switches from elevated to ambi- ent CO 2 in the gas-exchange cuvette, whereas it increased when switching from ambient to elevated CO 2 . The rapidity of the response may be consistent with post-translational modifications of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of isoprene formation. Reduction of IsoS activity is inter- preted as a long-term response. Basal emission of isoprene was not constant over the day but showed a diurnal course opposite to photosynthesis, with a peak during the hottest hours of the day, independent of stomatal conductance and probably dependent on external air temperature or tempo- rary reduction of CO 2 concentration. The present experi- ments show that basal emission rate of isoprene is likely to be reduced under future elevated CO 2 levels and allow improvement in the modelling of future isoprene emission rates.


With the gradual increasement complexity of software products, it is important to use software complexity metrics to control and manage software developmemt. The program complexity is one of the most important concepts in software complexity. It characters the understand ability and the clarity of the program. Currently, software complexity metrics has become an important branch in software engineering field. This paper gives an overview of the most typical methods of software complexity metrics and then evaluates some of them. Finally the application of software complexity measurement in software dovelopment is described.


The effects of loading history on threshold stress intensity range (ΔKth) were investigated in a low alloy steel SFVQ1A (A508-3) and a low carbon steel S10C. A single overload and multiple overloads were chosen as loading history. Crack growth and crack closure following the loading histories were measured at load ratios of 0.05 and 0.07. Threshold values were determined as a fatigue limit of preloaded specimens. The ΔKth values increased with increasing overload stress intensity factor (Kh). For a given Kh value, multiple overloads produced much larger increase in ΔKth than a single overload and threshold values expressed by maximum stress intensity factor (Kmax, th) were almost constant, independent of stress ratio. The results obtained were discussed in terms of crack closure behavior, and a method was proposed to evaluate the threshold value based on plasticity-induced crack closure.


IPTV services are among the fastest growing television services in the world. While in 2005 only two million households had access to this service, this figure jumped to more than 14 million households in 2007. Incumbent operator's IPTV networks are "walled gardens", well provisioned to guarantee the user experience required by TV viewers. Current networks use static IP multicast within their network domain. The existing architectures have proved successful in broadcasting the hitherto limited number of TV channels, but the IP network was not designed to accommodate a huge number of niche channels with asynchronous viewing patterns. For this reason, understanding [1] and modelling this new type of traffic can offer significant insights into traffic engineering and capacity planning for network providers. The aim of this work is thus to build the first IPTV workload model. For this purpose we are analysing channel switching logs of a quarter million users from one of the worlds largest Telco-managed IPTV networks.


This paper validates the Reddy's experimental results [1] of external inversion of a tube for a specific die radius and furthers the prediction until it becomes double tube and crushed fully. Using the same material characteristics load displacement behaviors has been predicted for other die radii. The smooth energy absorption at initial compression and the very high energy absorption of double tube at the end are notable behaviors for designing energy absorbing devices. Not only high energy absorption is necessary but smooth energy absorption is also important for the safety of the occupant and other sophisticated devices in automobiles and space vehicles INTRODUCTION The first paper was published by Guist and Marble [2] in 1966Figure 1 by turning inside out a circular tube with an interest of finding energy absorbing devices suitable for the use in the landing structure of space vehicle. Inversion of tubes using die of specific filet radius was well discussed in[3].T.Y. Reddy [1] discussed the differences between the theory and experiment in internal and external inversion making simplified assumptions in the analysis. The reason for disagreement between theoretical prediction and experimental observation of load before the steady state conditionwere, as stated in the paper, because of neglecting the elasticity and Bauschinger effects. The work of Guist and Marble[2] was revisited by T.Y. Reddy [4] wherethe differences between experimental and theoretical optimum radii during external inversion of tubes were resolved. Figure 1:Free inversion of tube, flanged, clamped and compressed. Qui. et. al.,[5]found that the main flaw in all the models is the assumption of the profile of inversion to be semi-circle but the study in found that the curvature varies. Thereafter, an improved curvature varying model was established which agrees well with the FEA simulation as well as the experimental data published in[2], [4] and[5]. Axial buckling Figure 2, splitting, fracture Figure 3, initial inversion followed by buckling Figure 4 and fracture followed by scrolling are other deformation behaviors encountered if the parameters for inversion (which are tube geometry, die radius, strength and ductility of the tube) are not compatible.Despite having complexities, the reason to pick inversion as an important topic for research is because of its high specific energy absorbing capacity among other deformation modes where metals are used as energy absorbing material [6]. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) (SPECIAL ISSUE) www.ijirae.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91 IJIRAE © 201417, All Rights Reserved Page -195 Figure 2:Axial bucking of tube. Figure 3:Fracture of tube. Figure 4:Initial inversion followed by buckling. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS The specimens used were of 100mm in length with 50.8mm diameter and a thickness of 1.6mm. The dies used were of fillet radii 4 mm, 6 mm and 10 mm. The experimental load vs displacement plotsfrom quasi-static tests with a cross head speed of 1mm per minute from [1] areused in this paper for validation of FE analysis. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS Simulations were carried out using LS_DYNA FE software package for analysis. MAT_24 (MAT_PEICEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) and MAT_20 (MAT_RIGID) were the material cards used for the specimen and materials other than the specimen respectively. The material properties used for steel specimen were:density=7900 kg/m, Young's modulus = 200GPa, Poisson's ratio = 0.28, yield stress=630MPa, tangent modulus =160MPaand failure strain of 25%.For aluminium specimen density=2700kg/m, Young's modulus = 70 GPa, Poison's ratio = 0.3, yield stress=150MPa, tangent modulus =45MPa and failure strain of 25% were used. A mesh size of 2mm produced a good correlation and has been used for all the simulations. Four noded quadrilateral elements were used. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) (SPECIAL ISSUE) www.ijirae.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91 IJIRAE © 201417, All Rights Reserved Page -196 Figure 5:-Finite Element Model with Details Figure 6:Sectional view of External Inversion Figure 7:The process of external inversion. Figure 8:Axial splitting of tube for 10mm die radius. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) (SPECIAL ISSUE) www.ijirae.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91 IJIRAE © 201417, All Rights Reserved Page -197 Figure 9:Validation of experimental results with simulation for aluminium on 4mm die see Table 1. Figure 10:Experimental and simulation Load Displacement curve for 4mm die radius (aluminium specimen),Table 1. Figure 11:Validation of experimental results with simulation for steel on 4mm diesee Table 2. Figure 12:Experimental and simulation Load Displacement curve for 4mm die radius (steel specimen) see Table 2 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Issue 04, Volume 4 (April 2017) (SPECIAL ISSUE) www.ijirae.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2015): 47.91 IJIRAE © 201417, All Rights Reserved Page -198 Figure 13:Predicted load displacement curves with 4mm, 6mm and 10mm dies for aluminium specimens,


The study was undertaken to establish the thermal treatment parameters of spruce (Picea abies L.) wood that would ensure the highest possible value of the specific modulus of elasticity (E/ρ) and, thus, the best acoustic performance. The basic acoustic parameters of spruce wood were determined prior to and after its thermal treatment. As a result of thermal treatment, the samples density slightly decreased by about 1%, irrespective of temperature applied. The average value of Young modulus of the samples after modification at 120 to 160 °C increased from 10.1 to 10.7 GPa (6%). The specific modulus of elasticity increased on average by 6.5%. Increase of the modification temperature to 180 °C resulted in decreasing of the values of mechanical parameters by over 4%.


The quality of the mesh is one of the most critical aspects for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Many geometry criteria have been proposed and are widely used in business preprocessing software like ICEM CFD, PointWise, Gambit. However, these traditional geometry criteria fail to recognize some quality features that seriously affect the accuracy of numerical calculations, such as density and distribution of mesh elements. These quality features are usually evaluated based on engineering experience, which heavily increases the pre-processing cost and requires extensive engineering experience. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning model to solve the mentioned issues by offline learning. The proposed model is small and fast and can be embedded in pre-processing software. Experiment results show that the derived model is capable of performing the quality evaluating task and achieve an accuracy of 93.8%.


This paper proposed a sharp feature line extraction algorithm of 3D point cloud models based on Gaussian map and curvature value analysis,which aimed to solve the problems that previous algorithms existed,including could not distinguish sharp and non-sharp feature points,the extracted feature points were relative to perspective,or feature points weren't connected.First,this algorithm conducted discrete Gaussian map for point cloud data,and clustered these mapping point sets.Then it used an adaptive iterative procedure to get sharp feature points,these points mainty located on the intersection line of two or more point cloud surfaces,where curvature value or normal vector suddenly changed and they were independent of perspective.Finally,it used an improved feature polyline propagation algorithm,connected the feature points,and got smoothing feature lines.Experiments show that the algorithm has good adaptability,noise immunity and accuracy,it is an effective feature extraction algorithm for 3D models.


I explore the effects of the partisan composition of government on industrial aid disbursement in 14 EU member states during the period 1992-2004. Copyright (c) 2010 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.


SC Recently, significant advances have been made in the treatment of children with neuroblastoma. The clinical behavior of neuroblastoma, which is a common pediatric cancer, can be predicted by a number of factors, including the patient's age at the time of diagnosis, the stage of disease, and the biologic features of the tumor. Using these clinical and biologic prognostic criteria, patients can be classified as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk, and treatment is then tailored accordingly. Patients with lowand intermediate-risk neuroblastoma are usually cured with surgery alone or surgery combined with modest doses of chemotherapy. In contrast, high-risk patients have tumors that are clinically more aggressive and more difficult to cure. During the last 10 years, the Children's Oncology Group (COG) has conducted clinical trials that have demonstrated that for patients with lowand intermediate-risk neuroblastoma, high survival rates are maintained with a reduction of therapy. The reduced therapy is associated with fewer treatment-related toxicities, leading to better long-term outcome for these children. Progress has also been made in the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Previous cooperative group studies conducted in North America and Europe have shown that intensifying treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue improves the outcome of these children. In addition, in a recently completed randomized COG study, immunotherapy plus retinoic acid administered following consolidation was shown to significantly improve outcome compared to retinoic acid alone. The demonstration of the effectiveness of immunotherapy plus retinoic acid in the setting of minimal disease is a significant advance, and the results of this study were recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine.


Objective To explore the curative effect and unboward reactions of paclitaxel combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and calcium folinate(CF) on advanced gastric cancer.Methods Thirty-two patients with advanced gastric cancer were all treated with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 in 500 mL 5% glucose injection for 3 hours on day 1,CF 200 mg in 250 mL sodium chloriae injection on day 1-3,5-FU 2600mg/m2 fully-automatic continuous micropump for 46 hours by pump on day 1-2,repeated for three-weeks.Results Among 32 patients,the overall effective rate was 43.8%,including 4 cases with complete remission(CR)and 10 cases with partial remission(PR),14 cases without any change(NC),and 4 cases with disease progress(PD).The main untoward reactions were declined white blood cell(75.0%),Nausea and vomiting(71.9%),depilatory(37.9%).Conclusion The paclitaxel and 5-FU,CF had a comparative good curative effect on advanced gastric cancer and untoward reactions was tolerant.


This article observe the trends that have emerged over the recent years among student youth regarding the institution of family and having children, which negatively affect the demographic situation in the country. The question of preparing students to future family life is extremely relevant. The subject of this research is the socio-psychological aspects of the formation of attitude on starting a family among student youth. The object is the students of Primorsky Krai. Special attention is given to students' assessment of the factors deteriorating birthrate in the region. The research is based on analysis of the data acquired from various sociological surveys on studying socialization processes of student youth in the modern society. It is determined that the orientations towards starting a family and having children decisively form while studying in the university. Therefore, the educational establishments should dedicated due attention on preparing students to family life. It is necessary to develop the effective instruments for influencing social orientations on stimulating the process of family building. The universities should host mass events for increasing communication skill of the student youth. Currently, there are no mechanisms developed in the Internet for influencing the young generation; thus, this problem requires immediate solution.


Homelessness is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia, but in recent years it has become an increasingly prevalent social problem and requires a serious observation of all parties. The homelessness issues have also attracted the attention of the community and scholars because its implications on humanitarian issues, especially social exclusion and social justice. This study is based on three objectives, namely: (i) documenting demographic background of the homeless people in George Town; (ii) investigating the factors that caused them to become homeless people; and (iii) exploring the challenges of life experienced by the homeless people. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires with 30 homeless respondents, while in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 homeless informants in George Town. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS, and data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study found that personal factors and environmental factors as the main contributor to the homeless population in George Town. This study has the potential to contribute to the knowledge on the issue of social exclusion which applies to the homeless people in Malaysia and its implications for the sustainability of urban community life. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The area of ecological forest in Qiyang is 56 181.6 hm2,and accounts for 54.8% of forestry land.According to regional characteristics and current management types,by choosing typical patterns of ecological forest forestation,establishing standard plots,this paper provided a basis for scientific,regularization and standardization of forestation model of ecological forestry by explaining the main points in management after a period of observation and comparison.


Natural rubber latex (1% DRC) was used as a templating agent for the preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder using an ultrasonic technique at a constant temperature of 25°C (25 kHz). Di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2 HPO4) and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) were used as starting materials. The study investigated the effects of increasing sonication time (0, 20, 40 and 60 min) and effect of Ca:P ratios (1.67 and 1.50) on the properties of calcium phosphate (Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x, x = 0 and x = 1). To obtain HAp, latex containing calcium phosphate was dried at 60°C and calcined at 600°C for 2 hours. The thermal properties, crystallinity, functionality and morphology of the powders were evaluated using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results confirmed formation of mixed phases of HAp and β-TCP in all synthesised HAp samples. Both the crystalline size and crystalline material fraction (as %) of x = 0 were higher than for x = 1. After 20 minutes, these two properties tended to decrease with increasing sonication time. FT-Raman studies also revealed the presence of OHin the hydroxyapatite phase with longer sonication times, with the (ν1(PO -3 4)) mode (962 cm -1) being present for both x = 0 and x = 1. TEM images demonstrated decreasing HAp particle diameters with increasing sonication time. These subsequently formed longer, nanorod-like shapes in the case of calcium-deficient HAp (x = 1).


- The iRAP model aims to reduce the number of road accidents or their severity by assigning a Star Rating (SR) to every 100 m of the road. The SR were derived from accident statistics and studies from several countries and organizations. However, these results may not be applicable to other countries or regions due to differences in the safety of vehicles and the behaviour of road users. This research proposes new iRAP Star Rating (SR) bands for two-lane rural roads in Ecuador. The study analysed more than 600 kilometres on the country's road network and estimated the SRS values every 100 m after collecting the road infrastructure attributes that could impact the likelihood of severity of a crash. The iRAP results were compared with the actual traffic accidents in the country, and, after statistical analysis, the study proposed new thresholds that better fit the Ecuadorian data. This process can be used by other countries to calibrate their own thresholds.


The paper describes conception of a reconnaissance mobile robot TELERESCUER for inspecting underground coal mine areas affected by catastrophic events. The introduction describes the whole project background and the following sections deal with the design of the control system and communication between individual subsystems. The subsystems described include the motion subsystem, the sensory subsystem (temperatures, gas concentration, air flow, navigation and cameras), the subsystem for 3D map data acquisition and the communication subsystem. Mentioned also is the ATEX implementation (where the robot can safely operate in an environment with dangerous concentrations of methane). INTRODUCTION The goal of the project "System of the mobile robot TELERESCUER for inspecting coal mine areas affected by catastrophic events" is to develop a system for virtual teleportation (virtual immersion) of rescuers to the subterranean areas of a coal mine that have been closed due to a catastrophic event within them (Telerescuer, 2016; Timofiejczuk, et al. 2016; Moczulski, et al 2016.). Nowadays, human rescuers inspect such areas alone. The activities of rescuers in places impacted by such disasters are extremely dangerous. Moreover, human rescuers are allowed to enter a restricted area only if the values of several critical parameters achieve acceptable levels, which often require long waiting times. To overcome these problems and improve the efficiency of operation of the human rescuers, a TeleRescuer system has been developed. The TeleRescuer system takes advantage of a special Unmanned Vehicle (UV) capable of moving within the area affected by the catastrophic event (i.e., with many obstacles, such as parts of damaged machinery and equipment, fallen rocks, damaged installations). The UV is equipped with sensors and video cameras. The requirements mentioned above have to be guaranteed in surroundings where methane is present. It means that all robot subsystems have to be designed in accordance with the ATEX requirement Group I, Category M1 – "Equipment in this category is required to remain functional with an explosive atmosphere present". STATE OF ART There are a number of projects relating to problems of mobile robots at underground coal mines. All the projects mentioned below have one main problem in common – implementation of the ATEX in the robot design. This is probably the most important difference for these robots when compared to the "normal" field mobile robots. One of the projects, a Chinese mobile robot, shown in Figure 1 (Gao Junyao, et al, 2009) – is a robot with six tracks, which weighs is 65 kg, travels at 3.2 km/h maximum speed, has about 4 hours of working time (about 2 hours if moving continuously), can climb a slope of 30 degrees and can communication over a distance of 1 km. Additionally, it can carry 5 kg of food or medical supplies. The robot shown in Figure 1 consists of a mechanical vehicle, driving system, control system, communication system, sensor system, storage batteries and remote control system. 1 VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Robotics, Czech republic, firstname.lastname@example.com Mob: +420 59 732 3595 2 SkyTech Research llc., Gliwice, Poland 3 Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland 4 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain Coal Operators Conference The University of Wollongong 8-10 February 2017 333 Figure 1: Chinese coal mine rescue robot Another example of a mobile robot designed for usage in coal mines is the Mine Rescue Robot (MINBOT) described by (Wang, et al, 2014). Its second generation – MINBOT-II – is developed based on the experiences learnt from the applications and experiments of the first generation (MINBOT-I) shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Minibot-I robotic platform The mobile robot NUMBAT shown in Figure 3 is a mine reconnaissance robot designed in the 1990s by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. The Numbat is an eight-wheeled mobile platform with an on-board gas analysis package to provide information on the environmental conditions within the mine (Jonathon, et al, 1998). Figure 3: Robot Numbat The mobile robots for coal mines described above have some disadvantages like their large size, teleoperation only (no autonomy), no ability to create a 3D map of the surroundings and most probably, problems with meeting the actual ATEX requirements. Other serious problems include: communication distance is shorter than required, ability to overcome obstacles is low, autonomous movement ability is weak or non-existent. Some tracked robots are not suitable for crossing rough surfaces caused by an explosion in a coal mine. Thus the practical robot for detection and rescue in Coal Operators Conference The University of Wollongong 8-10 February 2017 334 coal mine should have the abilities of movement on rough surface with obstacles, in smoke-filled and dusty environments, must have the explosion-proof design (Chinese standards for these conditions are less stringent when compared to European standards) and a waterproof design, many sensors, wireless and safe communication (optimally with a backup line), a teleoperation system and other subsystems like a 2D or 3D laser scanner for map building, autonomous behaviour, etc. Other information about similar projects are mentioned e.g. in Kasprzyczak, et al, 2012; Kasprzyczak, et al, 2016. SPECIFIC PROJECT OBJECTIVES The identification of needs has been carried out in close collaboration with the Central Mining Rescue Station (CMRS) (Timofiejczuk, et al, 2015). First, the rescuers filled out special questionnaires. Additionally, interviews with experienced rescuers and discussions with the higher engineering personnel of CMRS have been performed. Results of those activities have been summarized and reported (Moczulski, et al 2014). The platform should have the ability to pass obstacles such as conveyor structures, conveyor drives, excavation protection structures and their intersections, hydraulic or wood racks, railroad tracks, turnouts, loading ramps, winches, transformers, switchgear or single switches, pumps, hoses, drainage, metal sheets, elements of concrete, construction machines and their fixing – beam, struts, chains, wire ropes, tubes, pipes, cables, ventilation fans and chutes. In mine roadways there can be present bulky materials (over 25 cm) left (abandoned) during transport, such as mining carts, platform, locomotives, mine roof sections, components, parts, roadway support arches, concrete lining, mesh lining, bales of ventilation cloth, metal and wooden racks, structural wood in the form of timbers, planks, beams, metal crates and boxes used for transporting spare parts. It is required to carry out measurements, transmission, visualization and recording of temperature and humidity and temperature of selected elements of the robot body in a continuous way. Exceeding the temperature threshold shall be indicated. The operator should be able to easily and quickly program the contents of the measurement cycle. Registration of the results should include time stamps. Placement of some sensors (CH4, O2) on a vertically retractable telescopic mast (independent of the arm) – enables rising sensors up to 3 m. The required measurements of environmental parameters and composition of mine atmosphere are:  Methane (CH4). Place of measurement: under the roof. Range: 0 to 5 % and 5 to 100 % vol.  Carbon monoxide (CO). Place of measurement: at face level. Range: 0 to 10000 ppm.  Carbon dioxide (CO2). Place of measurement: near the floor. Range: 0 to 5 % vol.  Oxygen (O2). Place of measurement: usually at face level. Range: 0 to 25 % vol.  Air flow (velocity and amount of air flow). Place of measurement: various methods but usually at the whole cross section of the excavation. Measurement range: 0.2 to 20 m/s.  Temperature and relative humidity. Place of measurement: usually at face level in place of free flow of air. Temperature range: -20 to +60°C. Relative humidity range: 0 to 100 % RH. ACTUAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT The TeleRescuer robot shown in Figure 4 consists of the main body with tracked arms (motors, motor controllers, batteries and control system are encapsulated in a flameproof housing), a sensor arm with a camera head (three degrees of freedom), a 3D laser scanner unit and a mote deploying subsystem (motes are small Wi-Fi repeater modules with their own independent power units). The most important part of the mobile robot is the sensor head on the sensor arm. The sensor head is a cylindrical module with a flameproof enclosure. It is energy independent with its own batteries. Communication with this module is done only through optical fibres (Ethernet). The sensor head Coal Operators Conference The University of Wollongong 8-10 February 2017 335 consists of five cameras (two for 3D vision, one with a wide field of view for site surveys, one for rear vision and one thermal camera). Figure 4: TeleRescuer body (view from back): 3D model – left and its visualization – right (by www.i3D.pl) This camera subsystem also contains remote lighting based on LED lights, various gas sensors and an inertial measurement unit (IMU Module). The control system for the sensor head is an embedded CPU board. Elevation of the sensor head, its rotation and lifting of the methane arm is realized with only one EC motor with four electromagnetic brakes – selection of the type of movement (lifting cylinder, rotating cylinder and lifting methane arm) is done by these four brakes. The 3D laser scanner shown in Figure 5 is based on a 2D laser scanner Sick LMS111 (it is designed for black surfaces). Because the laser beam measures only in a single plane, it is necessary to rotate the laser scanner to cover the whole space. The result of this measuring is a set of points usually called a point cloud (Olivka, et al 2016a; Olivka, et al 2016b). Figure 5: 3D laser sca


Introduction: Cataract is the major cause of blindness in the developing world. Study aimed at evaluation of tear film stability and tear secretion after phacoemulsification compared with MSICS. Material and methods: This prospective comparative randomized study was performed in a tertiary centre of Jharkhand between June 2018 to March 2019. 187 patients with senile cataract were included in this study. Group A had 110 patients undergoing MSICS and group B 77 patients undergoing phacoemulsification. Dry eye symptoms(DES) characterizedby redness, burning, stinging, foreign body sensation, photophobia. Corneal fluorescein staining was performed. Basal Schirmer test was performed for assessment of aqueous tear production. Patients were examined post operatively on 1st week, 4th week and 3rd month. Results: Out of 187 patients 103(55.08%) were male and 84(44.91%) were female. Grade of DES increased significantly 1 week after each procedure compared to pre-operative data and remained increased after 4 weeks of surgery. After 3 months the symptoms decreased and returned to baseline data. Conclusion: MSICS is as effective as phacoemulsification with no difference between both techniques regarding tear film stability and tear secretion.


Quantum technology have attracted strong interest in recent years thanks to its extreme sensitivity to inertial forces and its strong immunity to drifts compared to conventional mechanical sensors. This paper introduces cold atom sensors as six-axis inertial sensors from the engineering point of view. In order to highlight the potential of this technology as needed for inertial navigation, a strapdown closed-loop-simulation has been developed. Furthermore, we present an error model for quantum sensors that includes terms such as quantum shot noise and phase noise of the reference laser. Considering this inherent stochastic characteristics, we made also a comparison with other conventional inertial measurement units. The analysis shows that quantum sensors with the same sensitivity as of for static measuring local gravity can determine their position with accuracy of one-meter level even after one hour, while other quantum sensors with less sensitivity exhibit for the same duration an amplitude up to 1 km, similar to conventional sensors.


Cyclopalladated compounds derived from N-donor ligands have attracted great interest in the last decade due to their novel and outstanding applications in the fields of organic synthesis, catalysis and photochemistry.[1] But among all cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine derivatives reported so far, the palladium was bound to the substituted Cp ring, resulting in a five-membered metallocycle.……


Calculations are reported for cycl[3,3,3]azine (I), the perinaphthenium anion(II), and cycl[3,2,2]azine (III), using a recently developed semiempirical SCF MO method. These indicate that (I) should be antiaromatic, with alternating bond lengths, unlike (II) or (III), and that it should have a low ionization-potential. The calculated charge-densities for (I) and (II) account well for the proton n.m.r. spectrum. A simple PMO treatment of (I) also indicates that it should be antiaromatic.


The rapid development of remote sensing technology has led to an increasingly multi-sourced remote sensing data. Storage and management of massive remote sensing data is the basis of remote sensing work. Based on the promotion of urban establishment up at mountains in Yunnan Province, this paper takes the Dianchi Basin as the study area, through the analysis of different spatial resolution, different temporal resolution and different spectral resolution of remote sensing data in Dianchi Lake Basin, and studied the raster data storage mode in the database. Finally, by means of ArcSDE spatial database engine technology and SQL SERVER database technology and geodatabase data model, geospatial database of remote sensing data in Dianchi Lake Basin is designed, we achieved the unified storage and management of multi-source remote sensing data in Dianchi Lake Basin, improved the management efficiency of remote sensing data, and provide baseline data to support the development and urban construction of Dianchi Lake Basin.


Control of complex turbulent dynamical systems involving strong nonlinearity and high degrees of internal instability is an important topic in practice. Different from traditional methods for controlling individual trajectories, controlling the statistical features of a turbulent system offers a more robust and efficient approach. Crude first-order linear response approximations were typically employed in previous works for statistical control with small initial perturbations. This paper aims to develop two new statistical control strategies for scenarios with more significant initial perturbations and stronger nonlinear responses, allowing the statistical control framework to be applied to a much wider range of problems. First, higher-order methods, incorporating the second-order terms, are developed to resolve the full control-forcing relation. The corresponding changes to recovering the forcing perturbation effectively improve the performance of the statistical control strategy. Second, a mean closure model for the mean response is developed, which is based on the explicit mean dynamics given by the underlying turbulent dynamical system. The dependence of the mean dynamics on higher-order moments is closed using linear response theory but for the response of the second-order moments to the forcing perturbation rather than the mean response directly. The performance of these methods is evaluated extensively on prototype nonlinear test models, which exhibit crucial turbulent features, including non-Gaussian statistics and regime switching with large initial perturbations. The numerical results illustrate the feasibility of different approaches due to their physical and statistical structures and provide detailed guidelines for choosing the most suitable method based on the model properties.


Objective To observe the effect of Qianliening capsule on EGF and EGFR expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model rats. Methods 60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Proscar control group and Qianliening capsule groups with different doses respectively. The rat model of BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone prepionate. After successive administration for 28 days, the wet weight and index of prostate in each group were observed, EGF and EGFR mRNA levels in rat prostate tissue were detected by RT-PCR assay, and EGF and EGFR protein expression were observed by immunohistochemical method. Results The wet weight and index of prostate, and mRNA levels and protein expression of EGF and EGFR in model group were significantly higher than that in control group respectively (P0.01). The wet weight and index of prostate, and mRNA levels and protein expression of EGF and EGFR in Proscar control group, Qianliening capsule groups with different doses were significantly lower than that in model group respectively (P0.05). Conclusion Qianliening capsule can inhibit the expression of EGF and EGFR in BPH rats, which might be one of the mechanisms of its curative effect.


The goal of this research endeavor is to take the previous calls of sport scholars to expand into alternative research approaches (e.g., history, case study, law reviews, philosophy, etc.) and to show how storytelling can be an effective tool through the use of a heuristic device. The present analysis attempts to focus on the usage of the historical ideal-type as a heuristic device for academic storytelling so that scholars within sport studies can possibly become more comfortable in other methodological approaches. To support this goal, an example of a sport-focused historical ideal-type is reviewed along with an ideal-type activity practiced in other disciplines. Finally, the contribution and employment of academic storytelling and historical ideal-types will be promoted as an important tactic to enhance the impact of a scholar's academic findings and overall writing potential.


In this contribution, the author is interested in the dispute section found in Malachi 1:6-2:9. It is the longest dispute found in Malachi and brings out the theological profile of the priest espec...


This paper proposed a new method which can reduce white noise using correlation functions of one-sided autocorrelation and linear prediction residual in the autocorrelation domain.When one-sided autocorrelation sequence is obtained,speech sequence is replaced by one-sided autocorrelation sequence.Then linear prediction coefficients and linear prediction residual are calculated.Based on it,a method of speech denoising is proposed that the noise residual is subtracted from the noisy speech signal in the proportion of subtracting coefficient μ,which is gained from proportion of residual and signal energy.Experimental results show that the structure of the speech spectrum is retained well and quality of the speech is not reduced in lower SNR yet.


Climate change is imposing increasingly severe impacts on public health. Addressing these impacts requires heightened awareness of climate-driven health conditions and appropriate clinical practices to manage these conditions. Within this context, the 2nd Annual Clinical Climate Change Conference, held January 24, 2020 at the New York Academy of Medicine, brought together more than 150 allied health practitioners from across the United States for a one-day conference showcasing the state of the science on the climate and health. Eight platform presentations-including a keynote address from Karenna Gore of the Center for Earth Ethics at Union Theological Seminary-covered a range of environmentally induced, climate-related disease areas as well as topics related to environmental justice. Additionally, key workshops engaged participants in the clinical management of climate-related health conditions. Communicating the existing evidence base for climate change-driven impacts on human health is crucial for preparing practitioners to identify and address these impacts. Further partnership between researchers and practitioners to extend and disseminate this evidence base will yield important advancements toward protecting patients and improving health outcomes in an era of climate crisis.


Introduction:
 A novel synthetic hybrid warp-knit with non-biodegradable (polyethylene terephthalate: PET) and biodegradable (poly-L-lactic acid: PLLA) yarns coated with crosslinked gelatin (OFT) has been used to induce in situ canine aortic wall regeneration. A recent pivotal clinical trial in Japan revealed the effectiveness and safety of this approach in pediatric cardiac surgery.

 Hypothesis:
 The regenerated aortic wall will show long-term extensibility with tissue maturation as the biodegradable yarns dissolve.

 Methods:
 An oval-shaped defect created in the canine descending aorta was filled with a patch using OFT or a currently used material (ePTFE or bovine pericardium). At 2 to 4 years after implantation, the patch-implanted aorta was explanted for histological examination and stretch-testing.

 Results:
 OFT induced a well-matured aortic wall characterized by a layered endothelium and an intima of aligned collagen fibers and smooth muscle. Bridging tissues containing capillaries developed across the remaining non-absorbable yarns. Material degradation indicated by calcium deposition was not apparent in the OFT-regenerated wall, but was clear in walls generated by currently used materials, in which only avascular collagen layers developed. The OFT-regenerated wall maintained physiological strength and was extensible by 80 to 200% of the starting width.

 Conclusions:
 The aortic wall regenerated over the OFT patch continued to mature without material degradation in the long term and showed favorable extensibility that could not be achieved with currently used materials. These long-term findings provide strong support for the suitability of use of OFT as a surgical material in pediatric cardiac surgery.


The present invention relates to novel antagonists, and conditions and diseases, especially lung disease the use thereof for providing (e.g., asthma and COPD), treatment agent for the formula (I) for the CCR2 (CC chemokine receptor-2) . Formula I


In this paper we construct a symmetric monoidal closed model category of coherently commutative Picard groupoids. We construct another model category structure on the category of (small) permutative categories whose fibrant objects are (permutative) Picard groupoids. The main result is that the Segal's nerve functor induces a Quillen equivalence between the two aforementioned model categories. Our main result implies the classical result that Picard groupoids model stable homotopy one-types.


Objective:To investigate the subtotal laparoscopic surgery and clinical value of surgical methods.Methods:Retrospective analysis from December 2002 to May 2008 I am the purposes of Section 218 cases of gallbladder surgery in most patients with clinical data.Results:218 cases completed in laparoscopic surgery,this group of non-death cases,no postoperative bleeding,no extrahepatic bile duct injury,surgical time 20-60 minutes,an average of 35 minutes,no conversion,no long-term complications disease.Conclusion:The residual in the proper handling of the gallbladder and drainage catheter,the majority of laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is a safe and feasible,less trauma and less complications and quicker recovery after the surgery,with strong clinical value.


A new ultra-fine piercing process utilizing SiC fiber as a punch was proposed and micro holes of 14 /spl mu/m diameter were successfully pierced for three kinds of metal foils 8 to 15 /spl mu/m in thickness. In this paper, process refinement to assure the stability of piercing action and good tool life are discussed. As a result of applying a vacuum system, it is confirmed that tool life is rather improved for aluminum and beryllium copper foils and also good quality is maintained after 1000 heats.


The Soviet people received the decisions of the Twenty-sixth Congress of Lenin's party with a great deal of enthusiasm. The highest forum of our country's communists summed up the totals of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and articulated the general directions of the party's economic and social strategy for the next five-year period and the period up to 1990. A bright new page has been written into the history of the struggle for the construction of communist society. The Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU [Communist Party of the Soviet Union], which was presented by its General Secretary—Leonid Il'ich Brezhnev—and other congress documents are a distinguished contribution by our party and its Leninist Central Committee to the creative development of revolutionary theory and to far-reaching social, economic, and political reforms responsive to the basic aspirations of the working people and the interests of peace and socialism.


Simple Summary Cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, frequently acquire consecutive somatic mutations in the genome, which contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. Activation-induced deaminase is an enzyme responsible for generating the highly diverse B cell repertoire but it can also induce substantial collateral damage within the genome of cells. Hence, it is important to assess whether AID contributes to cancer mutations and to the course of disease. This research shows that AID contributes to the acquisition of somatic cancer-specific mutations in a mouse model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia reflected in prolonged overall survival of leukemic mice lacking AID expression. These data should initiate future studies to assess the effect of AID inhibition on the occurrence of drug resistance. Abstract Adaptive somatic mutations conferring treatment resistance and accelerated disease progression is still a major problem in cancer therapy. Additionally in CLL, patients receiving novel, efficient drugs frequently become treatment refractory and eventually relapse. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a cytosine deaminase that catalyzes somatic hypermutation of genomic DNA at the immunoglobulin locus in activated B cells. As considerable off-target mutations by AID have been discerned in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is essential to investigate to which extent these mutations contribute to disease progression to estimate whether AID inhibition could counteract drug resistance mechanisms. In this study, we examined the TCL1 mouse model for CLL on an AID pro- and deficient background by comparing disease development and mutational landscapes. We provide evidence that AID contributes to the acquisition of somatic cancer-specific mutations also in the TCL1 model and accelerates CLL development particularly in the transplant setting. We conclude that AID is directly determining the fitness of the CLL clone, which prompts further studies to assess the effect of AID inhibition on the occurrence of drug resistance.


The shapes of even-even N=Z nuclei $^{64}\mathrm{Ge}$, $^{68}\mathrm{Se}$, $^{72}\mathrm{Kr}$, $^{76}\mathrm{Sr}$, and $^{80}\mathrm{Zr}$ are studied using deformed relativistic mean field theory. Large deformations (\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.5) for ground states are found for $^{76}\mathrm{Sr}$ and $^{80}\mathrm{Zr}$ nuclei. The microscopic structures of these superdeformed configurations are emphasized.


Microsatellite instability is caused by an alteration of the mismatch repair systems, which can affect microsatellites within the entire human genome, causing errors in their replication. Published studies, mainly in the English literature, have found that some tumors, such as gastric ones, can express microsatellite instability. In this review, a description of the mismatch repair systems and their relationship with the presence of microsatellite instability in gastric tumors is presented, as well as its possible clinical utility, as an associated factor in the response to immunotherapy treatment, in patients with gastric cancer.


AbstractAn opening discussion of the rationale for sharing courseware between educators in terms of minimizing costs and maintaining quality is followed by a description of how sharing is accomplished and how hardware and software incompatibilities can impede the process. The author then introduces a system for circumventing the problems. This system, called a multilingual-interpreter system, allows a number of different authoring languages to be implemented on different machines while minimizing the work required to accomplish the task. By taking advantage of the large number of common properties (overlap) that exists between authoring languages, a reduction in time and effort is realized. In order to determine the extent of this overlap, an analysis was performed on five representative authoring languages: BASIC, CAN-7, COURSEWRITER, TUTOR, and NATAL The results of the analysis revealed that, when the syntactic portion of each language is ignored, a significant degree of functional overlap exists betwee...


Performance analysis of a system employing coordinate interleaving and constellation rotation in frequency-selective fading channels is presented. The achievable performance for L-branch microdiversity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver is analyzed and an upper bound on the average probability of bit error (Pb) is presented. Exact closed form expressions for pairwise error probability (PEP) are derived for single-symbol transmission in a multi-path fading environment. It is shown that the derived upper bound is tight for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The optimum rotation angles are found by minimizing the upper bound and it is shown that the optimum rotation angles change as the number of diversity branches is increased. Furthermore the effect of different signal constellation mappings on the system performance is also presented and it is shown that the Gray signal constellation mapping is not necessarily the best option for the entire range of signal constellation rotation.


A strain of yeast named as strain G0901 was isolated from romaine lettuce stem by streak plate method.Morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical tests and 26S rDNA D1PD2 region sequence analysis revealed that it belonged to the species Wickerhamomyces anomalus.The major volatile compounds produced by the strain were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to be alkenes and alcohols,including limonene,myrcene,sabinene,α-pinene,ocimene,3-methyl-1-butanol,phenylethyl alcohol and 2-octanol.The relative content of limonene was 20%,which has been found present in other aroma-producing microorganisms at lower levels.Thus,strain G0901 holds promise for efficient limonene production by microbial fermentation.


Syntax Trees The concrete syntax of a language is an inductively-defined set of strings over a given alphabet. Its abstract syntax is an inductively-defined set of abstract syntax trees, or ast's, over a set of operators. Abstract syntax avoids the ambiguities of concrete syntax by employing operators that determine the outermost form of any given expression, rather than relying on parsing conventions to disambiguate strings. 4.1 Abstract Syntax Trees Abstract syntax trees are constructed from other abstract syntax trees by combining them with an constructor, or operator, of a specified arity. The arity of an operator, o, is the number of arguments, or sub-trees, required by o to form an ast. A signature is a mapping assigning to each o ∈ dom(Ω) its arity Ω(o). The judgement form termΩ is inductively defined by the following rules:syntax trees are constructed from other abstract syntax trees by combining them with an constructor, or operator, of a specified arity. The arity of an operator, o, is the number of arguments, or sub-trees, required by o to form an ast. A signature is a mapping assigning to each o ∈ dom(Ω) its arity Ω(o). The judgement form termΩ is inductively defined by the following rules: t1 termΩ · · · tn termΩ (Ω(o) = n) o(t1, . . . , tn) termΩ Note that we need only one rule, since the arity of o might well be zero, in which case the above rule has no premises. For example, the following signature, Ωexpr, specifies an abstract syn-


The increasingly presence of HVSC connection onboard ships opens the path for innovative applications, such as ship-to-shore connection. Indeed, it is possible to supply power to land during emergency (mainly to deployed camps/bases), thanks to the electric power generation capabilities of modern all electric ships. However, the use of the same system to provide both the HVSC and ship-to-shore connection functions require a careful assessment of the equipment to be installed both onboard and on land. To achieve that, ship-to-shore connection requires a shore side mobile substation, containing all the necessary equipment for the land power distribution, and a ship side substation, either implemented in shipboard power system or installable at need. To successfully implement such a system, an appropriate design of protection systems is required, assuring proper protection to equipment and people. Moreover, the capability of the ship-to-shore connection to supply an existing land power system implies a high rate of adaptability, and a careful assessment of the land power system's grounding and protections. The development of such technology will be relevant for military applications, but civilian application is possible and foreseen in future (dual-use technology). In this paper, an analysis of possible ship-to-shore connection configurations is made, together with considerations about protection of both the connection equipment and the supplied land power systems.


The 850nm VCSELs with various wavelength offsets in gain peak and FabyPerot dip were designed andfabricated. The VCSEL with IO nm offset has the fhreshold current with less temperature sensitivity and the best reliability. Verticakavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are attractive light sources for many optoelectronic applications due to their intrinsic properties of surface emission, circular output beam, lowcurrent operation, etc (I). The VCSEL's performances are sensitive to the mismatch in the position of the Fabry-Pent (FP) cavity resonant peak and the gain peak (GP) (2). Because both the 8 and the FP resonance will shift to longer wavelength when the device temperature increases during the device operation with the GP shifting faster than the FP resonance (3). For the optimum device performances, therefore the GP is typically designed to offset at a shorter wavelength side of the FP dip. To allow better alignment of these two peaks for wide temperature range of continuous-wave (cw) operation. In this paper, we report the performance comparison of GaAs VCSELs with various peak wavelength offsets between GP and FP dip and obtain optimum offset condition for the stable and reliable operation. Fig. I shows the temperature dependence of the threshold current (Im) for VCSEL A, B and C and it suggests that the VCSEL B has Ith with less temperature sensitivity in wide range at 25-700C. Fig. 2 shows the LI-V curve over temperature of the B. The VCSEL exhibits decrease in the slop efficiency (SE) with temperature. Finally we performed high temperature operating lifetest on these VCSELs (20 units for each VCSEL), at the operating condition of 18mA and 90 OC (standard module bum in condition). Fig. 3 suggests VCSEL B has the smallest increasing rate with better reliability operation. In conclusion, The VCSEL B with wavelength offset of IO nm has the lowest threshold current with less temperature sensitivity under continuous-wave operation and has the better operational reliability.


Ceria-based (CeO2-TiO2) catalysts were prepared by dry ball milling method with Ce2(C2O4)3 as precursor and TiO2 was chosen as a carrier. The prepared CeO2-TiO2 catalyst was treated in reaction atmosphere with addition of 1500 ppm SO2 in 40 and 60 h, respectively. The performances of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 as the reductant over the fresh and treated samples were investigated.


Inter-Ecclesial Relations Between Eastern and Latin Catholics: A Canonical-Pastoral Handbook seeks to fill the void in the canonical knowledge of many. Originally published in 2007 in Italian by Dimitri Salachas and Krzysztof Nitkiewicz under the auspices of the Pontifical Oriental Institute, the 2009 English edition was translated and edited by George D. Gallaro and published by the Canon Law Society of America. As stated in the Preface, this book is "not . . . intended only or even primarily for canon lawyers but has been conceived and developed first and foremost to meet the needs of the Catholic faithful who find themselves under the pastoral care of clergy of a Church sui iuris different from their own and for the parish priests and deacons who serve them."


This article reports the synthesis and characterization of four Ni(II) Schiff base complexes, [Ni(L)(H2O)], where H2L = N-(dehydroacetic acid)-thiosemicarbazide (H2dha-tsc), N-(dehydroacetic acid)-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (H2dha-mtsc), N-(dehydroacetic acid)-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (H2dha-ptsc), or N-(dehydroacetic acid)-4-phenylsemicarbazide (H2dha-psc). The nature of bonding and stereochemistry of these complexes have been deduced from elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectral studies, molar conductance, magnetic measurements, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies, and cyclic voltammetry. The stabilities of the complexes were determined in both solid state and solution. Molecular geometry optimizations and vibrational frequency calculations were performed with Gaussian 09 software package using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G for a ligand (dha-ptscH2) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ combination for [Ni(dha-mtsc)(H2O)]. Based on the combined experimental and theoretical studies, square planar geometry has been proposed for the Ni(II) complexes. The Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activities against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ) at different concentrations to get their minimum inhibition concentration values. The bactericidal activity was enhanced in metal complexes as compared to free ligands. Graphical abstract


CMP of Tungsten (W) in the wafer process flow pose a major challenge for robust stepper alignment, particularly at tighter design rules for 0.25 micron and beyond. Traditional alignment strategies based on optical diffraction often fail to provide alignment accuracy and consistency, as dictated by the tighter overlay budgets. Intensity based image analysis methods prove to be more successful in the alignment of metal CMP layers. In addition the noise reduction and signal processing capabilities of alignment sensors, the condition of the mark after W-CMP is vital for achieving good alignment. In this paper we report results from various alignment mark designs. The marks are designed to reduce the impact of CMP process variations on stepper alignment. Three types of alignment methods using laser diffraction, bright field imaging and laser interferometry techniques were investigated. The brightfield imaging alignment schemes provide the best results using a narrow trench mark separated by wider islands. Details of stepper alignment signals and overlay measurement results corresponding to some of the relevant mark design sand process variations are included in the paper.


Objective: To Synthesize and characterize PEGylated γ-T3 with m-PEG molecular weights of 350 (γ-T3PGS 350) and 1000 (γ-T3PGS 1000) and to Determine the oral bioavailability of the PEGylated γ-T3 in rats. Methods: γ-T3 was extracted from a 500 g batch of TocotrolTM L50P. γ-T3PGS 350 and γ-T3PGS 1000 were synthesized by a simple single ring-opening of half acid ester precursor, followed by controlled coupling to the terminally methylated PEG. Succination and subsequent PEGylation of γ -T3 were confirmed by HPLC, MS, and 1H-NMR studies. The effect of PEGylation on the oral bioavailability was tested in rats. Results: The succination of γ-T3 was confirmed by the appearance of the ethyl protons of the succinate at 2.75-2.86 ppm and the disappearance of the proton chemical shift from the hydroxyl group of γ-T3 at 4.7 ppm. Subsequent PEGylation was confirmed by the chemical shift at 4.23 ppm, which corresponds to the protons of the ethylene group of PEG that is directly linked to γ-T3S, and confirmed by MS and HPLC. Thee most interesting is that PEGylation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of γ-T3 as compared with regular formula and no significant difference was observed between the two molecular variants of mPEG 350 or mPEG 1000. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that PEGylation of γ-T3 represents a viable platform for the oral and parenteral delivery of γ-T3 for potential use in the prevention of breast cancer.


styptics is, that the effect is quicker, that it produces a coagulum wvhere otlher agents have failed, as in carcinomatous or scorbutic ulcers, and it does not retard the healing process. WVhen used, it should be crumbled, and a sufficient quantity (five grains to a scruple) pressed for a few minutes directly on the bleeding surface, afterwards applying a suitable compress. By this means it is made to penetrate into the finest apertures on the surface of the wound, causing instant coagulation of the blood oozing from the smaller vessels, and said to be reliable in all cases where the divided artery does not exceed a line and a half in diameter. Whether experience will substantiate what authors have told us concerning this much extolled styptic remains with us to be seen. (American MlIedical Times.)


formances or further analysis, for example. The Concert Player app differs in that it enables the user to combine sound recordings of orchestral solos by Apartment House to generate various audible versions of the piece. The app cannot replace the experience of multiple possibilities through performance and collaboration; however, it allows the user to readily explore 16,383 possible combinations with varied durations and sequences of score pages. After choosing a duration, the app enables the user to create an automatic or manual arrangement. The manual arrangement allows the user to select instruments and distribute their pages of notation and silences over time. The automatic arrangement has a more limited number of interactive features, for example, the number of instruments and pages can be specific or random. Additionally, the automatic arrangement can be edited in the same way as the manual one. Each arrangement can be played almost instantly with recordings for a personalised performance. As well as orchestral solos, there is a conductor's part for Concert for Piano and Orchestra, and the Concert Player app does not include this because it 'is a performative input, changing the performer's psychology whilst playing', thus bringing a 'further element of randomness to it, which is already instilled in the app through the random generation feature'. It is regrettably not possible to see the notation of the orchestral solos, however some can be viewed on the Cage Concert website and the score is published by Edition Peters. As a composer, listener and sometimes performer, I am especially interested in quiet, sparse, and durational indeterminate music. Therefore, the interpretations that I explored within the Concert Player app were mostly of durations of 20 minutes or more, few instruments and pages, and many silences. In fact, whilst working on my PhD thesis, I listened to a version for three hours, comprising three instruments (cello, viola and clarinet) and with only three pages each, separated by silences. I often listen to durational music, such as Éliane Radigue's Occam Ocean (2011–) and Eva Maria Houben's Breath for Organ (2018), whilst I work as a repeated listening practice, and I replicated this using the app. In contrast, I played with shorter durations of under 10 minutes with as many possible instruments and pages that would fit into that duration. Using the apps is less like work than like playing a problem-solving game. I played with several notations and their numerous possibilities, as well as automatic and manual arrangements of the Concert for Piano and Orchestra. It is amazing how quick and easy it is to hear such contrasting interpretations of the piece. What's remarkable about these apps is the ability to create versions of the piano's notation for performance in a much shorter time than it would usually take, and this should encourage more performances of the complex work with combinations of notations and instruments that have never been heard before. For example, just hours after Thomas's online workshop, James Joslin, composer and publisher, shared on Twitter his playing of the piano part's first page in 100 seconds. Furthermore, the apps are not only useful for performers, composers and researchers, but they could be used as a fun educational tool to show and explore the complexity but also the accessibility of Cage's music and other indeterminate works. The apps widen the understanding of this piece, which is an important milestone in extending the methods of analysis for the most complex indeterminate compositions.


Old buildings have many lessons they can teach. This paper looks at six buildings and one bridge and discusses some of the structural problems that have occurred and what lessons in serviceability and durability can be learned from these examples.


Three groups of researchers have independently synthesized examples of a new class of hybrid porous materials that incorporate organic components within a silica framework. One of the most significant features of these materials is the narrow distribution of their mesoscale pore sizes. They all have uniform pore diameters in the range of 20 to 40 A. The materials synthesized by two of the groups have wellordered hexagonal pores, whereas the channels in the materials synthesized by the other group are wormlike, with bends and turns. "What is so appealing about these materials is that for the first time designed organic functionality has been chemically integrated within the framework of a solidstate inorganic structure which exhibits crystalline mesoporosity," says Geoffrey A Ozin, a chemistry professor at the University of Toronto who leads one of the groups. The Toronto researchers synthesized what they call periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) that consist of a silica framework with ethene bridging ...


DURING the last few years, there has been a tendency in civil practice towards an increase in the out-patient treatment of minor conditions of the rectum and anus. Conditions such as thrombosed external piles and anal polypi have not for many years been considered serious enough to merit hospitalization; but it is only since the improvement in the methods of injection treatment that the majority of cases of internal hremorrhoids and anal fissure have been included in the same category. '1'he methods described in this article have no claim to originality, but are based on the successful results of recent rectal practice. The object of the article is to emphasize the advantages of employing these methods in military practice, and to draw attention to a type of treatment which is, perhaps, not so widely recognized as its merits deserve. The following figures comprise a· summary and analysis of all the cases of hremorrhoids and fissure treated in the Rectal Clinic at Queen Alexandra Military Hospital between June 1, 1932, and June 1, 1933.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an issue of global concern. It has been nine months since the first confirmed case of the coronavirus disease in Saudi Arabia. The recent COVID-19 outbreak has had a devastating impact on education, economic, stability and health. This study investigates the prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals in Almadinh KSA during COVID-19. Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to public in Amdadina KSA via Google forms collect the data. The responds included 78 female and 352 male, socio-demographic information including age, gender, and education levels was collected. Three mathematical models were determined to be powerful statistical techniques for classifying and predicting anxiety and depression: logistic regression, decision tree, and analysis. Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 92.6 % and 91.4.0%, respectively. The decision tree and linear discriminate analysis yielded the same results. The accuracy of correctly classified cases was the same in all three methods. This analysis reveals significant structural differences between three methods. There is a wide range of Saudi citizens who are at higher risk for dysfunctional behavior during COVID-19 pandemic.


Do the genes that make us intelligent make us intelligent in all respects? Or can one inherit from one's parents high general intelligence but also a problem in one specific area, such as in reading or mathematics or the ability to recognize other people? Recent major reviews have emphasized the role of general intelligence, or "g," noting genetic correlations across different cognitive domains that are present even in cognitive disorders (1, 2). In contrast, a recent study in PNAS (3) demonstrates that heritability can also occur for specialist cognitive processes. Moreover, the ability for which this is established is one long suggested as a candidate for domain specificity: face perception.


At present, hepatectomy is recognized as the first treatment option for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of HCC in China. HBV reactivation after hepatectomy often occurs, which can affect tumor recurrence and treatment efficiency, thus influence long-term survival. Antiviral therapy plays an important role in surgical resection of HBV-related HCC, and it can significantly inhibit HBV reactivation, reduce the liver damage, and increase the treatment efficiency considerably. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2014.08.015


Geography's location within the academic and institutional division of labour leads to considerable uncertainty, if not ignorance, among non-geographers regarding its nature. Partly as a consequence, the geographical literature is undoubtedly less referred to by other social scientists than ought to be the case: certainly geographers refer much more to the literature of other disciplines than do scholars in those disciplines refer to geographical works, leading Laponce to identify geography as a net importer of ideas and other materia1.I Before turning to a discussion of the periodical literature in geography, therefore, a brief outline of the discipline's contents and its institutional structure is provided.


Twenty-first century parallel programming models are
becoming real complex due to the diversity of architectures they need
to target (Multi- and Many-cores, GPUs, FPGAs, etc.). What if we
could use one programming model to rule them all, one programming
model to find them, one programming model to bring them all and in
the darkness bind them, in the land of MareNostrum where the
Applications lie. OmpSs programming model is an attempt to do so,
by means of compiler directives.
Compilers are essential tools to exploit applications and the
architectures the run on. In this sense, compiler analysis and
optimization techniques have been widely studied, in order to
produce better performing and less consuming codes.
In this paper we present two uses of several analyses we have
implemented in the Mercurium[3] source-to-source compiler: a) the
first use is to help users with correctness hints regarding the usage of
the OpenMP and OmpSs tasks; b) the second use is to be able to
execute OpenMP in embedded systems, with very little memory,
thanks to calculating the Task Dependency Graph of the application
at compile time. We also present the next steps of our work: a)
extending range analysis for analyzing OpenMP and OmpSs
recursive applications, and b) modeling applications using OmpSs
and future OpenMP4.1 tasks priorities feature.


Originally published in: Molecular Farming. Edited by Rainer Fischer and Stefan Schillberg. Copyright © 2004 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30786-9

The sections in this article are

Introduction
Host Species for Molecular Farming
Leafy Crops
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
White clover (Trifolium repens)
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Lupin (Lupinus spp.)

Dry Seed Crops
Maize (Zea mays)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Wheat (Triticum aestivium)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Soybean (Glycine max)
Pea (Pisum sativum)
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Fruit and vegetable crops
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Carrot (Daucus carota)
Banana (Musa spp.)

Oilcrops
Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica napus)
Falseflax (Camelina sativa)
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Unicellular Plants and Aquatic Plants Maintained in Bioreactors
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Physcomitrella patens
Duckweed (Lemna minor)

Non-cultivated Model Plants
Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression systems for molecular farming
Transgenic plants
Transplastomic plants
Virus-infected plants
Transiently transformed leaves
Hydroponic cultures
Hairy roots
Shooty teratomas
Suspension cell cultures

Expression strategies and protein yields
Conclusions

Keywords:

molecular farming;
host plants;
expression systems for molecular farming;
host species for molecular farming;
expression strategies and protein yields


This work presents a locally distributed common bus multiple-processor system intended to support a hierarchical signal processing scheme for biological signal analysis. Each peripheral unit¿the so called preprocessor (PP)¿executes real-time signal processsing algorithms over data multiplexed in an input bus. The result of this analysis is transferred to a host computer that integrates the received information from the PP's, saves it in disk when necessary, performs higher level data analysis, and interfaces to the user. The processing of electroencelographic (EEG) data will be used as a case study, due to the multidimensional aspects involved.


An Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that helps in the process of direct communication between humans and computers using brain activity or biosignals. With the help of BCI, it is possible to notice events related to cognitive, motor, and sensory activities particular to that event, and this response is seen as a P300 peak in EEG signals. This event-related potential of the EEG signals is usually used to build speller systems. The input of commands or texts to a computer by thought can be done with the help of a communication tool P300 Speller. Therefore, to build a faster speller system, fundamentally a correct identification and classification of P300 responses are required. The main objective of this paper is to explore the use of the deep learning models and to identify the P300 waves which help in visualizing the P300 signals from the given input EEG signals.


Portugal has 1,860 km of coastline and therefore has always had a strong element of value and cultural expression in the sea. This chapter presents a study that gives meaning to key cultural elements in Portuguese sun-and-sea destinations, integrating their heritage value and intangible cultural significance. Authors show how two large groups of heritage elements associated with the sea can be integrated into forms of visitation and leisure (lighthouses, forts and coastal garrisons). These heritage elements increasingly integrate tourism, diversifying and valuing it. Adding to these elements of material heritage, it is also important to refer to elements of intangible expression that are a reference for the life of the populations connected to the sea. Particular attention will be paid to the Xávega Art, and to the Rendas de Bilros handicraft, considering their inventory and safeguard.


The Internet is composed of networks, called Autonomous Systems (or, ASes), interconnected to each other, thus forming a large graph. While both the AS-graph is known and there is a multitude of data available for the ASes (i.e., node attributes), the research on applying graph machine learning (ML) methods on Internet data has not attracted a lot of attention. In this work, we provide a benchmarking framework aiming to facilitate research on Internet data using graph-ML and graph neural network (GNN) methods. Specifically, we compile a dataset with heterogeneous node/AS attributes by collecting data from multiple online sources, and preprocessing them so that they can be easily used as input in GNN architectures. Then, we create a framework/pipeline for applying GNNs on the compiled data. For a set of tasks, we perform a benchmarking of different GNN models (as well as, non-GNN ML models) to test their efficiency; our results can serve as a common baseline for future research and provide initial insights for the application of GNNs on Internet data.


" Equity, Justice, pu blicity" is base of bidding activity. It is called " San Gong" theory in general. The realizations of "San Gong" theory rely on effective supervision according to law, in which refusing corruption is the most important. This paper discusses the education, bidding rules, supervision rules, rewards and punishment rules etc. The purpose is to improve and train bidding supervisors to be probity and self-discipline, to prevent from corruption and ensure the bidding market develop healthily.


Received: 16 June 2016 Revised: 23 October 2016 Accepted: 20 February 2017 Abstract The sperm DNA damage may occur in testis, genital ducts, and also after ejaculation. Mechanisms altering chromatin remodeling are abortive apoptosis and oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species. Three classifications of intratesticular, post-testicular, and external factors have been correlated with increased levels of sperm DNA damage which can affect the potential of fertility. Alcohol consumption may not increase the rate of sperm residual histones and protamine deficiency; however, it causes an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. In a medical problem as spinal cord injury, poor semen parameters and sperm DNA damage were reported. Infection induces reactive oxygen species production, decreases the total antioxidant capacity and sperm DNA fragmentation or antigen production that lead to sperm dysfunctions and DNA fragmentation. While reactive oxygen species generation increases with age, oxidative stress may be responsible for the age-dependent sperm DNA damage. The exposing of reproductive organs in older men to oxidative stress for a long time may produce more DNA-damaged spermatozoa than youngers. Examining the sperm chromatin quality in testicular cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma patients prior to chemotherapy demonstrated the high incidence of DNA damage and low compaction in spermatozoa at the time of diagnosis. In chemotherapy cycles with genotoxic agents in cancer patients, an increase in sperm DNA damage was shown after treatment. In overall, those factors occurring during the prenatal or the adult life alter the distribution of proteins associated with sperm chromatin induce changes in germ cells which can be detected in infertile patients.


Two experimental techniques have been used to quantify the atomic oxygen density in the case of hot air plasma generated by a microwave (MW) resonant cavity. The latter operates at a frequency of 2.45 GHz inside a cell of gas conditioning at a pressure of 600 mbar, an injected air flow of 12 L/min and an input MW power of 1 kW. The first technique is based on the standard two photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) using xenon for calibration but applied for the first time in the present post discharge hot air plasma column having a temperature of about 4500 K near the axis of the nozzle. The second diagnostic technique is an actinometry method based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES). In this case, we compared the spectra intensities of a specific atomic oxygen line (844 nm) and the closest wavelength xenon line (823 nm). The two lines need to be collected under absolutely the same spectroscopic parameters. The xenon emission is due to the addition of a small proportion of xenon (1% Xe) of this chemically inert gas inside the air while a further small quantity of H2 (2%) is also added in the mixture in order to collect OH(A-X) and NH(A-X) spectra without noise. The latter molecular spectra are required to estimate gas and excitation temperatures. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements, at for instance the position z=12 mm on the axis plasma column that leads to a gas measured temperature equal to 3500 K, an excitation temperature of about 9500 K and an atomic oxygen density 2.09×1017±0.2×1017 cm−3. This is in very good agreement with the TALIF measurement, which is equal to 2.0×1017 cm−3.


A new type of index profiles is proposed, which can minimize modal dispersion of multimode optical fibers over an extended spectral range. We deal with a wide class of dopant profiles having an arbitrary distribution in the core. The optimum profiles of the dopant materials are investigated for GeO2 + P2O5 doped silica fibers using numerical calculation. It is shown that a r.m.s. (root mean square) pulse broadening can be reduced to 0.02 ns/km between 0.6 μπι and 1.7 μπι in the gradedindex fibers with the optimized dopant concentration distribution. 2 Theory


The self-mixing interference based on a Vertical-cavity Surface-Emitting Laser(VCSEL) was investigated.By taking a VCSEL as the source of a self-mixing interferometric system,the effect of different types of scattering surfaces and injection currents on the self-mixing signals was analyzed.It is concluded that the black and glossy photographic paper target will bring unfavorable influence on the self-mixing velocimeter and the operating currents with 1-1.4 times of the threshold currents can offer a self-mixing signal with a stable and great amplitude.For the longer preheating time,the power-up time of self-mixing velocimeter was discussed,and the results show that Doppler frequency will be stable and accurate after 17 s.The obtained results provide instructions for the parameter optimization and the choice of light source of a self-mixing velocimeter using the VCSEL.


Flow and pressure ripple in swash plate type piston pumps is largely dependent on the design of notches(silencing grooves) in the valve plate. In uni-directional pumps, the basic design concept for notches in the valve plate could be said to be established. It is easily deduced that the design concept for notches in uni-directional pumps can not be simply applied to bi-directional pumps requested for EHA(electric hydrostatic actuators). To carry out systematic research on technological issues regarding notch applications to bi-directional piston pumps, five notch designs are devised. The effects of the notch designs on the characteristics of the pump are investigated by numerical simulations and experiments. Through this study, basic concepts about notch design for bi-directional piston pumps are suggested. * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Pukyung National University, Namgu, Busan, 48547 Korea 2 Sewon Cellontech, 44-1 Woongnam-Dong, Changwon Kyeongnam, korea Copyright C 2016, KSFC This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 기호 설명  : marginal suction pressure  : aeration pressure  : revolutional speed  : length of notch  : notch angle depicted in Fig. 5  : notch angle depicted in Fig. 5  : volumetric displacement  : leakage from suction port to cylinder  : pressure in cylinder  : pressure in suction port  : flow coefficient in suction port


A numerical model based on nonlinear shallow water equations is applied to study oscillations in harbors of various shapes including L-type harbors, I-type harbors with a narrowed area, a C-type harbor, a T-type harbor, and I-type harbors with a seabed crest or trough. The second mode shows a higher amplification factor at the head of an L-type harbor as its bending position is nearer to the harbor mouth. As a narrowed area of an I-type harbor is located nearer to the harbor mouth, amplification factors of the first and second modes at the harbor head are lower and higher, respectively. A C-type harbor shows rather complicated amplification because the phase difference between waves propagating through two harbor mouths depends on the position inside the harbor. The oscillation in an actual bay, i.e., Urauchi Bay, which has a shape similar to that of a T-type harbor, is also numerically simulated; damping processes are compared between Urauchi Bay and a T-type harbor.


Summary In order to assess the potential value of differently managed cacao plantations for bird conservation on Sulawesi, we surveyed birds in near-primary forest (with limited timber and rattan extraction, and some hunting), cacao plantations with remnant forest trees and plantations lacking forest trees, from February to April 2007. A total of 16 50 x 50 m plots were visited twice and records of 87 species were obtained. Bird species richness and the number of endemics and forest specialists decreased along this gradient of forest conversion, with 20% of the forest specialists, among them 10 endemics, exclusively found in forest. Species composition changed dramatically between habitat types. Sørensen indices showed a similarity of species composition between forests and plantations of 45–60% for forest specialists and 65–71% for all species. The most important environmental variable for the diversity and composition of birds was the number of remnant rainforest trees present in the plantations. Our results suggest that large, undisturbed rainforest are most important for the conservation of forest specialists and endemics but that cacao plantations, if managed to maintain a high and diverse cover of forest trees, can harbour up to 60% of forest specialists and endemics.


Hot forming molds having a rapid cooling function and a cooling method of such molds are introduced. The hot preforming mold having the rapid cooling function of the present invention is provided with a coolant storage unit in which coolant is filled, and is accommodated in the coolant storage unit and sprays new coolant to inject vortices into the coolant stored in the coolant storage unit. Vortex generating means for generating is built-in, the inlet is formed on both sides facing each other, The vortex generating means is formed so as to be mounted to the inlet and formed at one end thereof so that the cooling water can be introduced, and a fixed end formed at the other end thereof so as to be mounted to the inlet and to prevent the cooling water outflow. It is formed in a cylindrical shape, the outer peripheral surface is formed with a cooling water jet hole and the main body for flowing out the cooling water flows into the cooling water reservoir through the inlet and the fixed end.