In the early part of twentieth century, T. S. Eliot set a good example for new criteria and taste for the twentieth century poetry and literary criticism in reaction against the previous Romantic and Victorian age. But strangely enough, Eliot's reputation of being a great critic almost abrruptly came to an end after his death in 1965. Since then Eliot as a literary critic has been at a low ebb. Some regarded Eliot even as a reactionary critic. This seems to be due to the rise of the so-called French "Theory" based on structuralism and poststructuralism in the late sixties. During the period of Continental literary theories represented by Jacques Lacan, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida stoutly commonsense school of British literary cirticism was out of fashion. But theory-ridden French connection has already reached an impasse at the end of the twentieth century. Now we need a new paradigm of literary theory and critical practice for the 21st century. T. S. Eliot both as poet and critic seems to me a very great defender of sanity and experience. To use Eliot's own words on John Dryden, "the first master of English criticism", "the more I consider contemporary reflexion upon criticism, the more thankful I am for what we may call [Eliot's] critical orthodoxy." Eliot has always been a great "normal" critic: "A great merit of [Eliot] as a critic and as a critical influence is that he never transgresses the line beyond which the criticisms of poetry become something else." Eliot always sticks to the sound boundary between criticism and creation, never tries to be esoteric but stays normal. Tradition as an antidote to the apocalyptic present may be the healing power of the future. Eliot's criticism belongs to the wisdom literature, so now we need to return to the early criticism of T. S. Eliot for the new age of "normal" criticism. Is it a "return of the repressed"? Definitely yes. Eliot's early criticism still seems to me an essential part of living critical principle and fresh dam of critical insight. The aim of this essay thus is to reread some major critical terms and issues in Eliot's early critical essays. The idea of tradition, the theory of impersonalism, and the terms of objective correlative and the dissociation of sensibility should be restored and reinterpreted as a new line of flight in the field of critical arena for the new century. All the critical terms and ideas in Eliot's critical practice should be reformulated and rejuvenated for the ecology of critical culture. If so, T. S. Eliot as a "discursive initiator" like Marx and Freud could provide us with an innovative set of critical insight and wisdom in the new age of postcolonialism, multiculturalism and globalism.


Microhardness and wear resistance of a hard chromium coating obtained with a solution containing organic additive were investigated as a function of heat treatment temperature. Meanwhile, XPS, EDAX and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted to reveal the underlying micromechanism. It was found that: (1) the microhardness and the wear resistance both were significantly improved when the coating was heat-treated at 200℃~300℃ for 1 hour; (2) the content of carbon element within coating was rather high; (3) no changes in crystal structure could be detected for the heat-treated coating. Based on the above results, it was suggested that some sort of organic carbonides must be generated during the heat-treatment, which should be responsible for the properties and improvements.


The sorus of Danœa, though its structure in the mature state has been repeatedly described, has not yet been studied as regards its development. The oblong, cake-like sori lie parallel to one another on the lower surface of the leaf, their longer axes following the course of the vascular bundles. Each sorus consists of two rows of loculi, of approximately equal size, completely sunk in the rather massive tissue of the wall. Dehiscence is described as being by a pore at the apex of each loculus.


Studies have identified that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphism rs10069690 (C>T) is associated with cancer risk, but the results remain inconclusive.


Sum-frequency mixing in neodymium-doped YAl3(BO3)4 of its fundamental laser line at 1062 nm and the pump light from a tunable Ti:sapphire laser has been used to generate blue radiation from 435 to 465 nm in an end-pumped configuration. In nonoptimal preliminary experiments 22 μW at 458 nm was obtained out of 200 mW absorbed power at 807 nm. Nd:YAB, therefore, emerges as a promising laser material for diode-pumped solid-state lasers in the blue spectral region.


AIA, MAHESH G. Directed Waypoint Model: A Hybrid Approach to Realistic Mobility Modeling in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. (Under the direction of Assistant Professor Mihail L. Sichitiu). Researchers are highly dependent on simulations to compare and evaluate the performance of Mobile Ad-hoc networking protocols. Mobility modeling plays a very important role in simulation-based studies of MANET protocols, since the mobility of nodes is the limiting factor in the performance of such protocols. Currently, simulations of MANET protocols rely on simplistic, purely stochastic models such as the random waypoint. These models do not reflect the motion of real world MANET nodes, which may be deployed in diverse scenarios. At the present time, the only available alternative to these models is fine-grained detailed simulations based on extensive surveys of actual node behavior, or extensive sets of real world traces. This work proposes an alternative hybrid mobility model that extracts scenario-specific information from real traces and generates realistic node movements for particular scenarios. The distinguishing features of our model are its ability to reproduce spatial-temporal node movement properties from sample traces and its general adaptability to traces from any real-life scenario. We develop a framework for our model and apply it to reference traces from several realistic scenarios. The hybrid model is then evaluated for accuracy by comparing the performance of MANET routing protocols using random waypoint with realistic parameters and our model against the original reference traces used by our model. The results show the relevance of accounting for spatial and temporal aspects of node movements in mobility models. Directed Waypoint Model: A Hybrid Approach to Realistic Mobility Modeling in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks


A defocused transfer function of experimental microscopic bright-field images, closely connected with the evaluation of the relative refractive index profile of axially symmetric optical fibers, is presented. It is shown that with this function it is possible to obtain, with high precision, the defocused bright-field images of investigated fibers from their focus images and then to easily evaluate the relative refractive index profiles of the fibers.


Objeetive To investigate the effects of fluoride on ultra-structure of thyroid in rats.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,20 rats in each group.One was control group,the other tree groups were respectively administered 1.19×10-3 mol/L(LF),2.38×10-3 mol/L(MF),and 4.76×10-3 mol/L(HF) of sodium fluoride in drinking water,respectively.The total feeding experiment lasted 1 50 days.Thyroid tissues of rats were collected and ultra-thin sections were made and thyroid ultra-structure wa8 observed under electronic microscope.Results In LF group,nuclear pycnosis and cell vacuolization were observed.In MF group,the electron density decreased,and mitochondria reduced in number.In HF group,some mitochondria were Seen swelling,colloid of thyroid follicles aecumulated,the electronic density in this site increased,microvilli of thyroid endothelial cells decreased significantly,and the amount of lysosome significantly increased.In MF and HF group,organelle disordered,vacuolization in cell endoplasm appeared,membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)broke,ribosomes ablated,mitochondria swollen and vacuolated,some cristaes of mitochondria disrupted or disappeared.Conclusion Fluoride can damage the ultra-structure of thyroid,especially the bio-membranes of thyroid cells.

Key words:
Fluoride poisoning; Rats; Thyroid; Ultrastructure


A novel Compressed sensing (CS) method based on two-dimensional measurements is proposed that can be effectively utilized in Impulse radio ultra-wideband wireless sensor networks (IR-UWB WSNs) to significantly reduce the energy consumption and sampling rate in sensor data transferring.We start by establishing the CS measurement model by taking both spatial and temporal correlations of Wireless sensor network (WSN) data into account. Since our model incorporates a new type of measurement matrix: the block quasi-Toeplitz structured matrix, we derive the Restricted isometry property (RIP) of the block quasi-Toeplitz structured matrix to ensure the performance of the two-dimensional recovery of WSNs data. We substantiate our mathematical analysis by numerical examples in the context of ideal spares vector and realWSN data, and results demonstrate that the approach achieves significantly saving of energy and sampling rate with small reconstruction error.


The invention discloses a preparing technology of a high-performance straw fiber plastic-wooden composite material, and relates to the technical field of straw fiber-based plastic-wooden composite materials. The preparing technology comprises the following steps of: carrying out microwave drying treatment, high-temperature high-pressure steam explosion modifying treatment and inorganic boron nitride nanopowder coating modification pretreatment on rice straws which serve as the raw material, uniformly mixing the treated rice straws with thermoplastic resin, an interfacial modifier and other additives, carrying out microcellular-foaming extrusion molding on the mixture in a mould after uniform mixing, cooling and demoulding to obtain the high-performance straw fiber plastic-wooden composite material. According to the invention, a preparing method capable of effectively obtaining the high-performance straw fiber-based plastic-wooden composite material can be obtained by proceeding from the principle of interfacial atom combination and a microcellular foaming technology, planning to use a high-temperature high-pressure steam explosion technology and adopting a microwave drying technology and inorganic boron nitride nanopowder lubricant surface coating, so that harmless treatment of crop straws and efficient comprehensive utilization of resources can be realized.


1 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2 Radiology, and 3 RESULTS: The mean pulsatility index (PI) was significantly higher in LPD group (n=15) compared to fertile group (n=44) in luteal phase of menstrual cycles (p<0.001) in the dominant side of the ovarian artery. The PI of ovarian artery in fertile group on dominant side was also significantly lower (p<0.001) in early, mid and late luteal phases as compared to that on nondominant side. The uterine artery also showed a statistically significant (p<0.001) lower end-diastolic velocities in LPD group as compared to the end diastolic velocities in the control group in all phases of luteal cycle. CONCLUSION(S): Colour flow Doppler is an effective noninvasive method for diagnosing luteal phase defect.


The decalcified scale of tilapia was used in the experiment as the raw material to prepare collagen peptide,which was hydrolyzed by papain and neutral protease. The contents of protein,moisture,amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of collagen peptide were analysed. The anti-fatigue effect of collagen peptide was then studied by animal experiment. The time of loading forced swimming,the contents of urea nitrogen in serum and glycogen in liver of mice were tested. The results showed that the collagen peptide prolonged the swimming time( P 0. 05),reduced the quantity of serum urea nitrogen( P 0. 05) and increased the content of glycogen content in liver( P 0. 05). It suggested that collagen peptide from the tilapia scale had significant anti-fatigue function.


Contents: Introduction Theories and concepts of European integration Multi-level governance and structural constructivism - understanding multilevel politics in the European Union Governing the rural - actors, institutions and power structures Studying the status of local actors in the community initiative LEADER+ - a methodology for an empirical analysis of Germany and Finland LEADER+ - actors, Local Action Groups and power relations LAGs in the administrative structures of LEADER+ - vertical power relations Local Action Groups and the public Cooperation beyond Local Action Groups - decision-making and managing authorities Efficiency and decentralisation LEADER+ LAGs on the move to the next programmatic period - hopes and expectations for 2007-2013 Empirical findings and discussion Conclusions Appendix References Index.


During World War II methods of preparation, suitable for Australian conditions, of the necessary intermediates for the production of the antimalarial drug, atebrin, were investigated. Suitable methods for the preparation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid and p-nitroanisole have been developed. 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid is prepared from p-toluenesulphonyl chloride by chlorination to 2,4-dichlorobenzotrichloride (via 2-chloro-p-toluenesulphonyl chloride) and hydrolysis of this compound. p-Nitroanisole is prepared from p-chloronitrobenzene by the action of methanolic potash, good yields of a pure product being obtained in a shorter time than in methods previously described. A new synthesis of 5-diethylamino-2-aminopentane was commenced.


The purpose of this work was computational analysis of ionizing radiation-induced shape parameter changes on bacterial cell. For our investigation we have radiated Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to UV light for 10 and 15
minutes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to gamma radiation for 15 and 30 minutes respectively. The results of radiation showed that gamma radiation causes decrease of area and perimeter and increase of shape parameter. Results for Escherichia coli were a little different after 10 minutes area and perimeter were decreased compared with control, shape parameter was increased but after 15 minutes area and perimeter were increased, shape parameter was
decreased.


The generalized adaptive neural filter (GANF) is a new type of adaptable filter. The GANF relies upon neural functions to set up a filtering operation. The authors study a few of the possible neural networks which can be used in a GANF. The capabilities of the neural nets are examined and the filtering abilities of the GANF are obtained through simulation. While the GANF structure used is somewhat simplified, the filter is also compared with other nonadaptive filters. These filters provide a reference so that relative performance can be more realistically judged.<<ETX>>


After briefly going over the history of the taboo of death and euphemism, I will analyze the death euphemisms found in my corpus, which is drawn from the American drama series Six Feet Under, from now on referred to as SFU. The theoretical assumptions on which my paper is based are essentially derived from the works of cognitive linguists such as Lakoff and Johnson, the pivotal study on euphemism and dysphemism by Allan and Burridge, as well as from a number of books and articles.


The invention relates to a fastening means (1) for an add-on part (4) for attachment to a body part (5), wherein the fastening device (1) comprises a carrier element (2) and a holding member (3). The carrier element (2) is arranged on a visible side and the retaining element (3) from a non-finish side on the body part (5). , The invention is characterized in that the holding element (3) undercut elements (6), through which it passes uses of the non-visible side through corresponding openings (7) in the body part (5) and engages behind the body portion-side holding contours (8) such that it automatically (on the body part 5 ) is fixed.


Articular cartilage is composed of a charged solid matrix (proteoglycan and collagen fibres) and an interstitial fluid phase. The tissue is characterized by a very low permeability that guarantee the support and distribution of loads in diarthrodial joints and the transport of nutrients to chondrocytes. The permeability of articular cartilage decreases for increasing deformation of the solid matrix which occurs when a compression load is applied to the tissue. The study of permeability is very useful to understand the onset and progression of osteoarthritis and to regenerate cartilage by tissue engineering. Permeation studies in vitro are conceptually easy but practically difficult to be performed. In particular, it is not trivial to guarantee the sample seal while maintaining a uniform deformation. Furthermore, the measured variables are fluid pressure and flow through the sample, whereas it is not possible to measure the local strain, which otherwise can be evaluated by coupling computational studies of articular cartilage behaviour during permeation tests with experimental results. Using the poroelasticity module of COMSOL Multiphysics we performed various types of permeation tests varying the method used for positioning the sample in the test chamber (glued sample and o-ring on top) and the level of fluid pressure. To understand what is the better way to guarantee the sample seal, we evaluated the local strain, the deformed shape, the stress and the fluid pressure during the test and we compared these results with the ideal test ones.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evidence and better understand adolescent information behaviours in disadvantaged and disengaged circumstances, and explore issues of social integration. Design/methodology/approach – Interdisciplinary theoretical framework bringing together theories of information behaviour with theories of social capital. Mixed method design incorporating observation, interviews, and focus group conducted in areas of multiple deprivations. Participants' young people aged 16-19 not in education, employment or training (NEET); and their support workers. Findings – Heightened access and internalised behavioural barriers found beyond those common to the general adolescent population, the former influenced by technology and literacy issues, the latter by social structures and norms. There is evidence suggestive of deception, risk-taking, secrecy, and situational relevance in information behaviours, and a reliance on bonding social capital characteristically exclusive and inward facin...


The presence of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions as revised by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions, should be expected to be able to direct Indonesians to be more intelligent in building communication and behaving on social media which is now a new social reality in human civilization in the modernization era. This study aims to find out and analyze about the crime of blasphemy through social media and the application of the law and the impact of the application of the ITE Law law on public legal awareness. This research is normative legal research using case approach, legal approach and conceptual approach. This research is descriptive analytically using qualitative analysis.


The utility model provides an online monitoring device for an oil state of a gear box of an offshore wind turbine generator. The online monitoring device is provided with an outputting unit, a central processing unit, a communication unit, a signal processing unit and an oil state monitoring unit, wherein the outputting unit is electrically connected with a switching amount signal end of the central processing unit; the input end of the communication unit is connected with a control signal output end of the central processing unit and the output end of the communication unit is connected with a computer; the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the input end of the central processing unit; a monitoring signal end of the oil state monitoring unit is connected with the input end of the signal processing unit. According to the online monitoring device, the oil state monitoring unit is used for monitoring data including temperatures, metal particles, micro-water, dielectric constants and kinematic viscosity parameters and the like in the gear box of the wind turbine generator to generate a monitoring signal; after the signal processing unit receives the monitoring signal, the monitoring signal and a stored standard signal are judged and a judging result is packed to generate a control signal; the control signal is sent to the computer by the communication unit.


Abstract. Cyberspace has been constantly threatened by attacks since its birth. With the development of high-tech and artificial intelligence, intelligent and efficient attack methods have emerged endlessly, and technological methods have been constantly renovated. In particular, Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are intensifying. How to effectively prevent this attack method has become the focus. With the advantages of machine learning, the thinking and technology of detection have made great progress. This article mainly discusses several innovative methods for detecting APT attacks based on machine learning, and looks forward to the future development direction.


The prevalence of psychological distress during the early months of COVID‐19 is equal to the psychological distress among Americans during the entire year prior to the pandemic, according to RAND Corporation researchers. Their study, they said, represents the first longitudinal analysis of psychological distress during the pandemic in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.


Today, almost all mobile devices come equipped with Wi-Fi technology. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly study the privacy risks associated with this technology. Recent works have shown that some Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can be obtained from the radio signals emitted by Wi-Fi equipped devices. However, most of the times, the identity of the subject of those pieces of information remains unknown and the Wi-Fi MAC address of the device is the only available identifier. In this paper, we show that it is possible for an attacker to get the identity of the subject. The attack presented in this paper leverages the geolocation information published on some geotagged services, such as Twitter, and exploits the fact that geolocation information obtained through Wi-Fi-based Positioning System (WPS) can be easily manipulated. We show that geolocation manipulation can be targeted to a single device, and in most cases, it is not necessary to jam real Wi-Fi access points (APs) to mount a successful attack on WPS.


Within the binary, self-consistent static approximation to the Hubbard-model, local moments are created out of itinerant electrons. The magnetic Ising-type interactions of these local moments are calculated and explicit results are obtained. Relaxing the static character of the approximation transforms the interactions to Heisenberg type and renormalises their size. Renormalisation is necessary in order to satisfy certain sum rules. The authors' results are in good agreement with exact many-body results.


Abstract The dark pelbiodetrital limestone beds of the 'upper dark interval' in the Koněprusy area, Central Bohemia, the Czech Republic, the assumed manifestation of the Kačák Event in this area, yielded a moderately diverse faunule of rhynchonelliform brachiopods and trilobites. In total, 15 species have been recognized (13 brachiopods and 2 trilobites), but the majority of them are only tentatively determined to generic level due to fragmentation, rarity or poor preservation. Brachiopod genera Leptaenopyxis, Protodouvillina, Douvillinella, Holynetes, Poloniproductus, Iridistrophia, Mystrophora, Pentamerella, Quasidavidsonia, Carinatina, Mimatrypa, Leptathyris, Eoreticularia and a single trilobite Astycoryphe were determined. The mode of preservation indicates transport of skeletal bioclasts from shallower parts of the basin and their fragmentation in debris flows together with fragments of terrestrial plants, crinoid detritus and numerous pelagic fossils, especially the dacryoconarid Nowakia ex gr. otomari. Associated conodonts (as well as trilobites) indicate a late Eifelian age for the fauna (Polygnathus ensensis Zone).


In Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB), the identification of multi-path is important to improve its reception characteristics. In order to enhance the resolution of the delay profile, it is effective that continuous multiple channel transfer functions are connected and the frequency bandwidth is extended. However, the guard band is existing between each channel and the transfer function is not obtained directly. The phases of each channel are not synchronized because the each channel is broadcasting independently. In this paper, the scheme to connect multiple channel transfer functions is proposed. In the proposed scheme, interpolation of guard band by using the linear prediction filter based on the RLS(Recursive Least Square) algorithm and compensation of phase between adjacent channels are performed. As the result, it was conformed that resolution enhancement of the delay profile is possible. It is possible to improve the time resolution of the delay profile that has 0.024[μs].


The development of chicken farming businesses can also encounter obstacles caused
by several factors, one of it is the presence of infectious diseases including Newcastle
Disease (ND). One of the wild birds in Indonesia which is often suspected of being
able to spread ND in chickens is the Passerin bird. Therefore the purpose of this study
is to detect the presence of ND antibodies in the serum of eurasian tree sparrow birds
(Passer montanus) which are wildly located around Ponggok, Blitar, one of cities in
Indonesia that has large chicken population. The study was begin on August 2019 at
the Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Microbiology department,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. This research used
thirty Passer montanus which has been decapitated its neck to get the blood serum.
The serum of the sample treated first with pure chicken erythrocyte (100%) to clear
the presence of non-specific inhibitors (NSIs). The treated serum was tested using
Haemagglutination Inhibition test. Positive results if there is agglutination inhibition
and negative results if there is agglutination occurs. Data obtained from the result are
presented in descriptive format with present total positive and negative from the result
of detection. The result showed that Newcastle Disease antibody has not detected in
Passer montanus in Ponggok, Blitar, East Java, Indonesia


The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires that each application for a standard design certification be referred to the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS) for a review and report on those portions of the application which concern safety. This paper begins with perspectives on the role of the ACRS in the design certification review process. It then summarizes the ACRS observations and recommendations made in the Committee's reports during the AP1000 design certification reviews to date.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The purpose of this study dalah to formulate a marketing strategy by using SWOT analysis on hotels in Pasuruan Pasuruan. Based on the analysis of the IFE, the strength of the Pasuruan hotel room facility is complete, competitive price, any discounts, strategic location, number of employees is adequate, inadequate employee training, unique buildings, how to check out / in easily and have skilled employees and professional. While the existing weaknesses in Pasuruan is the type and number of rooms is limited, media and promotion frequency limited, minimal brochure printing process and support facilities also minimal. From the analysis of EFE, there are three opportunities that exist which decrease the rate of inflation, government support and technology, while the threat is a potential competitor and the government policy on electricity tariff hike. SWOT analysis of the diagram, the right strategy for Pasuruan hotel is in favor of a defensive strategy, which is an attempt to rescue that regardless of greater losses. Key Words: SWOT, Strategy Marketing


Objective: To investigate the feasibility and curative effect on transposition of the vascularized periosteal flap with dorsal branch of anterior interossea vessel. Methods: According to the research on anatomy, the vascularized periosteal flap with dorsal branch of anterior interossea vessel was designed for transposition of repairing the nonunion of ulna and radial fracture directly, and the scaphoid and lunate bone disease reversely. 16 nonunion of scaphoid, 2 necrosis of lunate bone and 1 nonunion of ulna were performed and observed. Results: All these 19 cases were followed up for 1 year. And it was found that satisfactory joint function and bone healing were obtained on 3 6 months after operation. Conclusion: The vascularized periosteal flap with dorsal branch of anterior interossea vessel can be applied to repair the bone nonunion and bone necrosis.


Objective: Renal toxicity and hypocalcemia are two commonest adverse effects of zoledronic acid reported in cancer patients with bone metastasis. Similar data are lacking in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with zoledronic acid infusion. We aimed to evaluate the effects of annual treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women with intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid on their renal and hepatic functions. The effects of the drug on the biochemical parameters of the patients were also assessed.


[Objective]To investigate the efficacy and safety of granisetron combined metoclopramide for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy.[Methods]90 patients with cancer chemotherapy in our hospital were divided into observation group and control group.Control group was given with metoclopramide and dexamethasone.Observation group was given granisetron combined with metoclopramide.[Results]The total effective rate was 93.33% higher than the total effective rate was 68.89%,the difference was significant(P﹤0.01).Constipation occurred in observation group and control group,the incidence was 22.22% and 24.44%,the difference was not significant(P﹥0.05);the incidence of insomnia in the observation group was 11.11%,compared with that in the control group(8.89%),the difference was not significant(P﹥0.05).[Conclusion]Granisetron united metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy has a significant preventive effect,less side effects,which to be recommended with further clinical application.


The effect of regularly shifted daily cycles of temperature and photoperiod was determined on the timing of activity in the emydid turtle, Chrysemys picta, an aquatic heliotherm. Light and temperature cycles with a constant phase relationship were shifted out of phase by advancing the temperature cycle one hour each day and delaying the light cycle one hour each day. The resulting activity pattern was explained by the interaction of a light-sensitive oscillator and a temperature sensitive oscillator. It was suggested that the locomotor activity of Chrysemys is closely coupled to the biological clock. This coupling is adaptive in that it probably serves as an effective synchronizer of activity in nature.


Aim:  One of the prohibiting factors in achieving complete small bowel capsule endoscopy is slow gastric transit of the capsule. The present study retrospectively investigated the success rate of, and the time required for, transnasal endoscope‐assisted capsule placement to assess its clinical utility.


The Antrim Shale (Devonian, Michigan basin) contains a large volume of authigenic quartz. The shale contains approximately 50% quartz by weight of which, in the >500 mesh-size fraction, 56% is polycrystalline. This is approximately twice the amount of quartz in most shales and 10 times the amount of polycrystalline quartz in the silt-size fraction of sandstones and shales. Scanning electron microscopy reveals an authigenic surface composed of hexagonal tabular plates which coalesce to form smooth grain surfaces. These plates have not been previously reported on quartz grains. Oxygen isotopes of quartz and carbonate phases are interpreted to indicate a gradual isotopic lightening of the pore fluids, from approximately -4 to -9 or -10 ppm. Most of the authigenic quartz h s a ^dgr18O ^approx 22 ppm (SMOW). End_of_Article - Last_Page 720------------


T THE colonization of Virginia obviously needed propaganda as well as the governmental approval and financial support secured by Sir Walter Ralegh, backed by Richard Hakluyt the preacher. This propaganda was devised and written by another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer whose practical acquaintance with overseas trade supplied the sober facts required to popularize the venture. His tract was called Inducements to the liking of the voyage intended towards Virginia.' It was sound, so far as the knowledge of the day permitted, and studiously devoid of golden decoys. The last section of this treatise, as it was finally published some years later, listed the "Sorts of men which are to be passed in this voyage," and the next to last numbered category provided this detail: "Men skilful in burning of Sope ashes, and in making of Pitch, and Tarre, and Rozen, to be fetched out of Prussia and Poland, which are thence to be had for small wages, being there in maner of slaves." 2 Ralph Lane, lieutenant to Sir Richard Grenville on the I585 Virginia voyage, apparently was instructed to look into supplies of raw materials for these products, and on September 3 of that year he reported: "this alreadie we find, that what commodities soever Spaine, France, Italy, or the East parts [of Europe] do yeeld unto us in wines of all sortes, in oiles, in flaxe, in rosens, pitch . . . , and such like, these parts do abound with the growth of them all."3 And in February 1588, Thomas Hariot added: "Pitch, Tarre,


Background: In India, the second wave of COVID-19 had serious implications, including an increase in case load, a reduction in key treatment supplies, and an increase in death, particularly among the younger generation. Medical students were also plagued by this scenario, which included assignment in COVID wards and involvement in COVID patient treatment. We wanted to know how the second wave of COVID affected these medical students psychologically. For medical students, the COVID-19 epidemic has created a frustrating dichotomy. This virus not only has an impact on people's physical health, but also mental health. According to the existing per-pandemic evidence, medical students' health is worse than the general population.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the psychological impact of COVID-19's second wave on medical students.

Materials and Methods: An online survey of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was conducted among the medical students of North India. Their sociodemographic information was collected, comparison of postgraduate and undergraduate DASS-21 scores was done, different component led DASS-21 scores were assessed in overall study population, students were also asked to report their timings in hospital and challenges during hospital hours. The statistical scores for the responses were calculated and other demographic parameters were compared. Appropriate statistical analysis of the collected data was done (IBM SPSS version 20.).

Results: A total of 538 responses were gathered from all undergraduate and postgraduate students; out of which 47.6% were undergraduate students and 52.4% were postgraduate students working in different medical colleges of North India. We categorized the psychological stress in five categories: Normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. To our surprise, we found that many students were suffering from extremely severe stress; among which 38.8% had depression, 56.7% had anxiety, and 28.9% had stress. We also categorized the students in undergraduate and postgraduate groups and found that the maximum psychological impact was among postgraduate students as compared to undergraduate students. In postgraduates, extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 46.8%, 72.3%, and 43.3%, respectively, around 43% of postgraduate students were suffering from either depression, stress, or anxiety. We also found that females were more stressed and had greater scores than males.

Conclusion: During second wave of the pandemic, students' mental health was affected much more than we think. Thus, it needs to be continuously monitored as this will not only affect their working in wards and hospitals but will also impact their studies and future life.


A major flaw in the academic system, particularly pertaining to computer science, is that it rewards specialisation. The highly competitive quest for new scientific developments, or rather the quest for a better reputation and more funding, forces researchers to specialise in their own fields, leaving them little time to properly explore what others are doing, sometimes even within their own field of interest. Even the peer review process, which should provide the necessary balance, fails to achieve much diversity, since reviews are typically performed by persons who are again specialists in the particular field of the work. Further, software implementations are rarely reviewed, having as a consequence the publishing of untenable results. Unfortunately, these factors contribute to an environment which is not conducive to collaboration, a cornerstone of academia — building on the work of others. This work takes a step back and examines the general landscape of computational intelligence from a broad perspective, drawing on multiple disciplines to formulate a collaborative software platform, which is flexible enough to support the needs of this diverse research community. Interestingly, this project did not set out with these goals in mind, rather it evolved, over time, from something more specialised into the general framework described in this dissertation. Design patterns are studied as a means to manage the complexity of the computational intelligence paradigm in a flexible software implementation. Further, this dissertation demonstrates that releasing research software under an open source license eliminates some of the deficiencies of the academic process, while preserving, and even improving, the ability to build a reputation and pursue funding. Two software packages have been produced as products of this research: i) CILib, an open source library of computational intelligence algorithms; and ii) CiClops, which is a virtual laboratory for performing experiments that scale over multiple workstations. Together, these software packages are intended to improve the quality of research output and facilitate collaboration by sharing a repository of simulation data, statistical analysis tools and a single software implementation.


The effects of constant power loads (CPLs) has been for long time the focus of research in isolated power systems such as automotive systems, electric ships and spacecrafts, with main focus on DC-systems. Due to the instability effect of the negative incremental resistance phenomena of CPLs, several criteria have been investigated to ensure system stability in the presence of large amount of CPLs. With an increasing share of CPLs, the same negative incremental resistance phenomena can be the source of instability in AC distribution systems, especially in the event of voltage disturbances. The literature on AC systems has not yet addressed this problem in a comprehensive way, and more research effort will be required around the topic. This paper investigates the effect of the negative incremental resistance phenomena in AC distribution systems with large share of CPLs, and proposes an approach for mitigation of instability in presence of large signal disturbances based on injection of reactive current by active rectifiers interfacing the CPLs. Results from a simulation study with Matlab suggest how stability can be improved by reactive compensation and that distributed injection of reactive current by the CPLs might be more effective than a centralized compensation by a STATCOM.


Abstract We continue to investigate the notion of IK ${\mathcal I}^{\mathcal K}$-convergence (which concerns with the convergence with respect to one ideal along a set which is "big" with respect to another ideal) introduced by M. Mačaj and M. Sleziak [10] with primary focus on sequences of real functions. Our investigation is based on results by R. Filipów and M. Staniszewski [5, 6] or M. Staniszewski [11].


In this article, Insoo Kim Berg was interviewed on solution-focused therapy, and Steve de Shazer joined in the interview. During the interview, Berg discussed the evolution of her work and its application to various populations.


In implementing a development, the government always involve the community in decision-making that will provide benefits and welfare for the people. Development aimed at achieving better conditions than before. Even so, the government should consider the rules for managing the resources used and the smallest effects arising for the smoothness of a development. Such as Reservoir Development Jatibarang aimed handlers flooding in Semarang which would require the materials to build a dam that is not little. Until eventually determined that the materials used are from Gunung Turun, located in the Village Mangunsari. This study aims to determine the socialization process between the government and the impacts arising from taking Gunung Turun of material in the process of implementation in village communities Mangunsari. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, which seeks to describe the state of the real condition of the corresponding data collection was done by in-depth interviews of the informants are considered to know clearly seated problems. It also synthesize several documents that are considered important in this study. From the results obtained are socializing the government in the implementation of development Jatibarang Reservoir is intended to provide the public an overview of the goals and objectives of development and of the impacts that will occur regarding taking the material Gunung Turun. In the process of making the material more or less the same impact as the economic, social and cultural impacts, and environmental impacts that could affect people's lives either directly or indirectly. Keywords: Development, Jatibarang Reservoir, Gunung Turun


The equilibrium constants K1(=[TNB·SR–]/[TNB][SR–]) and K2(=[TNB(SR)22–]/[TNB·SR–][SR–]) for the formation of covalently bound Meisenheimer-type adducts from 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and thiolate ions have been measured by a spectrophotometric method in alcohol (methanol or ethanol)–water mixtures. The values of K1 are smaller in water than in alcohol but go through a maximum at ca. 80%(v/v) alcohol. The values of K2 increase monotonically as the proportion of water in the solvent is increased and are ca. 103 larger in water than in the pure alcohols. The factors affecting the stabilities of the complexes are discussed. The enhanced stability of the 1:2 adducts in water is attributed partly to the good solvation by water of a localised negative charge on the nitro-group between the positions of addition.


Knowledge capital (notably 'intangible assets' that lack physical embodiment, such as computerised information databases and software; innovative property R&D and intellectual property rights (IPRs); economic competences – i.e. training, organisational capital and brand equity) (31) is at the core of what makes firms competitive, and thus vital for productivity and economic growth. However, due to the specific characteristics of intangibles, there is reason to believe that overall investments tend to remain below their social optimum.


There are two key factors, described in this paper as "killer apps", that determine whether or not most transport improvements succeed: networking and putting people first when planning solutions. It may not be immediately obvious that a large proportion of all transport delivery in Scotland in recent years has been achieved through the use of these apps. Many would think that the size of a budget, or a manifesto commitment, or new legislation have been more important, but this would disguise the fact that budgets, political commitments and legislation are all derived from public pressure, and that it is through political, social, transport and electronic networks that we communicate.


Information Technology (IT) is fast becoming useful in implementing time, case, manpower and cost management strategies within judicial services. The legal system environment has adopted IT not just to save costs and time but also to give organizations a competitive edge and to ensure security as well. The Legal Business Information System is a fully operational and integrated system for a legal department. The mission of the department is to provide innovative and quality services in insolvency and trustee matters. Very few legal business information system implementations are documented in literature. Therefore this paper will facilitate understanding of system implementation in this sector.


Bartter syndrome (BS) and Gitelman syndrome (GS) are syndromes associated with congenital tubular dysfunction, characterized by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Clinically, BS is classified into two types: the severe antenatal/neonatal type, which develops during the fetal period with polyhydramnios and preterm delivery; and the relatively mild classic type, which is usually found during infancy with failure to thrive. GS can be clinically differentiated from BS by its age at onset, usually after school age, or laboratory findings of hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Recent advances in molecular biology have shown that these diseases can be genetically classified into type 1 to 5 BS and GS. As a result, it has become clear that the clinical classification of antenatal/neonatal BS, classic BS, and GS does not always correspond to the clinical symptoms associated with the genotypes in a one‐to‐one manner; and there is clinically no clear differential border between type 3 BS and GS. This has caused confusion among clinicians in the diagnosis of these diseases. It has been proposed that the disease name "inherited salt‐losing tubulopathy" can be used for cases of tubulopathies accompanied by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. It is reasonable to use this term prior to genetic typing into type 1–5 BS or GS, to avoid confusion in a clinical setting. In this article, we review causative genes and phenotypic correlations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for salt‐losing tubulopathy as well as the clinical characteristics of pseudo‐BS/GS, which can also be called a "salt‐losing disorder".


Anatomy is a branch of biology which study the structure and parts of an organism. This science that is applied in medical field is not easy to learn. Therefore, a modern technology is required as an option of learning method to help study in anatomy. An example of this learning is using a three dimensional anatomy [1]. In this research, the author proposed a three dimensional anatomy supported by a device called Leap Motion Controller that supports finger and hand motions as an input. Leap Motion Controller is small and interesting device [2]. By using this device, a three dimensional anatomy can be controlled by user hand gestures. The result in this research is a three dimensional human foot bones anatomy system that is controlled by hands and fingers gestures. The hands and fingers tracking data from Leap Motion Controller enable to rotate the human foot bones freely and showing its bone name when it is pointed.


Common carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CIMT) is a non‐invasively assessed marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Our aim in this study was to investigate CIMT in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).


A case report of an isolated hydrosalpinx resulting from the placement of two Hulka Clips on the same fallopian tube is presented. This is a previously unreported complication of mechanical sterilization and is suggested as a possible cause of chronic pelvic pain.


This study was designed to investigate the relationship between Freundlich isotherm coefficient l/n and the molecular properties of activated carbon adsorbent. The surface of the adsorbent was modified using nitric acid to produce different types and amounts of oxidized groups. These functional groups changed the electron density of graphite rings on the carbon surface. Isotherm data for the adsorption of PCP and PNP on the regular and modified activated carbon were obtained experimentally. Regression analyses showed that Freundlich coefficient l/n was affected by carboxyl groups stronger than three other groups – lactonized carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl. The results showed that Freundlich 1/n increased linearly with an increase in the amount of carboxyl groups. Molecular modeling using the CAChE program showed that the HOMO density at the adsorption site decreased linearly with an increase in the number of carboxyl groups. The results suggested that Freundlich 1/n could be estimated a priori based on the molecular structure of the adsorbent surface and the HOMO density of the adsorption site.


Objective The objective of this paper is to evaluate hospital admissions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients through a retrospective population-based study analyzing hospitalization data during 2001–2012 in Sardinia, an Italian region with universal health system coverage. Methods Data on the hospital discharge records with the ICD-9-CM code for SLE (710.0) were obtained from the Department of Health and Hygiene and analyzed, mostly focusing on primary and non-primary diagnosis and Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) code. In order to establish the significance of the annual trend for number and type of primary and non-primary discharge diagnosis, the two-tailed Cochran-Armitage test for trend was applied. In order to estimate SLE prevalence, data from administrative database and medical records were assembled. Results This study included 6222 hospitalizations in 1675 patients (87% women). Hospitalizations with SLE as primary diagnosis were 3782 (58.0%) and significantly decreased during the study period. The annual number of renal, hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders as non-primary diagnosis associated with SLE remained constant; however, their percentage increased (p < 0.0001) because of a declining number of admissions for SLE without associated diagnosis and without complications. Hospitalizations with SLE as non-primary diagnosis showed a significant upward trend in number and percentage of cerebrovascular accident (p = 0.0004), acute coronary syndrome (p = 0.0004) and chronic renal failure (p = 0.0003) as underlying primary diagnosis, while complications of pregnancy, labor and childbirth (p = 0.3375), malignancies (p = 0.6608) and adverse drug reactions (p = 0.2456) did not show statistically significant changes. Infections showed an increasing trend between 2001 and 2012 but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0304). After correction for hospitalization (93.8%) and survival (91.1%) rates calculated over the study period, the 2012 SLE prevalence in Sardinia was estimated to be 99.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusions While overall hospitalizations for SLE patients declined, those for cerebrovascular accident, acute coronary syndrome and chronic renal failure as underlying primary diagnosis increased during the study period.


An analytic model is proposed to determine the effects of heterointerface properties on the current-voltage and 1/f noise characteristics of forward and reverse biased abrupt heterodiodes. The model suggests that the 1/f noise is determined by the space charge region recombination process at small forward biases and by the minority carrier diffusion process at moderate forward biases.


A guide that addresses the issues in materials and mechanics. It covers a range of topics in those areas; including materials science, mechanical engineering and materials, industrial applications of materials and mechanics, and more.


CD16, the low affinity Fc (cid:103) receptor III for IgG (Fc (cid:103) RIII), exists as a polypeptide-anchored form (Fc (cid:103) RIIIA or CD16A) in human natural killer cells and macrophages and as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-an- chored form (Fc (cid:103) RIIIB or CD16B) in neutrophils. CD16A requires association of the (cid:103) subunit of Fc (cid:101) RI or the (cid:122) subunit of the TCR-CD3 complex for cell surface expres- sion. The CD16B is polymorphic and the two alleles are termed NA1 and NA2. In this study, CD16A and the two alleles of CD16B have been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their ligand binding and phagocytic properties analyzed. The two allelic forms of CD16B showed a similar affinity toward human IgG1. However, the NA1 allele showed approximately 2-fold higher affinity for the IgG3 than the NA2 allele. Al- though all three forms of CD16 efficiently bound rabbit IgG-coated erythrocytes (EA), only CD16A coexpressed with the (cid:103) subunit phagocytosed EA. The phagocytosis mediated by CD16A expressed on CHO cells was inde- pendent


The class IAphosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) consist of a 110-kDa catalytic domain and a regulatory subunit encoded by the p85α, p85β, or p55γ genes. We have determined the effects of disrupting the p85α gene on the responses of mast cells stimulated by the cross-linking of Kit and FcεRI, receptors that reflect innate and adaptive responses, respectively. The absence of p85α gene products partially inhibited Kit ligand/stem cell factor-induced secretory granule exocytosis, proliferation, and phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. In contrast, p85α gene products were not required for FcεRI-initiated exocytosis and phosphorylation of Akt. LY294002, which inhibits all classes of PI3Ks, strongly suppressed Kit- and FcεRI-induced responses in p85α −/− mast cells, revealing the contribution of another PI3K family member(s). In contrast to B lymphocytes, mast cell proliferation was not dependent on Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a downstream effector of PI3K, revealing a distinct pathway of PI3K-dependent proliferation in mast cells. Our findings represent the first example of receptor-specific usage of different PI3K family members in a single cell type. In addition, because Kit- but not FcεRI-initiated signaling is associated with mast cell proliferation, the results provide evidence that distinct biologic functions signaled by these two receptors may reflect differential usage of PI3Ks.


The first findings of Antracoptilidae (Paoliida) from the Late Permian/ Early Triassic of Africa, i.e. the new genus Afrocladus comprising A. pumilio sp. nov. and A. kenyaensis sp. nov., are described from the Mombasa Basin of Maji ya Chumvi Formation in Kenya (Duruma sandstones). Both diagnoses are based on wing venation pattern. Their occurrences close to the P-T boundary possibly indicate the last appearence date of the group being known since early Pennsylvanian. Moreover, their significantly smaller wing sizes compared to known taxa suggest adaptations to different habitats and environmental conditions or different life strategy.


The Moral Reasoning is one of the core curriculum of Harvard University.It promotes student to explore ways of making a reasoned moral or political choice.Courses on these matters are through reading the Western traditions of thoughts and discuss those significant and recurrent questions of choices and values that arise in human experience.Study the Moral Reasoning curriculum,emphasis on it educational idea,method and curriculum's structure,it could provide enlightenment to our country's moral education in higher educational institutions.


ABSTRACT This paper argues that it was environmental knowledge, which Aboriginal people held and traded, that formed the basis of the slender chances they had for survival in the changed circumstan...


The questions of the integration of professional and avil education of modern students ars beine considered in the article. There is shown the contradiction betven utilitarian and moral imperatives of universal recognition and the perspectives of its settlement in the educational practice of a modern higher educational institution are analised.


—Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) continues to grow gradually while considering a multitude of factors, which underpins the need to develop a TEL maturity assessment as a guideline for this gradual improvement. This study investigates the potential application of TEL's expert knowledge presented in various research articles as qualitative data for developing assessment questionnaires. A mixed-method approach is applied to analyze the qualitative data using systematic literature review (SLR) with automated content analysis (ACA) as quantitative data processing to strengthen the trustworthiness of the findings and reduce researcher bias. This process is carried out six steps: conducting SLR, data processing with ACA using Leximancer, organizing resulting concepts with facet analysis, contextualizing each TEL facet, constructing the assessment questionnaire for each context, and establishing TEL maturity dimensions. This study generates 64 questionnaire statements grouped according to the target respondents, namely students, teachers, or institutions. This set of questions is also grouped into dimensions representing aligned context: student performance, learning process, applied technology, contents, accessibility, teachers and teachings, strategy and regulation. Further research is required to distribute this questionnaire for pilot respondents to design the improvement roadmap and check data patterns to formulate maturity appraisals and scoring methods.


To solve the security problem that is still an obstacle to the development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique, this paper proposes a novel security strategy for the intrusion detection of RFID, which is composed of a new approach to extracting the features of RFID's intrusion and a new technique to detect RFID's intrusion. The proposed RFID's intrusion detection technique employs chaotic searching strategy as the operation algorithm of the immune clustering model (ICM) to overcome its immature converge in a small region and develops a so-called chaotic immune clustering model (CICM). The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed security strategy for the intrusion detection of RFID is promising.


The invention discloses a mine novel wheel type crusher. The crusher is an independent apparatus, can be installed on an upper milling coal hole of a coal bunker of a receiving belt or receiving scraper plate, and can be installed below a nose chute of a conveyor, and the minimum crushing particle size can be made according to the demand, and the crushing particle size can be adjusted according to the requirement so as to achieve the effect of improving coal quality. For realizing aims, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the crusher and a base are in split type structure, the base of the crusher is installed on a coal bunker side wall, a bearing seat to which a wheel hammer belongs is installed on a tank body through a slot adjusting device, a crushing plate is obliquely installed in the tank body. The crusher disclosed by the invention has the advantages that various transportation modes can be met; the equipment is an independently run system; due to the coal flow conveying mode, more energy-saving effect is achieved, the appearance is exquisite and capable of meeting various harsh installation environments; the crushing particle size can be regulated to be in various specifications according to requirement; the crusher is in a movable detachable fixing mode; the cleaning production is guaranteed by adopting atomization dust-removal mode; and the security running is guaranteed by using various protection modes.


Findings from this study revealed that: 1) pregnancy rates for first and second exposure Brangussired females were 19 to 29 percent lower than for Angus-, Gelbvieh-, Gelbray-sired, and F1 Brahman x Hereford females which were similar; 2) pregnancy rates were similar among Angus-, Gelbvieh-, Gelbray-sired, and F1 Brahman-Hereford mature cows and were 8 to 15 percent higher than for Brangus-sired cows; and 3) actual calf weaning weight and 205-day calf weight produced by mature F1 Brahman-Hereford cows were 16 to 34 pounds heavier than calves from Angus-, Brangus-, Gelbvieh-, and Gelbray-sired cows.


Eleven chronic schizophrenic patients with abnormal skin pigmentation associated with neuroleptic treatment were withdrawn from chlorpromazine (CPZ), which was replaced by levomepromazine (n= 4), trifluoperazine (n= 1) or thioproperazine (n= 1) as the sole neuroleptic, by a combination of these phenothiazines (n= 4) or with haloperidol plus pipotiazine (n= 1). Seven patients showed complete resolution of abnormal skin pigmentation over a period of 1–5 years and 4 markedly improved over 2.0–2.6 years of follow‐up. Our observations suggest that neuroleptic‐induced abnormal skin pigmentation is (i) predominantly, if not exclusively, a side effect of CPZ and (ii) reversible, providing that CPZ is withdrawn and sufficient time is allowed to elapse.


Facing the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment, how to make the detection instrument still have better detection performance is one of the current research hotspots. This paper proposes an anti-electromagnetic interference method based on high-order cumulant and PRI sorting. The former identifies the modulation type of the signal, the latter sorts the signals with different modulation parameters of the same modulation type, and finally selects the signal to be processed. The simulation results show that the algorithm is accurate and effective.


In this work, we proposed a voltage‐programmed AMOLED pixel circuit using amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). For every display frame, thanks to the capacitive coupling method, the gate‐source voltage of the driving transistor is programmed through a zero to a positive value process, i.e. a unipolar sweeping direction is maintained for the driving transistor, to suppress the electrical hysteresis effects. In addition, the threshold voltage variation of the driving transistor can also be compensated through a source follower structure. Simulation results indicate that the relative current error is less than 30% for threshold voltage variations of ± 0.4 V.


Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was modified with aniline groups at both the end, and then PEG-PANI rod-coil block polymers have been synthesized by polymerization of the aniline with the aniline-modified PEG. FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis provided the chemical strucutre of the as-prepared polymers. The achiral rod-coil copolymer could form different superstructures by means of self-assembly when adding diethyl ether into its THF solution and the length of PANI segments is a key factor to the superstructures. AFM measurements revealed that they form spring-like helical superstructures from the short PANI-containing copolymers while these form fibrous helical superstructures from the longer PANI-containing copolymer. A possible mechanism of the helical superstructures is suggested in this article and the driving force is believed the n-n stacking of the rigid segment of the copolymers.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2017.3.10.10 Abstract: Cancer is a major public health problem and a cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. On the other hand radiotherapy is one of the cancer treatment methods available but it has many side effects. Hypoalbuminaemia and hypoproteinaemia are common effects of radiotherapy and are often used to assess nutritional status of patients but there are few published reports on albumin and total protein levels in cancer patients on radiotherapy in Zimbabwe. Hence this study was carried out to determine the levels of serum albumin and total protein and compare levels in radiotherapy-exposed patients at Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Clinic by type of cancer. A total of 63 cancer patients took part in this cross-sectional study, 30 had breast cancer while 18 had cervical cancer and 15 had prostate cancer. Samples were analysed using the Beckman Coulter AU680 Chemistry Analyser based on Bromocresol Green (BCG) method for albumin and the Biuret method for total protein, respectively. One way ANOVA was used for comparison of normally distributed data while the KruskalWallis test was used for skewed data. Out of all cancer patients who took part in this study, 18 (28.6%) were hypoalbuminaemic and 3 (4.7%) had hypoproteinaemia. There was no significant difference between albumin and total protein of patients with different types of cancer. Prevalence of patients with hypoalbuminaemia (28.6%) and hypoproteinaemia (4.7%) was comparable to studies from other countries. High prevelance of hypoalbuminaemia is worrying in this context as it worsens prognosis of cancer patients.


PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Review the current state of knowledge and recent developments in the field of scleroderma-related calcinosis [systemic sclerosis (SSc)-calcinosis], focusing on emerging information related to pathophysiology.

RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have begun to characterize that factors that regulate ectopic mineralization, and those that underlie the imbalance of promoters and inhibitors of this process in SSc.

SUMMARY
Calcinosis cutis due to ectopic mineralization is a common and highly troublesome complication of SSc. Despite its significant prevalence and clinical impact, the pathogenesis is poorly understood and effective treatment is lacking. More research to better understand the pathophysiology is needed for the identification of novel management strategies for this severe complication of SSc.


Financial inclusion, which plays a critical role in the economic development of the economy. A well developed financial system leads the economy towards inclusive growth. The essence of financial inclusion is to allow people belonging to vulnerable section sin the urban and rural areas to contribute more actively to economic development. It is the delivery of delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups, financial literacy refers to the knowledge for managing personal finance. It is an integral part of the financial inclusion.  It is changing the behavior in the financial pattern and activities of individuals.  The objectives of the paper are to understand the role of financial literacy to financial inclusion, to create awareness the educate consumer on access to financial services, availability of various types of product and their features to deliver the message to the target group through a methodical manner regarding the benefits and risks involved in making informed choices and to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and financial literacy.  Both primary and secondary data are used in the study.  The study area is of Shivamogga City.  The respondent size is of 60, who are working in different organization of Shivamogga City.  The purpose of the study is to improve the understanding of financial products, concepts and risks through financial education/literacy by providing, instruction and advice by developing the skills and confidence of financial potential consumers and investors into becoming more aware of financial risks and opportunities to make informed choices to know where go for help into take other effective actions to improve their financial wellbeing.


Providing verbal or written instructions on how to perform optimally in a task is one of the most common ways to teach beginners. This practice is so widely accepted that scholarship primarily focuses on how to provide instructions, not whether these instructions help or not. Here we investigate the benefits of prior instruction on rule-based (RB) category-learning, in which the optimal strategy is a simple explicit rule, and information-integration (II) category-learning, in which the optimal strategy is similarity-based. Participants (N = 58) learned either RB or II categories, with or without verbal and written instruction about the optimal categorization strategy. Instructions significantly improved performance with RB categories but had no effect with II categories. The theoretical and practical implication of these results is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


media responses to boat arrivals since the 1970s, and the impact of these responses on the lives of refugees. The collection incorporates interdisciplinary perspectives from within history, law and media to provide readers with insights into the historical, political, social and legal contexts that have shaped Australia's refugee and asylum policies. These interdisciplinary perspectives bring quite diverse discourses and language into the conversation, an interesting departure from the more traditional disciplined-focused edited collections that many readers might be more familiar with. I view this departure as a strength of the collection since it captures diverse, interdisciplinary ways of thinking, researching and presenting research and scholarship in the field of refugee studies. The diverse perspectives work well, collectively, to unpack the stereotypical, reductionist and racialised constructions and framing of refugees and asylum seekers in Australian public discourse. The first section, 'Labelling Refugees', maps the different ways in which displaced people have been historically named, labelled and framed by governments and their apparatuses as a means of controlling displaced people, and how this has shifted over time. This section usefully maps the historical, geopolitical dynamics that emerged out of World War II, the 1952 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, and how we can understand Australia's position and responses within these global contexts. Another key theme in this section involves questions around the naming and labelling of refugees. As poignantly asked by refugee education scholar Melanie Baak in the chapter titled 'Once a Refugee, Always a Refugee?', when do refugees stop being labelled refugees? The second section, 'Flashpoints in Australian Refugee History', outlines three snapshot histories that show how refugees and asylum seekers have been understood within the nation's history. They illuminate the gap between government refugee policy and community attitudes at specific times in history. A chapter that stands out for me is chapter seven, 'Behind the Wire: An Oral History Project about Immigration Detention', which documents a conversation between Jamila Jafari, a Hazara woman, and André Dao for the Behind the Wire project. This chapter and Jafari's story epitomise the importance of centring the voices of people with lived experiences in this work. The chapter also showcases how researchers and people with lived experience can coauthor research publications. This, I think, points to an important and emerging awareness within academia of the need to create more spaces for people with lived experience to speak for themselves. Including more authors with lived experiences would have added to the collection by giving voice to those who are 'experts by experience'. Academics have an important role in actively creating spaces for people with lived experience to speak for and represent themselves in research and scholarship that directly impacts them. The final section, 'Understanding Refugee Histories and Futures', reflects on the ways histories of refugee journeys have shaped 'future possibilities' and, more importantly, how we as a nation and a community can resist some of these trajectories (18). The final chapter by Klaus Neumann, 'Uses and Abuses of Refugee Histories', aptly reminds us of, and sums up, the power of history and its capacity to do both great harm and illuminate our past, present and future. As a whole, this book collection is an important and timely contribution to the field of refugee studies and has much to offer scholars and students across a wide range of disciplines, such as the social sciences, history, politics, education, social work, international relations, and human rights.


A simple RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Metronidazole [MTZ], Nalidixic acid [NA], Tinidazole [TZ] and Norfloxacin [NF] in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was achieved with the mobile phase Water, Acetonitrile and Methanol in the ratio of 50:30:20 (v/v), pH was adjusted to 4.25 with Orthophosphoric Acid, Prontosil ODS C18 Column (250 x 4.6 mm and 5μm) kept at room temperature and UV detection at 268nm. The compounds were separated isocratically at a flow rate of 0.8mL/min. The retention times for MTZ, TZ, NF and NA were 5.83, 7.27, 8.41 and 10.57min respectively. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The validation characteristics included accuracy, precision, linearity, range, specificity, limit of quantization and robustness. The calibration curves were linear (r > 0.999) over the concentration range 20-120μg/mL for all the drugs in this study. The recoveries for all four compounds were more than 98%. No spectral or chromatographic interferences from the tablet excipients were found. This method was rapid and simple, does not require any sample extraction and was suitable for routine quality control analyses.


The use of information technology in higher education environments have become common, the various services provided by the college for students or for operational activities campus itself will be more effective when using information technology, namely students' academic system or financial system that one can imagine how complicated if done manually and not using information technology.
Along with the use of information technology, it is often forgotten in the application of information technology is data security. The data involved in these systems exist in the form of ordinary data that may be accessed by the public but there is also a sensitive data that should be kept secret so as not to be lost, damaged, swapped and not just anyone can access it. Unfortunately this is often not a concern of the managers of campus that could potentially lead to security incidents such as deface websites, databases burglary, theft of data, and things like that. Of these problems required a document that regulates on matters of security related data in the system owned by institution specially educational institutions.
In this thesis, the researcher tries to develop a security policy document for the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional �Veteran� Jogjakarta campus environment. This document was developed starting from the stage of the analysis of business processes that are owned by the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional �Veteran� Jogjakarta, analysis of core infrastructure systems that utilize information technology, then look for security holes and vulnerabilities in the system and network. Based on the analysis results are then compiled an appropriate security policy document with the needs of business processes and expected to make the system work more effectively and efficiently without sacrificing data security and user convenience.


Learners' writing attitudes have been heavily debated as a research topic. The main objective of this current investigation is to explore the learners' attitudes towards the writing process and functions at the higher education level. It is designed as a quantitative approach, with the design as survey research. Thirty-five learners of the English Study Program of FKIP Universitas Islam Indragiri were chosen as the samples. The researcher utilized a questionnaire designed on a Likert scale in obtaining the data. Then the data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, which included individual scores, percentages, mean scores, and attitude level. The findings indicate that the learners' attitudes toward the writing process and functions ranged in the mean score of 3.83, which was categorized as a positive attitude. Therefore, it can be inferred that they have good skills for writing because they have a positive attitude toward writing.


The environmental conditions and processes that result in the origin and growth of marine manganese nodules have been of interest to both science and industry for more than 100 years, yet they are still poorly understood. The best way to investigate the significant internal features of whole nodules is to study their polished cross sections by the methods of ore microscopy. In this report, basic principles of ore microscopy are reviewed and methods of making good sections from difficult materials are described. The use of "map" photographs and mineral identification by X-ray analysis of microsamples are recommended.


- Many industries are located in South Gujarat and producing variety of products and subsequently producing huge amount of liquid, solid, and gaseous discharge in the environment. The primary consideration of our study is based on evaluation of existing wastewater plant along with its operation and control. A major tool for proper process control is frequent and accurate sampling and laboratory analysis, hence it is significant to study the efficiency of the treatment technologies that are currently equipped to treat the waste water. This study provides an insight about the percentage efficiency of the waste water treatment plant and the step wise degradation of the selected parameters which were analysed at each stage of treatment. The study also gave a brief idea of the type of wastewater that was discharged in the estuarine zone near Valsad (Gujarat). Concentrations of each parameter were analyzed using protocols laid by BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). The overall performance of the existing WWTP was satisfactory as per the standards laid by GPCB. The removal efficiencies of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand were found to be 94.87% and 93.43% respectively. Moreover, the efficiency of the tertiary treatment of the WWTP was adequate.


In this article we prove a Generalized Asypmtotic Equipartition Property for Networked Data Structures modelled as coloured random graphs. The main techniques in this article remains large deviation principles for suitably defined empirical measures on coloured random graphs. We apply our main result to a concrete example from the field of Biology.


The exact time-dependent correlation energy in time-dependent density-functional theory is shown to sometimes become positive, which is impossible with most present TDDFT approximations. Both the correlation potential and energy can be strongly nonlocal in time. A new inequality is derived for the time-dependent exchange-correlation energy. The correlation energy appears to scale to a constant function of scaled time in the high-density limit. In the linear response regime, the correlation energy is shown to become purely adiabatic, but the correlation potential is generally nonadiabatic. The usefulness of the virial theorem as a test of numerical accuracy is demonstrated. All results are found or inspired by exact numerical solution of a simple model system (Hooke's atom), and inversion of the corresponding Kohn–Sham equations.


In this study, we proposed a novel dimension reduction approach for mixture discriminant analysis on based mixture of multivariate normal distributions of high-dimensional data. We considered case of a classification problem that the number of observations (n) is less than the number of variables (p). The proposed approaches compared with classical dimension reduction methods such as F approach, principal component analysis, clustering of variables and multidimensional scaling.


Two field experiments were conducted between 2014 and 2016 on the effects of effective microorganism activated solution (EMAS), carbofuran and some plant leaf extracts (Azadirachta indica and Tithonia diversifolia) on the performance of cucumber planted on root-knot nematode (RKN) infested soil. The trials were carried out on two separate fields in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, each measuring about 15 m x 10 m. The experimental designs were randomized complete block, comprising of five treatments (EMAS, Azadirachta indica, Tithonia diversifolia Carbofuran and control). Each treatment was randomly assigned to a plot in a block and replicated three times. After land preparation, Cucumber seed cv. Monalisa F1 which is nematode susceptible was planted and inoculated with 2000 J2 M. incognita two weeks after planting while treatments were applied one week after inoculation. The result from the experiment showed that all the cucumber treated with EMAS, plant extract and carbofuran resulted into significantly (P < 0.05) increased vegetative growth and fruit yield compared with the control. Nematode soil population and root gall index were reduced in plant extract and carbofuran treated soil while it remained high in EMAS and not significantly (P < 0.05) different from the control. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid and saponin. EMAS did not bring about reduction in soil nematode population as it was not significantly (P < 0.05) different from the control but recorded the highest yield showing that it strengthened the tolerance level of cucumber to nematode attack.


This thesis was completed in the scope of a project focused on YouTube QoE prediction based on encrypted network traffic. During this project, a system called YouQ was developed for the purpose of collecting data both on a client device (Android smartphone) and in the network. The system also includes the YouQ server for processing and visualizing data. This thesis focuses on the second phase of the project: using machine learning algorithms on data collected by the YouQ system to predict QoE classes of each YouTube video streaming session. The dataset that was analysed consists of 343 instances described with 54 network traffic features and a QoE class label ("high", "medium", "low"). The dataset was subset using wrapper methods in the WEKA machine learning tool for four machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes, SMO, J48, and Random Forest. Classification models were created using OneR and the four listed algorithms. Classification accuracy was assessed and discussed. The results show that the most accurate was the model created using the Random Forest algorithm, with 74% accuracy. Most of the errors happened between classes "low" and "medium" and in the experiments with bandwidth fluctuations. Besides presenting the methodology of feature manipulation, model creation, and evaluation, this thesis provides theoretical information about algorithms, a short guide to using WEKA, and statistic analysis of both application-level and network-level data. Further, to better understand the dataset that was used as an input to machine learning algorithms, the experiment setup and data collection methodology has been described.


: Cooking is an important aspect to human lives. A sizable portion of India"s population still relies on biomass fuels, such as wood, animal wastes, and agricultural residues, to meet their energy needs for cooking. According to the 2011 census, 67.3% of the Indian population used biomass fuel for cooking. Also, the cooking devices used had poor thermal efficiency and posed a severe threat to health due to unclean combustion. Clean cooking fuels are a highly cost-effective health intervention and household"s energy-behavior indicates the economic development of a country .The past few decades have seen immense efforts by the Indian Government to introduce improved cookstoves and other cleaner cooking fuels; however, most of these interventions have largely failed to bring the much-needed transition. Learning from past experiences, the Government of India initiated the National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative(NBCI) in the year 2009. This program uses a different approach based on the changes that have taken place in society and technology over the years. In "Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana" (PMUY), the government provided gas connections to a total of 50 million poor households (from 2016 to 2018) .Piped Natural Gas (PNG) connections have reached more than 11% of households annually with a goal of 20 million by early next decade helping to move LPG to rural areas. In the present paper, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis has been done on clean cooking programs to determine the extent to which the new program is likely to ensure access to clean cooking energy for all.


We know more today about the second, or so-called 'modal', version of St. Anselm's ontological argument than we did when Charles Hartshorne and Norman Malcolm brought it to the attention of philosophers some years ago. 1 But there is still much to be learned. Criticisms of the modal ontological argument focus on its premises, namely (i) the claim that perfection, or maximal greatness, implies necessary existence, and (ii) the claim that the existence of a perfect being is logically possible. Less attention has been given by the critics of the argument to the modal principles that allow one to get from these premises to the conclusion that a perfect being exists. The modal ontological argument is valid in some standard systems of alethic modal logic, e.g., S5 (which is assumed by advocates of the argument like Hartshorne and Plantinga), and in at least one weaker system. But it is not valid in all. For example, it is not valid in T (Von Wright's M) or any Lewis system weaker than S5, including S4. What should all this mean for our assessment of the argument? Is choosing a modal system in theological contexts as innocent as choosing hors d'oeuvres? Can it be so with a proof for the existence of God at stake? Reflecting on these questions leads to two important, though often neglected, objections to the modal ontological argument (hereafter the 'modal OA'). The narrower aim of this paper is to explore these two objections; the wider aim, continuous with the narrower one, is to describe the present status quaestionis concerning the argument. As I see it, there are three central, as yet unresolved, problems that stand in the way of accepting the modal OA. Two of these problems are associated with the two objections just mentioned. The third problem will be mentioned here, but not discussed at length, because it is better understood than the two problems I shall discuss and has been widely discussed in the literature. I am not myself sure how to respond to all of these


Objective Rown patterns of ATCC367 strain under the conditions of six different media were discussed according to growth curves and pH curves.Methods six media with different ingredients or pH value were prepared and ATCC367 strain cultures were harvested from each medium.Culture samples were collected and A_600 and pH values were determined thereafter.Growth curves and pH curves were constructed according to these data.Results Growth curves were different between ATCC367 strain cultures.In MRS+aa pH 3.5 and MRS+aa+COS pH 6.5 media,strain growth were suppressed.pH 3.5~6.5 was suitable for its growth,glucose could extend its log phase while high concentration of amino acid maybe harmful.Conclusions ATCC367 strain may have the ability of dynamic metabolic regulation to accommodate different culture environment or energy source.


PURPOSE: A method for preparing melamine-formaldehyde spheres is provided to obtain a microporous melamine-formaldehyde sphere by only carbonization process and to reduce manufacturing cost and time. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing melamine-formaldehyde spheres with nano-sized pores comprises the steps of: preparing a melamine-formaldehyde resin by mixing melamine and formaldehyde solutions and heating the mixture; obtaining solid powder by mixing and stirring the melamine-formaldehyde resin and a surfactant, followed by centrifuging the mixture; and obtaining the melamine-formaldehyde spheres by washing the solid powder with ethanol solution and drying the solid powder.


Empty category which has been developed from the transformational-generative grammar (TG for short) into the theory of government and binding (GB for short) comes about as a new concept now. It is one of the most important subsystems in the theory of government and binding. Now we attempt to employ the theory of empty category to analyse the empty category in chinese sentence patterns which are the same in forms but different in structures. Besides, we do so in order to improve the understanding of "Empty Form" in traditional Chinese grammatical analyses,so as to try to prove whether the theory of Universal Grammar (UG for short) is still suitable to chinese.


In this paper, a novel and precise contouring control strategy is designed based on the model of linear motor direct drive for X-Y table. This control strategy consists of two key parts-a precise Newton-based contouring error estimation (NCEE) and a chattering-free discrete-time sliding mode contouring error control (CDSM-CEC), and the details of designing the control strategy are stated. Specifically, NCEE is obtained according to the Newton-based extremum seeking, which is a dynamic method having rather good performance even when highly-curved reference contouring occurs. As for CDSM-CEC, it is developed from equivalent-control based sliding mode control, to reduce the ubiquitous chattering phenomenon in discrete-time sliding mode control. Experiments to track a circular contouring are implemented with comparison to prove the precise performance of the proposed contouring control strategy.


Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the Audit industry reporting of suspicious transactions regarding money laundering.Background: In 2009, the law on measures against money laundering and terrorist financing became affective. All financial companies have an obligation to try to prevent money laundering by following specific rules, recommendations and directions. Because money laundering is a global growing problem that jeopardizes the efficiency and safety of the financial system and hurt economic development, global efforts to combat money laundering is an important factor. Therefore, it is important to have good compliance policies and internal procedures in the audit industry to try to counter money laundering.Method: To conduct the study, we have used a qualitative method by conducting semi-structured telephone interviews with three auditors and a counsel. We have compared the empirical data to the theoretical frame of reference to see how auditing agencies relate to the rules and recommendations regarding suspicion of money laundering.Results: The weight of combating of money laundering within the audit industry is not to retroactively with an existing customer detecting money laundering. Instead to detect suspected irregularities already in the adoption of a new customer through hard practices and policies that make the auditing firm opt out of any potential customer. This has resulted in an assumption that there is hidden statistics with suspicious transactions never reported.


This paper incorporates the systematic risk of regime shifts into a general equilibrium model of the term structure of interest rates. The model shows that there is a new source of time-variation in bond term premiums in the presence of regime shifts. This new component is a regime-switching risk premium that depends on the covariations between discreet changes in marginal utility and bond prices across different regimes. A closed-form solution for the term structure of interest rates is obtained under an affine model using log-linear approximation. The model is estimated by Efficient Method of Moments. The regime-switching risk is found to be statistically significant and mostly affect the long-end of the yield curve


We propose an online learning algorithm for a class of machine learning models under a separable stochastic approximation framework. The essence of our idea lies in the observation that certain parameters in the models are easier to optimize than others. In this paper, we focus on models where some parameters have a linear nature, which is common in machine learning. In one routine of the proposed algorithm, the linear parameters are updated by the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, which is equivalent to a stochastic Newton method; then, based on the updated linear parameters, the nonlinear parameters are updated by the stochastic gradient method (SGD). The proposed algorithm can be understood as a stochastic approximation version of block coordinate gradient descent approach in which one part of the parameters is updated by a second-order SGD method while the other part is updated by a first-order SGD. Global convergence of the proposed online algorithm for non-convex cases is established in terms of the expected violation of a first-order optimality condition. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method accelerates convergence significantly and produces more robust training and test performance when compared to other popular learning algorithms. Moreover, our algorithm is less sensitive to the learning rate and outperforms the recently proposed slimTrain algorithm (Newman et al., 2022). The code has been uploaded to GitHub for validation.


Traditionally, self-enhancement and self-verification are seen as competing motives. This presumption has typically resulted in tests of people's preference between them rather than an examination of their unique effects. The current study seeks to differentiate between the effects of self-enhancement and self-verification for measures of individual self-esteem and trust in one's spouse. Results indicate that separate unique effects do exist on self-esteem for wives, but only an effect for self-verification was found for husbands. In contrast, neither variable was found to exert an effect on wives' or husbands' trust in their spouse. The theoretical implications of these findings, along with some potential limitations, are discussed.


We consider the classical MacMahon conjugation of compositions or ordered partitions of positive integers. Using both algebraic and graphical methods we provide a natural extension of the standard conjugation of a composition to higher orders. The higher-order conjugates of a composition are obtained by varying the increments used in standard conjugation to turn strings of ones into larger summands and vice versa. It turns out that every nontrivial composition has an integral conjugation order beyond which it is not conjugable. We also discuss recursive conjugation and provide enumeration formulas and combinatorial identities between different classes of compositions.


One essential response to disasters is to bring relief aid for the immediate survival of the victims. Another response is often of great importance, although it receives less publicity: that of helping the victims to re-establish themselves economically. The extension of agricultural credit is one means of achieving this where people have lost crops and/or productive assets. In Orissa, East India, from the mid-1970's, OXFAM channelled funds through local development organizations for this purpose. In this report, Lincoln Young presents a retrospective review of some of the results of two such projects; the Winter Wheat Project following a drought and the Dalua Project following floods. The emergency nature of such schemes poses considerable problems, placing unusual stress on local administrators in making rapid day-to-day decisions and diminishing the possibilities of monitoring which exist in more normal circumstances. The projects described here failed to achieve their original objectives, but lessons may be learned with perhaps greater clarity than from other, somewhat more successful, disaster relief programmes.


The purpose of the study is associated with a tendency of servisization and lies in the development of scientific and methodological bases of building a system for monitoring of servisization in the sector of public administration. As a result of a system approach, monitoring of servisization is considered as a system characterized by a comprehensive review of its elements. In particular, the definition of the term "monitoring servisization" is given, the subjects and the objects, the purpose and objectives of monitoring are identified, as well as its criteria as a specific type of management are formulated. The application of process approach allowed to designate criteria for determining the structure of the processes involved in the creation and consumption of state services. In accordance with the structure of the processes the types of monitoring are defined and their tasks are specified. The proposed monitoring types are presented as a complex system. Only if they are implemented in a set, the monitoring of servisization will contribute to the effective interaction between the subjects of service activities in the sector of public administration, and to the development of axiologically deterministic strategy for their development.


Abstract There is overwhelming evidence that hospitals become unsafe with persistent high bed occupancy. Potentially preventable deaths occur and length of stay is prolonged. Infections and colonisations with multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms increase. It is probable that overall long-term efficiency is impaired. Isolation ward access block may be one of the mechanisms by which transmission of multiple antibioticresistant organisms is enhanced.